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Asimilație (lingvistică) - Wikipedia

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class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Cuprins</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Început</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Tipuri_de_asimilație" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tipuri_de_asimilație"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Tipuri de asimilație</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tipuri_de_asimilație-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Tipuri de asimilație subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tipuri_de_asimilație-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-După_natura_sunetului_asimilat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#După_natura_sunetului_asimilat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>După natura sunetului asimilat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-După_natura_sunetului_asimilat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-După_numărul_trăsăturilor_articulatorii_care_se_modifică" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#După_numărul_trăsăturilor_articulatorii_care_se_modifică"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>După numărul trăsăturilor articulatorii care se modifică</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-După_numărul_trăsăturilor_articulatorii_care_se_modifică-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-După_distanța_la_care_se_găsesc_cele_două_sunete" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#După_distanța_la_care_se_găsesc_cele_două_sunete"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>După distanța la care se găsesc cele două sunete</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-După_distanța_la_care_se_găsesc_cele_două_sunete-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-După_poziția_față_de_reper_a_sunetului_modificat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#După_poziția_față_de_reper_a_sunetului_modificat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>După poziția față de reper a sunetului modificat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-După_poziția_față_de_reper_a_sunetului_modificat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-După_trăsătura_care_se_schimbă" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#După_trăsătura_care_se_schimbă"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>După trăsătura care se schimbă</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-După_trăsătura_care_se_schimbă-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Surse_bibliografice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surse_bibliografice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Surse bibliografice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Surse_bibliografice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vezi_și" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vezi_și"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Vezi și</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vezi_și-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Asimilație (lingvistică)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 60 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-60" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">60 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assimilasie_(taalkunde)" title="Assimilasie (taalkunde) – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Assimilasie (taalkunde)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AB%D9%84%D8%A9_(%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA)" title="مماثلة (علم الأصوات) – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مماثلة (علم الأصوات)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assimilyasiya_(dil%C3%A7ilik)" title="Assimilyasiya (dilçilik) – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Assimilyasiya (dilçilik)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5)" title="Ассимиляция (тел белеме) – bașkiră" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ассимиляция (тел белеме)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bașkiră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F_(%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0)" title="Асіміляцыя (мовазнаўства) – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Асіміляцыя (мовазнаўства)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F_(%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Асыміляцыя (лінгвістыка) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Асыміляцыя (лінгвістыка)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/He%C3%B1veladur_(yezhoniezh)" title="Heñveladur (yezhoniezh) – bretonă" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Heñveladur (yezhoniezh)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assimilaci%C3%B3" title="Assimilació – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Assimilació" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hl%C3%A1skov%C3%A1_spodoba" title="Hlásková spodoba – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hlásková spodoba" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%B8_(%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Ассимиляци (лингвистика) – ciuvașă" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ассимиляци (лингвистика)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cymathiad" title="Cymathiad – galeză" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cymathiad" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assimilation_(fonetik)" title="Assimilation (fonetik) – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Assimilation (fonetik)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assimilation_(Phonologie)" title="Assimilation (Phonologie) – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Assimilation (Phonologie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asimilacija_(fonetika)" title="Asimilacija (fonetika) – sorabă de jos" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Asimilacija (fonetika)" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="sorabă de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assimilation_(phonology)" title="Assimilation (phonology) – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Assimilation (phonology)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simili%C4%9Do" title="Similiĝo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Similiĝo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asimilaci%C3%B3n_(fon%C3%A9tica)" title="Asimilación (fonética) – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Asimilación (fonética)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assimilatsioon" title="Assimilatsioon – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Assimilatsioon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%85%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C_(%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C)" title="همگونی (واج‌شناسی) – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="همگونی (واج‌شناسی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assimilaatio_(fonetiikka)" title="Assimilaatio (fonetiikka) – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Assimilaatio (fonetiikka)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assimilation_(phon%C3%A9tique)" title="Assimilation (phonétique) – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Assimilation (phonétique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assimilaasje_(taalkunde)" title="Assimilaasje (taalkunde) – frizonă occidentală" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Assimilaasje (taalkunde)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frizonă occidentală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asimilaci%C3%B3n" title="Asimilación – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Asimilación" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%AA" title="הידמות – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הידמות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A8_(%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8)" title="सम्मिलन (भाषाविज्ञान) – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सम्मिलन (भाषाविज्ञान)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jedna%C4%8Denje_po_mjestu_tvorbe" title="Jednačenje po mjestu tvorbe – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jednačenje po mjestu tvorbe" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asimilacija_(fonetika)" title="Asimilacija (fonetika) – sorabă de sus" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Asimilacija (fonetika)" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="sorabă de sus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasonul%C3%A1s" title="Hasonulás – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hasonulás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BC%D5%B6%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Առնմանում – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Առնմանում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asimilasi_(linguistik)" title="Asimilasi (linguistik) – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Asimilasi (linguistik)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assimilazione_(linguistica)" title="Assimilazione (linguistica) – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Assimilazione (linguistica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E5%8C%96_(%E9%9F%B3%E5%A3%B0%E5%AD%A6)" title="同化 (音声学) – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="同化 (音声学)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asimilasi" title="Asimilasi – javaneză" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Asimilasi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83)" title="Ассимиляция (тілтану) – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ассимиляция (тілтану)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%99%ED%99%94_(%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4%ED%95%99)" title="동화 (언어학) – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="동화 (언어학)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5)" title="Ассимиляция (тил илиминде) – kârgâză" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ассимиляция (тил илиминде)" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kârgâză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assimilatie_(taolkunde)" title="Assimilatie (taolkunde) – limburgheză" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Assimilatie (taolkunde)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asimiliacija_(kalbotyra)" title="Asimiliacija (kalbotyra) – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Asimiliacija (kalbotyra)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asimil%C4%81cija_(valodniec%C4%ABba)" title="Asimilācija (valodniecība) – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Asimilācija (valodniecība)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asimilasi_(linguistik)" title="Asimilasi (linguistik) – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Asimilasi (linguistik)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assimilasie_(sproakleer)" title="Assimilasie (sproakleer) – saxona de jos" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Assimilasie (sproakleer)" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="saxona de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assimilatie_(taalkunde)" title="Assimilatie (taalkunde) – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Assimilatie (taalkunde)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assimilasjon_(fonologi)" title="Assimilasjon (fonologi) – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Assimilasjon (fonologi)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assimilacion_(fonetica)" title="Assimilacion (fonetica) – occitană" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Assimilacion (fonetica)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymilacja_fonetyczna" title="Asymilacja fonetyczna – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Asymilacja fonetyczna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assimila%C3%A7%C3%A3o_(fonologia)" title="Assimilação (fonologia) – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Assimilação (fonologia)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assimilaziun_linguistica" title="Assimilaziun linguistica – romanșă" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Assimilaziun linguistica" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="romanșă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Ассимиляция (лингвистика) – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ассимиляция (лингвистика)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%85" title="ادغام – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ادغام" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podoma%C4%8Denka" title="Podomačenka – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Podomačenka" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83_%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5" title="Једначење сугласника по месту творбе – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Једначење сугласника по месту творбе" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assimilation_(Phonetik)" title="Assimilation (Phonetik) – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Assimilation (Phonetik)" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assimilation_(lingvistik)" title="Assimilation (lingvistik) – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Assimilation (lingvistik)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D3%A3)" title="Ассимилятсия (забоншиносӣ) – tadjică" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ассимилятсия (забоншиносӣ)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cns%C3%BCz_benze%C5%9Fmesi" title="Ünsüz benzeşmesi – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ünsüz benzeşmesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F_(%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)" title="Асиміляція (мовознавство) – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Асиміляція (мовознавство)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assimilaedje_di_lete" title="Assimilaedje di lete – valonă" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Assimilaedje di lete" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E5%90%8C%E5%8C%96" title="语音同化 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="语音同化" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E5%90%8C%E5%8C%96" title="語音同化 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="語音同化" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E5%8C%96_(%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8)" title="同化 (語言學) – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="同化 (語言學)" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Wikipedia, enciclopedia liberă</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><p>În <a href="/wiki/Fonetic%C4%83" title="Fonetică">fonetică</a>, <b>asimilația</b> sau <b>asimilarea</b> este o <a href="/wiki/Schimbare_fonetic%C4%83" title="Schimbare fonetică">schimbare fonetică</a> foarte răspândită, prin care un <a href="/wiki/Sunet_(fonetic%C4%83)" title="Sunet (fonetică)">sunet</a> preia unele caracteristici articulatorii sau totalitatea acestora de la un sunet diferit, aflat în vecinătatea primului sau în apropierea acestuia<sup id="cite_ref-bidu_71_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bidu_71-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dobridor_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dobridor-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bussmann_99_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bussmann_99-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dubois_55_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dubois_55-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-crystal_39_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crystal_39-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Fenomenul contrar asimilației este <a href="/wiki/Disimila%C8%9Bie" title="Disimilație">disimilația</a>. </p><p>Asimilația poate fi privită din punct de vedere diacronic (al istoriei <a href="/wiki/Limb%C4%83_(comunicare)" title="Limbă (comunicare)">limbii</a>) și din punct de vedere sincronic (al stării actuale a limbii). Din primul, asimilația este unul din fenomenele care explică diferențe între aspectul actual al unor <a href="/wiki/Cuv%C3%A2nt" title="Cuvânt">cuvinte</a> și cel al cuvintelor din care provin<sup id="cite_ref-dubois_55_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dubois_55-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. De exemplu, <span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba latină">la</span> <i>corona</i> a dat <span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <i>cunună</i>, în care una din schimbările fonetice a fost asimilarea lui [r] de către [n] din <a href="/wiki/Silab%C4%83" title="Silabă">silaba</a> următoare<sup id="cite_ref-bidu_71_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bidu_71-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Din al doilea punct de vedere, asimilația între sunetele finală și inițială ale cuvintelor care se succed joacă un rol important în menținerea fluenței și ritmului vorbirii. De pildă, <a href="/wiki/Sintagm%C4%83" title="Sintagmă">sintagma</a> <span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span> <i>ten mice</i> „zece șoareci”, sună în vorbirea fluentă [ˈtemmaɪs]<sup id="cite_ref-crystal_39_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crystal_39-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>La nivelul cuvântului izolat se pot deosebi, pe de o parte, asimilări <a href="/wiki/Limb%C4%83_standard" title="Limbă standard">standard</a>. Măsura în care le consemnează <a href="/wiki/Ortografie" title="Ortografie">ortografia</a> diverselor <a href="/wiki/Limb%C4%83" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Limbă">limbi</a> depinde de ce principii predomină în acestea. Bunăoară, ortografiile limbilor din <a href="/wiki/Diasistemul_slav_de_centru-sud" title="Diasistemul slav de centru-sud">diasistemul slav de centru-sud</a> (<a href="/wiki/Limba_bosniac%C4%83" title="Limba bosniacă">bosniacă</a>, <a href="/wiki/Limba_croat%C4%83" title="Limba croată">croată</a>, <a href="/wiki/Limba_muntenegrean%C4%83" title="Limba muntenegreană">muntenegreană</a>, <a href="/wiki/Limba_s%C3%A2rb%C4%83" title="Limba sârbă">sârbă</a>), care sunt în relativ mare măsură fonetice, redau sistematic asimilările dintre <a href="/wiki/Morfem" title="Morfem">morfemele</a> care compun cuvintele. Astfel, <a href="/wiki/Substantiv" title="Substantiv">substantivului</a> <i>Srbija</i> „<a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>” îi corespunde <a href="/wiki/Adjectiv" title="Adjectiv">adjectivul</a> <i>srpski</i> „sârbesc”, cu asimilarea lui [b] de către [s]-ul inițial al terminației <i>-ski</i><sup id="cite_ref-klajn_29_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-klajn_29-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. În schimb, în ortografia <a href="/wiki/Limba_maghiar%C4%83" title="Limba maghiară">limbii maghiare</a>, deși este fonetică în destul de mare măsură, redând în unele cazuri asimilările, principiul <a href="/wiki/Morfologie_(lingvistic%C4%83)" title="Morfologie (lingvistică)">morfologic</a> domină la contactul dintre morfeme și intră în contradicție cu <a href="/wiki/Ortoepie" title="Ortoepie">ortoepia</a>. Astfel, în cuvântul <i>adtam</i> „(eu) am dat”, format din <a href="/wiki/R%C4%83d%C4%83cin%C4%83_%C8%99i_radical_(lingvistic%C4%83)" title="Rădăcină și radical (lingvistică)">radicalul</a> <i>a<b>d</b></i> + două <a href="/wiki/Afix" title="Afix">sufixe</a> <a href="/wiki/Gramatic%C4%83" title="Gramatică">gramaticale</a>, se pronunță corect [ˈɒttɒm]<sup id="cite_ref-mnyk_127_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mnyk_127-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Pe de altă parte, există asimilări nestandard. Unele din acestea sunt regionale, ex. <i>băiet</i> în <a href="/wiki/Graiul_moldovenesc" title="Graiul moldovenesc">graiul moldovenesc</a>, cu asimilarea lui [a] de către [j]. Altele sunt individuale, ex. <i>pol<b>i</b>loghie</i> &gt; <i>pol<b>o</b>loghie</i>, cu asimilarea lui [i] de către cei doi [o]<sup id="cite_ref-dobridor_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dobridor-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tipuri_de_asimilație"><span id="Tipuri_de_asimila.C8.9Bie"></span>Tipuri de asimilație</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asimila%C8%9Bie_(lingvistic%C4%83)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Tipuri de asimilație" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asimila%C8%9Bie_(lingvistic%C4%83)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Tipuri de asimilație"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Asimilația este clasificată pe baza mai multor criterii. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="După_natura_sunetului_asimilat"><span id="Dup.C4.83_natura_sunetului_asimilat"></span>După natura sunetului asimilat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asimila%C8%9Bie_(lingvistic%C4%83)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: După natura sunetului asimilat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asimila%C8%9Bie_(lingvistic%C4%83)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: După natura sunetului asimilat"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pe baza acestui criteriu există, pe de o parte, asimilație <a href="/wiki/Consoan%C4%83" title="Consoană">consonantică</a>: </p> <dl><dd><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <i>î<b>n</b></i> + <i>bun</i> &gt; <i>î<b>m</b>buna</i><sup id="cite_ref-dobridor_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dobridor-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>;</dd> <dd><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba franceză">fr</span> <i>a<b>b</b>surde</i> [a<b>p</b>syrd] „absurd(ă)”<sup id="cite_ref-dubois_55_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dubois_55-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>;</dd> <dd><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span> <i>dog<b>s</b></i> [dɒɡ<b>z</b>] „câini”<sup id="cite_ref-bussmann_99_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bussmann_99-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>;</dd> <dd><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba sârbă">sr</span> <i>be<b>z</b> kuće</i> „fără casă” &gt; <i>be<b>s</b>kućnik</i> (adjectiv) „fără adăpost”<sup id="cite_ref-klajn_29_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-klajn_29-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>;</dd> <dd><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba maghiară">hu</span> <i>szá<b>z</b>szor</i> [ˈsaː<b>s</b>sor] „de o sută de ori”<sup id="cite_ref-mnyk_127_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mnyk_127-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>.</dd></dl> <p>Pe de altă parte, există asimilație <a href="/wiki/Vocal%C4%83" title="Vocală">vocalică</a>. Aceasta are o mare importanță în limbile cu <a href="/wiki/Armonie_vocalic%C4%83" title="Armonie vocalică">armonie vocalică</a>, precum maghiara. În aceasta, cele mai multe sufixe au două variante, pentru a se putea armoniza cu vocalele din cuvântul la care se adaugă. Bunăoară, <a href="/wiki/Desinen%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Desinență">desinența</a> cu sensul „în” are o variantă <i>-ban</i>, cu <a href="/wiki/Vocal%C4%83_posterioar%C4%83" title="Vocală posterioară">vocală posterioară</a>, pentru cuvintele care au asemenea vocale, ex. <i>a h<b>á</b>zb<b>a</b>n</i> „în casă”, și una <i>-ben</i>, cu <a href="/wiki/Vocal%C4%83_anterioar%C4%83" title="Vocală anterioară">vocală anterioară</a>, pentru a se armoniza cu asemenea vocale, ex. <i>a k<b>é</b>pb<b>e</b>n</i> „în imagine”. Mai există și o armonizare după caracterul <a href="/wiki/Vocal%C4%83_rotunjit%C4%83" title="Vocală rotunjită">rotunjit</a> sau nerotunjit al vocalelor, referitor numai la cele anterioare. Astfel, unele sufixe au și o a treia variantă, pentru cuvintele în care ultima vocală este anterioară rotunjită, ex. desinența <i>-hoz/-hez/-höz</i>, corespunzătoare <a href="/wiki/Prepozi%C8%9Bie" title="Prepoziție">prepoziției</a> <i>la</i>: <i>a k<b>é</b>ph<b>e</b>z</i> „la imagine”, dar <i>a f<b>ö</b>ldh<b>ö</b>z</i> „la pământ”<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>În <a href="/wiki/Limba_rom%C3%A2n%C4%83" title="Limba română">română</a> există de asemenea asimilație vocalică, mai puțin răspândită, ex. <i>adă<b>u</b>ga</i> &gt; <i>adă<b>o</b>ga</i><sup id="cite_ref-dobridor_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dobridor-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="După_numărul_trăsăturilor_articulatorii_care_se_modifică"><span id="Dup.C4.83_num.C4.83rul_tr.C4.83s.C4.83turilor_articulatorii_care_se_modific.C4.83"></span>După numărul trăsăturilor articulatorii care se modifică</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asimila%C8%9Bie_(lingvistic%C4%83)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: După numărul trăsăturilor articulatorii care se modifică" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asimila%C8%9Bie_(lingvistic%C4%83)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: După numărul trăsăturilor articulatorii care se modifică"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Conform acestui criteriu, asimilația poate fi: </p> <ul><li>parțială, numită și „acomodare”, ce privește schimbarea uneia sau cel mult a două dintre caracteristicile fonetice ale sunetului:</li></ul> <dl><dd><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <i>de<b>s</b>-</i> + <i>goli</i> &gt; <i>de<b>z</b>goli</i> ([s] preia numai caracterul sonor al lui [g])<sup id="cite_ref-dobridor_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dobridor-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>;</dd> <dd><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba franceză">fr</span> <i>ane<b>c</b>dote</i> [anɛ<b>ɡ</b>ˈdɔt] „anecdotă”<sup id="cite_ref-bdl_assim_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bdl_assim-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>.</dd> <dd><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span> <i>te<b>n</b> bikes</i> [ˈte<b>m</b>baɪks] „zece biciclete”<sup id="cite_ref-crystal_39_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crystal_39-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>;</dd> <dd><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba sârbă">sr</span> <i>te<b>ž</b>ak</i> „greu” &gt; <i>te<b>š</b>ka</i> „grea”<sup id="cite_ref-klajn_29_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-klajn_29-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>;</dd> <dd><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba maghiară">hu</span> <i>szí<b>n</b>pad</i> [ˈsiː<b>m</b>pɒd] „scenă”<sup id="cite_ref-mnyk_127_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mnyk_127-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>;</dd></dl> <ul><li>totală, adică schimbarea tuturor caracteristicilor fonetice ale sunetului, astfel încât cele două sunete devin identice:</li></ul> <dl><dd><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <a href="/wiki/Limbi_slave" title="Limbi slave">slavă</a> &gt; <i>n<b>a</b>sŭpŭ</i> &gt; <i>n<b>ă</b>sip</i> &gt; <i>n<b>i</b>sip</i><sup id="cite_ref-dobridor_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dobridor-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>;</dd> <dd><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba franceză">fr</span> <i>maintenant</i> „acum” (pronunțare standard [mɛ̃<b>t</b>nɑ̃] &gt; pronunțare individuală [mɛ<b>n</b>nɑ̃])<sup id="cite_ref-bdl_assim_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bdl_assim-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>;</dd> <dd><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span> <i>te<b>n</b> mice</i> [ˈte<b>m</b>maɪs] „zece șoareci”<sup id="cite_ref-crystal_39_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crystal_39-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>;</dd> <dd><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba maghiară">hu</span> <i>kö<b>z</b>ség</i> [ˈkø<b>ʃ</b>ʃeːg] „comună” (substantiv)<sup id="cite_ref-mnyk_127_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mnyk_127-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="După_distanța_la_care_se_găsesc_cele_două_sunete"><span id="Dup.C4.83_distan.C8.9Ba_la_care_se_g.C4.83sesc_cele_dou.C4.83_sunete"></span>După distanța la care se găsesc cele două sunete</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asimila%C8%9Bie_(lingvistic%C4%83)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: După distanța la care se găsesc cele două sunete" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asimila%C8%9Bie_(lingvistic%C4%83)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: După distanța la care se găsesc cele două sunete"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Asimilația în contact (organică) privește două sunete învecinate: </p> <dl><dd><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <i>m<b>e</b>rg</i> &gt; regional <i>m<b>ă</b>rg</i><sup id="cite_ref-dobridor_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dobridor-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>;</dd> <dd><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba franceză">fr</span> <a href="/wiki/Limba_latin%C4%83" title="Limba latină">latină</a> <i>ca<b>ps</b>a</i> &gt; <i>cha<b>ss</b>e</i> „vânătoare”<sup id="cite_ref-dubois_55_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dubois_55-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>;</dd> <dd><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span> <i>i<b>n</b>-</i> + <i>regular</i> &gt; <i>i<b>r</b>regular</i> „neregulat”<sup id="cite_ref-bussmann_99_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bussmann_99-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>;</dd> <dd><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba muntenegreană">cnr</span> <i>po<b>d</b>-</i> „sub-” + <i>cijeniti</i> „a estima” &gt; <i>po<b>t</b>cijeniti</i> „a subestima”<sup id="cite_ref-cirgic_39_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cirgic_39-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>;</dd> <dd><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba maghiară">hu</span> <i>vas</i> [vɒ<b>ʃ</b>] „fier” + <i>golyó</i> „bilă” &gt; <i>va<b>s</b>golyó</i> [ˈvɒ<b>ʒ</b>ɡojoː] „bilă de fier”<sup id="cite_ref-mnyk_127_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mnyk_127-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>.</dd></dl> <p>Această asimilație poate fi și reciprocă, din două sunete rezultând unul diferit de ambele, cu particularități proprii amândurora: </p> <dl><dd><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span> <i>don’<b>t y</b>ou</i> [dəʊn<b>tʃ</b>ʊ] „(tu) să nu”<sup id="cite_ref-crystal_39_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crystal_39-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>;</dd> <dd><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba italiană">it</span> lat. <i><b>au</b>rum</i> &gt; <i><b>o</b>ro</i> „aur”<sup id="cite_ref-dobridor_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dobridor-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>;</dd> <dd><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba maghiară">hu</span> <i>ker<b>tj</b>e</i> [ˈkɛr<b>c</b>ɛ] „grădina sa”<sup id="cite_ref-mnyk_127_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mnyk_127-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>.</dd></dl> <p>Asimilația la distanță (armonică) privește sunete care nu sunt alăturate. Cazuri propriu-zise de asemenea asimilație sunt cele produse prin armonia vocalică (vezi mai sus). Poate fi vorba și de apariția unui sunet nou identic cu altul într-o silabă anterioară, fenomen numit „anticipare”, ex. <span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <i>strachină</i> &gt; <i>stra<b>i</b>chină</i> (în <a href="/wiki/Oltenia" title="Oltenia">Oltenia</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, sau într-o silabă posterioară (numită „propagare”): <span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> lat. <i>genuculus</i> &gt; rom. <i>genu<b>n</b>chi</i><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="După_poziția_față_de_reper_a_sunetului_modificat"><span id="Dup.C4.83_pozi.C8.9Bia_fa.C8.9B.C4.83_de_reper_a_sunetului_modificat"></span>După poziția față de reper a sunetului modificat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asimila%C8%9Bie_(lingvistic%C4%83)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: După poziția față de reper a sunetului modificat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asimila%C8%9Bie_(lingvistic%C4%83)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: După poziția față de reper a sunetului modificat"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>După acest criteriu, asimilația este: </p> <ul><li>regresivă, când sunetul supus schimbării se află înaintea sunetului modificator:</li></ul> <dl><dd><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <i>î<b>n</b>mulți</i> [ɨ<b>m</b>mulˈtsi]<sup id="cite_ref-dobridor_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dobridor-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>;</dd> <dd><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba franceză">fr</span> <i>o<b>b</b>tenir</i> [o<b>p</b>təˈniːʀ] „a obține”<sup id="cite_ref-bdl_assim_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bdl_assim-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>;</dd> <dd><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span> <i>te<b>n</b> bikes</i> [ˈte<b>m</b>baɪks] „zece biciclete”<sup id="cite_ref-crystal_39_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crystal_39-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>;</dd> <dd><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba muntenegreană">cnr</span> <i>vra<b>b</b>ac</i> „vrabie” &gt; <i>vra<b>p</b>ca</i> „al/a/ai/ale unei vrăbii”<sup id="cite_ref-cirgic_39_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cirgic_39-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>;</dd> <dd><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba maghiară">hu</span> <i>te<b>l</b>jes</i> [ˈtɛ<b>j</b>jɛʃ] „complet(ă)”<sup id="cite_ref-mnyk_127_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mnyk_127-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>.</dd></dl> <ul><li>progresivă, când sunetul supus schimbării se află după sunetul modificator:</li></ul> <dl><dd><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <i>țin<b>t</b>irim</i> &gt; <i>țin<b>ț</b>irim</i><sup id="cite_ref-bidu_71_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bidu_71-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>;</dd> <dd><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba franceză">fr</span> <i>che<b>v</b>eu</i> [ʃ<b>f</b>ø] „fir de păr”<sup id="cite_ref-bdl_assim_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bdl_assim-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>;</dd> <dd><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span> <i>Goodge <b>S</b>treet</i> [ˈɡʊdʒ<b>ʃ</b>triːt]<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>;</dd> <dd><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba muntenegreană">cnr</span> <i>tvojeg(a)</i> &gt; <i>tvoega(a)</i> &gt; <i>tvoog(a)</i> &gt; <i>tvog(a)</i> „tău” la <a href="/wiki/Cazul_genitiv" title="Cazul genitiv">cazul genitiv</a> [evoluția variantei <i>tvog(a)</i> din varianta <i>tvojeg(a)</i>]<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>;</dd> <dd><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba maghiară">hu</span> <i>az ember</i> „omul” + <i>-<b>v</b>el</i> „cu” &gt; <i>az ember<b>r</b>el</i> „cu omul”<sup id="cite_ref-mnyk_127_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mnyk_127-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>.</dd></dl> <p>Asimilația poate fi și dublă, adică în același timp regresivă și progresivă, ex. <span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba franceză">fr</span> <i>épaissir</i> „a îngroșa”, pronunțat [ep<b>ε</b>ˈsiːʀ] sau [ep<b>e</b>ˈsiːʀ], în a doua pronunțare [ε] închizându-se sub influența <a href="/wiki/Vocal%C4%83_%C3%AEnchis%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Vocală închisă">vocalelor închise</a> [e] (precedentă) și [i] (următoare)<sup id="cite_ref-bdl_assim_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bdl_assim-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="După_trăsătura_care_se_schimbă"><span id="Dup.C4.83_tr.C4.83s.C4.83tura_care_se_schimb.C4.83"></span>După trăsătura care se schimbă</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asimila%C8%9Bie_(lingvistic%C4%83)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifică secțiunea: După trăsătura care se schimbă" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asimila%C8%9Bie_(lingvistic%C4%83)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: După trăsătura care se schimbă"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La consoane se mai deosebesc și trei feluri de asimilație conform trăsăturii care se schimbă. Astfel există asimilație: </p> <ul><li>după modul de articulare: <i>i<b>n</b>-</i> + <i>regular</i> &gt; <i>i<b>r</b>regular</i> „neregulat(ă)” (schimbare din <a href="/wiki/Consoan%C4%83_nazal%C4%83" title="Consoană nazală">consoană nazală</a> în <a href="/wiki/Consoan%C4%83_vibrant%C4%83" title="Consoană vibrantă">vibrantă</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-bussmann_99_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bussmann_99-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>;</li> <li>după locul de articulare: <i>in-</i> [ɪ<b>n</b>] + <i>complete</i> &gt; <i>incomplete</i> [ɪ<b>ŋ</b>kəmˈpliːt] „incomplet(ă)” (<a href="/wiki/Consoan%C4%83_alveolar%C4%83" title="Consoană alveolară">alveolară</a> &gt; <a href="/wiki/Consoan%C4%83_velar%C4%83" title="Consoană velară">velară</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-bussmann_99_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bussmann_99-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>;</li> <li>după sonoritate: <i>de<b>s</b>-</i> + <i>goli</i> &gt; <i>de<b>z</b>goli</i> (<a href="/wiki/Consoan%C4%83_surd%C4%83" title="Consoană surdă">surdă</a> &gt; <a href="/wiki/Consoan%C4%83_sonor%C4%83" title="Consoană sonoră">sonoră</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-dobridor_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dobridor-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asimila%C8%9Bie_(lingvistic%C4%83)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asimila%C8%9Bie_(lingvistic%C4%83)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Note"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-bidu_71-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bidu_71_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bidu_71_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bidu_71_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Bidu-Vrănceanu 1997, pp.&#160;71–72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dobridor-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dobridor_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dobridor_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dobridor_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dobridor_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dobridor_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dobridor_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dobridor_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dobridor_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dobridor_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dobridor_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Constantinescu-Dobridor 1998, articolul <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dexonline.ro/definitie-dtl/asimilare"><b>asimilare</b></a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bussmann_99-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bussmann_99_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bussmann_99_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bussmann_99_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bussmann_99_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bussmann_99_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Bussmann 1998, p.&#160;99.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dubois_55-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dubois_55_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dubois_55_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dubois_55_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dubois_55_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Dubois 2002, p.&#160;55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-crystal_39-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-crystal_39_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-crystal_39_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-crystal_39_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-crystal_39_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-crystal_39_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-crystal_39_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Crystal 2008, p.&#160;39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-klajn_29-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-klajn_29_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-klajn_29_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-klajn_29_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Klajn 2005, p.&#160;29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mnyk_127-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mnyk_127_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mnyk_127_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mnyk_127_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mnyk_127_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mnyk_127_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mnyk_127_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mnyk_127_7-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mnyk_127_7-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text">A. Jászó 2007, pp.&#160;127–131.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Kálmán și Trón 2007, p.&#160;96.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bdl_assim-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bdl_assim_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bdl_assim_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bdl_assim_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bdl_assim_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bdl_assim_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text">BDL, pagina <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bdl.oqlf.gouv.qc.ca/bdl/gabarit_bdl.asp?id=4502">Assimilation</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cirgic_39-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cirgic_39_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cirgic_39_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Čirgić 2010, pp.39–.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Bidu-Vrănceanu 1997, p.&#160;54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Bidu-Vrănceanu 1997, p.&#160;390.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Crystal 2008, p.&#160;390.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Čirgić 2010, p.&#160;56.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Surse_bibliografice">Surse bibliografice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asimila%C8%9Bie_(lingvistic%C4%83)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Modifică secțiunea: Surse bibliografice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asimila%C8%9Bie_(lingvistic%C4%83)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Surse bibliografice"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba maghiară">hu</span> A. Jászó, Anna, Hangtan (Fonetică), A. Jászó, Anna (coord.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fr.scribd.com/doc/125463345/A-magyar-nyelv-konyve#scribd"><i>A magyar nyelv könyve</i></a> (Cartea limbii maghiare), ediția a VIII-a, Budapesta, Trezor, 2007, <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9789638144195" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-963-8144-19-5</a>, pp.&#160;73–162 (accesat la 25 iunie 2019)</li></ul> <ul><li>Bidu-Vrănceanu, Angela <i>et al.</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/10986209/87525919-DSL-Dictionar-de-Stiinte-Ale-Limbii"><i>Dicționar general de științe. Științe ale limbii</i></a>, București, Editura științifică, 1997, <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9734402293" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 973-440229-3</a> (accesat la 25 iunie 2019)</li></ul> <ul><li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span> Bussmann, Hadumod (coord.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.e-reading.club/bookreader.php/142124/Routledge_Dictionary_of_Language_and_Linguistics.pdf"><i>Dictionary of Language and Linguistics</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220123230149/https://www.e-reading.club/bookreader.php/142124/Routledge_Dictionary_of_Language_and_Linguistics.pdf">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2022-01-23">23 ianuarie 2022</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. (Dicționarul limbii și lingvisticii), Londra – New York, Routledge, 1998, <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/0203980050" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-203-98005-0</a> (accesat la 25 iunie 2019)</li></ul> <ul><li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba muntenegreană">cnr</span> Čirgić, Adnan; Pranjković, Ivo; Silić, Josip, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fr.scribd.com/doc/307118991/gramatika-crnogorskoga-jezika-pdf"><i>Gramatika crnogorskoga jezika</i></a> (Gramatica limbii muntenegrene), Podgorica, Ministerul Învățământului și Științei al Muntenegrului, 2010, <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9789940905262" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-9940-9052-6-2</a> (accesat la 25 iunie 2019)</li></ul> <ul><li>Constantinescu-Dobridor, Gheorghe, <i>Dicționar de termeni lingvistici</i>, București, Teora, 1998; online: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dexonline.ro/">Dexonline</a> (DTL) (accesat la 25 iunie 2019)</li></ul> <ul><li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span> Crystal, David, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181110120458/https://anekawarnapendidikan.files.wordpress.com/2014/04/a-dictionary-of-linguistics-and-phonetics-by-david-christal.pdf"><i>A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics</i></a> (Dicționar de lingvistică și fonetică), ediția a VI-a, Blackwell Publishing, 2008, <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9781405152969" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-4051-5296-9</a> (accesat la 25 iunie 2019)</li></ul> <ul><li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba franceză">fr</span> Dubois, Jean <i>et al.</i>, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/DictionnaireDeLinguistiqueDubois">Dictionnaire de linguistique</a></i> (Dicționar de lingvistică), Paris, Larousse-Bordas/VUEF, 2002 (accesat la 3 martie 2023)</li></ul> <ul><li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba maghiară">hu</span> Kálmán, László și Trón, Viktor, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.szepejudit.hu/kalman_tron_bevezetes.pdf"><i>Bevezetés a nyelvtudományba</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230605163104/http://www.szepejudit.hu/kalman_tron_bevezetes.pdf">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2023-06-05">5 iunie 2023</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. (Introducere în lingvistică), ediția a II-a, adăugită, Budapesta, Tinta, 2007, <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9789637094651" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-963-7094-65-1</a> (accesat la 25 iunie 2019)</li></ul> <ul><li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba sârbă">sr</span> Klajn, Ivan, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160423015859/http://jelenagolubovic.weebly.com/uploads/2/5/3/7/25373008/ivan_klajn_-_gramatika_srpskog_jezika.pdf"><i>Gramatika srpskog jezika</i></a> (Gramatica limbii sârbe), Belgrad, Zavod za udžbenike i nastavna sredstva, 2005, <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/8617131888" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 86-17-13188-8</a> (accesat la 25 iunie 2019)</li></ul> <ul><li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba franceză">fr</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vitrinelinguistique.oqlf.gouv.qc.ca/">Vitrine linguistique</a>, Banque de dépannage linguistique (Bancă de ajutor lingvistic) (BDL), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oqlf.gouv.qc.ca/accueil.aspx">Office québécois de la langue française</a> (accesat la 3 martie 2023)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vezi_și"><span id="Vezi_.C8.99i"></span>Vezi și</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asimila%C8%9Bie_(lingvistic%C4%83)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Modifică secțiunea: Vezi și" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asimila%C8%9Bie_(lingvistic%C4%83)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Vezi și"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disimila%C8%9Bie" title="Disimilație">Disimilație</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schimbare_fonetic%C4%83" title="Schimbare fonetică">Schimbare fonetică</a></li></ul> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.canary‐687bc74f68‐s5m4s Cached time: 20241123155321 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.114 seconds Real time usage: 0.140 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 787/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 12729/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 88/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 4/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 13601/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.010/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 778855/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 92.123 1 -total 33.36% 30.736 2 Format:Webarchive 5.16% 4.752 1 Format:La_icon 4.17% 3.842 4 Format:Cnr_icon 3.93% 3.617 1 Format:It_icon 3.51% 3.235 9 Format:Fr_icon 3.06% 2.819 9 Format:Ro_icon 2.96% 2.724 3 Format:Sr_icon 2.64% 2.433 9 Format:Hu_icon 2.24% 2.067 10 Format:En_icon --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key rowiki:pcache:idhash:1216407-0!canonical and timestamp 20241123155321 and revision id 16028583. 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