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href="/glossary/mysql/"> <img alt="" src="/images/icons/mysql.svg" width="24" height="24" class="icon" /> <span>MySQL</span> <span class="article-count">28</span> </a> </div> </li><li data-nav-id="/glossary/notebooks/" class="dd-item alwaysopen "> <div> <a href="/glossary/notebooks/"> <img alt="" src="/images/icons/notebooks.svg" width="24" height="24" class="icon" /> <span>Paperspace Notebooks</span> <span class="article-count">40</span> </a> </div> </li><li data-nav-id="/glossary/postgresql/" class="dd-item alwaysopen "> <div> <a href="/glossary/postgresql/"> <img alt="" src="/images/icons/postgresql.svg" width="24" height="24" class="icon" /> <span>PostgreSQL</span> <span class="article-count">28</span> </a> </div> </li><li data-nav-id="/glossary/projects/" class="dd-item alwaysopen "> <div> <a href="/glossary/projects/"> <img alt="" src="/images/icons/projects.svg" width="24" height="24" class="icon" /> <span>Projects</span> <span class="article-count">3</span> </a> </div> </li><li data-nav-id="/glossary/redis/" class="dd-item alwaysopen "> <div> <a href="/glossary/redis/"> <img alt="" src="/images/icons/redis.svg" width="24" height="24" class="icon" /> <span>Redis</span> <span class="article-count">25</span> </a> </div> </li><li data-nav-id="/glossary/reserved-ips/" class="dd-item alwaysopen "> <div> <a href="/glossary/reserved-ips/"> <img alt="" src="/images/icons/reserved-ips.svg" width="24" height="24" class="icon" /> <span>Reserved IPs</span> <span class="article-count">5</span> </a> </div> </li><li data-nav-id="/glossary/snapshots/" class="dd-item alwaysopen "> <div> <a href="/glossary/snapshots/"> <img alt="" src="/images/icons/snapshots.svg" width="24" height="24" class="icon" /> <span>Snapshots</span> <span class="article-count">1</span> </a> </div> </li><li data-nav-id="/glossary/spaces/" class="dd-item alwaysopen "> <div> <a href="/glossary/spaces/"> <img alt="" src="/images/icons/spaces.svg" width="24" height="24" class="icon" /> <span>Spaces</span> <span class="article-count">18</span> </a> </div> </li><li data-nav-id="/glossary/uptime/" class="dd-item alwaysopen "> <div> <a href="/glossary/uptime/"> <img alt="" src="/images/icons/uptime.svg" width="24" height="24" class="icon" /> <span>Uptime</span> <span class="article-count">8</span> </a> </div> </li><li data-nav-id="/glossary/volumes/" class="dd-item alwaysopen "> <div> <a href="/glossary/volumes/"> <img alt="" src="/images/icons/volumes.svg" width="24" height="24" class="icon" /> <span>Volumes</span> <span class="article-count">7</span> </a> </div> </li><li data-nav-id="/glossary/vpc/" class="dd-item alwaysopen "> <div> <a href="/glossary/vpc/"> <img alt="" src="/images/icons/vpc.svg" width="24" height="24" class="icon" /> <span>VPC</span> <span class="article-count">7</span> </a> </div> </li><li data-nav-id="/glossary/workflows/" class="dd-item alwaysopen "> <div> <a href="/glossary/workflows/"> <img alt="" src="/images/icons/workflows.svg" width="24" height="24" 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1);document.getElementById('feedback-message').innerHTML = 'Thank You!';"> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 24.1 25"> <defs> <style> .cls-thumbs-up { fill: #fff; } </style> </defs>  <g> <g id="Layer_1"> <g id="Layer_1-2" data-name="Layer_1"> <g id="Layer_1-2"> <path class="cls-thumbs-up" d="M14.7,8.9V4c0-2-1.6-3.7-3.7-3.7l-4.9,11v13.5h13.8c1.2,0,2.3-.9,2.5-2.1l1.7-11c.2-1.3-.7-2.6-2.1-2.8h-.4s-6.9,0-6.9,0ZM5.5,24.8h-3c-1.4,0-2.5-1.1-2.5-2.5v-8.6c0-1.4,1.1-2.5,2.5-2.5h2.9"/> </g> </g> </g> </g> </svg> </div> <div class="thumbs-down" onclick="logToLooker('Page Rating','', 0);document.getElementById('feedback-message').innerHTML = 'Thank You!';"> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 24.1 25"> <defs> <style> .cls-thumbs-down { fill: #fff; } </style> </defs>  <g> <g id="Layer_1"> <path class="cls-thumbs-down" d="M9.4,16.2v4.9c0,2,1.6,3.7,3.7,3.7l4.9-11V.3H4.2c-1.2,0-2.3.9-2.5,2.1L0,13.4c-.2,1.3.7,2.6,2.1,2.8.1,0,.3,0,.4,0h6.9ZM18.7.3h3c1.4,0,2.5,1.1,2.5,2.5v8.6c0,1.4-1.1,2.5-2.5,2.5h-2.9"/> </g> </g> </svg> </div> </div> <a class="feedback-message" id="give-feedback" target="_BLANK" href="https://docs.digitalocean.com/feedback">Give Feedback</a></div> </div> </div> <div id="body-inner"> <h1> Glossary Home </h1> <div class="article-meta article-meta--header"> Generated on 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="dynamic-view-wrap"> <h2 id="genai-platform">GenAI Platform</h2> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Agent-Instructions"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/agent-instructions/" >Agent Instructions</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Agent instructions are a plain language model setting that establish to your agent what its objective is, how it should behave, and any other rules you want it to follow.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Generative-Artificial-Intelligence-(AI)"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/gen-ai/" >Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI)</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) are machine learning models that use different types of transformer or diffusion-based models to analyze knowledge bases and, based on a large corpus of data, can mimic its patterns to produce new content, such as text, images, and music.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="K-Value"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/k-value/" >K-Value</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> K-Value is a semantic search setting that determines how many objects your model can return from knowledge base queries.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Max-Tokens"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/max-tokens/" >Max Tokens</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Max tokens is a model setting that determines the maximum number of tokens that the model can generate in its responses. It ranges from 0 to 512, with 256 as a default.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Retrieval-Augmented-Generation-(RAG)"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/rag/" >Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG)</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) is a technique that enhances a model鈥檚 responses by integrating information from a Knowledge Base (KB). By referencing a KB, the model can generate responses that include data not originally part of its training, leading to more accurate and contextually relevant answers.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Temperature"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/temperature/" >Temperature</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Temperature is a model setting that determines how creative a model鈥檚 response is. Much like the Top P setting, it determines diversity. A lower temperature instructs the model to deviate less from its data, while a higher temperature allows the model to extrapolate more information and deviate from its data.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Token"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/token/" >Token</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A token is the basic unit of text or data that a foundational model processes. It can represent a word, part of a word, or even a single character.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Top-P"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/top-p/" >Top P</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Top P is a model setting that determines how many different phrases a model considers when it鈥檚 trying to predict the next string in an output.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Vector-Database"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/vector-database/" >Vector Database</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A vector database is a specialized database for storing, indexing, and querying high-dimensional data, commonly used in machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI). High-dimensional data represent objects like images or text in mathematical form, using vectors.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Vector-Embedding"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/vector-embedding/" >Vector Embedding</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Vector embedding is a way to represent data as a matrix of numbers in a high-dimensional space. This allows your model to understand the data, its meaning, and the relationships between different pieces of data.</div></div> </div> </div> <p>View <a href="/glossary/genai-platform/">all GenAI Platform glossary content</a>.</p><h2 id="paperspace-deployments">Paperspace Deployments</h2> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="CI/CD"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ci-cd/" >CI/CD</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Continuous integration and continuous delivery/deployment (CI/CD) encompass several automated processes commonly performed in software development, such as building, testing, and deploying a software application. CI/CD reduces human intervention during the maintenance processes of software applications.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Container"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/container/" >Container</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A container is a single running instance of a service, worker, or static site resource that you have shipped on App Platform, and is in essence a live, runtime instance of an image (the artifact produced by the build process).</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="CPU"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/cpu/" >CPU</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A central processing unit, also called a processor or CPU, is an essential piece of computer hardware that executes the instructions from a computer program.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="cURL"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/curl/" >cURL</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Client URL (cURL) serves as a command-line tool and library for sending requests to and receiving responses from servers through <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a> protocols. It is often used to troubleshoot or test responses from servers and APIs.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Daemon"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/daemons/" >Daemon</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Daemon is a program performs system administration such as <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a> communications, system monitoring, log management, and job scheduling in the background of Unix operation systems (OS).</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="DDoS-Attack"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ddos-attack/" >DDoS Attack</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> In a denial-of-service (DoS) attack, a threat actor renders information systems, devices, or other network resources inaccessible by overwhelming the target with malicious traffic. A distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack is a type of DoS attack where the overloading traffic originates from multiple attacking machines, amplifying the severity of the attack.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Endpoint"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/endpoint/" >Endpoint</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> An endpoint is a specific URL or <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a> address that a client device or application uses to interact with a server or service. Most internet connected apps and websites communicate with endpoints to retrieve information, process user interactions, and perform other processes. For example, when you open a weather app on your phone, the weather app requests for the latest forecast information from a server endpoint.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Environment-Variable"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/environment-variable/" >Environment Variable</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> An environment variable is a in-memory key/value pair that developers use to store configuration details about their app.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Ephemeral-File"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ephemeral/" >Ephemeral File</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Ephemeral files are temporary files used for program execution and tasks.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Epoch"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/epoch/" >Epoch</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> An epoch is a single iteration through a dataset when training a machine learning model.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Gradient-Deployments"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/gradient-deployments/" >Gradient Deployments</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Gradient deployment allows machine learning models as a model as a service where the model is placed in a special container where the model performs the same way every time it is used.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Gradient-Model"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/gradient-model/" >Gradient Model</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A Gradient model is a scalable trained machine learning or deep learning model.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Gradient-Volume"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/gradient-volume/" >Gradient Volume</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Gradient volume is a special storage for storing datasets, models, and project files. It allows users to keep track of data changes over time as well as saves backups of the data.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Graphics-Processing-Unit-(GPU)"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/gpu/" >Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) is a specialized processor meant to accelerate graphics rendering or processing complex mathematical calculations such as during machine learning training.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Handshake"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/handshake/" >Handshake</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A handshake is the authentication process between two networked devices to ensure that both devices are who they claim to be.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Health-Check"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/health-check/" >Health Check</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A health check is a scheduled HTTP or TCP request that you can configure to run on a repeating basis to ensure that a service is healthy.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Hypervisor"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/hypervisor/" >Hypervisor</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A hypervisor is a virtual machine monitor (VMM) that allows multiple operating systems to run simultaneously on one host computer.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="IP"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ip/" >IP</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> The Internet Protocol (IP) is a communications protocol used to connect computers across a <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a>, specifically the internet. IP consists of rules and regulations for transmission of packets across a network including routing and addressing. IP ensures that the packets of data that travel across a network arrive at the correct location.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Key"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/key/" >Key</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A key, or bucket key, is a unique data key for objects in a bucket.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Machine-Types"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/machine-types/" >Machine Types</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Machine type is the set of virtualized hardware resources used for a <a href="/glossary/vm/">virtual machine (VM)</a> instance.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Network"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/network/" >Network</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A network is a collection interconnected servers or computers that communicate and share resources amongst each other.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Notebook"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/notebook/" >Notebook</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A notebook is a virtual environment where code is sequentially written and executed.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Operating-System-Template"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/template/" >Operating System Template</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> An Operating System Template or Machine is a disk image of a pre-designed or pre-configured version of a machine.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Port"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/port/" >Port</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A port is a communication endpoint of a <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a> connection. A port is identified using a port number for each transport protocol.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="RAM"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ram/" >RAM</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Random-Access Memory, or RAM, is a memory storage made to store and access memory on a short-term basis.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Runtime-Environment"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/runtime-environ/" >Runtime Environment</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A runtime environment is an execution environment for deploying and running applications. Runtime environments contain the necessary applications, dependencies, and operating system to run an application. For example, when you <a href="/products/app-platform/getting-started/quickstart/#create-an-app">create an app on App Platform</a>, App Platform inspects the code and app resources, and then selects the appropriate runtime environment, such as Node, to run the app in.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="S3-Compatible-Object-Storage"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/s3/" >S3-Compatible Object Storage</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> S3-Compatible Object Storage, or S3 is a storage solution that uses the S3 API.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Software-Development-Kit-(SDK)"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/sdk/" >Software Development Kit (SDK)</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Software Development Kit (SDK) is a set of software tools and programs designed for a specific service or system.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Symmetric-Ciphers"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/symmetric-ciphers/" >Symmetric Ciphers</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Symmetric ciphers use the same <a href="/glossary/key/">key</a> for encrypting and decrypting data.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Two-Factor-Authentication-(2FA)"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/two-factor-authentication/" >Two-Factor Authentication (2FA)</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Two-factor authentication (2FA) is form of authentication that requires two forms of verification before authorizing access to a user. 2FA increases security because the resource is inaccessible even if one factor, like a password, gets compromised.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Workflow"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/workflow/" >Workflow</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> In machine learning, a workflow is a set of processes working towards a certain objective.</div></div> </div> </div> <p>View <a href="/glossary/deployments/">all Paperspace Deployments glossary content</a>.</p><h2 id="paperspace-machines">Paperspace Machines</h2> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Advanced-Encryption-Standard-(AES)"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/aes/" >Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is a symmetric encryption algorithm.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Bare-Metal"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/bare-metal/" >Bare Metal</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Bare metal is a physical server in Paperspace that is dedicated exclusively to a single user without any virtualization layer.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="CI/CD"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ci-cd/" >CI/CD</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Continuous integration and continuous delivery/deployment (CI/CD) encompass several automated processes commonly performed in software development, such as building, testing, and deploying a software application. CI/CD reduces human intervention during the maintenance processes of software applications.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Client-Library"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/client-library/" >Client Library</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A client library is a collection of code that helps to interact with a particular API.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Compute-Unified-Device-Architecture-(CUDA)"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/cuda/" >Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA)</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) is an API created by NVIDIA for parallel computing.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Core-Machine"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/core-machine/" >Core Machine</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A Core Machine in Paperspace is a Linux or Window-based <a href="/glossary/vm/">virtual machine (VM)</a>. The Core Machine runs on top of virtualized hardware.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="CPU"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/cpu/" >CPU</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A central processing unit, also called a processor or CPU, is an essential piece of computer hardware that executes the instructions from a computer program.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="cURL"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/curl/" >cURL</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Client URL (cURL) serves as a command-line tool and library for sending requests to and receiving responses from servers through <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a> protocols. It is often used to troubleshoot or test responses from servers and APIs.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Daemon"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/daemons/" >Daemon</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Daemon is a program performs system administration such as <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a> communications, system monitoring, log management, and job scheduling in the background of Unix operation systems (OS).</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="DDoS-Attack"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ddos-attack/" >DDoS Attack</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> In a denial-of-service (DoS) attack, a threat actor renders information systems, devices, or other network resources inaccessible by overwhelming the target with malicious traffic. A distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack is a type of DoS attack where the overloading traffic originates from multiple attacking machines, amplifying the severity of the attack.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Endpoint"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/endpoint/" >Endpoint</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> An endpoint is a specific URL or <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a> address that a client device or application uses to interact with a server or service. Most internet connected apps and websites communicate with endpoints to retrieve information, process user interactions, and perform other processes. For example, when you open a weather app on your phone, the weather app requests for the latest forecast information from a server endpoint.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Environment-Variable"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/environment-variable/" >Environment Variable</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> An environment variable is a in-memory key/value pair that developers use to store configuration details about their app.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Ephemeral-File"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ephemeral/" >Ephemeral File</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Ephemeral files are temporary files used for program execution and tasks.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Epoch"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/epoch/" >Epoch</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> An epoch is a single iteration through a dataset when training a machine learning model.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Gateway"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/gateway/" >Gateway</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A gateway is a server or router that provides access to networks from other networks or the public internet.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Gradient-Model"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/gradient-model/" >Gradient Model</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A Gradient model is a scalable trained machine learning or deep learning model.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Graphics-Processing-Unit-(GPU)"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/gpu/" >Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) is a specialized processor meant to accelerate graphics rendering or processing complex mathematical calculations such as during machine learning training.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Handshake"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/handshake/" >Handshake</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A handshake is the authentication process between two networked devices to ensure that both devices are who they claim to be.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Hypervisor"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/hypervisor/" >Hypervisor</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A hypervisor is a virtual machine monitor (VMM) that allows multiple operating systems to run simultaneously on one host computer.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="ICMP"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/icmp/" >ICMP</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is a <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a> layer protocol used to diagnose problems between devices within a network.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="IP"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ip/" >IP</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> The Internet Protocol (IP) is a communications protocol used to connect computers across a <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a>, specifically the internet. IP consists of rules and regulations for transmission of packets across a network including routing and addressing. IP ensures that the packets of data that travel across a network arrive at the correct location.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="IPv4"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ipv4/" >IPv4</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> IPv4, or Internet Protocol version 4, is a networking protocol that maps 32-bit IP addresses to devices on a <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a>. IPv4 routes most of the network traffic on the internet.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/ipv6.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="IPv6"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ipv6/" >IPv6</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> IPv6, or Internet Protocol version 6, is a networking protocol that maps IP addresses to devices on a <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a>. IPv6 is the most recent version of the IP protocol and greatly expands the available address space compared to <a href="/glossary/ipv4/">IPv4</a>.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Key"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/key/" >Key</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A key, or bucket key, is a unique data key for objects in a bucket.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Machine-Types"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/machine-types/" >Machine Types</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Machine type is the set of virtualized hardware resources used for a <a href="/glossary/vm/">virtual machine (VM)</a> instance.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Network"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/network/" >Network</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A network is a collection interconnected servers or computers that communicate and share resources amongst each other.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Network-File-System-(NFS)"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/nfs/" >Network File System (NFS)</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Network File System (NFS) is a distributed file system protocol that allows a user access to files within a computer over a <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a>.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="NVLink"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/nvlink/" >NVLink</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> NVLink is a scalable interlink created by NVIDIA which connects multiple <a href="/glossary/gpu/">GPUs</a> at a high speed across either a single or multiple system(s).</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Operating-System-Template"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/template/" >Operating System Template</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> An Operating System Template or Machine is a disk image of a pre-designed or pre-configured version of a machine.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="OS"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/os/" >OS</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> An operating system, or OS, is a system software that manages computer hardware and software resources, such as Windows, macOS, or Linux.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Peering"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/peering/" >Peering</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Peering is when two Internet networks connect via Internet Service Providers (ISP) and exchange traffic directly without having to pay for a third party to carry the traffic.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Port"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/port/" >Port</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A port is a communication endpoint of a <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a> connection. A port is identified using a port number for each transport protocol.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="RAM"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ram/" >RAM</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Random-Access Memory, or RAM, is a memory storage made to store and access memory on a short-term basis.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Remote-Desktop-Protocol-(RDP)"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/rdp/" >Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) is a proprietary protocol developed by Microsoft that is used to provide users the ability to connect to another computer through a graphical interface remotely over a <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a>.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Runtime-Environment"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/runtime-environ/" >Runtime Environment</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A runtime environment is an execution environment for deploying and running applications. Runtime environments contain the necessary applications, dependencies, and operating system to run an application. For example, when you <a href="/products/app-platform/getting-started/quickstart/#create-an-app">create an app on App Platform</a>, App Platform inspects the code and app resources, and then selects the appropriate runtime environment, such as Node, to run the app in.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="S3-Compatible-Object-Storage"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/s3/" >S3-Compatible Object Storage</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> S3-Compatible Object Storage, or S3 is a storage solution that uses the S3 API.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="SSD"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ssd/" >SSD</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A solid-state drive, or SSD, is a persistent data storage device. SSDs use flash memory, which significantly improves latency and I/O performance over older, electromechanical hard disk drives (HDDs).</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="SSH"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ssh/" >SSH</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> SSH (Secure Shell Protocol) is a method to secure remote logins and communications from one computer to another which provides strong authentication and protects communication through strong encryption.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Symmetric-Ciphers"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/symmetric-ciphers/" >Symmetric Ciphers</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Symmetric ciphers use the same <a href="/glossary/key/">key</a> for encrypting and decrypting data.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Two-Factor-Authentication-(2FA)"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/two-factor-authentication/" >Two-Factor Authentication (2FA)</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Two-factor authentication (2FA) is form of authentication that requires two forms of verification before authorizing access to a user. 2FA increases security because the resource is inaccessible even if one factor, like a password, gets compromised.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="vCPU"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/vcpu/" >vCPU</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A virtual central processing unit, virtual processor, or vCPU is a physical <a href="/glossary/cpu/">CPU</a> assigned to a <a href="/glossary/vm/">virtual machine (VM)</a>.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Virtual-Machine"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/vm/" >Virtual Machine</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A virtual machine, or VM, is a self-contained virtualization of an operating system.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Virtual-Network-Computing-(VNC)"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/vnc/" >Virtual Network Computing (VNC)</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Virtual Network Computing (VNC) is a program that shares desktops remotely using the Remote Frame Buffer protocol (RFB). VNC allows a remote user to control another computer through RFB protocol.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Virtual-Private-Network-(VPN)"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/vpn/" >Virtual Private Network (VPN)</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Virtual Private Networks (VPN) are used create a private and secure connection to the public Internet.</div></div> </div> </div> <p>View <a href="/glossary/machines/">all Paperspace Machines glossary content</a>.</p><h2 id="paperspace-notebooks">Paperspace Notebooks</h2> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="CI/CD"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ci-cd/" >CI/CD</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Continuous integration and continuous delivery/deployment (CI/CD) encompass several automated processes commonly performed in software development, such as building, testing, and deploying a software application. CI/CD reduces human intervention during the maintenance processes of software applications.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Compute-Unified-Device-Architecture-(CUDA)"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/cuda/" >Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA)</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) is an API created by NVIDIA for parallel computing.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Container"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/container/" >Container</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A container is a single running instance of a service, worker, or static site resource that you have shipped on App Platform, and is in essence a live, runtime instance of an image (the artifact produced by the build process).</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="CPU"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/cpu/" >CPU</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A central processing unit, also called a processor or CPU, is an essential piece of computer hardware that executes the instructions from a computer program.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="cURL"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/curl/" >cURL</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Client URL (cURL) serves as a command-line tool and library for sending requests to and receiving responses from servers through <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a> protocols. It is often used to troubleshoot or test responses from servers and APIs.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Daemon"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/daemons/" >Daemon</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Daemon is a program performs system administration such as <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a> communications, system monitoring, log management, and job scheduling in the background of Unix operation systems (OS).</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="DDoS-Attack"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ddos-attack/" >DDoS Attack</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> In a denial-of-service (DoS) attack, a threat actor renders information systems, devices, or other network resources inaccessible by overwhelming the target with malicious traffic. A distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack is a type of DoS attack where the overloading traffic originates from multiple attacking machines, amplifying the severity of the attack.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Endpoint"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/endpoint/" >Endpoint</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> An endpoint is a specific URL or <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a> address that a client device or application uses to interact with a server or service. Most internet connected apps and websites communicate with endpoints to retrieve information, process user interactions, and perform other processes. For example, when you open a weather app on your phone, the weather app requests for the latest forecast information from a server endpoint.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Environment-Variable"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/environment-variable/" >Environment Variable</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> An environment variable is a in-memory key/value pair that developers use to store configuration details about their app.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Ephemeral-File"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ephemeral/" >Ephemeral File</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Ephemeral files are temporary files used for program execution and tasks.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Epoch"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/epoch/" >Epoch</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> An epoch is a single iteration through a dataset when training a machine learning model.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Gradient-Deployments"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/gradient-deployments/" >Gradient Deployments</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Gradient deployment allows machine learning models as a model as a service where the model is placed in a special container where the model performs the same way every time it is used.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Gradient-Model"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/gradient-model/" >Gradient Model</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A Gradient model is a scalable trained machine learning or deep learning model.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Gradient-Volume"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/gradient-volume/" >Gradient Volume</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Gradient volume is a special storage for storing datasets, models, and project files. It allows users to keep track of data changes over time as well as saves backups of the data.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Graphics-Processing-Unit-(GPU)"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/gpu/" >Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) is a specialized processor meant to accelerate graphics rendering or processing complex mathematical calculations such as during machine learning training.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Handshake"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/handshake/" >Handshake</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A handshake is the authentication process between two networked devices to ensure that both devices are who they claim to be.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Health-Check"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/health-check/" >Health Check</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A health check is a scheduled HTTP or TCP request that you can configure to run on a repeating basis to ensure that a service is healthy.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Hypervisor"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/hypervisor/" >Hypervisor</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A hypervisor is a virtual machine monitor (VMM) that allows multiple operating systems to run simultaneously on one host computer.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Kernel"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/kernel/" >Kernel</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A kernel is an intermediary component of an operating system that manages resources between the computer hardware and software.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Key"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/key/" >Key</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A key, or bucket key, is a unique data key for objects in a bucket.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Machine-Types"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/machine-types/" >Machine Types</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Machine type is the set of virtualized hardware resources used for a <a href="/glossary/vm/">virtual machine (VM)</a> instance.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Network"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/network/" >Network</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A network is a collection interconnected servers or computers that communicate and share resources amongst each other.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Network-File-System-(NFS)"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/nfs/" >Network File System (NFS)</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Network File System (NFS) is a distributed file system protocol that allows a user access to files within a computer over a <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a>.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Notebook"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/notebook/" >Notebook</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A notebook is a virtual environment where code is sequentially written and executed.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Operating-System-Template"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/template/" >Operating System Template</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> An Operating System Template or Machine is a disk image of a pre-designed or pre-configured version of a machine.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Persistent-Storage"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/persistent-storage/" >Persistent Storage</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Persistent storage is a data storage within a device that retains the data even when the device is offline.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Port"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/port/" >Port</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A port is a communication endpoint of a <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a> connection. A port is identified using a port number for each transport protocol.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="RAM"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ram/" >RAM</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Random-Access Memory, or RAM, is a memory storage made to store and access memory on a short-term basis.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Runtime-Environment"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/runtime-environ/" >Runtime Environment</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A runtime environment is an execution environment for deploying and running applications. Runtime environments contain the necessary applications, dependencies, and operating system to run an application. For example, when you <a href="/products/app-platform/getting-started/quickstart/#create-an-app">create an app on App Platform</a>, App Platform inspects the code and app resources, and then selects the appropriate runtime environment, such as Node, to run the app in.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="S3-Compatible-Object-Storage"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/s3/" >S3-Compatible Object Storage</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> S3-Compatible Object Storage, or S3 is a storage solution that uses the S3 API.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Software-Development-Kit-(SDK)"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/sdk/" >Software Development Kit (SDK)</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Software Development Kit (SDK) is a set of software tools and programs designed for a specific service or system.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="SSH"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ssh/" >SSH</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> SSH (Secure Shell Protocol) is a method to secure remote logins and communications from one computer to another which provides strong authentication and protects communication through strong encryption.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="SSL-Certificate"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ssl-certificate/" >SSL Certificate</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> SSL certificate is a digital document outlining the identity of the website.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Symmetric-Ciphers"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/symmetric-ciphers/" >Symmetric Ciphers</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Symmetric ciphers use the same <a href="/glossary/key/">key</a> for encrypting and decrypting data.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="TLS"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/tls/" >TLS</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Transport Layer Security (TLS) is a security protocol focused on privacy and data security for communication across the internet.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Two-Factor-Authentication-(2FA)"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/two-factor-authentication/" >Two-Factor Authentication (2FA)</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Two-factor authentication (2FA) is form of authentication that requires two forms of verification before authorizing access to a user. 2FA increases security because the resource is inaccessible even if one factor, like a password, gets compromised.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="vCPU"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/vcpu/" >vCPU</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A virtual central processing unit, virtual processor, or vCPU is a physical <a href="/glossary/cpu/">CPU</a> assigned to a <a href="/glossary/vm/">virtual machine (VM)</a>.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Virtual-Machine"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/vm/" >Virtual Machine</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A virtual machine, or VM, is a self-contained virtualization of an operating system.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Virtual-Private-Network-(VPN)"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/vpn/" >Virtual Private Network (VPN)</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Virtual Private Networks (VPN) are used create a private and secure connection to the public Internet.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Workflow"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/workflow/" >Workflow</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> In machine learning, a workflow is a set of processes working towards a certain objective.</div></div> </div> </div> <p>View <a href="/glossary/notebooks/">all Paperspace Notebooks glossary content</a>.</p><h2 id="paperspace-workflows">Paperspace Workflows</h2> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Action"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/action/" >Action</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> An Action is a self-contained, composable set of code building blocks that can perform specific actions within a machine learning project. Actions can receive parameters (e.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Job"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/job/" >Job</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A Job is a self-contained part of a workflow spec that is similar to an Argo step. Jobs can define inputs, outputs, and their own environment variables.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Workflow"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/workflow/" >Workflow</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A Workflow is a named or unnamed entity that belongs to a team and project. Named workflows can be re-run with a default workflow spec, or be passed a new spec every time.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Workflow-Run"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/workflow-run/" >Workflow Run</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Workflow Run: the implementation of a workflow The most basic run requires a workflowId and clusterId - most also include a workflow spec, and the inputs to be passed into the workflow The workflow run contains everything needed for the workflow to actually be executed, that is, what (workflowId), where (clusterId), how (workflowSpec), with (inputs, etc.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Workflow-Spec"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/workflow-spec/" >Workflow Spec</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A Workflow Spec is a YAML list of jobs that is converted into an Argo template and run on the Gradient distributed runtime engine.</div></div> </div> </div> <p>View <a href="/glossary/workflows/">all Paperspace Workflows glossary content</a>.</p><h2 id="uptime">Uptime</h2> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Alert-Interval"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/alert-interval/" >Alert Interval</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> An alert interval is the period of time that average usage must exceed a threshold before triggering an alert.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Alerting"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/alert/" >Alerting</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Alerting within a computer monitoring system is the ability to send notifications when certain metrics fall outside of expected ranges.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Health-Check"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/health-check/" >Health Check</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A health check is a scheduled HTTP or TCP request that you can configure to run on a repeating basis to ensure that a service is healthy.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="ICMP"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/icmp/" >ICMP</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is a <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a> layer protocol used to diagnose problems between devices within a network.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/monitoring.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Monitoring"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/monitoring/" >Monitoring</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> In computing, monitoring is the process of gathering and visualizing data to improve awareness of system health and minimize response time when usage is outside of expected levels.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="SSL-Certificate"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ssl-certificate/" >SSL Certificate</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> SSL certificate is a digital document outlining the identity of the website.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Threshold"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/threshold/" >Threshold</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> In alerting, a threshold is a value that defines the boundary between normal and abnormal usage.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Trend"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/trend/" >Trend</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A trend indicates a general tendency in a data set over time. Trends are useful for recognizing changes and for predicting future behavior.</div></div> </div> </div> <p>View <a href="/glossary/uptime/">all Uptime glossary content</a>.</p><h2 id="app-platform">App Platform</h2> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Personal-Access-Token"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/access-token/" >Personal Access Token</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A personal access token (PAT) lets a user authenticate to a service in order to access or act on protected resources. PATs can be an alternative to a password, often in automation and other programmatic use cases.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Access-Control-Allow-Origin"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/allow-origin/" >Access-Control-Allow-Origin</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> <code>Access-Control-Allow-Origin</code> is an HTTP response header stating whether the application or source requesting access is allowed to access the response content. This header is part of the Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) policy.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="App-Spec"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/app-spec/" >App Spec</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> The application specification, or app spec, is a YAML manifest that declaratively states everything about your App Platform app, including each resource and all of your app’s <a href="/glossary/environment-variable/">environment variables</a> and configuration variables.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Bucket"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/bucket/" >Bucket</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A bucket is a public cloud storage resource or <a href="/glossary/container/">container</a> that stores objects or data.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Build-and-Run-Command"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/command/" >Build and Run Command</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> The build command is the command-line statement that compiles your app resource at build time.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Buildpack"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/buildpack/" >Buildpack</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A buildpack is an open-source script that compiles apps as <a href="/glossary/container/">container</a> images for a given programming language.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="CDN"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/cdn/" >CDN</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A content delivery network, also known as a content distribution network or CDN, is a geographically-distributed <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a> of servers that deliver static content to users.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Certificate-Authority-(CA)"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ca/" >Certificate Authority (CA)</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A certificate authority (CA) issues and manages digital certificates used in public key infrastructures (PKI). CAs verify the authenticity of entities or identities requesting certificates. CA ensures data encryption, secure online transactions across networks, and protects users’ privacy and security.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="CI/CD"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ci-cd/" >CI/CD</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Continuous integration and continuous delivery/deployment (CI/CD) encompass several automated processes commonly performed in software development, such as building, testing, and deploying a software application. CI/CD reduces human intervention during the maintenance processes of software applications.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Cluster"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/cluster/" >Cluster</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A cluster is a group of servers or nodes working together within a <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a> as a system to perform specific tasks.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="CNAME-Record"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/cname-record/" >CNAME Record</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> CNAME records, or Canonical Name records, map an alias name to a canonical domain name.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Connection-Pooling"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/connection-pool/" >Connection Pooling</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Connection pooling is a cache of database connections used for future requests to the database as required.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Connection-String"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/connection-string/" >Connection String</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A connection string is a string of characters that provides necessary information and parameters to establish a connection between a software application and the database. Connection strings are considered sensitive information and we recommend handling them securely, such as by avoiding hardcoding the string into the application’s code or configuration files.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Console"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/console/" >Console</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> The console is an in-browser command-line terminal whose shell context is a running <a href="/glossary/container/">container</a> instance for a given resource.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Container"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/container/" >Container</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A container is a single running instance of a service, worker, or static site resource that you have shipped on App Platform, and is in essence a live, runtime instance of an image (the artifact produced by the build process).</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="CORS"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/cors/" >CORS</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) is a mechanism that permits loading resources on other origins, such as a domain, protocol, or <a href="/glossary/port/">port</a>, via HTTP headers.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="CPU"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/cpu/" >CPU</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A central processing unit, also called a processor or CPU, is an essential piece of computer hardware that executes the instructions from a computer program.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="cURL"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/curl/" >cURL</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Client URL (cURL) serves as a command-line tool and library for sending requests to and receiving responses from servers through <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a> protocols. It is often used to troubleshoot or test responses from servers and APIs.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Database"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/database/" >Database</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Databases come in two forms in App Platform: dev databases, which are not intended for production use, and managed databases, which are instances of a DigitalOcean managed database that you have created outside of App Platform and would like to use in production.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Dockerfile"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/docker-file/" >Dockerfile</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A Dockerfile is a text file that contains instructions and details required to build a Docker image, such as the environment and configuration parameters.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/doctl.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="doctl"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/doctl/" >doctl</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> <code>doctl</code> (pronounced “dock-tul”, and short for “DigitalOcean Control”) is the official command-line interface for the DigitalOcean API.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Edge-Server"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/edge-server/" >Edge Server</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> An edge server or edge node is a <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a> server located at the edge of a network, close to the end-user devices. An edge server processes data, analytics, and computations near the data source, resulting in reduced latency and faster response times.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Endpoint"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/endpoint/" >Endpoint</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> An endpoint is a specific URL or <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a> address that a client device or application uses to interact with a server or service. Most internet connected apps and websites communicate with endpoints to retrieve information, process user interactions, and perform other processes. For example, when you open a weather app on your phone, the weather app requests for the latest forecast information from a server endpoint.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Environment-Variable"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/environment-variable/" >Environment Variable</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> An environment variable is a in-memory key/value pair that developers use to store configuration details about their app.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Ephemeral-File"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ephemeral/" >Ephemeral File</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Ephemeral files are temporary files used for program execution and tasks.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Failover"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/failover/" >Failover</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Failover is a high availability (HA) mechanism that monitors servers for failures and reroutes traffic or operations to a redundant server when the primary server fails.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="gVisor-Container-Runtime-Sandbox"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/gvisor/" >gVisor Container Runtime Sandbox</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A gVisor <a href="/glossary/container/">container</a> runtime sandbox is an environment of processes to run containers. Each sandbox has its own isolated instance of Sentry and Gofer.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Hash"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/hash/" >Hash</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> <p>A hash is a fixed-sized string created by applying a hash function to data. A hash can be used in many different applications for various purposes but are often used to encrypt SSH keys or create unique numerical values that can act as identifiers for data resources.</p> <p>For example, hashes are used to reference code changes, called commits, in GitHub and other code repository services. <a href="/products/container-registry/">DigitalOcean’s Container Registry</a> also uses hashes to create digests for each version of an image stored in a registry. An example hash created with the SHA algorithm looks like this: <code>3479436528b6961f29e22576d76787b6e5262761</code></p></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Health-Check"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/health-check/" >Health Check</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A health check is a scheduled HTTP or TCP request that you can configure to run on a repeating basis to ensure that a service is healthy.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="High-Availability"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ha/" >High Availability</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> High Availability (HA) is an approach to infrastructure design focusing on reducing downtime and eliminating single points of failure.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="HTTP-Port"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/http-port/" >HTTP Port</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> The HTTP port is the <a href="/glossary/port/">port</a> at which your service is listening for incoming HTTP requests.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="HTTP-Route"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/http-route/" >HTTP Route</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> The HTTP route for a service is the publicly-accessible directory path that maps to the root of your service.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Image"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/image/" >Image</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A <a href="/glossary/container/">container</a> image, Docker image, or image, is a static file containing executable code that cannot be changed.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Insights-Dashboard"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/insights/" >Insights Dashboard</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> The Insights Dashboard in App Platform helps you monitor the resource usage for your app.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Job"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/job/" >Job</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> In App Platform, a job is a type of resource that is running server-side code written in a supported programming language, such as Python, Ruby, Go, Node.js, or PHP, and is not internet-accessible.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Load-Balancer"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/load-balancer/" >Load Balancer</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A load balancer distributes traffic across a backend pool of servers to improve the stability and responsiveness of an application.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Log-Forwarding"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/log-forwarding/" >Log Forwarding</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Log forwarding is the process of transmitting log data from various sources towards a centralized log management system. DigitalOcean offers log forwarding for <a href="/products/app-platform/how-to/forward-logs/">App Platform</a>, <a href="/products/kubernetes/">Kubernetes</a>, and <a href="/products/functions/how-to/forward-logs/">Functions</a>.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Logs"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/logs/" >Logs</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Logs are captures of the standard output stream that you can inspect for information about activity related to your app.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Main-Node"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/main-node/" >Main Node</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A main node is a unified endpoint within a <a href="/glossary/cluster/">cluster</a> which oversees activity on each node.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Monorepo"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/monorepo/" >Monorepo</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A monorepo is a software development approach that organizes multiple projects or components into a single repository.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Name-Server"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/nameserver/" >Name Server</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A name server is a Domain Name System (DNS) server that serves DNS records for a domain. DNS records are often used to specify server IP addresses for domains.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="PaaS"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/paas/" >PaaS</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Platform as a Service (PaaS) is a type of cloud service that offers deployment platforms to build, deploy, and scale applications on a subscription basis.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Push-to-deploy-Support"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/push-to-deploy/" >Push-to-deploy Support</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Push-to-deploy support enables you to automatically deploy site live once code is pushed to the GitHub repository using GitHub Actions.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Region"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/region/" >Region</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A region is a physical location in the world where DigitalOcean has a datacenter.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Relational-Database"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/relational-db/" >Relational Database</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Relational database is a type of database that organizes data in tables with predefined relationships. These tables consist of rows (records) and columns (attributes).</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Resource"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/resource/" >Resource</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A resource in App Platform is any deployable, billable, runtime software element in your app.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="RESTful-API"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/restful-api/" >RESTful API</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> REST is an approach to building APIs with a set of architectural constraints that make them faster, simpler, and more standardized. RESTful APIs follow the principles built around unique URL and URI resources. RESTful APIs enable caching, scalability, and stateless communication with all of the necessary information in each request.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Runtime-Environment"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/runtime-environ/" >Runtime Environment</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A runtime environment is an execution environment for deploying and running applications. Runtime environments contain the necessary applications, dependencies, and operating system to run an application. For example, when you <a href="/products/app-platform/getting-started/quickstart/#create-an-app">create an app on App Platform</a>, App Platform inspects the code and app resources, and then selects the appropriate runtime environment, such as Node, to run the app in.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Scaling"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/scaling/" >Scaling</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Scaling is the process of adding more capacity to a resource in your app.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Service"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/service/" >Service</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> In App Platform, a service is a type of resource that is accessible via public or internal ports, and running server-side code written in a supported programming language, such as Python, Ruby, Go, Node.js, or PHP.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Standby-Node"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/standby/" >Standby Node</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A standby node is a node that is set aside idling on <a href="/glossary/hotstandby/">hot standby</a>.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Stateful"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/stateful/" >Stateful</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Stateful systems or applications maintain and rely on state or data associated with previous interactions or events.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Static-Site"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/static-site/" >Static Site</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> In App Platform, a static site is a type of resource that only consists of a build process that produces static assets.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="syslog"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/syslog/" >syslog</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> <p>syslog is a standardized protocol and message logging system that collects, transmits, and stores log messages from computer systems and <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a> devices.</p> <p>An open source tool, <a href="https://github.com/digitalocean/captainslog"><code>captainslog</code></a> is a syslog protocol tool.</p></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Tag"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/tag/" >Tag</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Tags are keywords associated with DigitalOcean resources. You can use tags to organize and manage resources.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="TLS"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/tls/" >TLS</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Transport Layer Security (TLS) is a security protocol focused on privacy and data security for communication across the internet.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Top-Level-Domain-(TLD)"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/tld/" >Top-Level Domain (TLD)</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> <p>Top-Level Domain (TLD) is the highest level within the hierarchical domain name system (DNS) structure, such as the <code>.com</code> portion of <code>example.com</code>. DigitalOcean supports most publicly recognized TLDs when <a href="/products/networking/dns/how-to/add-domains/">adding a domain to your account</a>.</p> <div class="notice notice-warning"> <div class="notice-header"><img alt="" src="/images/icons/notice/warning.c52d02a8dbb4c0a4d6bdcb67fb98039e648eb7e7d9f0bdb943b90b3c5a6db30e.svg" /> <span class="notice-title">Warning</span> </div> <div class="notice-content">App Platform does not support wildcard DNS records for any of the top-level domains (TLDs) listed on this <a href="https://knowledge.digicert.com/solution/Embargoed-Countries-and-Regions.html#:~:text=List%20of%20restricted%20Russia%20and%20Belarus%20TLDs%3A">DigiCert reference page</a>.</div> </div> <p><a href="/glossary/fqdn/">FQDN</a> has four components where one of the components is TLD.</p></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="TXT-Record"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/txt-record/" >TXT Record</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> TXT records, or text records, define text information about sources outside of a domain. Common use cases for TXT records include creating email security records (DKIM and SPF records) and providing additional information about a domain.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Uniform-Resource-Identifier-(URI)"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/uri/" >Uniform Resource Identifier (URI)</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Uniform Resource Identifier (<code>URI</code>) is a string of characters that identify and provide a means to access a resource on the Internet.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Wildcard-Record"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/wildcard-record/" >Wildcard Record</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Wildcard records are DNS records that direct requests for non-existent subdomains to a specified resource or IP address.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Worker"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/worker/" >Worker</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> In App Platform, a worker is a type of resource that is running server-side code written in a supported programming language, such as Python, Ruby, Go, Node.js, or PHP, and is not internet-accessible.</div></div> </div> </div> <p>View <a href="/glossary/app-platform/">all App Platform glossary content</a>.</p><h2 id="backups">Backups</h2> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Crash-Consistent-Backup"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/crash-consistent-backup/" >Crash-Consistent Backup</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A crash-consistent backup is a <a href="/glossary/disk-image/">disk image</a> that stores the state of a disk exactly as it was at a single point in time.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Disk-Image"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/disk-image/" >Disk Image</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Disk images are software copies of physical disks. Disk images save the data of a physical disk, like a hard drive, to one or more files.</div></div> </div> </div> <p>View <a href="/glossary/backups/">all Backups glossary content</a>.</p><h2 id="container-registry">Container Registry</h2> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Digest"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/digest/" >Digest</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A <a href="/glossary/container/">container</a> image digest, image digest, or digest, is a unique, immutable identifier for a container image to deploy.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Image"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/image/" >Image</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A <a href="/glossary/container/">container</a> image, Docker image, or image, is a static file containing executable code that cannot be changed.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Load-Balancer"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/load-balancer/" >Load Balancer</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A load balancer distributes traffic across a backend pool of servers to improve the stability and responsiveness of an application.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Manifest"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/manifest/" >Manifest</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A manifest file, or manifest, is a file containing metadata for a group of files that are part of a set unit.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Manifest-List"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/manifest-list/" >Manifest List</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A manifest list is a document that describes a <a href="/glossary/container/">container</a>’s contents, loading sequences, points of origin, and points of destination.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Namespace"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/namespace/" >Namespace</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A namespace is a collection of resources containing one or more functions hosted on the DigitalOcean Functions service.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Secret"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/secret/" >Secret</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Secrets are blobs of data, such as a password, which you do not want transmitted over a <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a> or stored unencrypted.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Tag"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/tag/" >Tag</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Tags are keywords associated with DigitalOcean resources. You can use tags to organize and manage resources.</div></div> </div> </div> <p>View <a href="/glossary/container-registry/">all Container Registry glossary content</a>.</p><h2 id="custom-images">Custom Images</h2> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="DHCP"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/dhcp/" >DHCP</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a> management protocol that automates the assignment of IP addresses.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Disk-Image"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/disk-image/" >Disk Image</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Disk images are software copies of physical disks. Disk images save the data of a physical disk, like a hard drive, to one or more files.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="ISO-Image"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/iso-image/" >ISO Image</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> An ISO image, or ISO file, is an exact copy of an optical disk, in a single file.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="qcow2"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/qcow2/" >qcow2</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> qcow2 is a disk image file format.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Tag"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/tag/" >Tag</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Tags are keywords associated with DigitalOcean resources. You can use tags to organize and manage resources.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="VDI"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/vdi/" >VDI</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI) is a system of desktop virtualization that hosts desktop environments on a centralized server.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="VMDK"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/vmdk/" >VMDK</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A virtual machine disk (VMDK) file is a virtual file format (<code>.vmdk</code>) for <a href="/glossary/container/">containers</a> of virtual hard disk drives.</div></div> </div> </div> <p>View <a href="/glossary/custom-images/">all Custom Images glossary content</a>.</p><h2 id="dns">DNS</h2> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="A-Record"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/a-record/" >A Record</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A records, or address records, map a domain name to an <a href="/glossary/ipv4/">IPv4 address</a>.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="AAAA-Record"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/aaaa-record/" >AAAA Record</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> AAAA records, or quad A records, map a domain name to an <a href="/glossary/ipv6/">IPv6 address</a>.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="CAA-Record"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/caa-record/" >CAA Record</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> CAA records, or Certification Authority Authorization records, provide additional confirmation for certification authorities (CAs) to validate or issue SSL certificates for a domain.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="CIDR-Notation"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/cidr/" >CIDR Notation</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Classless Inter-Domain Routing notation, or CIDR notation, is a method of representing an IP address network range.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="CNAME-Record"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/cname-record/" >CNAME Record</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> CNAME records, or Canonical Name records, map an alias name to a canonical domain name.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="DNS-Management"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/dns-management/" >DNS Management</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Domain Name System management, or DNS management, is the act of managing DNS records for a particular domain or set of domains. For example, you can add an A record to a domain like <code>example.com</code> that points the domain to a Droplet’s IP address. This means that whenever a user types in <code>example.com</code> into their browser, the browser connects to Droplet’s IP and returns any websites that might be hosted there.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="DNS-Query"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/dns-query/" >DNS Query</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A DNS query is a request for information from a DNS server.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="DNS-Record"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/dns-record/" >DNS Record</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> DNS records, or Domain Name System records, associate domain names with IP addresses and other information. Common types of DNS records include A records, AAAA records, MX records, and NS records.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="DNS-Server"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/dns-server/" >DNS Server</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A DNS server, also known as a DNS resolver, is a server that contains a database of public DNS records and their associated hostnames.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="IP"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ip/" >IP</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> The Internet Protocol (IP) is a communications protocol used to connect computers across a <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a>, specifically the internet. IP consists of rules and regulations for transmission of packets across a network including routing and addressing. IP ensures that the packets of data that travel across a network arrive at the correct location.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="MX-Record"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/mx-record/" >MX Record</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> MX records, or Mail Exchange records, define the mail servers responsible for accepting email on behalf of a domain.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="NS-Record"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ns-record/" >NS Record</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> NS records, or name server records, define which authoritative name servers contain the DNS records for a domain.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="PTR-Record"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ptr-record/" >PTR Record</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> PTR records, or pointer records (also known as reverse DNS or rDNS records), map an IP address to a domain name. PTR records are used for reverse DNS lookups.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="SRV-Record"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/srv-record/" >SRV Record</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> SRV records, or service records, define the location (host and <a href="/glossary/port/">port</a>) of specific services on a server. Some services, like <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Session_Initiation_Protocol">SIP</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XMPP">XMPP/Jabber</a>, require SRV records.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="SSL-Certificate"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ssl-certificate/" >SSL Certificate</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> SSL certificate is a digital document outlining the identity of the website.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Tag"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/tag/" >Tag</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Tags are keywords associated with DigitalOcean resources. You can use tags to organize and manage resources.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="TLS"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/tls/" >TLS</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Transport Layer Security (TLS) is a security protocol focused on privacy and data security for communication across the internet.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="TTL"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ttl/" >TTL</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> TTL, which stands for time to live, is the amount of time that a packet, DNS record, or other data exists before being discarded by a router. TTL limits the lifespan of data within a <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a> by attaching a time limit to data.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="TXT-Record"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/txt-record/" >TXT Record</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> TXT records, or text records, define text information about sources outside of a domain. Common use cases for TXT records include creating email security records (DKIM and SPF records) and providing additional information about a domain.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Wildcard-Record"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/wildcard-record/" >Wildcard Record</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Wildcard records are DNS records that direct requests for non-existent subdomains to a specified resource or IP address.</div></div> </div> </div> <p>View <a href="/glossary/dns/">all DNS glossary content</a>.</p><h2 id="droplets">Droplets</h2> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Container-Distribution"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/container-dist/" >Container Distribution</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A container distribution is a Linux-based operating system optimized for handling containerized applications.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="CPU"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/cpu/" >CPU</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A central processing unit, also called a processor or CPU, is an essential piece of computer hardware that executes the instructions from a computer program.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="DDoS-Attack"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ddos-attack/" >DDoS Attack</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> In a denial-of-service (DoS) attack, a threat actor renders information systems, devices, or other network resources inaccessible by overwhelming the target with malicious traffic. A distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack is a type of DoS attack where the overloading traffic originates from multiple attacking machines, amplifying the severity of the attack.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Endpoint"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/endpoint/" >Endpoint</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> An endpoint is a specific URL or <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a> address that a client device or application uses to interact with a server or service. Most internet connected apps and websites communicate with endpoints to retrieve information, process user interactions, and perform other processes. For example, when you open a weather app on your phone, the weather app requests for the latest forecast information from a server endpoint.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Hop"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/hop/" >Hop</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A hop is the travel of a packet from one <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a> to another, in order to get to a target destination.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Hypervisor"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/hypervisor/" >Hypervisor</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A hypervisor is a virtual machine monitor (VMM) that allows multiple operating systems to run simultaneously on one host computer.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="IP"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ip/" >IP</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> The Internet Protocol (IP) is a communications protocol used to connect computers across a <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a>, specifically the internet. IP consists of rules and regulations for transmission of packets across a network including routing and addressing. IP ensures that the packets of data that travel across a network arrive at the correct location.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/ipv6.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="IPv6"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ipv6/" >IPv6</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> IPv6, or Internet Protocol version 6, is a networking protocol that maps IP addresses to devices on a <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a>. IPv6 is the most recent version of the IP protocol and greatly expands the available address space compared to <a href="/glossary/ipv4/">IPv4</a>.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Linux"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/linux/" >Linux</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Linux is group of open-source operating systems (OS) based on the Linux kernel.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Mesh-VPN"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/mesh-vpn/" >Mesh VPN</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Mesh virtual private networks (Mesh VPNs) are a peer-to-peer architecture where every node or peer in the <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a> can connect directly to each other without a central <a href="/glossary/gateway/">gateway</a>.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Mounting"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/mounting/" >Mounting</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Mounting makes the data on a storage device, like <a href="/glossary/block-storage/">block storage</a>, available to the file system on a computer. Users on the computer can then read and write to mounted storage devices.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Multicast-IP-Routing"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/multicast-ip-routing/" >Multicast IP Routing</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Multicast internet protocol (IP) routing, or multicast traffic, is a protocol for distributing data to multiple recipients.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="NVMe"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/nvme/" >NVMe</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A non-volatile memory express, or NVMe for short, is an optimized and scalable storage protocol that connects a host system to its memory subsystems.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="OS"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/os/" >OS</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> An operating system, or OS, is a system software that manages computer hardware and software resources, such as Windows, macOS, or Linux.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Overlay-Network"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/overlay-network/" >Overlay Network</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> An overlay network is a <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a> where all the nodes correspond to nodes in an underlying network and are connected through logical or virtual links.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Packet-Loss"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/packet-loss/" >Packet Loss</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Packet loss is the situation when one or more packets (small pieces of data) do not make it to the targeted destination.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Port"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/port/" >Port</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A port is a communication endpoint of a <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a> connection. A port is identified using a port number for each transport protocol.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="PTR-Record"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ptr-record/" >PTR Record</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> PTR records, or pointer records (also known as reverse DNS or rDNS records), map an IP address to a domain name. PTR records are used for reverse DNS lookups.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="RAM"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ram/" >RAM</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Random-Access Memory, or RAM, is a memory storage made to store and access memory on a short-term basis.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="SSD"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ssd/" >SSD</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A solid-state drive, or SSD, is a persistent data storage device. SSDs use flash memory, which significantly improves latency and I/O performance over older, electromechanical hard disk drives (HDDs).</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="SSH"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ssh/" >SSH</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> SSH (Secure Shell Protocol) is a method to secure remote logins and communications from one computer to another which provides strong authentication and protects communication through strong encryption.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Tag"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/tag/" >Tag</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Tags are keywords associated with DigitalOcean resources. You can use tags to organize and manage resources.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="TCP"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/tcp/" >TCP</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a communication standard for programs and computing devices to exchange messages over a <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a>.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="UDP"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/udp/" >UDP</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> User Datagram Protocol, or UDP, is an established low-latency connection communication protocol between applications.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="vCPU"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/vcpu/" >vCPU</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A virtual central processing unit, virtual processor, or vCPU is a physical <a href="/glossary/cpu/">CPU</a> assigned to a <a href="/glossary/vm/">virtual machine (VM)</a>.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Virtual-Machine"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/vm/" >Virtual Machine</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A virtual machine, or VM, is a self-contained virtualization of an operating system.</div></div> </div> </div> <p>View <a href="/glossary/droplets/">all Droplets glossary content</a>.</p><h2 id="firewalls">Firewalls</h2> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="CIDR-Notation"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/cidr/" >CIDR Notation</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Classless Inter-Domain Routing notation, or CIDR notation, is a method of representing an IP address network range.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="ICMP"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/icmp/" >ICMP</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is a <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a> layer protocol used to diagnose problems between devices within a network.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Port"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/port/" >Port</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A port is a communication endpoint of a <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a> connection. A port is identified using a port number for each transport protocol.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Protocol"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/protocol/" >Protocol</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A protocol is a set of rules a client and server adhere to when exchanging data through the internet.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="SSH"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ssh/" >SSH</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> SSH (Secure Shell Protocol) is a method to secure remote logins and communications from one computer to another which provides strong authentication and protects communication through strong encryption.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Tag"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/tag/" >Tag</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Tags are keywords associated with DigitalOcean resources. You can use tags to organize and manage resources.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="TCP"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/tcp/" >TCP</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a communication standard for programs and computing devices to exchange messages over a <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a>.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="UDP"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/udp/" >UDP</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> User Datagram Protocol, or UDP, is an established low-latency connection communication protocol between applications.</div></div> </div> </div> <p>View <a href="/glossary/firewalls/">all Firewalls glossary content</a>.</p><h2 id="functions">Functions</h2> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="App-Spec"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/app-spec/" >App Spec</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> The application specification, or app spec, is a YAML manifest that declaratively states everything about your App Platform app, including each resource and all of your app’s <a href="/glossary/environment-variable/">environment variables</a> and configuration variables.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Environment-Variable"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/environment-variable/" >Environment Variable</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> An environment variable is a in-memory key/value pair that developers use to store configuration details about their app.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="FaaS"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/faas/" >FaaS</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Function as a Service (FaaS) is a type of cloud service that allows you to develop, run, and manage reusable functions without needing to build and maintain a backend infrastructure.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Function"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/function/" >Function</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A function is a reusable block of code that you can deploy to the DigitalOcean Functions service and then access via a URL. For example, you can write a traditional Node.js function that returns a list of products from a database and then deploy that function to the Functions service.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Logs"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/logs/" >Logs</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Logs are captures of the standard output stream that you can inspect for information about activity related to your app.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Namespace"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/namespace/" >Namespace</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A namespace is a collection of resources containing one or more functions hosted on the DigitalOcean Functions service.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Package"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/package/" >Package</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A package is a collection of functions. Packages let you organize functions within a project.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Project"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/project/" >Project</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A project is a collection of resources, including a configuration file and one or more <a href="/glossary/package/">packages</a>, which is stored on your local computer or in a GitHub repository.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Runtime-Environment"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/runtime-environ/" >Runtime Environment</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A runtime environment is an execution environment for deploying and running applications. Runtime environments contain the necessary applications, dependencies, and operating system to run an application. For example, when you <a href="/products/app-platform/getting-started/quickstart/#create-an-app">create an app on App Platform</a>, App Platform inspects the code and app resources, and then selects the appropriate runtime environment, such as Node, to run the app in.</div></div> </div> </div> <p>View <a href="/glossary/functions/">all Functions glossary content</a>.</p><h2 id="ipv6">IPv6</h2> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="FQDN"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/fqdn/" >FQDN</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN), or Absolute Domain Name, is a complete domain name that identifies a host or server.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="IPv4"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ipv4/" >IPv4</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> IPv4, or Internet Protocol version 4, is a networking protocol that maps 32-bit IP addresses to devices on a <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a>. IPv4 routes most of the network traffic on the internet.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/ipv6.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="IPv6"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ipv6/" >IPv6</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> IPv6, or Internet Protocol version 6, is a networking protocol that maps IP addresses to devices on a <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a>. IPv6 is the most recent version of the IP protocol and greatly expands the available address space compared to <a href="/glossary/ipv4/">IPv4</a>.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="PTR-Record"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ptr-record/" >PTR Record</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> PTR records, or pointer records (also known as reverse DNS or rDNS records), map an IP address to a domain name. PTR records are used for reverse DNS lookups.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="SMTP"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/smtp/" >SMTP</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is a messaging protocol which controls how email transmissions are performed between computers in Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) networks.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="SSH"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ssh/" >SSH</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> SSH (Secure Shell Protocol) is a method to secure remote logins and communications from one computer to another which provides strong authentication and protects communication through strong encryption.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Subnet"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/subnet/" >Subnet</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A subnet, or subnetwork, is a <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a> within another network meant to simplify routes between devices on a network.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Subnet-Mask"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/subnet-mask/" >Subnet Mask</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A subnet mask splits an IP address, such as <code>255.255.255.0</code>, into its host and <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a> addresses. The bits (digits) in a subnet mask indicate the number of bits allotted to the network’s address and the number of bits available for host addresses in the network.</div></div> </div> </div> <p>View <a href="/glossary/ipv6/">all IPv6 glossary content</a>.</p><h2 id="kubernetes">Kubernetes</h2> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Cluster-Networking"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/cluster-networking/" >Cluster Networking</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Cluster networking is highly-coupled container-to-container, pod-to-pod, pod-to-service, or external-to-service communication.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="CPU"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/cpu/" >CPU</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A central processing unit, also called a processor or CPU, is an essential piece of computer hardware that executes the instructions from a computer program.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Environment-Variable"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/environment-variable/" >Environment Variable</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> An environment variable is a in-memory key/value pair that developers use to store configuration details about their app.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Feature-Gate"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/feature-gates/" >Feature Gate</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Feature gates are key-value pairs that describe upstream Kubernetes features.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Hash"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/hash/" >Hash</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> <p>A hash is a fixed-sized string created by applying a hash function to data. A hash can be used in many different applications for various purposes but are often used to encrypt SSH keys or create unique numerical values that can act as identifiers for data resources.</p> <p>For example, hashes are used to reference code changes, called commits, in GitHub and other code repository services. <a href="/products/container-registry/">DigitalOcean’s Container Registry</a> also uses hashes to create digests for each version of an image stored in a registry. An example hash created with the SHA algorithm looks like this: <code>3479436528b6961f29e22576d76787b6e5262761</code></p></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Health-Check"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/health-check/" >Health Check</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A health check is a scheduled HTTP or TCP request that you can configure to run on a repeating basis to ensure that a service is healthy.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="High-Availability"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ha/" >High Availability</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> High Availability (HA) is an approach to infrastructure design focusing on reducing downtime and eliminating single points of failure.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="High-availability-Control-Plane"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ha-control-plane/" >High-availability Control Plane</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> High-availability control plane is a control plane that has multiple replicas of <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/overview/components/">each control plane component</a>.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Image"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/image/" >Image</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A <a href="/glossary/container/">container</a> image, Docker image, or image, is a static file containing executable code that cannot be changed.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="IP"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ip/" >IP</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> The Internet Protocol (IP) is a communications protocol used to connect computers across a <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a>, specifically the internet. IP consists of rules and regulations for transmission of packets across a network including routing and addressing. IP ensures that the packets of data that travel across a network arrive at the correct location.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Keep-Alive"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/keep-alive/" >Keep-Alive</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Keep-Alive, or keepalive, is a signal sent from one device to another in order to maintain the connection between the two devices.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="kubectl"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/kubectl/" >kubectl</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> <code>kubectl</code> is a command-line interface (CLI) used to run commands on Kubernetes <a href="/glossary/cluster/">clusters</a>.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Load-Balancer"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/load-balancer/" >Load Balancer</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A load balancer distributes traffic across a backend pool of servers to improve the stability and responsiveness of an application.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Logs"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/logs/" >Logs</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Logs are captures of the standard output stream that you can inspect for information about activity related to your app.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Machine-Types"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/machine-types/" >Machine Types</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Machine type is the set of virtualized hardware resources used for a <a href="/glossary/vm/">virtual machine (VM)</a> instance.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Namespace"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/namespace/" >Namespace</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A namespace is a collection of resources containing one or more functions hosted on the DigitalOcean Functions service.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Node-Plan"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/node-plan/" >Node Plan</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Node plan, database or <a href="/glossary/cluster/">cluster</a> configuration is the hardware plan for node specifications.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Node-Pool"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/node-pool/" >Node Pool</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A node pool is a group of nodes with the same configuration within a <a href="/glossary/cluster/">cluster</a>.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Pod"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/pod/" >Pod</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A pod is the smallest deployable unit of computing that is created and managed by Kubernetes.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Port"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/port/" >Port</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A port is a communication endpoint of a <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a> connection. A port is identified using a port number for each transport protocol.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Proxy"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/proxy/" >Proxy</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A proxy is a computer or software system that acts as a dedicated intermediary between an endpoint device and another server.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="RBAC"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/rbac/" >RBAC</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Role-based access control (RBAC), also known as role-based security, restricts <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a> access based on the role a user has within an organization.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="SSL-Certificate"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ssl-certificate/" >SSL Certificate</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> SSL certificate is a digital document outlining the identity of the website.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Sticky-Session"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/sticky-session/" >Sticky Session</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Sticky session, or session persistence occurs when the load balancer creates a connection between a <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a> and a user for a direction of the session.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Surge-Upgrade"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/surge-upgrades/" >Surge Upgrade</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Surge upgrades create duplicate, up to a maximum of 10, nodes during <a href="/glossary/cluster/">cluster</a> upgrade.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Tag"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/tag/" >Tag</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Tags are keywords associated with DigitalOcean resources. You can use tags to organize and manage resources.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="TCP"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/tcp/" >TCP</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a communication standard for programs and computing devices to exchange messages over a <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a>.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="TTL"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ttl/" >TTL</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> TTL, which stands for time to live, is the amount of time that a packet, DNS record, or other data exists before being discarded by a router. TTL limits the lifespan of data within a <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a> by attaching a time limit to data.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="UDP"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/udp/" >UDP</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> User Datagram Protocol, or UDP, is an established low-latency connection communication protocol between applications.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Worker-node"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/worker-node/" >Worker node</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A worker node is a node that runs the application in a <a href="/glossary/cluster/">cluster</a> and reports to a control plane.</div></div> </div> </div> <p>View <a href="/glossary/kubernetes/">all Kubernetes glossary content</a>.</p><h2 id="load-balancers">Load Balancers</h2> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Autobahn|Testsuite"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/autobahn/" >Autobahn|Testsuite</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> <a href="https://github.com/crossbario/autobahn-testsuite">Autobahn|Testsuite</a> is a fully-automated test suite that verifies client and server implementations of the WebSocket Protocol.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Backend-Pool"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/backend-pool/" >Backend Pool</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> In load balancing, a backend pool is a group of resources, such as Droplets, whose traffic are managed by the load balancer.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="CIDR-Notation"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/cidr/" >CIDR Notation</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Classless Inter-Domain Routing notation, or CIDR notation, is a method of representing an IP address network range.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Handshake"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/handshake/" >Handshake</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A handshake is the authentication process between two networked devices to ensure that both devices are who they claim to be.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Health-Check"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/health-check/" >Health Check</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A health check is a scheduled HTTP or TCP request that you can configure to run on a repeating basis to ensure that a service is healthy.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="High-Availability"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ha/" >High Availability</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> High Availability (HA) is an approach to infrastructure design focusing on reducing downtime and eliminating single points of failure.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="IP"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ip/" >IP</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> The Internet Protocol (IP) is a communications protocol used to connect computers across a <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a>, specifically the internet. IP consists of rules and regulations for transmission of packets across a network including routing and addressing. IP ensures that the packets of data that travel across a network arrive at the correct location.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Keep-Alive"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/keep-alive/" >Keep-Alive</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Keep-Alive, or keepalive, is a signal sent from one device to another in order to maintain the connection between the two devices.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Load-Balancer"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/load-balancer/" >Load Balancer</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A load balancer distributes traffic across a backend pool of servers to improve the stability and responsiveness of an application.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Port"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/port/" >Port</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A port is a communication endpoint of a <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a> connection. A port is identified using a port number for each transport protocol.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Proxy"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/proxy/" >Proxy</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A proxy is a computer or software system that acts as a dedicated intermediary between an endpoint device and another server.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="SSH"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ssh/" >SSH</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> SSH (Secure Shell Protocol) is a method to secure remote logins and communications from one computer to another which provides strong authentication and protects communication through strong encryption.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="SSL-Certificate"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ssl-certificate/" >SSL Certificate</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> SSL certificate is a digital document outlining the identity of the website.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="SSL-Passthrough"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ssl-passthrough/" >SSL Passthrough</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> SSL passthrough is the process of passing SSL-encrypted traffic on to a backend server for decryption.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="SSL-Termination"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ssl-termination/" >SSL Termination</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> SSL termination is the process of decrypting traffic encrypted with SSL.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Sticky-Session"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/sticky-session/" >Sticky Session</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Sticky session, or session persistence occurs when the load balancer creates a connection between a <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a> and a user for a direction of the session.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Tag"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/tag/" >Tag</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Tags are keywords associated with DigitalOcean resources. You can use tags to organize and manage resources.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="TCP"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/tcp/" >TCP</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a communication standard for programs and computing devices to exchange messages over a <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a>.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="TLS"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/tls/" >TLS</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Transport Layer Security (TLS) is a security protocol focused on privacy and data security for communication across the internet.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="UDP"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/udp/" >UDP</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> User Datagram Protocol, or UDP, is an established low-latency connection communication protocol between applications.</div></div> </div> </div> <p>View <a href="/glossary/load-balancers/">all Load Balancers glossary content</a>.</p><h2 id="marketplace">Marketplace</h2> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="1-Click-App"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/one-click/" >1-Click App</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> 1-Click Apps streamline the setup process for servers and Kubernetes <a href="/glossary/cluster/">clusters</a> by automating tasks such as package installation, firewall rule configuration, load balancer provisioning, and software setup.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Add-Ons"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/add-on/" >Add-Ons</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Add-Ons are software-as-a-service (SaaS) products provided by external vendors through the DigitalOcean Marketplace.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Hybrid-Cloud"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/hybrid-cloud/" >Hybrid Cloud</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Hybrid clouds are cloud services that incorporate a private cloud infrastructure while being hosted by a public cloud service provider.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="IaaS"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/iaas/" >IaaS</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) is a type of cloud service that offers storage, computing, and networking resources on a subscription basis.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Marketplace-Resource"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/marketplace-resources/" >Marketplace Resource</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A Marketplace resource is an instance of an Add-On that you provision through the DigitalOcean Marketplace. A Marketplace resource typically maps one-to-one with an account on your SaaS service.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Multicloud"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/multicloud/" >Multicloud</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Multicloud refers to using multiple public cloud service providers to run an application.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="On-demand-Self-service"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/self-service/" >On-demand Self-service</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> On-demand self-service cloud resources are resources that are provisioned without human interaction.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="PaaS"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/paas/" >PaaS</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Platform as a Service (PaaS) is a type of cloud service that offers deployment platforms to build, deploy, and scale applications on a subscription basis.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Public-Cloud"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/public-cloud/" >Public Cloud</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Public clouds are servers accessed over the internet with public cloud services offered and hosted by a cloud service provider, such as DigitalOcean’s Droplets.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="SaaS"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/saas/" >SaaS</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Software as a service (SaaS) is a type of cloud service that offers software solutions as a product, hosted by the cloud service provider on a subscription basis.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Vendor-Lock-In"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/vendor-lock-in/" >Vendor Lock-In</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Vendor lock-in, also known as proprietary lock-in or customer lock-in, is a situation where the cost of switching from one cloud vendor to another is too high, resulting in users staying with their original vendor.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Vendor-Portal"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/vendor-portal/" >Vendor Portal</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> The vendor portal is a vendor-only website within DigitalOcean Marketplace where vendors manage the SaaS Add-Ons they are offering. Through this platform, vendors can add new apps, make catalog updates, and monitor the performance of their SaaS Add-Ons.</div></div> </div> </div> <p>View <a href="/glossary/marketplace/">all Marketplace glossary content</a>.</p><h2 id="mongodb">MongoDB</h2> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="ACID-Compliance"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/acid/" >ACID Compliance</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> ACID compliance is a set of database characteristics consisting of Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability that ensure that database transactions are completed efficiently.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="ACL"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/acl/" >ACL</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> An access control list, or ACL, is a list of user permissions that controls access to a system resource.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Connection-String"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/connection-string/" >Connection String</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A connection string is a string of characters that provides necessary information and parameters to establish a connection between a software application and the database. Connection strings are considered sensitive information and we recommend handling them securely, such as by avoiding hardcoding the string into the application’s code or configuration files.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="CPU"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/cpu/" >CPU</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A central processing unit, also called a processor or CPU, is an essential piece of computer hardware that executes the instructions from a computer program.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="DBaaS"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/dbaas/" >DBaaS</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Database as a Service, Managed Database Service, or DBaaS for short, is a cloud service that allows users to access a cloud database system without having a personal cloud data system on a subscription basis.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="E2EE"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/e2ee/" >E2EE</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> End-to-end encryption, or E2EE, is a system of communication that encrypts messages for everyone including the messaging service except the user receiving the message and the user that sent the message.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Failover"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/failover/" >Failover</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Failover is a high availability (HA) mechanism that monitors servers for failures and reroutes traffic or operations to a redundant server when the primary server fails.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="High-Availability"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ha/" >High Availability</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> High Availability (HA) is an approach to infrastructure design focusing on reducing downtime and eliminating single points of failure.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Hot-Standby"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/hotstandby/" >Hot Standby</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Hot standby is the act of listening for when a primary node fails in order for the standby node to take its place.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Logs"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/logs/" >Logs</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Logs are captures of the standard output stream that you can inspect for information about activity related to your app.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="LUKS"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/luks/" >LUKS</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Linux Unified Key Setup (LUKS) is an open source disk encryption specification for block storage devices.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Machine-Types"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/machine-types/" >Machine Types</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Machine type is the set of virtualized hardware resources used for a <a href="/glossary/vm/">virtual machine (VM)</a> instance.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Node-Plan"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/node-plan/" >Node Plan</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Node plan, database or <a href="/glossary/cluster/">cluster</a> configuration is the hardware plan for node specifications.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Point-In-Time-Recovery"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/pitr/" >Point-In-Time-Recovery</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Point-in-time recovery, or PITR for short, ensures that automatic backups are made in order to restore or recover data made in a previous state of the server.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="RAM"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ram/" >RAM</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Random-Access Memory, or RAM, is a memory storage made to store and access memory on a short-term basis.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Read-Only-Node"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/read-only/" >Read-Only Node</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A read-only node is a replica of the <a href="/glossary/cluster/">cluster</a>’s primary node.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Standby-Node"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/standby/" >Standby Node</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A standby node is a node that is set aside idling on <a href="/glossary/hotstandby/">hot standby</a>.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Tag"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/tag/" >Tag</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Tags are keywords associated with DigitalOcean resources. You can use tags to organize and manage resources.</div></div> </div> </div> <p>View <a href="/glossary/mongodb/">all MongoDB glossary content</a>.</p><h2 id="monitoring">Monitoring</h2> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Alert-Interval"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/alert-interval/" >Alert Interval</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> An alert interval is the period of time that average usage must exceed a threshold before triggering an alert.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Alerting"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/alert/" >Alerting</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Alerting within a computer monitoring system is the ability to send notifications when certain metrics fall outside of expected ranges.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Data-Point"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/data-point/" >Data Point</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A data point, or value, is a number and unit representing a single measurement.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Data-Set"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/data-set/" >Data Set</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A data set is a collection of related data points.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/monitoring.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Monitoring"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/monitoring/" >Monitoring</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> In computing, monitoring is the process of gathering and visualizing data to improve awareness of system health and minimize response time when usage is outside of expected levels.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Percentage-Unit"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/percentage-unit/" >Percentage Unit</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Percentage units specify a value in relationship to the total available quantity, which is typically set at 100%. Percentages are useful for quantities with a known limit, like disk space.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Rate-Unit"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/rate-unit/" >Rate Unit</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Rate units specify a value in relation to another measure (most frequently time). Rate units usually tell you frequency of occurrence over a set time period so that you can compare magnitude. Rate units are useful when there is no unambiguous upper boundary that indicates total use or when it is more helpful to examine usage, like incoming bandwidth.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Resource"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/monitor-resource/" >Resource</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> In computing, a resource is a basic component with limited availability. Resources include <a href="/glossary/cpu/">CPU</a>, memory, disk space, or available bandwidth. You can track a resource in order to monitor the resource’s usage.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="System-Usage-Monitoring"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/system-usage-monitor/" >System Usage Monitoring</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> System usage monitoring is a type of monitoring that involves tracking system resources.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Threshold"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/threshold/" >Threshold</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> In alerting, a threshold is a value that defines the boundary between normal and abnormal usage.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Time-Series"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/time-series/" >Time Series</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Time series data is data collected at regular intervals and arranged chronologically to examine changes over time.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Trend"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/trend/" >Trend</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A trend indicates a general tendency in a data set over time. Trends are useful for recognizing changes and for predicting future behavior.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Unit"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/unit/" >Unit</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Units are standard ways of comparing values.</div></div> </div> </div> <p>View <a href="/glossary/monitoring/">all Monitoring glossary content</a>.</p><h2 id="mysql">MySQL</h2> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="ACID-Compliance"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/acid/" >ACID Compliance</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> ACID compliance is a set of database characteristics consisting of Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability that ensure that database transactions are completed efficiently.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="ACL"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/acl/" >ACL</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> An access control list, or ACL, is a list of user permissions that controls access to a system resource.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Connection-Status-Metric"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/connection-status/" >Connection Status Metric</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Connection status metric is a metric that measures the number of threads created, connected, and running in relation to a database’s connection limit.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Connection-String"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/connection-string/" >Connection String</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A connection string is a string of characters that provides necessary information and parameters to establish a connection between a software application and the database. Connection strings are considered sensitive information and we recommend handling them securely, such as by avoiding hardcoding the string into the application’s code or configuration files.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="CPU"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/cpu/" >CPU</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A central processing unit, also called a processor or CPU, is an essential piece of computer hardware that executes the instructions from a computer program.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="DBaaS"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/dbaas/" >DBaaS</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Database as a Service, Managed Database Service, or DBaaS for short, is a cloud service that allows users to access a cloud database system without having a personal cloud data system on a subscription basis.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="DDoS-Attack"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ddos-attack/" >DDoS Attack</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> In a denial-of-service (DoS) attack, a threat actor renders information systems, devices, or other network resources inaccessible by overwhelming the target with malicious traffic. A distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack is a type of DoS attack where the overloading traffic originates from multiple attacking machines, amplifying the severity of the attack.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="E2EE"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/e2ee/" >E2EE</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> End-to-end encryption, or E2EE, is a system of communication that encrypts messages for everyone including the messaging service except the user receiving the message and the user that sent the message.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Failover"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/failover/" >Failover</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Failover is a high availability (HA) mechanism that monitors servers for failures and reroutes traffic or operations to a redundant server when the primary server fails.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="High-Availability"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ha/" >High Availability</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> High Availability (HA) is an approach to infrastructure design focusing on reducing downtime and eliminating single points of failure.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Hot-Standby"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/hotstandby/" >Hot Standby</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Hot standby is the act of listening for when a primary node fails in order for the standby node to take its place.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Index-vs.-Sequential-Reads-Metric"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/index-sequential-reads/" >Index vs. Sequential Reads Metric</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> The index vs. sequential reads plot presents the proportion of reads that use an index over the total number of reads across all databases (schemas) on the main server.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="IP"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ip/" >IP</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> The Internet Protocol (IP) is a communications protocol used to connect computers across a <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a>, specifically the internet. IP consists of rules and regulations for transmission of packets across a network including routing and addressing. IP ensures that the packets of data that travel across a network arrive at the correct location.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Logs"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/logs/" >Logs</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Logs are captures of the standard output stream that you can inspect for information about activity related to your app.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="LUKS"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/luks/" >LUKS</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Linux Unified Key Setup (LUKS) is an open source disk encryption specification for block storage devices.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Machine-Types"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/machine-types/" >Machine Types</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Machine type is the set of virtualized hardware resources used for a <a href="/glossary/vm/">virtual machine (VM)</a> instance.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Node-Plan"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/node-plan/" >Node Plan</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Node plan, database or <a href="/glossary/cluster/">cluster</a> configuration is the hardware plan for node specifications.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Operations-Throughput-Metric"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/throughput/" >Operations Throughput Metric</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Operations throughput metric is a measurement of throughput of fetch, insert, update, and delete operations across all databases on the server.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Point-In-Time-Recovery"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/pitr/" >Point-In-Time-Recovery</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Point-in-time recovery, or PITR for short, ensures that automatic backups are made in order to restore or recover data made in a previous state of the server.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Port"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/port/" >Port</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A port is a communication endpoint of a <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a> connection. A port is identified using a port number for each transport protocol.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="RAM"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ram/" >RAM</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Random-Access Memory, or RAM, is a memory storage made to store and access memory on a short-term basis.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Read-Only-Node"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/read-only/" >Read-Only Node</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A read-only node is a replica of the <a href="/glossary/cluster/">cluster</a>’s primary node.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Scaling"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/scaling/" >Scaling</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Scaling is the process of adding more capacity to a resource in your app.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="SQL-Mode"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/sql-mode/" >SQL Mode</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> SQL mode, or <code>sql_mode</code> is a MySQL system variable meant to configure operational characteristics of the MySQL server.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="SSL-Certificate"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ssl-certificate/" >SSL Certificate</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> SSL certificate is a digital document outlining the identity of the website.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Standby-Node"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/standby/" >Standby Node</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A standby node is a node that is set aside idling on <a href="/glossary/hotstandby/">hot standby</a>.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Tag"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/tag/" >Tag</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Tags are keywords associated with DigitalOcean resources. You can use tags to organize and manage resources.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="TCP"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/tcp/" >TCP</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a communication standard for programs and computing devices to exchange messages over a <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a>.</div></div> </div> </div> <p>View <a href="/glossary/mysql/">all MySQL glossary content</a>.</p><h2 id="postgresql">PostgreSQL</h2> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="ACID-Compliance"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/acid/" >ACID Compliance</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> ACID compliance is a set of database characteristics consisting of Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability that ensure that database transactions are completed efficiently.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="ACL"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/acl/" >ACL</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> An access control list, or ACL, is a list of user permissions that controls access to a system resource.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Cache-Hit-Ratio-Metric"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/cache-hit-ratio/" >Cache Hit Ratio Metric</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Cache hit ratio is a metric that measures the efficiency of <a href="/glossary/key/">key</a> retrieval in a database.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Connection-Pooling"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/connection-pool/" >Connection Pooling</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Connection pooling is a cache of database connections used for future requests to the database as required.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Connection-String"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/connection-string/" >Connection String</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A connection string is a string of characters that provides necessary information and parameters to establish a connection between a software application and the database. Connection strings are considered sensitive information and we recommend handling them securely, such as by avoiding hardcoding the string into the application’s code or configuration files.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="CPU"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/cpu/" >CPU</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A central processing unit, also called a processor or CPU, is an essential piece of computer hardware that executes the instructions from a computer program.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="DBaaS"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/dbaas/" >DBaaS</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Database as a Service, Managed Database Service, or DBaaS for short, is a cloud service that allows users to access a cloud database system without having a personal cloud data system on a subscription basis.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Deadlock"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/deadlock/" >Deadlock</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A deadlock is a situation when two or more programs, processes, or other components are mutually waiting for the other in order to access a resource, which prevents all of them from proceeding.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Deadlock-Creation-Rate"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/deadlock-creation/" >Deadlock Creation Rate</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> The deadlocks plot shows the rate of deadlock creation in the database.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Failover"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/failover/" >Failover</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Failover is a high availability (HA) mechanism that monitors servers for failures and reroutes traffic or operations to a redundant server when the primary server fails.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="High-Availability"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ha/" >High Availability</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> High Availability (HA) is an approach to infrastructure design focusing on reducing downtime and eliminating single points of failure.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Hot-Standby"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/hotstandby/" >Hot Standby</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Hot standby is the act of listening for when a primary node fails in order for the standby node to take its place.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="IP"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ip/" >IP</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> The Internet Protocol (IP) is a communications protocol used to connect computers across a <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a>, specifically the internet. IP consists of rules and regulations for transmission of packets across a network including routing and addressing. IP ensures that the packets of data that travel across a network arrive at the correct location.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="LUKS"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/luks/" >LUKS</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Linux Unified Key Setup (LUKS) is an open source disk encryption specification for block storage devices.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Machine-Types"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/machine-types/" >Machine Types</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Machine type is the set of virtualized hardware resources used for a <a href="/glossary/vm/">virtual machine (VM)</a> instance.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Node-Plan"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/node-plan/" >Node Plan</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Node plan, database or <a href="/glossary/cluster/">cluster</a> configuration is the hardware plan for node specifications.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Operations-Throughput-Metric"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/throughput/" >Operations Throughput Metric</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Operations throughput metric is a measurement of throughput of fetch, insert, update, and delete operations across all databases on the server.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="PgBouncer"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/pgbouncer/" >PgBouncer</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> PgBouncer is an open-source, single-binary Postgres Pro connection pooler for PostgreSQL.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Point-In-Time-Recovery"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/pitr/" >Point-In-Time-Recovery</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Point-in-time recovery, or PITR for short, ensures that automatic backups are made in order to restore or recover data made in a previous state of the server.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Port"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/port/" >Port</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A port is a communication endpoint of a <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a> connection. A port is identified using a port number for each transport protocol.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="RAM"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ram/" >RAM</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Random-Access Memory, or RAM, is a memory storage made to store and access memory on a short-term basis.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Read-Only-Node"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/read-only/" >Read-Only Node</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A read-only node is a replica of the <a href="/glossary/cluster/">cluster</a>’s primary node.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Relational-Database"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/relational-db/" >Relational Database</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Relational database is a type of database that organizes data in tables with predefined relationships. These tables consist of rows (records) and columns (attributes).</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Scaling"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/scaling/" >Scaling</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Scaling is the process of adding more capacity to a resource in your app.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="SSL-Certificate"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ssl-certificate/" >SSL Certificate</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> SSL certificate is a digital document outlining the identity of the website.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Standby-Node"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/standby/" >Standby Node</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A standby node is a node that is set aside idling on <a href="/glossary/hotstandby/">hot standby</a>.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Tag"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/tag/" >Tag</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Tags are keywords associated with DigitalOcean resources. You can use tags to organize and manage resources.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="TCP"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/tcp/" >TCP</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a communication standard for programs and computing devices to exchange messages over a <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a>.</div></div> </div> </div> <p>View <a href="/glossary/postgresql/">all PostgreSQL glossary content</a>.</p><h2 id="projects">Projects</h2> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Droplet-Based-Resources"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/droplet-based-resource/" >Droplet-Based Resources</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Droplet-based resources are a category of resources within a DigitalOcean Project.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Independent-Resources"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/independent-resource/" >Independent Resources</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Independent resources are DigitalOcean resources that cannot interact with DigitalOcean Projects.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Project-based-Resources"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/project-based-resources/" >Project-based Resources</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Project-based resources are DigitalOcean resources that are always associated with a DigitalOcean Project.</div></div> </div> </div> <p>View <a href="/glossary/projects/">all Projects glossary content</a>.</p><h2 id="redis">Redis</h2> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="ACID-Compliance"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/acid/" >ACID Compliance</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> ACID compliance is a set of database characteristics consisting of Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability that ensure that database transactions are completed efficiently.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="ACL"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/acl/" >ACL</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> An access control list, or ACL, is a list of user permissions that controls access to a system resource.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Cache-Hit-Ratio-Metric"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/cache-hit-ratio/" >Cache Hit Ratio Metric</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Cache hit ratio is a metric that measures the efficiency of <a href="/glossary/key/">key</a> retrieval in a database.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Connection-Pooling"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/connection-pool/" >Connection Pooling</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Connection pooling is a cache of database connections used for future requests to the database as required.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Connection-Status-Metric"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/connection-status/" >Connection Status Metric</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Connection status metric is a metric that measures the number of threads created, connected, and running in relation to a database’s connection limit.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Connection-String"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/connection-string/" >Connection String</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A connection string is a string of characters that provides necessary information and parameters to establish a connection between a software application and the database. Connection strings are considered sensitive information and we recommend handling them securely, such as by avoiding hardcoding the string into the application’s code or configuration files.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="CPU"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/cpu/" >CPU</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A central processing unit, also called a processor or CPU, is an essential piece of computer hardware that executes the instructions from a computer program.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Data-Eviction-Policy"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/data-eviction/" >Data Eviction Policy</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A data eviction policy specifies what happens when a database reaches its memory limit.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="DBaaS"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/dbaas/" >DBaaS</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Database as a Service, Managed Database Service, or DBaaS for short, is a cloud service that allows users to access a cloud database system without having a personal cloud data system on a subscription basis.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="DDoS-Attack"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ddos-attack/" >DDoS Attack</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> In a denial-of-service (DoS) attack, a threat actor renders information systems, devices, or other network resources inaccessible by overwhelming the target with malicious traffic. A distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack is a type of DoS attack where the overloading traffic originates from multiple attacking machines, amplifying the severity of the attack.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Failover"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/failover/" >Failover</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Failover is a high availability (HA) mechanism that monitors servers for failures and reroutes traffic or operations to a redundant server when the primary server fails.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="High-Availability"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ha/" >High Availability</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> High Availability (HA) is an approach to infrastructure design focusing on reducing downtime and eliminating single points of failure.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Hot-Standby"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/hotstandby/" >Hot Standby</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Hot standby is the act of listening for when a primary node fails in order for the standby node to take its place.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="IP"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ip/" >IP</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> The Internet Protocol (IP) is a communications protocol used to connect computers across a <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a>, specifically the internet. IP consists of rules and regulations for transmission of packets across a network including routing and addressing. IP ensures that the packets of data that travel across a network arrive at the correct location.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="LUKS"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/luks/" >LUKS</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Linux Unified Key Setup (LUKS) is an open source disk encryption specification for block storage devices.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Machine-Types"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/machine-types/" >Machine Types</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Machine type is the set of virtualized hardware resources used for a <a href="/glossary/vm/">virtual machine (VM)</a> instance.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Node-Plan"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/node-plan/" >Node Plan</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Node plan, database or <a href="/glossary/cluster/">cluster</a> configuration is the hardware plan for node specifications.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Operations-Throughput-Metric"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/throughput/" >Operations Throughput Metric</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Operations throughput metric is a measurement of throughput of fetch, insert, update, and delete operations across all databases on the server.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Point-In-Time-Recovery"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/pitr/" >Point-In-Time-Recovery</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Point-in-time recovery, or PITR for short, ensures that automatic backups are made in order to restore or recover data made in a previous state of the server.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Port"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/port/" >Port</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A port is a communication endpoint of a <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a> connection. A port is identified using a port number for each transport protocol.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="RAM"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ram/" >RAM</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Random-Access Memory, or RAM, is a memory storage made to store and access memory on a short-term basis.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Read-Only-Node"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/read-only/" >Read-Only Node</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A read-only node is a replica of the <a href="/glossary/cluster/">cluster</a>’s primary node.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Standby-Node"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/standby/" >Standby Node</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A standby node is a node that is set aside idling on <a href="/glossary/hotstandby/">hot standby</a>.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Tag"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/tag/" >Tag</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Tags are keywords associated with DigitalOcean resources. You can use tags to organize and manage resources.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="TTL"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ttl/" >TTL</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> TTL, which stands for time to live, is the amount of time that a packet, DNS record, or other data exists before being discarded by a router. TTL limits the lifespan of data within a <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a> by attaching a time limit to data.</div></div> </div> </div> <p>View <a href="/glossary/redis/">all Redis glossary content</a>.</p><h2 id="reserved-ips">Reserved IPs</h2> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Anchor-IP"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/anchor-ip/" >Anchor IP</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Anchor IP addresses are IP addresses that reserved IPs can bind to.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Failover"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/failover/" >Failover</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Failover is a high availability (HA) mechanism that monitors servers for failures and reroutes traffic or operations to a redundant server when the primary server fails.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Gateway"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/gateway/" >Gateway</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A gateway is a server or router that provides access to networks from other networks or the public internet.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="High-Availability"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ha/" >High Availability</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> High Availability (HA) is an approach to infrastructure design focusing on reducing downtime and eliminating single points of failure.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="IPv4"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ipv4/" >IPv4</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> IPv4, or Internet Protocol version 4, is a networking protocol that maps 32-bit IP addresses to devices on a <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a>. IPv4 routes most of the network traffic on the internet.</div></div> </div> </div> <p>View <a href="/glossary/reserved-ips/">all Reserved IPs glossary content</a>.</p><h2 id="snapshots">Snapshots</h2> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Disk-Image"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/disk-image/" >Disk Image</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Disk images are software copies of physical disks. Disk images save the data of a physical disk, like a hard drive, to one or more files.</div></div> </div> </div> <p>View <a href="/glossary/snapshots/">all Snapshots glossary content</a>.</p><h2 id="spaces">Spaces</h2> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Access-Control-Allow-Credentials"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/allow-cred/" >Access-Control-Allow-Credentials</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> <code>Access-Control-Allow-Credentials</code> is an HTTP header that, when set to <code>true</code>, allows browsers to send identifiable information (such as cookies, authorization headers, and TLS client certificates) with requests.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Access-Control-Allow-Methods"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/allow-methods/" >Access-Control-Allow-Methods</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> <code>Access-Control-Allow-Methods</code> is a header request that allows one or more HTTP methods when accessing a resource when responding to a preflight request.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Access-Control-Allow-Origin"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/allow-origin/" >Access-Control-Allow-Origin</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> <code>Access-Control-Allow-Origin</code> is an HTTP response header stating whether the application or source requesting access is allowed to access the response content. This header is part of the Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) policy.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Access-Control-Expose-Headers"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/expose-headers/" >Access-Control-Expose-Headers</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> <code>Access-Control-Expose-Headers</code> is a header request that allows a server to show which response headers are available to scripts running in the browser.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Access-Control-Max-Age"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/max-age/" >Access-Control-Max-Age</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> <code>Access-Control-Max-Age</code> is a header request that determines how long to cache the results of a preflight request.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Bucket"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/bucket/" >Bucket</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A bucket is a public cloud storage resource or <a href="/glossary/container/">container</a> that stores objects or data.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="CDN"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/cdn/" >CDN</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A content delivery network, also known as a content distribution network or CDN, is a geographically-distributed <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a> of servers that deliver static content to users.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="CDN-Cache"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/cdn-cache/" >CDN Cache</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> The Content Delivery Network (CDN) cache caches content such as images, videos, or web pages in a proxy server that are more closely located to end users.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="CDN-Endpoint"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/cdn-endpoint/" >CDN Endpoint</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A content delivery network (CDN) endpoint is a launching point or destination that is linked to the internet and receives communication and content between multiple servers.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="CNAME-Record"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/cname-record/" >CNAME Record</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> CNAME records, or Canonical Name records, map an alias name to a canonical domain name.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="CORS"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/cors/" >CORS</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) is a mechanism that permits loading resources on other origins, such as a domain, protocol, or <a href="/glossary/port/">port</a>, via HTTP headers.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="High-Availability"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ha/" >High Availability</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> High Availability (HA) is an approach to infrastructure design focusing on reducing downtime and eliminating single points of failure.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Key"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/key/" >Key</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A key, or bucket key, is a unique data key for objects in a bucket.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Pre-signed-URL"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/pre-signed-url/" >Pre-signed URL</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A pre-signed URL is a connection URL created by an authorized user so that unauthorized users can access restricted resources without sharing credentials.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="RESTful-API"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/restful-api/" >RESTful API</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> REST is an approach to building APIs with a set of architectural constraints that make them faster, simpler, and more standardized. RESTful APIs follow the principles built around unique URL and URI resources. RESTful APIs enable caching, scalability, and stateless communication with all of the necessary information in each request.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="S3-Compatible-Object-Storage"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/s3/" >S3-Compatible Object Storage</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> S3-Compatible Object Storage, or S3 is a storage solution that uses the S3 API.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="SSL-Certificate"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ssl-certificate/" >SSL Certificate</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> SSL certificate is a digital document outlining the identity of the website.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="TTL"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ttl/" >TTL</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> TTL, which stands for time to live, is the amount of time that a packet, DNS record, or other data exists before being discarded by a router. TTL limits the lifespan of data within a <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a> by attaching a time limit to data.</div></div> </div> </div> <p>View <a href="/glossary/spaces/">all Spaces glossary content</a>.</p><h2 id="volumes">Volumes</h2> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Attaching-a-Volume"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/attaching-a-volume/" >Attaching a Volume</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Attaching a DigitalOcean Block Storage Volume to a Droplet lets you <a href="/glossary/mounting/">mount</a> the volume to make it accessible to the Droplet’s filesystem. Similarly, detaching a volume from a Droplet lets you reattach it to another Droplet.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Block-Storage"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/block-storage/" >Block Storage</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> In cloud computing, block storage is a <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a>-based way to store data. Block storage services, like <a href="/products/volumes/">DigitalOcean Volumes Block Storage</a>, provide similar behavior to traditional block storage devices, like hard drives.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="ext4"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ext4/" >ext4</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> ext4, or fourth extended file system, is a journaling file system for Linux. ext4’s most common use case is formatting volumes, hard drives, and other computing storage solutions.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Formatting"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/formatting/" >Formatting</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Formatting a storage device, like a hard drive or block storage, creates a filesystem on the device (and erases any existing data). You typically only need to format a device once, when you first create it.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="IOPS"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/iops/" >IOPS</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> IOPS, or input/output operations per second, is a measurement of the performance of storage devices. A higher IOPS measurement implies better performance for reading and writing data.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="LUKS"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/luks/" >LUKS</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Linux Unified Key Setup (LUKS) is an open source disk encryption specification for block storage devices.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Mounting"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/mounting/" >Mounting</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Mounting makes the data on a storage device, like <a href="/glossary/block-storage/">block storage</a>, available to the file system on a computer. Users on the computer can then read and write to mounted storage devices.</div></div> </div> </div> <p>View <a href="/glossary/volumes/">all Volumes glossary content</a>.</p><h2 id="vpc">VPC</h2> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="CIDR-Notation"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/cidr/" >CIDR Notation</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Classless Inter-Domain Routing notation, or CIDR notation, is a method of representing an IP address network range.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="cloud-init"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/cloud-init/" >cloud-init</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> <code>cloud-init</code> is an industry standard instance initialization tool that allows you to inject customized configurations into a Droplet at creation time, such as setting up a user with specific privileges. Using <code>cloud-init</code> can save you provisioning and setup time by allowing you to automate common setup tasks.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="DHCP"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/dhcp/" >DHCP</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a> management protocol that automates the assignment of IP addresses.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Gateway"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/gateway/" >Gateway</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A gateway is a server or router that provides access to networks from other networks or the public internet.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="IP"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/ip/" >IP</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> The Internet Protocol (IP) is a communications protocol used to connect computers across a <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a>, specifically the internet. IP consists of rules and regulations for transmission of packets across a network including routing and addressing. IP ensures that the packets of data that travel across a network arrive at the correct location.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Network"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/network/" >Network</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> A network is a collection interconnected servers or computers that communicate and share resources amongst each other.</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="card has-icon"> <img alt="" class="no-popup" src="/images/icons/default.svg"> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-title" id="Packet"> <a class="card-primary-action" href="/glossary/packet/" >Packet</a> </div> <div class="card-body"> <div class="card-description"> Packets, or datagrams, are blocks of data that are transmitted by a computer or device and forwarded to other devices in a <a href="/glossary/network/">network</a>, such as an application, server, or internet-accessible device. Packets are the most basic unit of data transmission across networks and the internet.</div></div> </div> </div> <p>View <a href="/glossary/vpc/">all VPC glossary content</a>.</p> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <svg alt="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><symbol id="_sprite-alert-error" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path fill="#CA0C0C" d="M15.54 5.526a2 2 0 011.92 0l8.5 4.655A2 2 0 0127 11.935v9.13a2 2 0 01-1.04 1.754l-8.5 4.655a2 2 0 01-1.92 0l-8.5-4.655A2 2 0 016 21.065v-9.13a2 2 0 011.04-1.754l8.5-4.655z"/><path fill="#fff" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M15 10.8a.8.8 0 01.8-.8h1.4a.8.8 0 01.8.8v6.4a.8.8 0 01-.8.8h-1.4a.8.8 0 01-.8-.8v-6.4zm0 10.7a1.5 1.5 0 113 0 1.5 1.5 0 01-3 0z" clip-rule="evenodd"/></symbol><symbol id="_sprite-alert-info" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><circle cx="16.5" cy="15.5" r="11.5" fill="#6355F8"/><rect width="3" height="8" x="15" y="14" fill="#fff" rx=".8"/><rect width="3" height="3" x="15" y="9" fill="#fff" rx="1.5"/></symbol><symbol 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