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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Indonesian_developments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indonesian_developments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Indonesian developments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indonesian_developments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suriakartalegawa's_Pasundan_Republic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suriakartalegawa's_Pasundan_Republic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Suriakartalegawa's Pasundan Republic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suriakartalegawa's_Pasundan_Republic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-West_Java_Conferences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#West_Java_Conferences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>West 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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Person_of_interests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Person of interests</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Person_of_interests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" 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– Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pasundan" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negara_Pasundan" title="Negara Pasundan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Negara Pasundan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasundan" title="Pasundan – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pasundan" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%82%B9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E3%83%B3%E5%9B%BD" title="パスンダン国 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パスンダン国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Государство Пасундан – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Государство Пасундан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B7%BD%E4%B8%B9%E5%9B%BD" title="巴巽丹国 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="巴巽丹国" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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.ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">State of Pasundan</div><div class="ib-country-names"><i>Negara Pasundan</i><br /> <span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮕᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓᮔ᮪</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">1948–1950</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Pasundan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Pasundan"><img alt="Flag of Pasundan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Pasundan.svg/125px-Flag_of_Pasundan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Pasundan.svg/188px-Flag_of_Pasundan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Pasundan.svg/250px-Flag_of_Pasundan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_the_United_States_of_Indonesia" title="Flags of the United States of Indonesia">Regional Flag</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_State_of_Pasundan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Pasundan"><img alt="Coat of arms of Pasundan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Coat_of_arms_of_the_State_of_Pasundan.svg/85px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_State_of_Pasundan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Coat_of_arms_of_the_State_of_Pasundan.svg/128px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_State_of_Pasundan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Coat_of_arms_of_the_State_of_Pasundan.svg/170px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_State_of_Pasundan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="382" /></a></span></div> <div>Coat of arms</div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Motto: </b><i>Gemah Ripah, Pasir Wukir, Loh Djinawi</i> (<a href="/wiki/Sundanese_language" title="Sundanese language">Sundanese</a>)<br />(Prosperity and joy from the ocean to the mountains makes everybody thriving and longliving)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem"><b>Anthem:</b> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia_Raya" title="Indonesia Raya">Indonesia Raya</a><sup id="cite_ref-HnvS_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HnvS-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Pasundan_in_the_United_States_of_Indonesia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Pasundan_in_the_United_States_of_Indonesia.svg/220px-Pasundan_in_the_United_States_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Pasundan_in_the_United_States_of_Indonesia.svg/330px-Pasundan_in_the_United_States_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Pasundan_in_the_United_States_of_Indonesia.svg/440px-Pasundan_in_the_United_States_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="786" data-file-height="361" /></a></span><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none" data-switcher-default="">Show map of United States of Indonesia</span></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:State_of_Pasundan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/State_of_Pasundan.svg/250px-State_of_Pasundan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/State_of_Pasundan.svg/375px-State_of_Pasundan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/State_of_Pasundan.svg/500px-State_of_Pasundan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="151" data-file-height="81" /></a></span><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of West Java</span></div></div><div class="ib-country-map-caption"><b>Top:</b><br />State of Pasundan within the <a href="/wiki/United_States_of_Indonesia" title="United States of Indonesia">USI</a><br /><b>Bottom:</b><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#346733; color:white;"> </span> State of Pasundan</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#C6DEBD; color:black;"> </span> Batavia/Jakarta Federal District<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#49C946; color:black;"> </span> Banten<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Dutch-<a href="/wiki/Puppet_state" title="Puppet state">sponsored state</a> (1948–1949)<br />Constituent state of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_of_Indonesia" title="United States of Indonesia">United States of Indonesia</a> (1949–1950)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung">Bandoeng</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_republic" title="Parliamentary republic">Parliamentary republic</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Wali_Negara_of_Pasundan" title="Wali Negara of Pasundan">Head of State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1948–1950 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Raden_Adipati_Aria_Muharam_Wiranatakusumah" class="mw-redirect" title="Raden Adipati Aria Muharam Wiranatakusumah">R. A. A. Wiranatakusumah</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Pasundan" title="Prime Minister of Pasundan">Prime Minister</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1948–1949 </div></th><td class="infobox-data">Adil Poeradiredja</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1949–1950 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Djumhana_Wiriaatmadja" title="Djumhana Wiriaatmadja">Djumhana Wiriaatmadja</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1950 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Anwar_Tjokroaminoto" title="Anwar Tjokroaminoto">Anwar Tjokroaminoto</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliament_of_Pasundan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parliament of Pasundan (page does not exist)">Parliament of Pasundan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historical era</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_World_War_II" title="Aftermath of World War II">Aftermath of World War II</a>/<a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution" title="Indonesian National Revolution">Indonesian National Revolution</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Java_Conferences&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="West Java Conferences (page does not exist)">West Java Conferences</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">26 February 1948</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=Soevereiniteitsoverdracht&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soevereiniteitsoverdracht (page does not exist)">Sovereignty transfer</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">27 December 1949</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/APRA_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="APRA coup d'état">APRA coup d'état</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">22–23 January 1950</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Dissolved </div></th><td class="infobox-data">11 March 1950</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_Pasundan_%28Separatist%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Pasundan_%28Separatist%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_Pasundan_%28Separatist%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Pasundan_%28Separatist%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_Pasundan_%28Separatist%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Pasundan_%28Separatist%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2068" data-file-height="1379" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasundan_Republic_(1947)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasundan Republic (1947) (page does not exist)">Pasundan Republic (1947)</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/West_Java" title="West Java">West Java</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>State of Pasundan</b> (<a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a>: <i>Negara Pasundan</i>; <a href="/wiki/Sundanese_language" title="Sundanese language">Sundanese</a>: <i>Nagara Pasundan</i>) was a <a href="/wiki/Federated_state" title="Federated state">federal state</a> <i>(negara bagian)</i> formed in the western part of the <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesian</a> island of <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a> by the Netherlands in 1948 following the <a href="/wiki/Linggadjati_Agreement" title="Linggadjati Agreement">Linggadjati Agreement</a>. It was similar to the geographical area now encompassed by the current <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Indonesia" title="Provinces of Indonesia">provinces</a> of <a href="/wiki/West_Java" title="West Java">West Java</a>, <a href="/wiki/Banten" title="Banten">Banten</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>. </p><p>A <b>Pasundan Republic</b> (<a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a>: <i lang="id">Republik Pasundan</i>) was declared on 4 May 1947 but was dissolved later that year. On 26 February 1948, the <b>State of West Java</b> <i>(Negara Jawa Barat)</i> was established and, on 24 April 1948, the state was renamed Pasundan. Pasundan became a <a href="/wiki/Federated_state" title="Federated state">federal state</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_of_Indonesia" title="United States of Indonesia">United States of Indonesia</a> in 1949 but was incorporated into the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Indonesia_(1949%E2%80%931950)" title="Republic of Indonesia (1949–1950)">Republic of Indonesia</a> (itself also a constituent of the USI) on 11 March 1950.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2009, there was a proposal to rename the present <a href="/wiki/West_Java" title="West Java">West Java</a> province <i>Pasundan</i> ("Province of the <a href="/wiki/Sundanese_people" title="Sundanese people">Sundanese</a>") after the historical name for West Java.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_of_Pasundan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indonesian_developments">Indonesian developments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_of_Pasundan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Indonesian developments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 17 August 1945, <a href="/wiki/Sukarno" title="Sukarno">Sukarno</a> <a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_Indonesian_Independence" title="Proclamation of Indonesian Independence">proclaimed the independence of Indonesia</a>, which had been a <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch colony</a>, and then had been <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies">occupied by the Japanese</a> since 1942. The Dutch wished to retain control, and an <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_national_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesian national revolution">armed conflict</a> broke out.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ricklefs_2008_341–344_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ricklefs_2008_341–344-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November 1946, following international pressure, the Indonesians and Dutch signed the <a href="/wiki/Linggadjati_Agreement" title="Linggadjati Agreement">Linggadjati Agreement</a>, in which the Dutch recognized Indonesian <i>de facto</i> authority over Java and Sumatra and both sides agreed to cooperate in the establishment of a <a href="/wiki/United_States_of_Indonesia" title="United States of Indonesia">United States of Indonesia</a> comprising the Republic, <a href="/wiki/Borneo" title="Borneo">Borneo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Great_East" title="Great East">eastern Indonesia</a>. However the Dutch began creating federal states unilaterally, beginning with the <a href="/wiki/State_of_East_Indonesia" title="State of East Indonesia">State of East Indonesia</a> in December 1946. By July 1947, the cost to the Dutch of maintaining military forces in Indonesia and the desire to regain access to the resources of Java and Sumatra led the decision to attack the Republic. At midnight on 30 July 1947, the Dutch launched a <a href="/wiki/Operation_Product" title="Operation Product">"Police Action"</a>, and took control of West Java and Madura as well as the areas around <a href="/wiki/Semarang" title="Semarang">Semarang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medan" title="Medan">Medan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palembang" title="Palembang">Palembang</a>.  <sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Suriakartalegawa's_Pasundan_Republic"><span id="Suriakartalegawa.27s_Pasundan_Republic"></span>Suriakartalegawa's Pasundan Republic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_of_Pasundan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Suriakartalegawa's Pasundan Republic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:132px;max-width:132px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:130px;max-width:130px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:85px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Pasundan_(Separatist).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_Pasundan_%28Separatist%29.svg/128px-Flag_of_Pasundan_%28Separatist%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_Pasundan_%28Separatist%29.svg/192px-Flag_of_Pasundan_%28Separatist%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_Pasundan_%28Separatist%29.svg/256px-Flag_of_Pasundan_%28Separatist%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2068" data-file-height="1379" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Flag of the Pasundan State(1947)</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:130px;max-width:130px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:159px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Suria_Kartalegawa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Suria_Kartalegawa.jpg/128px-Suria_Kartalegawa.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Suria_Kartalegawa.jpg/192px-Suria_Kartalegawa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Suria_Kartalegawa.jpg/256px-Suria_Kartalegawa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="634" data-file-height="791" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Musa_Suriakartalegawa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Musa Suriakartalegawa (page does not exist)">Musa Suriakartalegawa</a>, President of Pasundan</div></div></div></div></div> <p>The first attempt at establishing an independent republican State of Pasundan was by a Sundanese aristocrat named Musa Suriakartalegawa, who later claimed that it was at the suggestion of the political adviser to Dutch East Indies Lieutenant Governor <a href="/wiki/Hubertus_van_Mook" title="Hubertus van Mook">Hubertus van Mook</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He began laying the foundations of the republic by establishing the Pasundan People's Party (<i>Partai Rakyat Pasundan</i>, PRP) on 18 November 1946, with Raden Sadikin as the chairman of the party.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Raden Sadikin, an employee of a Dutch food distribution centre in <a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung_Utara" class="extiw" title="id:Bandung Utara">North Bandung</a>, was chosen as the chairman of the party due to Kartalegawa's low reputation. Suriakartalegawa himself was not sympathetic to the Indonesian national movement.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party itself was established as a response to the lack of Sundanese representation in the <a href="/wiki/Malino_Conference" title="Malino Conference">Malino Conference</a> and Pangkalpinang Conference.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As secretary and treasurer of the party, two men who had been a <a href="/wiki/Chauffeur" title="Chauffeur">chauffeur</a> before the war and garden foremen during the Japanese occupation were appointed. Party membership was done by ‘subtle coercion’.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kartalegawa sought to realise a Pasundan Republic independent of Indonesia. This effort was supported by the Dutch Resident in Bandung, M. Klaassen, who wrote a report, dated 27 December 1946. The <a href="/wiki/Preanger" class="mw-redirect" title="Preanger">Preanger</a> resident wrote in his report, that for centuries, there had been Sundanese-Javanese ethnic rivalry, due to differences in customs, traditions and mentality. Indonesia had always been led by the Javanese, so the PRP was seen as a spontaneous popular movement. Klaassen expressed satisfaction with the rise of this anti-republican movement in <a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatar_Sunda" class="extiw" title="id:Tatar Sunda">Tatar Pasundan</a>, advocating for Dutch support, though he harbored concerns about certain PRP members who he believed were motivated by personal gain rather than genuine regional loyalty. Whist governor Abbenhuis shared Klaassen's view and backing, Dr. <a href="/wiki/Hubertus_van_Mook" title="Hubertus van Mook">Hubertus van Mook</a>, the Dutch High Commissioner of the Dutch East Indies, opposed backing the movement. </p><p>Using the party as the base of support, Suriakartalegawa established the State of Pasundan in the small areas of West Java still controlled by the Dutch. On May 4, 1947, he proclaimed the establishment of the Pasundan State at a large gathering in Bandung, attended by approximately 5,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dutch military forces provided trucks to transport people to the proclamation site and during the ceremony, Dutch military police officers presented attendees with Pasundan flags and bread to encourage them to parade in support of the republic. Suriakartalegawa appointed himself as the president and Koestomo as the prime minister in a provisional government. The Dutch supported Suriakartalegawa by providing facilities such as the press and radio, while the Enlightenment Service of the Dutch helped to spread propaganda pamphlets of the PRP.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its implementation was assisted by Dutch military intelligence, <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_East_Indies_Forces_Intelligence_Service" title="Netherlands East Indies Forces Intelligence Service">Netherlands East Indies Forces Intelligence Service</a> (NEFIS). Although Van Mook had prohibited such actions, local Dutch officials provided logistical support, transporting Kartalegawa's followers to Bogor, where they were welcomed by Colonel Thompson and Resident Statius Muller.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The establishment of the state was denounced by Sundanese aristocrats and commoners and did not lessen people's support for the Republic of Indonesia. Wiranatakusumah and his family sent out a wire to <a href="/wiki/Sukarno" title="Sukarno">Sukarno</a> on 6 May 1947 that opposed the establishment of the State of Pasundan.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kahin_1952_239_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kahin_1952_239-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time, Soekarno was still supported by many people and Kartalegawa was considered a defector. But this did not prevent Kartalegawa from launching a movement in Bogor in May 1947, occupying offices and stations and even taking a resident prisoner. The PRP case was a political upheaval that illustrated the situation after Military Aggression, July 1947, in Tatar Sunda. Public meetings were held throughout West Java to oppose the formation of the state, and the Indonesian army in Garut announced IDR 10,000 bounty for the capture of Suriakartalegawa, either dead or alive. Suriakartalegawa's son and mother spoke out against the formation of the state on the Indonesian <i><a href="/wiki/Radio_Republik_Indonesia" title="Radio Republik Indonesia">Radio Republik Indonesia</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-p33_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p33-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following press reports of the farcical nature of the state, and noticing the lack of support for it, the Netherlands Government Information Service withdrew its support. Suriakartalegawa's republic practically disappeared after the July 1947 Dutch "Police Action". The establishment of Pasundan convinced the Republican side of the Dutch intention to "divide and rule" and maintain their control over Indonesia.<sup id="cite_ref-p33_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p33-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="West_Java_Conferences">West Java Conferences</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_of_Pasundan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: West Java Conferences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Opening_of_the_Bandung_Conference,_Satu_Tahun_Berdirinja_Negara_Pasundan,_p102.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Opening_of_the_Bandung_Conference%2C_Satu_Tahun_Berdirinja_Negara_Pasundan%2C_p102.jpg/220px-Opening_of_the_Bandung_Conference%2C_Satu_Tahun_Berdirinja_Negara_Pasundan%2C_p102.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Opening_of_the_Bandung_Conference%2C_Satu_Tahun_Berdirinja_Negara_Pasundan%2C_p102.jpg/330px-Opening_of_the_Bandung_Conference%2C_Satu_Tahun_Berdirinja_Negara_Pasundan%2C_p102.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Opening_of_the_Bandung_Conference%2C_Satu_Tahun_Berdirinja_Negara_Pasundan%2C_p102.jpg/440px-Opening_of_the_Bandung_Conference%2C_Satu_Tahun_Berdirinja_Negara_Pasundan%2C_p102.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1740" data-file-height="1090" /></a><figcaption>Opening of the Bandung Conference</figcaption></figure> <p>Following the "Police Action", the Dutch authorities established an organization to administer the areas they had gained control over. This was headed by a Government Commissioner for Administrative Affairs (<a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>: <i lang="nl">Regeringscommissarissen vor Bestuursaangelegenheden (Recomba)</i>). The West Java Recomba organized a series of conferences involving various groups in West Java to establish a new State of Pasundan. Three conferences were held, all in the city of Bandung.<sup id="cite_ref-Kahin_1952_239_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kahin_1952_239-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first conference was held from 13 until 18 November 1947. It was attended by 50 delegates from all of the regions of West Java and discussed matters regarding the government of the State of Pasundan, the integration between Dutch and Indonesian officials, and efforts to restore peace and security in West Java.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The conference managed to form a liaison committee between the Dutch and the Indonesian officials, headed by <a href="/wiki/Hilman_Djajadiningrat" title="Hilman Djajadiningrat">Hilman Djajadiningrat</a> (then Governor of Jakarta).<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Delegates_in_the_Bandung_Conference,_Satu_Tahun_Berdirinja_Negara_Pasundan,_p103.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Delegates_in_the_Bandung_Conference%2C_Satu_Tahun_Berdirinja_Negara_Pasundan%2C_p103.jpg/220px-Delegates_in_the_Bandung_Conference%2C_Satu_Tahun_Berdirinja_Negara_Pasundan%2C_p103.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Delegates_in_the_Bandung_Conference%2C_Satu_Tahun_Berdirinja_Negara_Pasundan%2C_p103.jpg/330px-Delegates_in_the_Bandung_Conference%2C_Satu_Tahun_Berdirinja_Negara_Pasundan%2C_p103.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Delegates_in_the_Bandung_Conference%2C_Satu_Tahun_Berdirinja_Negara_Pasundan%2C_p103.jpg/440px-Delegates_in_the_Bandung_Conference%2C_Satu_Tahun_Berdirinja_Negara_Pasundan%2C_p103.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1744" data-file-height="1188" /></a><figcaption>Delegates in the Bandung Conference</figcaption></figure> <p>The next conference was held a month later, from 16 until 20 December 1947. A larger number of delegates (170 delegates) attended. Instead of representing the Sundanese people only, the delegates also came from minorities in West Java (Chinese, Arabic, Europeans, <a href="/wiki/Indo_people" title="Indo people">Indo people</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Five more people were appointed to the liaison committee, three of which represented minorities. The liaison committee was renamed the preparatory committee.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There were three opinions regarding the formation of the State of Pasundan. The majority of the delegates opted to establish a definitive government, while the others (mainly pro-Indonesian) opted for transitional government or refused to form a government until a <a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum">referendum</a> was held.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three motions were submitted to the conference by the delegates. Even though these motions had differences, they were seen as all having a common aim, and following negotiations, they were combined in the form of a resolution stating that the next conference should form a provisional government for West Java with a parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Adil_Puradiredja_at_a_press_conference,_Satu_Tahun_Berdirinja_Negara_Pasundan,_p96.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Adil_Puradiredja_at_a_press_conference%2C_Satu_Tahun_Berdirinja_Negara_Pasundan%2C_p96.jpg/220px-Adil_Puradiredja_at_a_press_conference%2C_Satu_Tahun_Berdirinja_Negara_Pasundan%2C_p96.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Adil_Puradiredja_at_a_press_conference%2C_Satu_Tahun_Berdirinja_Negara_Pasundan%2C_p96.jpg/330px-Adil_Puradiredja_at_a_press_conference%2C_Satu_Tahun_Berdirinja_Negara_Pasundan%2C_p96.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Adil_Puradiredja_at_a_press_conference%2C_Satu_Tahun_Berdirinja_Negara_Pasundan%2C_p96.jpg/440px-Adil_Puradiredja_at_a_press_conference%2C_Satu_Tahun_Berdirinja_Negara_Pasundan%2C_p96.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1764" data-file-height="1092" /></a><figcaption>Press conference meeting with a map of the proposed tate of West Java</figcaption></figure> <p>In January 1948, following international pressure, Indonesian Republicans and the Dutch signed the <a href="/wiki/Renville_Agreement" title="Renville Agreement">Renville Agreement</a>, which recognized Dutch authority over Indonesia pending the handing over of sovereignty to a United States of Indonesia (USI), of which the Republic of Indonesia would be one component. Regions would be given the option to decide whether to join the USI or the Republic of Indonesia. The agreement also led to the division of Java into areas of Dutch and Republic of Indonesia control separated by a ceasefire line known as the <i>van Mook</i> Line. The Pasundan region was within the Dutch-controlled area.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Election_of_the_Wali_Negara,_Satu_Tahun_Berdirinja_Negara_Pasundan,_p67.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Election_of_the_Wali_Negara%2C_Satu_Tahun_Berdirinja_Negara_Pasundan%2C_p67.jpg/220px-Election_of_the_Wali_Negara%2C_Satu_Tahun_Berdirinja_Negara_Pasundan%2C_p67.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Election_of_the_Wali_Negara%2C_Satu_Tahun_Berdirinja_Negara_Pasundan%2C_p67.jpg/330px-Election_of_the_Wali_Negara%2C_Satu_Tahun_Berdirinja_Negara_Pasundan%2C_p67.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Election_of_the_Wali_Negara%2C_Satu_Tahun_Berdirinja_Negara_Pasundan%2C_p67.jpg/440px-Election_of_the_Wali_Negara%2C_Satu_Tahun_Berdirinja_Negara_Pasundan%2C_p67.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1664" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>Election in process for the position of Wali Negara</figcaption></figure> <p>The final West Java conference, the third, was held from 23 February until 5 March 1948. Of the 100 delegates, 53 were chosen by indirect election, and 43 appointed by the Dutch. Most of these delegates were pro-Indonesia, and a particularly vocal nationalist minority expressed its opposition to the establishment of a separate state without a referendum - as specified in the Renville Agreement. At this conference, republican <a href="/wiki/Wiranatakusumah_V" title="Wiranatakusumah V">R. A. A. Wiranatakusumah</a>, who had served in Indonesia's <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Cabinet_(Indonesia)" title="Presidential Cabinet (Indonesia)">first cabinet</a>, was narrowly elected head of state, or <i>wali negara</i>, and the head of the pro-republican faction, Adil Poeradiredja, was elected prime minister. The delegates to the conference subsequently became the Pasundan parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Establishment_of_the_State_of_Pasundan">Establishment of the State of Pasundan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_of_Pasundan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Establishment of the State of Pasundan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:First_Session_of_the_Parliament_of_Pasundan,_Satu_Tahun_Berdirinja_Negara_Pasundan,_p128.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/First_Session_of_the_Parliament_of_Pasundan%2C_Satu_Tahun_Berdirinja_Negara_Pasundan%2C_p128.jpg/220px-First_Session_of_the_Parliament_of_Pasundan%2C_Satu_Tahun_Berdirinja_Negara_Pasundan%2C_p128.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/First_Session_of_the_Parliament_of_Pasundan%2C_Satu_Tahun_Berdirinja_Negara_Pasundan%2C_p128.jpg/330px-First_Session_of_the_Parliament_of_Pasundan%2C_Satu_Tahun_Berdirinja_Negara_Pasundan%2C_p128.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/First_Session_of_the_Parliament_of_Pasundan%2C_Satu_Tahun_Berdirinja_Negara_Pasundan%2C_p128.jpg/440px-First_Session_of_the_Parliament_of_Pasundan%2C_Satu_Tahun_Berdirinja_Negara_Pasundan%2C_p128.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1775" data-file-height="1072" /></a><figcaption>First Session of the Parliament of Pasundan</figcaption></figure> <p>On 26 February 1948, the Dutch East Indies government expressed approval of the resolution establishing a provisional West Java government, subsequently renamed Pasundan, and the state came into being.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cabinet was sworn in on 8 May. The Indonesians supporting the state were those dissatisfied with their positions within the Republic of Indonesia or who believed that the republic would not survive and wanted to protect the interests of the ethnic <a href="/wiki/Sundanese_people" title="Sundanese people">Sundanese people</a> within a Sundanese state in a Dutch-supported federal state. However, support for the Indonesian Republic was so strong among the members of the parliament and the cabinet, that the Dutch authorities in Batavia felt obliged to control many aspects of Pasundan life and restrict civil liberties, including the right of assembly. Some powers were transferred to the Pasundan government, but these were severely limited, and the Dutch even kept control of secondary and higher education, as well as the radio, newspapers and information offices.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 19 December 1948, the Dutch launched a second <a href="/wiki/Operation_Kraai" title="Operation Kraai">"Police Action"</a> against the areas controlled by the Republic. Dutch forces captured the republican capital, <a href="/wiki/Yogyakarta" title="Yogyakarta">Yogyakarta</a> and detained President <a href="/wiki/Sukarno" title="Sukarno">Sukarno</a>. In protest, the Pasundan <a href="/wiki/Adil_Cabinet" title="Adil Cabinet">cabinet</a>, along with the cabinet of the largest federal state, the <a href="/wiki/State_of_East_Indonesia" title="State of East Indonesia">State of East Indonesia</a>, resigned, to the embarrassment of the Dutch, who had planned a conference to discuss the form of the federal Indonesian state. Prime Minister Adil Poeradiredja refused to form a new cabinet, and its <a href="/wiki/First_Djumhana_Cabinet" title="First Djumhana Cabinet">6-member replacement</a> was formed by <a href="/wiki/Djumhana_Wiriaatmadja" title="Djumhana Wiriaatmadja">Djumhana Wiriaatmadja</a>. However, the new cabinet's anti-Dutch stance angered the Batavia administration, which threatened to arrest key members of the government and install a military government. Four members of the cabinet subsequently resigned, as did Djumhana on 28 January 1949. He then formed a <a href="/wiki/Second_Djumhana_Cabinet" title="Second Djumhana Cabinet">cabinet</a> more acceptable to the Dutch. In early March 1949, Prime Minister Djumhana was part of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Consultative_Assembly" title="Federal Consultative Assembly">Federal Consultative Assembly</a> delegation, representing the non-Republican Indonesian states, that took part in negotiations with Indonesian president Sukarno and other senior officials on the island of <a href="/wiki/Bangka_Island" title="Bangka Island">Bangka</a>, where Sukarno had been exiled by the Dutch. Both parties to these negotiations, together with the Dutch, then took part in the <a href="/wiki/Dutch%E2%80%93Indonesian_Round_Table_Conference" title="Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference">Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference</a> in <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">the Hague</a> from August to November. This conference led to the Dutch transferring sovereignty to the United States of Indonesia, with Pasundan as one component of it, on 27 December.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dissolution">Dissolution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_of_Pasundan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Dissolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Dutch-sponsored Pasundan government was never in control of the entire area that officially constituted the state. At the time of its establishment, around 25 percent of the area was in the hands of Islamic anti-Dutch groups, including <a href="/wiki/Darul_Islam_(Indonesia)" title="Darul Islam (Indonesia)">Darul Islam</a>. Even following the second Dutch "police action" launched against the Republic in December 1948, only one-third of the state was controlled by the Dutch.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 23 January 1950, <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Westerling" title="Raymond Westerling">Raymond Westerling</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_the_Just_Ruler" title="Legion of the Just Ruler">Legion of the Just Ruler</a> (APRA) launched a <a href="/wiki/APRA_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="APRA coup d'état">coup attempt</a>. They occupied key locations in Bandung and then headed for Jakarta to attack the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_United_States_of_Indonesia_Cabinet" title="Republic of the United States of Indonesia Cabinet">United States of Indonesia Cabinet</a>. The coup failed, but the fact that it had been launched from Pasundan, and that several Pasundan leaders were arrested for their involvement, severely damaged the credibility of the state. On 9 February, a day after the USI cabinet passed an emergency law transferring the authority of the Pasundan government to a State Commissioner for Pasundan, Wiranatakusumah handed over his powers. The following month, Pasundan and a number of other states requested they be merged into the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Indonesia_(1949%E2%80%9350)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Indonesia (1949–50)">Republic of Indonesia</a>. On 11 March 1950, the state of Pasundan became part of the Republic and ceased to exist as a separate entity.<sup id="cite_ref-Ricklefs_2008_341–344_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ricklefs_2008_341–344-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Person_of_interests">Person of interests</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_of_Pasundan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Person of interests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wiranatakusumah_V" title="Wiranatakusumah V">Wiranatakusumah V</a>, wali negara (8 May 1948 to 23 January 1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djumhana_Wiriaatmadja" title="Djumhana Wiriaatmadja">Djumhana Wiriaatmadja</a>, prime minister (10 January 1949 to 11 January 1950)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makmun_Sumadipradja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Makmun Sumadipradja (page does not exist)">Makmun Sumadipradja</a>, home minister (31 January 1949 to 11 January 1950)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdurachim_Kartadjumena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdurachim Kartadjumena (page does not exist)">Abdurachim Kartadjumena</a>, justice minister (18 July 1949 to 11 January 1950)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=P.J._Gerke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="P.J. Gerke (page does not exist)">P.J. Gerke</a>, finance minister (8 May 1948 to 23 January 1950)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Usman_Judakusumah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Usman Judakusumah (page does not exist)">Usman Judakusumah</a>, education minister (8 May 1948 to 23 January 1950)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Musa_Suria_Kertalegawa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Musa Suria Kertalegawa (page does not exist)">Musa Suria Kertalegawa</a>, transportation minister (18 July 1949 to 23 January 1950)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ardiwinangun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ardiwinangun (page does not exist)">Ardiwinangun</a>, social affairs minister (18 July 1949 to 11 January 1950)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sudarma_Suradiradja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sudarma Suradiradja (page does not exist)">Sudarma Suradiradja</a>, economic affairs minister (18 July 1949 to 23 January 1950)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=D._Sukardi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="D. Sukardi (page does not exist)">D. Sukardi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kornel_Singawinata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kornel Singawinata (page does not exist)">Kornel Singawinata</a>, health minister (18 July 1949 to 11 January 1950)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adil_Puradiredja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adil Puradiredja (page does not exist)">Adil Puradiredja</a>, prime minister and home minister (8 May 1948 to 10 January 1949), deputy prime minister and social affairs minister (31 January 1949 to 18 July 1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anwar_Tjokroaminoto" title="Anwar Tjokroaminoto">Anwar Tjokroaminoto</a>, prime minister and home minister (11 January 1950 to 23 January 1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djerman_Prawirawinata" title="Djerman Prawirawinata">Djerman Prawirawinata</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Djundjunan_Setiakusumah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Djundjunan Setiakusumah (page does not exist)">Djundjunan Setiakusumah</a>, health minister (11 January 1950 to 23 January 1950)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiranatakusumah_VI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wiranatakusumah VI (page does not exist)">Wiranatakusumah VI</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tan_Hwat_Tiang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tan Hwat Tiang (page does not exist)">Tan Hwat Tiang</a>, transportation minister (8 May 1948 to 18 July 1949), justice minister (18 October 1948 to 10 January 1949), health minister (31 January 1949 to 18 July 1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Enoch" title="Mohammad Enoch">Mohammad Enoch</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_of_Pasundan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output 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typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Indonesia" title="Portal:Indonesia">Indonesia portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indonesia" title="History of Indonesia">History of Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution" title="Indonesian National Revolution">Indonesian National Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_regions" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesian regions">Indonesian regions</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_of_Pasundan&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The flag of the Negara Jawa Barat (State of West Java), later renamed to Negara Pasundan (Sundanese State) used from 1948‒1950. A precursor design of the White and Green were used for Suriakartalegawa's Pasundan Republic. However, it was unrecognized and was dissolved.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Under federal government but governor appointed by the <a href="/wiki/Wali_Negara_of_Pasundan" title="Wali Negara of Pasundan">Wali Negara of Pasundan</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">From 30 December 1949 until 11 March 1950 as Jakarta Federal District.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Claimed by the State of Pasundan but uncontrolled.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_of_Pasundan&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKasputra2023" class="citation web cs1">Kasputra, Danil (2023-03-09). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://romansabandung.com/selayang-pandang-eksistensi-negara-pasundan-bikinan-belanda/">"Selayang Pandang Eksistensi Negara Pasundan Bikinan Belanda"</a>. <i>Romansa Bandung</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-09-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Romansa+Bandung&rft.atitle=Selayang+Pandang+Eksistensi+Negara+Pasundan+Bikinan+Belanda&rft.date=2023-03-09&rft.aulast=Kasputra&rft.aufirst=Danil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fromansabandung.com%2Fselayang-pandang-eksistensi-negara-pasundan-bikinan-belanda%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+of+Pasundan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HnvS-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HnvS_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.delpher.nl/nl/kranten/view?query=volkslied+van+Pasundan&coll=ddd&sortfield=date&identifier=ddd:010475208:mpeg21:a0020&resultsidentifier=ddd:010475208:mpeg21:a0020">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Indonesia Raja" Pasundans volkslied"</a>. <i>Het nieuwsblad voor Sumatra</i>. 21 April 1949.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Het+nieuwsblad+voor+Sumatra&rft.atitle=%22Indonesia+Raja%22+Pasundans+volkslied&rft.date=1949-04-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.delpher.nl%2Fnl%2Fkranten%2Fview%3Fquery%3Dvolkslied%2Bvan%2BPasundan%26coll%3Dddd%26sortfield%3Ddate%26identifier%3Dddd%3A010475208%3Ampeg21%3Aa0020%26resultsidentifier%3Dddd%3A010475208%3Ampeg21%3Aa0020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+of+Pasundan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/id-4550.html">"United States of Indonesia"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+States+of+Indonesia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crwflags.com%2Ffotw%2Fflags%2Fid-4550.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+of+Pasundan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSimanjuntak2003">Simanjuntak 2003</a>, pp. 99–100</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNasrullah2009" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Nasrullah, Annas (2009-10-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.okezone.com/read/2009/10/28/340/270205/tokoh-jabar-siapkan-deklarasi-provinsi-pasundan">"Tokoh Jabar Siapkan Deklarasi Provinsi Pasundan : Okezone News"</a>. <i>Okezone</i> (in Indonesian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Okezone&rft.atitle=Tokoh+Jabar+Siapkan+Deklarasi+Provinsi+Pasundan+%3A+Okezone+News&rft.date=2009-10-29&rft.aulast=Nasrullah&rft.aufirst=Annas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.okezone.com%2Fread%2F2009%2F10%2F28%2F340%2F270205%2Ftokoh-jabar-siapkan-deklarasi-provinsi-pasundan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+of+Pasundan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFReid1974">Reid 1974</a>, p. 28</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ricklefs_2008_341–344-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ricklefs_2008_341–344_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ricklefs_2008_341–344_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRicklefs2008">Ricklefs 2008</a>, pp. 341–344</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFReid1974">Reid 1974</a>, p. 110</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRicklefs2008">Ricklefs 2008</a>, p. 361</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRicklefs2008">Ricklefs 2008</a>, pp. 362–363</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFReid1974">Reid 1974</a>, pp. 111–112</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKahin1952">Kahin 1952</a>, pp. 108–109</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMulyana2015">Mulyana 2015</a>, p. 66</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHandayani" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Handayani, Maulida Sri. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tirto.id/berakhirnya-negara-pasundan-clgQ">"Berakhirnya Negara Pasundan"</a>. <i>tirto.id</i> (in Indonesian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tirto.id&rft.atitle=Berakhirnya+Negara+Pasundan&rft.aulast=Handayani&rft.aufirst=Maulida+Sri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftirto.id%2Fberakhirnya-negara-pasundan-clgQ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+of+Pasundan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMulyana2015">Mulyana 2015</a>, p. 67</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHandayani" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Handayani, Maulida Sri. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tirto.id/berakhirnya-negara-pasundan-clgQ">"Berakhirnya Negara Pasundan"</a>. <i>tirto.id</i> (in Indonesian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tirto.id&rft.atitle=Berakhirnya+Negara+Pasundan&rft.aulast=Handayani&rft.aufirst=Maulida+Sri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftirto.id%2Fberakhirnya-negara-pasundan-clgQ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+of+Pasundan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMulyana2015">Mulyana 2015</a>, pp. 68–69</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKahin1952">Kahin 1952</a>, p. 238</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWolf2007">Wolf 2007</a>, pp. 108–109</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeliusEkadjatiMarlinaWiwi1992">Helius et al. 1992</a>, p. 32</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kahin_1952_239-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kahin_1952_239_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kahin_1952_239_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKahin1952">Kahin 1952</a>, p. 239</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p33-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-p33_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p33_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeliusEkadjatiMarlinaWiwi1992">Helius et al. 1992</a>, p. 33</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWolf2007">Wolf 2007</a>, p. 109</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchiller1955">Schiller 1955</a>, pp. 74–75</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTuhuteru1948">Tuhuteru 1948</a>, p. 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTuhuteru1948">Tuhuteru 1948</a>, p. 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTuhuteru1948">Tuhuteru 1948</a>, p. 6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTuhuteru1948">Tuhuteru 1948</a>, p. 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeliusEkadjatiMarlinaWiwi1992">Helius et al. 1992</a>, p. 36</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTuhuteru1948">Tuhuteru 1948</a>, p. 14</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKahin1952">Kahin 1952</a>, pp. 369</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRicklefs2008">Ricklefs 2008</a>, p. 364</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeliusEkadjatiMarlinaWiwi1992">Helius et al. 1992</a>, pp. 42–43</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFReid1974">Reid 1974</a>, pp. 226, 233</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKahin1952">Kahin 1952</a>, pp. 244–245</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKahin1952">Kahin 1952</a>, pp. 369–374</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKahin1952">Kahin 1952</a>, pp. 374–377, 444</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRicklefs2008">Ricklefs 2008</a>, pp. 369–370</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAgung1996">Agung 1996</a>, p. 514</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKahin1952">Kahin 1952</a>, p. 369</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKahin1952">Kahin 1952</a>, p. 455</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchiller1955">Schiller 1955</a>, pp. 339, 432</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_of_Pasundan&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAgung1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ide_Anak_Agung_Gde_Agung" title="Ide Anak Agung Gde Agung">Agung, Ide Anak Agung Gde</a> (1996) [1995]. <i>From the Formation of the State of East Indonesia Towards the Establishment of the United States of Indonesia</i>. Translated by Owens, Linda. Yayasan Obor. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-979-461-216-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-979-461-216-3"><bdi>978-979-461-216-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+the+Formation+of+the+State+of+East+Indonesia+Towards+the+Establishment+of+the+United+States+of+Indonesia&rft.pub=Yayasan+Obor&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-979-461-216-3&rft.aulast=Agung&rft.aufirst=Ide+Anak+Agung+Gde&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+of+Pasundan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBastiaans1950" class="citation book cs1">Bastiaans, W.Ch.J. (1950). <i>Personalia van Staatkundige Eenheden (Regering en Volksvertegenwoordiging) in Indonesie</i>. Djakarta: Kementerian Penerangan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Personalia+van+Staatkundige+Eenheden+%28Regering+en+Volksvertegenwoordiging%29+in+Indonesie&rft.place=Djakarta&rft.pub=Kementerian+Penerangan&rft.date=1950&rft.aulast=Bastiaans&rft.aufirst=W.Ch.J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+of+Pasundan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKahin1952" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_McTurnan_Kahin" title="George McTurnan Kahin">Kahin, George McTurnan</a> (1952). <i>Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia</i>. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nationalism+and+Revolution+in+Indonesia&rft.place=Ithaca%2C+NY&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=1952&rft.aulast=Kahin&rft.aufirst=George+McTurnan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+of+Pasundan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeliusEkadjatiMarlinaWiwi1992" class="citation book cs1">Helius, Sjamsuddin; Ekadjati, Edi S.; Marlina, Kuswiah; Wiwi, Ietje (1992). <i>Menuju Negara Kesatuan: Negara Pasundan</i>. Jakarta: Ministry of Education and Culture.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Menuju+Negara+Kesatuan%3A+Negara+Pasundan&rft.place=Jakarta&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Education+and+Culture&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Helius&rft.aufirst=Sjamsuddin&rft.au=Ekadjati%2C+Edi+S.&rft.au=Marlina%2C+Kuswiah&rft.au=Wiwi%2C+Ietje&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+of+Pasundan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMulyana2015" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mulyana, Agus (2015). <i>Negara Pasundan 1947-1950: Gejolak Menak Sunda Menuju Integrasi Nasional</i> (in Indonesian). Yogyakarta: Penerbit Ombak. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9786022583011" title="Special:BookSources/9786022583011"><bdi>9786022583011</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Negara+Pasundan+1947-1950%3A+Gejolak+Menak+Sunda+Menuju+Integrasi+Nasional&rft.place=Yogyakarta&rft.pub=Penerbit+Ombak&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9786022583011&rft.aulast=Mulyana&rft.aufirst=Agus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+of+Pasundan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReid1974" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Reid_(academic)" title="Anthony Reid (academic)">Reid, Anthony J.S</a> (1974), <i>The Indonesian National Revolution, 1945-1950</i>, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia: Longman, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-582-71047-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-582-71047-2"><bdi>0-582-71047-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Indonesian+National+Revolution%2C+1945-1950&rft.place=Hawthorn%2C+Victoria%2C+Australia&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=0-582-71047-2&rft.aulast=Reid&rft.aufirst=Anthony+J.S&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+of+Pasundan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRicklefs2008" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/M._C._Ricklefs" title="M. C. Ricklefs">Ricklefs, M.C.</a> (2008) [1981], <i>A History of Modern Indonesia Since c. 1200</i> (4th ed.), Palgrave MacMillan, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-230-54686-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-230-54686-8"><bdi>978-0-230-54686-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Modern+Indonesia+Since+c.+1200&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Palgrave+MacMillan&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-230-54686-8&rft.aulast=Ricklefs&rft.aufirst=M.C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+of+Pasundan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchiller1955" class="citation cs2">Schiller, A. Arthur (1955), <i>The Formation of Federal Indonesia 1945-1949</i>, The Hague: W. van Hoeve Ltd</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Formation+of+Federal+Indonesia+1945-1949&rft.place=The+Hague&rft.pub=W.+van+Hoeve+Ltd&rft.date=1955&rft.aulast=Schiller&rft.aufirst=A.+Arthur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+of+Pasundan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimanjuntak2003" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Simanjuntak, P. N. H. (2003). <i>Kabinet-Kabinet Republik Indonesia: Dari Awal Kemerdekaan Sampai Reformasi</i> (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Djambatan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/979-428-499-8" title="Special:BookSources/979-428-499-8"><bdi>979-428-499-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kabinet-Kabinet+Republik+Indonesia%3A+Dari+Awal+Kemerdekaan+Sampai+Reformasi&rft.place=Jakarta&rft.pub=Djambatan&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=979-428-499-8&rft.aulast=Simanjuntak&rft.aufirst=P.+N.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+of+Pasundan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTuhuteru1948" class="citation book cs1">Tuhuteru, J.M.A. (1948). <i>Riwajat Singkat Terdirinja Negara Pasoendan</i>. Jakarta: Government Information Office.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Riwajat+Singkat+Terdirinja+Negara+Pasoendan&rft.place=Jakarta&rft.pub=Government+Information+Office&rft.date=1948&rft.aulast=Tuhuteru&rft.aufirst=J.M.A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+of+Pasundan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolf2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Wolf_Jr." title="Charles Wolf Jr.">Wolf, Charles</a> (2007) [1948]. <i>The Indonesian Story - The Birth, Growth And Structure of The indonesian Republic</i>. France Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781406713312" title="Special:BookSources/9781406713312"><bdi>9781406713312</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Indonesian+Story+-+The+Birth%2C+Growth+And+Structure+of+The+indonesian+Republic&rft.pub=France+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9781406713312&rft.aulast=Wolf&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+of+Pasundan" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="State_of_Pasundan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:State_of_Pasundan" title="Template:State of Pasundan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:State_of_Pasundan&action=edit&redlink=1" 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exist)">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regulations_of_the_Constitutional_Organization_of_Pasundan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regulations of the Constitutional Organization of Pasundan (page does not exist)">Constitution</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_State_of_Pasundan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Coat_of_arms_of_the_State_of_Pasundan.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_State_of_Pasundan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Coat_of_arms_of_the_State_of_Pasundan.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_State_of_Pasundan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Coat_of_arms_of_the_State_of_Pasundan.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_State_of_Pasundan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="382" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Home_Affairs_(Pasundan)" title="Ministry of Home Affairs (Pasundan)">Home Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_(Pasundan)" title="Ministry of Justice (Pasundan)">Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_and_Religious_Affairs_(Pasundan)" title="Ministry of Education and Religious Affairs (Pasundan)">Education and Religious Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Social_Affairs_(Pasundan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Social Affairs (Pasundan) (page does not exist)">Social Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_(Pasundan)" title="Ministry of Health (Pasundan)">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Finance_(Pasundan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Finance (Pasundan) (page does not exist)">Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Transportation_and_Irrigation_(Pasundan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Transportation and Irrigation (Pasundan) (page does not exist)">Transportation and Irrigation</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Economic_Affairs_(Pasundan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Economic Affairs (Pasundan) (page does not exist)">Economic Affairs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cabinets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adil_Cabinet" title="Adil Cabinet">Adil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Djumhana_Cabinet" title="First Djumhana Cabinet">Djumhana I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Djumhana_Cabinet" title="Second Djumhana Cabinet">Djumhana II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Djumhana_Cabinet" title="Third Djumhana Cabinet">Djumhana III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anwar_Tjokroaminoto_Cabinet" title="Anwar Tjokroaminoto Cabinet">Anwar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="metadata coord-missing"></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=State_of_Pasundan&oldid=1254664808">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=State_of_Pasundan&oldid=1254664808</a>"</div></div> 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