Treasury Sanctions Enablers of the Intellexa Commercial Spyware Consortium

<!DOCTYPE html>  <html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="content: http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/ dc: http://purl.org/dc/terms/ foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ og: http://ogp.me/ns# rdfs: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema# schema: http://schema.org/ sioc: http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns# sioct: http://rdfs.org/sioc/types# skos: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core# xsd: http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema# "> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-QTKLZK8R7K"></script> <script>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments)};gtag("js", new Date());gtag("set", "developer_id.dMDhkMT", true);gtag("config", "G-QTKLZK8R7K", {"groups":"default","page_placeholder":"PLACEHOLDER_page_location","allow_ad_personalization_signals":false});gtag("config", "UA-19138737-19", {"groups":"default","anonymize_ip":true,"page_placeholder":"PLACEHOLDER_page_path","allow_ad_personalization_signals":false});</script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy2581" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="U.S. Department of the Treasury" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy2581" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Treasury Sanctions Enablers of the Intellexa Commercial Spyware Consortium" /> <meta property="og:description" content="WASHINGTON — Today, the Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) sanctioned five individuals and one entity associated with the Intellexa Consortium for their role in developing, operating, and distributing commercial spyware technology that presents a significant threat to the national security of the United States. These designations complement concerted U.S. government actions against commercial spyware vendors, including previous sanctions against individuals and entities associated with the Intellexa Consortium; the Department of Commerce’s addition of commercial spyware vendors to the Entity List; and the Department of State’s visa ban policy targeting those who misuse or profit from the misuse of commercial spyware, subsequently exercised on thirteen individuals. “The United States will not tolerate the reckless propagation of disruptive technologies that threatens our national security and undermines the privacy and civil liberties of our citizens,” said Acting Under Secretary of the Treasury for Terrorism and Financial Intelligence Bradley T. Smith. “We will continue to hold accountable those that seek to enable the proliferation of exploitative technologies, while also encouraging the responsible development of technologies that align with international standards.” Today’s action reaffirms the United States’ commitment to countering the exploitation of Americans’ sensitive data and digital authoritarianism, and aligns with a series of U.S. Government actions to counter the proliferation and misuse of commercial spyware, including the issuance of Executive Order (E.O.) 14093 to Prohibit U.S. Government Use of Commercial Spyware that Poses Risks to National Security; the Joint Statement on Efforts to Counter the Proliferation and Misuse of Commercial Spyware; and the Guiding Principles on Government Use of Surveillance Technologies. These measures reflect the U.S. Government’s commitment to use all available tools and authorities, including sanctions as well as export controls and visa restrictions, to counter the misuse of such sophisticated surveillance technology. targeting the global commercial spyware networkThe Intellexa Consortium is a complex international web of decentralized companies that built and commercialized a comprehensive suite of highly invasive spyware products, primarily marketed under the brand-name “Predator.” The consortium was founded by Tal Jonathan Dilian (Dilian), an individual designated pursuant to E.O. 13694, as amended by E.O. 13757 (“E.O. 13694, as amended”). Predator spyware can be used to gain access to data stored and transmitted from the target’s device, such as a cellphone, through one-click and zero-click attacks that require no user interaction for the spyware to infect the device.Successful Predator spyware attacks can provide the spyware’s operators with access to sensitive information on the victim’s device, including photos, geolocation data, personal messages, and microphone records. As a part of the growing commercial spyware industry, the Intellexa Consortium maintains operations around the world, and its clients include state-sponsored actors and governments. Past targets of the Intellexa Consortium’s spyware products include government officials, journalists, policy experts, and opposition politicians.Felix Bitzios (Bitzios) is the beneficial owner of an Intellexa Consortium company that was used to supply Predator spyware to a foreign government client. Bitzios also acted as the manager of Intellexa S.A., a company in the Intellexa Consortium that was designated pursuant to E.O. 13694, as amended.Andrea Nicola Constantino Hermes Gambazzi is the beneficial owner of Thalestris Limited and Intellexa Limited, members of the Intellexa Consortium that were designated pursuant to E.O. 13694, as amended. Thalestris Limited holds distribution rights to the Predator spyware, and is the parent company to Intellexa S.A. Thalestris Limited has been involved in processing transactions on behalf of other entities within the Intellexa Consortium. Merom Harpaz is a top executive of the Intellexa Consortium, and acted as a manager of Intellexa S.A.Panagiota Karaoli is the director of multiple Intellexa Consortium entities that are controlled by or are a subsidiary of Thalestris Limited. Artemis Artemiou (Artemiou) is the general manager and member of the board of Cytrox Holdings Zartkoruen Mukodo Reszvenytarsasag (Cytrox Holdings), a member of the Intellexa Consortium that was designated pursuant to E.O. 13694, as amended. Artemiou is also an employee of Intellexa S.A.Aliada GroupInc. (Aliada Group), a British Virgin Islands-based company and member of the Intellexa Consortium, has enabled tens of millions of dollars of transactions involving the network. The Aliada Group is directed by Dilian. The Aliada Group was associated with Intellexa S.A. and Intellexa Limited, and held shares in Cytrox Holdings. Felix Bitzios, Andrea Nicola Constantino Hermes Gambazzi, Merom Harpaz, Panagiota Karaoli, Artemis Artemiou¸ and the Aliada Group Inc. are being designated pursuant to E.O. 13694, as amended, for being responsible for or complicit in, or having engaged in, directly or indirectly, cyber-enabled activities originating from, or directed by persons located, in whole or in substantial part, outside the United States that are reasonably likely to result in, or have materially contributed to, a significant threat to the national security, foreign policy, or economic health or financial stability of the United States and that have the purpose or effect of causing a significant misappropriation of funds or economic resources, trade secrets, personal identifiers, or financial information for commercial or competitive advantage or private financial gain.SANCTIONS IMPLICATIONSAs a result of today’s action, all property and interests in property of the designated persons described above that are in the United States or in the possession or control of U.S. persons are blocked and must be reported to OFAC. In addition, any entities that are owned, directly or indirectly, individually or in the aggregate, 50 percent or more by one or more blocked persons are also blocked. Unless authorized by a general or specific license issued by OFAC, or exempt, OFAC’s regulations generally prohibit all transactions by U.S. persons or within (or transiting) the United States that involve any property or interests in property of designated or otherwise blocked persons. Non-U.S. persons are also prohibited from causing or conspiring to cause U.S. persons to wittingly or unwittingly violate U.S. sanctions, as well as engaging in conduct that evades U.S. sanctions. OFAC’s Economic Sanctions Enforcement Guidelines provide more information regarding OFAC’s enforcement of U.S. sanctions, including the factors that OFAC generally considers when determining an appropriate response to an apparent violation.In addition, financial institutions and other persons that engage in certain transactions or activities with the sanctioned entities and individuals may expose themselves to sanctions or be subject to an enforcement action. Prohibitions include the making of any contribution or provision of funds, goods, or services by, to, or for the benefit of any designated person, or the receipt of any contribution or provision of funds, goods, or services from any such person. The power and integrity of OFAC sanctions derive not only from OFAC’s ability to designate and add persons to the SDN List, but also from its willingness to remove persons from the SDN List consistent with the law. The ultimate goal of sanctions is not to punish, but to bring about a positive change in behavior. For information concerning the process for seeking removal from an OFAC list, including the SDN List, please refer to OFAC’s Frequently Asked Question 897 here. For detailed information on the process to submit a request for removal from an OFAC sanctions list, please click here.Click here for more information on the individuals and entities designated today.### " /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://home.treasury.gov/system/files/291/treasury-preview-1900x950.jpg" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/jpeg" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1900px" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="950px" /> <meta property="og:image:alt" content="U.S. Department of the Treasury" /> <meta property="og:updated_time" content="2024-09-16" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@USTreasury" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Treasury Sanctions Enablers of the Intellexa Commercial Spyware Consortium" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://home.treasury.gov/system/files/291/treasury-preview-1080x1080.jpg" /> <meta name="twitter:image:alt" content="U.S. 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href="/about/general-information/organizational-chart">Organizational Chart</a></p> <p><a href="/about/general-information/orders-and-directives">Orders and Directives</a></p> </div> </div> <div data-block-plugin-id="block_content:43c80fae-0d72-480c-a816-6dc13b206886" class="block block-block-content block-block-content43c80fae-0d72-480c-a816-6dc13b206886 no-underline"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><h2><a href="https://home.treasury.gov/about/offices">Offices</a></h2><p><a href="/about/offices/diversity-equity-inclusion-and-accessibility">Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Accessibility </a></p><p><a href="/about/offices/domestic-finance">Domestic Finance</a></p><p><a href="/about/offices/economic-policy">Economic Policy</a></p><p><a href="/about/offices/general-counsel">General Counsel</a></p><p><a href="/about/offices/international-affairs">International Affairs</a></p><p><a href="/about/offices/management">Management</a></p><p><a href="/about/offices/public-affairs">Public Affairs</a></p><p><a href="/about/offices/tax-policy">Tax Policy</a></p><p><a href="/about/offices/terrorism-and-financial-intelligence">Terrorism and Financial Intelligence</a></p><p><a href="/policy-issues/tribal-affairs">Tribal and Native Affairs</a></p><p><a href="/services/report-fraud-waste-and-abuse/inspectors-general">Inspectors General</a></p></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="secretarys-bio sub-nav-group secretary-column" id="column-3"> <div class="block-region-col3"> <div data-block-plugin-id="block_content:599924e8-ff63-46da-a2ed-4f3c5739455d" class="block block-block-content block-block-content599924e8-ff63-46da-a2ed-4f3c5739455d no-underline"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><h2><a href="/about/bureaus">Bureaus</a></h2><p><a href="https://www.ttb.gov/">Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB)</a></p><p><a href="https://www.moneyfactory.gov/">Bureau of Engraving & Printing (BEP)</a></p><p><a href="https://www.fincen.gov/">Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN)</a></p><p><a href="https://www.fiscal.treasury.gov/">Bureau of the Fiscal Service (BFS)</a></p><p><a href="https://www.irs.gov/">Internal Revenue Service (IRS)</a></p><p><a href="https://www.occ.treas.gov/">Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC)</a></p><p><a href="https://www.usmint.gov/">U.S. Mint</a></p><p><a href="https://www.treasury.gov/about/organizational-structure/ig/Pages/default.aspx">Office of Inspector General (OIG)</a></p><p><a href="https://www.treasury.gov/tigta/">Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration (TIGTA)</a></p><p><a href="https://www.sigpr.gov/">Special Inspector General for Pandemic Recovery (SIGPR)</a></p></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sub-nav-group secretary-remarks secretary-column" id="column-4"> <div class="block-region-col4"> <div data-block-plugin-id="block_content:3e5cbfc4-de8d-4151-9710-95efaf040648" class="block block-block-content block-block-content3e5cbfc4-de8d-4151-9710-95efaf040648 no-underline"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><h2><a href="/about/budget-financial-reporting-planning-and-performance">Budget, Financial Reporting, Planning and Performance</a></h2> <p><a href="/about/budget-financial-reporting-planning-and-performance/strategic-plan">Strategic Plan</a></p> <p><a href="/about/budget-financial-reporting-planning-and-performance/budget-requestannual-performance-plan-and">Budget Request/Annual Performance Plan and Reports</a></p> <p><a href="/about/budget-financial-reporting-planning-and-performance/agency-financial-report">Agency Financial Report</a></p> <p><a href="/about/budget-financial-reporting-planning-and-performance/inspector-general-audits-and">Inspector General Audits and Investigative Reports</a></p> <p><a href="/about/budget-financial-reporting-planning-and-performance/climate-action-plan">Climate Action Plan</a></p> <p><a href="/about/budget-financial-reporting-planning-and-performance/irs-strategic-operating-plan">IRS Strategic Operating Plan</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sub-nav-group secretary-travel-schedule secretary-column" id="column-5"> <div class="block-region-col5"> <div data-block-plugin-id="block_content:d3de5c5c-98cb-46d1-8d23-a582bae1298c" class="block block-block-content block-block-contentd3de5c5c-98cb-46d1-8d23-a582bae1298c no-underline"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><h2><a href="/about/history">History</a></h2> <p><a href="/about/history/curator">Curator</a></p> <p><a href="/about/history/history-overview">History Overview</a></p> <p><a href="/about/history/prior-secretaries">Prior Secretaries</a></p> <p><a href="/about/history/treasurers-of-the-united-states">Prior Treasurers</a></p> <p><a href="/about/history/the-treasury-building">The Treasury Building</a></p> <p><a href="/about/history/collection">Collections</a></p> <p><a href="/about/history/freedmans-bank-building">Freedman's Bank Building</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sub-nav-group secretary-column" id="column-6"> <div class="block-region-col6"> <div data-block-plugin-id="block_content:d6469877-15d1-4dd2-9da1-c4a8c29fde97" class="block block-block-content block-block-contentd6469877-15d1-4dd2-9da1-c4a8c29fde97 no-underline"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><h2><a href="/about/careers-at-treasury">Careers</a></h2><p><a href="/about/careers-at-treasury/careers-at-headquarters">At Headquarters</a></p><p><a href="/about/careers-at-treasury/careers-at-our-bureaus">At Our Bureaus </a></p><p><a href="/about/careers-at-treasury/top-ten-reasons-to-work-for-treasury">Top 10 Reasons to Work Here</a></p><p><a href="/about/careers-at-treasury/benefits-and-growth">Benefits and Growth</a></p><p><a href="/about/careers-at-treasury/diversity">Diversity </a></p><p><a href="/about/careers-at-treasury/veterans-employment">Veterans Employment</a></p><p><a href="/about/careers-at-treasury/pathways-programs">Pathways</a></p><p><a href="/about/careers-at-treasury/how-to-apply">How to Apply</a></p><p><a href="https://treasury.usajobs.gov/">Search Jobs</a></p><p><a href="/about/careers-at-treasury/the-fair-chance-to-compete-act">The Fair Chance to Compete Act</a></p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item "> <a href="/policy-issues" class="mm-top" onclick="return false;">Policy Issues</a> <div class="sub-nav"> <article class="node node--type-mega_menu_panel node--view-mode-full clearfix"> <div> <div class="treas-search-menu grid-container" id="megamenu-search"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="treas-search-menu__component"> <div class="search-block searchgov_block_wrapper"> <div class="region region-search-menu"> <div id="block-hamilton-searchgovblock" data-block-plugin-id="searchgov_block" class="block block-searchgov-drupal block-searchgov-block no-underline"> <form id="search_form" action="https://search.usa.gov/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" /> <input type="hidden" name="affiliate" id="affiliate" value="treas" /> <label for="query">Enter Search Term(s):</label> <input type="text" name="query" id="query" autocomplete="off" placeholder="Enter keywords" class="usagov-search-autocomplete" /> <div class="adv-search-link"><a href="https://search.usa.gov/search/advanced?affiliate=treas" class="hidden">Advanced Search</a></div> <input type="submit" name="commit" value="GO" class="search-form__submit" data-disable-with="Search" /> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mobile-sub-nav"> <div class="block-region-col1"> <div data-block-plugin-id="entity_field:node:title" class="block block-ctools-block block-entity-fieldnodetitle no-underline"> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-above">Policy Issues</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mobile-scroll-wrap"> <div class="sub-nav-group secretarys-photo secretary-column" id="column-2"> <div class="block-region-col2"> <div data-block-plugin-id="block_content:d04f9ad6-8502-4a94-abb5-ba63eb109bec" class="block block-block-content block-block-contentd04f9ad6-8502-4a94-abb5-ba63eb109bec no-underline"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><h2 style="padding-bottom:14px;"><a href="https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/inflation-reduction-act">Inflation Reduction Act</a></h2></div> </div> <div data-block-plugin-id="block_content:87238aca-8139-42ee-bd6e-b2fe3ab84737" class="block block-block-content block-block-content87238aca-8139-42ee-bd6e-b2fe3ab84737 no-underline"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><h2><a href="https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/coronavirus">COVID19 Economic Relief</a></h2> <p><a href="https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/coronavirus/assistance-for-American-families-and-workers">American Families and Workers</a></p> <p><a href="https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/coronavirus/assistance-for-small-businesses">Small Businesses</a></p> <p><a href="https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/coronavirus/assistance-for-state-local-and-tribal-governments">State, Local, and Tribal Governments</a></p> <p><a href="https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/coronavirus/assistance-for-american-industry">American Industry</a></p> </div> </div> <div data-block-plugin-id="block_content:a85db02e-9805-4e62-919b-1d3fc20955bd" class="block block-block-content block-block-contenta85db02e-9805-4e62-919b-1d3fc20955bd no-underline"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><h2><a href="/policy-issues/tax-policy">Tax Policy</a></h2> <p><a href="/policy-issues/tax-policy/revenue-proposals">Revenue Proposals</a></p> <p><a href="/policy-issues/tax-policy/tax-expenditures">Tax Expenditures</a></p> <p><a href="/policy-issues/tax-policy/international-tax">International Tax</a></p> <p><a href="/policy-issues/tax-policy/treaties">Treaties and Related Documents</a></p> <p><a href="/policy-issues/tax-policy/foreign-account-tax-compliance-act">Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) </a></p> <p><a href="/policy-issues/tax-policy/office-of-tax-policy-reports">Reports</a></p> <p><a href="/policy-issues/tax-policy/office-of-tax-analysis">Tax Analysis</a></p> <p><a href="/policy-issues/tax-policy/tax-regulatory-process">Tax Regulatory Process</a></p> </div> </div> <div data-block-plugin-id="block_content:b27482cc-fe38-4184-bee3-7e852d3f332c" class="block block-block-content block-block-contentb27482cc-fe38-4184-bee3-7e852d3f332c no-underline"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><h2><a href="/policy-issues/climate-change">Climate Change</a></h2></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="secretarys-bio sub-nav-group secretary-column" id="column-3"> <div class="block-region-col3"> <div data-block-plugin-id="block_content:45a7d3ca-8604-4462-bf30-0677d48e49c4" class="block block-block-content block-block-content45a7d3ca-8604-4462-bf30-0677d48e49c4 no-underline"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><h2><a href="/policy-issues/economic-policy">Economic Policy</a></h2> <p><a href="/data/treasury-coupon-issues-and-corporate-bond-yield-curves/treasury-coupon-issues">Treasury Coupon Issues</a></p> <p><a href="/data/treasury-coupon-issues-and-corporate-bond-yield-curve/corporate-bond-yield-curve">Corporate Bond Yield Curve</a></p> <p><a href="/policy-issues/economic-policy/economic-policy-reports">Economic Policy Reports</a></p> <p><a href="/policy-issues/economic-policy/social-security-and-medicare-trustee-reports">Social Security and Medicare</a></p> <p><a href="/policy-issues/economic-policy/total-taxable-resources">Total Taxable Resources</a></p> </div> </div> <div data-block-plugin-id="block_content:504b3551-baa1-4c2a-9f14-21016fc2bc43" class="block block-block-content block-block-content504b3551-baa1-4c2a-9f14-21016fc2bc43 no-underline"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><h2><a href="/policy-issues/terrorism-and-illicit-finance">Terrorism and Illicit Finance</a></h2> <p><a href="https://ofac.treasury.gov/">Sanctions</a></p> <p><a href="/policy-issues/terrorism-and-illicit-finance/treasury-executive-office-for-asset-forfeiture-teoaf">Asset Forfeiture</a></p> <p><a href="/policy-issues/terrorism-and-illicit-finance/domestic-violent-extremism">Domestic Violent Extremism</a></p> <p><a href="/policy-issues/terrorism-and-illicit-finance/311-actions">311 Actions</a></p> <p><a href="/policy-issues/terrorism-and-illicit-finance/terrorist-finance-tracking-program-tftp">Terrorist Finance Tracking Program</a></p> <p><a href="/policy-issues/terrorism-and-illicit-finance/money-laundering">Money Laundering</a></p> <p><a href="/policy-issues/terrorism-and-illicit-finance/financial-action-task-force">Financial Action Task Force</a></p> <p><a href="/about/offices/terrorism-and-financial-intelligence/protecting-charitable-organizations">Protecting Charitable Organizations</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sub-nav-group secretary-remarks secretary-column" id="column-4"> <div class="block-region-col4"> <div data-block-plugin-id="block_content:edc8b9ed-47da-4ab8-80bd-3fb2302d29a9" class="block block-block-content block-block-contentedc8b9ed-47da-4ab8-80bd-3fb2302d29a9 no-underline"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><h2><a href="/policy-issues/financing-the-government">Financing the Government </a></h2> <p><a href="/policy-issues/financing-the-government/quarterly-refunding">Treasury Quarterly Refunding</a></p> <p><a href="/policy-issues/financing-the-government/interest-rate-statistics">Interest Rate Statistics</a></p> <p><a href="/policy-issues/financing-the-government/treasury-marketable-and-non-marketable-securities">Treasury Securities</a></p> <p><a href="/policy-issues/financing-the-government/treasury-investor-data">Treasury Investor Data</a></p> <p><a href="/policy-issues/financing-the-government/debt-management-research">Debt Management Research</a></p> </div> </div> <div data-block-plugin-id="block_content:8b280840-59f6-4a11-b57d-2a1973bb0316" class="block block-block-content block-block-content8b280840-59f6-4a11-b57d-2a1973bb0316 no-underline"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><h2><a href="/policy-issues/financial-markets-financial-institutions-and-fiscal-service">Financial Markets, Financial Institutions, and Fiscal Service</a></h2> <p><a href="/policy-issues/financial-markets-financial-institutions-and-fiscal-service/cash-and-debt-forecasting">Cash and Debt Forecasting</a></p> <p><a href="/policy-issues/financial-markets-financial-institutions-and-fiscal-service/debt-limit">Debt Limit</a></p> <p><a href="/policy-issues/financial-markets-financial-institutions-and-fiscal-service/fsoc">Financial Stability Oversight Council</a></p> <p><a href="/policy-issues/financial-markets-financial-institutions-and-fiscal-service/federal-insurance-office">Federal Insurance Office</a></p> <p><a href="/policy-issues/financial-markets-financial-institutions-and-fiscal-service/restore-act">RESTORE Act</a></p> <p><a href="/policy-issues/financial-markets-financial-institutions-and-fiscal-service/1603-program-payments-for">1603 Program</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.cdfifund.gov/">The Community Development Financial Institution (CDFI) Fund</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.makinghomeaffordable.gov/">Making Home Affordable</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sub-nav-group secretary-travel-schedule secretary-column" id="column-5"> <div class="block-region-col5"> <div data-block-plugin-id="block_content:e779a09f-978f-4675-8c82-4d49327126bb" class="block block-block-content block-block-contente779a09f-978f-4675-8c82-4d49327126bb no-underline"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><h2><a href="https://ofac.treasury.gov/">Financial Sanctions</a></h2> <p><a href="https://ofac.treasury.gov/specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-list-sdn-human-readable-lists">Specially Designated Nationals List (SDN List)</a></p> <p><a href="https://ofac.treasury.gov/consolidated-sanctions-list-non-sdn-lists">Consolidated Sanctions List</a></p> <p><a href="https://ofac.treasury.gov/sanctions-list-search-tool">Search OFAC's Sanctions Lists</a></p> <p><a href="https://ofac.treasury.gov/other-ofac-sanctions-lists">Additional Sanctions Lists</a></p> <p><a href="https://ofac.treasury.gov/recent-actions">OFAC Recent Actions</a></p> <p><a href="https://ofac.treasury.gov/sanctions-programs-and-country-information">Sanctions Programs and Country Information</a></p> <p><a href="https://ofac.treasury.gov/faqs">Frequently Asked Questions</a></p> <p><a href="https://ofac.treasury.gov/civil-penalties-and-enforcement-information">OFAC Civil Penalties and Enforcement</a></p> <p><a href="https://ofac.treasury.gov/contact-ofac">Contact OFAC</a></p> </div> </div> <div data-block-plugin-id="block_content:2ca3d625-6c59-4e8d-af94-c1e12a9a5e41" class="block block-block-content block-block-content2ca3d625-6c59-4e8d-af94-c1e12a9a5e41 no-underline"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><h2><a href="/policy-issues/consumer-policy">Consumer Policy</a></h2> <p><a href="/policy-issues/consumer-policy/financial-literacy-and-education-commission">Financial Literacy and Education Commission</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.mymoney.gov/">Mymoney.gov</a></p> <p><a href="/policy-issues/consumer-policy/innovations-in-financial-services">Innovations in Financial Services</a></p> <p><a href="/policy-issues/consumer-policy/featured-research">Featured Research</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sub-nav-group secretary-column" id="column-6"> <div class="block-region-col6"> <div data-block-plugin-id="block_content:db30dc82-8265-4b2b-a85f-2d67961ebe49" class="block block-block-content block-block-contentdb30dc82-8265-4b2b-a85f-2d67961ebe49 no-underline"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><h2><a href="/policy-issues/international">International</a></h2><p><a href="/policy-issues/international/the-committee-on-foreign-investment-in-the-united-states-cfius">The Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS)</a></p><p><a href=" /policy-issues/international/outbound-investment-program">Outbound Investment Security Program </a></p><p><a href="/policy-issues/international/exchange-stabilization-fund">Exchange Stabilization Fund</a></p><p><a href="/policy-issues/international/g-7-and-g-20">G-7 and G-20</a></p><p><a href="/policy-issues/international/international-monetary-fund">International Monetary Fund</a></p><p><a href="/policy-issues/international/multilateral-development-banks">Multilateral Development Banks</a></p><p><a href="/policy-issues/international/macroeconomic-and-foreign-exchange-policies-of-major-trading-partners">Macroeconomic and Foreign Exchange Policies of Major Trading Partners</a></p><p><a href="/policy-issues/international/exchange-rate-analysis">Exchange Rate Analysis</a></p><p><a href="/policy-issues/international/us-china-comprehensive-economic-dialogue">U.S.-China Comprehensive Strategic Economic Dialogue (CED)</a></p></div> </div> <div data-block-plugin-id="block_content:ee06edda-a3f6-4eb7-9711-46c815e911a9" class="block block-block-content block-block-contentee06edda-a3f6-4eb7-9711-46c815e911a9 no-underline"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><h2><a href="/policy-issues/small-business-programs">Small Business Programs</a></h2> <p><a href="/policy-issues/small-business-programs/small-and-disadvantaged-business-utilization-0">Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization</a></p> <p><a href="/policy-issues/small-business-programs/small-business-lending-fund">Small Business Lending Fund</a></p> <p><a href="/policy-issues/small-business-programs/state-small-business-credit-initiative-ssbci">State Small Business Credit Initiative</a></p> </div> </div> <div data-block-plugin-id="block_content:67ed2f97-7a9f-4b86-9df7-e63b30af96ae" class="block block-block-content block-block-content67ed2f97-7a9f-4b86-9df7-e63b30af96ae no-underline"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><h2><a href="/policy-issues/tribal-affairs">Tribal Affairs</a></h2> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item "> <a href="/data" class="mm-top" onclick="return false;">Data</a> <div class="sub-nav"> <article class="node node--type-mega_menu_panel node--view-mode-full clearfix"> <div> <div class="treas-search-menu grid-container" id="megamenu-search"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="treas-search-menu__component"> <div class="search-block searchgov_block_wrapper"> <div class="region region-search-menu"> <div id="block-hamilton-searchgovblock" data-block-plugin-id="searchgov_block" class="block block-searchgov-drupal block-searchgov-block no-underline"> <form id="search_form" action="https://search.usa.gov/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" /> <input type="hidden" name="affiliate" id="affiliate" value="treas" /> <label for="query">Enter Search Term(s):</label> <input type="text" name="query" id="query" autocomplete="off" placeholder="Enter keywords" class="usagov-search-autocomplete" /> <div class="adv-search-link"><a href="https://search.usa.gov/search/advanced?affiliate=treas" class="hidden">Advanced Search</a></div> <input type="submit" name="commit" value="GO" class="search-form__submit" data-disable-with="Search" /> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mobile-sub-nav"> <div class="block-region-col1"> <div data-block-plugin-id="entity_field:node:title" class="block block-ctools-block block-entity-fieldnodetitle no-underline"> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-above">Data</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mobile-scroll-wrap"> <div class="sub-nav-group secretarys-photo secretary-column" id="column-2"> <div class="block-region-col2"> <div data-block-plugin-id="block_content:9258b68a-9e90-42b1-b7c5-9049081662a0" class="block block-block-content block-block-content9258b68a-9e90-42b1-b7c5-9049081662a0 no-underline"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><h2><a href="/policy-issues/financing-the-government/interest-rate-statistics">Interest Rates</a></h2><p><a href="/resource-center/data-chart-center/interest-rates/TextView?type=daily_treasury_yield_curve&field_tdr_date_value=2024">Daily Treasury Par Yield Curve Rates</a></p><p><a href="/resource-center/data-chart-center/interest-rates/TextView?type=daily_treasury_real_yield_curve&field_tdr_date_value=2024">Daily Treasury Par Real Yield Curve Rates</a></p><p><a href="/resource-center/data-chart-center/interest-rates/TextView?type=daily_treasury_bill_rates&field_tdr_date_value=2024">Daily Treasury Bill Rates</a></p><p><a href="/resource-center/data-chart-center/interest-rates/TextView?type=daily_treasury_long_term_rate&field_tdr_date_value=2024">Daily Treasury Long-Term Rates</a></p><p><a href="/resource-center/data-chart-center/interest-rates/TextView?type=daily_treasury_real_long_term&field_tdr_date_value=2024">Daily Treasury Real Long-Term Rates</a></p><p> </p></div> </div> <div data-block-plugin-id="block_content:edd753f5-38d8-4209-a98c-27488d0d2fb1" class="block block-block-content block-block-contentedd753f5-38d8-4209-a98c-27488d0d2fb1 no-underline"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><h2><a href="/data/treasury-coupon-issues-and-corporate-bond-yield-curves">Treasury Coupon-Issue and Corporate Bond Yield Curve</a></h2> <p><a href="/data/treasury-coupon-issues-and-corporate-bond-yield-curves/treasury-coupon-issues">Treasury Coupon Issues</a></p> <p><a href="/data/treasury-coupon-issues-and-corporate-bond-yield-curve/corporate-bond-yield-curve">Corporate Bond Yield Curve</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="secretarys-bio sub-nav-group secretary-column" id="column-3"> <div class="block-region-col3"> <div data-block-plugin-id="block_content:3e280843-aad7-4e99-a3ad-4aa1d8d38a45" class="block block-block-content block-block-content3e280843-aad7-4e99-a3ad-4aa1d8d38a45 no-underline"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><h2>Federal Financial Data</h2> <p><a href="https://fiscaldata.treasury.gov/americas-finance-guide/ ">Your Guide to America’s Finances</a></p> <p><a href="https://fiscaldata.treasury.gov/datasets/monthly-treasury-statement/summary-of-receipts-outlays-and-the-deficit-surplus-of-the-u-s-government">Monthly Treasury Statement</a></p> <p><a href="https://fiscaldata.treasury.gov/datasets/daily-treasury-statement/operating-cash-balance">Daily Treasury Statement</a></p> </div> </div> <div data-block-plugin-id="block_content:40da813f-5ffa-4ef2-9e52-6767d2e42042" class="block block-block-content block-block-content40da813f-5ffa-4ef2-9e52-6767d2e42042 no-underline"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><h2><a href="https://usaspending.gov">How Your Money Is Spent</a></h2> <p><a href="https://www.usaspending.gov/">USAspending.gov</a></p> </div> </div> <div data-block-plugin-id="block_content:1fa5995a-90da-46f6-98f6-f892b7e83b25" class="block block-block-content block-block-content1fa5995a-90da-46f6-98f6-f892b7e83b25 no-underline"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><h2><a href="https://www.treasurydirect.gov/govt/reports/pd/pd_debttothepenny.htm">National Debt</a></h2> <p><a href="https://fiscaldata.treasury.gov/datasets/debt-to-the-penny/debt-to-the-penny">National Debt to the Penny</a></p> <p><a href="https://fiscaldata.treasury.gov/datasets/historical-debt-outstanding/historical-debt-outstanding">Historical Debt Outstanding</a></p> <p><a href="https://fiscaldata.treasury.gov/datasets/monthly-statement-public-debt/summary-of-treasury-securities-outstanding">Monthly Statement of the Public Debt </a></p> </div> </div> <div data-block-plugin-id="block_content:5f1697f3-3b2e-4ac3-9b73-2c49fa9926d0" class="block block-block-content block-block-content5f1697f3-3b2e-4ac3-9b73-2c49fa9926d0 no-underline"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sub-nav-group secretary-remarks secretary-column" id="column-4"> <div class="block-region-col4"> <div data-block-plugin-id="block_content:65eef870-0ea4-4f5d-995e-a15fa42d00bc" class="block block-block-content block-block-content65eef870-0ea4-4f5d-995e-a15fa42d00bc no-underline"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><h2><a href="/policy-issues/financing-the-government/quarterly-refunding">Quarterly Refunding</a></h2> <p><a href="/policy-issues/financing-the-government/quarterly-refunding/treasury-quarterly-refunding-process">Debt Management Overview and Quarterly Refunding Process</a></p> <p><a href="/policy-issues/financing-the-government/quarterly-refunding/most-recent-quarterly-refunding-documents">Most Recent Documents</a></p> <p><a href="/policy-issues/financing-the-government/quarterly-refunding/quarterly-refunding-archives">Archives</a></p> <p><a href="/policy-issues/financing-the-government/quarterly-refunding/treasury-quarterly-refunding-webcasts">Webcasts</a></p> </div> </div> <div data-block-plugin-id="block_content:b3900a1b-1a1f-4663-8abc-c1c74528e6bc" class="block block-block-content block-block-contentb3900a1b-1a1f-4663-8abc-c1c74528e6bc no-underline"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><h2><a href="/data/investor-class-auction-allotments">Investor Class Auction Allotments</a></h2> <p> </p> <h2><a href="/data/other-programs">Other Programs</a></h2> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sub-nav-group secretary-travel-schedule secretary-column" id="column-5"> <div class="block-region-col5"> <div data-block-plugin-id="block_content:2a347020-8bd3-4994-88ba-c085eb54364b" class="block block-block-content block-block-content2a347020-8bd3-4994-88ba-c085eb54364b no-underline"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><h2><a href="/data/treasury-international-capital-tic-system">Treasury International Capital (TIC) System</a></h2><p><a href="/data/treasury-international-capital-tic-system">U.S International Portfolio Investment Statistics</a></p><p><a href="/data/treasury-international-capital-tic-system-home-page/release-dates-of-tic-data-0">Release Dates</a></p><p><a href="/data/treasury-international-capital-tic-system-home-page/tic-forms-instructions">Forms and Instructions</a></p><p><a href="/data/tic-press-releases-by-topic">TIC Press Releases</a></p></div> </div> <div data-block-plugin-id="block_content:b79c5b27-c09f-4372-9f3a-15b7b804a842" class="block block-block-content block-block-contentb79c5b27-c09f-4372-9f3a-15b7b804a842 no-underline"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><h2><a href="/data/us-international-reserve-position">U.S. International Reserve Position</a></h2> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sub-nav-group secretary-column" id="column-6"> <div class="block-region-col6"> <div data-block-plugin-id="block_content:7b74c93b-9cc7-4791-a582-c36e910c5d41" class="block block-block-content block-block-content7b74c93b-9cc7-4791-a582-c36e910c5d41 no-underline"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><h2><a href="/data/troubled-assets-relief-program">Troubled Assets Relief Program</a></h2> <p><a href="/data/troubled-assets-relief-program/reports">Reports</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item "> <a href="/services" class="mm-top" onclick="return false;">Services</a> <div class="sub-nav"> <article class="node node--type-mega_menu_panel node--view-mode-full clearfix"> <div> <div class="treas-search-menu grid-container" id="megamenu-search"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="treas-search-menu__component"> <div class="search-block searchgov_block_wrapper"> <div class="region region-search-menu"> <div id="block-hamilton-searchgovblock" data-block-plugin-id="searchgov_block" class="block block-searchgov-drupal block-searchgov-block no-underline"> <form id="search_form" action="https://search.usa.gov/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" /> <input type="hidden" name="affiliate" id="affiliate" value="treas" /> <label for="query">Enter Search Term(s):</label> <input type="text" name="query" id="query" autocomplete="off" placeholder="Enter keywords" class="usagov-search-autocomplete" /> <div class="adv-search-link"><a href="https://search.usa.gov/search/advanced?affiliate=treas" class="hidden">Advanced Search</a></div> <input type="submit" name="commit" value="GO" class="search-form__submit" data-disable-with="Search" /> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mobile-sub-nav"> <div class="block-region-col1"> <div data-block-plugin-id="entity_field:node:title" class="block block-ctools-block block-entity-fieldnodetitle no-underline"> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-above">Services</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mobile-scroll-wrap"> <div class="sub-nav-group secretarys-photo secretary-column" id="column-2"> <div class="block-region-col2"> <div data-block-plugin-id="block_content:cd22a6d8-a500-49bb-a312-73c7d2985388" class="block block-block-content block-block-contentcd22a6d8-a500-49bb-a312-73c7d2985388 no-underline"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><h2><a href="/services/report-fraud-waste-and-abuse">Report Fraud, Waste & Abuse</a></h2> <p><a href="/services/report-fraud-waste-and-abuse/covid-19-scams">Report COVID-19 Scam Attempts</a></p> <p><a href="/services/report-fraud-waste-and-abuse/report-scam-attempts">Report Scam Attempts</a></p> <p><a href="/services/report-fraud-waste-and-abuse/report-fraud-or-misconduct-related-to-government-contracts-or">Report Fraud Related to Government Contracts</a></p> <p><a href="/services/report-fraud-waste-and-abuse/inspectors-general">Inspectors General</a></p> </div> </div> <div data-block-plugin-id="block_content:5c206fe4-3cd6-4a7f-b337-75d6f0042fbc" class="block block-block-content block-block-content5c206fe4-3cd6-4a7f-b337-75d6f0042fbc no-underline"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><h2><a href="/services/bonds-and-securities">Bonds and Securities</a></h2> <p><a href="https://www.treasurydirect.gov/tdhome.htm">Buy, Manage, and Redeem</a></p> <p><a href="https://treasuryhunt.gov/">Treasury Hunt - Search for Matured Bonds</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.treasurydirect.gov/indiv/research/indepth/ebonds/res_e_bonds_eeredeem_disaster.htm">Cashing Savings Bonds in Disaster-Declared Areas</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.treasurydirect.gov/faq.htm">Frequently Asked Questions</a></p> </div> </div> <div data-block-plugin-id="block_content:1337c6e2-5df1-4e57-9bb8-7d76ca39c94c" class="block block-block-content block-block-content1337c6e2-5df1-4e57-9bb8-7d76ca39c94c no-underline"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><h2><a href="/services/grant-programs">Grant Programs</a></h2> <p><a href="/services/social-impact-partnerships/sippra-pay-for-results">Pay for Results (SIPPRA)</a></p> <p><a href="/policy-issues/financial-markets-financial-institutions-and-fiscal-service/restore-act">RESTORE Act</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.cdfifund.gov/Pages/default.aspx">Community Development Financial Institution (CDFI) Fund</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="secretarys-bio sub-nav-group secretary-column" id="column-3"> <div class="block-region-col3"> <div data-block-plugin-id="block_content:697d3b79-4238-4159-8111-a4b033f11319" class="block block-block-content block-block-content697d3b79-4238-4159-8111-a4b033f11319 no-underline"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><h2><a href="/services/treasury-payments">Treasury Payments</a></h2><p><a href="https://www.irs.gov/refunds">Where is my Refund?</a></p><p><a href="https://fiscal.treasury.gov/pirs/i-want-to.html">Lost or Expired Check</a></p><p><a href="https://www.fiscal.treasury.gov/fsservices/indiv/pmt/dirExpss/dirExpss_home.htm">Direct Express Card</a></p><p><a href="https://www.fiscal.treasury.gov/fsservices/gov/pmt/eft/eft_home.htm">Non-Benefit Federal Payments</a></p><p><a href="https://fiscal.treasury.gov/GoDirect/">Electronic Federal Benefit Payments - GoDirect</a></p></div> </div> <div data-block-plugin-id="block_content:a42a1c43-137d-4599-8c4e-4d6f6030ed6b" class="block block-block-content block-block-contenta42a1c43-137d-4599-8c4e-4d6f6030ed6b no-underline"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><h2><a href="https://home.treasury.gov/services/currency-and-coins">Currency and Coins</a></h2> <p><a href="https://www.usmint.gov/">Shop for Coin Products</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.bep.gov/services">Shop for Currency Products </a></p> <p><a href="https://www.bep.gov/services/mutilated-currency-redemption">Redeem Damaged Currency</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.bep.gov/">Bureau of Engraving and Printing</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.usmint.gov/">U.S Mint</a></p> <p> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sub-nav-group secretary-remarks secretary-column" id="column-4"> <div class="block-region-col4"> <div data-block-plugin-id="block_content:162bab68-efbe-4083-832b-1499417428d2" class="block block-block-content block-block-content162bab68-efbe-4083-832b-1499417428d2 no-underline"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><h2><a href="/services/treasury-auctions">Auctions</a></h2><p><a href="https://www.irsauctions.gov/">IRS Auctions</a></p><p><a href="https://www.treasury.gov/auctions/treasury/rp/">Real Estate</a></p><p><a href="https://www.treasury.gov/auctions/treasury/gp/">General Property, Vehicles, Vessels & Aircraft</a></p></div> </div> <div data-block-plugin-id="block_content:04a3cfc7-3c51-4a8f-b13b-6c8463269c42" class="block block-block-content block-block-content04a3cfc7-3c51-4a8f-b13b-6c8463269c42 no-underline"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><h2><a href="/services/the-multiemployer-pension-reform-act-of-2014">Kline-Miller Multiemployer Pension Reform Act of 2014 </a></h2> <p><a href="/services/the-multiemployer-pension-reform-act-of-2014/applications-for-benefit-suspension">Applications</a></p> <p><a href="/services/the-multiemployer-pension-reform-act-of-2014/frequently-asked-questions-about-the-kline-miller-multiemployer-pension-reform-act">Frequently Asked Questions</a></p> </div> </div> <div data-block-plugin-id="block_content:a7453ce4-9a46-433f-bb6e-f7d19f11a1bc" class="block block-block-content block-block-contenta7453ce4-9a46-433f-bb6e-f7d19f11a1bc no-underline"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><h2><a href="/services/education">Education</a></h2> <p> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sub-nav-group secretary-travel-schedule secretary-column" id="column-5"> <div class="block-region-col5"> <div data-block-plugin-id="block_content:b91a7ac1-1e69-4dd7-abd4-e453901167a0" class="block block-block-content block-block-contentb91a7ac1-1e69-4dd7-abd4-e453901167a0 no-underline"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><h2><a href="/services/taxes">Taxes</a></h2> <p><a href="https://www.irs.gov/">Internal Revenue Service (IRS) </a></p> <p><a href="https://www.irs.gov/forms-instructions">IRS Forms, Instructions & Publications</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.irs.gov/refunds">Refund Status</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.irs.gov/businesses/corporations/foreign-account-tax-compliance-act-fatca">Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act</a></p> </div> </div> <div data-block-plugin-id="block_content:e66a6639-cf86-4822-b84e-2afeb5caa7c7" class="block block-block-content block-block-contente66a6639-cf86-4822-b84e-2afeb5caa7c7 no-underline"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body 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</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="block-hamilton-page-title" data-block-plugin-id="page_title_block" class="block block-core block-page-title-block no-underline"> <h2 class="uswds-page-title"><span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Treasury Sanctions Enablers of the Intellexa Commercial Spyware Consortium</span> </h2> </div> <div id="block-addthisblock" data-block-plugin-id="addthis_block" class="block block-treasury-core block-addthis-block no-underline"> <div class="addthis_inline_share_toolbox"></div> </div> <div id="block-hamilton-content" data-block-plugin-id="system_main_block" class="block block-system block-system-main-block no-underline"> <article about="/news/press-releases/jy2581" class="entity--type-node"> <div> <div class="date-format field field--name-field-news-publication-date field--type-datetime field--label-hidden field__item"><time datetime="2024-09-16T14:30:00Z" class="datetime">September 16, 2024</time> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-news-body field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>WASHINGTON — Today, the Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) sanctioned five individuals and one entity associated with the Intellexa Consortium for their role in developing, operating, and distributing commercial spyware technology that presents a significant threat to the national security of the United States. These designations complement concerted U.S. government actions against commercial spyware vendors, including previous <a href="/news/press-releases/jy2155">sanctions against</a> individuals and entities associated with the Intellexa Consortium; the Department of Commerce’s <a href="https://www.bis.doc.gov/index.php/documents/about-bis/newsroom/press-releases/3297-2023-07-18-bis-press-package-spyware-document/file">addition of commercial spyware vendors</a> to the Entity List; and the Department of State’s <a href="https://www.state.gov/announcement-of-a-visa-restriction-policy-to-promote-accountability-for-the-misuse-of-commercial-spyware/#:~:text=This%20visa%20restriction%20policy%20is,unlawfully%20surveil%2C%20harass%2C%20suppress%2C">visa ban policy</a> targeting those who misuse or profit from the misuse of commercial spyware, subsequently exercised on <a href="https://www.state.gov/promoting-accountability-for-the-misuse-of-commercial-spyware/">thirteen individuals</a>.  </p><p>“The United States will not tolerate the reckless propagation of disruptive technologies that threatens our national security and undermines the privacy and civil liberties of our citizens,” said Acting Under Secretary of the Treasury for Terrorism and Financial Intelligence Bradley T. Smith. “We will continue to hold accountable those that seek to enable the proliferation of exploitative technologies, while also encouraging the responsible development of technologies that align with international standards.” </p><p>Today’s action reaffirms the United States’ commitment to countering the exploitation of Americans’ sensitive data and digital authoritarianism, and aligns with a series of U.S. Government actions to counter the proliferation and misuse of commercial spyware, including the issuance of <a href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2023/03/27/executive-order-on-prohibition-on-use-by-the-united-states-government-of-commercial-spyware-that-poses-risks-to-national-security/">Executive Order (E.O.) 14093 to Prohibit U.S. Government Use of Commercial Spyware that Poses Risks to National Security</a>; the <a href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2024/03/18/joint-statement-on-efforts-to-counter-the-proliferation-and-misuse-of-commercial-spyware/#:~:text=We%20therefore%20share%20a%20fundamental,risk%20around%20the%20world%3B%20defending">Joint Statement on Efforts to Counter the Proliferation and Misuse of Commercial Spyware</a>; and the <a href="https://www.state.gov/guiding-principles-on-government-use-of-surveillance-technologies/">Guiding Principles on Government Use of Surveillance Technologies</a>. These measures reflect the U.S. Government’s commitment to use all available tools and authorities, including sanctions as well as export controls and visa restrictions, to counter the misuse of such sophisticated surveillance technology. </p><h3>targeting the global commercial spyware network</h3><p>The Intellexa Consortium is a complex international web of decentralized companies that built and commercialized a comprehensive suite of highly invasive spyware products, primarily marketed under the brand-name “Predator.” The consortium was founded by Tal Jonathan Dilian (Dilian), an individual designated pursuant to E.O. 13694, as amended by E.O. 13757 (“E.O. 13694, as amended”). </p><p>Predator spyware can be used to gain access to data stored and transmitted from the target’s device, such as a cellphone, through one-click and zero-click attacks <strong>that require no user interaction for the spyware to infect the device</strong>.Successful Predator spyware attacks can provide the spyware’s operators with access to sensitive information on the victim’s device, including photos, geolocation data, personal messages, and microphone records. As a part of the growing commercial spyware industry, the Intellexa Consortium maintains operations around the world, and its clients include state-sponsored actors and governments. Past targets of the Intellexa Consortium’s spyware products include government officials, journalists, policy experts, and opposition politicians.</p><p><strong>Felix Bitzios</strong> (Bitzios) is the beneficial owner of an Intellexa Consortium company that was used to supply Predator spyware to a foreign government client. Bitzios also acted as the manager of Intellexa S.A., a company in the Intellexa Consortium that was designated pursuant to E.O. 13694, as amended.</p><p><strong>Andrea Nicola Constantino Hermes Gambazzi</strong> is the beneficial owner of Thalestris Limited and Intellexa Limited, members of the Intellexa Consortium that were designated pursuant to E.O. 13694, as amended. Thalestris Limited holds distribution rights to the Predator spyware, and is the parent company to Intellexa S.A. Thalestris Limited has been involved in processing transactions on behalf of other entities within the Intellexa Consortium.   </p><p><strong>Merom Harpaz</strong> is a top executive of the Intellexa Consortium, and acted as a manager of Intellexa S.A.</p><p><strong>Panagiota Karaoli</strong> is the director of multiple Intellexa Consortium entities that are controlled by or are a subsidiary of Thalestris Limited. </p><p><strong>Artemis Artemiou </strong>(Artemiou) is the general manager and member of the board of Cytrox Holdings Zartkoruen Mukodo Reszvenytarsasag (Cytrox Holdings), a member of the Intellexa Consortium that was designated pursuant to E.O. 13694, as amended. Artemiou is also an employee of Intellexa S.A.</p><p><strong>Aliada GroupInc. </strong>(Aliada Group), a British Virgin Islands-based company and member of the Intellexa Consortium, has enabled tens of millions of dollars of transactions involving the network. The Aliada Group is directed by Dilian. The Aliada Group was associated with Intellexa S.A. and Intellexa Limited, and held shares in Cytrox Holdings.   <strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Felix Bitzios, </strong>Andrea Nicola Constantino Hermes Gambazzi, Merom Harpaz, Panagiota Karaoli, Artemis Artemiou¸ and the<strong> </strong>Aliada Group Inc.<strong> </strong>are being designated pursuant to E.O. 13694, as amended, for being responsible for or complicit in, or having engaged in, directly or indirectly, cyber-enabled activities originating from, or directed by persons located, in whole or in substantial part, outside the United States that are reasonably likely to result in, or have materially contributed to, a significant threat to the national security, foreign policy, or economic health or financial stability of the United States and that have the purpose or effect of causing a significant misappropriation of funds or economic resources, trade secrets, personal identifiers, or financial information for commercial or competitive advantage or private financial gain.</p><h3>SANCTIONS IMPLICATIONS</h3><p>As a result of today’s action, all property and interests in property of the designated persons described above that are in the United States or in the possession or control of U.S. persons are blocked and must be reported to OFAC. In addition, any entities that are owned, directly or indirectly, individually or in the aggregate, 50 percent or more by one or more blocked persons are also blocked. Unless authorized by a general or specific license issued by OFAC, or exempt, OFAC’s regulations generally prohibit all transactions by U.S. persons or within (or transiting) the United States that involve any property or interests in property of designated or otherwise blocked persons. Non-U.S. persons are also prohibited from causing or conspiring to cause U.S. persons to wittingly or unwittingly violate U.S. sanctions, as well as engaging in conduct that evades U.S. sanctions. OFAC’s <a href="https://ofac.treasury.gov/media/7566/download?inline">Economic Sanctions Enforcement Guidelines</a> provide more information regarding OFAC’s enforcement of U.S. sanctions, including the factors that OFAC generally considers when determining an appropriate response to an apparent violation.</p><p>In addition, financial institutions and other persons that engage in certain transactions or activities with the sanctioned entities and individuals may expose themselves to sanctions or be subject to an enforcement action. Prohibitions include the making of any contribution or provision of funds, goods, or services by, to, or for the benefit of any designated person, or the receipt of any contribution or provision of funds, goods, or services from any such person. </p><p>The power and integrity of OFAC sanctions derive not only from OFAC’s ability to designate and add persons to the SDN List, but also from its willingness to remove persons from the SDN List consistent with the law. The ultimate goal of sanctions is not to punish, but to bring about a positive change in behavior. For information concerning the process for seeking removal from an OFAC list, including the SDN List, please refer to <a href="https://ofac.treasury.gov/faqs/897">OFAC’s Frequently Asked Question 897 here</a>. <a href="https://ofac.treasury.gov/specially-designated-nationals-list-sdn-list/filing-a-petition-for-removal-from-an-ofac-list">For detailed information on the process to submit a request for removal from an OFAC sanctions list, please click here</a>.<br><br><a href="https://ofac.treasury.gov/recent-actions/20240916">Click here for more information on the individuals and entities designated today</a>.</p><p class="text-align-center">###<br> </p></div> <div class="field field--name-field-news-use-featured-image field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Use featured image</div> <div class="field__item">Off</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </section>  <aside class="sidebar-second sidebars" id="sidebar-second"> <div class="region region-sidebar-second"> <div class="views-element-container block block-views block-views-blocklatest-news-block-1 no-underline" id="block-views-block-latest-news-block-1" data-block-plugin-id="views_block:latest_news-block_1"> <div><div class="latest-news view view-latest-news view-id-latest_news view-display-id-block_1 js-view-dom-id-72c30df3ea0bc95616aefa62d0e43a9ab0362bf74330f21ffa49152d34166d99"> <div class="view-header"> <h2>Latest News</h2> </div> <div class="view-content"> <div class="date-format">November 21, 2024 </div> <div> <a href="/news/press-releases/jy2726" hreflang="en">Remarks by Secretary of the Treasury Janet L. 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Treasury Sanctions Enablers of the Intellexa Commercial Spyware Consortium | U.S. Department of the Treasury