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window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":21682119,"created_at":"2016-02-08T02:24:14.334-08:00","from_world_paper_id":148151620,"updated_at":"2025-02-02T21:53:26.586-08:00","_data":{"ai_abstract":"This thesis investigates the challenges and solutions regarding procedural sedation and analgesia (PSA) in children, emphasizing the need for safe and effective practices in light of the inherent stress and pain associated with invasive medical procedures in pediatric care. It critiques existing approaches to PSA by non-anesthesiology professionals, revealing issues of safety and efficacy that have persisted for decades. The work advocates for a shift towards evidence-based guidelines and highlights the importance of continued research to inform clinical practices and enhance the wellbeing of sick children.","ai_title_tag":"Enhancing Pediatric Procedural Sedation Safety","publication_date":"2012,,"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Improving procedural sedation and/or analgesia in children: from practice over evidence to practice","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [36503634]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":42373538,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Improving procedural sedation and/or analgesia in children: from practice over evidence to practice”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/42373538/mini_magick20190217-7245-11c4pnl.png?1550460452" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Improving procedural sedation and/or analgesia in children: from practice over evidence to practice</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="36503634" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PietLeroy"><img alt="Profile image of Piet Leroy" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Piet Leroy</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2012</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">255 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 21682119; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=21682119"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { try { const viewCountNumber = parseInt(viewCount, 10); if (viewCountNumber === 0) { // Remove the whole views element if there are zero views. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); return; } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">AI-generated Abstract</p><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">This thesis investigates the challenges and solutions regarding procedural sedation and analgesia (PSA) in children, emphasizing the need for safe and effective practices in light of the inherent stress and pain associated with invasive medical procedures in pediatric care. It critiques existing approaches to PSA by non-anesthesiology professionals, revealing issues of safety and efficacy that have persisted for decades. The work advocates for a shift towards evidence-based guidelines and highlights the importance of continued research to inform clinical practices and enhance the wellbeing of sick children.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":42373538,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/21682119/Improving_procedural_sedation_and_or_analgesia_in_children_from_practice_over_evidence_to_practice"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":42373538,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/21682119/Improving_procedural_sedation_and_or_analgesia_in_children_from_practice_over_evidence_to_practice"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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ds-mobile-signup-banner-premium-marketing"><div class="mobile-premium-banner-container"><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-sm">Supercharge your research with Academia Premium</h4><div class="feature-list"><div class="feature"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">check</span><span>Download curated PDF packages</span></div><div class="feature"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact with Mentions</span></div><div class="feature"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">check</span><span>Access advanced search filters</span></div></div><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"premium-banner-mobile-upgrade"}">Try Premium for $1<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="42373538" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/21682119/Improving_procedural_sedation_and_or_analgesia_in_children_from_practice_over_evidence_to_practice" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="47406193" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47406193/Safe_Paediatric_Procedural_Sedation_and_Anagesia_by_Anaesthesiologists_for_elective_procedures_a_Clinical_Practice_Statement_from_the_European_Society_for_Pediatric_Anaesthesiology">Safe Paediatric Procedural Sedation and Anagesia by Anaesthesiologists for elective procedures: a Clinical Practice Statement from the European Society for Pediatric Anaesthesiology</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="47028631" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DusicaSimic2">Dusica Simic</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Pediatric Anesthesia</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Safe Paediatric Procedural Sedation and Anagesia by Anaesthesiologists for elective procedures: a Clinical Practice Statement from the European Society for Pediatric Anaesthesiology","attachmentId":66513875,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/47406193/Safe_Paediatric_Procedural_Sedation_and_Anagesia_by_Anaesthesiologists_for_elective_procedures_a_Clinical_Practice_Statement_from_the_European_Society_for_Pediatric_Anaesthesiology","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/47406193/Safe_Paediatric_Procedural_Sedation_and_Anagesia_by_Anaesthesiologists_for_elective_procedures_a_Clinical_Practice_Statement_from_the_European_Society_for_Pediatric_Anaesthesiology"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="21222134" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21222134/Procedural_sedation_and_analgesia_in_children">Procedural sedation and analgesia in children</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33124752" href="https://tums.academia.edu/MahdiNajafi">Mahdi Najafi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Lancet, 2006</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Procedural sedation and analgesia for children-the use of sedative, analgesic, or dissociative drugs to relieve anxiety and pain associated with diagnostic and therapeutic procedures-is now widely practised by a diverse group of specialists outside the operating theatre. We review the principles underlying safe and effective procedural sedation and analgesia and the spectrum of procedures for which it is currently done. We discuss the decision-making process used to determine appropriate drug selection, dosing, and sedation endpoint. We detail the pharmacopoeia for procedural sedation and analgesia, reviewing the pharmacology and adverse effects of these drugs. International differences in practice are described along with current areas of controversy and future directions.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Procedural sedation and analgesia in children","attachmentId":41769383,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/21222134/Procedural_sedation_and_analgesia_in_children","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/21222134/Procedural_sedation_and_analgesia_in_children"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="66987214" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/66987214/Sedation_and_analgesia_in_children_undergoing_invasive_procedures">Sedation and analgesia in children undergoing invasive procedures</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="162880920" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Andr%C3%A9sZapataCastillo">Andrés Zapata Castillo</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Archivos argentinos de pediatría</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Introduction. As a result of the increased number of both diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in pediatric outpatients, sedation and analgesia have gained relevance in this context. Objective. To characterize the type of sedation and analgesia used by pediatric sedation teams in procedures done outside the operating room, as well as its safety and outcome. Population and Methods. All procedures performed in 1 month to 5 year old patients under intravenous sedation with midazolam, ketamine, propofol or lidocaine were analyzed over a 14-month period. The Ramsay sedation scale and the CHEOPS pain scale were used to determine the response to the sedation and analgesia administered. Results. A total of 186 procedures were analyzed. The results of the evaluation of response to sedation and analgesia indicated that an adequate deep sedation was obtained in 98% of cases, and that an adequate analgesia was achieved in 92% of patients. Around 12% of the procedures were associated with adverse events, all related to the airways, and none was serious. The only statistically significant endpoint associated with adverse events were procedures which involved airway interventions, i.e., fibrobronchoscopy, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy or transesophageal echocardiogram, with an OR of 6.27 (95% CI: 1.28-30.63; p = 0.023). Conclusions. In this group of patients, intravenous outpatient sedation and analgesia administered by a specialized team were safe and effective.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Sedation and analgesia in children undergoing invasive procedures","attachmentId":77977498,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/66987214/Sedation_and_analgesia_in_children_undergoing_invasive_procedures","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/66987214/Sedation_and_analgesia_in_children_undergoing_invasive_procedures"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="76847060" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/76847060/Sedation_for_invasive_procedures_in_paediatrics">Sedation for invasive procedures in paediatrics</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="221156336" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MStephenMurphy">M Stephen Murphy</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Archives of Disease in Childhood, 1998</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">It is inappropriate to subject children to distressing procedures if this can be avoided. Moreover, many procedures may be diYcult or unsafe in the uncooperative child. The number of valuable but invasive techniques in use has increased steadily over the years, and to facilitate these, sedative agents are often given. Such use of sedation is generally supervised by non-anaesthetists. Despite the obvious benefits associated with this practice, there are unresolved concerns about its eYcacy and safety. The ideal sedative regimen would act predictably and rapidly and would induce a level and duration of sedation appropriate to the procedure being performed. In practice, few regimens are truly satisfactory in these terms. General anaesthesia may therefore be preferred, but for many procedures (for example, liver biopsy) this might seem inappropriate. Widespread use of general anaesthesia for these purposes would also have substantial resource implications for paediatric departments. The use of sedation in our hospital is probably comparable with that in many similar institutions. 1-3 Many children undergo cardiac catheterisation and other radiological procedures under sedation. Protocols vary, but often include high dose chloral hydrate, or a combination of temazepam and droperidol, and in many cases it is necessary to induce quite deep levels of sedation. As an indication of the volume and importance of this activity, magnetic resonance imaging alone accounts for more than 1100 procedures in our radiology department each year. We also perform about 800 gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures annually in infants and children, and for most of these we employ intravenous sedation using a combination of midazolam and pethidine. Gastrointestinal endoscopy became part of paediatric practice about 20 years ago, and from the beginning this invasive technology posed great challenges with regard to sedation. In this article I shall discuss the diYculties and controversies surrounding endoscopic sedation in order to provide a focus on the issues of eYcacy and safety with paediatric sedation in general.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Sedation for invasive procedures in paediatrics","attachmentId":84418483,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/76847060/Sedation_for_invasive_procedures_in_paediatrics","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/76847060/Sedation_for_invasive_procedures_in_paediatrics"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="118379972" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/118379972/Elective_Procedures_and_Anesthesia_in_Children">Elective Procedures and Anesthesia in Children</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="68364314" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JeffreyAscherman">Jeffrey Ascherman</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology, 2012</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The Pediatric Anesthesia NeuroDevelopment Assessment research group at Columbia University Medical Center Department of Anesthesiology has conducted biannual national Symposia since 2008 to evaluate study data and invigorate continued thinking about unresolved issues of pediatric anesthesia neurotoxicities. The third Symposium extended the dialogue between pediatric anesthesiologists and surgeons in panel presentations and discussions by four surgical specialists. This paper reports the prevailing opinions expressed by a pediatric general surgeon, urologist, plastic surgeon and ophthalmologist and explores factors related to delayed operative intervention, need for multiple procedures, and parental concerns. elective procedures; pediatric surgeons; anesthesia; children; neurotoxicity Concerns for the possible neurotoxic and long-term neurodevelopmental effects of drugs commonly used for sedation and anesthesia in children prompted the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2007 to challenge the anesthesiology community to provide input into their assessment of safety risks for these drugs. 1 Pre-clinical data accumulating since 2000 had demonstrated central nervous system changes in juvenile animal models after exposure to drugs commonly used in anesthesia and/or sedation for pediatric procedures.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Elective Procedures and Anesthesia in Children","attachmentId":114020554,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/118379972/Elective_Procedures_and_Anesthesia_in_Children","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/118379972/Elective_Procedures_and_Anesthesia_in_Children"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="106465938" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/106465938/The_Impact_of_a_Dedicated_Sedation_Team_on_the_Incidence_of_Complications_in_Paediatric_Procedural_Analgosedation">The Impact of a Dedicated Sedation Team on the Incidence of Complications in Paediatric Procedural Analgosedation</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="121023130" href="https://independent.academia.edu/apostolidouS">Sofia apostolidou</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Demands in procedural sedation and analgesia in children are growing as the number of diagnostic and minor therapeutic procedures performed on paediatric patients outside the operating room setting has increased. We established a specialized interdisciplinary team of paediatric anaesthesiologists and paediatric intensivists (Children’s Analgosedation Team, CAST) for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and aimed to analyse the incidence and risk factors of adverse events. A retrospective analysis of data collected in the first year after implementation of the interdisciplinary CAST at our tertiary care university hospital was conducted. Within one year, 784 procedural sedations were performed by the CAST. 7.4% of the patients were infants &lt; 1 year of age. 53% of the patients were classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) status III or IV. Most children received propofol (79%) and for painful procedures, additional esketamine (48%). Adverse events occurred in 51 p...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Impact of a Dedicated Sedation Team on the Incidence of Complications in Paediatric Procedural Analgosedation","attachmentId":105656177,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/106465938/The_Impact_of_a_Dedicated_Sedation_Team_on_the_Incidence_of_Complications_in_Paediatric_Procedural_Analgosedation","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/106465938/The_Impact_of_a_Dedicated_Sedation_Team_on_the_Incidence_of_Complications_in_Paediatric_Procedural_Analgosedation"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="127575134" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/127575134/Innovative_change_not_as_yet_fully_integrated_in_pediatric_anesthesia">Innovative change not as yet fully integrated in pediatric anesthesia</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="182015521" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LeoraKuttner">Leora Kuttner</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Paediatric anaesthesia, 2024</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Abstract Pediatric hypnosis is an extremely valuable adjuvant therapeutic tool to reduce pain and ameliorate anxiety in children undergoing procedures and pediatric anesthesia. This perspective summarises; why Integrating hypnosis into practice has this potential, some techniques that are particularly useful in this setting, the training oppurtunities to learn more, and recommendations for future pediatric anesthesia hypnotic research. There is definite capacity for change by Integrating hypnosis into our practice. Not only will this ensure more capable, confident children who present for peri-operative care but also reduce costs and the environmental impact of the pharmaceutical agents we currently employ for sedation and anxiolysis. KEYWORDS age; adolescent, age; child, pain; miscellaneous</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Innovative change not as yet fully integrated in pediatric anesthesia","attachmentId":121306966,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/127575134/Innovative_change_not_as_yet_fully_integrated_in_pediatric_anesthesia","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/127575134/Innovative_change_not_as_yet_fully_integrated_in_pediatric_anesthesia"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="59427377" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/59427377/Holding_children_for_procedures_An_international_survey_of_health_professionals">Holding children for procedures: An international survey of health professionals</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="123753324" href="https://puthisastra.academia.edu/TinekeWater">Tineke Water</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of child health care : for professionals working with children in the hospital and community, 2018</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Children undergoing clinical procedures can experience pain and/or anxiety. This may result in them being unwilling to cooperate and being held still by parents or health professionals. This study aimed to capture an international perspective of health professionals&#39; reported practices of holding children still for clinical procedures. An online questionnaire was distributed through network sampling to health professionals working with children aged under 16 years of age. A total of 872 responses were obtained from Australia ( n = 477), New Zealand ( n = 237) and the United Kingdom ( n = 158). Responses were from nurses ( n = 651), doctors ( n = 159) and other professionals ( n = 53). Health professionals reported children as held still for clinical procedures quite often (48%) or very often (33%). Levels of holding varied significantly according to country of practice, profession, student status, length of time working within a clinical setting, training received and the availa...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Holding children for procedures: An international survey of health professionals","attachmentId":73355815,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/59427377/Holding_children_for_procedures_An_international_survey_of_health_professionals","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/59427377/Holding_children_for_procedures_An_international_survey_of_health_professionals"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="28327115" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28327115/Sedation_in_pediatric_practice">Sedation in pediatric practice</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="53012447" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PratibhaSinghi">Pratibha Singhi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Indian pediatrics, 1994</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Sedation is a frequently overlooked but an important aspect of care of pediatric patients. It serves an important role in reducing distress or anxiety in sick children and is also a prerequisite to facilitate diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. The degree of anxiety and co-operation for these depend on the child's apprehension of pain, from his understanding of, and previous experiences with the procedure and the child's cognitive maturational status. The goal of sedation and analgesia is to minimize suffering and achieve a calm and co-operative</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Sedation in pediatric practice","attachmentId":48660025,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/28327115/Sedation_in_pediatric_practice","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/28327115/Sedation_in_pediatric_practice"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="26487661" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26487661/Safe_and_Efficacious_Use_of_Procedural_Sedation_and_Analgesia_by_Nonanesthesiologists_in_a_Pediatric_Emergency_Department">Safe and Efficacious Use of Procedural Sedation and Analgesia by Nonanesthesiologists in a Pediatric Emergency Department</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="50448784" href="https://upmchealthsecurity.academia.edu/RaymondPitetti">Raymond Pitetti</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 2003</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Safe and Efficacious Use of Procedural Sedation and Analgesia by Nonanesthesiologists in a Pediatric Emergency Department","attachmentId":46783716,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/26487661/Safe_and_Efficacious_Use_of_Procedural_Sedation_and_Analgesia_by_Nonanesthesiologists_in_a_Pediatric_Emergency_Department","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/26487661/Safe_and_Efficacious_Use_of_Procedural_Sedation_and_Analgesia_by_Nonanesthesiologists_in_a_Pediatric_Emergency_Department"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":42373538,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":42373538,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_42373538" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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href="https://www.academia.edu/126263429/Managing_Complications_in_Paediatric_Anaesthesia">Managing Complications in Paediatric Anaesthesia</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="328836285" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LindsayKeeley1">Lindsay Keeley</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Perioperative Practice, 2019</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Managing Complications in Paediatric Anaesthesia","attachmentId":120167167,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/126263429/Managing_Complications_in_Paediatric_Anaesthesia","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span 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href="https://www.academia.edu/97780003/General_anesthesia_conscious_sedation_or_nothing_Decision_making_by_children_during_painful_procedures"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="75101246" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/75101246/Psychological_aspects_of_pediatric_anesthesia">Psychological aspects of pediatric anesthesia</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="35443042" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BiljanaDraskovic">Biljana Draskovic</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Medicinski pregled, 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