Le Système International d'Unités

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</div> </div> </section> <section id="g-container-main" class="g-wrapper"> <div class="g-grid"> <div class="g-block size-100"> <main id="g-mainbar" class="section-horizontal-paddings"> <div class="g-grid"> <div class="g-block size-100"> <div class="g-content"> <div class="platform-content container"><div class="row"><div class="col"><div class="com-content-article item-page" > <div class="page-header"> <h2 > Le Système International d'Unités </h2> </div> <div class="com-content-article__body"> <div class="center" style="width: 100%; margin: 0 auto;"> <div class="center" style="display: inline-block; padding: 10px; margin: 0 auto;"> <figure class="article-image"><img title="Le congrès permanent de la langue occitane - Le Système International d'Unités" src="/images/competences/normes/unites-de-mesure/le-congres-de-la-langue-occitane-les-unites-de-mesure.jpg" alt="Le congrès permanent de la langue occitane - Le Système International d'Unités" width="1200" height="456" /> <figcaption>Lo congrès - Le Système International d'Unités</figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <p>Le Système International d'Unités (nom abrégé en SI), version moderne de l'ancien système métrique, est le système d'unités de mesure le plus utilisé au monde. Il est d'usage légal dans quasiment tous les états, en particulier les états européens. Il est décrit dans la brochure officielle<a href="#1"><sup>1</sup></a> (en français, pour des raisons historiques) du Bureau international des poids et mesures, ainsi que ses traductions dans diverses langues, et intégré à la norme internationale ISO 80000.</p> <p>Dans le Système International, il existe des unités de base (ou unités fondamentales) et des unités dérivées. Des préfixes permettent de définir des multiples et des sous-multiples d'unités. Chaque unité a un nom (qui dépend de la langue utilisée) et un symbole (international, indépendant de la langue). Par exemple, l'unité de base SI de la masse a pour nom <em>quilograma</em> en occitan, <em>quilogram</em> en catalan, <em>chilogrammo</em> en italien, etc. ; son symbole, quelle que soit la langue du contexte, est : kg.</p> <h3>Règles orthographiques et typographiques</h3> <h4>Écriture des nombres en chiffres</h4> <p>Le séparateur décimal (entre la partie entière et les décimales) est la virgule ou le point selon l'usage courant dans le contexte. Par exemple, l'écriture décimale du nombre 71/50 est 1,42 ou 1.42.</p> <p>Les nombres qui comprennent un grand nombre de chiffres peuvent se partager, facultativement, en groupes de 3 chiffres séparés par des espaces, afin de faciliter la lecture. Ces groupes ne sont jamais séparés par des points. Par exemple, le nombre « dix mille cinq cents » s'écrit en chiffres 10 500 ou 10500 (mais pas 10.500).</p> <h4>Unités</h4> <h5>Noms d’unités</h5> <p>Ces noms sont des noms communs : ils s'écrivent en minuscules et s'accordent en nombre (un mètre, trente mètres). Cette règle n'a pas d'exception : par exemple, l'unité de base de la température thermodynamique a pour nom <em>kelvin</em>, nom commun provenant du nom du physicien William Thomson, mieux connu comme Lord Kelvin : un kelvin, cent kelvins.</p> <h5>Symboles d’unités</h5> <p>Les symboles d'unités, invariables en nombre, s'écrivent en caractères romains (droits). Ils ne sont pas des abréviations : ils ne se terminent pas par un point<a href="#2"><sup>2</sup></a>. Ils sont en minuscules, sauf quand le nom de l'unité provient d'un nom propre de personne : dans ce cas, la première lettre du symbole est une majuscule. Par exemple, le symbole du kilogramme est : kg (en minuscules) ; le symbole du kelvin est : K ; le symbole du pascal (unité de la pression, dont le nom provient du nom propre <em>Pascal</em>) est : Pa. Les symboles s'emploient uniquement après un nombre écrit en chiffres, et ils en sont séparés par un espace<a href="#3"><sup>3</sup></a> : 1 m (un mètre), 20 K (vingt kelvins).</p> <h3>Unités SI de base</h3> <div style="border: 1px solid #6E6E6E; width: 100%;"> <div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #6E6E6E; background-color: #6e6e6e; color: white; font-weight: bold;"> <div style="width: 38%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">Grandeur de base</div> <div style="float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center; width: 25%;">Nom de l’unité (en occitan)</div> <div style="width: 25%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">Symbole</div> <div style="clear: both; height: 0px;"> </div> </div> <div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #6E6E6E;"> <div style="width: 38%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">longueur</div> <div style="float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center; width: 25%;">mètre</div> <div style="width: 25%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">m</div> <div style="clear: both; height: 0px;"> </div> </div> <div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #6E6E6E;"> <div style="width: 38%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">masse</div> <div style="float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center; width: 25%;">quilograma</div> <div style="width: 25%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">kg</div> <div style="clear: both; height: 0px;"> </div> </div> <div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #6E6E6E;"> <div style="width: 38%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">temps, durée</div> <div style="float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center; width: 25%;">segonda</div> <div style="width: 25%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">s</div> <div style="clear: both; height: 0px;"> </div> </div> <div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #6E6E6E;"> <div style="width: 38%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">courant électrique</div> <div style="float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center; width: 25%;">ampère</div> <div style="width: 25%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">A</div> <div style="clear: both; height: 0px;"> </div> </div> <div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #6E6E6E;"> <div style="width: 38%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">température thermodynamique</div> <div style="float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center; width: 25%;">kelvin</div> <div style="width: 25%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">K</div> <div style="clear: both; height: 0px;"> </div> </div> <div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #6E6E6E;"> <div style="width: 38%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">quantité de matière</div> <div style="float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center; width: 25%;">mòle</div> <div style="width: 25%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">mol</div> <div style="clear: both; height: 0px;"> </div> </div> <div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #6E6E6E;"> <div style="width: 38%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">intensité lumineuse</div> <div style="float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center; width: 25%;">candèla</div> <div style="width: 25%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">cd</div> <div style="clear: both; height: 0px;"> </div> </div> </div> <p> </p> <p>Remarque : <em>segonda</em>, <em>mòle</em>, <em>candèla</em> sont féminins. Les autres noms sont masculins.</p> <h3>Unités SI dérivées</h3> <h4>Exemples d’unités dérivées</h4> <div style="border: 1px solid #6E6E6E; width: 100%;"> <div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #6E6E6E; background-color: #6e6e6e; color: white; font-weight: bold;"> <div style="width: 38%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">Grandeur dérivée</div> <div style="float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center; width: 25%;">Nom de l’unité (en occitan)</div> <div style="width: 25%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">Symbole</div> <div style="clear: both; height: 0px;"> </div> </div> <div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #6E6E6E;"> <div style="width: 38%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">superficie</div> <div style="float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center; width: 25%;">mètre cairat</div> <div style="width: 25%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">m<sup>2</sup></div> <div style="clear: both; height: 0px;"> </div> </div> <div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #6E6E6E;"> <div style="width: 38%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">volume</div> <div style="float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center; width: 25%;">mètre cubic</div> <div style="width: 25%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">m<sup>3</sup></div> <div style="clear: both; height: 0px;"> </div> </div> <div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #6E6E6E;"> <div style="width: 38%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">vitesse</div> <div style="float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center; width: 25%;">mètre per segonda</div> <div style="width: 25%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">m/s</div> <div style="clear: both; height: 0px;"> </div> </div> <div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #6E6E6E;"> <div style="width: 38%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">accélération</div> <div style="float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center; width: 25%;">mètre per segonda cairada</div> <div style="width: 25%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">m/s<sup>2</sup></div> <div style="clear: both; height: 0px;"> </div> </div> </div> <p> </p> <h4>Unités dérivées aux noms spéciaux</h4> <div style="border: 1px solid #6E6E6E; width: 100%;"> <div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #6E6E6E; background-color: #6e6e6e; color: white; font-weight: bold;"> <div style="width: 38%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">Grandeur dérivée</div> <div style="float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center; width: 25%;">Nom de l’unité (en occitan)</div> <div style="width: 25%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">Symbole</div> <div style="clear: both; height: 0px;"> </div> </div> <div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #6E6E6E;"> <div style="width: 38%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">angle plan</div> <div style="float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center; width: 25%;">radiant</div> <div style="width: 25%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">rad</div> <div style="clear: both; height: 0px;"> </div> </div> <div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #6E6E6E;"> <div style="width: 38%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">angle solide</div> <div style="float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center; width: 25%;">esteradiant</div> <div style="width: 25%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">sr</div> <div style="clear: both; height: 0px;"> </div> </div> <div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #6E6E6E;"> <div style="width: 38%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">fréquence</div> <div style="float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center; width: 25%;">hèrtz</div> <div style="width: 25%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">Hz</div> <div style="clear: both; height: 0px;"> </div> </div> <div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #6E6E6E;"> <div style="width: 38%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">force</div> <div style="float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center; width: 25%;">newton</div> <div style="width: 25%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">N</div> <div style="clear: both; height: 0px;"> </div> </div> <div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #6E6E6E;"> <div style="width: 38%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">pression</div> <div style="float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center; width: 25%;">pascal</div> <div style="width: 25%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">Pa</div> <div style="clear: both; height: 0px;"> </div> </div> <div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #6E6E6E;"> <div style="width: 38%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">énergie, travail</div> <div style="float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center; width: 25%;">joule</div> <div style="width: 25%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">J</div> <div style="clear: both; height: 0px;"> </div> </div> <div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #6E6E6E;"> <div style="width: 38%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">puissance</div> <div style="float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center; width: 25%;">watt</div> <div style="width: 25%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">W</div> <div style="clear: both; height: 0px;"> </div> </div> <div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #6E6E6E;"> <div style="width: 38%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">charge électrique</div> <div style="float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center; width: 25%;">coulomb, colomb</div> <div style="width: 25%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">C</div> <div style="clear: both; height: 0px;"> </div> </div> <div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #6E6E6E;"> <div style="width: 38%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">différence de potentiel électrique</div> <div style="float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center; width: 25%;">vòlt</div> <div style="width: 25%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">V</div> <div style="clear: both; height: 0px;"> </div> </div> <div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #6E6E6E;"> <div style="width: 38%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">capacité électrique</div> <div style="float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center; width: 25%;">farad</div> <div style="width: 25%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">F</div> <div style="clear: both; height: 0px;"> </div> </div> <div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #6E6E6E;"> <div style="width: 38%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">résistance électrique</div> <div style="float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center; width: 25%;">ohm</div> <div style="width: 25%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">Ω</div> <div style="clear: both; height: 0px;"> </div> </div> <div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #6E6E6E;"> <div style="width: 38%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">conductance électrique</div> <div style="float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center; width: 25%;">siemens</div> <div style="width: 25%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">S</div> <div style="clear: both; height: 0px;"> </div> </div> <div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #6E6E6E;"> <div style="width: 38%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">flux d’induction magnétique</div> <div style="float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center; width: 25%;">weber</div> <div style="width: 25%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">Wb</div> <div style="clear: both; height: 0px;"> </div> </div> <div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #6E6E6E;"> <div style="width: 38%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">induction magnétique</div> <div style="float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center; width: 25%;">tesla</div> <div style="width: 25%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">T</div> <div style="clear: both; height: 0px;"> </div> </div> <div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #6E6E6E;"> <div style="width: 38%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">inductance</div> <div style="float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center; width: 25%;">henry</div> <div style="width: 25%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">H</div> <div style="clear: both; height: 0px;"> </div> </div> <div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #6E6E6E;"> <div style="width: 38%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">température Celsius</div> <div style="float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center; width: 25%;">gra Cèlsius</div> <div style="width: 25%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">°C</div> <div style="clear: both; height: 0px;"> </div> </div> <div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #6E6E6E;"> <div style="width: 38%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">flux lumineux</div> <div style="float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center; width: 25%;">lumèn</div> <div style="width: 25%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">lm</div> <div style="clear: both; height: 0px;"> </div> </div> <div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #6E6E6E;"> <div style="width: 38%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">éclairement lumineux</div> <div style="float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center; width: 25%;">lux</div> <div style="width: 25%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">lx</div> <div style="clear: both; height: 0px;"> </div> </div> <div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #6E6E6E;"> <div style="width: 38%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">activité d’un radionucléide</div> <div style="float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center; width: 25%;">becquerèl</div> <div style="width: 25%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">Bq</div> <div style="clear: both; height: 0px;"> </div> </div> <div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #6E6E6E;"> <div style="width: 38%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">dose absorbée</div> <div style="float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center; width: 25%;">gray</div> <div style="width: 25%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">Gy</div> <div style="clear: both; height: 0px;"> </div> </div> <div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #6E6E6E;"> <div style="width: 38%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">dose équivalente</div> <div style="float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center; width: 25%;">sievert</div> <div style="width: 25%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">Sv</div> <div style="clear: both; height: 0px;"> </div> </div> <div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #6E6E6E;"> <div style="width: 38%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">activité catalytique</div> <div style="float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center; width: 25%;">katal</div> <div style="width: 25%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">kat</div> <div style="clear: both; height: 0px;"> </div> </div> </div> <p> </p> <p>Remarque : ces noms sont masculins ; <em>hèrtz</em> a pour pluriel <em>hèrtzes</em> ou <em>hèrtz</em>.</p> <h3>Multiples et sous-multiples décimaux des unités</h3> <h4>Préfixes SI</h4> <p>Une série de noms de préfixes et de symboles de préfixes permettent de former les noms et les symboles des multiples et sous-multiples décimaux des unités SI de 10<sup>24</sup> à 10<sup>-24</sup>. Les symboles des préfixes s'écrivent en caractères romains (droits) et s'attachent sans espace aux symboles d'unités pour former un nouveau symbole d'unité ; par exemple : hm, km, µs, MJ, symboles de l’hectomètre (100 m), du kilomètre (1000 m), de la microseconde (0,000 001 s) et du mégajoule (1 000 000 J).</p> <p><strong>Noms et symboles des préfixes SI :</strong></p> <div style="border: 1px solid #6E6E6E; width: 100%;"> <div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #6E6E6E; background-color: #6e6e6e; color: white; font-weight: bold;"> <div style="width: 13%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">Facteur</div> <div style="float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center; width: 12%;">Nom (occitan)</div> <div style="width: 12%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">Symbole</div> <div style="width: 12%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">Facteur</div> <div style="width: 12%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">Nom (occitan)</div> <div style="width: 13%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">Symbole</div> <div style="clear: both; height: 0px;"> </div> </div> <div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #6E6E6E;"> <div style="width: 13%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">10<sup>1</sup></div> <div style="float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center; width: 12%;">deca</div> <div style="width: 12%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">da</div> <div style="width: 12%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">10<sup>-1</sup></div> <div style="width: 12%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">deci</div> <div style="width: 13%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">d</div> <div style="clear: both; height: 0px;"> </div> </div> <div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #6E6E6E;"> <div style="width: 13%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">10<sup>2</sup></div> <div style="float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center; width: 12%;">ecto</div> <div style="width: 12%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">h</div> <div style="width: 12%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">10<sup>-2</sup></div> <div style="width: 12%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">centi</div> <div style="width: 13%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">c</div> <div style="clear: both; height: 0px;"> </div> </div> <div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #6E6E6E;"> <div style="width: 13%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">10<sup>3</sup></div> <div style="float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center; width: 12%;">quilo</div> <div style="width: 12%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">k</div> <div style="width: 12%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">10<sup>-3</sup></div> <div style="width: 12%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">milli</div> <div style="width: 13%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">m</div> <div style="clear: both; height: 0px;"> </div> </div> <div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #6E6E6E;"> <div style="width: 13%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">10<sup>6</sup></div> <div style="float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center; width: 12%;">mega</div> <div style="width: 12%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">M</div> <div style="width: 12%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">10<sup>-6</sup></div> <div style="width: 12%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">micro</div> <div style="width: 13%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">μ</div> <div style="clear: both; height: 0px;"> </div> </div> <div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #6E6E6E;"> <div style="width: 13%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">10<sup>9</sup></div> <div style="float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center; width: 12%;">giga</div> <div style="width: 12%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">G</div> <div style="width: 12%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">10<sup>-9</sup></div> <div style="width: 12%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">nano</div> <div style="width: 13%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">n</div> <div style="clear: both; height: 0px;"> </div> </div> <div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #6E6E6E;"> <div style="width: 13%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">10<sup>12</sup></div> <div style="float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center; width: 12%;">tera</div> <div style="width: 12%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">T</div> <div style="width: 12%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">10<sup>-12</sup></div> <div style="width: 12%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">pico</div> <div style="width: 13%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">p</div> <div style="clear: both; height: 0px;"> </div> </div> <div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #6E6E6E;"> <div style="width: 13%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">10<sup>15</sup></div> <div style="float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center; width: 12%;">peta</div> <div style="width: 12%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">P</div> <div style="width: 12%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">10<sup>-15</sup></div> <div style="width: 12%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">femto</div> <div style="width: 13%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">f</div> <div style="clear: both; height: 0px;"> </div> </div> <div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #6E6E6E;"> <div style="width: 13%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">10<sup>18</sup></div> <div style="float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center; width: 12%;">exa</div> <div style="width: 12%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">E</div> <div style="width: 12%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">10<sup>-18</sup></div> <div style="width: 12%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">atto</div> <div style="width: 13%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">a</div> <div style="clear: both; height: 0px;"> </div> </div> <div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #6E6E6E;"> <div style="width: 13%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">10<sup>21</sup></div> <div style="float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center; width: 12%;">zetta</div> <div style="width: 12%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">Z</div> <div style="width: 12%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">10<sup>-21</sup></div> <div style="width: 12%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">zepto</div> <div style="width: 13%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">z</div> <div style="clear: both; height: 0px;"> </div> </div> <div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #6E6E6E;"> <div style="width: 13%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">10<sup>24</sup></div> <div style="float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center; width: 12%;">yotta</div> <div style="width: 12%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">Y</div> <div style="width: 12%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">10<sup>-24</sup></div> <div style="width: 12%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">yocto</div> <div style="width: 13%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">y</div> <div style="clear: both; height: 0px;"> </div> </div> </div> <p> </p> <h4>Le kilogramme</h4> <p>Pour des raisons historiques, le kilogramme est la seule unité de base SI dont le nom contient un préfixe. Les noms et les symboles des multiples et sous-multiples décimaux de l'unité SI de masse sont formés directement à partir du gramme : par exemple 10<sup>-2</sup> kg = 10 g = 1 dag (dix grammes ou un décagramme).</p> <h3>Unités extérieures au Système International, mais dont l'usage y est accepté</h3> <div style="border: 1px solid #6E6E6E; width: 100%;"> <div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #6E6E6E; background-color: #6e6e6e; color: white; font-weight: bold;"> <div style="width: 21%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">Grandeur</div> <div style="width: 21%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">Nom (en occitan)</div> <div style="float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center; width: 21%;">Symbole</div> <div style="width: 21%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">Étymologie</div> <div style="clear: both; height: 0px;"> </div> </div> <div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #6E6E6E;"> <div style="width: 21%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">temps</div> <div style="width: 21%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">minuta</div> <div style="float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center; width: 21%;">min</div> <div style="width: 21%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">< latin <em>minuta</em></div> <div style="clear: both; height: 0px;"> </div> </div> <div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #6E6E6E;"> <div style="width: 21%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;"> </div> <div style="width: 21%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">ora</div> <div style="float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center; width: 21%;">h</div> <div style="width: 21%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">< latin <em>hora</em></div> <div style="clear: both; height: 0px;"> </div> </div> <div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #6E6E6E;"> <div style="width: 21%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;"> </div> <div style="width: 21%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">jorn</div> <div style="float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center; width: 21%;">d</div> <div style="width: 21%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">< latin <em>dies</em></div> <div style="clear: both; height: 0px;"> </div> </div> <div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #6E6E6E;"> <div style="width: 21%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">angle plan</div> <div style="width: 21%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">gra</div> <div style="float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center; width: 21%;">°</div> <div style="width: 21%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">°</div> <div style="clear: both; height: 0px;"> </div> </div> <div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #6E6E6E;"> <div style="width: 21%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;"> </div> <div style="width: 21%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">minuta</div> <div style="float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center; width: 21%;">′</div> <div style="width: 21%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">′</div> <div style="clear: both; height: 0px;"> </div> </div> <div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #6E6E6E;"> <div style="width: 21%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;"> </div> <div style="width: 21%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">segonda</div> <div style="float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center; width: 21%;">′′</div> <div style="width: 21%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">′′</div> <div style="clear: both; height: 0px;"> </div> </div> <div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #6E6E6E;"> <div style="width: 21%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">superficie</div> <div style="width: 21%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">ectara</div> <div style="float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center; width: 21%;">ha</div> <div style="width: 21%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">< français <em>hectare</em></div> <div style="clear: both; height: 0px;"> </div> </div> <div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #6E6E6E;"> <div style="width: 21%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">volume</div> <div style="width: 21%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">litre</div> <div style="float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center; width: 21%;">l o L</div> <div style="width: 21%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">< français <em>litre</em></div> <div style="clear: both; height: 0px;"> </div> </div> <div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #6E6E6E;"> <div style="width: 21%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">masse</div> <div style="width: 21%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">tona</div> <div style="float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center; width: 21%;">t</div> <div style="width: 21%; float: left; padding: 1% 2%; text-align: center;">< français <em>tonne</em></div> <div style="clear: both; height: 0px;"> </div> </div> </div> <p> </p> <p>Par exemple, on écrit : 17 h 30 min, ou : 17 h 30.<br />Remarque : <em>ectara</em> est un nom féminin (una ectara, doas ectaras)</p> <p><a name="1"></a><em><strong><sup>1</sup></strong></em> Brochure de 2006 : <a href="https://mcyt.educa.madrid.org/laboratorios/Documentos/Otros/documentos/si_brochure_8_fr.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Voir la brochure</a></p> <p><a name="2"></a><em><strong><sup>2</sup></strong></em> Mais ils peuvent être suivis d'un point en fin de phrase pour des raisons de ponctuation.</p> <p><a name="3"></a><em><strong><sup>3</sup></strong></em> Exceptionnellement, on ne met pas d'espace devant les symboles des unités sexagésimales d'angle : 90°, 30′, 10″.</p> </div> </div></div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </main> </div> </div> </section> <section id="g-bottom" class="section-horizontal-paddings"> <div class="g-grid"> <div class="g-block size-100"> <div class="g-content"> <div class="platform-content"><div class="bottom-a moduletable"> <div 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