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airflow resistance</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: specific airflow resistance"> <meta name="keywords" content="specific airflow resistance"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="specific airflow resistance"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 10687</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: specific airflow resistance</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10657</span> Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of MLO Family Genes in Pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima Duch.)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khin%20Thanda%20Win">Khin Thanda Win</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chunying%20Zhang"> Chunying Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanghyeob%20Lee"> Sanghyeob Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mildew resistance locus o (Mlo), a plant-specific gene family with seven-transmembrane (TM), plays an important role in plant resistance to powdery mildew (PM). PM caused by Podosphaera xanthii is a widespread plant disease and probably represents the major fungal threat for many Cucurbits. The recent Cucurbita maxima genome sequence data provides an opportunity to identify and characterize the MLO gene family in this species. Total twenty genes (designated CmaMLO1 through CmaMLO20) have been identified by using an in silico cloning method with the MLO gene sequences of Cucumis sativus, Cucumis melo, Citrullus lanatus and Cucurbita pepo as probes. These CmaMLOs were evenly distributed on 15 chromosomes of 20 C. maxima chromosomes without any obvious clustering. Multiple sequence alignment showed that the common structural features of MLO gene family, such as TM domains, a calmodulin-binding domain and 30 important amino acid residues for MLO function, were well conserved. Phylogenetic analysis of the CmaMLO genes and other plant species reveals seven different clades (I through VII) and only clade IV is specific to monocots (rice, barley, and wheat). Phylogenetic and structural analyses provided preliminary evidence that five genes belonged to clade V could be the susceptibility genes which may play the importance role in PM resistance. This study is the first comprehensive report on MLO genes in C. maxima to our knowledge. These findings will facilitate the functional analysis of the MLOs related to PM susceptibility and are valuable resources for the development of disease resistance in pumpkin. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mildew%20resistance%20locus%20o%20%28Mlo%29" title="Mildew resistance locus o (Mlo)">Mildew resistance locus o (Mlo)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=powdery%20mildew" title=" powdery mildew"> powdery mildew</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phylogenetic%20relationship" title=" phylogenetic relationship"> phylogenetic relationship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=susceptibility%20genes" title=" susceptibility genes"> susceptibility genes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75919/genome-wide-identification-and-characterization-of-mlo-family-genes-in-pumpkin-cucurbita-maxima-duch" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75919.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">181</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10656</span> Study on the Influence of Different Lengths of Tunnel High Temperature Zones on Train Aerodynamic Resistance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chong%20Hu">Chong Hu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tiantian%20Wang"> Tiantian Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhe%20Li"> Zhe Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ourui%20Huang"> Ourui Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yichen%20Pan"> Yichen Pan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> When the train is running in a high geothermal tunnel, changes in the temperature field will cause disturbances in the propagation and superposition of pressure waves in the tunnel, which in turn have an effect on the aerodynamic resistance of the train. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of the changes in the lengths of the high-temperature zone of the tunnel on the aerodynamic resistance of the train, clarifying the evolution mechanism of aerodynamic resistance of trains in tunnels with high ground temperatures. Firstly, moving model tests of trains passing through wall-heated tunnels were conducted to verify the reliability of the numerical method in this paper. Subsequently, based on the three-dimensional unsteady compressible RANS method and the standard k-ε two-equation turbulence model, the change laws of the average aerodynamic resistance under different high-temperature zone lengths were analyzed, and the influence of frictional resistance and pressure difference resistance on total resistance at different times was discussed. The results show that as the length of the high-temperature zone LH increases, the average aerodynamic resistance of a train running in a tunnel gradually decreases; when LH = 330 m, the aerodynamic resistance can be reduced by 5.7%. At the moment of maximum resistance, the total resistance, differential pressure resistance, and friction resistance all decrease gradually with the increase of LH and then remain basically unchanged. At the moment of the minimum value of resistance, with the increase of LH, the total resistance first increases and then slowly decreases; the differential pressure resistance first increases and then remains unchanged, while the friction resistance first remains unchanged and then gradually decreases, and the ratio of the differential pressure resistance to the total resistance gradually increases with the increase of LH. The results of this paper can provide guidance for scholars who need to investigate the mechanism of aerodynamic resistance change of trains in high geothermal environments, as well as provide a new way of thinking for resistance reduction in non-high geothermal tunnels. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-speed%20trains" title="high-speed trains">high-speed trains</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamic%20resistance" title=" aerodynamic resistance"> aerodynamic resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-ground%20temperature" title=" high-ground temperature"> high-ground temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tunnel" title=" tunnel"> tunnel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179282/study-on-the-influence-of-different-lengths-of-tunnel-high-temperature-zones-on-train-aerodynamic-resistance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179282.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">67</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10655</span> Expression of Gro-El under Phloem-Specific Promoter Protects Transgenic Plants against Diverse Begomovirus-Beta Satellite Complex</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Yousaf%20Ali">Muhammad Yousaf Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahid%20Mansoor"> Shahid Mansoor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javeria%20Qazi"> Javeria Qazi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imran%20Amin"> Imran Amin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Musarrat%20Shaheen"> Musarrat Shaheen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) is the major threat to the cotton crop and is transmitted by whitefly (Bemisia tabaci). Since multiple begomoviruses and associated satellites are involved in CLCuD, approaches based on the concept of broad-spectrum resistance are essential for effective disease control. Gro-El and G5 are two proteins from whitefly endosymbiont and M13 bacteriophage origin, respectively. Gro-El encapsulates the virus particle when it enters the whitefly and protects the virus from the immune system of the whitefly as well as prevents viral expression in it. This characteristic of Gro-El can be exploited to get resistance against viruses if expressed in plants. G5 is a single-stranded DNA binding protein, expression of which in transgenic plants will stop viral expression on its binding with ssDNA. The use of tissue-specific promoters is more efficient than constitutive promoters. Transgenics of Nicotiana benthamiana for Gro-El under constitutive promoter and Gro-El under phloem specific promoter were made. In comparison to non-transgenic plants, transgenic plants with Gro-El under NSP promoter showed promising results when challenged against cotton leaf curl Multan virus (CLCuMuV) along with cotton leaf curl Multan beta satellite (CLCuMB), cotton leaf curl Khokhran virus (CLCuKoV) along with cotton leaf curl Multan beta satellite (CLCuMB) and Pedilenthus leaf curl virus (PedLCV) along with Tobacco leaf curl beta satellite (TbLCB). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cotton%20leaf%20curl%20disease" title="cotton leaf curl disease">cotton leaf curl disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=whitefly" title=" whitefly"> whitefly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endosymbionts" title=" endosymbionts"> endosymbionts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transgenic" title=" transgenic"> transgenic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistance" title=" resistance"> resistance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149808/expression-of-gro-el-under-phloem-specific-promoter-protects-transgenic-plants-against-diverse-begomovirus-beta-satellite-complex" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149808.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">97</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10654</span> A Qualitative Exploration of the Strategic Management of Employee Resistance to Organisational Change</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muneeb%20Banday">Muneeb Banday</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anukriti%20Dixit"> Anukriti Dixit</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Change in organizations is viewed as a conversion process of the organizational functioning. One of the crucial elements of this conversion process is the employee resistance to organizational change. The existing literature on change resistance has generally treated resistance as a barrier or an opportunity for successful implementation of change. However, there is little empirical research exploring how resistance to change is managed. This may be partially due to difficulty in getting information on resistance to change. The top management does not divulge such information to avoid negative evaluation whereas employees face huge risk in sharing information related to resistance. The focus of the study is to understand how the organization under study dealt with the employee resistance to change. The conversion process is a story of how the organization went from one stage to another. We used narrative approach to change. Data was collected data through company visits and interviews. The interviews were transcribed, coded, and themes were identified. We focused on the strands that left huge scope for alternative interpretations than the dominant narrative of change prevalent in the organization. The study reveals that the top management strategically uses the legitimacy of leadership, roles of key employees, and rationality of change to manage resistance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=employee%20resistance" title="employee resistance">employee resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=legitimacy%20of%20leadership" title=" legitimacy of leadership"> legitimacy of leadership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=narrative%20analysis" title=" narrative analysis"> narrative analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organisational%20change" title=" organisational change"> organisational change</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77240/a-qualitative-exploration-of-the-strategic-management-of-employee-resistance-to-organisational-change" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77240.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">274</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10653</span> Testing of Protective Coatings on Automotive Steel, a Correlation Between Salt Spray, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, and Linear Polarization Resistance Test</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dhanashree%20Aole">Dhanashree Aole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Hariharan"> V. Hariharan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Swati%20Surushe"> Swati Surushe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Corrosion can cause serious and expensive damage to the automobile components. Various proven techniques for controlling and preventing corrosion depend on the specific material to be protected. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and salt spray tests are commonly used to assess the corrosion degradation mechanism of coatings on metallic surfaces. While, the only test which monitors the corrosion rate in real time is known as Linear Polarisation Resistance (LPR). In this study, electrochemical tests (EIS & LPR) and spray test are reviewed to assess the corrosion resistance and durability of different coatings. The main objective of this study is to correlate the test results obtained using linear polarization resistance (LPR) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) with the results obtained using standard salt spray test. Another objective of this work is to evaluate the performance of various coating systems- CED, Epoxy, Powder coating, Autophoretic, and Zn-trivalent coating for vehicle underbody application. The corrosion resistance coating are assessed. From this study, a promising correlation between different corrosion testing techniques is noted. The most profound observation is that electrochemical tests gives quick estimation of corrosion resistance and can detect the degradation of coatings well before visible signs of damage appear. Furthermore, the corrosion resistances and salt spray life of the coatings investigated were found to be according to the order as follows- CED> powder coating > Autophoretic > epoxy coating > Zn- Trivalent plating. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Linear%20Polarization%20Resistance%20%28LPR%29" title="Linear Polarization Resistance (LPR)">Linear Polarization Resistance (LPR)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Electrochemical%20Impedance%20Spectroscopy%20%28EIS%29" title=" Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)"> Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salt%20spray%20test" title=" salt spray test"> salt spray test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sacrificial%20and%20barrier%20coatings" title=" sacrificial and barrier coatings"> sacrificial and barrier coatings</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27040/testing-of-protective-coatings-on-automotive-steel-a-correlation-between-salt-spray-electrochemical-impedance-spectroscopy-and-linear-polarization-resistance-test" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27040.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">526</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10652</span> Defying the Walls of Autocracy: The Role of the Catholic Church in the Resistance against Dictatorships in South Korea and the Philippines during the Early 1960s and Late 1980s</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marvin%20R.%20Tenecio">Marvin R. Tenecio</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The analysis of "religious resistance" has been prevalent in Asian and Philippine studies. Discussions on religious resistance from a variety of perspectives are deemed as crucial turning points in the concept's ongoing development and expansion. By broadening the backdrop of religious protest between the early 1960s and the late 1980s, the researchers contend that a study examining the role carried by the Catholic Church in the upheavals against dictatorships in South Korea and the Philippines would be beneficial to the body of knowledge. This study examines a variety of historical writings about the activities occurring at that time. The researchers also compare and contrast the Catholic Church's contributions to the Korean and Philippine resistance against Park Chung-Hee and Ferdinand Marcos Sr., respectively, during the early 1960s until the late 1980s, using the lens of history from below, particularly the Pasyon and Revolution. The Catholic Church stood out against human rights abuses, promoted social justice, and mobilized the public for political reform in response to the dictatorships in South Korea and the Philippines. Even though the specific circumstances and personalities may have changed, the Church's position in both countries was vital in opposing authoritarian governments and supporting democratic movements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistance" title="resistance">resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=movements" title=" movements"> movements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catholic" title=" catholic"> catholic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=church" title=" church"> church</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dictatorship" title=" dictatorship"> dictatorship</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173026/defying-the-walls-of-autocracy-the-role-of-the-catholic-church-in-the-resistance-against-dictatorships-in-south-korea-and-the-philippines-during-the-early-1960s-and-late-1980s" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173026.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10651</span> Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Air Distribution System of Larder Type Refrigerator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Funda%20Erdem%20%C5%9Eahnali">Funda Erdem Şahnali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C5%9E.%20%C3%96zg%C3%BCr%20Atay%C4%B1lmaz"> Ş. Özgür Atayılmaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tolga%20N.%20Aynur"> Tolga N. Aynur</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Almost all of the domestic refrigerators operate on the principle of the vapor compression refrigeration cycle and removal of heat from the refrigerator cabinets is done via one of the two methods: natural convection or forced convection. In this study, airflow and temperature distributions inside a 375L no-frost type larder cabinet, in which cooling is provided by forced convection, are evaluated both experimentally and numerically. Airflow rate, compressor capacity and temperature distribution in the cooling chamber are known to be some of the most important factors that affect the cooling performance and energy consumption of a refrigerator. The objective of this study is to evaluate the original temperature distribution in the larder cabinet, and investigate for better temperature distribution solutions throughout the refrigerator domain via system optimizations that could provide uniform temperature distribution. The flow visualization and airflow velocity measurements inside the original refrigerator are performed via Stereoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry (SPIV). In addition, airflow and temperature distributions are investigated numerically with Ansys Fluent. In order to study the heat transfer inside the aforementioned refrigerator, forced convection theories covering the following cases are applied: closed rectangular cavity representing heat transfer inside the refrigerating compartment. The cavity volume has been represented with finite volume elements and is solved computationally with appropriate momentum and energy equations (Navier-Stokes equations). The 3D model is analyzed as transient, with k-ε turbulence model and SIMPLE pressure-velocity coupling for turbulent flow situation. The results obtained with the 3D numerical simulations are in quite good agreement with the experimental airflow measurements using the SPIV technique. After Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis of the baseline case, the effects of three parameters: compressor capacity, fan rotational speed and type of shelf (glass or wire) are studied on the energy consumption; pull down time, temperature distributions in the cabinet. For each case, energy consumption based on experimental results is calculated. After the analysis, the main effective parameters for temperature distribution inside a cabin and energy consumption based on CFD simulation are determined and simulation results are supplied for Design of Experiments (DOE) as input data for optimization. The best configuration with minimum energy consumption that provides minimum temperature difference between the shelves inside the cabinet is determined. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20distribution" title="air distribution">air distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title=" CFD"> CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DOE" title=" DOE"> DOE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20consumption" title=" energy consumption"> energy consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experimental" title=" experimental"> experimental</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=larder%20cabinet" title=" larder cabinet"> larder cabinet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=refrigeration" title=" refrigeration"> refrigeration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uniform%20temperature" title=" uniform temperature"> uniform temperature</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108638/numerical-and-experimental-investigation-of-air-distribution-system-of-larder-type-refrigerator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108638.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">109</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10650</span> Insulin Resistance in Children and Adolescents in Relation to Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference and Body Fat Weight</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Vlachopapadopoulou">E. Vlachopapadopoulou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Dikaiakou"> E. Dikaiakou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Anagnostou"> E. Anagnostou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Panagiotopoulos"> I. Panagiotopoulos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Kaloumenou"> E. Kaloumenou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Kafetzi"> M. Kafetzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Fotinou"> A. Fotinou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Michalacos"> S. Michalacos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aim: To investigate the relation and impact of Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC) and Body Fat Weight (BFW) on insulin resistance (MATSUDA INDEX < 2.5) in children and adolescents. Methods: Data from 95 overweight and obese children (47 boys and 48 girls) with mean age 10.7 ± 2.2 years were analyzed. ROC analysis was used to investigate the predictive ability of BMI, WC and BFW for insulin resistance and find the optimal cut-offs. The overall performance of the ROC analysis was quantified by computing area under the curve (AUC). Results: ROC curve analysis indicated that the optimal-cut off of WC for the prediction of insulin resistance was 97 cm with sensitivity equal to 75% and specificity equal to 73.1%. AUC was 0.78 (95% CI: 0.63-0.92, p=0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of obesity for the discrimination of participants with insulin resistance from those without insulin resistance were equal to 58.3% and 75%, respectively (AUC=0.67). BFW had a borderline predictive ability for insulin resistance (AUC=0.58, 95% CI: 0.43-0.74, p=0.101). The predictive ability of WC was equivalent with the correspondence predictive ability of BMI (p=0.891). Obese subjects had 4.2 times greater odds for having insulin resistance (95% CI: 1.71-10.30, p < 0.001), while subjects with WC more than 97 had 8.1 times greater odds for having insulin resistance (95% CI: 2.14-30.86, p=0.002). Conclusion: BMI and WC are important clinical factors that have significant clinical relation with insulin resistance in children and adolescents. The cut off of 97 cm for WC can identify children with greater likelihood for insulin resistance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20fat%20weight" title="body fat weight">body fat weight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20mass%20index" title=" body mass index"> body mass index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insulin%20resistance" title=" insulin resistance"> insulin resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=obese%20children" title=" obese children"> obese children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waist%20circumference" title=" waist circumference"> waist circumference</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64737/insulin-resistance-in-children-and-adolescents-in-relation-to-body-mass-index-waist-circumference-and-body-fat-weight" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64737.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">320</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10649</span> Vortex Generation to Model the Airflow Downstream of a Piezoelectric Fan Array</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alastair%20Hales">Alastair Hales</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xi%20Jiang"> Xi Jiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siming%20Zhang"> Siming Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Numerical methods are used to generate vortices in a domain. Through considered design, two counter-rotating vortices may interact and effectively drive one another downstream. This phenomenon is comparable to the vortex interaction that occurs in a region immediately downstream from two counter-oscillating piezoelectric (PE) fan blades. PE fans are small blades clamped at one end and driven to oscillate at their first natural frequency by an extremely low powered actuator. In operation, the high oscillation amplitude and frequency generate sufficient blade tip speed through the surrounding air to create downstream air flow. PE fans are considered an ideal solution for low power hot spot cooling in a range of small electronic devices, but a single blade does not typically induce enough air flow to be considered a direct alternative to conventional air movers, such as axial fans. The development of face-to-face PE fan arrays containing multiple blades oscillating in counter-phase to one another is essential for expanding the range of potential PE fan applications regarding the cooling of power electronics. Even in an unoptimised state, these arrays are capable of moving air volumes comparable to axial fans with less than 50% of the power demand. Replicating the airflow generated by face-to-face PE fan arrays without including the actual blades in the model reduces the process’s computational demands and enhances the rate of innovation and development in the field. Vortices are generated at a defined inlet using a time-dependent velocity profile function, which pulsates the inlet air velocity magnitude. This induces vortex generation in the considered domain, and these vortices are shown to separate and propagate downstream in a regular manner. The generation and propagation of a single vortex are compared to an equivalent vortex generated from a PE fan blade in a previous experimental investigation. Vortex separation is found to be accurately replicated in the present numerical model. Additionally, the downstream trajectory of the vortices’ centres vary by just 10.5%, and size and strength of the vortices differ by a maximum of 10.6%. Through non-dimensionalisation, the numerical method is shown to be valid for PE fan blades with differing parameters to the specific case investigated. The thorough validation methods presented verify that the numerical model may be used to replicate vortex formation from an oscillating PE fans blade. An investigation is carried out to evaluate the effects of varying the distance between two PE fan blade, pitch. At small pitch, the vorticity in the domain is maximised, along with turbulence in the near vicinity of the inlet zones. It is proposed that face-to-face PE fan arrays, oscillating in counter-phase, should have a minimal pitch to optimally cool nearby heat sources. On the other hand, downstream airflow is maximised at a larger pitch, where the vortices can fully form and effectively drive one another downstream. As such, this should be implemented when bulk airflow generation is the desired result. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=piezoelectric%20fans" title="piezoelectric fans">piezoelectric fans</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20energy%20cooling" title=" low energy cooling"> low energy cooling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vortex%20formation" title=" vortex formation"> vortex formation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20fluid%20dynamics" title=" computational fluid dynamics"> computational fluid dynamics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84784/vortex-generation-to-model-the-airflow-downstream-of-a-piezoelectric-fan-array" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84784.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">182</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10648</span> The Effect of Resistance and Progressive Training on Hsp 70 and Glucose</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Nameni">F. Nameni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Poursadra"> H. Poursadra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study investigated resistance and progressive training alters the expression of chaperone proteins. These proteins function to maintain homeostasis, facilitate repair from injury, and provide protection. Nineteen training female in 2 groups taking part in the intervention volunteered to give blood samples. Levels of chaperone proteins were measured in response to resistance and progressive training. Hsp 70 levels were increased immediately after 2 h progressive training but decreased after resistance training. The data showed that human skeletal muscle responds to the stress of a single period of progressive training by up-regulating and resistance training by down-regulating expression of HSP70. Physical exercise can elevate core temperature and muscle temperatures and the expression pattern of HSP70 due to training status may be attributed to adaptive mechanisms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistance%20training" title="resistance training">resistance training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20shock%20proteins" title=" heat shock proteins"> heat shock proteins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leukocytes" title=" leukocytes"> leukocytes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hsp%2070" title=" Hsp 70"> Hsp 70</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12855/the-effect-of-resistance-and-progressive-training-on-hsp-70-and-glucose" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12855.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">458</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10647</span> Survey on the Use of Anti-ticks in Cattle by Breeders in the Department of Korhogo</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Coulibaly%20Fatoumata">Coulibaly Fatoumata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seme%20Kpassi"> Seme Kpassi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aboly%20Nicolas"> Aboly Nicolas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ccoulibaly%20Zonzereke"> Ccoulibaly Zonzereke</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction and Objective: Microbial resistance is nowadays a major public health problem. In the perspective of a better understanding of the resistance of ticks against acaricides, a study was conducted in the Department of Korhogo. The general objective was to verify the knowledge and skills of breeders on the use of acaricides and contribute to reducing the impact of ticks on livestock productivity. Methodology: To carry out the work, a cross-sectional survey was conducted using elaborate questionnaires, followed by specific interviews with livestock stakeholders in the Korhogo sub-prefecture. Results: The results showed that in the study area, cattle breeders, the majority of whom (58.06%) are Ivorians, use anti-ticks without strict compliance with recommendations of the instructions and standards for use. 68% of them performed under-dosed treatments, and 32% an over-dosed treatment. The most common method for treating cattle against ticks was spraying. Conclusion: Despite the use of tick repellents by these breeders, tick-borne diseases still persist. This could be explained by the misuse of the products (under dosage and overdose), which can cause harmful effects or even resistance of certain ticks. It is, therefore important to respect the normal dosage of the products used as well as the methods of use (bath, spray, pour-on, etc.). In order to minimize the problems of resistance, awareness is necessary among breeders for the proper use of acaricidal products as well as all other drugs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ticks" title="ticks">ticks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistance" title=" resistance"> resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-tick" title=" anti-tick"> anti-tick</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cattle" title=" cattle"> cattle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=korhogo" title=" korhogo"> korhogo</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166988/survey-on-the-use-of-anti-ticks-in-cattle-by-breeders-in-the-department-of-korhogo" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166988.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10646</span> CRISPR/Cas9 Based Gene Stacking in Plants for Virus Resistance Using Site-Specific Recombinases</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabin%20Aslam">Sabin Aslam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sultan%20Habibullah%20Khan"> Sultan Habibullah Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20G.%20Thomson"> James G. Thomson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abhaya%20M.%20Dandekar"> Abhaya M. Dandekar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Losses due to viral diseases are posing a serious threat to crop production. A quick breakdown of resistance to viruses like Cotton Leaf Curl Virus (CLCuV) demands the application of a proficient technology to engineer durable resistance. Gene stacking has recently emerged as a potential approach for integrating multiple genes in crop plants. In the present study, recombinase technology has been used for site-specific gene stacking. A target vector (pG-Rec) was designed for engineering a predetermined specific site in the plant genome whereby genes can be stacked repeatedly. Using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, the pG-Rec was transformed into Coker-312 along with Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Xanthi and Nicotiana benthamiana. The transgene analysis of target lines was conducted through junction PCR. The transgene positive target lines were used for further transformations to site-specifically stack two genes of interest using Bxb1 and PhiC31 recombinases. In the first instance, Cas9 driven by multiplex gRNAs (for Rep gene of CLCuV) was site-specifically integrated into the target lines and determined by the junction PCR and real-time PCR. The resulting plants were subsequently used to stack the second gene of interest (AVP3 gene from Arabidopsis for enhancing cotton plant growth). The addition of the genes is simultaneously achieved with the removal of marker genes for recycling with the next round of gene stacking. Consequently, transgenic marker-free plants were produced with two genes stacked at the specific site. These transgenic plants can be potential germplasm to introduce resistance against various strains of cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV) and abiotic stresses. The results of the research demonstrate gene stacking in crop plants, a technology that can be used to introduce multiple genes sequentially at predefined genomic sites. The current climate change scenario highlights the use of such technologies so that gigantic environmental issues can be tackled by several traits in a single step. After evaluating virus resistance in the resulting plants, the lines can be a primer to initiate stacking of further genes in Cotton for other traits as well as molecular breeding with elite cotton lines. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cotton" title="cotton">cotton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CRISPR%2FCas9" title=" CRISPR/Cas9"> CRISPR/Cas9</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gene%20stacking" title=" gene stacking"> gene stacking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genome%20editing" title=" genome editing"> genome editing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recombinases" title=" recombinases"> recombinases</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145039/crisprcas9-based-gene-stacking-in-plants-for-virus-resistance-using-site-specific-recombinases" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145039.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10645</span> Understanding the Mechanisms of Salmonella Typhimurium Resistance to Cannabidiol (CDB)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iddrisu%20Ibrahim">Iddrisu Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joseph%20Atia%20Ayariga"> Joseph Atia Ayariga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Junhuan%20Xu"> Junhuan Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20A.%20Abugri"> Daniel A. Abugri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robertson%20K.%20Boakai"> Robertson K. Boakai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olufemi%20S.%20Ajayi"> Olufemi S. Ajayi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The recalcitrance of pathogenic bacteria indicates that millions of people who are at risk of infection arising from chronic diseases, surgery, organ transplant, diabetes, and several other debilitating diseases present an aura of potentially untreatable illness due to resistance development. Antimicrobial resistance has successfully become a global health menace, and resistances are often acquired by bacteria through health-care-related incidence (HRI) orchestrated by multi-drug resistant (MDR) and extended drug-resistant pathogens (EDRP). To understand the mechanisms S. Typhimurium uses to resist CDB, we study the abundance of LPS modification, Ergosterols, Mysristic palmitic resistance, Oleic acid resistance of susceptible and resistant S. Typhimurium. Using qPCR, we also analyzed the expression of selected genes known for enabling resistance in S. Typhimurium. We found high abundance of LPS, Ergosterols, Mysristic palmitic resistance, Oleic acid resistance of and high expression of resistant genes in S. Typhimurium compared to the susceptible strain. LPS modification, Ergosterols, Mysristic palmitic resistance, Oleic acid and genes such as Fims, integrons, blaTEM are important indicators of resistance development of S. typhimurium. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobials" title="antimicrobials">antimicrobials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistance" title=" resistance"> resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cannabidiol" title=" Cannabidiol"> Cannabidiol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salmonella" title=" Salmonella"> Salmonella</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blaTEM" title=" blaTEM"> blaTEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fimA" title=" fimA"> fimA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lipopolysaccharide" title=" Lipopolysaccharide"> Lipopolysaccharide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ergosterols" title=" Ergosterols"> Ergosterols</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182736/understanding-the-mechanisms-of-salmonella-typhimurium-resistance-to-cannabidiol-cdb" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182736.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">85</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10644</span> The Resistance Reader Program Based on Image Processing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Janpen%20Srijan">Janpen Srijan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nahathai%20%20Tanmang"> Nahathai Tanmang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thanit%20Purathanang"> Thanit Purathanang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anun%20Dowchern"> Anun Dowchern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saksit%20Summart"> Saksit Summart</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seangduan%20Kampimpa"> Seangduan Kampimpa </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the resistance reader program based on image processing by using MATLAB. The proposed program is divided into six parts; the first part is the web camera; the second part is a watt selection before shooting the resistor; the third part is a part of finding the position of the color on the mid-point of resistor; the fourth part is a part of identifying color code of the resistor; the fifth part is a part of taking the number of values for each color for resistance calculation and the last part is a part of displaying result of resistance value. The experimental result of the resistance reader program based on image processing was able to display the resistance value of resistor. The accuracy of proposed program is 85 percent for 1 watt resistor. It has 15 percent of reading error because a problem with the color code of some resistor was too bright. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistance%20reader%20program" title="resistance reader program">resistance reader program</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20processing" title=" image processing"> image processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistor" title=" resistor"> resistor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MATLAB" title=" MATLAB"> MATLAB</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39785/the-resistance-reader-program-based-on-image-processing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39785.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">389</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10643</span> Investigating the Essentiality of Oxazolidinones in Resistance-Proof Drug Combinations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Selected under in vitro Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gail%20Louw">Gail Louw</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Helena%20Boshoff"> Helena Boshoff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taeksun%20Song"> Taeksun Song</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Clifton%20Barry"> Clifton Barry</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is primarily attributed to mutations in target genes. These mutations incur a fitness cost and result in bacterial generations that are less fit, which subsequently acquire compensatory mutations to restore fitness. We hypothesize that mutations in specific drug target genes influence bacterial metabolism and cellular function, which affects its ability to develop subsequent resistance to additional agents. We aim to determine whether the sequential acquisition of drug resistance and specific mutations in a well-defined clinical M. tuberculosis strain promotes or limits the development of additional resistance. In vitro mutants resistant to pretomanid, linezolid, moxifloxacin, rifampicin and kanamycin were generated from a pan-susceptible clinical strain from the Beijing lineage. The resistant phenotypes to the anti-TB agents were confirmed by the broth microdilution assay and genetic mutations were identified by targeted gene sequencing. Growth of mono-resistant mutants was done in enriched medium for 14 days to assess in vitro fitness. Double resistant mutants were generated against anti-TB drug combinations at concentrations 5x and 10x the minimum inhibitory concentration. Subsequently, mutation frequencies for these anti-TB drugs in the different mono-resistant backgrounds were determined. The initial level of resistance and the mutation frequencies observed for the mono-resistant mutants were comparable to those previously reported. Targeted gene sequencing revealed the presence of known and clinically relevant mutations in the mutants resistant to linezolid, rifampicin, kanamycin and moxifloxacin. Significant growth defects were observed for mutants grown under in vitro conditions compared to the sensitive progenitor. Mutation frequencies determination in the mono-resistant mutants revealed a significant increase in mutation frequency against rifampicin and kanamycin, but a significant decrease in mutation frequency against linezolid and sutezolid. This suggests that these mono-resistant mutants are more prone to develop resistance to rifampicin and kanamycin, but less prone to develop resistance against linezolid and sutezolid. Even though kanamycin and linezolid both inhibit protein synthesis, these compounds target different subunits of the ribosome, thereby leading to different outcomes in terms of fitness in the mutants with impaired cellular function. These observations showed that oxazolidinone treatment is instrumental in limiting the development of multi-drug resistance in M. tuberculosis in vitro. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxazolidinones" title="oxazolidinones">oxazolidinones</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mutations" title=" mutations"> mutations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistance" title=" resistance"> resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tuberculosis" title=" tuberculosis"> tuberculosis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86067/investigating-the-essentiality-of-oxazolidinones-in-resistance-proof-drug-combinations-in-mycobacterium-tuberculosis-selected-under-in-vitro-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86067.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">162</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10642</span> Resistance Analysis for a Trimaran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20M.%20De%20Marco%20Muscat-Fenech">C. M. De Marco Muscat-Fenech</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20Grech%20La%20Rosa"> A. M. Grech La Rosa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Importance has been given to resistance analysis for various types of vessels; however explicit guidelines applied to multihull vessels have not been clearly defined. The purpose of this investigation is to highlight the importance of the vessel’s layout in terms of three axes positioning, the transverse (separation), the longitudinal (stagger) and the vertical (draught) with respect to resistance analysis. A vessel has the potential to experience less resistance, at a particular range of speeds, for a vast selection of hull positioning. Many potential layouts create opportunities of various design for both the commercial and leisure market. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multihull" title="multihull">multihull</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reistance" title=" reistance"> reistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trimaran" title=" trimaran"> trimaran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vessels" title=" vessels "> vessels </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1878/resistance-analysis-for-a-trimaran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1878.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">477</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10641</span> Modification of Four Layer through the Thickness Woven Structure for Improved Impact Resistance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Liaqat">Muhammad Liaqat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hafiz%20Abdul%20Samad"> Hafiz Abdul Samad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Talha%20Ali%20Hamdani"> Syed Talha Ali Hamdani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasir%20Nawab"> Yasir Nawab</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the current research, the four layers, orthogonal through the thickness, 2D woven, 3D fabric structure was modified to improve the impact resistance of 3D fabric reinforced composites. This was achieved by imparting the auxeticity into four layers through the thickness woven structure. A comparison was made between the standard and modified four layers through the thickness woven structure in terms of auxeticity, penetration and impact resistance. It was found that the modified structure showed auxeticity in both warp and weft direction. It was also found that the penetration resistance of modified sample was less as compared to the standard structure, but impact resistance was improved up to 6.7% of modified four layers through the thickness woven structure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2D%20woven" title="2D woven">2D woven</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20fabrics" title=" 3D fabrics"> 3D fabrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=auxetic" title=" auxetic"> auxetic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact%20resistance" title=" impact resistance"> impact resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthogonal%20through%20the%20thickness" title=" orthogonal through the thickness"> orthogonal through the thickness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55359/modification-of-four-layer-through-the-thickness-woven-structure-for-improved-impact-resistance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55359.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10640</span> Lateral Torsional Buckling Resistance of Trapezoidally Corrugated Web Girders</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Annam%C3%A1ria%20K%C3%A4fern%C3%A9%20R%C3%A1cz">Annamária Käferné Rácz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bence%20J%C3%A1ger"> Bence Jáger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bal%C3%A1zs%20K%C3%B6vesdi"> Balázs Kövesdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3%20Dunai"> László Dunai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to the numerous advantages of steel corrugated web girders, its application field is growing for bridges as well as for buildings. The global stability behavior of such girders is significantly larger than those of conventional I-girders with flat web, thus the application of the structural steel material can be significantly reduced. Design codes and specifications do not provide clear and complete rules or recommendations for the determination of the lateral torsional buckling (LTB) resistance of corrugated web girders. Therefore, the authors made a thorough investigation regarding the LTB resistance of the corrugated web girders. Finite element (FE) simulations have been performed to develop new design formulas for the determination of the LTB resistance of trapezoidally corrugated web girders. FE model is developed considering geometrical and material nonlinear analysis using equivalent geometric imperfections (GMNI analysis). The equivalent geometric imperfections involve the initial geometric imperfections and residual stresses coming from rolling, welding and flame cutting. Imperfection sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the necessary magnitudes regarding only the first eigenmodes shape imperfections. By the help of the validated FE model, an extended parametric study is carried out to investigate the LTB resistance for different trapezoidal corrugation profiles. First, the critical moment of a specific girder was calculated by FE model. The critical moments from the FE calculations are compared to the previous analytical calculation proposals. Then, nonlinear analysis was carried out to determine the ultimate resistance. Due to the numerical investigations, new proposals are developed for the determination of the LTB resistance of trapezoidally corrugated web girders through a modification factor on the design method related to the conventional flat web girders. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrugated%20web" title="corrugated web">corrugated web</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateral%20torsional%20buckling" title=" lateral torsional buckling"> lateral torsional buckling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20moment" title=" critical moment"> critical moment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FE%20modeling" title=" FE modeling"> FE modeling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85515/lateral-torsional-buckling-resistance-of-trapezoidally-corrugated-web-girders" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85515.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">283</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10639</span> Assessment of the Role of Plasmid in Multidrug Resistance in Extended Spectrum βEtalactamase Producing Escherichia Coli Stool Isolates from Diarrhoeal Patients in Kano Metropolis Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullahi%20Musa">Abdullahi Musa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yakubu%20Kukure%20Enebe%20Ibrahim"> Yakubu Kukure Enebe Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adeshina%20Gujumbola"> Adeshina Gujumbola</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The emergence of multidrug resistance in clinical Escherichia coli has been associated with plasmid-mediated genes. DNA transfer among bacteria is critical to the dissemination of resistance. Plasmids have proved to be the ideal vehicles for dissemination of resistance genes. Plasmids coding for antibiotic resistance were long being recognized by many researchers globally. The study aimed at determining the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of ESBL E. coli isolates claimed to be multidrug resistance using disc diffusion method. Antibacterial activity of the test isolates was carried out using disk diffusion methods. The results showed that, majority of the multidrug resistance among clinical isolates of ESBL E. coli was as a result of acquisition of plasmid carrying antibiotic-resistance genes. Production of these ESBL enzymes by these organisms which are normally carried by plasmid and transfer from one bacterium to another has greatly contributed to the rapid spread of antibiotic resistance amongst E. coli isolates, which lead to high economic burden, increase morbidity and mortality rate, complication in therapy and limit treatment options. To curtail these problems, it is of significance to checkmate the rate at which over the counter drugs are sold and antibiotic misused in animal feeds. This will play a very important role in minimizing the spread of resistance bacterial strains in our environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Escherichia%20coli" title="Escherichia coli">Escherichia coli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasmid" title=" plasmid"> plasmid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multidrug%20resistance" title=" multidrug resistance"> multidrug resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ESBL" title=" ESBL"> ESBL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pan%20drug%20resistance" title=" pan drug resistance"> pan drug resistance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181463/assessment-of-the-role-of-plasmid-in-multidrug-resistance-in-extended-spectrum-vetalactamase-producing-escherichia-coli-stool-isolates-from-diarrhoeal-patients-in-kano-metropolis-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181463.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">69</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10638</span> Uniform and Controlled Cooling of a Steel Block by Multiple Jet Impingement and Airflow</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20K.%20K.%20Agyeman">E. K. K. Agyeman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Mousseau"> P. Mousseau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Sarda"> A. Sarda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Edelin"> D. Edelin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> During the cooling of hot metals by the circulation of water in canals formed by boring holes in the metal, the rapid phase change of the water due to the high initial temperature of the metal leads to a non homogenous distribution of the phases within the canals. The liquid phase dominates towards the entrance of the canal while the gaseous phase dominates towards the exit. As a result of the different thermal properties of both phases, the metal is not uniformly cooled. This poses a problem during the cooling of moulds, where a uniform temperature distribution is needed in order to ensure the integrity of the part being formed. In this study, the simultaneous use of multiple water jets and an airflow for the uniform and controlled cooling of a steel block is investigated. A circular hole is bored at the centre of the steel block along its length and a perforated steel pipe is inserted along the central axis of the hole. Water jets that impact the internal surface of the steel block are generated from the perforations in the steel pipe when the water within it is put under pressure. These jets are oriented in the opposite direction to that of gravity. An intermittent airflow is imposed in the annular space between the steel pipe and the surface of hole bored in the steel block. The evolution of the temperature with respect to time of the external surface of the block is measured with the help of thermocouples and an infrared camera. Due to the high initial temperature of the steel block (350 °C), the water changes phase when it impacts the internal surface of the block. This leads to high heat fluxes. The strategy used to control the cooling speed of the block is the intermittent impingement of its internal surface by the jets. The intervals of impingement and of non impingement are varied in order to achieve the desired result. An airflow is used during the non impingement periods as an additional regulator of the cooling speed and to improve the temperature homogeneity of the impinged surface. After testing different jet positions, jet speeds and impingement intervals, it’s observed that the external surface of the steel block has a uniform temperature distribution along its length. However, the temperature distribution along its width isn’t uniform with the maximum temperature difference being between the centre of the block and its edge. Changing the positions of the jets has no significant effect on the temperature distribution on the external surface of the steel block. It’s also observed that reducing the jet impingement interval and increasing the non impingement interval slows down the cooling of the block and improves upon the temperature homogeneity of its external surface while increasing the duration of jet impingement speeds up the cooling process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooling%20speed" title="cooling speed">cooling speed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=homogenous%20cooling" title=" homogenous cooling"> homogenous cooling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=jet%20impingement" title=" jet impingement"> jet impingement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20change" title=" phase change"> phase change</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112342/uniform-and-controlled-cooling-of-a-steel-block-by-multiple-jet-impingement-and-airflow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112342.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">125</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10637</span> An Approach for Thermal Resistance Prediction of Plain Socks in Wet State</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tariq%20Mansoor">Tariq Mansoor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lubos%20Hes"> Lubos Hes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vladimir%20Bajzik"> Vladimir Bajzik </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Socks comfort has great significance in our daily life. This significance even increased when we have undergone a work of low or high activity. It causes the sweating of our body with different rates. In this study, plain socks with differential fibre composition were wetted to saturated level. Then after successive intervals of conditioning, these socks are characterized by thermal resistance in dry and wet states. Theoretical thermal resistance is predicted by using combined filling coefficients and thermal conductivity of wet polymers instead of dry polymer (fibre) in different models. By this modification, different mathematical models could predict thermal resistance at different moisture levels. Furthermore, predicted thermal resistance by different models has reasonable correlation range between (0.84 -0.98) with experimental results in both dry (lab conditions moisture) and wet states. "This work is supported by Technical University of Liberec under SGC-2019. Project number is 21314". <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20resistance" title="thermal resistance">thermal resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20model" title=" mathematical model"> mathematical model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plain%20socks" title=" plain socks"> plain socks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moisture%20loss%20rate" title=" moisture loss rate"> moisture loss rate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107432/an-approach-for-thermal-resistance-prediction-of-plain-socks-in-wet-state" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107432.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">198</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10636</span> Wear Resistance of Graphene Oxide and Carbon Nanotubes Silanized Coatings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Henrique%20Gomes%20dos%20Santos">Henrique Gomes dos Santos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manoel%20Henrique%20Alves"> Manoel Henrique Alves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jane%20Zoppas%20Ferreira"> Jane Zoppas Ferreira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Annelise%20Kopp%20Alves"> Annelise Kopp Alves</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work aimed to seek an environmentally sustainable surface coating alternative by researching the influence of the addition of graphene oxide (GO) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) on the silanization of coatings to increase the wear resistance in galvanized steel, using the pin-on-disk test. The results obtained were compared between different concentrations of additives and the number of coating layers, in addition to comparing with samples without coating and only with silane layers. Bis-1,2-(triethoxysilyl)ethane (BTSE) silane was used in silanizing the coatings with CNT or GO and applied to the samples through dip-coating to form one, four, or eight layers. The wear test results found that three samples stood out in relation to the objective, showing an increase in wear resistance compared to the galvanized sample only. The rolling effect and the lubricity character presented by carbon nanotubes were positive for the increase in wear resistance obtained. The reduction in wear compared to the galvanized-only sample reached 82%. Raman spectroscopy was also carried out to detect the presence of silane, GO, and CNT, in addition to roughness tests and SEM to assess the homogeneity of the coating. The carbonaceous additives, graphene oxide, and carbon nanotubes in certain amounts of layers and specific concentrations fulfilled their objective against the wear imposed on the substrate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silane" title="silane">silane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coating" title=" coating"> coating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphene%20oxide" title=" graphene oxide"> graphene oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20nanotubes" title=" carbon nanotubes"> carbon nanotubes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wear%20resistance" title=" wear resistance"> wear resistance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193571/wear-resistance-of-graphene-oxide-and-carbon-nanotubes-silanized-coatings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193571.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">13</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10635</span> Mutations in rpoB, katG and inhA Genes: The Association with Resistance to Rifampicin and Isoniazid in Egyptian Mycobacterium tuberculosis Clinical Isolates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayman%20K.%20El%20Essawy">Ayman K. El Essawy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amal%20M.%20Hosny"> Amal M. Hosny</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hala%20M.%20Abu%20Shady"> Hala M. Abu Shady</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The rapid detection of TB and drug resistance, both optimizes treatment and improves outcomes. In the current study, respiratory specimens were collected from 155 patients. Conventional susceptibility testing and MIC determination were performed for rifampicin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH). Genotype MTBDRplus assay, which is a molecular genetic assay based on the DNA-STRIP technology and specific gene sequencing with primers for rpoB, KatG, and mab-inhA genes were used to detect mutations associated with resistance to rifampicin and isoniazid. In comparison to other categories, most of rifampicin resistant (61.5%) and isoniazid resistant isolates (47.1%) were from patients relapsed in treatment. The genotypic profile (using Genotype MTBDRplus assay) of multi-drug resistant (MDR) isolates showed missing of katG wild type 1 (WT1) band and appearance of mutation band katG MUT2. For isoniazid mono-resistant isolates, 80% showed katG MUT1, 20% showed katG MUT1, and inhA MUT1, 20% showed only inhA MUT1. Accordingly, 100% of isoniazid resistant strains were detected by this assay. Out of 17 resistant strains, 16 had mutation bands for katG distinguished high resistance to isoniazid. The assay could clearly detect rifampicin resistance among 66.7% of MDR isolates that showed mutation band rpoB MUT3 while 33.3% of them were considered as unknown. One mono-resistant rifampicin isolate did not show rifampicin mutation bands by Genotype MTBDRplus assay, but it showed an unexpected mutation in Codon 531 of rpoB by DNA sequence analysis. Rifampicin resistance in this strain could be associated with a mutation in codon 531 of rpoB (based on molecular sequencing), and Genotype MTBDRplus assay could not detect the associated mutation. If the results of Genotype MTBDRplus assay and sequencing were combined, this strain shows hetero-resistance pattern. Gene sequencing of eight selected isolates, previously tested by Genotype MTBDRplus assay, could detect resistance mutations mainly in codon 315 (katG gene), position -15 in inhA promotes gene for isoniazid resistance and codon 531 (rpoB gene) for rifampicin resistance. Genotyping techniques allow distinguishing between recurrent cases of reinfection or reactivation and supports epidemiological studies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20tuberculosis" title="M. tuberculosis">M. tuberculosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rpoB" title=" rpoB"> rpoB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=KatG" title=" KatG"> KatG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inhA" title=" inhA"> inhA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genotype%20MTBDRplus" title=" genotype MTBDRplus"> genotype MTBDRplus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115843/mutations-in-rpob-katg-and-inha-genes-the-association-with-resistance-to-rifampicin-and-isoniazid-in-egyptian-mycobacterium-tuberculosis-clinical-isolates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115843.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">167</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10634</span> Molecular Characterization of Functional Domain (LRR) of TLR9 Genes in Malnad Gidda Cattle and Their Comparison to Cross Breed Cattle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ananthakrishna%20L.%20R.">Ananthakrishna L. R.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramesh%20D."> Ramesh D.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kumar%20Wodeyar"> Kumar Wodeyar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kotresh%20A.%20M."> Kotresh A. M.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gururaj%20P.%20M."> Gururaj P. M.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Malnad Gidda is the indigenous recognized cattle breed of Shivamogga District of Karnataka state, India is known for its disease resistance to many of the infectious diseases. There are 25 LRR (Leucine Rich Repeats) identified in bovine (Bos indicus) TLR9. The amino acid sequence of LRR is deduced to nucleotide sequence in BLASTx bioinformatic online tools. LRR2 to LRR10 are involved in pathogen recognition and binding in human TLR9 which showed a higher degree of nucleotide variations with respect to disease resistance to various pathogens. Hence, primers were designed to amplify the flanking sequences of LRR2 to LRR10, to discover the nucleotide variations if any, in Malnad Gidda breed of Cattle which is associated with disease resistance. The DNA isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of ten Malnad Gidda cattle. A desired and specific amplification product of 0.8 kb was obtained at an annealing temperature of 56.6ᵒC. All the PCR products were sequenced on both sides by gene-specific primers. The sequences were compared with TLR9 sequence of cross breed cattle obtained from NCBI data bank. The sequence analysis between Malnad Gidda and crossbreed cattle revealed no nucleotide variations in the region LRR2 to LRR9 which shows the conserved in pathogen binding domain (LRR) of TLR9. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leucine%20rich%20repeats" title="leucine rich repeats">leucine rich repeats</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malnad%20Gidda" title=" Malnad Gidda"> Malnad Gidda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross%20breed" title=" cross breed"> cross breed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TLR9" title=" TLR9"> TLR9</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84527/molecular-characterization-of-functional-domain-lrr-of-tlr9-genes-in-malnad-gidda-cattle-and-their-comparison-to-cross-breed-cattle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84527.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">226</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10633</span> Effects of Resistance Exercise Training on Blood Profile and CRP in Men with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohsen%20Salesi">Mohsen Salesi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyyed%20Zoheir%20Rabei"> Seyyed Zoheir Rabei </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Exercise has been considered a cornerstone of diabetes prevention and treatment for decades, but the benefits of resistance training are less clear. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of resistance training on blood profile and inflammatory marker (CRP) of type 2 diabetes mellitus people. Thirty diabetic male were recruited (age: 50.34±10.28 years) and randomly assigned to 8 weeks resistance exercise training (n=15) and control groups (n=15). Before and after training blood pressure, weight, lipid profile (TC, TG, LDL-c, and HDL-c) and hs-CRP were measured. The resistance exercise training group took part in supervised 50–80 minutes resistance training sessions, three days a week on non-consecutive days for 8 weeks. Each exercise session included approximately 10 min of warm-up and cool-down periods. Results showed that TG significantly decreased (pre 210.19±9.31 vs. 101.12±7.25, p=0.03) and HDL-c significantly increased (pre 42.37±3.15 vs. 47.50±2.19, p=0.01) after exercise training. However, there was no difference between groups in TC, LDL-c, BMI and weight. In addition, a decrease in fasting blood glucose levels showed significant difference between groups (pre 144.65±5.73 vs. 124.21±6.48 p=0.04). Regular resistance exercise training can improve the lipid profile and reducing the cardiovascular risk factors in T2DM patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipid%20profile" title="lipid profile">lipid profile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistance%20exercise" title=" resistance exercise"> resistance exercise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=type%202%20diabetes%20mellitus" title=" type 2 diabetes mellitus"> type 2 diabetes mellitus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=men" title=" men"> men</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50167/effects-of-resistance-exercise-training-on-blood-profile-and-crp-in-men-with-type-2-diabetes-mellitus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50167.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">415</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10632</span> Numerical Investigation of Electrohydrodynamics: Enhanced Heat Transfer in a Solid Sample</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suwimon%20Saneewong%20Na%20Ayuttaya">Suwimon Saneewong Na Ayuttaya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a numerical investigation of electrically driven flow for enhancing convective heat transfer in a channel flow. This study focuses on the electrode arrangements, number of electrode and electrical voltage on Electrohydrodynamics (EHD) and effect of airflow driven on solid sample surface. The inlet airflow and inlet temperature are 0.35 m/s and 60 <sup>o</sup>C, respectively. High electrical voltage is tested in the range of 0-30 kV and number of electrode is tested in the range of 1-5. The numerical results show that electric field intensity is depended on electrical voltage and number of electrode. Increasing number of electrodes is increased shear flow, so swirling flow is increased. The swirling flows from aligned and staggered arrangements are affecting within the solid sample. When electrical voltage is increased, temperature distribution and convective heat transfer on the solid sample are significantly increased due to the electric force much stronger. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrohydrodynamics%20%28EHD%29" title="electrohydrodynamics (EHD)">electrohydrodynamics (EHD)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swirling%20flow" title=" swirling flow"> swirling flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convective%20heat%20transfer" title=" convective heat transfer"> convective heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solid%20sample" title=" solid sample"> solid sample</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47905/numerical-investigation-of-electrohydrodynamics-enhanced-heat-transfer-in-a-solid-sample" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47905.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">293</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10631</span> Visualized Flow Patterns around and inside a Two-Sided Wind-Catcher in the Presence of Upstream Structures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Afshin">M. Afshin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Sohankar"> A. Sohankar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Dehghan%20Manshadi"> M. Dehghan Manshadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20R.%20Daneshgar"> M. R. Daneshgar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20R.%20Dehghan%20Kamaragi"> G. R. Dehghan Kamaragi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the influence of an upstream structure on the flow pattern within and around the wind-catcher is experimentally investigated by smoke flow visualization techniques. Wind-catchers are an important part of natural ventilation in residential buildings or public places such as shopping centers, libraries, etc. Wind-catchers might be also used in places of high urban densities; hence their potential to provide natural ventilation in this case is dependent on the presence of upstream objects. In this study, the two-sided wind-catcher model was based on a real wind-catcher observed in the city of Yazd, Iran. The present study focuses on the flow patterns inside and outside the isolated two-sided wind-catcher, and on a two-sided wind-catcher in the presence of an upstream structure. The results show that the presence of an upstream structure influences the airflow pattern force and direction. Placing a high upstream object reverses the airflow direction inside the wind-catcher. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20ventilation" title="natural ventilation">natural ventilation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smoke%20flow%20visualization" title=" smoke flow visualization"> smoke flow visualization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-sided%20wind-catcher" title=" two-sided wind-catcher"> two-sided wind-catcher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20patterns" title=" flow patterns"> flow patterns</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16978/visualized-flow-patterns-around-and-inside-a-two-sided-wind-catcher-in-the-presence-of-upstream-structures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16978.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">573</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10630</span> Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations of Thermal and Flow Fields inside a Desktop Personal Computer Cabin</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Salehi">Mohammad Salehi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Erfan%20Doraki"> Mohammad Erfan Doraki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, airflow analysis inside a desktop computer case is performed by simulating computational fluid dynamics. The purpose is to investigate the cooling process of the central processing unit (CPU) with thermal capacities of 80 and 130 watts. The airflow inside the computer enclosure, selected from the microATX model, consists of the main components of heat production such as CPU, hard disk drive, CD drive, floppy drive, memory card and power supply unit; According to the amount of thermal power produced by the CPU with 80 and 130 watts of power, two different geometries have been used for a direct and radial heat sink. First, the independence of the computational mesh and the validation of the solution were performed, and after ensuring the correctness of the numerical solution, the results of the solution were analyzed. The simulation results showed that changes in CPU temperature and other components linearly increased with increasing CPU heat output. Also, the ambient air temperature has a significant effect on the maximum processor temperature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20fluid%20dynamics" title="computational fluid dynamics">computational fluid dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CPU%20cooling" title=" CPU cooling"> CPU cooling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer%20case%20simulation" title=" computer case simulation"> computer case simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20sink" title=" heat sink"> heat sink</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134116/computational-fluid-dynamics-simulations-of-thermal-and-flow-fields-inside-a-desktop-personal-computer-cabin" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134116.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">122</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10629</span> Improvement of Wear Resistance of 356 Aluminum Alloy by High Energy Electron Beam Irradiation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Farnush">M. Farnush</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is concerned with the microstructural analysis and improvement of wear resistance of 356 aluminum alloy by a high energy electron beam. Shock hardening on material by high energy electron beam improved wear resistance. Particularly, in the surface of material by shock hardening, the wear resistance was greatly enhanced to 29% higher than that of the 356 aluminum alloy substrate. These findings suggested that surface shock hardening using high energy electron beam irradiation was economical and useful for the development of surface shock hardening with improved wear resistance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Al356%20alloy" title="Al356 alloy">Al356 alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HEEB" title=" HEEB"> HEEB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wear%20resistance" title=" wear resistance"> wear resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frictional%20characteristics" title=" frictional characteristics"> frictional characteristics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47963/improvement-of-wear-resistance-of-356-aluminum-alloy-by-high-energy-electron-beam-irradiation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47963.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">318</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10628</span> Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Polymorphism and Disease Resistance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oya%20Bulut">Oya Bulut</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oguzhan%20Avci"> Oguzhan Avci</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zafer%20Bulut"> Zafer Bulut</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atilla%20Simsek"> Atilla Simsek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Livestock breeders have focused on the improvement of production traits with little or no attention for improvement of disease resistance traits. In order to determine the association between the genetic structure of the individual gene loci with possibility of the occurrence and the development of diseases, MHC (major histocompatibility complex) are frequently used. Because of their importance in the immune system, MHC locus is considered as candidate genes for resistance/susceptibility against to different diseases. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules play a critical role in both innate and adaptive immunity and have been considered candidate molecular markers of an association between polymorphisms and resistance/susceptibility to diseases. The purpose of this study is to give some information about MHC genes become an important area of study in recent years in terms of animal husbandry and determine the relation between MHC genes and resistance/susceptibility to disease. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MHC" title="MHC">MHC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymorphism" title=" polymorphism"> polymorphism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disease" title=" disease"> disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistance" title=" resistance"> resistance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51038/major-histocompatibility-complex-mhc-polymorphism-and-disease-resistance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51038.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">631</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=specific%20airflow%20resistance&page=1" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=specific%20airflow%20resistance&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">2</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=specific%20airflow%20resistance&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=specific%20airflow%20resistance&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=specific%20airflow%20resistance&page=5">5</a></li> <li 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class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=specific%20airflow%20resistance&page=357">357</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=specific%20airflow%20resistance&page=3" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div 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