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<span class="easy-breadcrumb_segment-separator"> » </span> <span itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem"> <span itemscope itemprop="item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing" itemid="#2"> <span class="easy-breadcrumb_segment easy-breadcrumb_segment-title" itemprop="name">Germany</span> </span> <meta itemprop="position" content="2" /> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> </div> <div id="page"> <div id="main"> <div id="left-content"> <div id="content" class="column" role="main"> <a id="main-content"></a> <article class="node-770508 node node-wikifleet view-mode-full view-mode-full clearfix" about="/en/wikifleet/germany" typeof="sioc:Item foaf:Document" data-uid="15739" data-contentGroup1="auteur-Benjamin-Uyttebroeck"> <header> <span property="dc:title" content="Germany" class="rdf-meta element-hidden"></span> </header> <header class="group-wiki-header field-group-html5"><div class="field field-name-field-image field-type-image field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><img typeof="foaf:Image" src="https://www.globalfleet.com/sites/default/files/styles/uc_thumbnail/public/flag_of_germany.svg_.png?itok=zZ0fhHxK" width="35" height="21" alt="" /></div> </div><div class="field field-name-title-field field-type-text field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><h1>Germany</h1> </div> </div><em class="last-update">Last modification: 19 May 20</em><div class="wikifleet-navigation"><select class="chapter-selector" name="chapters"><option value="_none">Chapters</option><option value="#group-chapter-one">Chapter 1: Economic and business environment</option><option value="#group-chapter-two">Chapter 2 : Automotive market, segments & sales</option><option value="#group-chapter-three">Chapter 3: Company car market</option><option value="#group-chapter-four">Chapter 4: Taxation & legislation</option><option value="#group-chapter-five">Chapter 5: Car policies</option><option value="#group-chapter-six">Chapter 6: Funding methods</option><option value="#group-chapter-seven">Chapter 7: Fuel</option><option value="#group-chapter-height">Chapter 8 : TCO components</option><option value="#group-chapter-nine">Chapter 9: Safety, insurance and telematics</option><option value="#group-chapter-ten">Chapter 10: Environment</option><option value="#group-chapter-eleven">Chapter 11: Mobility</option><option value="#group-chapter-twelve">Chapter 12: Key trends to watch</option></select></div></header><div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-above "> <div class="field-label">Introduction: </div> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0" property="content:encoded"> <p>Germany has the largest economy in Europe and the fourth- or fifth-largest in the world, depending on whether you use nominal GDP ($4.02 trillion, 2018) or GDP (PPP) ($4.38 trillion, 2018) respectively. In 2017, Germany accounted for 28% of the economy in the eurozone.</p> <p>Germany is ‘car country’: it’s home to a world-leading automobile industry that produces around 6 million cars per annum. One in 15 cars sold worldwide is made in Germany. One in 20 cars worldwide is registered in Germany. The German car industry plays a major role in the country’s economy and has a big impact on the culture – specifically the corporate culture. Company cars (‘Firmenwagen’) are an important element of that culture. </p> <p><em>Source: <a href="http://www.demand.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/25-EC1-Tobias-Kuhnimhof.pdf">Car Ownership and Usage Trends in Germany</a></em></p> <p>For payroll tax purposes, the private use of company cars is considered a benefit in kind (BIK). The value of the BIK is calculated based on a driver's logbook of business and private journeys (the logbook comes with strict requirements for acceptance). Alternatively, the BIK can be calculated via a simplified method that equates the monthly BIK with 1% of the car's list price. The amount thus calculated via the '1% rule' is considered to represent the value of the car's private use per month. This amount is subject to income tax and social security contributions.</p> <p>Other important fiscal topics:</p> <p>– recharging EV batteries at the workplace is exempt from payroll tax;</p> <p>– From 1 September, WLTP-based figures are being used to calculate CO2-based vehicle emission taxes. The trend is upwards, but with carbon taxes at €2 per gram over 95G/km, the impact is minimal.</p> </div> </div> <div class="group-chapter-one-items field-group-accordion field-group-accordion-wrapper effect-none" id="group-chapter-one"><h3 class="field-group-format-toggler accordion-item"><a href="#">Chapter 1: Economic and business environment</a></h3> <div class="field-group-format-wrapper "><div class="field-group-table group_chapter_one_table form-wrapper form-group" id=""><div id="" class="field-group-table group_chapter_one_table "> <table class="field-group-format group_chapter_one_table table table-striped"> <tbody> <tr class=""><th class="field-label">Demographics</th><td class="field-content"><div class="field field-name-field-demographics field-type-text-long field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><p>82.4 million (2019 estimate)</p> <p><em>Source: <a href="http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/germany-population/">World Population Review</a></em></p> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr class=""><th class="field-label">Capital</th><td class="field-content"><div class="field field-name-field-capital field-type-text-long field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><p>Berlin (3.4 million inhabitants)</p> <p><em>Source: <a href="http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/germany-population/">World Population Review</a></em></p> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr class=""><th class="field-label">Major cities</th><td class="field-content"><div class="field field-name-field-major-cities field-type-text-long field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><p>Berlin, Hamburg (1.8 million), Munich (1.3 million), Cologne (1 million), Frankfurt am Main (672,000), Stuttgart (600,000), Düsseldorf (586,000), Dortmund (581,000), Essen (576,000), Bremen (548,000)</p> <p><em>Source: <a href="http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/germany-population/">World Population Review</a></em></p> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr class=""><th class="field-label">Languages</th><td class="field-content"><div class="field field-name-field-languages field-type-text-long field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><p>German</p> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr class=""><th class="field-label">GDP</th><td class="field-content"><div class="field field-name-field-gdp field-type-text-long field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><p>$44,659 per capita (2018)</p> <p><em>Source: <a href="https://countryeconomy.com/gdp/germany">countryeconomy.com</a></em></p> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr class=""><th class="field-label">Unemployment rate</th><td class="field-content"><div class="field field-name-field-unemployment-rate field-type-text-long field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><p>3.3% (Nov. 2018)</p> <p><em>Source: <a href="http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=une_rt_m&lang=en">Eurostat</a></em></p> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr class=""><th class="field-label">Main industries</th><td class="field-content"><div class="field field-name-field-main-industries field-type-text-long field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><p>Technology, automotive, telecommunications, services, agriculture, chemical industry, transport, metallurgy.</p> <p>The economy is dominated by a few large companies, but 99% of all companies are SMEs, often family-owned. This is the so-called <em>Mittelstand</em>. It is considered the backbone of the German economy. </p> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr class=""><th class="field-label">Currency</th><td class="field-content"><div class="field field-name-field-currency field-type-text-long field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><p>Euro</p> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr class=""><th class="field-label">Interest rate</th><td class="field-content"><div class="field field-name-field-interest-rate field-type-text-long field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><p>-0.88% (Jan. 2018)</p> <p><em>Source: <a href="https://basiszinssatz.de/">basissinzsatz.de</a></em></p> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr class=""><th class="field-label">Fleet Maturity Index (scaling)</th><td class="field-content"><div class="field field-name-field-fleet-maturity field-type-text-long field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><p>5/5</p> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr class=""><th class="field-label">Political key info</th><td class="field-content"><div class="field field-name-field-political-key-info field-type-text-long field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><p>Germany is a democratic, federal parliamentary republic, and federal legislative power is vested in the Bundestag (the parliament of Germany) and the Bundesrat (the representative body of the Länder, Germany's regional states).</p> <p>There is a multi-party system that, since 1949, has been dominated by the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) and the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). Angela Merkel has been serving as Chancellor of Germany since 2005 and leader of the centre-right Christian Democratic Union (CDU) since 2000.</p> <p>In domestic policy, health care reform, problems concerning future energy development and more recently her government's approach to the ongoing migrant crisis have been major issues during her Chancellorship. At the end of 2018, Ms Merkel announced that she would not seek reelection in 2021 and appointed Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer as her successor as CDU party leader – and presumptive candidate for the Chancellorship.</p> <p><em>Source: <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/dec/10/angela-merkel-annegret-kramp-karrenbauer-germany-eu">The Guardian</a></em></p> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr class=""><th class="field-label">Inflation</th><td class="field-content"><div class="field field-name-field-inflation field-type-text-long field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><p>1.7% (Dec. 2018)</p> <p><em>Source: <a href="https://www.inflation.eu/inflation-rates/germany/inflation-germany.aspx">inflation.eu</a></em></p> </div> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div></div></div></div><div class="group-chapter-two-items field-group-accordion-wrapper effect-none" id="group-chapter-two"><h3 class="field-group-format-toggler accordion-item"><a href="#">Chapter 2 : Automotive market, segments & sales</a></h3> <div class="field-group-format-wrapper "><div class="field-group-table group_chapter_two_table group-chapter-two-table field-group-table form-wrapper form-group" id=""><div id="" class="field-group-table group_chapter_two_table group-chapter-two-table field-group-table"> <table class="field-group-format group_chapter_two_table table table-striped"> <tbody> <tr class=""><th class="field-label">Total Car park</th><td class="field-content"><div class="field field-name-field-total-car-park field-type-text-long field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><p>46.5 million passenger cars (Jan. 2018), of which 64.5% German brands.</p> <p><em>Source: <a href="https://www.kba.de/DE/Statistik/Fahrzeuge/Bestand/bestand_node.html">KBA</a></em></p> <p>The most popular vehicle types in 2018:</p> <ul> <li>Compacts: 22%</li> <li>SUVs: 18.3% (+20.8%, strongest growing segment)</li> <li>Small cars: 14.5%</li> <li>Midsize cars: 10.9%</li> </ul> <p>The most popular vehicle colours in 2018:</p> <ul> <li>Grey: 29.5%</li> <li>Black: 24.8%</li> <li>White: 20.9%</li> </ul> <p><em>Source: <a href="https://www.kba.de/DE/Presse/Pressemitteilungen/2019/Fahrzeugzulassungen/pm01_2019_n_12_18_pm_komplett.html?nn=646300">KBA</a></em></p> <p><strong>German car market at the end of August 2019:</strong></p> <p>The German car market was up in July (+4.7%) and slightly down in August (-0.8%), resulting in a year-to-date gain for the first eight months of the year of +0.9% - corresponding to just under 2.5 million new cars registered. </p> <ul> <li>SUV sales in August were up 10% to 32.3% of the total</li> <li>C-segment cars (compact sedans) were down 11.6% to just 18.9% of the total. </li> </ul> <p><em>Source: <a href="http://www.autoactu.com/le-marche-allemand-en-legere-hausse-a-fin-aout.shtml">AutoActu</a></em></p> <p> </p> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr class=""><th class="field-label">New vehicle registrations (Cars, LCV, Trucks)</th><td class="field-content"><div class="field field-name-field-new-vehicle-registrations field-type-text-long field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><p>Compared to 2017, Germany's total motorised vehicle market expanded by +0.6% to 4,025,514 units last year, thanks mainly to increases in motorcycle and heavy-vehicle sales. Germany's new-car market, despite exceeding 3 million for the fifth year in a row, contracted slightly. This was attributed to the negative effects of the new WLTP regulations, introduced in September 2018. </p> <p>For 2019, the ZDK (German Federation for Motor Trades and Repairs) expects a similar volume of new car registrations as in 2018: about 3.4 million.</p> <p><em>Source: <a href="https://autovistagroup.com/news-and-insights/autovista-groups-predictions-2019">Autovista</a></em></p> <p>Due to WLTP, registrations went down as carmakers like Renault, Volkswagen and Audi struggled to get vehicles type-approved. The numbers suggest people preferred to wait for cars to become available rather than switching to other OEMs. Experts expect a catch-up effect in the first months of 2019 of around 30,000 additional registrations.</p> <ul> <li>Cars (PKWs): 3,435,778 (-0.2%)</li> <li>Trucks (LKWs): 321,966 (+5%)</li> <li>Motorcycles: 158,258 (+10%)</li> <li>Buses: 6,687 (-0.1%)</li> <li>Tractors: 82,923 (-2.9%)</li> </ul> <p><em>Source: <a href="https://www.best-selling-cars.com/germany/2018-full-year-germany-developments-on-the-new-car-and-vehicle-markets/">Car Sales Statistics</a></em></p> <p> </p> <p>In 2019 the total light vehicle market in Germany amounted to 3.32 million vehicles, up 125,000 units over 2018. Private sales declined by 0.5% (-6,000 vehicles). </p> <p><em>Source: <a href="https://www.dataforce.de/en/news/german-fleet-market-up-in-2019-but-private-sales-down/">Dataforce</a></em></p> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr class=""><th class="field-label">Top 5 brands (total market)</th><td class="field-content"><div class="field field-name-field-top-5-brands-total-market field-type-text-long field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><p>1. Volkswagen (643,518 new registrations in 2018)<br /> 2. Mercedes (319,163)<br /> 3. BMW (265,051)<br /> 4. Audi (255,300)<br /> 5. Ford (252,323)</p> <p><em>Source: <a href="https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/167008/umfrage/neuzulassungen-von-pkw-nach-marken-in-deutschland/">Statista</a></em></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Market share per brand, August 2019 and year-to-date</strong></p> <ul> <li>The fall of VW sales accelerated, from -7% in July to -17% in August. The brand’s year-to-date market share for the first eight months was 18.4% (-6.7%).</li> <li>Mercedes sales were up 22%, both in July and August. The year-to-date market share was 8.9% (+4.5%).</li> <li>Top 3 to 10 year-to-date market shares: Audi (8.1%, -5%), Ford (7.7%, +10.4%), BMW (7.3%, +9%), Opel (6.3%, +2.1%), Skoda (5.9%, +3.8%), Seat (4.1%, +10.4%) and Renault (3.7%)</li> <li>Other good year-to-date performances outside the top 10 but above 2% market share: Hyundai (+9,5%), Dacia (+7,5%), Fiat (+6,4%) and Peugeot (+6,2%)</li> </ul> <p><em>Source: <a href="http://www.autoactu.com/le-marche-allemand-en-legere-hausse-a-fin-aout.shtml">AutoActu</a></em></p> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr class=""><th class="field-label">Model preference top 5 (total market)</th><td class="field-content"><div class="field field-name-field-model-preference-top field-type-text-long field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><p>1. Volkswagen Golf (211.512 new registrations in 2018)<br /> 2. Volkswagen Tiguan (74.749)<br /> 3. Volkswagen Polo (70.488)<br /> 4. Volkswagen Passat (70.007)<br /> 5. Mercedes C-Class (62.784)</p> <p><em>Source: <a href="https://www.handelsblatt.com/auto/nachrichten/verkaufscharts-das-sind-die-beliebtesten-autos-deutschlands/23862632.html?ticket=ST-1658831-Fnn5fbpx0jZab0NUJPcd-ap6">Handelsblatt</a></em></p> <p> </p> <p>Most popular private-market models in 2019: <br /> 1. VW Golf (37,178 sales)<br /> 2. VW Polo (28,277 sales)<br /> 3. VW Tiguan (28,277 sales)</p> <p><em>Source: <a href="https://www.dataforce.de/en/news/german-fleet-market-up-in-2019-but-private-sales-down/">Dataforce</a></em><br />  </p> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr class=""><th class="field-label">Used car market/renewal cycle</th><td class="field-content"><div class="field field-name-field-used-car-market field-type-text-long field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><p>The average age of the car park is 9.4 years.</p> <p><em>Source: <a href="https://www.kba.de/DE/Statistik/Fahrzeuge/Bestand/bestand_node.html">KBA</a></em></p> <p>In 2018, about 7.19 million used cars were sold in Germany, down 1.5% compared to 2017. That slight decline is expected to continue in 2019. </p> <p><em>Source: <a href="https://www.kba.de/DE/Presse/Pressemitteilungen/2019/Fahrzeugzulassungen/pm01_2019_n_12_18_pm_komplett.html?nn=646300">KBA</a>, <a href="https://autovistagroup.com/news-and-insights/autovista-groups-predictions-2019">Autovista</a></em></p> <p> </p> <ul> <li>Diesel RVs will continue to decline slightly but will stabilise over the course of the year. </li> <li>Petrol RVs will not continue to rise but will remain stable due to the weakening used car demand and less oversupply. </li> <li>RVs for alternative fuel vehicles - especially hybrids - will grow slightly as the supply and demand situation is still advantageous. </li> <li>OEM and dealership registrations of new B and C segment cars will grow and apply further pressure on RVs as supply increases. The daily remarketing business of dealerships will therefore be dominated by smaller vehicles with lower diesel penetration.</li> </ul> <p><em>Source: <a href="https://autovistagroup.com/news-and-insights/autovista-groups-predictions-2019">Autovista</a></em></p> </div> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div></div></div></div><div class="group-chapter-three-items field-group-accordion-wrapper effect-none" id="group-chapter-three"><h3 class="field-group-format-toggler accordion-item"><a href="#">Chapter 3: Company car market</a></h3> <div class="field-group-format-wrapper "><div class="field-group-table group_chapter_three_table group-chapter-three-table field-group-table form-wrapper form-group" id=""><div id="" class="field-group-table group_chapter_three_table group-chapter-three-table field-group-table"> <table class="field-group-format group_chapter_three_table table table-striped"> <tbody> <tr class=""><th class="field-label">Total Fleet Park (company cars)/Fleet penetration in total fleet sales</th><td class="field-content"><div class="field field-name-field-total-fleet-park field-type-text-long field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><p>Around 4.5 million cars and LCVs were used as corporate vehicles in Germany in 2017. That's about 10% of the total vehicle park in Germany. </p> <p>There are about 1.6 million corporate fleets in Germany, of which about 16,000 consist of 20 or more vehicles.</p> <p><em>Source: <a href="https://www.vmf-fuhrparkmanagement.de/de/Branche-und-Markt/Flottenmarkt-Deutschland">VMF</a></em> </p> <p>Of the 3.44 million new vehicles registered in Germany in 2018, 63.6% (-1.3%) were for corporate fleets, 36.4% (+2%) for private consumers.</p> <p><em>Source: <a href="https://www.kba.de/DE/Presse/Pressemitteilungen/2019/Fahrzeugzulassungen/pm01_2019_n_12_18_pm_komplett.html">KBA</a></em></p> <p> </p> <p>The German fleet market is flourishing. In 2019, commercial fleet registrations grew by 14.9%. This establishes fleet managers in a more strategic and influential role than ever before.<em> </em></p> <p><em>Source: <a href="https://www.traxallinternational.com/fleet-management-in-germany/">Traxall</a></em></p> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr class=""><th class="field-label">Evolution fleet sales (last 5 years)</th><td class="field-content"><div class="field field-name-field-evolution-fleet-sales field-type-text-long field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><p>2014   +9.5%<br /> 2015   +9.9%<br /> 2016   +5.3%<br /> 2017   +2.1%<br /> 2018    -3.2%</p> <p>The decline was attributed to the introduction of WLTP from September. It should also be put in perspective: 2017 was a record year, the fleet channel marked up 800,000 units for only the third year ever, and Germany beat the UK as the biggest fleet market for the first time since 2012. </p> <p><em>Source: <a href="https://www.dataforce.de/en/news/german-true-fleet-market-is-europes-1-for-2018/">Dataforce</a></em></p> <p>The German fleet market is flourishing. Commercial fleet registrations grew by 14.9% in 2019, which establishes fleet managers in a more strategic and influential role than ever before. Fleet managers must now make business-enhancing decisions within the confines of eco-mobility and evolving taxation and EV subsidy regulations.</p> <p><em>Source: <a href="https://www.traxallinternational.com/fleet-management-in-germany/">Traxall</a></em></p> <p> </p> <p>In 2019, a total of 861,000 true fleet vehicles were sold in Germany, 107,900 (12.5%) more than in 2018. </p> <p><em>Source: <a href="https://www.dataforce.de/en/news/german-fleet-market-up-in-2019-but-private-sales-down/">Dataforce</a></em></p> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr class=""><th class="field-label">Top 5 fleet brands (fleet market)</th><td class="field-content"><div class="field field-name-field-top-5-fleet-brands-fleet field-type-text-long field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><p>1. VW<br /> 2. BMW<br /> 3. Mercedes<br /> 4. Audi<br /> 5. Ford</p> <p>(December 2018)</p> <p><em>Source: <a href="https://www.dataforce.de/en/news/german-true-fleet-market-is-europes-1-for-2018/">KBA</a></em></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Leasing ratio</strong></p> <p>The leasing ratios of Germany’s most popular fleet brands varies strongly:</p> <p>1. BMW: 67%<br /> 2. Audi: 66%<br /> 3. SEAT: 65%<br /> 4. Skoda: 62%<br /> 5. Volkswagen: 60%<br /> 6. Mercedes: 56%<br /> 7. Opel: 52%<br /> 8. Ford: 50%<br /> 9. Renault: 49%<br /> 10. Toyota: 39%</p> <p>(i.e. 67% of all BMWs in fleets are leased, but only 39% of Toyota’s fleet customers resort to leasing).</p> <p><em>Source: <a href="https://www.dataforce.de/en/news/dataforce-germany-leasing-analysis-2019-now-with-brands-and-models/?utm_source=Pressemitteilungen&utm_campaign=e9f9aaaf2b-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2019_04_12_09_07_COPY_01&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_602c2b82e6-e9f9aaaf2b-444234173">Dataforce</a></em><br />  </p> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr class=""><th class="field-label">Fleet Model preference top 5 (fleet market)</th><td class="field-content"><div class="field field-name-field-fleet-model-preference-top field-type-text-long field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><p>1. VW Polo<br /> 2. Ford Fiesta<br /> 3. Opel Corsa<br /> 4. Skoda Fabia<br /> 5. Mini One/Cooper</p> <p>(full-year 2018)</p> <p><em>Source: <a href="https://www.dataforce.de/en/news/german-true-fleet-market-is-europes-1-for-2018/">Dataforce</a></em></p> <p>Most popular true-fleet models in 2019: <br /> 1. VW Golf (43,918 sales)<br /> 2. VW Passat (29,037 sales)<br /> 3. Skoda Octavia (26,982 sales)</p> <p><em>Source: <a href="https://www.dataforce.de/en/news/german-fleet-market-up-in-2019-but-private-sales-down/">Dataforce</a></em></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Leasing ratio</strong></p> <p>The leasing ratios of Germany’s most popular fleet models varies strongly, from 50% for the Opel Astra to 70% for the Audi A4. The vehicle segment and premium factor can only partially explain these differences. The Skoda Octavia is leased more frequently than the Mercedes E-Class, SEAT more often than Ford or Opel. The PSA subsidiary, on the other hand, has the highest leasing share in small fleets in the top 10 brands.</p> <p><em>Source: <a href="https://www.dataforce.de/en/news/dataforce-germany-leasing-analysis-2019-now-with-brands-and-models/?utm_source=Pressemitteilungen&utm_campaign=e9f9aaaf2b-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2019_04_12_09_07_COPY_01&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_602c2b82e6-e9f9aaaf2b-444234173">Dataforce</a></em><br />  </p> </div> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div></div></div></div><div class="group-chapter-four-items field-group-accordion-wrapper effect-none" id="group-chapter-four"><h3 class="field-group-format-toggler accordion-item"><a href="#">Chapter 4: Taxation & legislation</a></h3> <div class="field-group-format-wrapper "><div class="field field-name-field-taxation-legislation field-type-text-long field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><p><em>Get the complete analysis about taxation and legislation in the Fleet Europe Taxation Guide, developed in collaboration with PWC. <a href="https://shop.nexuscommunication.be/en/home/175-fleet-europe-taxation-guide-2020-full-version.html" target="_blank">Click here for more info</a></em></p> <p>The German government levies various taxes and other charges on motoring, such as:</p> <ul> <li>motor vehicle tax (<em>Kraftfahrzeugsteuer</em>) but also </li> <li>VAT (<em>Umsatzsteuer</em>) and excise duties on the purchase of a car and </li> <li>indirect taxation on private use of company cars. </li> </ul> <p>In addition, there are other taxes in Germany directly or indirectly related to the use of vehicles, such as </p> <ul> <li>fuel tax (<em>Energiesteuergesetz</em>) and the </li> <li>truck toll (<em>LKW Maut</em>).</li> </ul> <h2>Registration tax </h2> <p>There is no tax on the registration of cars in Germany. However, to obtain a number plate, a service charge is levied by the local municipality. The sum should not exceed €100.</p> <h2>Motor vehicle tax</h2> <p>Foreign-registered cars are subject to German motor vehicle tax if they are used in Germany for a period of one year or more.</p> <p>Car registration is now strictly linked to a control process with the tax authorities, ensuring that the registered owner or user has paid the due taxes. The system of taxation for cars is quite complex, with a number of limited exemptions for cars with lower emissions of harmful substances, and altogether there are over 40 different tax rates which are partly still in place for older vehicles beside the new emissions-based system which is applicable for motor vehicles registered after July 1, 2009. </p> <p>From May 1, 2005 onwards it is no longer possible to classify SUVs as commercial vehicles/trucks in order to achieve advantages in car taxation.</p> <p>The tax incentives granted for the retrofitting of diesel vehicles with fine particle filters have expired on November 5, 2016.</p> <p>The taxation for motor vehicles registered after July 1, 2009, has changed from a mere engine capacity-based tax to a mixed tax also taking CO2 emissions into account. </p> <p>The introduction of a passenger car toll system is still under discussion.</p> <h2>WLTP</h2> <p>From 1 September 2018, WLTP-based figures are being used to calculate CO2-based vehicle emission taxes. The trend is upwards, but with carbon taxes at €2 per gram over 95G/km, the impact is minimal.</p> <p>Industry experts say the increase in motor vehicle taxation due to WLTP to be between 15 and 25% (or around €50). Increases will be much steeper for some models. </p> <p>For the period from 2018 to 2022, the German Ministry of Finance expects the adjusted motor vehicle tax to bring in additional revenue of €1.1 billion in total.</p> <p><em>Source: <a href="https://www.autozeitung.de/kfz-steuer-191510.html#">Autozeitung</a></em></p> <p>More info in the <a href="http://shop.nexuscommunication.be/en/">TAXATION GUIDE</a> edited by NEXUS COMMUNICATION.</p> </div> </div><div class="contribute-links"><span class="label">To suggest an update:</span><div class="links"><a href="/en/user/login?destination=node/770508" class="btn login-link">Login</a> <span>or</span> <a href="/en/user/register" class="btn register-link">Create an account</a></div></div></div></div><div class="group-chapter-five-items field-group-accordion field-group-accordion-wrapper effect-none" id="group-chapter-five"><h3 class="field-group-format-toggler accordion-item"><a href="#">Chapter 5: Car policies</a></h3> <div class="field-group-format-wrapper "><div class="field field-name-field-car-policies field-type-text-long field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><p>With the increasing number of suppliers, services and new technologies, fleet management has never been this complex. This is prompting an increase in the number of companies turning to external fleet management. The service providers offer cost transparency and standardised processes and, at the same time, are seeing growth in the demand for truly comprehensive services. Many fleet operators not only rely on external services for economic reasons, but also to adequately cover all legal requirements.</p> <p>With the digitalisation of vehicle fleet data, the company car driver is playing an increasingly important role. In future, the connected car will be an important component of future-facing fleet management. A smart phone will establish the connection between the vehicle and user data and act as a data provider for the fleet operator, making manual recording obsolete. </p> </div> </div><div class="contribute-links"><span class="label">To suggest an update:</span><div class="links"><a href="/en/user/login?destination=node/770508" class="btn login-link">Login</a> <span>or</span> <a href="/en/user/register" class="btn register-link">Create an account</a></div></div></div></div><div class="group-chapter-six-items field-group-accordion field-group-accordion-wrapper effect-bounceslide" id="group-chapter-six"><h3 class="field-group-format-toggler accordion-item"><a href="#">Chapter 6: Funding methods</a></h3> <div class="field-group-format-wrapper "><div class="field field-name-field-funding-methods field-type-text-long field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><p>There is a clear positive relationship between company size and operational leasing as the main financing method. </p> <p>No less than 62% of the fleets of larger companies (>1000 employees) in 2017 managed under operational leasing. The figure for the previous year was significantly higher, though (65%). </p> <p>The reduction is significant because of the large numbers involved. It can be explained by a tendency of large companies to be more flexible in resolving their mobility needs, by increasingly using alternatives to traditional buying or leasing, for example long-term renting and carsharing. Mobility budgets are increasingly popular. One example is the BahnCard 100, which offers prepaid mobility on all public transport offered by rail provider Deutsche Bahn.</p> <p>Operational leasing is less widespread with smaller companies (<100 employees) but gaining in popularity: the share of leased vehicles in small corporate fleets increased from 41% in 2016 to 44% in 2017. Smaller companies as yet seem less keen to experiment with mobility alternatives. </p> <p>Fleshing out the leasing contract with service components is still in vogue, while exclusive leasing on the basis of a pure financial rate is on the decline. According to Dataforce, a service contract is also signed in more than half of the fleets that use leasing (51,3%).</p> <p>Extensive and transparent services, as well as mobility packages, are in increasing demand. The spotlight is no longer on the purchase price, but rather on the overall costs of mobility, bringing about ever greater convergence between the business travel and vehicle fleet management segments. </p> <p>Some of the main providers of corporate mobility on the German market include VW Financial Services, Mercedes-Benz Bank and BMW Bank (three captives) and ALD AutoLeasing (the main non-captive). </p> <p>https://www.autohaus.de/nachrichten/dataforce-analyse-leasingmarkt-in-bewegung-2220490.html<br />  </p> <p>as the main financing method. Just 34% of small German companies (up to 100 employees) use operational leasing, while almost 58% of large companies (1,000 employees or more) do so.</p> <p>Fleshing out the leasing contract with service components is still in vogue, while exclusive leasing on the basis of a pure financial rate is on the decline. According to Dataforce, a service contract is also signed in more than half of the fleets that use leasing (51,3%).</p> <p>Extensive and transparent services as well as mobility packages are in high demand (car-sharing). The spotlight is no longer on the purchase price, but rather on the overall costs of mobility, bringing about ever greater convergence between the business travel and vehicle fleet management segments. </p> <p><em>Source: <a href="https://www.autohaus.de/nachrichten/dataforce-analyse-leasingmarkt-in-bewegung-2220490.html">Autohaus</a></em></p> </div> </div><div class="contribute-links"><span class="label">To suggest an update:</span><div class="links"><a href="/en/user/login?destination=node/770508" class="btn login-link">Login</a> <span>or</span> <a href="/en/user/register" class="btn register-link">Create an account</a></div></div></div></div><div class="group-chapter-seven-items field-group-accordion field-group-accordion-wrapper effect-bounceslide" id="group-chapter-seven"><h3 class="field-group-format-toggler accordion-item"><a href="#">Chapter 7: Fuel</a></h3> <div class="field-group-format-wrapper "><div class="field field-name-field-fuel field-type-text-long field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><p><strong>Fuel type segmentation of total new vehicle registrations in 2018 (compared to 2017)</strong></p> <ul> <li>Petrol cars: 62.4% (+4.7%)</li> <li>Diesel cars: 32.3% (-6.5%)</li> <li>Hybrid cars: 3.8% (+53.8%)</li> <li>BEV cars: 1% (+43.9%)</li> <li>PHEV cars: 0.9% (+6.8%)</li> <li>CNG cars: 0.3% (+190.2%)</li> <li>LPG cars: 0.1% (+6%)</li> </ul> <p><em>Source: <a href="https://www.kba.de/DE/Presse/Pressemitteilungen/2019/Fahrzeugzulassungen/pm01_2019_n_12_18_pm_komplett.html">KBA</a></em></p> <p>For the full year 2018 in new True Fleet registrations, diesel declined even more significantly (-12.4% vs. 2017) and petrol increased by the almost exact same percentage share (+12.6%). The most popular EV model in German new fleet registrations in 2018 was the Renault Zoë, with the BMW i3 a close second.</p> <p><em>Source: <a href="https://www.dataforce.de/en/news/german-true-fleet-market-is-europes-1-for-2018/">Dataforce</a></em></p> <p>Ongoing discussions about diesel bans mean buyers, especially user-choosers with higher leasing instalments as well as progressive self-employed and business owners, will increasingly consider electrified vehicles when choosing a new car. The change in taxation on the private use of a hybrid or electric company car will also support demand. Alternative fuel vehicles will continue to grow volume-wise, with hybrids at a much stronger rate than EVs.</p> <p><em>Source: <a href="https://autovistagroup.com/news-and-insights/autovista-groups-predictions-2019">Autovista</a></em></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>The energy mix of new-vehicle sales in Germany in August 2019:</strong></p> <ul> <li>Petrol: 61.4% (-2%)</li> <li>Diesel: 30.2% (-8.2%)</li> <li>EVs: 1.6% (+100%)</li> <li>Hybrids: 5% (also strong progress)</li> <li>PHEVs: 1% (-9%, due to the reduction of sales subsidies)</li> </ul> <p>Measured according to the WLTP standard, the average CO2 emission per vehicle of the vehicles sold in August in Germany was 157.6 g/km.<br /> <em>Source: <a href="http://www.autoactu.com/le-marche-allemand-en-legere-hausse-a-fin-aout.shtml">AutoActu</a></em></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>EV adoption slowly taking off</strong></p> <p>Alternative drive systems, such as hybrids and electric vehicles, are slowly taking off in Germany, even though the higher development and battery costs are driving up the price of an electric car. Example: VW’s ID.3 starts at just under €30,000, while the least-expensive version of the new combustion-powered Golf is less than €20,000. </p> <p>That’s why government and manufacturer subsidies are pivotal in green car adoption to make it a more attractive and affordable option to fleet operators.  </p> <p>German policymakers have recognised that they must also play catch up in the development of viable charging infrastructure. </p> <ul> <li>The government’s push to promote electric cars includes boosting the number of public charging stations to 50,000 within two years.</li> <li>Furthermore, manufacturers will help fund 15,000 stations by 2022.</li> <li>BMW has said it will install 4,100 charging points at its German locations by 2021, with about half being open to the public.</li> </ul> <p><em>Source: <a href="https://www.traxallinternational.com/fleet-management-in-germany/">Traxall</a></em></p> </div> </div><div class="contribute-links"><span class="label">To suggest an update:</span><div class="links"><a href="/en/user/login?destination=node/770508" class="btn login-link">Login</a> <span>or</span> <a href="/en/user/register" class="btn register-link">Create an account</a></div></div></div></div><div class="group-chapter-height-items field-group-accordion field-group-accordion-wrapper effect-bounceslide" id="group-chapter-height"><h3 class="field-group-format-toggler accordion-item"><a href="#">Chapter 8 : TCO components</a></h3> <div class="field-group-format-wrapper "><div class="field field-name-field-tco-components field-type-text-long field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><p>The current Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) analysis is slowly but surely being replaced by an analysis of the Total Cost of Mobility (TCM), thus reflecting the growing demand for corporate car-sharing and other mobility solutions tailor-made for vehicle fleets. </p> <p>The current economic environment offers excellent opportunities for fleet management providers. The generally rising cost pressure means that vehicle fleet budgets are being tested. Fleet operators are wary of spending. </p> <p>New systems are being rolled out to support the operation of vehicle fleets, such as the possibility for drivers to conveniently book the vehicles via the intranet and open them by mobile phone, while the driver's licence is checked via an app. </p> <p>In future, the connected car will be an important component of future-facing fleet management. A smartphone will establish the connection between the vehicle and user data and act as a data provider for the fleet operator, making manual recording obsolete.</p> <p>Many fleet operators rely on external services not just for economic reasons but also to adequately cover all legal requirements. </p> <h2> <br /> The TCO equation</h2> <p>Depreciation and fuel remain the biggest slices in the average TCO pie in Germany: </p> <ul> <li>Depreciation: 30%</li> <li>Fuel: 25%</li> <li>Maintenance and repair: 13%</li> <li>Financing: 11%</li> <li>Insurance: 7%</li> <li>Tyres: 7%</li> <li>Management: 5 %</li> <li>Taxes and fees: 2% </li> </ul> </div> </div><div class="contribute-links"><span class="label">To suggest an update:</span><div class="links"><a href="/en/user/login?destination=node/770508" class="btn login-link">Login</a> <span>or</span> <a href="/en/user/register" class="btn register-link">Create an account</a></div></div></div></div><div class="group-chapter-nine-items field-group-accordion field-group-accordion-wrapper effect-bounceslide" id="group-chapter-nine"><h3 class="field-group-format-toggler accordion-item"><a href="#">Chapter 9: Safety, insurance and telematics</a></h3> <div class="field-group-format-wrapper group-chapter-nine field-group-accordion-item"><div class="field field-name-field-safety-insurance-and-telem field-type-text-long field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><p>As mobility trends loosen the one-on-one link between car and driver, the question of how to adapt insurance coverage becomes increasingly relevant. Users will want to have the same coverage irrespective of their mode of transport. A special case will be the introduction of autonomous cars, where the question of liability will become very hard to resolve. </p> <p>Meanwhile, despite doubts about its viability in the future, the car insurance industry is performing very well: it grew by more than 30% to €26.9 billion over the last seven years. Adjusted for inflation, that's still a total of around 20%, or 3% a year. </p> <p>Telematics fees have only limited space in the German insurance market, according to two large reinsurers who see a market share of 3% as realistic. There is a lot of movement in digital claims management: Mercedes has marketed a new A-Class. After the E-Class, it's the OEM's second model with full default built-in connectivity, offering both data collection and transmission. In the near future, vehicle fleets could become the first segment of the car market the insurance or which will be handled completely digitally. </p> <p>Fleet can also play a crucial role in the introduction of electric vehicles. The business is still deeply red for insurers. For more than ten years, the combined ratio has been well above 100 percent. Up to 107 percent these are the damage and expense ratios of fleet insurers in the four years from 2014 to 2017. The insurers working in this segment must have a very long breath and consider the fleet insurance as a necessary evil to go to other industrial business. The fleet insurers earned premiums of just under € 3.6 billion for liability and collateral for 2017.</p> <p>Marc Odinius, who analyses the fleet business with his company Dataforce, pointed to his major role in the change in the car market. Since 2011, the share of diesel vehicles in fleets has dropped from 76% of new registrations to 64% - a key reason for the general drop in the diesel ratio from 48% to 39%, he said. New registrations in the fleet market are breaking one record after another. however, the market continues to write losses. The good economic situation is driving the fleet business.  </p> <p>The market grew after premiums. Thus, the premiums in 2017 should have increased by 3.6% to €3.61 billion. In terms of revenue, it remains bad. With a fiscal year loss ratio of 95%, fleet risks in the market continue to be inadequate. </p> <p> </p> <p>By law, German companies must ensure that their employees regularly take part in driver training, show their driving license at least twice a year and undergo vehicle inspections, such as accident prevention regulations (UVV). This should all be formalised in a corporate mobility strategy – but such formalities can be costly and time-consuming.</p> <p><em>Source: <a href="https://www.traxallinternational.com/fleet-management-in-germany/">Traxall</a></em></p> </div> </div><div class="contribute-links"><span class="label">To suggest an update:</span><div class="links"><a href="/en/user/login?destination=node/770508" class="btn login-link">Login</a> <span>or</span> <a href="/en/user/register" class="btn register-link">Create an account</a></div></div></div></div><div class="group-chapter-ten-items field-group-accordion field-group-accordion-wrapper effect-bounceslide" id="group-chapter-ten"><h3 class="field-group-format-toggler accordion-item"><a href="#">Chapter 10: Environment</a></h3> <div class="field-group-format-wrapper "><div class="field field-name-field-environment field-type-text-long field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><p>In August 2017, Chancellor Merkel said Germany should join other European countries in banning the sale of new fossil-fuel cars but did not want to be pinned down to an exact year. </p> <p>Considering the importance of its automotive industry and the size of its market, such a decision would be decisive for the decarbonisation of transport in the whole of the EU, and for the wider world. It would also be necessary for Germany to meet its climate targets, experts say.</p> <p>However, as of January 2019, Germany's Federal Transport Minister Andreas Scheuer (CSU) has yet to present a specific plan for transitioning away from internal combustion engines (ICEs). </p> <p>Launched by the federal government in September 2018, the Nationale Plattform 'Zukunft der Mobilität' (NPM; 'National Platform for the Future of Mobility') has formulated a number of proposals to speed up powertrain transition in mobility:</p> <ul> <li>mandatory sales quotas for EVs and PHEVs: 25% in 2025 and 50% in 2030.</li> <li>a general speed limit of 130 km/h on motorways</li> <li>increased taxation of petrol and diesel</li> <li>subsidies of €8000 for EV buyers (financed by the tax on fossil fuels)</li> </ul> <p>Any abrupt move towards electrification is likely to be opposed by the influential lobby for the automotive industry, which continues to rely heavily on the sale of petrol and diesel vehicles. Meanwhile, diesel bans are being pursued at city level. </p> <p> </p> <p>With only around 420,000 electric and hybrid vehicles in a national fleet of 47 million in 2019, the overriding objective of the German government’s climate cabinet has to focus on stimulating demand for low emission cars.</p> <ul> <li>Taxation is one of the principal forms of achieving this goal. Company cars with combustion engines, which are also used privately, are taxed at 1% of the gross list price, whereas electric vehicles and plug-in hybrids (which do not exceed 50g CO2 emissions per kilometre or an electric range of at least 40 km) can be taxed as little as 0.25% and 0.5% respectively.</li> <li>Ms. Merkel, who early in her tenure was known as the “climate chancellor,” has introduced an ambitious package to reduce the country’s climate footprint. Under the terms of the new package, Germany will work to reduce carbon emissions by 55% of 1990 levels by 2030.</li> <li>This means that transportation companies will be required to buy certificates for 10 euros per ton of carbon dioxide emitted and the price will increase to 35 euros per ton by 2025. Plus, the package also includes a range of subsidies and incentives to switch to climate and environmentally friendly vehicles.  </li> <li>Electric and plug-in-hybrid private, commercial and company car scheme vehicles which are included on the BAFA list receive an environmental bonus which is granted 50/50 by the manufacturers and a federal contribution.</li> <li>The Climate Protection Program 2030, which aims to get 10 million electric cars on Germany’s roads, will see this so-called environment bonus jump by 50% to as much as 6,000 euros per electric vehicle. The auto industry will continue to cover half the cost as part of the ongoing commitment to cleaner driving.</li> <li>Subsequently, fleet managers are undoubtedly being encouraged towards EV dominated fleet contracts. However, progress is slow. True fleet registrations in Germany grew by 5.5% in 2019, according to Dataforce but BEVs only accounted for 2.6% of the market.</li> </ul> <p><em>Source: <a href="https://www.traxallinternational.com/fleet-management-in-germany/">Traxall</a></em></p> </div> </div><div class="contribute-links"><span class="label">To suggest an update:</span><div class="links"><a href="/en/user/login?destination=node/770508" class="btn login-link">Login</a> <span>or</span> <a href="/en/user/register" class="btn register-link">Create an account</a></div></div></div></div><div class="group-chapter-eleven-items field-group-accordion field-group-accordion-wrapper effect-bounceslide" id="group-chapter-eleven"><h3 class="field-group-format-toggler accordion-item"><a href="#">Chapter 11: Mobility</a></h3> <div class="field-group-format-wrapper "><div class="field field-name-field-mobility field-type-text-long field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><p>Among larger fleet operators with at least 50 vehicles, 37.9% already offer alternative mobility concepts to their employees, while 35.9% expect them to be used more frequently in the future. The main reasons behind this are the fleet managers' need for more flexibility and environmental aspects.</p> <p>The mostly used solutions are pool vehicles, trains and company bikes. In contrast, 93.3 percent of fleet managers are not interested in E-scooters, while 57.3% of company car drivers would like to drive them.</p> <p><em>Source: <a href="https://www.dataforce.de/en/news/dataforce-germany-leasing-analysis-2019-now-with-brands-and-models/?utm_source=Pressemitteilungen&utm_campaign=e9f9aaaf2b-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2019_04_12_09_07_COPY_01&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_602c2b82e6-e9f9aaaf2b-444234173">Dataforce</a></em></p> <p> </p> <p>Mobility management needs to gather momentum</p> <p>Mobility has become the latest buzzword in fleet management across Europe.<br /> Countries have reaped the rewards of implementing car-sharing, pooling, fleet electrification and diversified modes of travel including trains and bikes into their mobility strategy.</p> <p>Although corporate car sharing is gaining traction within large organisations, Germany is lagging behind in terms of new mobility solutions. </p> <ul> <li>The German Bundesrat only approved e-scooters for road use in May 2019.</li> <li>The government does not actively promote price-advantaged rail travel, which would make it a viable corporate option.</li> <li>Private car-sharing is also not seen as an attractive alternative to having a company car.</li> </ul> <p>Having that company car is still perceived as a highly desirable employee benefit in Germany. However, as the travel needs of employees evolve and the pressure to conform to environmental and social obligations grows, German fleet operators will be forced to rethink their stance on mobility by offering alternative ways to move resources more cost-effectively – and more eco-efficiently.</p> <p><em>Source: <a href="https://www.traxallinternational.com/fleet-management-in-germany/">Traxall</a></em></p> </div> </div><div class="contribute-links"><span class="label">To suggest an update:</span><div class="links"><a href="/en/user/login?destination=node/770508" class="btn login-link">Login</a> <span>or</span> <a href="/en/user/register" class="btn register-link">Create an account</a></div></div></div></div><div class="group-chapter-twelve-items field-group-accordion field-group-accordion-wrapper effect-bounceslide" id="group-chapter-twelve"><h3 class="field-group-format-toggler accordion-item"><a href="#">Chapter 12: Key trends to watch</a></h3> <div class="field-group-format-wrapper "><div class="field field-name-field-key-trends-to-watch field-type-text-long field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><p>The German federal Government decided to implement an infrastructure sharing system (toll) for passenger cars in line with the first model for trucks (above 3,5T). As a consequence, foreign car drivers will have to buy a Vignette in order to drive on the German Autobahn. Although both foreign and domestic car owners will have to pay the toll charge, the latter will obtain tax relief through a deduction from the national vehicle tax of at least the same amount as the toll charge. Surprisingly, however, the European Commission agreed with the German government  on two main changes in the legislation (Infrastrukturabgabengesetz): firstly, a further differentiation of the vignette system from three to five vignettes, emphasizing the environmental impact of the toll; and secondly, lower prices for short-term vignettes, which are typically bought by foreign car owners (introduction expected but still not confirmed by 2021).</p> <p><em>Source: <a href="https://www.tolls.eu/germany">tolls.eu</a>, <a href="https://trans.info/en/fees-from-passenger-cars-on-german-roads-as-early-as-2020-121322">trans.info</a></em></p> <p> </p> <p>After the exhaust gas scandal and the threat of a diesel driving ban, many wonder what is being done to make traffic more effective and sustainable. In May 2018 the top administrative court in Germany officially confirmed that German cities can impose diesel bans in restricted areas with immediate effect. Moreover, it specifies that the bans should not involve Euro 6 diesel cars. The ruling came just one day after the EUs lawsuit against Germany and 5 other member states for its repeated failure to ensure air quality in its cities. All diesel models up until Euro 5 are affected is a major blow to the industry, which is blamed for building cars that emit far more NO<sub>x</sub> in real life than what the Euro 5 threshold (180 mg/km) allows.<br />  </p> <p>Leasing trends</p> <p>The German vehicle leasing sector is experiencing positive growth with company car registrations expected to increase 1.9% over the next five years, partly attributed to employees preferring the salary sacrifice model to fund their cars. Plus, given the uncertainty and high residual risks associated with car ownership, leasing is proving to be an increasingly attractive car finance option.</p> <p>Government initiatives driving down the residual value of air polluting, fuel-guzzling cars, combined with the promotion of EVs through subsidies and tax incentives, is making fleet managers increasingly interested in new mobility contracts – most citing cost and environmental concerns as their motivation for considering a green fleet model.</p> <p>However, EVs and hybrids are only making a significant impact on car-pooling in urban areas where charging stations are easily accessible. It is concerning that latest statistics reveal increasing registrations of diesel cars in the fleet sector particularly where long-distance driving makes diesel the most cost-effective fuel choice.  But at what price?</p> <p>Reticence to opt for greener mobility solutions is not sustainable long-term for the environment or the economy. Although EV adoption in Germany has been much slower than some other European countries, several German cities, Berlin included have already banned diesel cars.</p> <p>Increasing restrictions, introducing environmental zones and prohibiting high-polluting vehicles from entering a city is a step in the right direction. But pollution-laden travel is still an issue across Germany. Ethical stance, corporate responsibility and legislation need to change dramatically if Germany is to see the decline of diesel gather momentum in line with the rest of Europe.</p> <p><em>Source: <a href="https://www.traxallinternational.com/fleet-management-in-germany/">Traxall</a></em></p> <p> </p> <p>The three biggest challenges for fleet operators in Germany:</p> <p><strong>1. The fast-paced, dynamic and highly competitive automotive sector.</strong><br />  <br /> Successful fleet managers must take a proactive stance on advising customers on new legislation, sourcing greener initiatives and smarter ways to operate – from reduced vehicle downtime and increased journey optimisation to eliminating fuel waste and air pollution. </p> <p><strong>2. Finding qualified and professional staff</strong></p> <p>Notably staff who have the ability to adapt to the multifaceted and ever evolving services and qualities required by the profession. Traditional fleet management is evolving fast – it is now so much more than getting goods and resources from A to B efficiently.<br /> It has transformed into a wider asset and solution management role – from people and environmental management, operational and legislative knowledge to budget control and technical automotive expertise. </p> <p><strong>3. Digitisalisation</strong></p> <p>Digitalisation provides insightful data that could improve and evolve services and safety but the restrictions of data protection often hinder the ability to use findings to deliver best practice.</p> <p><em>Source: <a href="https://www.traxallinternational.com/fleet-management-in-germany/">Traxall</a></em></p> </div> </div><div class="contribute-links"><span class="label">To suggest an update:</span><div class="links"><a href="/en/user/login?destination=node/770508" class="btn login-link">Login</a> <span>or</span> <a href="/en/user/register" class="btn register-link">Create an account</a></div></div></div></div><span property="dc:title" content="Germany" class="rdf-meta element-hidden"></span> </article> </div> <div class="region region-sub-content"> <div id="block-fieldblock-node-wikifleet-default-field-partners" class="block block-fieldblock"> <h3 class="block-title"><span class="title-span">Partners</span></h3> <div 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