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class="icon"></span> </li> <li class="tabItem marginal" data-related-content="studyMarginals" aria-label="marginal"> <span class="icon"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="navigationContents"> <div id="studyDiscover" class="studyPane active tabContent"> <div class="section"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui"><strong>Overview of 2 Corinthians</strong></span></h3><div class="summaryOverview"><ul class="content"><li class='scalableui'><div class="overview chapterOnly"> <ul class="outline"><li class="L1 collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><p class="se title"><span class="itemLabel"><strong>D.</strong> </span><strong>ARGUMENTS TO OFFSET THE INFLUENCE OF FALSE APOSTLES (</strong><a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/10#h=44:0-60:0"><strong>10:1–12:21</strong></a><strong>)</strong></p><span class="icon"></span></div><ul><li class="L2"><p class="s5"><strong>1. Paul defends his ministry (</strong><a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/10#h=44:0-47:0"><strong>10:1-18</strong></a><strong>)</strong></p><ul><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Using weapons that are not fleshly but powerful by God (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/10#h=44:0-45:0">10:1-6</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Paul replies to accusations of being weak (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/10#h=45:0-46:0">10:7-12</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Paul does not boast outside his assigned territory (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/10#h=46:0-47:0">10:13-18</a>)</p></li></ul></li><li class="L2"><p class="s5"><strong>2. Paul and the superfine apostles (</strong><a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/11#h=47:0-50:0"><strong>11:1-15</strong></a><strong>)</strong></p><ul><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Paul feels godly jealousy; he wants to present the Corinthians as “a chaste virgin to the Christ” (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/11#h=47:0-47:757">11:1-5</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Paul’s determination not to be a burden on anyone (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/11#h=47:757-50:0">11:6-15</a>)</p></li></ul></li><li class="L2"><p class="s5"><strong>3. Paul’s hardships as an apostle (</strong><a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/11#h=50:0-55:0"><strong>11:16-33</strong></a><strong>)</strong></p></li><li class="L2"><p class="s5"><strong>4. Paul’s visions and his “thorn in the flesh” (</strong><a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/12#h=55:0-60:0"><strong>12:1-21</strong></a><strong>)</strong></p><ul><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Vision of the third heaven and paradise (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/12#h=55:0-56:155">12:1-7a</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Paul speaks about his “thorn in the flesh” and God’s undeserved kindness (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/12#h=55:781-57:0">12:7b-10</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Paul not inferior to the superfine apostles (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/12#h=57:0-58:0">12:11-13</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Paul’s concern for the Corinthians (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/12#h=58:0-60:0">12:14-21</a>)</p></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div> </li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="47-12-1" data-section-citation="047012001047012001"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">2 Corinthians 12:1</span></h3><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/12/251" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-252"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ac 2:17</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-252" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-252" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/12/252" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-253"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ac 22:17, 18</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-253" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-253" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p459" data-pid="459" class="se"></p> <div id="p460" data-pid="460"><p data-pid="460" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/502/0"><em>The Watchtower</em> (Study)<em>,</em></a></p><p data-pid="460" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/502/0">12/2018, p. 8</a></p> </div><p id="p461" data-pid="461" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p153" data-pid="153" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/151/0">w18.12 8;</a></p> <p id="p154" data-pid="154" class="sx"></p> <p id="p172" data-pid="172" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/170/0">w83 12/15 30;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/170/2"> w59 69;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/170/3"> w52 248</a></p> <p id="p173" data-pid="173" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="47-12-2" data-section-citation="047012002047012002"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">2 Corinthians 12:2</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p4" data-pid="4" class="s5"><strong>a man:</strong> Paul does not name the man who received this supernatural vision, but the context strongly suggests that Paul is referring to himself. In defending his qualifications as an apostle against the attacks of such opposers as the “superfine apostles” (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/1/0" data-bid="2-1" class="b">2Co 11:5,</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/1/1" data-bid="2-2" class="b"> 23</a>), Paul cites as evidence the “supernatural visions and revelations of the Lord” that he has received (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/2/0" data-bid="3-1" class="b">2Co 12:1</a>). Since the Bible does not speak of any other person who had such an experience, Paul is logically the man here described.</p> <p id="p5" data-pid="5" class="s5"><strong>the third heaven:</strong> In the Scriptures, “heaven” may refer to the physical heavens or to the spiritual heavens, the place where Jehovah and his angels live. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/3/0" data-bid="4-1" class="b">Ge 11:4;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/3/1" data-bid="4-2" class="b"> Isa 63:15</a>) However, the word may also refer to a government, whether ruled by man or by God. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/4/0" data-bid="5-1" class="b">Isa 14:12;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/4/1" data-bid="5-2" class="b"> Da 4:25, 26</a>) Here Paul is apparently describing a revelation of something in the future, a revelation that he received through a vision. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/5/0" data-bid="6-1" class="b">2Co 12:1</a>) At times, the Scriptures repeat things three times to add intensity or strength. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/6/0" data-bid="7-1" class="b">Isa 6:3;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/6/1" data-bid="7-2" class="b"> Eze 21:27;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/6/2" data-bid="7-3" class="b"> Re 4:8</a>) It seems, then, that “the third heaven” that Paul saw was the ultimate government, God’s Messianic Kingdom, the heavenly government made up of Jesus Christ and his 144,000 corulers.—<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/7/0" data-bid="8-1" class="b">Isa 65:17;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/7/1" data-bid="8-2" class="b"> 66:22;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/7/2" data-bid="8-3" class="b"> 2Pe 3:13;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/7/3" data-bid="8-4" class="b"> Re 14:1-5</a>.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p461" data-pid="461" class="se"></p> <p id="p462" data-pid="462" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/503/0"><em>Bearing Witness,</em> p. 12</a></p> <div id="p463" data-pid="463"><p data-pid="463" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/504/0"><em>The Watchtower</em> (Study)<em>,</em></a></p><p data-pid="463" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/504/0">12/2018, p. 8</a></p> </div><p id="p464" data-pid="464" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/505/0"><em>Insight,</em> Volume 1<em>,</em> p. 1062</a></p> <p id="p465" data-pid="465" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/506/0"><em>Insight,</em> Volume 2<em>,</em> p. 586</a></p> <div id="p466" data-pid="466"><p data-pid="466" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/507/0"><em>The Watchtower,</em></a></p><p data-pid="466" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/507/0">12/15/2004, p. 30</a></p><p data-pid="466" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/508/0">10/15/2004, pp. 8-10</a></p><p data-pid="466" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/509/0">7/15/2000, p. 27</a></p> </div><p id="p467" data-pid="467" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p154" data-pid="154" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/152/0">bt 12;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/152/2"> w18.12 8;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/152/5"> it-1 1062;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/152/7"> it-2 586;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/152/9"> w04 10/15 8-10;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/152/11"> w04 12/15 30;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/152/13"> w00 7/15 27;</a></p> <p id="p155" data-pid="155" class="sx"></p> <p id="p173" data-pid="173" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/171/0">w83 12/15 30;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/171/2"> w77 135;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/171/4"> sl 131-132;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/171/6"> ad 735,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/171/7"> 1276;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/171/8"> w70 767-768;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/171/10"> w59 69;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/171/11"> w57 295;</a><span class="ni"> nh 186;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/171/13"> w52 248;</a><span class="ni"> el 286;</span><span class="ni"> w49 187</span></p> <p id="p174" data-pid="174" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="47-12-3" data-section-citation="047012003047012003"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">2 Corinthians 12:3</span></h3><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p174" data-pid="174" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/172/0">w83 11/15 28-29;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/172/2"> w59 69;</a><span class="ni"> nh 186;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/172/4"> w52 248;</a><span class="ni"> w49 187-188</span></p> <p id="p175" data-pid="175" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="47-12-4" data-section-citation="047012004047012004"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">2 Corinthians 12:4</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p7" data-pid="7" class="s5"><strong>paradise:</strong> The Greek word <em>pa·raʹdei·sos</em> occurs three times in the Christian Greek Scriptures. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/9/0" data-bid="10-1" class="b">Lu 23:43</a>, see <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/0/0">study note;</a> <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/10/0" data-bid="11-1" class="b">2Co 12:4;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/10/1" data-bid="11-2" class="b"> Re 2:7</a>) Similar words can be found in both Hebrew (<em>par·desʹ</em> at <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/11/0" data-bid="12-1" class="b">Ne 2:8;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/11/1" data-bid="12-2" class="b"> Ec 2:5;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/11/2" data-bid="12-3" class="b"> Ca 4:13</a>) and Persian (<em>pairidaeza</em>). All three words convey the basic idea of a beautiful park or parklike garden. The word “paradise” can mean various things in this context. (See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/1/0">study note on 2Co 12:2</a>.) Paul may have been referring to (1) the literal earthly Paradise that is ahead, (2) the spiritual condition that God’s people will enjoy in the new world, or (3) the conditions in heaven. It was <strong>not lawful</strong> to speak of such things in Paul’s day because God’s time had not yet come to reveal the details regarding the outworking of God’s purpose.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p467" data-pid="467" class="se"></p> <div id="p468" data-pid="468"><p data-pid="468" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/510/0"><em>The Watchtower</em> (Study)<em>,</em></a></p><p data-pid="468" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/510/0">12/2018, p. 8</a></p> </div><p id="p469" data-pid="469" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/511/0"><em>Insight,</em> Volume 2<em>,</em> p. 576</a></p> <div id="p470" data-pid="470"><p data-pid="470" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/512/0"><em>The Watchtower,</em></a></p><p data-pid="470" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/512/0">7/15/2015, pp. 8-9</a></p><p data-pid="470" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/513/0">7/15/2008, p. 28</a></p><p data-pid="470" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/514/0">10/15/2004, pp. 8-10</a></p><p data-pid="470" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/515/0">6/15/1997, p. 5</a></p> </div><p id="p471" data-pid="471" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p155" data-pid="155" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/153/0">w18.12 8;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/153/3"> it-2 576;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/153/5"> w15 7/15 8-9;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/153/7"> w08 7/15 28;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/153/9"> w04 10/15 8-10;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/153/11"> w97 6/15 5;</a></p> <p id="p156" data-pid="156" class="sx"></p> <p id="p175" data-pid="175" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/173/0">w83 11/15 28-29;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/173/2"> w83 12/15 30;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/173/4"> gh 153-154;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/173/6"> sl 131-134;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/173/10"> ad 1269;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/173/11"> kj 309;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/173/12"> w70 327,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/173/14"> 767-768;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/173/16"> w66 263;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/173/17"> w62 160;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/173/18"> w59 69,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/173/19"> 77;</a><span class="ni"> nh 186;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/173/21"> w52 248;</a><span class="ni"> el 286;</span><span class="ni"> w49 187;</span><span class="ni"> w31 282</span></p> <p id="p176" data-pid="176" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="47-12-5" data-section-citation="047012005047012005"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">2 Corinthians 12:5</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p9" data-pid="9" class="s5"><strong>such a man:</strong> Or possibly, “such a thing,” that is, such an experience.—See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/2/0">study note on 2Co 12:2</a>.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/12/253" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-254"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">2Co 11:30</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-254" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-254" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p176" data-pid="176" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/174/0">sl 131;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/174/2"> w59 69</a></p> <p id="p177" data-pid="177" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="47-12-6" data-section-citation="047012006047012006"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">2 Corinthians 12:6</span></h3><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p177" data-pid="177" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/175/0">w59 69</a></p> <p id="p178" data-pid="178" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="47-12-7" data-section-citation="047012007047012007"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">2 Corinthians 12:7</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p11" data-pid="11" class="s5"><strong>extraordinary:</strong> Paul uses the Greek word <em>hy·per·bo·leʹ</em> to describe the “extraordinary,” or surpassing, character of the revelations he received. (See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/3/0">study note on 2Co 12:2</a>.) This Greek word occurs eight times in the Christian Greek Scriptures, all of them in the writings of Paul. It is translated in various ways, according to context. For example, at <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/14/0" data-bid="15-1" class="b">2Co 4:7</a>, the word describes “power <em>beyond what is normal,”</em> and at <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/15/0" data-bid="16-1" class="b">2Co 1:8</a>, the <em>“extreme</em> pressure” that weighed on Paul and his companions.</p> <p id="p12" data-pid="12" class="s5"><strong>a thorn in the flesh:</strong> Paul here uses a metaphor to describe an ongoing affliction. A thorn embedded in the body would be a source of persistent pain. (The Greek word rendered “thorn” means “anything pointed,” such as a pointed stake, a splinter, or a thorn.) Paul does not specify whether the pain represented by this thorn was physical or emotional in nature. Some statements in Paul’s writings raise the possibility that Paul suffered from problems with his eyesight, something that would have made it difficult for him to travel, to write letters, and to carry out his ministry. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/16/0" data-bid="17-1" class="b">Ga 4:15;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/16/1" data-bid="17-2" class="b"> 6:11</a>; see also <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/17/0" data-bid="18-1" class="b">Ac 23:1-5</a>.) In this context, Paul was discussing the persistent attacks of his arrogant opposers, so he might be referring to the stress and anxiety those false teachers caused him. (See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/4/0">study note on 2Co 11:5</a>.) Whatever the source of his pain, Paul calls it <strong>an angel of Satan,</strong> suggesting that Satan seeks to use any affliction, whether physical or emotional, to discourage a servant of God. Paul maintains a positive view of this trial, considering the “thorn” as a way to help him keep <strong>from becoming overly exalted,</strong> that is, a way to help him remain humble so that he can please God.—<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/18/0" data-bid="19-1" class="b">Mt 23:12</a>.</p> <p id="p13" data-pid="13" class="s5"><strong>slapping:</strong> Or “beating.” The Greek verb Paul uses here may refer to being literally struck with the hand, knuckles, or fist. It is used that way at <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/19/0" data-bid="20-1" class="b">Mt 26:67</a>, where Roman soldiers are said to have struck Jesus “with their fists.” At <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/20/0" data-bid="21-1" class="b">1Co 4:11</a>, the word is used in a more general sense, expressing the idea of treating roughly.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/12/254" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-255"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ga 4:13</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-255" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-255" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p471" data-pid="471" class="se"></p> <p id="p472" data-pid="472" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/516/0"><em>Bible Verses Explained,</em> article 49</a></p> <div id="p473" data-pid="473"><p data-pid="473" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/517/0"><em>The Watchtower</em> (Study)<em>,</em></a></p><p data-pid="473" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/517/0">11/2019, p. 9</a></p> </div><div id="p474" data-pid="474"><p data-pid="474" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/518/0"><em>Life and Ministry Meeting Workbook,</em></a></p><p data-pid="474" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/518/0">5/2019, p. 4</a></p> </div><p id="p475" data-pid="475" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/519/0"><em>Insight,</em> Volume 2<em>,</em> pp. 589,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/520/0"> 1096</a></p> <div id="p476" data-pid="476"><p data-pid="476" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/521/0"><em>The Watchtower,</em></a></p><p data-pid="476" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/521/0">4/1/2014, p. 5</a></p><p data-pid="476" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/522/0">6/15/2008, pp. 3-4</a></p><p data-pid="476" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/523/0">12/15/2006, p. 24</a></p><p data-pid="476" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/524/0">8/15/2006, p. 21</a></p><p data-pid="476" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/525/0">8/1/2005, pp. 21-22</a></p><p data-pid="476" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/526/0">2/15/2002, pp. 13-14</a></p><p data-pid="476" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/527/0">3/1/2000, p. 4</a></p><p data-pid="476" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/528/0">6/1/1997, p. 25</a></p><p data-pid="476" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/529/0">9/15/1990, p. 27</a></p><p data-pid="476" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/530/0">11/15/1987, p. 29</a></p> </div><div id="p477" data-pid="477"><p data-pid="477" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/531/0"><em>Kingdom Ministry,</em></a></p><p data-pid="477" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/531/0">5/1998, p. 1</a></p> </div><div id="p478" data-pid="478"><p data-pid="478" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/532/0"><em>Awake!,</em></a></p><p data-pid="478" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/532/0">5/22/1997, pp. 18-19</a></p> </div><p id="p479" data-pid="479" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p156" data-pid="156" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/154/0">ijwbv article 49;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/154/2"> w19.11 9;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/154/4"> mwb19.05 4;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/154/6"> it-2 589,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/154/8"> 1096;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/154/10"> w14 4/1 5;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/154/12"> w08 6/15 3-4;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/154/14"> w06 8/15 21;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/154/16"> w06 12/15 24;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/154/18"> w05 8/1 21;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/154/21"> w02 2/15 13-14;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/154/23"> w00 3/1 4;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/154/25"> km 5/98 1;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/154/27"> w97 6/1 25;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/154/29"> g97 5/22 18-19;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/154/31"> w90 9/15 27;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/154/34"> w87 11/15 29;</a></p> <p id="p157" data-pid="157" class="sx"></p> <p id="p178" data-pid="178" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/176/0">w84 12/15 14;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/176/2"> w82 12/1 22;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/176/5"> ad 1595;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/176/6"> w70 542;</a><span class="ni"> g67 2/8 6;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/176/9"> w62 262;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/176/10"> w59 69;</a><span class="ni"> g58 9/8 25;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/176/12"> w51 271</a></p> <p id="p179" data-pid="179" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="47-12-8" data-section-citation="047012008047012008"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">2 Corinthians 12:8</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p15" data-pid="15" class="s5"><strong>the Lord:</strong> Paul here uses the Greek expression <em>ton Kyʹri·on</em> (the Lord), which in some instances is used to refer to Jehovah and in others, to Jesus. In this case, it is logical to conclude that Paul speaks of making three heartfelt requests to the Lord Jehovah, the “Hearer of prayer.” (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/22/0" data-bid="23-1" class="b">Ps 65:2</a>) He is the One to whom all prayers are properly addressed. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/23/0" data-bid="24-1" class="b">Ps 145:18;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/23/1" data-bid="24-2" class="b"> Php 4:6</a>) In answering Paul, Jehovah referred to the “undeserved kindness” along with the “power” that Jehovah generously gives to his servants. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/24/0" data-bid="25-1" class="b">2Co 12:9;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/24/1" data-bid="25-2" class="b"> Isa 40:26;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/24/2" data-bid="25-3" class="b"> Lu 24:49</a>) Some have pointed out that in <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/25/0" data-bid="26-1" class="b">verse 9</a>, Paul also speaks of “the power of the Christ.” However, Paul’s use of that phrase does not mean that he addressed his three requests to Christ. Jesus has power, but it comes to him from the Source of all godly power, Jehovah.—<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/26/0" data-bid="27-1" class="b">Lu 5:17</a>.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p479" data-pid="479" class="se"></p> <div id="p480" data-pid="480"><p data-pid="480" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/533/0"><em>The Watchtower</em> (Study)<em>,</em></a></p><p data-pid="480" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/533/0">11/2019, p. 9</a></p> </div><div id="p481" data-pid="481"><p data-pid="481" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/534/0"><em>The Watchtower,</em></a></p><p data-pid="481" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/534/0">4/1/2014, p. 5</a></p><p data-pid="481" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/535/0">1/1/2009, p. 30</a></p><p data-pid="481" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/536/0">12/15/2006, p. 24</a></p><p data-pid="481" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/537/0">11/15/1987, p. 29</a></p> </div><p id="p482" data-pid="482" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p157" data-pid="157" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/155/0">w19.11 9;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/155/2"> w14 4/1 5;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/155/4"> w09 1/1 30;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/155/6"> w06 12/15 24;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/155/8"> w87 11/15 29;</a></p> <p id="p158" data-pid="158" class="sx"></p> <p id="p179" data-pid="179" class="sx"><span class="ni">g67 2/8 6</span></p> <p id="p180" data-pid="180" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="47-12-9" data-section-citation="047012009047012009"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">2 Corinthians 12:9</span></h3><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/12/255" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-256"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Isa 40:29; 2Co 4:7</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-256" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-256" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p482" data-pid="482" class="se"></p> <p id="p483" data-pid="483" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/538/0"><em>Bible Verses Explained,</em> article 49</a></p> <div id="p484" data-pid="484"><p data-pid="484" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/539/0"><em>The Watchtower</em> (Study)<em>,</em></a></p><p data-pid="484" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/539/0">7/2020, pp. 14-19</a></p> </div><div id="p485" data-pid="485"><p data-pid="485" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/540/0"><em>The Watchtower</em> (Study)<em>,</em></a></p><p data-pid="485" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/540/0">11/2019, p. 9</a></p> </div><div id="p486" data-pid="486"><p data-pid="486" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/541/0"><em>The Watchtower</em> (Study)<em>,</em></a></p><p data-pid="486" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/541/0">1/2018, p. 9</a></p> </div><div id="p487" data-pid="487"><p data-pid="487" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/542/0"><em>The Watchtower,</em></a></p><p data-pid="487" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/542/0">6/15/2008, p. 6</a></p><p data-pid="487" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/543/0">12/15/2006, p. 24</a></p><p data-pid="487" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/544/0">8/1/2005, pp. 21-22</a></p><p data-pid="487" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/545/0">2/15/2002, pp. 18-19</a></p><p data-pid="487" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/546/0">3/1/2000, p. 4</a></p><p data-pid="487" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/547/0">6/1/1997, pp. 25-26</a></p><p data-pid="487" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/548/0">11/15/1987, p. 29</a></p><p data-pid="487" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/549/0">6/1/1986, p. 25</a></p> </div><div id="p488" data-pid="488"><p data-pid="488" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/550/0"><em>Awake!,</em></a></p><p data-pid="488" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/550/0">5/22/1997, pp. 18-19</a></p> </div><p id="p489" data-pid="489" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p158" data-pid="158" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/156/0">ijwbv article 49;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/156/2"> w20.07 14-19;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/156/4"> w19.11 9;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/156/6"> w18.01 9;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/156/8"> w08 6/15 6;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/156/10"> w06 12/15 24;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/156/12"> w05 8/1 21;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/156/14"> w02 2/15 18-19;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/156/16"> w00 3/1 4;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/156/18"> w97 6/1 25-26;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/156/20"> g97 5/22 18-19;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/156/22"> w87 11/15 29;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/156/24"> w86 6/1 25;</a></p> <p id="p159" data-pid="159" class="sx"></p> <p id="p180" data-pid="180" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/178/0">w70 542;</a><span class="ni"> g67 2/8 6;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/178/3"> w62 509;</a><span class="ni"> g58 9/8 26;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/178/5"> w51 273</a></p> <p id="p181" data-pid="181" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="47-12-10" data-section-citation="047012010047012010"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">2 Corinthians 12:10</span></h3><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/12/256" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-257"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Php 4:13</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-257" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-257" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p489" data-pid="489" class="se"></p> <div id="p490" data-pid="490"><p data-pid="490" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/551/0"><em>The Watchtower</em> (Study)<em>,</em></a></p><p data-pid="490" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/551/0">7/2020, pp. 14-19</a></p> </div><div id="p491" data-pid="491"><p data-pid="491" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/552/0"><em>The Watchtower</em> (Study)<em>,</em></a></p><p data-pid="491" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/552/0">1/2018, p. 9</a></p> </div><div id="p492" data-pid="492"><p data-pid="492" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/553/0"><em>The Watchtower,</em></a></p><p data-pid="492" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/553/0">3/15/2010, p. 18</a></p><p data-pid="492" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/554/0">6/15/2008, pp. 3-4,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/555/0"> 6</a></p><p data-pid="492" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/556/0">9/15/2004, pp. 13-14</a></p> </div><p id="p493" data-pid="493" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p159" data-pid="159" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/157/0">w20.07 14-19;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/157/2"> w18.01 9;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/157/4"> w10 3/15 18;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/157/6"> w08 6/15 4,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/157/8"> 6;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/157/10"> w04 9/15 13-14;</a></p> <p id="p160" data-pid="160" class="sx"></p> <p id="p181" data-pid="181" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/179/0">w85 11/15 12;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/179/2"> w84 7/1 15;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/179/4"> w65 123;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/179/5"> w51 273</a></p> <p id="p182" data-pid="182" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="47-12-11" data-section-citation="047012011047012011"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">2 Corinthians 12:11</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p17" data-pid="17" class="s5"><strong>unreasonable:</strong> See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/5/0">study note on 2Co 11:1</a>.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/12/257" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-258"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">2Co 3:1; 5:12</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-258" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-258" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/12/258" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-259"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">2Co 11:5, 23</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-259" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-259" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p493" data-pid="493" class="se"></p> <p id="p494" data-pid="494" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/557/0"><em>Insight,</em> Volume 2<em>,</em> p. 406</a></p> <p id="p495" data-pid="495" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p160" data-pid="160" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/158/0">it-2 406;</a></p> <p id="p161" data-pid="161" class="sx"></p> <p id="p182" data-pid="182" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/180/0">w73 160;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/180/2"> ad 1161;</a><span class="ni"> g63 12/22 28</span></p> <p id="p183" data-pid="183" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="47-12-12" data-section-citation="047012012047012012"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">2 Corinthians 12:12</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p19" data-pid="19" class="s5"><strong>wonders:</strong> Or “portents.”—See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/6/0">study note on Ac 2:19</a>.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group footnote"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Footnotes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item footnote" data-extract-id="verseFootnote-13"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">*</span></span><span class="scalableui"><p id="p78" data-pid="78">Or “and miracles.”</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/12/259" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-260"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">2Co 6:4</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-260" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-260" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/12/260" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-261"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ac 14:3; 15:12; Ro 15:18, 19</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-261" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-261" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="47-12-13" data-section-citation="047012013047012013"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">2 Corinthians 12:13</span></h3><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/12/261" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-262"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">1Co 9:11, 12; 2Co 11:9</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-262" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-262" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p183" data-pid="183" class="sx"><span class="ni">g63 12/22 28;</span><span class="ni"> w48 312</span></p> <p id="p184" data-pid="184" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="47-12-14" data-section-citation="047012014047012014"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">2 Corinthians 12:14</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p21" data-pid="21" class="s5"><strong>the third time:</strong> Paul here cites, not three actual visits to Corinth, but three occasions on which he was <strong>ready</strong> to visit. He was willing to visit but needed the right circumstances. His first visit took place when he founded the congregation at Corinth and stayed for a year and a half. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/30/0" data-bid="31-1" class="b">Ac 18:9-11</a>) In the second instance, Paul intended to visit them but that visit never happened. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/31/0" data-bid="32-1" class="b">2Co 1:15, 16,</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/31/1" data-bid="32-2" class="b"> 23</a>) Evidence suggests that there was little time between the writing of the two inspired letters to the Corinthians, not enough for such a visit to have taken place. Also, only one visit is mentioned in the book of Acts. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/32/0" data-bid="33-1" class="b">Ac 18:1</a>) However, the third intended visit, which Paul mentions here and at <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/33/0" data-bid="34-1" class="b">2Co 13:1, 2</a>, did happen; Paul visited Corinth about 56 C.E., writing the book of Romans from there.—<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/34/0" data-bid="35-1" class="b">Ac 20:2, 3;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/34/1" data-bid="35-2" class="b"> Ro 16:1,</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/34/2" data-bid="35-3" class="b"> 23;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/34/3" data-bid="35-4" class="b"> 1Co 1:14</a>.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/12/262" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-263"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ac 20:33</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-263" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-263" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/12/263" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-264"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">1Co 4:14</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-264" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-264" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/12/264" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-265"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Pr 13:22</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-265" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-265" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p495" data-pid="495" class="se"></p> <p id="p496" data-pid="496" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/558/0"><em>Insight,</em> Volume 1<em>,</em> pp. 511-512</a></p> <div id="p497" data-pid="497"><p data-pid="497" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/559/0"><em>The Watchtower,</em></a></p><p data-pid="497" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/559/0">8/15/1997, p. 20</a></p><p data-pid="497" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/560/0">10/1/1996, p. 29</a></p><p data-pid="497" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/561/0">6/15/1987, pp. 25,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/562/0"> 26-27</a></p><p data-pid="497" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/563/0">2/1/1987, p. 5</a></p> </div><p id="p498" data-pid="498" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/564/0"><em>“All Scripture,”</em> p. 214</a></p> <p id="p499" data-pid="499" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p161" data-pid="161" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/159/0">it-1 511;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/159/2"> w97 8/15 20;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/159/4"> w96 10/1 29;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/159/6"> si 214;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/159/8"> w87 2/1 5;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/159/10"> w87 6/15 25-27;</a></p> <p id="p162" data-pid="162" class="sx"></p> <p id="p184" data-pid="184" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/182/0">w77 79;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/182/2"> w62 202,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/182/3"> 441;</a><span class="ni"> w48 312;</span><span class="ni"> w46 278</span></p> <p id="p185" data-pid="185" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="47-12-15" data-section-citation="047012015047012015"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">2 Corinthians 12:15</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p23" data-pid="23" class="s5"><strong>spent for you:</strong> Or “spent for your souls.” Here “you” is rendered from the Greek “the souls of you [plural].” In this context, the Greek word <em>psy·kheʹ,</em> traditionally rendered “soul,” refers to the people, so the expression is rendered by the pronoun “you.”—See Glossary, “<a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/7/0">Soul</a>.”</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/12/265" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-266"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">2Co 1:6; Col 1:24; 1Th 2:8; Heb 13:17</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-266" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-266" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/12/266" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-267"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">2Co 6:11-13</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-267" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-267" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p499" data-pid="499" class="se"></p> <div id="p500" data-pid="500"><p data-pid="500" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/565/0"><em>Kingdom Ministry,</em></a></p><p data-pid="500" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/565/0">6/2007, p. 1</a></p> </div><div id="p501" data-pid="501"><p data-pid="501" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/566/0"><em>The Watchtower,</em></a></p><p data-pid="501" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/566/0">11/15/2000, p. 21</a></p><p data-pid="501" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/567/0">9/15/2000, pp. 22-23</a></p> </div><p id="p502" data-pid="502" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p162" data-pid="162" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/160/0">km 6/07 1;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/160/2"> w00 9/15 22-23;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/160/4"> w00 11/15 21;</a></p> <p id="p163" data-pid="163" class="sx"></p> <p id="p185" data-pid="185" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/183/0">w80 9/1 25;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/183/2"> w73 286;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/183/4"> w62 338;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/183/5"> w61 306</a></p> <p id="p186" data-pid="186" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="47-12-16" data-section-citation="047012016047012016"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">2 Corinthians 12:16</span></h3><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/12/267" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-268"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">2Co 11:9</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-268" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-268" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p186" data-pid="186" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/184/0">w80 4/1 13;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/184/2"> w73 160</a></p> <p id="p187" data-pid="187" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="47-12-18" data-section-citation="047012018047012018"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">2 Corinthians 12:18</span></h3><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/12/268" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-269"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">2Co 8:6</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-269" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-269" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p502" data-pid="502" class="se"></p> <div id="p503" data-pid="503"><p data-pid="503" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/568/0"><em>The Watchtower,</em></a></p><p data-pid="503" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/568/0">5/1/1988, pp. 16-17</a></p> </div><p id="p504" data-pid="504" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p163" data-pid="163" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/161/0">w88 5/1 16</a></p> <p id="p164" data-pid="164" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="47-12-20" data-section-citation="047012020047012020"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">2 Corinthians 12:20</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p25" data-pid="25" class="s5"><strong>whispering:</strong> Or “gossip.” The Greek word conveys the idea of secret gossip, spreading negative information or rumors in a confidential or secretive manner. This is the only occurrence of the Greek word in the Christian Greek Scriptures, but a related word, rendered “whisperers,” occurs in a list of bad practices found at <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/37/0" data-bid="38-1" class="b">Ro 1:29</a> (see <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/8/0">study note</a>). Also, the corresponding Greek verb for “to whisper” is used negatively in the <em>Septuagint</em> at <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/38/0" data-bid="39-1" class="b">2Sa 12:19</a> and <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/39/0" data-bid="40-1" class="b">Ps 41:7</a> (40:8, <em>LXX</em>).</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/12/269" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-270"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">2Co 10:2; 13:2</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-270" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-270" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="47-12-21" data-section-citation="047012021047012021"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">2 Corinthians 12:21</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p27" data-pid="27" class="s5"><strong>uncleanness:</strong> Of the three terms listed in this verse (“uncleanness,” “sexual immorality,” and “brazen conduct”), “uncleanness” (Greek, <em>a·ka·thar·siʹa</em>) is the broadest. Literally, the word refers to something unclean, or filthy. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/41/0" data-bid="42-1" class="b">Mt 23:27</a>) In its figurative meaning, it embraces impurity of any kind—in sexual matters, in speech, in action, or in spiritual relationships. (Compare <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/42/0" data-bid="43-1" class="b">1Co 7:14;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/42/1" data-bid="43-2" class="b"> 2Co 6:17;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/42/2" data-bid="43-3" class="b"> 1Th 2:3</a>.) “Uncleanness” can refer to different types of wrongdoing and may vary in degree of seriousness. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/43/0" data-bid="44-1" class="b">Eph 4:19</a>) It stresses the morally repugnant nature of the wrong conduct or condition.—See Glossary, “<a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/9/0">Unclean</a>,” and <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/10/0">study note on Ga 5:19</a>.</p> <p id="p28" data-pid="28" class="s5"><strong>sexual immorality:</strong> As used in the Bible, the Greek word <em>por·neiʹa</em> is a general term for certain sexual activities forbidden by God, including adultery, sexual relations between unmarried individuals, homosexual acts, and other serious sexual sins.—See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/11/0">Glossary</a> and <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/12/0">study note on Ga 5:19</a>.</p> <p id="p29" data-pid="29" class="s5"><strong>brazen conduct:</strong> Or “shameless conduct.” The Greek word <em>a·selʹgei·a</em> denotes conduct that is a serious violation of God’s laws and that reflects a brazen or boldly contemptuous attitude.—See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/13/0">Glossary</a> and <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070761/14/0">study note on Ga 5:19</a>.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p504" data-pid="504" class="se"></p> <div id="p505" data-pid="505"><p data-pid="505" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/569/0"><em>The Watchtower,</em></a></p><p data-pid="505" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/569/0">3/15/2012, p. 31</a></p> </div><p id="p506" data-pid="506" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p164" data-pid="164" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/162/0">w12 3/15 31;</a></p> <p id="p165" data-pid="165" class="sx"></p> <p id="p187" data-pid="187" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/185/0">w73 575;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/185/2"> w64 689</a></p> <p id="p188" data-pid="188" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <div id="studyParallel" class="studyPane tabContent"> <div class="section"> <h3 class="title">Parallel Translations</h3> <div class="helpText">Click a verse number to display parallel Bible verses.</div> <div class="parallel"> <div class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div> <div class="extract"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="studyMarginals" class="studyPane tabContent"> <div class="section marginalsGeneral"><h3 class="title"><span class="sectionIcon"></span><span class="scalableui">General</span></h3><div class="content categorizedMarginal"><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/12/251/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-252-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">2 Cor. 12:1</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ac 2:17</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-252-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-252-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/12/252/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-253-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">2 Cor. 12:1</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ac 22:17, 18</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-253-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-253-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/12/253/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-254-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">2 Cor. 12:5</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">2Co 11:30</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-254-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-254-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/12/254/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-255-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">2 Cor. 12:7</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ga 4:13</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-255-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-255-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/12/255/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-256-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">2 Cor. 12:9</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Isa 40:29; 2Co 4:7</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-256-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-256-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/12/256/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-257-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">2 Cor. 12:10</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Php 4:13</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-257-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-257-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/12/257/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-258-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">2 Cor. 12:11</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">2Co 3:1; 5:12</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-258-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-258-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/12/258/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-259-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">2 Cor. 12:11</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">2Co 11:5, 23</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-259-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-259-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/12/259/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-260-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">2 Cor. 12:12</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">2Co 6:4</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-260-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-260-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/12/260/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-261-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">2 Cor. 12:12</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ac 14:3; 15:12; Ro 15:18, 19</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-261-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-261-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/12/261/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-262-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">2 Cor. 12:13</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">1Co 9:11, 12; 2Co 11:9</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-262-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-262-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/12/262/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-263-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">2 Cor. 12:14</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ac 20:33</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-263-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-263-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/12/263/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-264-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">2 Cor. 12:14</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">1Co 4:14</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-264-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-264-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/12/264/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-265-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">2 Cor. 12:14</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Pr 13:22</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-265-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-265-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/12/265/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-266-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">2 Cor. 12:15</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">2Co 1:6; Col 1:24; 1Th 2:8; Heb 13:17</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-266-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-266-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/12/266/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-267-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">2 Cor. 12:15</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">2Co 6:11-13</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-267-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-267-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/12/267/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-268-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">2 Cor. 12:16</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">2Co 11:9</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-268-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-268-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/12/268/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-269-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">2 Cor. 12:18</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">2Co 8:6</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-269-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-269-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/12/269/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-270-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">2 Cor. 12:20</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">2Co 10:2; 13:2</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-270-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-270-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="studyPaneGalleryModel" class="jwac showRuby ml-E ms-ROMAN dir-ltr"> <div id="galleryModalContainer" class="underlay full 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class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070151/29115" class="cl vx vp"><strong>12</strong> </a>I have to boast. It is not beneficial, but I will move on to supernatural visions<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070151/251" data-bid="252-1" class="b">+</a> and revelations of the Lord.<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070151/252" data-bid="253-1" class="b">+</a> </span><span id="v47-12-2-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070151/29116" class="vl vx vp study">2 </a>I know a man in union with Christ who, 14 years ago—whether in the body or out of the body, I do not know; God knows—was caught away to the third heaven. </span><span id="v47-12-3-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070151/29117" class="vl vx vp">3 </a>Yes, I know such a man—whether in the body or apart from the body, I do not know; God knows— </span><span id="v47-12-4-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070151/29118" class="vl vx vp study">4 </a>who was caught away into paradise and heard words that cannot be spoken and that are not lawful for a man to say. </span><span id="v47-12-5-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070151/29119" class="vl vx vp study">5 </a>I will boast about such a man, but I will not boast about myself except of my weaknesses.<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070151/253" data-bid="254-1" class="b">+</a> </span><span id="v47-12-6-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070151/29120" class="vl vx vp">6 </a>For even if I want to boast, I will not be unreasonable, for I would say the truth. But I refrain from doing so, in order that no one should give me more credit than what he sees in me or hears from me, </span><span id="v47-12-7-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070151/29121" class="vl vx vp study">7 </a>just because of receiving such extraordinary revelations.</span></p> <p id="p56" data-pid="56" class="sb"><span id="v47-12-7-2" class="v">To keep me from becoming overly exalted, I was given a thorn in the flesh,<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070151/254" data-bid="255-1" class="b">+</a> an angel of Satan, to keep slapping me, so that I might not be overly exalted. </span><span id="v47-12-8-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070151/29122" class="vl vx vp study">8 </a>Three times I begged the Lord about this, that it would depart from me. </span><span id="v47-12-9-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070151/29123" class="vl vx vp">9 </a>But he said to me: “My undeserved kindness is sufficient for you, for my power is being made perfect in weakness.”<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070151/255" data-bid="256-1" class="b">+</a> Most gladly, then, I will boast about my weaknesses, in order that the power of the Christ may remain over me like a tent. </span><span id="v47-12-10-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070151/29124" class="vl vx vp">10 </a>So I take pleasure in weaknesses, in insults, in times of need, in persecutions and difficulties, for Christ. For when I am weak, then I am powerful.<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070151/256" data-bid="257-1" class="b">+</a></span></p> <p id="p57" data-pid="57" class="sb"><span id="v47-12-11-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070151/29125" class="vl vx vp study">11 </a>I have become unreasonable. You compelled me to, for I ought to have been recommended by you.<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070151/257" data-bid="258-1" class="b">+</a> For I did not prove to be inferior to your superfine apostles in a single thing, even if I am nothing.<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070151/258" data-bid="259-1" class="b">+</a> </span><span id="v47-12-12-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070151/29126" class="vl vx vp study">12 </a>Indeed, the signs of an apostle were produced among you with great endurance,<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070151/259" data-bid="260-1" class="b">+</a> and by signs and wonders and powerful works.<a id="footnotesource13" data-fnid="13" class="fn pr" href="/en/wol/fn/r1/lp-e/1001070151/12">*</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070151/260" data-bid="261-1" class="b">+</a> </span><span id="v47-12-13-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070151/29127" class="vl vx vp">13 </a>For how were you less favored than the rest of the congregations, except that I myself did not become a burden to you?<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070151/261" data-bid="262-1" class="b">+</a> Kindly forgive me for this wrong.</span></p> <p id="p58" data-pid="58" class="sb"><span id="v47-12-14-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070151/29128" class="vl vx vp study">14 </a>Look! This is the third time I am ready to come to you, and I will not become a burden. For I am seeking, not your possessions,<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070151/262" data-bid="263-1" class="b">+</a> but you; for the children<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070151/263" data-bid="264-1" class="b">+</a> are not expected to save up for their parents, but the parents for their children.<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070151/264" data-bid="265-1" class="b">+</a> </span><span id="v47-12-15-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070151/29129" class="vl vx vp study">15 </a>For my part, I will most gladly spend and be completely spent for you.<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070151/265" data-bid="266-1" class="b">+</a> If I love you so much more, am I to be loved the less?<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070151/266" data-bid="267-1" class="b">+</a> </span><span id="v47-12-16-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070151/29130" class="vl vx vp">16 </a>But be that as it may, I did not burden you.<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070151/267" data-bid="268-1" class="b">+</a> Nevertheless, you say I was “crafty” and I caught you “by trickery.” </span><span id="v47-12-17-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070151/29131" class="vl vp">17 </a>I did not take advantage of you through any of those whom I sent to you, did I? </span><span id="v47-12-18-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070151/29132" class="vl vx vp">18 </a>I urged Titus and I sent the brother with him. Titus did not take advantage of you at all, did he?<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070151/268" data-bid="269-1" class="b">+</a> We walked in the same spirit, did we not? In the same footsteps, did we not?</span></p> <p id="p59" data-pid="59" class="sb"><span id="v47-12-19-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070151/29133" class="vl vp">19 </a>Have you been thinking all along that we have been making our defense to you? It is before God that we are speaking in union with Christ. But, beloved ones, all that we do is to build you up. </span><span id="v47-12-20-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070151/29134" class="vl vx vp study">20 </a>For I am afraid that somehow when I arrive, I may not find you as I wish and I may not be as you wish,<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070151/269" data-bid="270-1" class="b">+</a> but instead, there may be strife, jealousy, outbursts of anger, dissension, backbiting, whispering, being puffed up with pride, and disorder. </span><span id="v47-12-21-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070151/29135" class="vl vx vp study">21 </a>Perhaps when I come again, my God might humiliate me before you, and I may have to mourn over many of those who previously sinned but have not repented of their uncleanness and sexual immorality and brazen conduct that they have practiced.</span></p>  <div class="pswp" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="pswp__bg"></div> <div class="pswp__scroll-wrap">  <div 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