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id="toc-Umayyad_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-High_and_Late_Middle_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#High_and_Late_Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>High and Late Middle Ages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-High_and_Late_Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Modern history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Location" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Location"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Location</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Location-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Landmarks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landmarks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Landmarks</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Landmarks-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Landmarks subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Landmarks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Roman" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roman"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Roman</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roman-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islamic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islamic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Islamic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islamic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Great_Mosque_of_Córdoba" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Great_Mosque_of_Córdoba"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>Great Mosque of Córdoba</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Great_Mosque_of_Córdoba-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Minaret_of_San_Juan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minaret_of_San_Juan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2</span> <span>Minaret of San Juan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minaret_of_San_Juan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mills_of_the_Guadalquivir" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mills_of_the_Guadalquivir"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.3</span> <span>Mills of the Guadalquivir</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mills_of_the_Guadalquivir-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Calahorra_Tower" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Calahorra_Tower"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.4</span> <span>Calahorra Tower</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Calahorra_Tower-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Caliphal_Baths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caliphal_Baths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.5</span> <span>Caliphal Baths</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Caliphal_Baths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medina_Azahara" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medina_Azahara"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.6</span> <span>Medina Azahara</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medina_Azahara-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jewish_Quarter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jewish_Quarter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Jewish Quarter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jewish_Quarter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Christian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Christian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fernandine_churches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fernandine_churches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.1</span> <span>Fernandine churches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fernandine_churches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_religious_structures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_religious_structures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.2</span> <span>Other religious structures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_religious_structures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sculptures_and_memorials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sculptures_and_memorials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.3</span> <span>Sculptures and memorials</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sculptures_and_memorials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bridges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bridges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.4</span> <span>Bridges</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bridges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gardens,_parks_and_natural_environments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gardens,_parks_and_natural_environments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Gardens, parks and natural environments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gardens,_parks_and_natural_environments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Museums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Festivals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics_and_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics_and_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Politics and government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics_and_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Rail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Airports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Airports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Road" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Road</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Intercity_buses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intercity_buses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3.1</span> <span>Intercity buses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intercity_buses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Córdoba, Spain</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 117 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-117" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">117 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba_(Spanien)" title="Córdoba (Spanien) – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Córdoba (Spanien)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%AE%E1%88%AD%E1%8B%B6%E1%89%A3" title="ኮርዶባ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኮርዶባ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A8%D8%A9" title="قرطبة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قرطبة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordoba" title="Cordoba – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Cordoba" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba_(Espa%C3%B1a)" title="Córdoba (España) – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Córdoba (España)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Ispa%C3%B1a" title="Córdoba, Ispaña – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Córdoba, Ispaña" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kordova_(%C4%B0spaniya)" title="Kordova (İspaniya) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kordova (İspaniya)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7_(%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7)" title="کوردوبا (ایسپانیا) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کوردوبا (ایسپانیا)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE" title="কর্ডোভা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কর্ডোভা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba_(Andaluc%C3%ADa)" title="Córdoba (Andalucía) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Córdoba (Andalucía)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0_(%D0%86%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Кордава (Іспанія) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кордава (Іспанія)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0_(%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4)" title="Кордава (горад) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кордава (горад)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Кордоба – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кордоба" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Córdoba – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Córdoba" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba_(Spagn)" title="Córdoba (Spagn) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Córdoba (Spagn)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B2rdova" title="Còrdova – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Còrdova" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_(%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0)" title="Кордова (хула) – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кордова (хула)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordoba_(munisipyo_sa_Espanya)" title="Cordoba (munisipyo sa Espanya) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Cordoba (munisipyo sa Espanya)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba_(%C5%A0pan%C4%9Blsko)" title="Córdoba (Španělsko) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Córdoba (Španělsko)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Córdoba – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Córdoba" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordoba" title="Cordoba – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Cordoba" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Córdoba – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Córdoba" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba_(Spanien)" title="Córdoba (Spanien) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Córdoba (Spanien)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Córdoba – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Córdoba" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B4%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%B1" title="Κόρδοβα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κόρδοβα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Кордова – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Кордова" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba_(Espa%C3%B1a)" title="Córdoba (España) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Córdoba (España)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kordovo_(Hispanio)" title="Kordovo (Hispanio) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kordovo (Hispanio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3rduba" title="Córduba – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Córduba" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kordoba" title="Kordoba – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kordoba" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7_(%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7)" title="کوردوبا (اسپانیا) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کوردوبا (اسپانیا)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordoue" title="Cordoue – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cordoue" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kordoba_(Spanje)" title="Kordoba (Spanje) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kordoba (Spanje)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba_(An_Sp%C3%A1inn)" title="Córdoba (An Spáinn) – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Córdoba (An Spáinn)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_An_Sp%C3%A0inn" title="Córdoba, An Spàinn – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Córdoba, An Spàinn" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Córdoba, España – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Córdoba, España" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%94%EB%A5%B4%EB%8F%84%EB%B0%94_(%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EC%9D%B8)" title="코르도바 (스페인) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="코르도바 (스페인)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%A1_(%D4%BB%D5%BD%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A1)" title="Կորդովա (Իսպանիա) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կորդովա (Իսպանիա)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE,_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="कोर्डोबा, स्पेन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कोर्डोबा, स्पेन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba_(%C5%A0panjolska)" title="Córdoba (Španjolska) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Córdoba (Španjolska)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Córdoba – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Córdoba" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kordoba,_Spanyol" title="Kordoba, Spanyol – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kordoba, Spanyol" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordova_(Espania)" title="Cordova (Espania) – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Cordova (Espania)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Andalusia" title="Córdoba, Andalusia – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Córdoba, Andalusia" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%C3%A6_(%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80,_%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8)" title="Кордовæ (сахар, Испани) – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Кордовæ (сахар, Испани)" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Córdoba – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Córdoba" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordova" title="Cordova – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cordova" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%95%D7%91%D7%94_(%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%93)" title="קורדובה (ספרד) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קורדובה (ספרד)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spanyol" title="Córdoba, Spanyol – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Córdoba, Spanyol" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90_(%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98)" title="კორდობა (ესპანეთი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კორდობა (ესპანეთი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Кордоба – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кордоба" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Hispania" title="Córdoba, Hispania – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Córdoba, Hispania" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B2dou_(K%C3%B2dou)" title="Kòdou (Kòdou) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kòdou (Kòdou)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kordoba" title="Kordoba – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kordoba" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_(%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Кордова (Испания) – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кордова (Испания)" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Córdoba – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Córdoba" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kordova" title="Kordova – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Kordova" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corduba" title="Corduba – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Corduba" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kordova_(Sp%C4%81nija)" title="Kordova (Spānija) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kordova (Spānija)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Córdoba – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Córdoba" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kordoba_(Ispanija)" title="Kordoba (Ispanija) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kordoba (Ispanija)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Córdoba – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Córdoba" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordova" title="Cordova – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Cordova" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba_(Spanyolorsz%C3%A1g)" title="Córdoba (Spanyolország) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Córdoba (Spanyolország)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Кордоба – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кордоба" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spanja" title="Córdoba, Spanja – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Córdoba, Spanja" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE" title="कोर्दोबा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कोर्दोबा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="كوردوبا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كوردوبا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Sepanyol" title="Córdoba, Sepanyol – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Córdoba, Sepanyol" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba_(Spanje)" title="Córdoba (Spanje) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Córdoba (Spanje)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%AB%E3%83%89%E3%83%90_(%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9A%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3)" title="コルドバ (スペイン) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コルドバ (スペイン)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_(%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0,_%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8)" title="Кордова (гӀала, Испани) – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Кордова (гӀала, Испани)" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Córdoba – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Córdoba" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba_(Spania)" title="Córdoba (Spania) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Córdoba (Spania)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba_i_Spania" title="Córdoba i Spania – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Córdoba i Spania" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B2rdoa" title="Còrdoa – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Còrdoa" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kordova_(shahar)" title="Kordova (shahar) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kordova (shahar)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordoba" title="Cordoba – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Cordoba" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba_(Spanien)" title="Córdoba (Spanien) – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Córdoba (Spanien)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kordoba" title="Kordoba – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kordoba" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3rdova_(Espanha)" title="Córdova (Espanha) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Córdova (Espanha)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba_(Spania)" title="Córdoba (Spania) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Córdoba (Spania)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spaniya" title="Córdoba, Spaniya – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Córdoba, Spaniya" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba_(Ispa%C3%B1a)" title="Córdoba (Ispaña) – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Córdoba (Ispaña)" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Кордова – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кордова" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE" title="कोर्दोबा – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="कोर्दोबा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba_(Ispagna)" title="Córdoba (Ispagna) – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Córdoba (Ispagna)" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Andalusie" title="Córdoba, Andalusie – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Córdoba, Andalusie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kordova" title="Kordova – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kordova" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B2rdova" title="Còrdova – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Còrdova" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Andalusia" title="Córdoba, Andalusia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Córdoba, Andalusia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba_(mesto_v_%C5%A0panielsku)" title="Córdoba (mesto v Španielsku) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Córdoba (mesto v Španielsku)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kordova" title="Kordova – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kordova" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Córdoba – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Córdoba" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%86%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%86%D8%A8%D8%A7_(%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7)" title="کۆردۆبا (ئیسپانیا) – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کۆردۆبا (ئیسپانیا)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Кордоба – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кордоба" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_%C5%A0panija" title="Córdoba, Španija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Córdoba, Španija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba_(Espanja)" title="Córdoba (Espanja) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Córdoba (Espanja)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spanien" title="Córdoba, Spanien – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Córdoba, Spanien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE" title="குர்துபா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குர்துபா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B1%D3%99" title="Куртубә – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Куртубә" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba_(Espa%C3%B1a)" title="Córdoba (España) – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Córdoba (España)" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2_(%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%99)" title="กอร์โดบา (ประเทศสเปน) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กอร์โดบา (ประเทศสเปน)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Қуртуба – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Қуртуба" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_%C4%B0spanya" title="Córdoba, İspanya – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Córdoba, İspanya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C9%94doba_(Spain)" title="Kɔdoba (Spain) – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Kɔdoba (Spain)" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_(%D0%86%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Кордова (Іспанія) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кордова (Іспанія)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A8%DB%81" title="قرطبہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قرطبہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kordowa" title="Kordowa – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="Kordowa" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordoba" title="Cordoba – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Cordoba" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_T%C3%A2y_Ban_Nha" title="Córdoba, Tây Ban Nha – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Córdoba, Tây Ban Nha" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba_(zif,_Spany%C3%A4n)" title="Córdoba (zif, Spanyän) – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Córdoba (zif, Spanyän)" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Espanya" title="Córdoba, Espanya – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Córdoba, Espanya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%94%E5%A4%9A%E7%93%A6" 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.geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain&params=37_53_24_N_4_46_48_W_scale:100000_type:city(325708)_region:ES-AN"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°53′24″N</span> <span class="longitude">4°46′48″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.89000°N 4.78000°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.89000; -4.78000</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Andalusia, Spain</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Municipality in Andalusia, Spain</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Córdoba</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name">Cordova</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Spain" title="Municipalities of Spain">Municipality</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:272px;max-width:272px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="height:247px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:C%C3%B3rdoba_aerial_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/C%C3%B3rdoba_aerial_2.jpg/268px-C%C3%B3rdoba_aerial_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/C%C3%B3rdoba_aerial_2.jpg/402px-C%C3%B3rdoba_aerial_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/C%C3%B3rdoba_aerial_2.jpg/536px-C%C3%B3rdoba_aerial_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3159" data-file-height="2918" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">View centred on the city's historic center in relation to the <a href="/wiki/Guadalquivir" title="Guadalquivir">Guadalquivir</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Morena" title="Sierra Morena">Sierra Morena</a> in the background (November 2020)</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:181px;max-width:181px"><div style="height:113px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CORDOBA(Mezquita)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/CORDOBA%28Mezquita%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/179px-CORDOBA%28Mezquita%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="179" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/CORDOBA%28Mezquita%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/269px-CORDOBA%28Mezquita%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/CORDOBA%28Mezquita%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/358px-CORDOBA%28Mezquita%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2965" data-file-height="1885" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Mosque%E2%80%93Cathedral_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Mosque–Cathedral of Córdoba">Mosque–Cathedral</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:87px;max-width:87px"><div style="height:113px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cordoba-28_(48026695918).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Cordoba-28_%2848026695918%29.jpg/85px-Cordoba-28_%2848026695918%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Cordoba-28_%2848026695918%29.jpg/128px-Cordoba-28_%2848026695918%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Cordoba-28_%2848026695918%29.jpg/170px-Cordoba-28_%2848026695918%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3364" data-file-height="4485" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Calleja_de_las_Flores" title="Calleja de las Flores">Calleja de las Flores</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Córdoba"><img alt="Flag of Córdoba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_C%C3%B3rdoba%2C_Spain.svg/120px-Flag_of_C%C3%B3rdoba%2C_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_C%C3%B3rdoba%2C_Spain.svg/180px-Flag_of_C%C3%B3rdoba%2C_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_C%C3%B3rdoba%2C_Spain.svg/240px-Flag_of_C%C3%B3rdoba%2C_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_oficial_de_C%C3%B3rdoba_(Espa%C3%B1a).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Córdoba"><img alt="Official seal of Córdoba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Escudo_oficial_de_C%C3%B3rdoba_%28Espa%C3%B1a%29.svg/100px-Escudo_oficial_de_C%C3%B3rdoba_%28Espa%C3%B1a%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Escudo_oficial_de_C%C3%B3rdoba_%28Espa%C3%B1a%29.svg/150px-Escudo_oficial_de_C%C3%B3rdoba_%28Espa%C3%B1a%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Escudo_oficial_de_C%C3%B3rdoba_%28Espa%C3%B1a%29.svg/200px-Escudo_oficial_de_C%C3%B3rdoba_%28Espa%C3%B1a%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1033" data-file-height="970" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Seal</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nicknames: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><i>La Ciudad Califal</i>, <i>Córdoba la Llana</i></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Spain_location_map_with_provinces.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Córdoba is located in Spain"><img alt="Córdoba is located in Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Spain_location_map_with_provinces.svg/250px-Spain_location_map_with_provinces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Spain_location_map_with_provinces.svg/375px-Spain_location_map_with_provinces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Spain_location_map_with_provinces.svg/500px-Spain_location_map_with_provinces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1579" data-file-height="1355" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:67.113%;left:34.83%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Córdoba"><img alt="Córdoba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Córdoba</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in Spain.</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Spain</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Spain_Andalusia_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Córdoba is located in Andalusia"><img alt="Córdoba is located in Andalusia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Spain_Andalusia_location_map.svg/250px-Spain_Andalusia_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Spain_Andalusia_location_map.svg/375px-Spain_Andalusia_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Spain_Andalusia_location_map.svg/500px-Spain_Andalusia_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="345" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:31.056%;left:46.981%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Córdoba"><img alt="Córdoba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Córdoba</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Córdoba (Andalusia)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Andalusia</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain&params=37_53_24_N_4_46_48_W_scale:100000_type:city(325708)_region:ES-AN"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°53′24″N</span> <span class="longitude">4°46′48″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.89000°N 4.78000°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.89000; -4.78000</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">Spain</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">Autonomous community</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Andalusia" title="Andalusia">Andalusia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Spain" title="Provinces of Spain">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_C%C3%B3rdoba_(Spain)" title="Province of Córdoba (Spain)">Córdoba</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ayuntamiento_(Spain)" title="Ayuntamiento (Spain)">Ayuntamiento</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent">Ayuntamiento de Córdoba</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Alcalde" title="Alcalde">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Bellido" title="José María Bellido">José María Bellido</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(Spain)" title="People's Party (Spain)">PP</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-Anuario96_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anuario96-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,253 km<sup>2</sup> (484 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-Anuario96_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anuario96-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">106 m (348 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2018)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">325,708</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">260/km<sup>2</sup> (670/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonyms</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Cordoban,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Spanish: <i>cordobés/sa</i>, <i>cordobense</i>, <i>cortubí</i>, <i>patriciense</i>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro</th><td class="infobox-data">€13.070 billion (2020)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B1" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+1">UTC+1</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_postal_codes_in_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="List of postal codes in Spain">Postal code</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">14001–14014</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cordoba.es">www<wbr />.cordoba<wbr />.es</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151960987">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><div style="border:4px solid #0177D3; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Historic_Centre_of_Cordoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Historic Centre of Cordoba">Historic Centre of Cordoba</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site#Selection_criteria" title="World Heritage Site">Criteria</a></th><td class="infobox-data category">Cultural: i, ii, iii, iv</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Reference</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/313">313</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Inscription</th><td class="infobox-data">1984 (8th <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Committee" title="World Heritage Committee">Session</a>)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Córdoba</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɔːr/: 'ar' in 'war'">ɔːr</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">KOR</span>-də-bə</i></a>; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Spanish:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[ˈkoɾðoβa]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/3\/33\/Pronunciation_of_C%C3%B3rdoba_in_Spanish.ogg\/Pronunciation_of_C%C3%B3rdoba_in_Spanish.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Pronunciation of C\u00f3rdoba in Spanish.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/33/Pronunciation_of_C%C3%B3rdoba_in_Spanish.ogg/Pronunciation_of_C%C3%B3rdoba_in_Spanish.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Pronunciation_of_C%C3%B3rdoba_in_Spanish.ogg" title="File:Pronunciation of Córdoba in Spanish.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>), or sometimes <b>Cordova</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɔːr/: 'ar' in 'war'">ɔːr</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">KOR</span>-də-və</i></a>),<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a city in <a href="/wiki/Andalusia" title="Andalusia">Andalusia</a>, Spain, and the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_C%C3%B3rdoba_(Spain)" title="Province of Córdoba (Spain)">province of Córdoba</a>. It is the third most populated <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_in_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities in Spain">municipality</a> in Andalusia. </p><p>The city primarily lies on the right bank of the <a href="/wiki/Guadalquivir" title="Guadalquivir">Guadalquivir</a> in the south of the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a>. Once a <a href="/wiki/Colonia_(Roman)" title="Colonia (Roman)">Roman colonia</a>, it was taken over by the <a href="/wiki/Visigothic_Kingdom" title="Visigothic Kingdom">Visigothic Kingdom</a> followed by the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_conquest_of_Hispania" class="mw-redirect" title="Umayyad conquest of Hispania">Muslim conquest in the eighth century</a>. Córdoba became the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_state_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Umayyad state of Córdoba">Emirate and then Caliphate of Córdoba</a>, from which the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_dynasty" title="Umayyad dynasty">Umayyad dynasty</a> ruled all of <a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">al-Andalus</a> until 1031. Under Umayyad rule, Córdoba was transformed into a centre of education and learning,<sup id="cite_ref-Barton2009_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barton2009-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Venable1894_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Venable1894-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and by the 10th century it had grown to be the second-largest city in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Population_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Population-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The caliphate experienced a manifold political crisis in the early 11th century that brought about <a href="/wiki/State_collapse" title="State collapse">state collapse</a>. Following the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_C%C3%B3rdoba_(1236)" title="Siege of Córdoba (1236)">Christian conquest in 1236</a>, Córdoba became part of the <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Castile" title="Crown of Castile">Crown of Castile</a> as the head of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Kingdom of Córdoba">Kingdom of Córdoba</a>. </p><p>Córdoba is home to notable examples of <a href="/wiki/Moorish_architecture" title="Moorish architecture">Moorish architecture</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Mosque%E2%80%93Cathedral_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Mosque–Cathedral of Córdoba">Mezquita-Catedral</a>, which was named as a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a> in 1984 and is now a cathedral. The site has since been expanded to encompass the whole <a href="/wiki/Historic_centre_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Historic centre of Córdoba">historic centre of Córdoba</a>. <a href="/wiki/Madinat_al-Zahra" title="Madinat al-Zahra">Madinat al-Zahra</a> near the city is also a World Heritage Site while the <a href="/wiki/Courtyards_Festival_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Courtyards Festival of Córdoba">Festival de los Patios</a> has been recognized as <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_Lists" title="UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists">UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage</a>. </p><p>Córdoba has the <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Climate">highest summer temperatures in Spain</a> and Europe, with average high temperatures around 37 °C (99 °F) in July and August.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Summers are very dry whereas the mild winters have frequent rainfall. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name <i>Córdoba</i> has attracted fanciful explanations. One theory, suggested in 1799 by <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_Conde" title="José Antonio Conde">José Antonio Conde</a>, is that the name comes from <a href="/wiki/Punic_language" title="Punic language">Punic</a> <i>qart ṭūbah</i> "good town" as Córdoba was founded during <a href="/wiki/Carthaginian_Iberia" title="Carthaginian Iberia">Carthaginian Iberia</a>. After the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> conquest, the town's name was Latinised as <i>Corduba</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the era of Muslim rule the city was known in <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> as <span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">Qurṭubah</i></span> (Arabic: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">قرطبة</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain" title="Timeline of Córdoba, Spain">Timeline of Córdoba, Spain</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prehistory,_antiquity_and_Roman_foundation_of_the_city"><span id="Prehistory.2C_antiquity_and_Roman_foundation_of_the_city"></span>Prehistory, antiquity and Roman foundation of the city</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Prehistory, antiquity and Roman foundation of the city"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reconstrucci%C3%B3n_templo_romano_de_C%C3%B3rdoba.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Reconstrucci%C3%B3n_templo_romano_de_C%C3%B3rdoba.jpg/220px-Reconstrucci%C3%B3n_templo_romano_de_C%C3%B3rdoba.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Reconstrucci%C3%B3n_templo_romano_de_C%C3%B3rdoba.jpg/330px-Reconstrucci%C3%B3n_templo_romano_de_C%C3%B3rdoba.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Reconstrucci%C3%B3n_templo_romano_de_C%C3%B3rdoba.jpg/440px-Reconstrucci%C3%B3n_templo_romano_de_C%C3%B3rdoba.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1598" data-file-height="1440" /></a><figcaption>Reconstruction of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_temple_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Roman temple of Córdoba">Roman temple of Córdoba</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The first traces of human presence in the area are remains of a <a href="/wiki/Neanderthal" title="Neanderthal">Neanderthal</a> dating to <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 42,000</span> to 35,000 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tartessos" title="Tartessos">Pre-urban settlements</a> around the mouth of the Guadalquivir are known to have existed from the 8th century BC. The population gradually learned copper and silver metallurgy.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The first historical mention of a settlement dates to the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Carthage" title="Ancient Carthage">Carthaginian</a> expansion across the Guadalquivir.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Córdoba was conquered by the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Romans</a> in 206 BC.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 169 BC, <a href="/wiki/Roman_consul" title="Roman consul">Roman consul</a> Marcus Claudius Marcellus, the grandson of <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Claudius_Marcellus" title="Marcus Claudius Marcellus">Marcus Claudius Marcellus</a>, who had governed both <a href="/wiki/Hispania_Ulterior" title="Hispania Ulterior">Hispania Ulterior</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hispania_Citerior" title="Hispania Citerior">Hispania Citerior</a>, respectively, founded a newer settlement alongside the pre-existing one.<sup id="cite_ref-HornblowerSpawforth2012_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HornblowerSpawforth2012-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The date is contested; it could have been founded in 152 BC. Between 143 and 141 BC the town was besieged by <a href="/wiki/Viriatus" class="mw-redirect" title="Viriatus">Viriatus</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Forum_(Roman)" title="Forum (Roman)">forum</a> is known to have existed in the city in 113 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The famous <a href="/wiki/Cordoba_Treasure" title="Cordoba Treasure">Cordoba Treasure</a>, with mixed local and Roman artistic traditions, was buried in the city at this time; it is now in the <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Corduba became a colonia with the name <i>Colonia Patricia</i><sup id="cite_ref-Pollini2012_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pollini2012-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> between 46 and 45 BC. It was sacked by <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a> in 45 because of its fealty to <a href="/wiki/Pompey" title="Pompey">Pompey</a> and resettled with veteran soldiers by <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a>. It became the capital of <a href="/wiki/Baetica" class="mw-redirect" title="Baetica">Baetica</a>, with a forum and numerous temples, and was the main center of Roman intellectual life in <i>Hispania Ulterior</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Isaksen2008_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Isaksen2008-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HornblowerSpawforth2012_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HornblowerSpawforth2012-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Roman philosopher <a href="/wiki/Seneca_the_Younger" title="Seneca the Younger">Seneca the Younger</a>, his father, the orator <a href="/wiki/Seneca_the_Elder" title="Seneca the Elder">Seneca the Elder</a>, and his nephew, the poet <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Annaeus_Lucanus" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcus Annaeus Lucanus">Lucan</a> came from Roman Córdoba.<sup id="cite_ref-HornblowerSpawforth201291_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HornblowerSpawforth201291-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the late Roman period, <a href="/wiki/Hosius_of_Corduba" title="Hosius of Corduba">Hosius of Corduba</a> or "Bishop Ossius" was the dominant figure of the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a> throughout the earlier 4th century.<sup id="cite_ref-HornblowerSpawforth2012_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HornblowerSpawforth2012-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, Corduba occupied an important place in the <i><a href="/wiki/Spania" title="Spania">Provincia Hispaniae</a></i> of the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> (552–572); the Visigoths conquered it in the late 6th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Roth1994_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roth1994-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Doak2009_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Doak2009-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Umayyad_rule">Umayyad rule</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Umayyad rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Emirate of Córdoba">Emirate of Córdoba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Caliphate_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliphate of Córdoba">Caliphate of Córdoba</a></div> <p>Córdoba was captured by the Muslims in 711 or 712.<sup id="cite_ref-Collins1995_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Collins1995-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike other Iberian towns, no capitulation was signed and the position was taken by storm. Córdoba was in turn governed by direct Arab rule. The new Umayyad commanders established themselves within the city and in 716 it became the provincial capital,<sup id="cite_ref-Collins1995_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Collins1995-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> subordinate to the <a href="/wiki/Caliphate_of_Damascus" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliphate of Damascus">Caliphate of Damascus</a>, replacing <a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a>. In Arabic it was known as <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">قرطبة</span></span> (Qurṭuba). </p><p>The centre of the Roman and Visigothic cities became the walled <a href="/wiki/Medina_quarter" title="Medina quarter"><i>medina</i></a>. Over time, as many as 21 suburbs (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">رَبَض</span></span> <i>rabaḍ</i>, pl. <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">أَرْبَاض</span></span> <i>arbāḍ</i>) developed around the city.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBennison2016281_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBennison2016281-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 747, a battle in the surroundings of Córdoba, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Saqunda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Saqunda (page does not exist)">Battle of Saqunda</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_Secunda" class="extiw" title="es:Batalla de Secunda">es</a>]</span>, took place, pitting Arab Yemenites against northerner Qays.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 8">: 8 </span></sup> </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid</a> ousting of the Umayyad Caliphate after 750, the surviving Umayyad Abd ar-Rahman crossed to the Iberian Peninsula in 756. He proclaimed himself Emir <a href="/wiki/Abd_ar-Rahman_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd ar-Rahman I">Abd ar-Rahman I</a> and established his dynasty in Córdoba once the <a href="/wiki/Rump_state" title="Rump state">rump</a> <i>wāli</i> <a href="/wiki/Yusuf_ibn_Abd_al-Rahman_al-Fihri" title="Yusuf ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Fihri">Yusuf ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Fihri</a> was defeated at a battle outside the city in May 756.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuichard20139–10_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuichard20139–10-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 785–786 (169 <a href="/wiki/Hijri_year" title="Hijri year">AH</a>) he ordered construction of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Mosque_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Mosque of Córdoba">Great Mosque of Córdoba</a>, which was completed the next year and underwent later expansions under his successors.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:02_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mezquita_de_Cordoba_Mihrab.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Mezquita_de_Cordoba_Mihrab.jpg/220px-Mezquita_de_Cordoba_Mihrab.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Mezquita_de_Cordoba_Mihrab.jpg/330px-Mezquita_de_Cordoba_Mihrab.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Mezquita_de_Cordoba_Mihrab.jpg/440px-Mezquita_de_Cordoba_Mihrab.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3113" data-file-height="3099" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mihrab" title="Mihrab">Mihrab</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Mosque%E2%80%93Cathedral_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Mosque–Cathedral of Córdoba">Great Mosque</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Historians' estimations of Córdoba's population during the 9th century range from 75,000 to 160,000.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ruthless repression of the 818 revolt in the southern suburb of Córdoba led to the destruction of the place.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuichard201312–13_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuichard201312–13-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 10th and 11th centuries Córdoba was one of the most advanced cities in the world, and a great cultural, political, financial and economic centre.<sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopedia_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopedia-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dirham_abd_al_rahman_iii_17494.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Dirham_abd_al_rahman_iii_17494.jpg/220px-Dirham_abd_al_rahman_iii_17494.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Dirham_abd_al_rahman_iii_17494.jpg/330px-Dirham_abd_al_rahman_iii_17494.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Dirham_abd_al_rahman_iii_17494.jpg/440px-Dirham_abd_al_rahman_iii_17494.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dirham" title="Dirham">Dirham</a> emitted by <a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_III" title="Abd al-Rahman III">Abd al-Rahman III</a>, coined in <a href="/wiki/Medina_Azahara" class="mw-redirect" title="Medina Azahara">Medina Azahara</a> (10th century)</figcaption></figure> <p>Córdoba had a prosperous economy, with manufactured goods including leather, metal work, glazed tiles and textiles, and agricultural produce including a range of fruits, vegetables, herbs and spices, and materials such as cotton, flax and silk.<sup id="cite_ref-Córdoba:_Historical_Overview_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Córdoba:_Historical_Overview-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was also famous as a centre of learning, home to over 80 libraries and institutions of learning,<sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopedia_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopedia-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBC_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with knowledge of medicine, mathematics, astronomy, botany far exceeding the rest of Europe at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-Córdoba:_Historical_Overview_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Córdoba:_Historical_Overview-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, the vizier <a href="/wiki/Almanzor" title="Almanzor">al-Mansur</a> – the <i>de facto</i> ruler of al-Andalus from 976 to 1002 – burned most of the books on philosophy from the library of Caliph <a href="/wiki/Al-Hakam_II" title="Al-Hakam II">al-Hakam II</a> to appease <a href="/wiki/Maliki" class="mw-redirect" title="Maliki">Maliki</a> jurists (<i><a href="/wiki/Ulama" title="Ulama">ulama</a></i>); most of the others were sold off or perished in the civil strife not long after.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After a period of weak central rule, <a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_III" title="Abd al-Rahman III">Abd ar-Rahman III</a> came to power as emir in 912 and campaigned lengthily and systematically to re-establish the authority of Córdoba across Al-Andalus. In 929, after years of military and diplomatic efforts, he felt confident enough to declare himself "<a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">caliph</a>", a title challenging the Abbasid caliphs in <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate" title="Fatimid Caliphate">Fatimid</a> caliphs in North Africa. This inaugurated the height of Córdoba's power and influence in the 10th century.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This century saw the construction of two palatine cities in the surroundings of Córdoba: <a href="/wiki/Madinat_al-Zahra" title="Madinat al-Zahra">Madīnat al-Zahrā</a> to the west, built by Abd ar-Rahman III, and another one built later by al-Mansur (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Medina_Alzahira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Medina Alzahira (page does not exist)">Medina Alzahira</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medina_Alzahira" class="extiw" title="es:Medina Alzahira">es</a>]</span>) to the east.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuichard201317_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuichard201317-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The economic historian <a href="/wiki/J._Bradford_DeLong" class="mw-redirect" title="J. Bradford DeLong">J. Bradford DeLong</a> estimates the city's population at 400,000 around 1000 AD,<sup id="cite_ref-Population_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Population-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while estimates from other historians range from 100,000 to 1,000,000 during the same era.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuichard201317–18_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuichard201317–18-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whatever Córdoba's population was, the city's apogee came to an abrupt halt after the 1009 crisis.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuichard201318_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuichard201318-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 15 February 1009, with <a href="/wiki/Hisham_II" title="Hisham II">Hisham II</a> as caliph and <a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_Sanchuelo" title="Abd al-Rahman Sanchuelo">Abd al-Rahman Sanchuelo</a> as hajib (and <i>de facto</i> ruler), a revolution broke out in Córdoba, which led to the proclamation of an alternative caliph.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeinado_Santaella2012110_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeinado_Santaella2012110-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This marked the beginning of a long period of civil war and conflict in Al-Andalus known as the <i><a href="/wiki/Fitna_of_al-Andalus" title="Fitna of al-Andalus">Fitna</a></i>. Berbers entered and sacked Córdoba in May 1013.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hisham_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Hisham III">Hisham III</a> was routed from Córdoba on 30 November 1031 and an oligarchic republic replaced the caliphate.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeinado_Santaella2012111_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeinado_Santaella2012111-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="High_and_Late_Middle_Ages">High and Late Middle Ages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: High and Late Middle Ages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Taifa of Córdoba">Taifa of Córdoba</a></div> <p>Under rule of the Banu Yahwar, Cordobese power did not extend far from the city, as other independent polities emerged in the rest of the former caliphate.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuichard201318_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuichard201318-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Meri2005_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meri2005-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An estimation of 65,000 inhabitants has been proposed for 11th-century Córdoba.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuichard201319–20_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuichard201319–20-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1070, forces from the Abbadid <a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Seville" title="Taifa of Seville">Taifa of Seville</a> entered Córdoba to help in the defence of the city, which had been besieged by <a href="/wiki/Al-Mamun_of_Toledo" title="Al-Mamun of Toledo">al-Mamun of Toledo</a>, ruler of Toledo, yet they took control and expelled the last ruler of the taifa of Córdoba, Abd-Al Malik, forcing him to exile.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Al-Mamun did not cease in his efforts to take the city, and making use of a Sevillian renegade who murdered the Abbadid governor, he triumphantly entered the city on 15 February 1075, only to die there barely five months later, apparently poisoned.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 40">: 40 </span></sup> Córdoba was seized by force in March 1091 by the <a href="/wiki/Almoravid" class="mw-redirect" title="Almoravid">Almoravids</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1121, the population revolted against the abuses of the Almoravid governor.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sworn enemies of the <a href="/wiki/Almoravid_dynasty" title="Almoravid dynasty">Almoravid dynasty</a>, the "Wolf King" <a href="/wiki/Ab%C5%AB_%CA%BFAbd_All%C4%81h_Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad_ibn_Sa%CA%BFd_ibn_Mardan%C4%ABsh" title="Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Saʿd ibn Mardanīsh">Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Saʿd ibn Mardanīsh</a> and his stepfather <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hamu%C5%A1k" title="Ibn Hamušk">ibn Hamušk</a> allied with <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_VIII_of_Castile" title="Alfonso VIII of Castile">Alfonso VIII of Castile</a> and laid siege to Córdoba by 1158–1160, ravaging the surroundings but failing to take the city.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Almohad caliph <a href="/wiki/Abdallah_al-Adil" title="Abdallah al-Adil">Abdallah al-Adil</a> appointed <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Bayyasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Bayyasi (page does not exist)">Al-Bayyasi</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Bayyasi" class="extiw" title="es:Al-Bayyasi">es</a>]</span> (brother of <a href="/wiki/Zayd_Abu_Zayd" title="Zayd Abu Zayd">Zayd Abu Zayd</a>) as governor of Córdoba in 1224, only to see the later became independent from Caliphal rule.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMolina_López198641_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMolina_López198641-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Al-Bayyasi asked <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_III_of_Castile" title="Ferdinand III of Castile">Ferdinand III of Castile</a> for help and Córdoba revolted against him.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Years later, in 1229, the city submitted to the authority of <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hud" title="Ibn Hud">Ibn Hud</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMolina_López198643_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMolina_López198643-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> disavowing him in 1233, joining instead the territories under <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_I_of_Granada" title="Muhammad I of Granada">Muhammad Ibn al-Aḥmar</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMolina_López198645_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMolina_López198645-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ruler of Arjona and soon-to-be emir of Granada. </p><p>Ferdinand III entered the city on 29 June 1236, following a siege of several months. According to Arab sources, Córdoba fell on 23 <a href="/wiki/Shawwal" title="Shawwal">Shawwal</a> 633 (that is, on 30 June 1236, a day later than Christian tradition).<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon the city's conquest the mosque was converted into a Catholic cathedral dedicated to the <a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Virgin Mary</a> (<i>Santa Maria</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-:8_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was also followed by the return to <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a> of the church bells that had been looted by Almanzor and moved to Córdoba by Christian war prisoners in the late 10th century.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ferdinand III granted the city a <i><a href="/wiki/Fuero" title="Fuero">fuero</a></i> in 1241;<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it was based on the <i><a href="/wiki/Visigothic_Code" title="Visigothic Code">Liber Iudiciorum</a></i> and in the customs of <a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Spain" title="Toledo, Spain">Toledo</a>, yet formulated in an original way.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike the case of other kingdoms of the Crown of Castile, the wider <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Kingdom of Córdoba">Kingdom of Córdoba</a> distinctly lacked <i>realengo</i> (royal demesne) council towns other than the capital city itself.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, the military orders had a comparatively lesser presence across the realm.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECabrera199592–93_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECabrera199592–93-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city was divided into 14 <i>colaciones</i>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and numerous new church buildings were added. </p><p>By the end of the 13th century, the land belonging to the council of Córdoba peaked at about 12,000 km<sup>2</sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerrocal_BareaMartín_MorenoMontero_Rascón199224_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerrocal_BareaMartín_MorenoMontero_Rascón199224-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It progressively reduced upon creation of new lordships, amounting to about 9,000 km<sup>2</sup> by the end of the middle ages.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerrocal_BareaMartín_MorenoMontero_Rascón199224_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerrocal_BareaMartín_MorenoMontero_Rascón199224-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city's surrounding countryside was raided during the 1277–78 Marinid expedition in the Guadalquivir valley.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlcántara_Valle201531–32_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlcántara_Valle201531–32-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1282, in the context of the problematic succession of Alfonso X of Castile, an army formed by the latter's supporters as well as Marinid forces laid siege to the city (where <a href="/wiki/Sancho_IV_of_Castile" title="Sancho IV of Castile">prince Sancho</a> was) for 21 days.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city council had indeed joined a newly created brotherhood in 1282 together with other councils of the Upper Guadalquivir defending Sancho's dynastic rights against Alfonso's regal authoritarianism.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many decades after during the <a href="/wiki/Third_siege_of_Gibraltar" title="Third siege of Gibraltar">Third Siege of Gibraltar</a> in 1333, a diversionary Granadian army raided the countryside of Cordoba and encamped on the far side of the Roman Bridge of Cordoba. However the diversionary army had to return to Gibraltar to help their Marinid counterparts so no further action was taken.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1368, during the <a href="/wiki/Castilian_Civil_War" title="Castilian Civil War">Castilian Civil War</a>, the city, loyal to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Trast%C3%A1mara" title="House of Trastámara">Trastámara</a> side, was attacked by forces supporting of <a href="/wiki/Peter_I_of_Castile" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter I of Castile">Peter I</a>, with Granadan backing.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_history">Modern history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Modern history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 934px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 932px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vista_de_C%C3%B3rdoba_(1567)._Anton_van_den_Wyngaerde.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panoramics of Córdoba as drawn by Anton van den Wyngaerde in 1567"><img alt="Panoramics of Córdoba as drawn by Anton van den Wyngaerde in 1567" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Vista_de_C%C3%B3rdoba_%281567%29._Anton_van_den_Wyngaerde.jpg/1398px-Vista_de_C%C3%B3rdoba_%281567%29._Anton_van_den_Wyngaerde.jpg" decoding="async" width="932" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Vista_de_C%C3%B3rdoba_%281567%29._Anton_van_den_Wyngaerde.jpg/2097px-Vista_de_C%C3%B3rdoba_%281567%29._Anton_van_den_Wyngaerde.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Vista_de_C%C3%B3rdoba_%281567%29._Anton_van_den_Wyngaerde.jpg/2795px-Vista_de_C%C3%B3rdoba_%281567%29._Anton_van_den_Wyngaerde.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5621" data-file-height="724" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Panoramics of Córdoba as drawn by <a href="/wiki/Anton_van_den_Wyngaerde" title="Anton van den Wyngaerde">Anton van den Wyngaerde</a> in 1567</div> </li> </ul> <p>In the context of the <a href="/wiki/Early_Modern_Period" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Modern Period">Early Modern Period</a>, the city experienced a golden age between 1530 and 1580, profiting from an economic activity based on the trade of <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agricultural products</a> and the preparation of clothes originally from <a href="/wiki/Los_Pedroches" title="Los Pedroches">Los Pedroches</a>, peaking at a population of about 50,000 by 1571.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVillar_Movellán1998102_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVillar_Movellán1998102-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A period of stagnation and ensuing decline followed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVillar_Movellán1998102_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVillar_Movellán1998102-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Posada,_Cordoba_-_Sigurd_Curman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Posada%2C_Cordoba_-_Sigurd_Curman.jpg/220px-Posada%2C_Cordoba_-_Sigurd_Curman.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Posada%2C_Cordoba_-_Sigurd_Curman.jpg/330px-Posada%2C_Cordoba_-_Sigurd_Curman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Posada%2C_Cordoba_-_Sigurd_Curman.jpg/440px-Posada%2C_Cordoba_-_Sigurd_Curman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1293" data-file-height="1300" /></a><figcaption>People in front of an inn in Córdoba (1910)</figcaption></figure> <p>It was reduced to 20,000 inhabitants in the 18th century.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The population and economy started to increase again only in the early 20th century. The second half of the 19th century saw the arrival of railway transport via the opening of the Seville–Córdoba line on 2 June 1859.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELópez_Serrano2017587_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELópez_Serrano2017587-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Córdoba was connected by railway to <a href="/wiki/Jerez" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerez">Jerez</a> and <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1diz" title="Cádiz">Cádiz</a> in 1861 and, in 1866, following the link with <a href="/wiki/Manzanares,_Ciudad_Real" title="Manzanares, Ciudad Real">Manzanares</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELópez_Serrano2017589_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELópez_Serrano2017589-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city was eventually connected to <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1laga" title="Málaga">Málaga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Belmez,_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Belmez, Córdoba">Belmez</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELópez_Serrano2017593–597_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELópez_Serrano2017593–597-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 18 July 1936, the military governor of the province, Colonel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ciriaco_Cascajo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ciriaco Cascajo (page does not exist)">Ciriaco Cascajo</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciriaco_Cascajo" class="extiw" title="es:Ciriaco Cascajo">es</a>]</span>, launched the Nationalist <i><a href="/wiki/Spanish_coup_of_July_1936" title="Spanish coup of July 1936">coup</a></i> in the city, bombing the civil government and arresting the civil governor, Rodríguez de León;<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> these actions ignited the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a>. Following the orders of the <a href="/wiki/Putschist" class="mw-redirect" title="Putschist">putschist</a> General <a href="/wiki/Queipo_de_Llano" class="mw-redirect" title="Queipo de Llano">Queipo de Llano</a>, he declared a state of war. The putschists were met by the resistance of the political and social representatives who had gathered in the civil government headquarters,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPonce_AlbercaGarcía_Bonilla200811_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPonce_AlbercaGarcía_Bonilla200811-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and remained there until the Nationalist rifle fire and the presence of artillery broke their morale. When its defenders began fleeing the building, Rodríguez de León finally decided to surrender and was arrested.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the following weeks, Queipo de Llano and Major Bruno Ibañez carried out a bloody repression in which 2,000 persons were executed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomas2001252_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2001252-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomas2001253_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2001253-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomas2001254_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2001254-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ensuing <a href="/wiki/White_Terror_(Spain)" title="White Terror (Spain)">Francoist repression</a> in wartime and in the immediate post-war period (1936–1951) is estimated to have led to around 9,579 killings in the province.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Mosque-Cathedral was declared a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a> in 1984, and in 1994 this status was extended to the entire <a href="/wiki/Historic_centre_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Historic centre of Córdoba">historic centre of Córdoba</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city has a number of modern areas, including the district of Zoco and the area surrounding the <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba_railway_station" title="Córdoba railway station">railway station</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The regional government (the <a href="/wiki/Junta_de_Andaluc%C3%ADa" class="mw-redirect" title="Junta de Andalucía">Junta de Andalucía</a>) has for some time<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (August 2017)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> been studying the creation of a <i>Córdoba Metropolitan Area</i> that would comprise, in addition to the capital itself, the towns of <a href="/wiki/Villafranca_de_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Villafranca de Córdoba">Villafranca de Córdoba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Obejo" title="Obejo">Obejo</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_Carlota,_C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="La Carlota, Córdoba, Spain">La Carlota</a>, <a href="/wiki/Villaharta" title="Villaharta">Villaharta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Villaviciosa,_C%C3%B3rdoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Villaviciosa, Córdoba">Villaviciosa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Almod%C3%B3var_del_R%C3%ADo" title="Almodóvar del Río">Almodóvar del Río</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guadalc%C3%A1zar_(C%C3%B3rdoba)" title="Guadalcázar (Córdoba)">Guadalcázar</a>. The combined population of such an area would be around 351,000.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Location">Location</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Location"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Las_Ermitas_panorama_C%C3%B3rdoba_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Las_Ermitas_panorama_C%C3%B3rdoba_3.jpg/500px-Las_Ermitas_panorama_C%C3%B3rdoba_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="500" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Las_Ermitas_panorama_C%C3%B3rdoba_3.jpg/750px-Las_Ermitas_panorama_C%C3%B3rdoba_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Las_Ermitas_panorama_C%C3%B3rdoba_3.jpg/1000px-Las_Ermitas_panorama_C%C3%B3rdoba_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="14000" data-file-height="3060" /></a><figcaption>View of Córdoba from the <i>Sierra</i> foothills</figcaption></figure> <p>Córdoba is located in the south of the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Baetic_Depression" title="Baetic Depression">Guadalquivir depression</a> formed by the <a href="/wiki/Guadalquivir" title="Guadalquivir">Guadalquivir river</a>, that cuts across the city in an east-north east to west-south west direction. The wider municipality extends across an area of 1,254.25 km<sup>2</sup>,<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> making it the largest municipality in <a href="/wiki/Andalusia" title="Andalusia">Andalusia</a> and the fourth largest in Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurgueñoGuerrero_Lladós201419_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgueñoGuerrero_Lladós201419-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city of Córdoba lies in the middle course of the river. Three major landscape units in the municipality include the Sierra (as in the southern reaches of <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Morena" title="Sierra Morena">Sierra Morena</a>), the Valley proper and the <i>Campiña</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETorres_Márquez2013138_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETorres_Márquez2013138-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The differences in elevation in the Valley are very small, ranging from 100 and 170 metres above sea level,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETorres_Márquez2013138_91-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETorres_Márquez2013138-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the city proper located at an average altitude of roughly 125 metres above sea level.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDomínguez_Bascón1995283_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDomínguez_Bascón1995283-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The landscape of the valley is further subdivided in the <i>piedmont</i> connecting with the Sierra, the <a href="/wiki/Fluvial_terrace" title="Fluvial terrace">fluvial terraces</a> and the most immediate vicinity of the river course.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETorres_Márquez2013138_91-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETorres_Márquez2013138-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Miocene" title="Miocene">Miocene</a> <i>Campiña</i>, located in the southern bank of the Guadalquivir, features a hilly landscape gently increasing in height up to about 200 m.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDomínguez_Bascón1995283_92-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDomínguez_Bascón1995283-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <i>Sierra</i>, to the north of the city, the altitude increases relatively abruptly up to 500 meters.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDomínguez_Bascón1995283_92-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDomínguez_Bascón1995283-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both the <i>Sierra</i> and the <i>Campiña</i> display viewpoints over the valley.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETorres_Márquez2013138_91-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETorres_Márquez2013138-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fields_near_C%C3%B3rdoba.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Fields_near_C%C3%B3rdoba.jpg/220px-Fields_near_C%C3%B3rdoba.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Fields_near_C%C3%B3rdoba.jpg/330px-Fields_near_C%C3%B3rdoba.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Fields_near_C%C3%B3rdoba.jpg/440px-Fields_near_C%C3%B3rdoba.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="3325" /></a><figcaption>Green fields in Córdoba after December rains</figcaption></figure> <p>Córdoba has a hot <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">Mediterranean climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> <i>Csa</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has the highest summer average daily temperatures in Spain and Europe (with highs averaging 36.9 °C (98 °F) in July) and days with temperatures over 40 °C (104 °F) are common in the summer months. August's 24-hour average of 28.0 °C (82 °F) is also one of the highest in Europe, despite relatively cool nightly temperatures.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On average, Córdoba has 16 days with maximum temperatures over 40 °C (104 °F) and 68 days with maximum temperatures over 35 °C (95 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These scorching summers occur due to its location in the <a href="/wiki/Baetic_Depression" title="Baetic Depression">Guadalquivir Valley</a>, which is considered to be the region with the hottest summer in Europe and even one of the hottest summers in the world that is not located in a semi-arid or arid region.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Winters are mild, yet cooler than other low lying cities in southern Spain due to its interior location, wedged between the Sierra Morena and the Penibaetic System. Precipitation is concentrated in the coldest months; this is due to the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">dry summer climate pattern</a> featured in large parts of the Iberian Peninsula. Precipitation is generated by storms from the west that occur most frequently from December to February. This Atlantic characteristic then gives way to a hot summer with significant drought more typical of Mediterranean climates. Annual rain surpasses 600 mm (24 in), although it is recognized to vary from year to year. </p><p> In July 2022, there were 19 days with highs over 40 °C (104 °F) and 30 days with highs over 35 °C (95 °F), with the average high of 40.4 °C (104.7 °F) for that month, which is the highest ever recorded in the country and in Europe among all cities with a population over 100,000.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The registered maximum temperature at the <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba_Airport" title="Córdoba Airport">Córdoba Airport</a>, located at 6 km (4 mi) from the city, was 46.9 °C (116.4 °F) on 13 July 2017 and 14 August 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-OGIMET_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OGIMET-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lowest registered temperature was −8.2 °C (17.2 °F), on 28 January 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-aemet_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aemet-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Córdoba Airport (1991-2020) (Provisional Normals), extremes (1949-present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.5<br />(74.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.8<br />(82.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.0<br />(91.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF1200; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.8<br />(101.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF0200; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.2<br />(106.2) </td> <td style="background: #CE0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">45.0<br />(113.0) </td> <td style="background: #B40000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">46.9<br />(116.4) </td> <td style="background: #B40000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">46.9<br />(116.4) </td> <td style="background: #C90000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">45.4<br />(113.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF1A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.6<br />(99.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.7<br />(85.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.8<br />(74.8) </td> <td style="background: #B40000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">46.9<br />(116.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.2<br />(59.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.4<br />(63.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.1<br />(70.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.6<br />(74.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.1<br />(82.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.4<br />(92.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF1E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.1<br />(98.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.0<br />(98.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.8<br />(89.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.8<br />(78.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.1<br />(66.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB163; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.8<br />(60.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">25.5<br />(77.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4<br />(48.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD1A4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1<br />(52.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC79; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.2<br />(57.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.6<br />(61.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9022; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.5<br />(68.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.1<br />(77.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.2<br />(82.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.3<br />(82.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.4<br />(75.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.4<br />(66.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC082; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.5<br />(56.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD5AC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5<br />(50.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F3F; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">18.4<br />(65.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.7<br />(38.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFFDFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7<br />(40.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3<br />(45.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7<br />(49.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.9<br />(55.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA55; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.8<br />(62.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.1<br />(66.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF962E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.6<br />(67.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0<br />(62.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFC388; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.1<br />(55.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE7D0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.9<br />(46.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.1<br />(41.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">11.4<br />(52.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #BABAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.2<br />(17.2) </td> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.0<br />(23.0) </td> <td style="background: #D0D0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.2<br />(24.4) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2<br />(32.4) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.4<br />(36.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0<br />(44.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0<br />(51.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0<br />(51.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0<br />(42.8) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0<br />(33.8) </td> <td style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.6<br />(25.5) </td> <td style="background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.8<br />(18.0) </td> <td style="background: #BABAFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−8.2<br />(17.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #A9FFA9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57.6<br />(2.27) </td> <td style="background: #A8FFA8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.7<br />(2.07) </td> <td style="background: #A1FFA1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.5<br />(2.46) </td> <td style="background: #ABFFAB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.3<br />(2.14) </td> <td style="background: #BFFFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42.4<br />(1.67) </td> <td style="background: #EEFFEE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0<br />(0.43) </td> <td style="background: #FEFFFE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5<br />(0.02) </td> <td style="background: #F5FFF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.7<br />(0.26) </td> <td style="background: #C6FFC6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.6<br />(1.44) </td> <td style="background: #89FF89; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.7<br />(3.10) </td> <td style="background: #85FF85; color:#000000;" class="notheme">79.2<br />(3.12) </td> <td style="background: #77FF77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90.7<br />(3.57) </td> <td style="background: #B6FFB6; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">572.9<br />(22.55) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #A9A9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.9 </td> <td style="background: #AFAFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.9 </td> <td style="background: #B2B2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.2 </td> <td style="background: #ADADFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.4 </td> <td style="background: #C2C2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9 </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.2 </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.6 </td> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.0 </td> <td style="background: #AEAEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.5 </td> <td style="background: #ACACFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.5 </td> <td style="background: #ABABFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8 </td> <td style="background: #C5C5FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">55.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000F7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68.6 </td> <td style="background: #1010FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">62.4 </td> <td style="background: #2020FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">58.3 </td> <td style="background: #3E3EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">50.2 </td> <td style="background: #5F5FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.8 </td> <td style="background: #7474FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.3 </td> <td style="background: #7070FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.3 </td> <td style="background: #4545FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">48.6 </td> <td style="background: #1212FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">61.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000E8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000D8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76.8 </td> <td style="background: #2323FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">57.5 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #D6D600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">195.6 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">207.3 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">246.1 </td> <td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">270.1 </td> <td style="background: #F2F215; color:#000000;" class="notheme">319.1 </td> <td style="background: #FEFE31; color:#000000;" class="notheme">356.8 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">395.1 </td> <td style="background: #FEFE31; color:#000000;" class="notheme">368.7 </td> <td style="background: #EBEB04; color:#000000;" class="notheme">277.2 </td> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">242.1 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">199.7 </td> <td style="background: #D2D200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">180.6 </td> <td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">3,258.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/Agencia_Estatal_de_Meteorologia" class="mw-redirect" title="Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia">Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia</a> (AEMET OpenData) for temperatures and precipitation<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">NOAA</a> for precipitation days, humidity and sunshine<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Córdoba Airport <small>(altitude 90m, 1981–2010 normals)</small> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFB76F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.9<br />(58.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.4<br />(63.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B17; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.3<br />(70.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.8<br />(73.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.4<br />(81.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.8<br />(91.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.9<br />(98.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF2200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.5<br />(97.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.6<br />(88.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.1<br />(77.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.1<br />(66.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.3<br />(59.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">25.1<br />(77.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFDDBC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3<br />(48.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD1A4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1<br />(52.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4<br />(57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.0<br />(60.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0<br />(68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.7<br />(76.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.0<br />(82.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.0<br />(82.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.2<br />(75.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.1<br />(66.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC082; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.5<br />(56.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD6AD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.4<br />(50.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA042; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">18.2<br />(64.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6<br />(38.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9<br />(40.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4<br />(45.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3<br />(48.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6<br />(54.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC59; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.5<br />(61.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.0<br />(66.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.4<br />(66.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA954; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.9<br />(62.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.0<br />(55.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8<br />(46.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.5<br />(41.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A1; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">11.3<br />(52.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #9CFF9C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66<br />(2.6) </td> <td style="background: #A5FFA5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55<br />(2.2) </td> <td style="background: #B5FFB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49<br />(1.9) </td> <td style="background: #AAFFAA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55<br />(2.2) </td> <td style="background: #C3FFC3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40<br />(1.6) </td> <td style="background: #EAFFEA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13<br />(0.5) </td> <td style="background: #FCFFFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2<br />(0.1) </td> <td style="background: #F7FFF7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5<br />(0.2) </td> <td style="background: #C9FFC9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35<br />(1.4) </td> <td style="background: #7EFF7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86<br />(3.4) </td> <td style="background: #83FF83; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80<br />(3.1) </td> <td style="background: #59FF59; color:#000000;" class="notheme">111<br />(4.4) </td> <td style="background: #B3FFB3; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">597<br />(23.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #A6A6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2 </td> <td style="background: #ACACFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.1 </td> <td style="background: #C2C2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9 </td> <td style="background: #A9A9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.7 </td> <td style="background: #C2C2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9 </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.4 </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.4 </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.6 </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.2 </td> <td style="background: #A9A9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.9 </td> <td style="background: #B3B3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.9 </td> <td style="background: #9B9BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.1 </td> <td style="background: #C4C4FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">56.3 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days </th> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">0.2 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #0A0AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">64 </td> <td style="background: #1919FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">60 </td> <td style="background: #2C2CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">55 </td> <td style="background: #4747FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">48 </td> <td style="background: #6262FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41 </td> <td style="background: #5A5AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">43 </td> <td style="background: #3838FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">52 </td> <td style="background: #0202FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">66 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #1919FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">60 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #CFCF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">174 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">186 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">218 </td> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">235 </td> <td style="background: #ECEC05; color:#000000;" class="notheme">289 </td> <td style="background: #F6F61E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">323 </td> <td style="background: #FCFC2E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">363 </td> <td style="background: #F6F61F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">336 </td> <td style="background: #E4E400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">248 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">205 </td> <td style="background: #D4D400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">180 </td> <td style="background: #C3C313; color:#000000;" class="notheme">148 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,905 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/Agencia_Estatal_de_Meteorolog%C3%ADa" class="mw-redirect" title="Agencia Estatal de Meteorología">Agencia Estatal de Meteorología</a><sup id="cite_ref-aemet_101-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aemet-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ogimet<sup id="cite_ref-OGIMET_100-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OGIMET-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Landmarks">Landmarks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Landmarks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Centro_Hist%C3%B3rico,_16.9_--_2023_--_C%C3%B3rdoba,_Espa%C3%B1a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Centro_Hist%C3%B3rico%2C_16.9_--_2023_--_C%C3%B3rdoba%2C_Espa%C3%B1a.jpg/220px-Centro_Hist%C3%B3rico%2C_16.9_--_2023_--_C%C3%B3rdoba%2C_Espa%C3%B1a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Centro_Hist%C3%B3rico%2C_16.9_--_2023_--_C%C3%B3rdoba%2C_Espa%C3%B1a.jpg/330px-Centro_Hist%C3%B3rico%2C_16.9_--_2023_--_C%C3%B3rdoba%2C_Espa%C3%B1a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Centro_Hist%C3%B3rico%2C_16.9_--_2023_--_C%C3%B3rdoba%2C_Espa%C3%B1a.jpg/440px-Centro_Hist%C3%B3rico%2C_16.9_--_2023_--_C%C3%B3rdoba%2C_Espa%C3%B1a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5984" data-file-height="3366" /></a><figcaption>View of the <a href="/wiki/Historic_centre_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Historic centre of Córdoba">historic centre of Córdoba</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Guadalquivir_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Guadalquivir River">Guadalquivir River</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Historic_centre_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Historic centre of Córdoba">historic centre of Córdoba</a> has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_88-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roman">Roman</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Roman"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mausoleoromano.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Mausoleoromano.jpg/220px-Mausoleoromano.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Mausoleoromano.jpg/330px-Mausoleoromano.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Mausoleoromano.jpg/440px-Mausoleoromano.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="680" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Roman_mausoleum_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Roman mausoleum of Córdoba">Roman Mausoleum</a> in the Paseo de la Victoria</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Roman_bridge_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Roman bridge of Córdoba">Roman Bridge</a>, over the Guadalquivir River, links the area of Campo de la Verdad with Barrio de la Catedral. It was the only bridge of the city for twenty centuries, until the construction of the San Rafael Bridge in the mid-20th century. It was initially built in the early 1st century BC during the reign of emperor Augustus but significantly rebuilt in the 8th century under Umayyad rule. It has a length of about 250 m and has 16 arches.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other Roman remains include the <a href="/wiki/Roman_temple_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Roman temple of Córdoba">Roman Temple</a>, the Theatre, <a href="/wiki/Roman_mausoleum_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Roman mausoleum of Córdoba">Mausoleum</a>, the Colonial Forum, the <i>Forum Adiectum</i>, an amphitheater and the remains of the Palace of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Maximian" title="Maximian">Maximian</a> in the archaeological site of Cercadilla.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islamic">Islamic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Islamic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Great_Mosque_of_Córdoba"><span id="Great_Mosque_of_C.C3.B3rdoba"></span>Great Mosque of Córdoba</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Great Mosque of Córdoba"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mosque%E2%80%93Cathedral_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Mosque–Cathedral of Córdoba">Mosque–Cathedral of Córdoba</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cathedral-Great_Mosque_of_Cordoba_-_Andalucia_-_Spain_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Cathedral-Great_Mosque_of_Cordoba_-_Andalucia_-_Spain_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Cathedral-Great_Mosque_of_Cordoba_-_Andalucia_-_Spain_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Cathedral-Great_Mosque_of_Cordoba_-_Andalucia_-_Spain_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-Cathedral-Great_Mosque_of_Cordoba_-_Andalucia_-_Spain_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Cathedral-Great_Mosque_of_Cordoba_-_Andalucia_-_Spain_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-Cathedral-Great_Mosque_of_Cordoba_-_Andalucia_-_Spain_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Interior of the <a href="/wiki/Mosque%E2%80%93Cathedral_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Mosque–Cathedral of Córdoba">Mosque–Cathedral of Córdoba</a></figcaption></figure> <p>From 784- 786 AD, Abd al-Rahman I built the Great Mosque of Córdoba, one of the most famous monuments of <a href="/wiki/Moorish_architecture" title="Moorish architecture">Western Islamic (Moorish) architecture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-George_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-George-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBennison2016281–284_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBennison2016281–284-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It integrated aspects of <a href="/wiki/Islamic_architecture" title="Islamic architecture">Islamic architecture</a> with some indigenous elements of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Roman_architecture" title="Ancient Roman architecture">Roman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Visigothic_art_and_architecture" title="Visigothic art and architecture">Visigothic architecture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later Umayyad rulers expanded the mosque, adding a minaret and extending the prayer hall. A major 10th-century expansion resulted in the elaborate <a href="/wiki/Mihrab" title="Mihrab">mihrab</a> and other ornate embellishments seen today.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_62-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the Christian conquest of the city the mosque was converted to a cathedral. It underwent significant modifications in the 16th century but much of the original structure remains.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_62-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The building was listed as a World Heritage Site in 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_88-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Minaret_of_San_Juan">Minaret of San Juan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Minaret of San Juan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Built in 930 AD, the mosque that this minaret adorned has been replaced by a church and the minaret re-purposed as a tower. It retains characteristics of Islamic architecture in the region, including a double <a href="/wiki/Horseshoe_arch" title="Horseshoe arch">horseshoe-arch</a> windows.<sup id="cite_ref-George_108-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-George-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mills_of_the_Guadalquivir">Mills of the Guadalquivir</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Mills of the Guadalquivir"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spain_Andalusia_Cordoba_BW_2015-10-27_12-11-37.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Spain_Andalusia_Cordoba_BW_2015-10-27_12-11-37.jpg/170px-Spain_Andalusia_Cordoba_BW_2015-10-27_12-11-37.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Spain_Andalusia_Cordoba_BW_2015-10-27_12-11-37.jpg/255px-Spain_Andalusia_Cordoba_BW_2015-10-27_12-11-37.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Spain_Andalusia_Cordoba_BW_2015-10-27_12-11-37.jpg/340px-Spain_Andalusia_Cordoba_BW_2015-10-27_12-11-37.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2438" data-file-height="3778" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Calahorra_Tower" title="Calahorra Tower">Tower of Calahorra</a> to one side of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Bridge_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Bridge of Córdoba">Roman Bridge</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Along the banks of the Guadalquivir are the <a href="/wiki/Mills_of_the_Guadalquivir" title="Mills of the Guadalquivir">Mills of the Guadalquivir</a>, an array of <a href="/wiki/Watermill" title="Watermill">watermills</a> from different periods that used the power of the water current to grind flour. They include the <a href="/wiki/Albolafia" title="Albolafia">Albolafia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alegr%C3%ADa_watermill" title="Alegría watermill">Alegría watermill</a>, Carbonell, Casillas, Enmedio, Lope García, Martos, Pápalo, San Antonio, San Lorenzo and San Rafael mills.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs additional references to reliable sources. (February 2022)">additional citation(s) needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Calahorra_Tower">Calahorra Tower</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Calahorra Tower"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Calahorra is a fortified tower standing at the southern end of the city's Roman Bridge. Its original construction is attributed to the Almohad period.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBennison2016326_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBennison2016326-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It now houses the Al-Andalus Living Museum (<i>Museo Vivo de Al-Andalus</i>), a museum on the cultural achievements of Al-Andalus.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Caliphal_Baths">Caliphal Baths</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Caliphal Baths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Caliphal_Baths" title="Caliphal Baths">Caliphal Baths</a></div> <p>Near the <a href="/wiki/Alc%C3%A1zar_de_los_Reyes_Cristianos" title="Alcázar de los Reyes Cristianos">Alcázar de los Reyes Cristianos</a>, on the site of the former <a href="/wiki/Alc%C3%A1zar_of_the_Caliphs_(C%C3%B3rdoba)" title="Alcázar of the Caliphs (Córdoba)">Islamic-era Alcázar</a>, are the <a href="/wiki/Caliphal_Baths" title="Caliphal Baths">Caliphal Baths</a>, a partly-reconstructed <a href="/wiki/Hammam" title="Hammam">hammam (baths)</a> complex created in the 10th century and subsequently expanded. The archeological site has been open as a museum since 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Medina_Azahara">Medina Azahara</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Medina Azahara"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Madinat_al-Zahra" title="Madinat al-Zahra">Madinat al-Zahra</a></div> <p>On the outskirts of the city lies the archaeological site of Madinat al-Zahra, the 10th-century palace-city. It is another major example of Islamic architecture in Spain and has been undergoing excavation and reconstruction since 1911.<sup id="cite_ref-:32_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:32-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jewish_Quarter">Jewish Quarter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Jewish Quarter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cordoba-28_(48026695918).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Cordoba-28_%2848026695918%29.jpg/170px-Cordoba-28_%2848026695918%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Cordoba-28_%2848026695918%29.jpg/255px-Cordoba-28_%2848026695918%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Cordoba-28_%2848026695918%29.jpg/340px-Cordoba-28_%2848026695918%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3364" data-file-height="4485" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Calleja_de_las_Flores" title="Calleja de las Flores">Calleja de las Flores</a>, with the Great Cathedral in the background</figcaption></figure><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Juder%C3%ADa_de_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Judería de Córdoba">Judería de Córdoba</a></div> <p>Near the cathedral is the old Jewish quarter, which consists of many irregular streets that preserve some of the city's medieval aspect.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_110-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It contains a museum, the Sepharad House,<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba_Synagogue" title="Córdoba Synagogue">Synagogue</a>, built in 1315.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christian">Christian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Christian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Puerta_del_Puente,_C%C3%B3rdoba_(Espa%C3%B1a).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Puerta_del_Puente%2C_C%C3%B3rdoba_%28Espa%C3%B1a%29.JPG/220px-Puerta_del_Puente%2C_C%C3%B3rdoba_%28Espa%C3%B1a%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Puerta_del_Puente%2C_C%C3%B3rdoba_%28Espa%C3%B1a%29.JPG/330px-Puerta_del_Puente%2C_C%C3%B3rdoba_%28Espa%C3%B1a%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Puerta_del_Puente%2C_C%C3%B3rdoba_%28Espa%C3%B1a%29.JPG/440px-Puerta_del_Puente%2C_C%C3%B3rdoba_%28Espa%C3%B1a%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Puerta_del_Puente" title="Puerta del Puente">Puerta del Puente</a></figcaption></figure><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain" title="Special:EditPage/Córdoba, Spain">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Surrounding the large Old town are the <a href="/wiki/Roman_walls_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Roman walls of Córdoba">Roman walls</a>: gates include the Puerta de Almodóvar, the Puerta de Sevilla and <a href="/wiki/Puerta_del_Puente" title="Puerta del Puente">Puerta del Puente</a>, which are the only three gates remaining from the original thirteen. Towers and fortresses include the <a href="/wiki/Torre_de_la_Malmuerta" title="Torre de la Malmuerta">Malmuerta Tower</a>, <a href="/wiki/Torre_de_Bel%C3%A9n" title="Torre de Belén">Torre de Belén</a> and the Puerta del Rincón's Tower. </p><p>In the south of the Old town and east of the great cathedral, in the <a href="/wiki/Plaza_del_Potro" title="Plaza del Potro">Plaza del Potro</a>, is the <i>Posada del Potro</i>, a row of <a href="/wiki/Inn" title="Inn">inns</a> mentioned in literary works including <i>Don Quixote</i> and <i>La Feria de los Discretos</i>, and which remained active until 1972. Both the plaza and the inn get their name from the fountain in the centre of the plaza, which represents a foal (<i>potro</i>). Not far from this plaza is the <i>Arco del Portillo</i> (a 14th-century arch). In the extreme southwest of the Old Town is the <a href="/wiki/Alc%C3%A1zar_de_los_Reyes_Cristianos" title="Alcázar de los Reyes Cristianos">Alcázar de los Reyes Cristianos</a>, a former royal property and the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Inquisition" title="Spanish Inquisition">Inquisition</a>; adjacent to it are the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Stables_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Royal Stables of Córdoba">Royal Stables</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Andalusian_horse" title="Andalusian horse">Andalusian horses</a> are bred. Palace buildings in the Old Town include the <i>Palacio de Viana</i> (14th century) and the <i><a href="/wiki/Palacio_de_la_Merced" title="Palacio de la Merced">Palacio de la Merced</a></i> among others. Other sights include the <i>Cuesta del Bailío</i> (a staircase connecting the upper and lower part of the city). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fernandine_churches">Fernandine churches</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Fernandine churches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city is home to 12 Christian churches that were built (many as transformations of mosques) by Ferdinand III of Castile after the reconquest of the city in the 13th century. They were to act both as churches and as the administrative centres in the neighborhoods into which the city was divided in medieval times. Some of those that remain are: </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Santa_Marina_en_Cordoba.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Santa_Marina_en_Cordoba.jpg/170px-Santa_Marina_en_Cordoba.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Santa_Marina_en_Cordoba.jpg/255px-Santa_Marina_en_Cordoba.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Santa_Marina_en_Cordoba.jpg/340px-Santa_Marina_en_Cordoba.jpg 2x" data-file-width="734" data-file-height="948" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Santa_Marina_(C%C3%B3rdoba)" title="Santa Marina (Córdoba)">Iglesia de Santa Marina de Aguas Santas</a>, built in the 13th century</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iglesia_de_San_Nicol%C3%A1s_de_la_Villa_(C%C3%B3rdoba)" class="mw-redirect" title="Iglesia de San Nicolás de la Villa (Córdoba)">San Nicolás de la Villa</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iglesia_de_San_Miguel_(C%C3%B3rdoba)" class="mw-redirect" title="Iglesia de San Miguel (Córdoba)">San Miguel</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Juan_y_Todos_los_Santos" title="San Juan y Todos los Santos">San Juan y Todos los Santos</a> (also known as Iglesia de la Trinidad).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Marina_(C%C3%B3rdoba)" title="Santa Marina (Córdoba)">Santa Marina de Aguas Santas</a>.</li> <li><i>San Agustín</i>. Begun in 1328, it has now an 18th-century appearance. The façade bell tower, with four bells, dates to the 16th century.</li> <li><i>San Andrés</i>, largely renovated in the 14th and 15th centuries. It has a Renaissance portal (1489) and a bell tower from the same period, while the high altar is a <a href="/wiki/Baroque_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Baroque art">Baroque</a> work by <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Duque_Cornejo" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedro Duque Cornejo">Pedro Duque Cornejo</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iglesia_de_San_Lorenzo_(C%C3%B3rdoba)" class="mw-redirect" title="Iglesia de San Lorenzo (Córdoba)">San Lorenzo</a>.</li> <li>Church of <i>Santiago</i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Pedro_(C%C3%B3rdoba)" title="San Pedro (Córdoba)">San Pedro</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_Magdalena,_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Santa María Magdalena, Córdoba">Santa María Magdalena</a>. Like the others, it combines <a href="/wiki/Romanesque_architecture" title="Romanesque architecture">Romanesque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mud%C3%A9jar" title="Mudéjar">Mudéjar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Gothic</a> elements.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iglesia_de_San_Pablo_(C%C3%B3rdoba)" class="mw-redirect" title="Iglesia de San Pablo (Córdoba)">San Pablo</a>. In the church's garden in the 1990s the ruins of an ancient Roman circus were discovered.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_religious_structures">Other religious structures</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Other religious structures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fachada_de_la_Real_Colegiata_de_San_Hip%C3%B3lito.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Fachada_de_la_Real_Colegiata_de_San_Hip%C3%B3lito.jpg/220px-Fachada_de_la_Real_Colegiata_de_San_Hip%C3%B3lito.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Fachada_de_la_Real_Colegiata_de_San_Hip%C3%B3lito.jpg/330px-Fachada_de_la_Real_Colegiata_de_San_Hip%C3%B3lito.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Fachada_de_la_Real_Colegiata_de_San_Hip%C3%B3lito.jpg/440px-Fachada_de_la_Real_Colegiata_de_San_Hip%C3%B3lito.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Main façade of the Iglesia de San Hipólito</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Iglesia de San Hipólito. It houses the tombs of <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_IV_of_Castile" title="Ferdinand IV of Castile">Ferdinand IV</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_XI_of_Castile" title="Alfonso XI of Castile">Alfonso XI of Castile</a>, kings of <a href="/wiki/Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castile and León">Castile and León</a>.</li> <li>Iglesia de San Francisco</li> <li>Iglesia de San Salvador y Santo Domingo de Silos</li> <li>Santuario de Nuestra Señora de Linares</li> <li>Torre de Santo Domingo de Silos</li> <li>Santuario de Nuestra Señora de la Fuensanta</li> <li>Chapel of San Bartolomé</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convento_de_Santa_Clara_(C%C3%B3rdoba)" title="Convento de Santa Clara (Córdoba)">Convent of Santa Clara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convento_de_Santa_Cruz_(C%C3%B3rdoba)" title="Convento de Santa Cruz (Córdoba)">Convent of Santa Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convento_de_Santa_Marta" title="Convento de Santa Marta">Convent of Santa Marta</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sculptures_and_memorials">Sculptures and memorials</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Sculptures and memorials"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain" title="Special:EditPage/Córdoba, Spain">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Scattered throughout the city are ten statues of the <a href="/wiki/Raphael_(archangel)" title="Raphael (archangel)">Archangel Raphael</a>, protector and custodian of the city. These are called the Triumphs of Saint Raphael, and are located in landmarks such as the Roman Bridge, the Puerta del Puente and the Plaza del Potro. </p><p>In the western part of the Historic Centre are the statue of Seneca (near the <i>Puerta de Almodóvar</i>, a gate from the time of Islamic rule, (the Statue of <a href="/wiki/Averroes" title="Averroes">Averroes</a> (next to the <i>Puerta de la Luna</i>), and <a href="/wiki/Maimonides" title="Maimonides">Maimonides</a> (in the plaza de Tiberiades). Further south, near the Puerta de Sevilla, are the sculpture to the poet <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Zayd%C3%BAn" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Zaydún">Ibn Zaydún</a> and the sculpture of the writer and poet <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hazm" title="Ibn Hazm">Ibn Hazm</a> and, inside the <a href="/wiki/Alc%C3%A1zar_de_los_Reyes_Cristianos" title="Alcázar de los Reyes Cristianos">Alcázar de los Reyes Cristianos</a>, the monument to the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Monarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Monarchs">Catholic Monarchs</a> and Christopher Columbus. </p><p>There are also several sculptures in plazas of the Old Town. In the central Plaza de las Tendillas is the equestrian statue of <a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba">Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba</a>, in the Plaza de Capuchinos is the Cristo de los Faroles, in Plaza de la Trinidad is the statue of <a href="/wiki/Luis_de_G%C3%B3ngora" title="Luis de Góngora">Luis de Góngora</a>, in the Plaza del Cardenal Salazar is the bust of Ahmad ibn Muhammad abu Yafar al-Gafiqi, in the Plaza de Capuchinas is the statue to the bishop Osio, in Plaza del Conde de Priego is the monument to <a href="/wiki/Manolete" title="Manolete">Manolete</a> and the Campo Santo de los Mártires is a statue to <a href="/wiki/Al-Hakam_II" title="Al-Hakam II">Al-Hakam II</a> and the monument to the lovers. </p><p>In the Jardines de la Agricultura is the monument to the painter <a href="/wiki/Julio_Romero_de_Torres" title="Julio Romero de Torres">Julio Romero de Torres</a>, a bust by sculptor <a href="/wiki/Mateo_Inurria" title="Mateo Inurria">Mateo Inurria</a>, a bust of the poet <a href="/wiki/Julio_Aumente" title="Julio Aumente">Julio Aumente</a> and the sculpture dedicated to the gardener Aniceto García Roldán, who was killed in the park. Further south, in the Gardens of the Duke of Rivas, is a statue of writer and poet <a href="/wiki/%C3%81ngel_de_Saavedra,_3rd_Duke_of_Rivas" title="Ángel de Saavedra, 3rd Duke of Rivas">Ángel de Saavedra, 3rd Duke of Rivas</a> by sculptor <a href="/wiki/Mariano_Benlliure" title="Mariano Benlliure">Mariano Benlliure</a>. </p><p>In the Guadalquivir river, near the San Rafael Bridge is the Island of the sculptures, an artificial island with a dozen stone sculptures executed during the International Sculpture Symposium. Up the river, near the Miraflores bridge, is the "Hombre Río", a sculpture of a swimmer looking to the sky and whose orientation varies depending on the current. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bridges">Bridges</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Bridges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>San Rafael Bridge, consisting of eight arches of 25 m span and a length of 217 m. The width is between parapets, divided into 12 m of cobblestone for four circulations and two tiled concrete sidewalks. It was inaugurated on 29 April 1953 joining the Avenue Corregidor with Plaza de Andalucía. In January 2004 the plaques reading "His Excellency the Head of State and Generalissimo of all the Armies, Francisco Franco Bahamonde, opened this bridge of the Guadalquivir on 29 April 1953", which were on both sides of each of the entrances of the bridge, were removed.</li> <li>Andalusia Bridge, a suspension bridge.</li> <li><i>Puente de Miraflores</i>, known as "the rusty bridge". This bridge links the Street San Fernando and Ronda de Isasa with the Miraflores peninsula. It was designed by Herrero, Suárez and Casado and inaugurated on 2 May 2003. At first, in 1989, a proposal by architect-engineer <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Calatrava" title="Santiago Calatrava">Santiago Calatrava</a> was considered<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that would look like the Lusitania Bridge of <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9rida,_Spain" title="Mérida, Spain">Mérida</a>, but this was eventually discarded because its height would obscure the view of the Great Mosque.</li> <li>Autovía del Sur Bridge.</li> <li>Abbas Ibn Firnas Bridge, inaugurated in January 2011. It is part of the variant west of Córdoba.</li> <li><i>Puente del Arenal</i>, connecting Avenue Campo de la Verdad with the Recinto Ferial (fairground) of Córdoba.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gardens,_parks_and_natural_environments"><span id="Gardens.2C_parks_and_natural_environments"></span>Gardens, parks and natural environments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Gardens, parks and natural environments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain" title="Special:EditPage/Córdoba, Spain">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>Jardines de la Victoria. Within the gardens there are two newly renovated facilities, the old Caseta del Círculo de la Amistad, today Caseta Victoria, and the Kiosko de la música, as well as a small <a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">Modernist</a> fountain from the early 20th century. The northern section, called Jardines of <a href="/wiki/%C3%81ngel_de_Saavedra,_3rd_Duke_of_Rivas" title="Ángel de Saavedra, 3rd Duke of Rivas">Duque de Rivas</a>, features a pergola of neoclassical style, designed by the architect Carlos Sáenz de Santamaría; it is used as an exhibition hall and a café bar.</li> <li>Jardines de la Agricultura, located between the Jardines de la Victoria and the Paseo de Córdoba: it includes numerous trails that radially converge to a round square which has a fountain or pond. This is known as the duck pond, and, in the centre, has an island with a small building in which these animals live. Scattered throughout the garden are numerous sculptures such as the sculpture in memory of <a href="/wiki/Julio_Romero_de_Torres" title="Julio Romero de Torres">Julio Romero de Torres</a>, the sculpture to the composer <a href="/wiki/Julio_Aumente" title="Julio Aumente">Julio Aumente</a> and the bust of <a href="/wiki/Mateo_Inurria" title="Mateo Inurria">Mateo Inurria</a>. In the north is a <a href="/wiki/Rose_garden" title="Rose garden">rose garden</a> in form of a labyrinth.</li> <li>Parque de Miraflores, located on the south bank of the river <a href="/wiki/Guadalquivir" title="Guadalquivir">Guadalquivir</a>. It was designed by the architect Juan Cuenca Montilla as a series of terraces. Among other points of interest as the Salam and Miraflores Bridge and a sculpture by <a href="/wiki/Agust%C3%ADn_Ibarrola" title="Agustín Ibarrola">Agustín Ibarrola</a>.</li> <li>Parque Cruz Conde, located southwest of the city, is an open park and barrier-free park in <a href="/wiki/English_garden" class="mw-redirect" title="English garden">English gardens</a> style.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Paseo de Córdoba</i>. Located on the underground train tracks, it is a long tour of several km in length with more than 434,000 m<sup>2</sup>. The tour has numerous fountains, including six formed by a portico of falling water which form a waterfall to a pond with four levels. Integrated into the tour is a pond of water from the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman era</a>, and the building of the old train station of RENFE, now converted into offices of <a href="/wiki/Canal_Sur" title="Canal Sur">Canal Sur</a>.</li> <li>Jardines Juan Carlos I, in the Ciudad Jardín neighborhood. It is a fortress which occupies an area of about 12,500 square metres.</li> <li>Jardines del Conde de Vallellano, located on both sides of the avenue of the same name. It includes a large L-shaped pond with a capacity of 3,000 m<sup>3</sup> (105,944.00 cu ft) and archaeological remains embedded in the gardens, among which is a Roman cistern from the second half of the 1st century BC.</li> <li><i>Parque de la Asomadilla</i>, with a surface of 27 hectares, is the second largest park in Andalusia.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The park recreates a Mediterranean forest vegetation, such as hawthorn, pomegranate, hackberry, oak, olive, tamarisk, cypress, elms, pines, oaks and carob trees among others.</li> <li><i>Balcón del Guadalquivir</i>.</li> <li><i>Jardines de Colón</i>.</li> <li><i>Sotos de la Albolafia</i>. Declared Natural monument by the Andalusian Autonomous Government, it is located in a stretch of the Guadalquivir river from the Roman Bridge and the San Rafael Bridge, with an area of 21.36 hectares.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Host a large variety of birds and is an important point of migration for many birds.</li> <li><i>Parque periurbano Los Villares</i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Museums">Museums</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Museums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Magdalena_by_Julio_Romero_de_Torres.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Magdalena_by_Julio_Romero_de_Torres.JPG/170px-Magdalena_by_Julio_Romero_de_Torres.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Magdalena_by_Julio_Romero_de_Torres.JPG/255px-Magdalena_by_Julio_Romero_de_Torres.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Magdalena_by_Julio_Romero_de_Torres.JPG/340px-Magdalena_by_Julio_Romero_de_Torres.JPG 2x" data-file-width="646" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><i>Magdalena</i> by Julio Romero de Torres</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_and_Ethnological_Museum_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Archaeological and Ethnological Museum of Córdoba">Archaeological and Ethnological Museum of Córdoba</a> is a provincial museum located near the <a href="/wiki/Guadalquivir" title="Guadalquivir">Guadalquivir River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The museum was officially opened in 1867 and shared space with the <i>Museum of Fine Arts</i> until 1920. In 1960, the museum was relocated to the Renaissance Palace of Páez de Castillo where it remains to present day. The Archaeological and Ethnological Museum has eight halls which contain pieces from the middle to late Bronze Age, to Roman culture, Visigothic art, and Islamic culture.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Julio_Romero_de_Torres_Museum" title="Julio Romero de Torres Museum">Julio Romero de Torres Museum</a> is located next to the Guadalquivir and was opened in November 1931.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The home of <a href="/wiki/Julio_Romero_de_Torres" title="Julio Romero de Torres">Julio Romero de Torres</a>, has undergone many renovations and been turned into a museum and it has also been home to several other historical institutions such as the Archaeological Museum (1868-1917) and the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Fine_Arts_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of Fine Arts of Córdoba">Museum of Fine Arts</a>. Many of the works include paintings and motifs done by <a href="/wiki/Julio_Romero_de_Torres" title="Julio Romero de Torres">Julio Romero de Torres</a> himself.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Fine_Arts_Museum_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Fine Arts Museum of Córdoba">Fine Arts Museum of Córdoba</a> is located next to the Julio Romero de Torres Museum which it shares a courtyard with.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The building originally was for the old Hospital for Charity but after that the building went under many renovations and renewals to become the renaissance style building it is today.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Museum of Fine Arts contains many works from the baroque period, medieval renaissance art, work from the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries, drawings, mannerist art and other unique works.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Diocesan Museum is located in the <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Palace,_Cordoba" title="Episcopal Palace, Cordoba">Córdoba's Episcopal Palace</a> which was built upon the former Umayyad <i><a href="/wiki/Alc%C3%A1zar" title="Alcázar">alcázar</a></i>. The collection within houses many paintings, sculptures and furniture.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another museum within Córdoba are the <a href="/wiki/Caliphal_Baths" title="Caliphal Baths">Caliphal Baths</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Festivals">Festivals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Festivals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Typical_interior_patio_with_flowers_at_the_Patio_Festival_in_C%C3%B3rdoba,_Andaluc%C3%ADa,_Spain.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Typical_interior_patio_with_flowers_at_the_Patio_Festival_in_C%C3%B3rdoba%2C_Andaluc%C3%ADa%2C_Spain.jpg/220px-Typical_interior_patio_with_flowers_at_the_Patio_Festival_in_C%C3%B3rdoba%2C_Andaluc%C3%ADa%2C_Spain.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Typical_interior_patio_with_flowers_at_the_Patio_Festival_in_C%C3%B3rdoba%2C_Andaluc%C3%ADa%2C_Spain.jpg/330px-Typical_interior_patio_with_flowers_at_the_Patio_Festival_in_C%C3%B3rdoba%2C_Andaluc%C3%ADa%2C_Spain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Typical_interior_patio_with_flowers_at_the_Patio_Festival_in_C%C3%B3rdoba%2C_Andaluc%C3%ADa%2C_Spain.jpg/440px-Typical_interior_patio_with_flowers_at_the_Patio_Festival_in_C%C3%B3rdoba%2C_Andaluc%C3%ADa%2C_Spain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3276" data-file-height="4096" /></a><figcaption>Interior <i>patio</i> during the Courtyards Festival of Córdoba - World Heritage</figcaption></figure> <p>Tourism is especially intense in Córdoba during May as this month hosts three of the most important annual festivals in the city:<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i>Las Cruces de Mayo</i> (The May Crosses of Córdoba).<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This festival takes place at the beginning of the month. During three or four days, crosses of around 3m height are placed in many squares and streets and decorated with flowers and a contest is held to choose the most beautiful one. Usually there is regional food and music near the crosses.</li> <li><i>Los Patios de Córdoba</i> (The <a href="/wiki/Courtyards_Festival_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Courtyards Festival of Córdoba">Courtyards Festival of Córdoba</a> - World Heritage).<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This festival is celebrated during the second and third week of the month. Many houses of the historic center open their private patios to the public and compete in a contest. Both the architectonic value and the floral decorations are taken into consideration to choose the winners. It is usually very difficult and expensive to find accommodation in the city during the festival.</li> <li><i>La Feria de Córdoba</i> (The Fair of Córdoba).<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This festival takes place at the end of the month and is similar to the better known <a href="/wiki/Seville_Fair" title="Seville Fair">Seville Fair</a> with some differences, mainly that the Sevilla Fair has majority private <i>casetas</i> (tents run by local businesses), while the Córdoba Fair has majority public ones.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics_and_government">Politics and government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Politics and government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Local administration</dt></dl> <p>As of 2019<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Bellido" title="José María Bellido">José María Bellido Roche</a> (<a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(Spain)" title="People's Party (Spain)">PP</a>) is the mayor of Córdoba. </p><p>The City Council of Córdoba is divided into different areas: the Presidency; Human Resources, Management, Tax and Public Administration; City Planning, Infraestructure, and Environment; Social; and Development.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Council holds regular plenary sessions once a month, but can hold extraordinary plenary session to discuss issues and problems affecting the city.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Governing Board, chaired by the mayor, consists of four <a href="/wiki/United_Left_(Spain)" title="United Left (Spain)">IU</a> councillors, three of PSOE, and three non-elected members.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The municipal council consists of 29 members: 11 of <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(Spain)" title="People's Party (Spain)">PP</a>, 7 of PSOE, 4 of IU, 4 of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ganemos_C%C3%B3rdoba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ganemos Córdoba (page does not exist)">Ganemos Córdoba</a>, 2 of <a href="/wiki/Citizens_(Spanish_political_party)" title="Citizens (Spanish political party)">Ciudadanos</a> and 1 of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Uni%C3%B3n_Cordobesa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unión Cordobesa (page does not exist)">Unión Cordobesa</a>. </p> <table rules="all" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" style="margin:auto; border:1px solid #999; border-right:2px solid #999; border-bottom:2px solid #999;"> <caption style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em">List of mayors since the democratic elections of 1979 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Legislature</th> <th>Name</th> <th>Party </th></tr> <tr> <td align="right">1979–1983</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Julio_Anguita" title="Julio Anguita">Julio Anguita</a></td> <td style="background:#32cd32;"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Spain" title="Communist Party of Spain">PCE</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right" rowspan="2">1983–1987</td> <td>Julio Anguita (until 1 February 1986)</td> <td style="background:#32cd32;"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Spain" title="Communist Party of Spain">PCE</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Herminio Trigo</td> <td style="background:#32cd32;"><a href="/wiki/United_Left_(Spain)" title="United Left (Spain)">IU</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">1987–1991</td> <td>Herminio Trigo</td> <td style="background:#32cd32;"><a href="/wiki/United_Left_(Spain)" title="United Left (Spain)">IU</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right" rowspan="2">1991–1995</td> <td>Herminio Trigo</td> <td style="background:#32cd32;"><a href="/wiki/United_Left_(Spain)" title="United Left (Spain)">IU</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Manuel Pérez Pérez</td> <td style="background:#32cd32;"><a href="/wiki/United_Left_(Spain)" title="United Left (Spain)">IU</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">1995–1999</td> <td>Rafael Merino</td> <td style="background:#1e90ff;"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(Spain)" title="People's Party (Spain)">PP</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">1999–2003</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Aguilar" title="Rosa Aguilar">Rosa Aguilar</a></td> <td style="background:#32cd32;"><a href="/wiki/United_Left_(Spain)" title="United Left (Spain)">IU</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">2003–2007</td> <td>Rosa Aguilar</td> <td style="background:#32cd32;"><a href="/wiki/United_Left_(Spain)" title="United Left (Spain)">IU</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right" rowspan="2">2007–2011</td> <td>Rosa Aguilar (until 23 April 2009)</td> <td style="background:#32cd32;"><a href="/wiki/United_Left_(Spain)" title="United Left (Spain)">IU</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Oca%C3%B1a" title="Andrés Ocaña">Andrés Ocaña</a></td> <td style="background:#32cd32;"><a href="/wiki/United_Left_(Spain)" title="United Left (Spain)">IU</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">2011–2015</td> <td>José Antonio Nieto</td> <td style="background:#1e90ff;"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(Spain)" title="People's Party (Spain)">PP</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">2015−2019</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Isabel_Ambrosio" title="Isabel Ambrosio">Isabel Ambrosio</a></td> <td style="background:#EE1C25;"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Socialist_Workers%27_Party" title="Spanish Socialist Workers' Party">PSOE</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">2019−</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Bellido" title="José María Bellido">José María Bellido</a></td> <td style="background:#1e90ff;"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(Spain)" title="People's Party (Spain)">PP</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <dl><dt>Administrative divisions</dt></dl> <p>As of July 2008, the city is divided into 10 administrative districts, coordinated by the Municipal district boards, which in turn are subdivided into neighbourhoods: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#efefef;"> <th style="width:150px;">District </th> <th style="width:150px;">District </th> <th style="width:200px;">Location </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Centro_district_(C%C3%B3rdoba)" class="mw-redirect" title="Centro district (Córdoba)">Centro</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poniente-Sur_district_(C%C3%B3rdoba)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poniente-Sur district (Córdoba) (page does not exist)">Poniente-Sur</a> </td> <td rowspan="5"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Distritos_de_C%C3%B3rdoba.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Distritos_de_C%C3%B3rdoba.svg/100px-Distritos_de_C%C3%B3rdoba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Distritos_de_C%C3%B3rdoba.svg/150px-Distritos_de_C%C3%B3rdoba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Distritos_de_C%C3%B3rdoba.svg/200px-Distritos_de_C%C3%B3rdoba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1601" data-file-height="2052" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Levante_district_(C%C3%B3rdoba)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Levante district (Córdoba) (page does not exist)">Levante</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sur_district_(C%C3%B3rdoba)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sur district (Córdoba) (page does not exist)">Sur</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noroeste_district_(C%C3%B3rdoba)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Noroeste district (Córdoba) (page does not exist)">Noroeste</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sureste_district_(C%C3%B3rdoba)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sureste district (Córdoba) (page does not exist)">Sureste</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norte-Sierra_district_(C%C3%B3rdoba)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norte-Sierra district (Córdoba) (page does not exist)">Norte-Sierra</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periurbano_Este-Campi%C3%B1a_district_(C%C3%B3rdoba)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Periurbano Este-Campiña district (Córdoba) (page does not exist)">Periurbano Este-Campiña</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poniente-Norte_district_(C%C3%B3rdoba)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poniente-Norte district (Córdoba) (page does not exist)">Poniente-Norte</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periurbano_Oeste-Sierra_district_(C%C3%B3rdoba)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Periurbano Oeste-Sierra district (Córdoba) (page does not exist)">Periurbano Oeste-Sierra</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain" title="Special:EditPage/Córdoba, Spain">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Muhammad_ibn_Musa_al-Razi" title="Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Musa al-Razi">Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Musa al-Razi</a>, historian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_as-Saffar" title="Ibn as-Saffar">Ibn as-Saffar</a>, astronomer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Samh" title="Ibn al-Samh">Ibn al-Samh</a>, astronomer and mathematician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_Allah_al-Qaysi" title="Abd Allah al-Qaysi">Abd Allah al-Qaysi</a> – Islamic jurist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Zahrawi" title="Al-Zahrawi">Abu al-Qasim Zahrawi</a> – Islamic surgeon and physician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicente_Amigo" title="Vicente Amigo">Vicente Amigo</a> – <a href="/wiki/Flamenco" title="Flamenco">Flamenco</a> artist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Averroes" title="Averroes">Averroes</a> – Islamic philosopher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Cort%C3%A9s" title="Joaquín Cortés">Joaquín Cortés</a> – <a href="/wiki/Flamenco" title="Flamenco">Flamenco</a> artist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabi_Delgado-L%C3%B3pez" title="Gabi Delgado-López">Gabi Delgado-López</a> – musician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Fern%C3%A1ndez_D%C3%ADaz" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonio Fernández Díaz">Fosforito</a> – <a href="/wiki/Flamenco" title="Flamenco">Flamenco</a> artist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roc%C3%ADo_G%C3%A1lvez" title="Rocío Gálvez">Rocío Gálvez</a> – footballer for <a href="/wiki/Spain_women%27s_national_football_team" title="Spain women's national football team">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_de_G%C3%B3ngora" title="Luis de Góngora">Luis de Góngora</a> – Renaissance-era poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hazm" title="Ibn Hazm">Ibn Hazm</a> – Islamic theologian and jurist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Ma%E1%B8%8D%C4%81%CA%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Maḍāʾ">Ibn Maḍāʾ</a> – Islamic linguist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_Martinez" class="mw-redirect" title="India Martinez">India Martinez</a> – flamenco and pop singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucan_(poet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucan (poet)">Lucan</a> – Roman poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maimonides" title="Maimonides">Maimonides</a> – Jewish philosopher and rabbi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manolete" title="Manolete">Manolete</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bullfighter" title="Bullfighter">matador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_of_Soure" title="Martin of Soure">Martin of Soure</a> – Portuguese captive canon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Mena" title="Juan de Mena">Juan de Mena</a> – Medieval poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundhir_bin_Sa%27%C4%ABd_al-Ball%C5%AB%E1%B9%AD%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mundhir bin Sa'īd al-Ballūṭī">Mundhir bin Sa'īd al-Ballūṭī</a> – Islamic jurist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paco_Pe%C3%B1a" title="Paco Peña">Paco Peña</a> – <a href="/wiki/Flamenco" title="Flamenco">Flamenco</a> artist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qurtubi" title="Al-Qurtubi">al-Qurtubi</a> – jurist of the <a href="/wiki/Maliki" class="mw-redirect" title="Maliki">Maliki</a> <a href="/wiki/Madhhab" title="Madhhab">school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanca_del_Rey" title="Blanca del Rey">Blanca del Rey</a> – flamenco dancer and choreographer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julio_Romero_de_Torres" title="Julio Romero de Torres">Julio Romero de Torres</a> – painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Annaeus_Seneca" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucius Annaeus Seneca">Seneca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stoicism" title="Stoicism">Stoic</a> philosopher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Serrano_(Flamenco)" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan Serrano (Flamenco)">Juan Serrano</a> – <a href="/wiki/Flamenco" title="Flamenco">Flamenco</a> artist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Tejero" title="Fernando Tejero">Fernando Tejero</a> – actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hisae_Yanase" title="Hisae Yanase">Hisae Yanase</a> – artist<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ArcangelCordoba2Lega3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/ArcangelCordoba2Lega3.jpg/220px-ArcangelCordoba2Lega3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/ArcangelCordoba2Lega3.jpg/330px-ArcangelCordoba2Lega3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/ArcangelCordoba2Lega3.jpg/440px-ArcangelCordoba2Lega3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Segunda_Divisi%C3%B3n" title="Segunda División">Segunda División</a> match between <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba_Club_de_F%C3%BAtbol" class="mw-redirect" title="Córdoba Club de Fútbol">Córdoba C.F.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Club_Deportivo_Legan%C3%A9s" class="mw-redirect" title="Club Deportivo Leganés">C.D. Leganés</a> at Estadio Nuevo Arcángel, January 2016</figcaption></figure> <p>Córdoba's main sports team is its association football team, <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba_CF" title="Córdoba CF">Córdoba CF</a>, which plays in the Spanish <a href="/wiki/Segunda_Divisi%C3%B3n" title="Segunda División">LaLiga HyperMotion</a> following a brief one-season tenure in <a href="/wiki/La_Liga" title="La Liga">La Liga</a> during the 2014–15 season. Home matches are played at the <a href="/wiki/Estadio_Nuevo_Arc%C3%A1ngel" title="Estadio Nuevo Arcángel">Estadio Nuevo Arcángel</a>, which has 20,989 seats. </p><p>Córdoba also has a professional <a href="/wiki/Futsal" title="Futsal">futsal</a> team, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cordoba_Patrimonio_de_la_Humanidad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cordoba Patrimonio de la Humanidad (page does not exist)">Córdoba Patrimonio de la Humanidad</a>, which plays in the <a href="/wiki/Primera_Divisi%C3%B3n_de_Futsal" title="Primera División de Futsal">Primera División de Futsal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The local youth basketball club, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yos%C3%ADques%C3%A9_Basket&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yosíquesé Basket (page does not exist)">CD Cordobasket</a>, had a professional team which played in the <a href="/wiki/Liga_EBA" class="mw-redirect" title="Liga EBA">Liga EBA</a> for three seasons before going on hiatus in August 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The futsal team plays the majority of its home games at the 3,500 seat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palacio_Municipal_de_Deportes_Vista_Alegre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palacio Municipal de Deportes Vista Alegre (page does not exist)">Palacio Municipal de Deportes Vista Alegre</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rail">Rail</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Rail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba_railway_station" title="Córdoba railway station">Córdoba railway station</a> is connected by high speed trains to the following Spanish cities: <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, Barcelona, <a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1laga" title="Málaga">Málaga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a>. More than 20 trains per day connect the downtown area, in 54 minutes, with Málaga María Zambrano station, which provides interchange capability to destinations along the Costa del Sol, including <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1laga_Airport" title="Málaga Airport">Málaga Airport</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Airports">Airports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Airports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Córdoba has an airport, although there are no airlines operating commercial flights on it. The closest airports to the city are <a href="/wiki/Seville_Airport" title="Seville Airport">Seville Airport</a> (110 km as the crow flies), <a href="/wiki/Granada_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Granada Airport">Granada Airport</a> (118 km) and Málaga Airport (136 km).<sup id="cite_ref-stations_147-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stations-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road">Road</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Road"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city is also well connected by highways with the rest of the country and Portugal. The <a href="/wiki/Autov%C3%ADa_A-45" title="Autovía A-45">A-45</a> and <a href="/wiki/Autov%C3%ADa_A-4" title="Autovía A-4">A-4</a> motorways serve the city. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Intercity_buses">Intercity buses</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Intercity buses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main bus station is located next to the train station. Several bus companies operate <a href="/wiki/Intercity_bus_service" title="Intercity bus service">intercity bus services</a> to and from Córdoba.<sup id="cite_ref-stations_147-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stations-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 282.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:C%C3%B3rdoba_Spain_Mezquita-Catedral-de-C%C3%B3rdoba-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Detail of columns in Mosque"><img alt="Detail of columns in Mosque" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/C%C3%B3rdoba_Spain_Mezquita-Catedral-de-C%C3%B3rdoba-01.jpg/421px-C%C3%B3rdoba_Spain_Mezquita-Catedral-de-C%C3%B3rdoba-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="281" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/C%C3%B3rdoba_Spain_Mezquita-Catedral-de-C%C3%B3rdoba-01.jpg/632px-C%C3%B3rdoba_Spain_Mezquita-Catedral-de-C%C3%B3rdoba-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/C%C3%B3rdoba_Spain_Mezquita-Catedral-de-C%C3%B3rdoba-01.jpg/842px-C%C3%B3rdoba_Spain_Mezquita-Catedral-de-C%C3%B3rdoba-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2285" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Detail of columns in Mosque</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 226.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 224.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:C%C3%B3rdoba_-_Mezquita-Catedral_-_Interior_-_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Center dome of the Mosque"><img alt="Center dome of the Mosque" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/C%C3%B3rdoba_-_Mezquita-Catedral_-_Interior_-_03.jpg/337px-C%C3%B3rdoba_-_Mezquita-Catedral_-_Interior_-_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/C%C3%B3rdoba_-_Mezquita-Catedral_-_Interior_-_03.jpg/507px-C%C3%B3rdoba_-_Mezquita-Catedral_-_Interior_-_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/C%C3%B3rdoba_-_Mezquita-Catedral_-_Interior_-_03.jpg/675px-C%C3%B3rdoba_-_Mezquita-Catedral_-_Interior_-_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6679" data-file-height="4456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Center dome of the Mosque</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 114.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 112.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WLM14ES_-_15102009_113439_CRDB_0007_-_.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hospital de San Sebastián"><img alt="Hospital de San Sebastián" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/WLM14ES_-_15102009_113439_CRDB_0007_-_.jpg/169px-WLM14ES_-_15102009_113439_CRDB_0007_-_.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/WLM14ES_-_15102009_113439_CRDB_0007_-_.jpg/253px-WLM14ES_-_15102009_113439_CRDB_0007_-_.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/WLM14ES_-_15102009_113439_CRDB_0007_-_.jpg/337px-WLM14ES_-_15102009_113439_CRDB_0007_-_.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Hospital_de_San_Sebasti%C3%A1n" title="Hospital de San Sebastián">Hospital de San Sebastián</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 257.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 255.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Capilla_Mud%C3%A9jar_de_San_Bartolom%C3%A9_in_der_Calle_Averroes,_C%C3%B3rdoba_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="(Christian) Capilla de San Bartolomé (c. 1410[148])"><img alt="(Christian) Capilla de San Bartolomé (c. 1410[148])" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Capilla_Mud%C3%A9jar_de_San_Bartolom%C3%A9_in_der_Calle_Averroes%2C_C%C3%B3rdoba_-_panoramio.jpg/383px-Capilla_Mud%C3%A9jar_de_San_Bartolom%C3%A9_in_der_Calle_Averroes%2C_C%C3%B3rdoba_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="256" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Capilla_Mud%C3%A9jar_de_San_Bartolom%C3%A9_in_der_Calle_Averroes%2C_C%C3%B3rdoba_-_panoramio.jpg/575px-Capilla_Mud%C3%A9jar_de_San_Bartolom%C3%A9_in_der_Calle_Averroes%2C_C%C3%B3rdoba_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Capilla_Mud%C3%A9jar_de_San_Bartolom%C3%A9_in_der_Calle_Averroes%2C_C%C3%B3rdoba_-_panoramio.jpg/766px-Capilla_Mud%C3%A9jar_de_San_Bartolom%C3%A9_in_der_Calle_Averroes%2C_C%C3%B3rdoba_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3823" data-file-height="2248" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">(Christian) <a href="/wiki/San_Bartolom%C3%A9,_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="San Bartolomé, Córdoba">Capilla de San Bartolomé</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1410</span><sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:West_wall_of_the_Synagogue_of_C%C3%B3rdoba.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Córdoba Synagogue"><img alt="Córdoba Synagogue" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/West_wall_of_the_Synagogue_of_C%C3%B3rdoba.JPG/300px-West_wall_of_the_Synagogue_of_C%C3%B3rdoba.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/West_wall_of_the_Synagogue_of_C%C3%B3rdoba.JPG/451px-West_wall_of_the_Synagogue_of_C%C3%B3rdoba.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/West_wall_of_the_Synagogue_of_C%C3%B3rdoba.JPG/600px-West_wall_of_the_Synagogue_of_C%C3%B3rdoba.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba_Synagogue" title="Córdoba Synagogue">Córdoba Synagogue</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cordoba-6_(48026780817).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gardens of the Alcázar de los Reyes Cristianos"><img alt="Gardens of the Alcázar de los Reyes Cristianos" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Cordoba-6_%2848026780817%29.jpg/300px-Cordoba-6_%2848026780817%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Cordoba-6_%2848026780817%29.jpg/451px-Cordoba-6_%2848026780817%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Cordoba-6_%2848026780817%29.jpg/600px-Cordoba-6_%2848026780817%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4190" data-file-height="3143" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Gardens of the <a href="/wiki/Alc%C3%A1zar_de_los_Reyes_Cristianos" title="Alcázar de los Reyes Cristianos">Alcázar de los Reyes Cristianos</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 214.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 212.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gardens_of_the_Alc%C3%A1zar_de_los_Reyes_Cristianos._C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Alcazar Gardens"><img alt="Alcazar Gardens" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Gardens_of_the_Alc%C3%A1zar_de_los_Reyes_Cristianos._C%C3%B3rdoba%2C_Spain.jpg/319px-Gardens_of_the_Alc%C3%A1zar_de_los_Reyes_Cristianos._C%C3%B3rdoba%2C_Spain.jpg" decoding="async" width="213" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Gardens_of_the_Alc%C3%A1zar_de_los_Reyes_Cristianos._C%C3%B3rdoba%2C_Spain.jpg/479px-Gardens_of_the_Alc%C3%A1zar_de_los_Reyes_Cristianos._C%C3%B3rdoba%2C_Spain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Gardens_of_the_Alc%C3%A1zar_de_los_Reyes_Cristianos._C%C3%B3rdoba%2C_Spain.jpg/637px-Gardens_of_the_Alc%C3%A1zar_de_los_Reyes_Cristianos._C%C3%B3rdoba%2C_Spain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3965" data-file-height="2800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Alcazar Gardens</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 228px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 226px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mezquita_de_C%C3%B3rdoba_desde_el_aire_(C%C3%B3rdoba,_Espa%C3%B1a).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mosque–Cathedral"><img alt="Mosque–Cathedral" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Mezquita_de_C%C3%B3rdoba_desde_el_aire_%28C%C3%B3rdoba%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%29.jpg/339px-Mezquita_de_C%C3%B3rdoba_desde_el_aire_%28C%C3%B3rdoba%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Mezquita_de_C%C3%B3rdoba_desde_el_aire_%28C%C3%B3rdoba%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%29.jpg/509px-Mezquita_de_C%C3%B3rdoba_desde_el_aire_%28C%C3%B3rdoba%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Mezquita_de_C%C3%B3rdoba_desde_el_aire_%28C%C3%B3rdoba%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%29.jpg/678px-Mezquita_de_C%C3%B3rdoba_desde_el_aire_%28C%C3%B3rdoba%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mosque–Cathedral</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 114.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 112.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cordoba-26_(48026769537).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Street scene in Santa Maria, Córdoba"><img alt="Street scene in Santa Maria, Córdoba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Cordoba-26_%2848026769537%29.jpg/169px-Cordoba-26_%2848026769537%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Cordoba-26_%2848026769537%29.jpg/253px-Cordoba-26_%2848026769537%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Cordoba-26_%2848026769537%29.jpg/337px-Cordoba-26_%2848026769537%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Street scene in Santa Maria, Córdoba</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mezquita-Catedral_y_Puente_Romano,_C%C3%B3rdoba_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Roman bridge of Córdoba"><img alt="Roman bridge of Córdoba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Mezquita-Catedral_y_Puente_Romano%2C_C%C3%B3rdoba_-_panoramio.jpg/338px-Mezquita-Catedral_y_Puente_Romano%2C_C%C3%B3rdoba_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Mezquita-Catedral_y_Puente_Romano%2C_C%C3%B3rdoba_-_panoramio.jpg/507px-Mezquita-Catedral_y_Puente_Romano%2C_C%C3%B3rdoba_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Mezquita-Catedral_y_Puente_Romano%2C_C%C3%B3rdoba_-_panoramio.jpg/675px-Mezquita-Catedral_y_Puente_Romano%2C_C%C3%B3rdoba_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3652" data-file-height="2434" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Roman_bridge_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Roman bridge of Córdoba">Roman bridge of Córdoba</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Riverfront_Viewed_from_Puente_Romano_-_Cordoba_-_Spain.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Riverfront viewed from Puente Romano, Córdoba"><img alt="Riverfront viewed from Puente Romano, Córdoba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Riverfront_Viewed_from_Puente_Romano_-_Cordoba_-_Spain.jpg/338px-Riverfront_Viewed_from_Puente_Romano_-_Cordoba_-_Spain.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Riverfront_Viewed_from_Puente_Romano_-_Cordoba_-_Spain.jpg/507px-Riverfront_Viewed_from_Puente_Romano_-_Cordoba_-_Spain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Riverfront_Viewed_from_Puente_Romano_-_Cordoba_-_Spain.jpg/675px-Riverfront_Viewed_from_Puente_Romano_-_Cordoba_-_Spain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Riverfront viewed from Puente Romano, Córdoba</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Templo_romano_de_C%C3%B3rdoba_(Espa%C3%B1a).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Roman temple of Córdoba"><img alt="Roman temple of Córdoba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Templo_romano_de_C%C3%B3rdoba_%28Espa%C3%B1a%29.jpg/300px-Templo_romano_de_C%C3%B3rdoba_%28Espa%C3%B1a%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Templo_romano_de_C%C3%B3rdoba_%28Espa%C3%B1a%29.jpg/451px-Templo_romano_de_C%C3%B3rdoba_%28Espa%C3%B1a%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Templo_romano_de_C%C3%B3rdoba_%28Espa%C3%B1a%29.jpg/600px-Templo_romano_de_C%C3%B3rdoba_%28Espa%C3%B1a%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Roman_temple_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Roman temple of Córdoba">Roman temple of Córdoba</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 208.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 206.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cordoba_-_Iglesia_de_San_Nicolas_de_la_Villa_-_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Church of San Nicolás de la Villa"><img alt="Church of San Nicolás de la Villa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Cordoba_-_Iglesia_de_San_Nicolas_de_la_Villa_-_01.jpg/310px-Cordoba_-_Iglesia_de_San_Nicolas_de_la_Villa_-_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="207" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Cordoba_-_Iglesia_de_San_Nicolas_de_la_Villa_-_01.jpg/466px-Cordoba_-_Iglesia_de_San_Nicolas_de_la_Villa_-_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Cordoba_-_Iglesia_de_San_Nicolas_de_la_Villa_-_01.jpg/620px-Cordoba_-_Iglesia_de_San_Nicolas_de_la_Villa_-_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4417" data-file-height="3206" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/San_Nicol%C3%A1s_de_la_Villa" title="San Nicolás de la Villa">Church of San Nicolás de la Villa</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 240px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 238px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seneca_at_the_Puerta_de_Almod%C3%B3var_-_C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain_-_DSC07075.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Statue of Seneca the Younger by the Puerta de Almodóvar [es]"><img alt="Statue of Seneca the Younger by the Puerta de Almodóvar [es]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Seneca_at_the_Puerta_de_Almod%C3%B3var_-_C%C3%B3rdoba%2C_Spain_-_DSC07075.JPG/357px-Seneca_at_the_Puerta_de_Almod%C3%B3var_-_C%C3%B3rdoba%2C_Spain_-_DSC07075.JPG" decoding="async" width="238" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Seneca_at_the_Puerta_de_Almod%C3%B3var_-_C%C3%B3rdoba%2C_Spain_-_DSC07075.JPG/536px-Seneca_at_the_Puerta_de_Almod%C3%B3var_-_C%C3%B3rdoba%2C_Spain_-_DSC07075.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Seneca_at_the_Puerta_de_Almod%C3%B3var_-_C%C3%B3rdoba%2C_Spain_-_DSC07075.JPG/714px-Seneca_at_the_Puerta_de_Almod%C3%B3var_-_C%C3%B3rdoba%2C_Spain_-_DSC07075.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5172" data-file-height="3262" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Statue of <a href="/wiki/Seneca_the_Younger" title="Seneca the Younger">Seneca the Younger</a> by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Puerta_de_Almod%C3%B3var&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Puerta de Almodóvar (page does not exist)">Puerta de Almodóvar</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerta_de_Almod%C3%B3var" class="extiw" title="es:Puerta de Almodóvar">es</a>]</span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 226.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 224.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:C%C3%B3rdoba_-_Palacio_de_Viana_-_05-PC.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Viana Palace"><img alt="Viana Palace" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/C%C3%B3rdoba_-_Palacio_de_Viana_-_05-PC.jpg/337px-C%C3%B3rdoba_-_Palacio_de_Viana_-_05-PC.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/C%C3%B3rdoba_-_Palacio_de_Viana_-_05-PC.jpg/507px-C%C3%B3rdoba_-_Palacio_de_Viana_-_05-PC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/C%C3%B3rdoba_-_Palacio_de_Viana_-_05-PC.jpg/675px-C%C3%B3rdoba_-_Palacio_de_Viana_-_05-PC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6171" data-file-height="4118" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Viana Palace</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Square_in_C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Square in Córdoba, Spain"><img alt="Square in Córdoba, Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Square_in_C%C3%B3rdoba%2C_Spain_2.JPG/300px-Square_in_C%C3%B3rdoba%2C_Spain_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Square_in_C%C3%B3rdoba%2C_Spain_2.JPG/451px-Square_in_C%C3%B3rdoba%2C_Spain_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Square_in_C%C3%B3rdoba%2C_Spain_2.JPG/600px-Square_in_C%C3%B3rdoba%2C_Spain_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Square in Córdoba, Spain</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 100.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 98.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:C%C3%B3rdoba_Spain.14_(18558092192).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Street in Córdoba, Spain"><img alt="Street in Córdoba, Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/C%C3%B3rdoba_Spain.14_%2818558092192%29.jpg/148px-C%C3%B3rdoba_Spain.14_%2818558092192%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="99" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/C%C3%B3rdoba_Spain.14_%2818558092192%29.jpg/223px-C%C3%B3rdoba_Spain.14_%2818558092192%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/C%C3%B3rdoba_Spain.14_%2818558092192%29.jpg/297px-C%C3%B3rdoba_Spain.14_%2818558092192%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2662" data-file-height="4032" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Street in Córdoba, Spain</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 102px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 100px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ben_Maim%C3%B3nides._C%C3%B3rdoba,_Espa%C3%B1a-eue.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Statue of Ben Maimónides"><img alt="Statue of Ben Maimónides" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Ben_Maim%C3%B3nides._C%C3%B3rdoba%2C_Espa%C3%B1a-eue.jpg/150px-Ben_Maim%C3%B3nides._C%C3%B3rdoba%2C_Espa%C3%B1a-eue.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Ben_Maim%C3%B3nides._C%C3%B3rdoba%2C_Espa%C3%B1a-eue.jpg/225px-Ben_Maim%C3%B3nides._C%C3%B3rdoba%2C_Espa%C3%B1a-eue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Ben_Maim%C3%B3nides._C%C3%B3rdoba%2C_Espa%C3%B1a-eue.jpg/300px-Ben_Maim%C3%B3nides._C%C3%B3rdoba%2C_Espa%C3%B1a-eue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3671" data-file-height="5506" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Statue of Ben Maimónides</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Spain" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Spain">List of twin towns and sister cities in Spain</a></div> <p>Córdoba is <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">twinned</a> with:<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia"><img alt="Tunisia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kairouan" title="Kairouan">Kairouan</a>, Tunisia (1968)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan"><img alt="Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a>, Pakistan (1968)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Argentina" title="Córdoba, Argentina">Córdoba</a>, Argentina (1969)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><img alt="Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Veracruz" title="Córdoba, Veracruz">Córdoba</a>, Mexico (1980)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan"><img alt="Uzbekistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bukhara" title="Bukhara">Bukhara</a>, Uzbekistan (1983)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara" title="Western Sahara"><img alt="Western Sahara" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Smara" title="Smara">Smara</a>, Western Sahara (1987)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco"><img alt="Morocco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Fez,_Morocco" title="Fez, Morocco">Fez</a>, Morocco (1990)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba"><img alt="Cuba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Old_Havana" title="Old Havana">Old Havana</a>, Cuba (2000)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria"><img alt="Syria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>, Syria (2002)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a>, Spain (2004)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg" title="Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a>, Germany (2010)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/N%C3%AEmes" title="Nîmes">Nîmes</a>, France (2013)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Iqbal" title="Muhammad Iqbal">Muhammad Iqbal</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Diario_de_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Diario de Córdoba">Diario de Córdoba</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Mosque-Cathedral was listed as a World Heritage Site first in 1984 and this designation was extended to the rest of the historic centre in 1994.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Citations</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elmundo.es/espana/2019/06/15/5d04372dfc6c8332068b4585.html">"El mapa de las nuevas alcaldías 2019-2023"</a>. <i>El Mundo</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190615162225/https://www.elmundo.es/espana/2019/06/15/5d04372dfc6c8332068b4585.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Mundo&rft.atitle=El+mapa+de+las+nuevas+alcald%C3%ADas+2019-2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elmundo.es%2Fespana%2F2019%2F06%2F15%2F5d04372dfc6c8332068b4585.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anuario96-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Anuario96_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Anuario96_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ine.es/inebaseweb/pdfDispacher.do;jsessionid=CFB3D1D685F6DC619350CEA3234B44A3.inebaseweb03?td=145938">"Extensión superficial, altitud y población de hecho de las provincias, capitales y municipios de más de 20.000 habitantes. Península, Islas Baleares y Canarias"</a>. <i>Anuario 1996</i>. 1996. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180110175322/http://www.ine.es/inebaseweb/pdfDispacher.do;jsessionid=CFB3D1D685F6DC619350CEA3234B44A3.inebaseweb03?td=145938">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anuario+1996&rft.atitle=Extensi%C3%B3n+superficial%2C+altitud+y+poblaci%C3%B3n+de+hecho+de+las+provincias%2C+capitales+y+municipios+de+m%C3%A1s+de+20.000+habitantes.+Pen%C3%ADnsula%2C+Islas+Baleares+y+Canarias&rft.date=1996&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ine.es%2Finebaseweb%2FpdfDispacher.do%3Bjsessionid%3DCFB3D1D685F6DC619350CEA3234B44A3.inebaseweb03%3Ftd%3D145938&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><i>Municipal Register of Spain 2018</i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Statistics_Institute_(Spain)" title="National Statistics Institute (Spain)">National Statistics Institute</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Municipal+Register+of+Spain+2018&rft.pub=National+Statistics+Institute&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cordoban">"Cordoban"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200621072931/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cordoban">Archived</a> from the original on 21 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster&rft.atitle=Cordoban&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fcordoban&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/met_10r_3gdp/default/table?lang=en">"Gross domestic product (GDP) at current market prices by metropolitan regions"</a>. <i>ec.europa.eu</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230215185052/https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/met_10r_3gdp/default/table?lang=en">Archived</a> from the original on 15 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ec.europa.eu&rft.atitle=Gross+domestic+product+%28GDP%29+at+current+market+prices+by+metropolitan+regions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Feurostat%2Fdatabrowser%2Fview%2Fmet_10r_3gdp%2Fdefault%2Ftable%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/137374/Cordoba">Córdoba (conventional Cordova)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150428135540/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/137374/Cordoba">Archived</a> 28 April 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barton2009-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Barton2009_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarton2009" class="citation book cs1">Barton, Simon (30 June 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200726002002/https://books.google.com/books?id=AeAcBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA44#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>A History of Spain</i></a>. Macmillan International Higher Education. pp. 44–5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-137-01347-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-137-01347-7"><bdi>978-1-137-01347-7</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AeAcBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA44">the original</a> on 26 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Spain&rft.pages=44-5&rft.pub=Macmillan+International+Higher+Education&rft.date=2009-06-30&rft.isbn=978-1-137-01347-7&rft.aulast=Barton&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAeAcBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA44&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Venable1894-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Venable1894_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrancis_Preston_Venable1894" class="citation book cs1">Francis Preston Venable (1894). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fN9YAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA21"><i>A Short History of Chemistry</i></a>. Heath. p. 21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Short+History+of+Chemistry&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=Heath&rft.date=1894&rft.au=Francis+Preston+Venable&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfN9YAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHareirMbaye2011" class="citation book cs1">Hareir, Idris El; Mbaye, Ravane (10 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qVYT4Kraym0C&q=cordoba+surpassed+and+constantinople&pg=PA448"><i>The Spread of Islam Throughout the World</i></a>. UNESCO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789231041532" title="Special:BookSources/9789231041532"><bdi>9789231041532</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Spread+of+Islam+Throughout+the+World&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft.date=2011-04-10&rft.isbn=9789231041532&rft.aulast=Hareir&rft.aufirst=Idris+El&rft.au=Mbaye%2C+Ravane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqVYT4Kraym0C%26q%3Dcordoba%2Bsurpassed%2Band%2Bconstantinople%26pg%3DPA448&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Population-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Population_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Population_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJ._Bradford_De_Long_and_Andrei_Shleifer1993" class="citation cs2">J. Bradford De Long and Andrei Shleifer (October 1993), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180729053941/http://www.j-bradford-delong.net/pdf_files/Princes.pdf">"Princes and Merchants: European City Growth before the Industrial Revolution"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Journal_of_Law_and_Economics" title="The Journal of Law and Economics">The Journal of Law and Economics</a></i>, <b>36</b> (2): 671–702 [678], <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.164.4092">10.1.1.164.4092</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F467294">10.1086/467294</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:13961320">13961320</a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.j-bradford-delong.net/pdf_files/Princes.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 29 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2017</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Law+and+Economics&rft.atitle=Princes+and+Merchants%3A+European+City+Growth+before+the+Industrial+Revolution&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=671-702+678&rft.date=1993-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.164.4092%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A13961320%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F467294&rft.au=J.+Bradford+De+Long+and+Andrei+Shleifer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.j-bradford-delong.net%2Fpdf_files%2FPrinces.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aemet.es/en/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos?l=5402&k=and">"Standard climate values for Córdoba"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Agencia_Estatal_de_Meteorolog%C3%ADa" class="mw-redirect" title="Agencia Estatal de Meteorología">Agencia Estatal de Meteorología</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Standard+climate+values+for+C%C3%B3rdoba&rft.pub=Agencia+Estatal+de+Meteorolog%C3%ADa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aemet.es%2Fen%2Fserviciosclimaticos%2Fdatosclimatologicos%2Fvaloresclimatologicos%3Fl%3D5402%26k%3Dand&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeyboldOcaña_Jiménez1986" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Seybold, C.F. & Ocaña Jiménez, M. (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referenceworks.brill.com/search?q=%E1%B8%B2ur%E1%B9%ADuba&source=%2Fdb%2Feieo">"Ḳurṭuba"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/C._E._Bosworth" class="mw-redirect" title="C. E. Bosworth">Bosworth, C. E.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Emeri_Johannes_van_Donzel" class="mw-redirect" title="Emeri Johannes van Donzel">van Donzel, E.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lewis" title="Bernard Lewis">Lewis, B.</a> & <a href="/wiki/Charles_Pellat" title="Charles Pellat">Pellat, Ch.</a> (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopaedia_of_Islam#2nd_edition,_EI2" class="mw-redirect" title="The Encyclopaedia of Islam">The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition</a>. </i>Volume V:<i> Khe–Mahi</i>. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 509–512. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-07819-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-07819-2"><bdi>978-90-04-07819-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E1%B8%B2ur%E1%B9%ADuba&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+Second+Edition.+Volume+V%3A+Khe%E2%80%93Mahi&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=509-512&rft.pub=E.+J.+Brill&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-90-04-07819-2&rft.aulast=Seybold&rft.aufirst=C.F.&rft.au=Oca%C3%B1a+Jim%C3%A9nez%2C+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freferenceworks.brill.com%2Fsearch%3Fq%3D%25E1%25B8%25B2ur%25E1%25B9%25ADuba%26source%3D%252Fdb%252Feieo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHillenbrand1992" class="citation book cs1">Hillenbrand, Robert (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cbfORLWv1HkC&dq=cordoba+city+arabic+qurtuba&pg=PA112">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"The Ornament of the World": Medieval Córdoba as a Cultural Centre"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%22The+Ornament+of+the+World%22%3A+Medieval+C%C3%B3rdoba+as+a+Cultural+Centre&rft.btitle=The+Legacy+of+Muslim+Spain&rft.pages=112&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-90-04-09599-1&rft.aulast=Hillenbrand&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcbfORLWv1HkC%26dq%3Dcordoba%2Bcity%2Barabic%2Bqurtuba%26pg%3DPA112&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livescience.com/26831-neanderthals-died-earlier.html">"Neanderthals Died Out Earlier Than Thought"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Live_Science" title="Live Science">Live Science</a></i>. 4 February 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130702233946/http://www.livescience.com/26831-neanderthals-died-earlier.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Live+Science&rft.atitle=Neanderthals+Died+Out+Earlier+Than+Thought&rft.date=2013-02-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.livescience.com%2F26831-neanderthals-died-earlier.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HornblowerSpawforth2012-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HornblowerSpawforth2012_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HornblowerSpawforth2012_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HornblowerSpawforth2012_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeay2012" class="citation book cs1">Keay, Simon J. (29 March 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bVWcAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA374">"Corduba"</a>. In Hornblower, Simon; Spawforth, Antony; Eidinow, Esther (eds.). <i>The Oxford Classical Dictionary</i>. OUP Oxford. p. 374. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-954556-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-954556-8"><bdi>978-0-19-954556-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240925032638/https://books.google.com/books?id=bVWcAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA374#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Corduba&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Classical+Dictionary&rft.pages=374&rft.pub=OUP+Oxford&rft.date=2012-03-29&rft.isbn=978-0-19-954556-8&rft.aulast=Keay&rft.aufirst=Simon+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbVWcAQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA374&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVaquerizo,_D.Murillo,_J.2016" class="citation journal cs1">Vaquerizo, D.; Murillo, J. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publicaciones.ucuenca.edu.ec/ojs/index.php/estoa/article/view/1021/889">"The suburbs of Cordoba, Spain"</a>. <i>Estoa</i>. <b>5</b> (9): 37–60, esp. p. 40. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.18537%2Fest.v005.n009.04">10.18537/est.v005.n009.04</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10396%2F15641">10396/15641</a></span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200804212145/https://publicaciones.ucuenca.edu.ec/ojs/index.php/estoa/article/view/1021/889">Archived</a> from the original on 4 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Estoa&rft.atitle=The+suburbs+of+Cordoba%2C+Spain&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=37-60%2C+esp.+p.+40&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10396%2F15641&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.18537%2Fest.v005.n009.04&rft.au=Vaquerizo%2C+D.&rft.au=Murillo%2C+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublicaciones.ucuenca.edu.ec%2Fojs%2Findex.php%2Festoa%2Farticle%2Fview%2F1021%2F889&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://culturalinstitute.britishmuseum.org/asset-viewer/cordoba-treasure/_QF0AsYh3vFr1Q?hl=en">"Cordoba Treasure"</a>. <i>The British Museum</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240925032641/https://artsandculture.google.com/partner/the-british-museum">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+British+Museum&rft.atitle=Cordoba+Treasure&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fculturalinstitute.britishmuseum.org%2Fasset-viewer%2Fcordoba-treasure%2F_QF0AsYh3vFr1Q%3Fhl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pollini2012-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pollini2012_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPollini2012" class="citation book cs1">Pollini, John (20 November 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KJDV1USNxQ0C&pg=PA531"><i>From Republic to Empire: Rhetoric, Religion, and Power in the Visual Culture of Ancient Rome</i></a>. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 531. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8061-8816-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8061-8816-4"><bdi>978-0-8061-8816-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240925032638/https://books.google.com/books?id=KJDV1USNxQ0C&pg=PA531#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Republic+to+Empire%3A+Rhetoric%2C+Religion%2C+and+Power+in+the+Visual+Culture+of+Ancient+Rome&rft.pages=531&rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&rft.date=2012-11-20&rft.isbn=978-0-8061-8816-4&rft.aulast=Pollini&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKJDV1USNxQ0C%26pg%3DPA531&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Isaksen2008-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Isaksen2008_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIsaksen2008" class="citation journal cs1">Isaksen, Leif (21 March 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.16995%2Fdm.20">"The application of network analysis to ancient transport geography: A case study of Roman Baetica"</a>. <i>Digital Medievalist</i>. <b>4</b>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.16995%2Fdm.20">10.16995/dm.20</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1715-0736">1715-0736</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Digital+Medievalist&rft.atitle=The+application+of+network+analysis+to+ancient+transport+geography%3A+A+case+study+of+Roman+Baetica&rft.volume=4&rft.date=2008-03-21&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.16995%2Fdm.20&rft.issn=1715-0736&rft.aulast=Isaksen&rft.aufirst=Leif&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.16995%252Fdm.20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HornblowerSpawforth201291-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HornblowerSpawforth201291_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeay2012" class="citation book cs1">Keay, Simon J. (29 March 2012). Hornblower, Simon; Spawforth, Antony; Eidinow, Esther (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bVWcAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA91"><i>The Oxford Classical Dictionary</i></a>. OUP Oxford. pp. 91–92. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-954556-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-954556-8"><bdi>978-0-19-954556-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240925032638/https://books.google.com/books?id=bVWcAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA91#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Classical+Dictionary&rft.pages=91-92&rft.pub=OUP+Oxford&rft.date=2012-03-29&rft.isbn=978-0-19-954556-8&rft.aulast=Keay&rft.aufirst=Simon+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbVWcAQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA91&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Roth1994-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Roth1994_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoth1994" class="citation book cs1">Roth, Norman (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bHh5plYLhHEC&pg=PA7"><i>Jews, Visigoths, and Muslims in Medieval Spain: Cooperation and Conflict</i></a>. BRILL. p. 7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-09971-9" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-09971-9"><bdi>90-04-09971-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240925032750/https://books.google.com/books?id=bHh5plYLhHEC&pg=PA7#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jews%2C+Visigoths%2C+and+Muslims+in+Medieval+Spain%3A+Cooperation+and+Conflict&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=90-04-09971-9&rft.aulast=Roth&rft.aufirst=Norman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbHh5plYLhHEC%26pg%3DPA7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Doak2009-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Doak2009_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoak2009" class="citation book cs1">Doak, Robin S. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ptOrLFoRnM8C&pg=PA70"><i>Empire of the Islamic World</i></a>. Infobase Publishing. p. 70. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-0317-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-0317-4"><bdi>978-1-4381-0317-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240925032750/https://books.google.com/books?id=ptOrLFoRnM8C&pg=PA70#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Empire+of+the+Islamic+World&rft.pages=70&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4381-0317-4&rft.aulast=Doak&rft.aufirst=Robin+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DptOrLFoRnM8C%26pg%3DPA70&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Collins1995-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Collins1995_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Collins1995_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollins1995" class="citation book cs1">Collins, Roger (17 February 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SPQcHwAACAAJ"><i>The Arab Conquest of Spain: 710 - 797</i></a>. Wiley. pp. 42–43. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-631-19405-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-631-19405-7"><bdi>978-0-631-19405-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240925032639/https://books.google.com/books?id=SPQcHwAACAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Arab+Conquest+of+Spain%3A+710+-+797&rft.pages=42-43&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=1995-02-17&rft.isbn=978-0-631-19405-7&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSPQcHwAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBennison2016281-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBennison2016281_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBennison2016">Bennison 2016</a>, p. 281.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuichard2013" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Guichard" title="Pierre Guichard">Guichard, Pierre</a> (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.awraq.es/blob.aspx?idx=5&nId=87&hash=c0f21a00feda9892ddff3275ea63027c">"Córdoba, de la conquista musulmana a la conquista cristiana"</a>. <i>Awraq</i> (7). Casa Árabe: 5–24. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0214-834X">0214-834X</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210731075753/http://www.awraq.es/blob.aspx?idx=5&nId=87&hash=c0f21a00feda9892ddff3275ea63027c">Archived</a> from the original on 31 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Awraq&rft.atitle=C%C3%B3rdoba%2C+de+la+conquista+musulmana+a+la+conquista+cristiana&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=5-24&rft.date=2013&rft.issn=0214-834X&rft.aulast=Guichard&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.awraq.es%2Fblob.aspx%3Fidx%3D5%26nId%3D87%26hash%3Dc0f21a00feda9892ddff3275ea63027c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Callaghan1983" class="citation book cs1">O'Callaghan, Joseph F. (1983) [1975]. <i>A History of Medieval Spain</i>. <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_Press" title="Cornell University Press">Cornell University Press</a>. pp. 100–101. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-9264-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-9264-8"><bdi>978-0-8014-9264-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Medieval+Spain&rft.pages=100-101&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-8014-9264-8&rft.aulast=O%27Callaghan&rft.aufirst=Joseph+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuichard20139–10-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuichard20139–10_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGuichard2013">Guichard 2013</a>, pp. 9–10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:4_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDodds1992" class="citation book cs1">Dodds, Jerrilynn D. (1992). "The Great Mosque of Córdoba". In Dodds, Jerrilynn D. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metmuseum.org/art/metpublications/Al_Andalus_The_Art_of_Islamic_Spain"><i>Al-Andalus: The Art of Islamic Spain</i></a>. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. pp. 11–26. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0870996371" title="Special:BookSources/0870996371"><bdi>0870996371</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220531010719/https://www.metmuseum.org/art/metpublications/Al_Andalus_The_Art_of_Islamic_Spain">Archived</a> from the original on 31 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Great+Mosque+of+C%C3%B3rdoba&rft.btitle=Al-Andalus%3A+The+Art+of+Islamic+Spain&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=11-26&rft.pub=The+Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0870996371&rft.aulast=Dodds&rft.aufirst=Jerrilynn+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metmuseum.org%2Fart%2Fmetpublications%2FAl_Andalus_The_Art_of_Islamic_Spain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:02_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarrucandBednorz1992" class="citation book cs1">Barrucand, Marianne; Bednorz, Achim (1992). <i>Moorish architecture in Andalusia</i>. 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Princeton University Press. p. 150. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780691160863" title="Special:BookSources/9780691160863"><bdi>9780691160863</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Measure+of+Civilization%3A+How+Social+Development+Decides+the+Fate+of+Nations&rft.pages=150&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9780691160863&rft.au=Ian+Morris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Block_Friedman,_Kristen_Mossler_Figg2017" class="citation book cs1">John Block Friedman, Kristen Mossler Figg, ed. (2017). "Spain and Portugal: Trade and Commerce". <i>Routledge Revivals: Trade, Travel and Exploration in the Middle Ages (2000)</i>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fsmitha.com/h3/h08hispania.htm">the original</a> on 18 October 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Spain+from+the+6th+to+12th+Century+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsmitha.com%2Fh3%2Fh08hispania.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Amir Hussain, "Muslims, Pluralism, and Interfaith Dialogue", in <i>Progressive Muslims: On Justice, Gender, and Pluralism</i>, Omid Safi (ed.), p. 257 (Oneworld Publications, 2003).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Córdoba:_Historical_Overview-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Córdoba:_Historical_Overview_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Córdoba:_Historical_Overview_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131030021158/http://www.spainthenandnow.com/spanish-history/cordoba-historical-overview/default_41.aspx">"Córdoba: Historical Overview"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=C%C3%B3rdoba%3A+Historical+Overview&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spainthenandnow.com%2Fspanish-history%2Fcordoba-historical-overview%2Fdefault_41.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/history/spain_1.shtml">"Muslim Spain (711-1492)"</a>. BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170227151217/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/history/spain_1.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 27 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Muslim+Spain+%28711-1492%29&rft.pub=BBC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Freligion%2Freligions%2Fislam%2Fhistory%2Fspain_1.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilliot2018" class="citation book cs1">Gilliot, Claude (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=P-pGDwAAQBAJ&dq=al-mansur+cordoba+books+burned&pg=PT72">"Libraries"</a>. In Meri, Josef (ed.). <i>Routledge Revivals: Medieval Islamic Civilization (2006): An Encyclopedia - Volume II</i>. Routledge. p. 451. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-351-66813-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-351-66813-2"><bdi>978-1-351-66813-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240925032640/https://books.google.com/books?id=P-pGDwAAQBAJ&dq=al-mansur+cordoba+books+burned&pg=PT72#v=onepage&q=al-mansur%20cordoba%20books%20burned&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Libraries&rft.btitle=Routledge+Revivals%3A+Medieval+Islamic+Civilization+%282006%29%3A+An+Encyclopedia+-+Volume+II&rft.pages=451&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-351-66813-2&rft.aulast=Gilliot&rft.aufirst=Claude&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DP-pGDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dal-mansur%2Bcordoba%2Bbooks%2Bburned%26pg%3DPT72&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSafran2014" class="citation journal cs1">Safran, Janina M. (3 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/17546559.2014.925134">"The politics of book burning in al-Andalus"</a>. <i>Journal of Medieval Iberian Studies</i>. <b>6</b> (2): 148–168. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F17546559.2014.925134">10.1080/17546559.2014.925134</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1754-6559">1754-6559</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:153574149">153574149</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240925033200/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17546559.2014.925134">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medieval+Iberian+Studies&rft.atitle=The+politics+of+book+burning+in+al-Andalus&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=148-168&rft.date=2014-07-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A153574149%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1754-6559&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F17546559.2014.925134&rft.aulast=Safran&rft.aufirst=Janina+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%2F17546559.2014.925134&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennedy1996" class="citation book cs1">Kennedy, Hugh (1996). <i>Muslim Spain and Portugal: A Political History of al-Andalus</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781317870418" title="Special:BookSources/9781317870418"><bdi>9781317870418</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muslim+Spain+and+Portugal%3A+A+Political+History+of+al-Andalus&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9781317870418&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCatlos2018" class="citation book cs1">Catlos, Brian A. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xKBfDwAAQBAJ&dq=kingdoms+of+faith&pg=PP1"><i>Kingdoms of Faith: A New History of Islamic Spain</i></a>. New York: Basic Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780465055876" title="Special:BookSources/9780465055876"><bdi>9780465055876</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230922224337/https://books.google.com/books?id=xKBfDwAAQBAJ&dq=kingdoms+of+faith&pg=PP1">Archived</a> from the original on 22 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kingdoms+of+Faith%3A+A+New+History+of+Islamic+Spain&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9780465055876&rft.aulast=Catlos&rft.aufirst=Brian+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxKBfDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dkingdoms%2Bof%2Bfaith%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuichard201317-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuichard201317_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGuichard2013">Guichard 2013</a>, p. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuichard201317–18-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuichard201317–18_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGuichard2013">Guichard 2013</a>, pp. 17–18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuichard201318-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuichard201318_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuichard201318_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGuichard2013">Guichard 2013</a>, p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeinado_Santaella2012110-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeinado_Santaella2012110_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPeinado_Santaella2012">Peinado Santaella 2012</a>, p. 110.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeinado_Santaella2012" class="citation book cs1">Peinado Santaella, Rafael G. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=m5KQtWX0TTcC&pg=PA110">"El período andalusí (ss. VIII-XV)"</a>. In Peña Díaz, Manuel (ed.). <i>Breve historia de Andalucía</i>. Centro de Estudios Andaluces. p. 110. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-939926-1-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-939926-1-3"><bdi>978-84-939926-1-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240925033144/https://books.google.com/books?id=m5KQtWX0TTcC&pg=PA110#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=El+per%C3%ADodo+andalus%C3%AD+%28ss.+VIII-XV%29&rft.btitle=Breve+historia+de+Andaluc%C3%ADa&rft.pages=110&rft.pub=Centro+de+Estudios+Andaluces&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-84-939926-1-3&rft.aulast=Peinado+Santaella&rft.aufirst=Rafael+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dm5KQtWX0TTcC%26pg%3DPA110&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeinado_Santaella2012111-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeinado_Santaella2012111_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPeinado_Santaella2012">Peinado Santaella 2012</a>, p. 111.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spainthenandnow.com/spanish-history/10th-c-al-andalus-al-mansur/default_144.aspx">"10th C. Al-Andalus: Al-Mansur."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161008085451/http://www.spainthenandnow.com/spanish-history/10th-c-al-andalus-al-mansur/default_144.aspx">Archived</a> 8 October 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://users.ipfw.edu/jehle/deisenbe/Enc_of_Medieval_Iberia/homosexuality.pdf">Daniel Eisenberg, "Homosexuality" in <i>Medieval Iberia: An Encyclopedia</i>, ed. Michael Gerli (Routledge, 2003), 398.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160328011756/http://users.ipfw.edu/jehle/deisenbe/Enc_of_Medieval_Iberia/homosexuality.pdf">Archived</a> 28 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> and J. B. Bury, The Cambridge Medieval History vol 3 - Germany and the Western Empire (CreateSpace Independent Publishing, 2011), 378-379.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Meri2005-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Meri2005_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeri2005" class="citation book cs1">Meri, Josef W. (31 October 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H-k9oc9xsuAC&pg=PA176"><i>Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia</i></a>. Psychology Press. p. 176. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-96690-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-96690-0"><bdi>978-0-415-96690-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240925033144/https://books.google.com/books?id=H-k9oc9xsuAC&pg=PA176#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Islamic+Civilization%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=176&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2005-10-31&rft.isbn=978-0-415-96690-0&rft.aulast=Meri&rft.aufirst=Josef+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DH-k9oc9xsuAC%26pg%3DPA176&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuichard201319–20-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuichard201319–20_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGuichard2013">Guichard 2013</a>, pp. 19–20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrochoso_Sánchez2014" class="citation journal cs1">Frochoso Sánchez, Rafael (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/4764209.pdf">"Las monedas de los Banū Ŷahwar de Córdoba - 422 - 462 h. / 1031-1070d.C."</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>OMNI, Numismatic Journal</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2104-8363">2104-8363</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220322023901/https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/4764209.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 22 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=OMNI%2C+Numismatic+Journal&rft.atitle=Las+monedas+de+los+Ban%C5%AB+%C5%B6ahwar+de+C%C3%B3rdoba+-+422+-+462+h.+%2F+1031-1070d.C.&rft.date=2014&rft.issn=2104-8363&rft.aulast=Frochoso+S%C3%A1nchez&rft.aufirst=Rafael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdialnet.unirioja.es%2Fdescarga%2Farticulo%2F4764209.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPorres_Martín-Cleto1999" class="citation journal cs1">Porres Martín-Cleto, Julio (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://descargasarchivo.toledo.es/high.raw?id=0000022088&name=00000001.original.pdf&attachment=Tulaytula+%3A+revista+de+la+Asociaci%C3%B3n+de+Amigos+del+Toledo+Isl%C3%A1mico.+1999%2C+n.%C2%BA+4..pdf">"La Dinastía de los Banu Di L-Nun de Toledo"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Tulaytula</i>. <b>III</b> (4). Toledo: Asociación de Amigos del Toledo Islámico: 37–48. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200927100507/https://descargasarchivo.toledo.es/high.raw?id=0000022088&name=00000001.original.pdf&attachment=Tulaytula%20%3A%20revista%20de%20la%20Asociaci%C3%B3n%20de%20Amigos%20del%20Toledo%20Isl%C3%A1mico.%201999%2C%20n.%C2%BA%204..pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 27 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tulaytula&rft.atitle=La+Dinast%C3%ADa+de+los+Banu+Di+L-Nun+de+Toledo&rft.volume=III&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=37-48&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Porres+Mart%C3%ADn-Cleto&rft.aufirst=Julio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdescargasarchivo.toledo.es%2Fhigh.raw%3Fid%3D0000022088%26name%3D00000001.original.pdf%26attachment%3DTulaytula%2B%253A%2Brevista%2Bde%2Bla%2BAsociaci%25C3%25B3n%2Bde%2BAmigos%2Bdel%2BToledo%2BIsl%25C3%25A1mico.%2B1999%252C%2Bn.%25C2%25BA%2B4..pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoeña_del_Real2011" class="citation journal cs1">Coeña del Real, María Jesús (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archivos.csif.es/archivos/andalucia/ensenanza/revistas/csicsif/revista/pdf/Numero_41/MARIA_JESUS_COENA_DEL_REAL_02.pdf">"Los inicios de la hegemonía castellano-leonesa y la invasión almorávide"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Innovación y experiencias educativas</i> (41): 5. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1988-6047">1988-6047</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201129184905/https://archivos.csif.es/archivos/andalucia/ensenanza/revistas/csicsif/revista/pdf/Numero_41/MARIA_JESUS_COENA_DEL_REAL_02.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 29 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Innovaci%C3%B3n+y+experiencias+educativas&rft.atitle=Los+inicios+de+la+hegemon%C3%ADa+castellano-leonesa+y+la+invasi%C3%B3n+almor%C3%A1vide&rft.issue=41&rft.pages=5&rft.date=2011&rft.issn=1988-6047&rft.aulast=Coe%C3%B1a+del+Real&rft.aufirst=Mar%C3%ADa+Jes%C3%BAs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchivos.csif.es%2Farchivos%2Fandalucia%2Fensenanza%2Frevistas%2Fcsicsif%2Frevista%2Fpdf%2FNumero_41%2FMARIA_JESUS_COENA_DEL_REAL_02.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitre2008" class="citation book cs1">Mitre, Emilio (2008) [1979]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RgU8jGG-y2gC&pg=PA190"><i>La España medieval: sociedades, estados, culturas</i></a>. Tres Cantos: Ediciones Istmo. p. 190. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-7090-094-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-7090-094-5"><bdi>978-84-7090-094-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240925033145/https://books.google.com/books?id=RgU8jGG-y2gC&pg=PA190#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Espa%C3%B1a+medieval%3A+sociedades%2C+estados%2C+culturas&rft.place=Tres+Cantos&rft.pages=190&rft.pub=Ediciones+Istmo&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-84-7090-094-5&rft.aulast=Mitre&rft.aufirst=Emilio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRgU8jGG-y2gC%26pg%3DPA190&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCruz_Aguilar1994" class="citation journal cs1">Cruz Aguilar, Emilio de la (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/1200629.pdf">"El Reino Taifa de Segura"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Boletín del Instituto de Estudios Giennenses</i> (153): 388. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0561-3590">0561-3590</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190918175120/https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/1200629.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 18 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bolet%C3%ADn+del+Instituto+de+Estudios+Giennenses&rft.atitle=El+Reino+Taifa+de+Segura&rft.issue=153&rft.pages=388&rft.date=1994&rft.issn=0561-3590&rft.aulast=Cruz+Aguilar&rft.aufirst=Emilio+de+la&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdialnet.unirioja.es%2Fdescarga%2Farticulo%2F1200629.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMolina_López198641-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMolina_López198641_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMolina_López1986">Molina López 1986</a>, p. 41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMolina_López1986" class="citation journal cs1">Molina López, Emilio (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rua.ua.es/dspace/bitstream/10045/18048/1/Sharq%20Al-Andalus_03_05.pdf">"Por una cronología histórica sobre el Šarq Al-Andalus (s. XIII)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Sharq Al-Andalus</i> (3). Alicante: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Alicante" title="University of Alicante">Universidad de Alicante. Área de Estudios Árabes e Islámicos</a>: 41. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.14198%2FShAnd.1986.3.05">10.14198/ShAnd.1986.3.05</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0213-3482">0213-3482</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210201022335/https://rua.ua.es/dspace/bitstream/10045/18048/1/Sharq%20Al-Andalus_03_05.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 1 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sharq+Al-Andalus&rft.atitle=Por+una+cronolog%C3%ADa+hist%C3%B3rica+sobre+el+%C5%A0arq+Al-Andalus+%28s.+XIII%29&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=41&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.14198%2FShAnd.1986.3.05&rft.issn=0213-3482&rft.aulast=Molina+L%C3%B3pez&rft.aufirst=Emilio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frua.ua.es%2Fdspace%2Fbitstream%2F10045%2F18048%2F1%2FSharq%2520Al-Andalus_03_05.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMolina_López198643-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMolina_López198643_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMolina_López1986">Molina López 1986</a>, p. 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMolina_López198645-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMolina_López198645_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMolina_López1986">Molina López 1986</a>, p. 45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarcía_Sanjuán2016" class="citation book cs1">García Sanjuán, Alejandro (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312398201">"La conquista cristiana de Andalucía y el destino de la población musulmana (621-62 H/1224-64). La aportación de las fuentes árabes"</a>. In González Jiménez, Manuel; Sánchez Saus, Rafael (eds.). <i>Arcos y el nacimiento de la frontera andaluza (1264-1330)</i>. Seville: <a href="/wiki/Universidad_de_Sevilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Universidad de Sevilla">Universidad de Sevilla</a>; <a href="/wiki/Universidad_de_C%C3%A1diz" class="mw-redirect" title="Universidad de Cádiz">Universidad de Cádiz</a>. p. 43.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=La+conquista+cristiana+de+Andaluc%C3%ADa+y+el+destino+de+la+poblaci%C3%B3n+musulmana+%28621-62+H%2F1224-64%29.+La+aportaci%C3%B3n+de+las+fuentes+%C3%A1rabes&rft.btitle=Arcos+y+el+nacimiento+de+la+frontera+andaluza+%281264-1330%29&rft.place=Seville&rft.pages=43&rft.pub=Universidad+de+Sevilla%3B+Universidad+de+C%C3%A1diz&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Garc%C3%ADa+Sanju%C3%A1n&rft.aufirst=Alejandro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F312398201&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:8-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:8_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEcker2003" class="citation journal cs1">Ecker, Heather (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1523329">"The Great Mosque of Córdoba in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries"</a>. <i>Muqarnas</i>. <b>20</b>: 113–141. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F22118993-90000041">10.1163/22118993-90000041</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1523329">1523329</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230407144513/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1523329">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2022</span> – via JSTOR.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Muqarnas&rft.atitle=The+Great+Mosque+of+C%C3%B3rdoba+in+the+Twelfth+and+Thirteenth+Centuries&rft.volume=20&rft.pages=113-141&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F22118993-90000041&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1523329%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Ecker&rft.aufirst=Heather&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1523329&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_62-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_62-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBloomBlair2009" class="citation book cs1">Bloom, Jonathan M.; Blair, Sheila S. (2009). "Córdoba". <i>The Grove encyclopedia of Islamic art and architecture</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195309911" title="Special:BookSources/9780195309911"><bdi>9780195309911</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=C%C3%B3rdoba&rft.btitle=The+Grove+encyclopedia+of+Islamic+art+and+architecture&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780195309911&rft.aulast=Bloom&rft.aufirst=Jonathan+M.&rft.au=Blair%2C+Sheila+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGonzález_Jiménez2014" class="citation book cs1">González Jiménez, Manuel (2014). "Fernando III y la repoblación de Andalucía". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medievalistas.es/wp-content/uploads/attachments/00895.pdf"><i>La Península Ibérica en tiempos de Las Navas de Tolosa</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Madrid. p. 224. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-941363-8-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-941363-8-2"><bdi>978-84-941363-8-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201126214938/https://medievalistas.es/wp-content/uploads/attachments/00895.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 26 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Fernando+III+y+la+repoblaci%C3%B3n+de+Andaluc%C3%ADa&rft.btitle=La+Pen%C3%ADnsula+Ib%C3%A9rica+en+tiempos+de+Las+Navas+de+Tolosa&rft.place=Madrid&rft.pages=224&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-84-941363-8-2&rft.aulast=Gonz%C3%A1lez+Jim%C3%A9nez&rft.aufirst=Manuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedievalistas.es%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fattachments%2F00895.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMellado_Rodríguez2000" class="citation journal cs1">Mellado Rodríguez, Joaquín (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arbor.revistas.csic.es/index.php/arbor/article/view/1011">"El fuero de Córdoba: edición crítica y traducción"</a>. <i>Arbor</i>. <b>CLXVI</b> (654). Madrid: <a href="/wiki/Consejo_Superior_de_Investigaciones_Cient%C3%ADficas" class="mw-redirect" title="Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas">Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas</a>: 192. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3989%2Farbor.2000.i654.1011">10.3989/arbor.2000.i654.1011</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10396%2F7810">10396/7810</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0210-1963">0210-1963</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210201014952/http://arbor.revistas.csic.es/index.php/arbor/article/view/1011">Archived</a> from the original on 1 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arbor&rft.atitle=El+fuero+de+C%C3%B3rdoba%3A+edici%C3%B3n+cr%C3%ADtica+y+traducci%C3%B3n&rft.volume=CLXVI&rft.issue=654&rft.pages=192&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10396%2F7810&rft.issn=0210-1963&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3989%2Farbor.2000.i654.1011&rft.aulast=Mellado+Rodr%C3%ADguez&rft.aufirst=Joaqu%C3%ADn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farbor.revistas.csic.es%2Findex.php%2Farbor%2Farticle%2Fview%2F1011&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGonzález_Jiménez2001" class="citation journal cs1">González Jiménez, Manuel (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://idus.us.es/bitstream/handle/11441/82928/art_8.pdf?sequence=1">"Fernando III El Santo, legislador"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Boletín de la Real Academia Sevillana de Buenas Letras: Minervae Baeticae</i> (29): 115–116. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0214-4395">0214-4395</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210203030722/https://idus.us.es/bitstream/handle/11441/82928/art_8.pdf?sequence=1">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 3 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bolet%C3%ADn+de+la+Real+Academia+Sevillana+de+Buenas+Letras%3A+Minervae+Baeticae&rft.atitle=Fernando+III+El+Santo%2C+legislador&rft.issue=29&rft.pages=115-116&rft.date=2001&rft.issn=0214-4395&rft.aulast=Gonz%C3%A1lez+Jim%C3%A9nez&rft.aufirst=Manuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fidus.us.es%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F11441%2F82928%2Fart_8.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCabrera1995" class="citation book cs1">Cabrera, Emilio (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medievalistas.es/wp-content/uploads/attachments/00204.pdf">"Notas sobre la conquista y la organización territorial del reino de Córdoba en el siglo XIII"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Medievo Hispano. Estudios in memoriam del prof. Derek W. Lomax</i>. Madrid: Sociedad Española de Estudios Medievales. p. 91. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231109144811/https://medievalistas.es/wp-content/uploads/attachments/00204.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 9 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Notas+sobre+la+conquista+y+la+organizaci%C3%B3n+territorial+del+reino+de+C%C3%B3rdoba+en+el+siglo+XIII&rft.btitle=Medievo+Hispano.+Estudios+in+memoriam+del+prof.+Derek+W.+Lomax&rft.place=Madrid&rft.pages=91&rft.pub=Sociedad+Espa%C3%B1ola+de+Estudios+Medievales&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Cabrera&rft.aufirst=Emilio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedievalistas.es%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fattachments%2F00204.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECabrera199592–93-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECabrera199592–93_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCabrera1995">Cabrera 1995</a>, pp. 92–93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerrocal_BareaMartín_MorenoMontero_Rascón199224-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerrocal_BareaMartín_MorenoMontero_Rascón199224_68-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerrocal_BareaMartín_MorenoMontero_Rascón199224_68-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBerrocal_BareaMartín_MorenoMontero_Rascón1992">Berrocal Barea, Martín Moreno & Montero Rascón 1992</a>, p. 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlcántara_Valle201531–32-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlcántara_Valle201531–32_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAlcántara_Valle2015">Alcántara Valle 2015</a>, pp. 31–32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlcántara_Valle2015" class="citation journal cs1">Alcántara Valle, José María (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://idus.us.es/bitstream/handle/11441/36344/La%20guerra%20y%20la%20paz%20en%20la%20frontera%20de%20Granada%20durante%20el%20reinado%20de%20Alfonso%20X.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y">"La guerra y la paz en la frontera de Granada durante el reinado de Alfonso X"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Historia. Instituciones. Documentos</i>. <b>42</b> (42): 35–36. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.12795%2Fhid.2015.i42.01">10.12795/hid.2015.i42.01</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0210-7716">0210-7716</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231109144819/https://idus.us.es/bitstream/handle/11441/36344/La%20guerra%20y%20la%20paz%20en%20la%20frontera%20de%20Granada%20durante%20el%20reinado%20de%20Alfonso%20X.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 9 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Historia.+Instituciones.+Documentos&rft.atitle=La+guerra+y+la+paz+en+la+frontera+de+Granada+durante+el+reinado+de+Alfonso+X&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=42&rft.pages=35-36&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.12795%2Fhid.2015.i42.01&rft.issn=0210-7716&rft.aulast=Alc%C3%A1ntara+Valle&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9+Mar%C3%ADa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fidus.us.es%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F11441%2F36344%2FLa%2520guerra%2520y%2520la%2520paz%2520en%2520la%2520frontera%2520de%2520Granada%2520durante%2520el%2520reinado%2520de%2520Alfonso%2520X.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1%26isAllowed%3Dy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIbn_Abi_Zar’1972" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ibn Abi Zar’ (1972). <i>Rawd Al Qirtaas</i> (in Arabic). Darul Mansur. pp. 321–327.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rawd+Al+Qirtaas&rft.pages=321-327&rft.pub=Darul+Mansur&rft.date=1972&rft.au=Ibn+Abi+Zar%E2%80%99&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Callaghan2011" class="citation book cs1">O'Callaghan, Joseph F. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/794925519"><i>The Gibraltar crusade : Castile and the battle for the Strait</i></a>. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 73–75. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-0463-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-0463-6"><bdi>978-0-8122-0463-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/794925519">794925519</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240925033148/https://search.worldcat.org/title/794925519">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gibraltar+crusade+%3A+Castile+and+the+battle+for+the+Strait&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pages=73-75&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F794925519&rft.isbn=978-0-8122-0463-6&rft.aulast=O%27Callaghan&rft.aufirst=Joseph+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F794925519&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarcía_Fernández2009" class="citation journal cs1">García Fernández, Manuel (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://idus.us.es/bitstream/handle/11441/70483/AH25.pdf?sequence=1">"Los orígenes medievales del regionalismo andaluz: La Hermandad General de Andalucía (1295-1325)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Andalucía en la Historia</i>. <b>25</b>: 41. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231109144818/https://idus.us.es/bitstream/handle/11441/70483/AH25.pdf?sequence=1">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 9 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Andaluc%C3%ADa+en+la+Historia&rft.atitle=Los+or%C3%ADgenes+medievales+del+regionalismo+andaluz%3A+La+Hermandad+General+de+Andaluc%C3%ADa+%281295-1325%29&rft.volume=25&rft.pages=41&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Garc%C3%ADa+Fern%C3%A1ndez&rft.aufirst=Manuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fidus.us.es%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F11441%2F70483%2FAH25.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVidal_Castro" class="citation web cs1">Vidal Castro, Francisco. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbe.rah.es/biografias/6553/muhammad-iv">"Muhammad IV"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230129153825/https://dbe.rah.es/biografias/6553/muhammad-iv">Archived</a> from the original on 29 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Muhammad+IV&rft.aulast=Vidal+Castro&rft.aufirst=Francisco&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdbe.rah.es%2Fbiografias%2F6553%2Fmuhammad-iv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerrocal_BareaMartín_MorenoMontero_Rascón1992" class="citation journal cs1">Berrocal Barea, Francisco Javier; Martín Moreno, Juan José; Montero Rascón, Mª. Carmen (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://helvia.uco.es/bitstream/handle/10396/7063/dyo_berrocal.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y">"Notas Histórico-Jurídicas sobre la Edad Media en Córdoba"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Derecho y Opinión</i>. Córdoba: <a href="/wiki/University_of_C%C3%B3rdoba_(Spain)" title="University of Córdoba (Spain)">Universidad de Córdoba, Servicio de Publicaciones</a>: 29. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240925033154/https://helvia.uco.es/bitstream/handle/10396/7063/dyo_berrocal.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 25 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Derecho+y+Opini%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Notas+Hist%C3%B3rico-Jur%C3%ADdicas+sobre+la+Edad+Media+en+C%C3%B3rdoba&rft.pages=29&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Berrocal+Barea&rft.aufirst=Francisco+Javier&rft.au=Mart%C3%ADn+Moreno%2C+Juan+Jos%C3%A9&rft.au=Montero+Rasc%C3%B3n%2C+M%C2%AA.+Carmen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhelvia.uco.es%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F10396%2F7063%2Fdyo_berrocal.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1%26isAllowed%3Dy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVillar_Movellán1998102-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVillar_Movellán1998102_76-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVillar_Movellán1998102_76-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVillar_Movellán1998">Villar Movellán 1998</a>, p. 102.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFfgm847" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">fgm847. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.ual.es/ideimand/la-poblacion-andaluza-en-el-siglo-xviii/">"La población andaluza en el siglo XVIII"</a>. <i>Identidad e Imagen de Andalucía en la Edad Moderna</i> (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240925033152/http://www2.ual.es/ideimand/la-poblacion-andaluza-en-el-siglo-xviii/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Identidad+e+Imagen+de+Andaluc%C3%ADa+en+la+Edad+Moderna&rft.atitle=La+poblaci%C3%B3n+andaluza+en+el+siglo+XVIII&rft.au=fgm847&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.ual.es%2Fideimand%2Fla-poblacion-andaluza-en-el-siglo-xviii%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELópez_Serrano2017587-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELópez_Serrano2017587_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLópez_Serrano2017">López Serrano 2017</a>, p. 587.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELópez_Serrano2017589-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELópez_Serrano2017589_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLópez_Serrano2017">López Serrano 2017</a>, p. 589.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELópez_Serrano2017593–597-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELópez_Serrano2017593–597_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLópez_Serrano2017">López Serrano 2017</a>, pp. 593–597.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Thomas,_Baron_Thomas_of_Swynnerton" title="Hugh Thomas, Baron Thomas of Swynnerton">Thomas, Hugh</a> (2001). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/spanishcivilwar00thom_0"><i>The Spanish Civil War</i></a></span>. London: <a href="/wiki/Modern_Library" title="Modern Library">Modern Library</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/spanishcivilwar00thom_0/page/1096">1096</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780375755156" title="Special:BookSources/9780375755156"><bdi>9780375755156</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Spanish+Civil+War&rft.place=London&rft.pages=1096&rft.pub=Modern+Library&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9780375755156&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fspanishcivilwar00thom_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPonce_AlbercaGarcía_Bonilla200811-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPonce_AlbercaGarcía_Bonilla200811_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPonce_AlbercaGarcía_Bonilla2008">Ponce Alberca & García Bonilla 2008</a>, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPonce_AlbercaGarcía_Bonilla2008" class="citation book cs1">Ponce Alberca, Julio; García Bonilla, Jesús (2008). "Guerra y poder. Los gobernadores civiles en Andalucía (1936-1939)". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.centrodeestudiosandaluces.es/datos/factoriaideas/ifo14_08.pdf"><i>Guerra, Franquismo y Transición. Los gobernadores civiles en Andalucía (1936-1979)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Seville: Centro de Estudios Andaluces. p. 11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-691-6712-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-691-6712-0"><bdi>978-84-691-6712-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220216091325/https://www.centrodeestudiosandaluces.es/datos/factoriaideas/ifo14_08.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 16 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Guerra+y+poder.+Los+gobernadores+civiles+en+Andaluc%C3%ADa+%281936-1939%29&rft.btitle=Guerra%2C+Franquismo+y+Transici%C3%B3n.+Los+gobernadores+civiles+en+Andaluc%C3%ADa+%281936-1979%29&rft.place=Seville&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Centro+de+Estudios+Andaluces&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-84-691-6712-0&rft.aulast=Ponce+Alberca&rft.aufirst=Julio&rft.au=Garc%C3%ADa+Bonilla%2C+Jes%C3%BAs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.centrodeestudiosandaluces.es%2Fdatos%2Ffactoriaideas%2Fifo14_08.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2001252-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomas2001252_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThomas2001">Thomas 2001</a>, p. 252.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2001253-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomas2001253_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThomas2001">Thomas 2001</a>, p. 253.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2001254-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomas2001254_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThomas2001">Thomas 2001</a>, p. 254.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCobo_Romero2012" class="citation book cs1">Cobo Romero, Francisco (2012). "Las cifras de la violencia institucional y las mecánicas represivas del franquismo en Andalucía". In Cobo Romero, Francisco (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://w01.centrodeestudiosandaluces.es/actividades/sitios/archivos/1320864017462864577_CUADERNILLOTALLER.pdf"><i>La represión franquista en Andalucía: Balance historiográfico, perspectivas teóricas y análisis de resultados</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Centro de Estudios Andaluces. pp. 51–66. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788493992606" title="Special:BookSources/9788493992606"><bdi>9788493992606</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200927133123/http://w01.centrodeestudiosandaluces.es/actividades/sitios/archivos/1320864017462864577_CUADERNILLOTALLER.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 27 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Las+cifras+de+la+violencia+institucional+y+las+mec%C3%A1nicas+represivas+del+franquismo+en+Andaluc%C3%ADa&rft.btitle=La+represi%C3%B3n+franquista+en+Andaluc%C3%ADa%3A+Balance+historiogr%C3%A1fico%2C+perspectivas+te%C3%B3ricas+y+an%C3%A1lisis+de+resultados&rft.pages=51-66&rft.pub=Centro+de+Estudios+Andaluces&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9788493992606&rft.aulast=Cobo+Romero&rft.aufirst=Francisco&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fw01.centrodeestudiosandaluces.es%2Factividades%2Fsitios%2Farchivos%2F1320864017462864577_CUADERNILLOTALLER.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_88-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_88-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_88-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/313/">"Historic Centre of Cordoba"</a>. <i>UNESCO World Heritage Centre</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230719134114/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/313/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&rft.atitle=Historic+Centre+of+Cordoba&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F313%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssweb.seap.minhap.es/REL/frontend/inicio/municipios/1/13387">"Datos del Registro de Entidades Locales"</a>. Ministerio de Asuntos Económicos y Transformación Digital. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210203114934/https://ssweb.seap.minhap.es/REL/frontend/inicio/municipios/1/13387">Archived</a> from the original on 3 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Datos+del+Registro+de+Entidades+Locales&rft.pub=Ministerio+de+Asuntos+Econ%C3%B3micos+y+Transformaci%C3%B3n+Digital&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fssweb.seap.minhap.es%2FREL%2Ffrontend%2Finicio%2Fmunicipios%2F1%2F13387&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgueñoGuerrero_Lladós201419-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurgueñoGuerrero_Lladós201419_90-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBurgueñoGuerrero_Lladós2014">Burgueño & Guerrero Lladós 2014</a>, p. 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETorres_Márquez2013138-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETorres_Márquez2013138_91-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETorres_Márquez2013138_91-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETorres_Márquez2013138_91-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETorres_Márquez2013138_91-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTorres_Márquez2013">Torres Márquez 2013</a>, p. 138.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDomínguez_Bascón1995283-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDomínguez_Bascón1995283_92-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDomínguez_Bascón1995283_92-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDomínguez_Bascón1995283_92-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDomínguez_Bascón1995">Domínguez Bascón 1995</a>, p. 283.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFM._KottekJ._GrieserC._BeckB._Rudolf2006" class="citation journal cs1">M. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Meteorol.+Z.&rft.atitle=World+Map+of+the+K%C3%B6ppen-Geiger+climate+classification+updated&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=259-263&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1127%2F0941-2948%2F2006%2F0130&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2006MetZe..15..259K&rft.au=M.+Kottek&rft.au=J.+Grieser&rft.au=C.+Beck&rft.au=B.+Rudolf&rft.au=F.+Rubel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkoeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at%2Fpics%2Fkottek_et_al_2006.gif&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lasexta.com/viajestic/escapadas/ciudades-donde-hace-mas-calor-espana_2016071157ea513c0cf26658235dc177.html">"Las ciudades donde hace más calor de España"</a> (in Spanish). <a href="/wiki/La_Sexta" class="mw-redirect" title="La Sexta">La Sexta</a>. 14 July 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210728235157/https://www.lasexta.com/viajestic//escapadas/ciudades-donde-hace-mas-calor-espana_2016071157ea513c0cf26658235dc177.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Las+ciudades+donde+hace+m%C3%A1s+calor+de+Espa%C3%B1a&rft.pub=La+Sexta&rft.date=2016-07-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lasexta.com%2Fviajestic%2Fescapadas%2Fciudades-donde-hace-mas-calor-espana_2016071157ea513c0cf26658235dc177.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opendata.aemet.es/centrodedescargas/productosAEMET?">"AEMET OpenData"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Agencia_Estatal_de_Meteorologia" class="mw-redirect" title="Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia">Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240114162943/https://opendata.aemet.es/centrodedescargas/productosAEMET">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Agencia+Estatal+de+Meteorologia&rft.atitle=AEMET+OpenData&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopendata.aemet.es%2Fcentrodedescargas%2FproductosAEMET%3F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFaemetblog2018" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">aemetblog (9 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aemetblog.es/2018/08/09/por-que-el-valle-del-guadalquivir-es-la-sarten-de-espana/">"¿Por qué el valle del Guadalquivir es la «sartén» de España?"</a>. <i>Aemetblog</i> (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240114125820/https://aemetblog.es/2018/08/09/por-que-el-valle-del-guadalquivir-es-la-sarten-de-espana/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Aemetblog&rft.atitle=%C2%BFPor+qu%C3%A9+el+valle+del+Guadalquivir+es+la+%C2%ABsart%C3%A9n%C2%BB+de+Espa%C3%B1a%3F&rft.date=2018-08-09&rft.au=aemetblog&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faemetblog.es%2F2018%2F08%2F09%2Fpor-que-el-valle-del-guadalquivir-es-la-sarten-de-espana%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eldiario.es/andalucia/el_tiempo/valle-guadalquivir-lugares-habitados-calurosos-planeta_1_8269175.html">"Why is the Guadalquivir valley one of the hottest inhabited places on the planet? (In spanish)"</a>. <i>elDiario.es</i>. 4 September 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240109185226/https://www.eldiario.es/andalucia/el_tiempo/valle-guadalquivir-lugares-habitados-calurosos-planeta_1_8269175.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=elDiario.es&rft.atitle=Why+is+the+Guadalquivir+valley+one+of+the+hottest+inhabited+places+on+the+planet%3F+%28In+spanish%29&rft.date=2021-09-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eldiario.es%2Fandalucia%2Fel_tiempo%2Fvalle-guadalquivir-lugares-habitados-calurosos-planeta_1_8269175.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoya2022" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Moya, Miguel (4 August 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cordopolis.eldiario.es/el-tiempo/climatologia/julio-40-4-0c-record-media-mensual-maximas-cordoba-aeropuerto_1_9220032.html">"Julio a 40.4 °C: récord en la media mensual de las máximas de Córdoba Aeropuerto"</a>. <i>Cordópolis</i> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cord%C3%B3polis&rft.atitle=Julio+a+40.4+%C2%B0C%3A+r%C3%A9cord+en+la+media+mensual+de+las+m%C3%A1ximas+de+C%C3%B3rdoba+Aeropuerto&rft.date=2022-08-04&rft.aulast=Moya&rft.aufirst=Miguel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcordopolis.eldiario.es%2Fel-tiempo%2Fclimatologia%2Fjulio-40-4-0c-record-media-mensual-maximas-cordoba-aeropuerto_1_9220032.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aemet.es/es/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/efemerides_extremos*?w=0&k=and&l=5402&datos=det&x=5402&m=7&v=TMMA">"Córdoba Aeropuerto - Valores Extremos"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Agencia_Estatal_de_Meteorologia" class="mw-redirect" title="Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia">Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240119194840/https://www.aemet.es/es/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/efemerides_extremos*?w=0&k=and&l=5402&datos=det&x=5402&m=7&v=TMMA">Archived</a> from the original on 19 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Agencia+Estatal+de+Meteorologia&rft.atitle=C%C3%B3rdoba+Aeropuerto+-+Valores+Extremos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aemet.es%2Fes%2Fserviciosclimaticos%2Fdatosclimatologicos%2Fefemerides_extremos%2A%3Fw%3D0%26k%3Dand%26l%3D5402%26datos%3Ddet%26x%3D5402%26m%3D7%26v%3DTMMA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OGIMET-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OGIMET_100-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OGIMET_100-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?ind=08410&ano=2021&mes=8&day=15&hora=0&min=0&ndays=30">"08410: Cordoba / Aeropuerto (Spain)"</a>. <i>ogimet.com</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=OGIMET&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OGIMET (page does not exist)">OGIMET</a>. 14 August 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210815011305/https://www.ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?ind=08410&ano=2021&mes=8&day=15&hora=0&min=0&ndays=30">Archived</a> from the original on 15 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ogimet.com&rft.atitle=08410%3A+Cordoba+%2F+Aeropuerto+%28Spain%29&rft.date=2021-08-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ogimet.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Fgsynres%3Find%3D08410%26ano%3D2021%26mes%3D8%26day%3D15%26hora%3D0%26min%3D0%26ndays%3D30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aemet-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aemet_101-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aemet_101-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aemet.es/en/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/efemerides_extremos*?w=0&k=and&l=5402&datos=det&x=5402&m=13&v=todos">"Valores climatológicos extremos. Córdoba"</a> (in Spanish). Aemet.es. 30 November 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210227214843/http://www.aemet.es/en/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/efemerides_extremos*?w=0&k=and&l=5402&datos=det&x=5402&m=13&v=todos">Archived</a> from the original on 27 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Valores+climatol%C3%B3gicos+extremos.+C%C3%B3rdoba&rft.pub=Aemet.es&rft.date=2017-11-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aemet.es%2Fen%2Fserviciosclimaticos%2Fdatosclimatologicos%2Fefemerides_extremos%2A%3Fw%3D0%26k%3Dand%26l%3D5402%26datos%3Ddet%26x%3D5402%26m%3D13%26v%3Dtodos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aemet.es/es/datos_abiertos/AEMET_OpenData">"AEMET OpeenData"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Agencia_Estatal_de_Meteorologia" class="mw-redirect" title="Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia">Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240516100540/https://www.aemet.es/es/datos_abiertos/AEMET_OpenData">Archived</a> from the original on 16 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AEMET+OpeenData&rft.pub=Agencia+Estatal+de+Meteorologia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aemet.es%2Fes%2Fdatos_abiertos%2FAEMET_OpenData&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Spain/CSV/">"Seville Climate normals (only precipitation days, sunshine and humidity)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(CSV)</span>. <a href="/wiki/NOAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA">NOAA</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230827112150/https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Spain/CSV/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Seville+Climate+normals+%28only+precipitation+days%2C+sunshine+and+humidity%29&rft.pub=NOAA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nodc.noaa.gov%2Farchive%2Farc0216%2F0253808%2F1.1%2Fdata%2F0-data%2FRegion-6-WMO-Normals-9120%2FSpain%2FCSV%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcFetrich2022" class="citation book cs1">McFetrich, David (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y-VVEAAAQBAJ&dq=roman+bridge+cordoba&pg=PA205"><i>An Encyclopaedia of World Bridges</i></a>. Pen and Sword Transport. p. 205. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5267-9449-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5267-9449-9"><bdi>978-1-5267-9449-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Encyclopaedia+of+World+Bridges&rft.pages=205&rft.pub=Pen+and+Sword+Transport&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-1-5267-9449-9&rft.aulast=McFetrich&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DY-VVEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3Droman%2Bbridge%2Bcordoba%26pg%3DPA205&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nomads-travel-guide.com/places/palacio-de-maximiano-herculeo/">"Palacio de Maximiano Hercúleo"</a>. <i>Nomads Travel Guide</i>. 17 June 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240131162231/https://www.nomads-travel-guide.com/places/palacio-de-maximiano-herculeo/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nomads+Travel+Guide&rft.atitle=Palacio+de+Maximiano+Herc%C3%BAleo&rft.date=2020-06-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nomads-travel-guide.com%2Fplaces%2Fpalacio-de-maximiano-herculeo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJayyusi1994" class="citation book cs1">Jayyusi, Salma Khadra (1994). <i>The legacy of Muslim Spain</i> (2nd ed.). Leiden: E.J. Brill. pp. 129–135. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004099548" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004099548"><bdi>978-9004099548</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+legacy+of+Muslim+Spain&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=129-135&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=E.J.+Brill&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-9004099548&rft.aulast=Jayyusi&rft.aufirst=Salma+Khadra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-George-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-George_108-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-George_108-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichell2011" class="citation book cs1">Michell, George (2011) [1978]. <i>Architecture of the Islamic world its history and social meaning; with a complete survey of key monuments</i>. London: Thames & Hudson. p. 212. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780500278475" title="Special:BookSources/9780500278475"><bdi>9780500278475</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Architecture+of+the+Islamic+world+its+history+and+social+meaning%3B+with+a+complete+survey+of+key+monuments&rft.place=London&rft.pages=212&rft.pub=Thames+%26+Hudson&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780500278475&rft.aulast=Michell&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBennison2016281–284-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBennison2016281–284_109-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBennison2016">Bennison 2016</a>, pp. 281–284.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_110-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_110-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetersen2002" class="citation book cs1">Petersen, Andrew (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eIaEAgAAQBAJ&dq=minaret+san+juan+cordoba&pg=PA55"><i>Dictionary of Islamic Architecture</i></a>. Routledge. p. 55. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-61366-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-61366-3"><bdi>978-1-134-61366-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Islamic+Architecture&rft.pages=55&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-134-61366-3&rft.aulast=Petersen&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeIaEAgAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dminaret%2Bsan%2Bjuan%2Bcordoba%26pg%3DPA55&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReina2014" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Reina, Carmen (11 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eldiario.es/andalucia/pasaporte/molinos-acompanan-Guadalquivir-siglos_0_320918032.html">"Los eternos jornaleros del Guadalquivir"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/El_Diario_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="El Diario (Spain)">El Diario</a></i> (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190703032953/https://www.eldiario.es/andalucia/pasaporte/molinos-acompanan-Guadalquivir-siglos_0_320918032.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Diario&rft.atitle=Los+eternos+jornaleros+del+Guadalquivir&rft.date=2014-11-11&rft.aulast=Reina&rft.aufirst=Carmen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eldiario.es%2Fandalucia%2Fpasaporte%2Fmolinos-acompanan-Guadalquivir-siglos_0_320918032.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBennison2016326-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBennison2016326_112-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBennison2016">Bennison 2016</a>, p. 326.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarrucandBednorz1992" class="citation book cs1">Barrucand, Marianne; Bednorz, Achim (1992). <i>Moorish architecture in Andalusia</i>. Taschen. p. 137. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3822896322" title="Special:BookSources/3822896322"><bdi>3822896322</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Moorish+architecture+in+Andalusia&rft.pages=137&rft.pub=Taschen&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=3822896322&rft.aulast=Barrucand&rft.aufirst=Marianne&rft.au=Bednorz%2C+Achim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lonelyplanet.com/spain/andalucia/cordoba/attractions/torre-de-la-calahorra/a/poi-sig/484250/360732">"Torre de la Calahorra | Córdoba, Spain Attractions"</a>. <i>Lonely Planet</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220215020108/https://www.lonelyplanet.com/spain/andalucia/cordoba/attractions/torre-de-la-calahorra/a/poi-sig/484250/360732">Archived</a> from the original on 15 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lonely+Planet&rft.atitle=Torre+de+la+Calahorra+%7C+C%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain+Attractions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lonelyplanet.com%2Fspain%2Fandalucia%2Fcordoba%2Fattractions%2Ftorre-de-la-calahorra%2Fa%2Fpoi-sig%2F484250%2F360732&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.artencordoba.com/en/calahorra-tower-cordoba/">"Calahorra Tower - Córdoba"</a>. 10 July 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220215020110/https://www.artencordoba.com/en/calahorra-tower-cordoba/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Calahorra+Tower+-+C%C3%B3rdoba&rft.date=2020-07-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.artencordoba.com%2Fen%2Fcalahorra-tower-cordoba%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://banosdelalcazarcalifal.cordoba.es/index.php?id=2&lang=3">"Complex map - Baths of Caliphate Castle | Virtual Tour"</a>. <i>banosdelalcazarcalifal.cordoba.es</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=banosdelalcazarcalifal.cordoba.es&rft.atitle=Complex+map+-+Baths+of+Caliphate+Castle+%7C+Virtual+Tour&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbanosdelalcazarcalifal.cordoba.es%2Findex.php%3Fid%3D2%26lang%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.artencordoba.com/en/arab-baths-caliphal-alcazar-cordoba/">"Arab Baths of the Caliphal Alcázar of Córdoba - "Caliphal Baths"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. 10 July 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230926061334/https://www.artencordoba.com/en/arab-baths-caliphal-alcazar-cordoba/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arab+Baths+of+the+Caliphal+Alc%C3%A1zar+of+C%C3%B3rdoba+-+%22Caliphal+Baths%22&rft.date=2020-07-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.artencordoba.com%2Fen%2Farab-baths-caliphal-alcazar-cordoba%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:32-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:32_118-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArnold2017" class="citation book cs1">Arnold, Felix (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bXjXDQAAQBAJ&dq=Islamic+Palace+Architecture+in+the+Western+Mediterranean&pg=PP1"><i>Islamic Palace Architecture in the Western Mediterranean: A History</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 63. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780190624552" title="Special:BookSources/9780190624552"><bdi>9780190624552</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240925033832/https://books.google.com/books?id=bXjXDQAAQBAJ&dq=Islamic+Palace+Architecture+in+the+Western+Mediterranean&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q=Islamic%20Palace%20Architecture%20in%20the%20Western%20Mediterranean&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islamic+Palace+Architecture+in+the+Western+Mediterranean%3A+A+History&rft.pages=63&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9780190624552&rft.aulast=Arnold&rft.aufirst=Felix&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbXjXDQAAQBAJ%26dq%3DIslamic%2BPalace%2BArchitecture%2Bin%2Bthe%2BWestern%2BMediterranean%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.artencordoba.com/en/house-sefarad-cordoba/">"House of Sefarad, House of Memory - Córdoba"</a>. 10 July 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220215040439/https://www.artencordoba.com/en/house-sefarad-cordoba/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=House+of+Sefarad%2C+House+of+Memory+-+C%C3%B3rdoba&rft.date=2020-07-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.artencordoba.com%2Fen%2Fhouse-sefarad-cordoba%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.turismodecordoba.org/the-house-of-sepharad">"The House of Sepharad"</a>. <i>www.turismodecordoba.org</i> (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220215010722/https://www.turismodecordoba.org/the-house-of-sepharad">Archived</a> from the original on 15 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.turismodecordoba.org&rft.atitle=The+House+of+Sepharad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.turismodecordoba.org%2Fthe-house-of-sepharad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGharipour2019" class="citation book cs1">Gharipour, Mohammad (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=x6UxEAAAQBAJ&dq=synagogue+cordoba&pg=PR9"><i>Synagogues in the Islamic World: Architecture, Design and Identity</i></a>. Edinburgh University Press. p. 127. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4744-6843-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4744-6843-5"><bdi>978-1-4744-6843-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240925033726/https://books.google.com/books?id=x6UxEAAAQBAJ&dq=synagogue+cordoba&pg=PR9#v=onepage&q=synagogue%20cordoba&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Synagogues+in+the+Islamic+World%3A+Architecture%2C+Design+and+Identity&rft.pages=127&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1-4744-6843-5&rft.aulast=Gharipour&rft.aufirst=Mohammad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dx6UxEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dsynagogue%2Bcordoba%26pg%3DPR9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120830151806/http://www.artencordoba.co.uk/ROMAN-CORDOBA/Roman-Cordoba-Circus.html">"Discovery of a Roman Circus in Cordoba"</a>. Artencordoba.co.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artencordoba.co.uk/ROMAN-CORDOBA/Roman-Cordoba-Circus.html">the original</a> on 30 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Discovery+of+a+Roman+Circus+in+Cordoba&rft.pub=Artencordoba.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.artencordoba.co.uk%2FROMAN-CORDOBA%2FRoman-Cordoba-Circus.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.soloarquitectura.com/arquitectos/santiago_calatrava.html">"Projects of Santiago Calatrava"</a>. Soloarquitectura.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110106201510/http://soloarquitectura.com/arquitectos/santiago_calatrava.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 January 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Projects+of+Santiago+Calatrava&rft.pub=Soloarquitectura.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.soloarquitectura.com%2Farquitectos%2Fsantiago_calatrava.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090115202532/http://www.ayuncordoba.es/portal/web1/ver_textoconimagen.jsp?id3=23835&id2=21567&id=21565">"Parque Cruz Conde"</a> (in Spanish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ayuncordoba.es/portal/web1/ver_textoconimagen.jsp?id3=23835&id2=21567&id=21565">the original</a> on 15 January 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Parque+Cruz+Conde&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ayuncordoba.es%2Fportal%2Fweb1%2Fver_textoconimagen.jsp%3Fid3%3D23835%26id2%3D21567%26id%3D21565&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNiza2005" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Niza, Juan M. (1 November 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100106222012/http://www.diariocordoba.com/noticias/noticia.asp?pkid=163760">"El parque de La Asomadilla se inicia con la apertura de pozos"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Diario_C%C3%B3rdoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Diario Córdoba">Diario Córdoba</a></i> (in Spanish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diariocordoba.com/noticias/noticia.asp?pkid=163760">the original</a> on 6 January 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Diario+C%C3%B3rdoba&rft.atitle=El+parque+de+La+Asomadilla+se+inicia+con+la+apertura+de+pozos&rft.date=2005-11-01&rft.aulast=Niza&rft.aufirst=Juan+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.diariocordoba.com%2Fnoticias%2Fnoticia.asp%3Fpkid%3D163760&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/medioambiente/web/Bloques_Tematicos/Estado_Y_Calidad_De_Los_Recursos_Naturales/Ecosistemas/Humedales/PDFs/Cordoba/sotosdelaalbolafia.pdf"><i>Los Sotos de la Albolafia</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110615161718/http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/medioambiente/web/Bloques_Tematicos/Estado_Y_Calidad_De_Los_Recursos_Naturales/Ecosistemas/Humedales/PDFs/Cordoba/sotosdelaalbolafia.pdf">Archived</a> 15 June 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Inventario de Humedales de Andalucía.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTURESPAÑA2007" class="citation web cs1">TURESPAÑA (23 April 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spain.info/en_US/que-quieres/arte/museos/cordoba/museo_arqueologico_y_etnologico_de_cordoba.html">"Museums in Spain: Cordoba Archaeological Museum in Córdoba, Spain | spain.info USA"</a>. <i>Spain.info</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180303225318/http://www.spain.info/en_US/que-quieres/arte/museos/cordoba/museo_arqueologico_y_etnologico_de_cordoba.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Spain.info&rft.atitle=Museums+in+Spain%3A+Cordoba+Archaeological+Museum+in+C%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain+%7C+spain.info+USA&rft.date=2007-04-23&rft.au=TURESPA%C3%91A&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spain.info%2Fen_US%2Fque-quieres%2Farte%2Fmuseos%2Fcordoba%2Fmuseo_arqueologico_y_etnologico_de_cordoba.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artencordoba.com/en/museums/archaeological-ethnological-museum-cordoba.html">"Archaeological and Ethnological Museum of Córdoba"</a>. <i>ArtenCórdoba Guided Tours</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203223653/http://www.artencordoba.com/en/museums/archaeological-ethnological-museum-cordoba.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ArtenC%C3%B3rdoba+Guided+Tours&rft.atitle=Archaeological+and+Ethnological+Museum+of+C%C3%B3rdoba&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.artencordoba.com%2Fen%2Fmuseums%2Farchaeological-ethnological-museum-cordoba.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180303165404/http://www.museojulioromero.cordoba.es/?id=1">"Mapa del Museo - Museo de Julio Romero de Torres | Visita Virtual"</a>. <i>www.museojulioromero.cordoba.es</i> (in Spanish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.museojulioromero.cordoba.es/?id=1">the original</a> on 3 March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.museojulioromero.cordoba.es&rft.atitle=Mapa+del+Museo+-+Museo+de+Julio+Romero+de+Torres+%7C+Visita+Virtual&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.museojulioromero.cordoba.es%2F%3Fid%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artencordoba.com/en/museums/museum-julio-romero-torres-cordoba.html">"Museum of Julio Romero de Torres, Córdoba"</a>. <i>ArtenCórdoba Guided Tours</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203223703/http://www.artencordoba.com/en/museums/museum-julio-romero-torres-cordoba.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ArtenC%C3%B3rdoba+Guided+Tours&rft.atitle=Museum+of+Julio+Romero+de+Torres%2C+C%C3%B3rdoba&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.artencordoba.com%2Fen%2Fmuseums%2Fmuseum-julio-romero-torres-cordoba.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbdulhameed2013" class="citation book cs1">Abdulhameed, Ahmed M (2013). <i>Discover Spain</i>. Lulu Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781447876564" title="Special:BookSources/9781447876564"><bdi>9781447876564</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Discover+Spain&rft.pub=Lulu+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781447876564&rft.aulast=Abdulhameed&rft.aufirst=Ahmed+M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180303225334/http://english.turismodecordoba.org/seccion/fine-arts-museum">"Fine Arts Museum"</a>. <i>english.turismodecordoba.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.turismodecordoba.org/seccion/fine-arts-museum">the original</a> on 3 March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=english.turismodecordoba.org&rft.atitle=Fine+Arts+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.turismodecordoba.org%2Fseccion%2Ffine-arts-museum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tripadvisor.com/Travel-g187430-d243777/Cordoba:Spain:Museum.Of.Fine.Arts.Cordoba.html">"Cordoba: Museum of Fine Arts, Cordoba"</a>. <i>tripadvisor.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240925033718/https://www.tripadvisor.com/Tourism-g187430-Cordoba_Province_of_Cordoba_Andalucia-Vacations.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tripadvisor.com&rft.atitle=Cordoba%3A+Museum+of+Fine+Arts%2C+Cordoba&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tripadvisor.com%2FTravel-g187430-d243777%2FCordoba%3ASpain%3AMuseum.Of.Fine.Arts.Cordoba.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artencordoba.com/en/museums/museum-fine-arts-cordoba.html">"Museum of Fine Arts of Córdoba"</a>. <i>ArtenCórdoba Guided Tours</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180222081544/http://www.artencordoba.com/en/museums/museum-fine-arts-cordoba.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ArtenC%C3%B3rdoba+Guided+Tours&rft.atitle=Museum+of+Fine+Arts+of+C%C3%B3rdoba&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.artencordoba.com%2Fen%2Fmuseums%2Fmuseum-fine-arts-cordoba.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180303225336/http://english.turismodecordoba.org/seccion/diocesan-museum-episcopal-palace">"Diocesan Museum (Episcopal Palace)"</a>. <i>english.turismodecordoba.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.turismodecordoba.org/seccion/diocesan-museum-episcopal-palace">the original</a> on 3 March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=english.turismodecordoba.org&rft.atitle=Diocesan+Museum+%28Episcopal+Palace%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.turismodecordoba.org%2Fseccion%2Fdiocesan-museum-episcopal-palace&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.andalucia.org/en/cordoban-may">"Cordoban May"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200714185914/https://www.andalucia.org/en/cordoban-may">Archived</a> from the original on 14 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cordoban+May&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.andalucia.org%2Fen%2Fcordoban-may&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.turismodecordoba.org/8ingles-the-may-crosses">"The May Crosses of Cordoba"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200714184800/https://www.turismodecordoba.org/8ingles-the-may-crosses">Archived</a> from the original on 14 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+May+Crosses+of+Cordoba&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.turismodecordoba.org%2F8ingles-the-may-crosses&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.turismodecordoba.org/-en-1-1">"The Courtyards Festival of Cordoba - World Heritage"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200727192907/https://www.turismodecordoba.org/-en-1-1">Archived</a> from the original on 27 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Courtyards+Festival+of+Cordoba+-+World+Heritage&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.turismodecordoba.org%2F-en-1-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.turismodecordoba.org/8ingles-the-fair-of-cordoba">"The Fair of Cordoba"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200727190439/https://www.turismodecordoba.org/8ingles-the-fair-of-cordoba">Archived</a> from the original on 27 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Fair+of+Cordoba&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.turismodecordoba.org%2F8ingles-the-fair-of-cordoba&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cordoba.es/corporacion-municipal/areas-de-gobierno">"Áreas de Gobierno"</a> [Areas of Governance]. <i>Ayuntamiento de Córdoba</i> (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180213135129/https://www.cordoba.es/corporacion-municipal/areas-de-gobierno">Archived</a> from the original on 13 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ayuncordoba.es/portal/web/verTextoHTML.jsp?id=43394">the original</a> on 28 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ayuntamiento+de+C%C3%B3rdoba+%5BCity+Council+of+C%C3%B3rdoba%5D&rft.atitle=Junta+de+Gobierno+Local&rft.date=2012-06-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ayuncordoba.es%2Fportal%2Fweb%2FverTextoHTML.jsp%3Fid%3D43394&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wikanda.cordobapedia.es/wiki/Elecciones_Municipales_2007_en_Córdoba">Municipal Elections 2007 in Córdoba: Cargos en la Corporación Municipal</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100211155206/http://wikanda.cordobapedia.es/wiki/Elecciones_Municipales_2007_en_C%C3%B3rdoba">Archived</a> 11 February 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – <i>Article of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cordobapedia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cordobapedia (page does not exist)">Cordobapedia</a> published in Castilian, <a href="/wiki/GFDL" class="mw-redirect" title="GFDL">GFDL</a> license</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiranda2019" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Miranda, Luis (21 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sevilla.abc.es/andalucia/cordoba/sevi-muere-hisae-yanase-artista-japonesa-anclo-sonrisa-cordoba-201905211810_noticia.html">"Muere Hisae Yanase, la artista japonesa que ancló su sonrisa en Córdoba"</a>. <i>sevilla</i> (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190527144207/https://sevilla.abc.es/andalucia/cordoba/sevi-muere-hisae-yanase-artista-japonesa-anclo-sonrisa-cordoba-201905211810_noticia.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sevilla&rft.atitle=Muere+Hisae+Yanase%2C+la+artista+japonesa+que+ancl%C3%B3+su+sonrisa+en+C%C3%B3rdoba&rft.date=2019-05-21&rft.aulast=Miranda&rft.aufirst=Luis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsevilla.abc.es%2Fandalucia%2Fcordoba%2Fsevi-muere-hisae-yanase-artista-japonesa-anclo-sonrisa-cordoba-201905211810_noticia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/20190729/463754594227/el-cordoba-futsal-sera-patrimonio-de-la-humanidad-en-la-nueva-temporada.html">"El Córdoba Futsal será "Patrimonio de la Humanidad" en la nueva temporada"</a>. <i>Mundo Deportivo</i>. 29 July 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190729141059/https://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/20190729/463754594227/el-cordoba-futsal-sera-patrimonio-de-la-humanidad-en-la-nueva-temporada.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cordobasket&rft.atitle=Hasta+pronto&rft.date=2019-08-08&rft.au=prensa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cordobasket.com%2Fbeta2%2Fhasta-pronto%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stations-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-stations_147-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stations_147-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180710194838/https://www.travelinho.com/en/travel/cordoba">"Cordoba: Stations"</a>. <i>Travelinho</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.travelinho.com/en/travel/cordoba">the original</a> on 10 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Travelinho&rft.atitle=Cordoba%3A+Stations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.travelinho.com%2Fen%2Ftravel%2Fcordoba&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aena.es/es/aeropuerto-cordoba/index.html">"Aeropuerto Córdoba"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Aena" class="mw-redirect" title="Aena">Aena</a></i> (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190321010823/http://www.aena.es/es/aeropuerto-cordoba/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Aena&rft.atitle=Aeropuerto+C%C3%B3rdoba&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aena.es%2Fes%2Faeropuerto-cordoba%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFartencordoba.com2020" class="citation cs2">artencordoba.com (10 July 2020), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artencordoba.com/en/other-monuments/mudejar-chapel-san-bartolome-cordoba.html"><i>Mudejar Chapel of San Bartolomé</i></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200416122042/https://www.artencordoba.com/en/other-monuments/mudejar-chapel-san-bartolome-cordoba.html">archived</a> from the original on 16 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2022</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mudejar+Chapel+of+San+Bartolom%C3%A9&rft.date=2020-07-10&rft.au=artencordoba.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.artencordoba.com%2Fen%2Fother-monuments%2Fmudejar-chapel-san-bartolome-cordoba.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.diariocordoba.com/noticias/cordobalocal/12-ciudades-hermanadas-cordoba_1353134.html">"Las 12 hermanas de Córdoba"</a>. <i>diariocordoba.com</i> (in Spanish). Diario Córdoba. 10 February 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021164614/https://www.diariocordoba.com/noticias/cordobalocal/12-ciudades-hermanadas-cordoba_1353134.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=diariocordoba.com&rft.atitle=Las+12+hermanas+de+C%C3%B3rdoba&rft.date=2020-02-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.diariocordoba.com%2Fnoticias%2Fcordobalocal%2F12-ciudades-hermanadas-cordoba_1353134.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <dl><dt>Bibliography</dt></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennison2016" class="citation book cs1">Bennison, Amira K. 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Edinburgh University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780748646821" title="Special:BookSources/9780748646821"><bdi>9780748646821</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Almoravid+and+Almohad+Empires&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9780748646821&rft.aulast=Bennison&rft.aufirst=Amira+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D19JVDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurgueñoGuerrero_Lladós2014" class="citation journal cs1">Burgueño, Jesús; Guerrero Lladós, Montse (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bage.age-geografia.es/ojs/index.php/bage/article/view/1687/1604">"El mapa municipal de España. Una caracterización geográfica"</a>. <i>Boletín de la Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles</i> (64). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0212-9426">0212-9426</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bolet%C3%ADn+de+la+Asociaci%C3%B3n+de+Ge%C3%B3grafos+Espa%C3%B1oles&rft.atitle=El+mapa+municipal+de+Espa%C3%B1a.+Una+caracterizaci%C3%B3n+geogr%C3%A1fica&rft.issue=64&rft.date=2014&rft.issn=0212-9426&rft.aulast=Burgue%C3%B1o&rft.aufirst=Jes%C3%BAs&rft.au=Guerrero+Llad%C3%B3s%2C+Montse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbage.age-geografia.es%2Fojs%2Findex.php%2Fbage%2Farticle%2Fview%2F1687%2F1604&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDomínguez_Bascón1995" class="citation journal cs1">Domínguez Bascón, Pedro (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/AGUC/article/view/AGUC9595220281A/31545/">"Inversiones de temperatura en el valle del Guadalquivir: un factor climático de gran influencia en el medio ambiente de la ciudad de Córdoba"</a>. <i>Anales de Geografía de la Universidad Complutense</i>. <b>15</b> (15): 281–288. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0211-9803">0211-9803</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anales+de+Geograf%C3%ADa+de+la+Universidad+Complutense&rft.atitle=Inversiones+de+temperatura+en+el+valle+del+Guadalquivir%3A+un+factor+clim%C3%A1tico+de+gran+influencia+en+el+medio+ambiente+de+la+ciudad+de+C%C3%B3rdoba&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=15&rft.pages=281-288&rft.date=1995&rft.issn=0211-9803&rft.aulast=Dom%C3%ADnguez+Basc%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=Pedro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frevistas.ucm.es%2Findex.php%2FAGUC%2Farticle%2Fview%2FAGUC9595220281A%2F31545%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLópez_Serrano2017" class="citation journal cs1">López Serrano, Miguel Jesús (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/5876185.pdf">"Los inicios del ferrocarril en la provincia de Córdoba. Una visión a corto plazo"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Anuario Jurídico y Económico Escurialense</i> (50). San Lorenzo de El Escorial: Real Centro Universitario Escorial-María Cristina: 579–600. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1133-3677">1133-3677</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anuario+Jur%C3%ADdico+y+Econ%C3%B3mico+Escurialense&rft.atitle=Los+inicios+del+ferrocarril+en+la+provincia+de+C%C3%B3rdoba.+Una+visi%C3%B3n+a+corto+plazo&rft.issue=50&rft.pages=579-600&rft.date=2017&rft.issn=1133-3677&rft.aulast=L%C3%B3pez+Serrano&rft.aufirst=Miguel+Jes%C3%BAs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdialnet.unirioja.es%2Fdescarga%2Farticulo%2F5876185.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTorres_Márquez2013" class="citation journal cs1">Torres Márquez, Martín (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.revistaestudiosregionales.com/documentos/articulos/pdf1207.pdf">"Paisajes del Valle medio del Guadalquivir cordobés: Funcionalidad y cambios"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Revista de Estudios Regionales</i> (96): 135–180. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0213-7585">0213-7585</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revista+de+Estudios+Regionales&rft.atitle=Paisajes+del+Valle+medio+del+Guadalquivir+cordob%C3%A9s%3A+Funcionalidad+y+cambios&rft.issue=96&rft.pages=135-180&rft.date=2013&rft.issn=0213-7585&rft.aulast=Torres+M%C3%A1rquez&rft.aufirst=Mart%C3%ADn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.revistaestudiosregionales.com%2Fdocumentos%2Farticulos%2Fpdf1207.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVillar_Movellán1998" class="citation journal cs1">Villar Movellán, Alberto (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://institucional.us.es/revistas/arte/11/06%20villar.pdf">"Esquemas urbanos de la Córdoba renacentista"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Laboratorio de Arte: Revista del Departamento de Historia del Arte</i> (11). Seville: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Seville" title="University of Seville">Universidad de Sevilla</a>: 101–120. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1130-5762">1130-5762</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Laboratorio+de+Arte%3A+Revista+del+Departamento+de+Historia+del+Arte&rft.atitle=Esquemas+urbanos+de+la+C%C3%B3rdoba+renacentista&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=101-120&rft.date=1998&rft.issn=1130-5762&rft.aulast=Villar+Movell%C3%A1n&rft.aufirst=Alberto&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finstitucional.us.es%2Frevistas%2Farte%2F11%2F06%2520villar.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain#Bibliography" title="Timeline of Córdoba, Spain">Bibliography of the history of Córdoba, Spain</a></div> <dl><dt>Published in the 19th century</dt></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArthur_de_Capell_Brooke1831" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_de_Capell_Brooke" title="Arthur de Capell Brooke">Arthur de Capell Brooke</a> (1831), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/sketchesinspainm02brok#page/250/mode/2up">"Cordova"</a>, <i>Sketches in Spain and Morocco</i>, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/13783280">13783280</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cordova&rft.btitle=Sketches+in+Spain+and+Morocco&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Henry+Colburn+and+Richard+Bentley&rft.date=1831&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F13783280&rft.au=Arthur+de+Capell+Brooke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fsketchesinspainm02brok%23page%2F250%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFord1855" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Ford_(writer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Ford (writer)">Ford, Richard</a> (1855), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/ahandbookfortra03fordgoog#page/n227/mode/2up">"Cordova"</a>, <a href="/wiki/A_Handbook_for_Travellers_in_Spain" title="A Handbook for Travellers in Spain"><i>A Handbook for Travellers in Spain</i></a> (3rd ed.), London: J. Murray, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/2145740">2145740</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cordova&rft.btitle=A+Handbook+for+Travellers+in+Spain&rft.place=London&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=J.+Murray&rft.date=1855&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F2145740&rft.aulast=Ford&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fahandbookfortra03fordgoog%23page%2Fn227%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLomas1889" class="citation cs2">Lomas, John, ed. (1889), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/osheasguidetospa00osherich#page/110/mode/2up">"Cordova"</a>, <i>O'Shea's Guide to Spain and Portugal</i> (8th ed.), Edinburgh: Adam & Charles Black</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cordova&rft.btitle=O%27Shea%27s+Guide+to+Spain+and+Portugal&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.edition=8th&rft.pub=Adam+%26+Charles+Black&rft.date=1889&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fosheasguidetospa00osherich%23page%2F110%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <dl><dt>Published in the 20th century</dt></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/spainportugalhan00karlrich#page/368/mode/2up">"Cordova"</a>. <i>Spain and Portugal</i> (3rd ed.). Leipzig: Karl Baedeker. 1908. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1581249">1581249</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cordova&rft.btitle=Spain+and+Portugal&rft.place=Leipzig&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Karl+Baedeker&rft.date=1908&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1581249&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fspainportugalhan00karlrich%23page%2F368%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRing1996" class="citation book cs1">Ring, Trudy, ed. (1996). "Cordoba". <i>Southern Europe</i>. International Dictionary of Historic Places. Vol. 3. Fitzroy Dearborn. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/31045650">31045650</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cordoba&rft.btitle=Southern+Europe&rft.series=International+Dictionary+of+Historic+Places&rft.pub=Fitzroy+Dearborn&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F31045650&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <dl><dt>Published in the 21st century</dt></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFC._Edmund_Bosworth2007" class="citation book cs1">C. Edmund Bosworth, ed. (2007). "Cordova". <i>Historic Cities of the Islamic World</i>. Leiden: <a href="/wiki/Koninklijke_Brill" class="mw-redirect" title="Koninklijke Brill">Koninklijke Brill</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cordova&rft.btitle=Historic+Cities+of+the+Islamic+World&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=Koninklijke+Brill&rft.date=2007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Barbara Messina, Geometrie in pietra. La moschea di Cordova. Giannini editore, Napoli 2004, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788874312368" title="Special:BookSources/9788874312368">9788874312368</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Córdoba, Spain">Córdoba, Spain</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba_(city,_Spain)#Q5818" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Córdoba (city, Spain)">Córdoba (city, Spain)</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ayuncordoba.es/">"Ayuntamiento de Córdoba"</a> [Córdoba's City Council] (in Spanish).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ayuntamiento+de+C%C3%B3rdoba&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ayuncordoba.es%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cordobaturismo.es/en">"Córdoba"</a>. Tourism of Córdoba.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=C%C3%B3rdoba&rft.pub=Tourism+of+C%C3%B3rdoba&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cordobaturismo.es%2Fen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cordoba24.info/english">"Córdoba24"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=C%C3%B3rdoba24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cordoba24.info%2Fenglish&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span> Córdoba travel information.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/medioambiente/servtc5/ventana/mostrarFicha.do?idEspacio=7340&lg=EN">"Natural Monument Sotos de la Albolafia"</a>. Junta de Andalucia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Natural+Monument+Sotos+de+la+Albolafia&rft.pub=Junta+de+Andalucia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.juntadeandalucia.es%2Fmedioambiente%2Fservtc5%2Fventana%2FmostrarFicha.do%3FidEspacio%3D7340%26lg%3DEN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thetudungtraveller.com/2013/08/23/168-cordoba-the-city-that-changed-thought/">"168. Cordoba – The City that Changed Thought"</a>. <i>The Tudung Traveller</i>. 23 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Tudung+Traveller&rft.atitle=168.+Cordoba+%E2%80%93+The+City+that+Changed+Thought.&rft.date=2013-08-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthetudungtraveller.com%2F2013%2F08%2F23%2F168-cordoba-the-city-that-changed-thought%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130821184750/http://www.spain.info/en_US/que-quieres/ciudades-pueblos/grandes-ciudades/cordoba.html">"Tourism in Córdoba in Andalusia, Spain | spain.info USA"</a>. Tourist Offices of Spain. 23 April 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spain.info/en_US/que-quieres/ciudades-pueblos/grandes-ciudades/cordoba.html">the original</a> on 21 August 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tourism+in+C%C3%B3rdoba+in+Andalusia%2C+Spain+%26%23124%3B+spain.info+USA&rft.pub=Tourist+Offices+of+Spain&rft.date=2007-04-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spain.info%2Fen_US%2Fque-quieres%2Fciudades-pueblos%2Fgrandes-ciudades%2Fcordoba.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archnet.org/authorities/3601">"Córdoba | Archnet"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ArchNet" title="ArchNet">archnet.org</a></i>. MIT School of Architecture and Planning.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=archnet.org&rft.atitle=C%C3%B3rdoba+%26%23124%3B+Archnet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchnet.org%2Fauthorities%2F3601&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cordobapedia.wikanda.es/wiki/Portada">Cordobapedia</a>. Spanish language wiki founded in 2015, providing historical and current information about Córdoba.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:C%C3%B3rdoba,_Andalusia" title="Template:Córdoba, Andalusia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:C%C3%B3rdoba,_Andalusia" title="Template talk:Córdoba, Andalusia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:C%C3%B3rdoba,_Andalusia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Córdoba, Andalusia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Landmarks_of_Córdoba,_Andalusia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Landmarks of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Córdoba, Andalusia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Historic_centre_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Historic centre of Córdoba">Historic centre of Córdoba</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albolafia" title="Albolafia">Albolafia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alc%C3%A1zar_de_los_Reyes_Cristianos" title="Alcázar de los Reyes Cristianos">Alcázar de los Reyes Cristianos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calahorra_Tower" title="Calahorra Tower">Calahorra Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caliphal_Baths" title="Caliphal Baths">Caliphal Baths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Palace,_Cordoba" title="Episcopal Palace, Cordoba">Episcopal Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_del_Cardenal_Salazar" title="Hospital del Cardenal Salazar">Hospital of Cardenal Salazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torre_de_la_Malmuerta" title="Torre de la Malmuerta">Malmuerta Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mills_of_the_Guadalquivir" title="Mills of the Guadalquivir">Mills of the Guadalquivir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosque%E2%80%93Cathedral_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Mosque–Cathedral of Córdoba">Mosque–Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palacio_de_la_Merced" title="Palacio de la Merced">Palacio de la Merced</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaza_de_Toros_de_los_Califas" title="Plaza de Toros de los Califas">Plaza de Toros de los Califas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba_Public_Library" title="Córdoba Public Library">Public Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerta_del_Puente" title="Puerta del Puente">Puerta del Puente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_bridge_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Roman bridge of Córdoba">Roman bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_mausoleum_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Roman mausoleum of Córdoba">Roman mausoleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Stables_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Royal Stables of Córdoba">Royal Stables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_temple_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Roman temple of Córdoba">Roman temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_walls_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Roman walls of Córdoba">Roman walls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_de_San_Sebasti%C3%A1n" title="Hospital de San Sebastián">Hospital de San Sebastián</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba_Synagogue" title="Córdoba Synagogue">Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torre_de_Bel%C3%A9n" title="Torre de Belén">Torre de Belén</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Spain_Andalusia_Cordoba_BW_2015-10-27_12-11-57.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Spain_Andalusia_Cordoba_BW_2015-10-27_12-11-57.jpg/100px-Spain_Andalusia_Cordoba_BW_2015-10-27_12-11-57.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Spain_Andalusia_Cordoba_BW_2015-10-27_12-11-57.jpg/150px-Spain_Andalusia_Cordoba_BW_2015-10-27_12-11-57.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Spain_Andalusia_Cordoba_BW_2015-10-27_12-11-57.jpg/200px-Spain_Andalusia_Cordoba_BW_2015-10-27_12-11-57.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3655" data-file-height="2198" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Churches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bas%C3%ADlica_del_Juramento_de_San_Rafael" title="Basílica del Juramento de San Rafael">Juramento de San Rafael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Bartolom%C3%A9,_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="San Bartolomé, Córdoba">San Bartolomé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convento_de_Santa_Clara_(C%C3%B3rdoba)" title="Convento de Santa Clara (Córdoba)">Santa Clara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convento_de_Santa_Cruz_(C%C3%B3rdoba)" title="Convento de Santa Cruz (Córdoba)">Santa Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Juan_y_Todos_los_Santos" title="San Juan y Todos los Santos">San Juan y Todos los Santos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Lorenzo,_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="San Lorenzo, Córdoba">San Lorenzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_Magdalena,_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Santa María Magdalena, Córdoba">Santa María Magdalena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Marina_(C%C3%B3rdoba)" title="Santa Marina (Córdoba)">Santa Marina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Miguel,_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="San Miguel, Córdoba">San Miguel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Nicol%C3%A1s_de_la_Villa" title="San Nicolás de la Villa">San Nicolás de la Villa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Pablo,_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="San Pablo, Córdoba">San Pablo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Pedro_(C%C3%B3rdoba)" title="San Pedro (Córdoba)">San Pedro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Demolished</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alc%C3%A1zar_of_the_Caliphs_(C%C3%B3rdoba)" title="Alcázar of the Caliphs (Córdoba)">Alcázar of the Caliphs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Outlying sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madinat_al-Zahra" title="Madinat al-Zahra">Madinat al-Zahra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Comarcas_of_Andalusia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Comarcas_of_Andalusia" title="Template:Comarcas of Andalusia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Comarcas_of_Andalusia" title="Template talk:Comarcas of Andalusia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Comarcas_of_Andalusia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Comarcas of Andalusia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Comarcas_of_Andalusia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Comarcas_of_Andalusia" title="Comarcas of Andalusia">Comarcas of Andalusia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Almer%C3%ADa" title="Province of Almería">Almería</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpujarra_Almeriense" title="Alpujarra Almeriense">Alpujarra Almeriense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comarca_Metropolitana_de_Almer%C3%ADa" title="Comarca Metropolitana de Almería">Comarca Metropolitana de Almería</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filabres-Tabernas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filabres-Tabernas (page does not exist)">Filabres-Tabernas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levante_Almeriense" title="Levante Almeriense">Levante Almeriense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poniente_Almeriense" title="Poniente Almeriense">Poniente Almeriense</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valle_del_Almanzora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valle del Almanzora (page does not exist)">Valle del Almanzora</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_V%C3%A9lez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Los Vélez (page does not exist)">Los Vélez</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_C%C3%A1diz" title="Province of Cádiz">Cádiz</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_C%C3%A1diz_(comarca)" title="Bay of Cádiz (comarca)">Bay of Cádiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campi%C3%B1a_de_Jerez" title="Campiña de Jerez">Campiña de Jerez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campo_de_Gibraltar" title="Campo de Gibraltar">Campo de Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Noroeste_de_C%C3%A1diz" title="Costa Noroeste de Cádiz">Costa Noroeste de Cádiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Janda" title="La Janda">La Janda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_de_C%C3%A1diz" title="Sierra de Cádiz">Sierra de Cádiz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_C%C3%B3rdoba_(Spain)" title="Province of Córdoba (Spain)">Córdoba</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alto_Guadalquivir" title="Alto Guadalquivir">Alto Guadalquivir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campi%C3%B1a_de_Baena" title="Campiña de Baena">Campiña de Baena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campi%C3%B1a_Sur_(C%C3%B3rdoba)" title="Campiña Sur (Córdoba)">Campiña Sur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba_(comarca)" class="mw-redirect" title="Córdoba (comarca)">Córdoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subb%C3%A9tica" title="Subbética">Subbética</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valle_del_Guadiato" title="Valle del Guadiato">Valle del Guadiato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valle_Medio_del_Guadalquivir" title="Valle Medio del Guadalquivir">Valle Medio del Guadalquivir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Granada" title="Province of Granada">Granada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpujarra_Granadina" title="Alpujarra Granadina">Alpujarra Granadina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comarca_de_Alhama" title="Comarca de Alhama">Alhama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comarca_de_Baza" title="Comarca de Baza">Baza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comarca_de_Guadix" title="Comarca de Guadix">Guadix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comarca_de_Hu%C3%A9scar" title="Comarca de Huéscar">Huéscar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Tropical" class="mw-redirect" title="Costa Tropical">Costa Granadina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comarca_de_Loja" title="Comarca de Loja">Loja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Montes" title="Los Montes">Los Montes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valle_de_Lecr%C3%ADn" title="Valle de Lecrín">Valle de Lecrín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vega_de_Granada" title="Vega de Granada">Vega de Granada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Huelva" title="Province of Huelva">Huelva</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/And%C3%A9valo" title="Andévalo">Andévalo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comarca_Metropolitana_de_Huelva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comarca Metropolitana de Huelva (page does not exist)">Comarca Metropolitana de Huelva</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Condado_(Huelva)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="El Condado (Huelva) (page does not exist)">El Condado</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Costa_Occidental_de_Huelva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Costa Occidental de Huelva (page does not exist)">Costa Occidental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuenca_Minera_(Huelva)" title="Cuenca Minera (Huelva)">Cuenca Minera</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sierra_de_Huelva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sierra de Huelva (page does not exist)">Sierra de Huelva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Ja%C3%A9n_(Spain)" title="Province of Jaén (Spain)">Jaén</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Campi%C3%B1a_de_Ja%C3%A9n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Campiña de Jaén (page does not exist)">Campiña de Jaén</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sierra_Morena_(comarca)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sierra Morena (comarca) (page does not exist)">Sierra Morena</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comarca_Metropolitana_de_Ja%C3%A9n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comarca Metropolitana de Jaén (page does not exist)">Comarca Metropolitana de Jaén</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Condado_(Ja%C3%A9n)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="El Condado (Jaén) (page does not exist)">El Condado</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Loma_(comarca)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La Loma (comarca) (page does not exist)">La Loma</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sierra_de_Cazorla_(comarca)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sierra de Cazorla (comarca) (page does not exist)">Sierra de Cazorla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_de_Segura" title="Sierra de Segura">Sierra de Segura</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sierra_M%C3%A1gina_(comarca)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sierra Mágina (comarca) (page does not exist)">Sierra Mágina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sierra_Sur_de_Ja%C3%A9n_(comarca)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sierra Sur de Jaén (comarca) (page does not exist)">Sierra Sur de Jaén</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Villas" title="Las Villas">Las Villas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_M%C3%A1laga" title="Province of Málaga">Málaga</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axarqu%C3%ADa" title="Axarquía">Axarquía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comarca_de_Antequera" title="Comarca de Antequera">Antequera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_del_Sol_Occidental" title="Costa del Sol Occidental">Costa del Sol Occidental</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comarca_Nororiental_de_M%C3%A1laga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comarca Nororiental de Málaga (page does not exist)">Comarca Nororiental</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guadalteba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guadalteba (page does not exist)">Guadalteba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A0laga-Costa_del_Sol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Màlaga-Costa del Sol (page does not exist)">Màlaga-Costa del Sol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serran%C3%ADa_de_Ronda" title="Serranía de Ronda">Serranía de Ronda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sierra_de_las_Nieves_(comarca)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sierra de las Nieves (comarca) (page does not exist)">Sierra de las Nieves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valle_del_Guadalhorce" title="Valle del Guadalhorce">Valle del Guadalhorce</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Sevilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Province of Sevilla">Sevilla</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Aljarafe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="El Aljarafe (page does not exist)">El Aljarafe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajo_Guadalquivir" title="Bajo Guadalquivir">Bajo Guadalquivir</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Campi%C3%B1a_de_Carmona&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Campiña de Carmona (page does not exist)">Campiña de Carmona</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Campi%C3%B1a_de_Mor%C3%B3n_y_Marchena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Campiña de Morón y Marchena (page does not exist)">Campiña de Morón y Marchena</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89cija_(comarca)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Écija (comarca) (page does not exist)">Écija</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comarca_Metropolitana_de_Sevilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comarca Metropolitana de Sevilla (page does not exist)">Comarca Metropolitana de Sevilla</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Alcores&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Los Alcores (page does not exist)">Los Alcores</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sierra_Norte_(Ja%C3%A9n)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sierra Norte (Jaén) (page does not exist)">Sierra Norte</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sierra_Sur_de_Sevilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sierra Sur de Sevilla (page does not exist)">Sierra Sur de Sevilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vega_del_Guadalquivir" title="Vega del Guadalquivir">Vega del Guadalquivir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cities_in_Spain_by_population" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cities_in_Spain" title="Template:Cities in Spain"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cities_in_Spain" title="Template talk:Cities in Spain"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cities_in_Spain" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cities in Spain"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cities_in_Spain_by_population" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cities in Spain by population</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1,000,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">500,000 - 999,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1laga" title="Málaga">Málaga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">300,000 - 499,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Murcia" title="Murcia">Murcia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palma_de_Mallorca" title="Palma de Mallorca">Palma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Palmas" title="Las Palmas">Las Palmas de Gran Canaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilbao" title="Bilbao">Bilbao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alicante" title="Alicante">Alicante</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cordoba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">200,000 - 299,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigo" title="Vigo">Vigo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gij%C3%B3n" title="Gijón">Gijón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Hospitalet_de_Llobregat" title="L'Hospitalet de Llobregat">L'Hospitalet de Llobregat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Coru%C3%B1a" title="A Coruña">A Coruña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitoria-Gasteiz" title="Vitoria-Gasteiz">Vitoria-Gasteiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granada" title="Granada">Granada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elche" title="Elche">Elche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oviedo" title="Oviedo">Oviedo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badalona" title="Badalona">Badalona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartagena,_Spain" title="Cartagena, Spain">Cartagena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrassa" title="Terrassa">Terrassa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerez_de_la_Frontera" title="Jerez de la Frontera">Jerez de la Frontera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabadell" title="Sabadell">Sabadell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife" title="Santa Cruz de Tenerife">Santa Cruz de Tenerife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B3stoles" title="Móstoles">Móstoles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcal%C3%A1_de_Henares" title="Alcalá de Henares">Alcalá de Henares</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">100,000 - 199,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pamplona" title="Pamplona">Pamplona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuenlabrada" title="Fuenlabrada">Fuenlabrada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almer%C3%ADa" title="Almería">Almería</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legan%C3%A9s" title="Leganés">Leganés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Sebasti%C3%A1n" title="San Sebastián">San Sebastián</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgos" title="Burgos">Burgos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santander,_Spain" title="Santander, Spain">Santander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castell%C3%B3n_de_la_Plana" title="Castellón de la Plana">Castellón de la Plana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Getafe" title="Getafe">Getafe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albacete" title="Albacete">Albacete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcorc%C3%B3n" title="Alcorcón">Alcorcón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logro%C3%B1o" title="Logroño">Logroño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Crist%C3%B3bal_de_La_Laguna" title="San Cristóbal de La Laguna">San Cristóbal de La Laguna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badajoz" title="Badajoz">Badajoz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salamanca" title="Salamanca">Salamanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huelva" title="Huelva">Huelva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lleida" title="Lleida">Lleida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marbella" title="Marbella">Marbella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarragona" title="Tarragona">Tarragona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3n,_Spain" title="León, Spain">León</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1diz" title="Cádiz">Cádiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lleida" title="Lleida">Lleida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dos_Hermanas" title="Dos Hermanas">Dos Hermanas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarragona" title="Tarragona">Tarragona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torrej%C3%B3n_de_Ardoz" title="Torrejón de Ardoz">Torrejón de Ardoz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parla" title="Parla">Parla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matar%C3%B3" title="Mataró">Mataró</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algeciras" title="Algeciras">Algeciras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Coloma_de_Gramenet" title="Santa Coloma de Gramenet">Santa Coloma de Gramenet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcobendas" title="Alcobendas">Alcobendas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n,_Spain" title="Jaén, Spain">Jaén</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ourense" title="Ourense">Ourense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reus" title="Reus">Reus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barakaldo" title="Barakaldo">Barakaldo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girona" title="Girona">Girona</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">75,000 - 99,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lugo" title="Lugo">Lugo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roquetas_de_Mar" title="Roquetas de Mar">Roquetas de Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1ceres,_Spain" title="Cáceres, Spain">Cáceres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Rozas_de_Madrid" title="Las Rozas de Madrid">Las Rozas de Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorca,_Spain" title="Lorca, Spain">Lorca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Fernando,_C%C3%A1diz" title="San Fernando, Cádiz">San Fernando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Puerto_de_Santa_Mar%C3%ADa" title="El Puerto de Santa María">El Puerto de Santa María</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadalajara,_Spain" title="Guadalajara, Spain">Guadalajara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Spain" title="Toledo, Spain">Toledo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torrevieja" title="Torrevieja">Torrevieja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talavera_de_la_Reina" title="Talavera de la Reina">Talavera de la Reina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontevedra" title="Pontevedra">Pontevedra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orihuela" title="Orihuela">Orihuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palencia" title="Palencia">Palencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avil%C3%A9s" title="Avilés">Avilés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcal%C3%A1_de_Guada%C3%ADra" title="Alcalá de Guadaíra">Alcalá de Guadaíra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciudad_Real" title="Ciudad Real">Ciudad Real</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_of_Spain" title="List of municipalities of Spain">Complete list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_provinces_of_Spain" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Capitals_of_Provinces_in_Spain" title="Template:Capitals of Provinces in Spain"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Capitals_of_Provinces_in_Spain" title="Template talk:Capitals of Provinces in Spain"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Capitals_of_Provinces_in_Spain" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Capitals of Provinces in Spain"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_provinces_of_Spain" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Capitals of <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Spain" title="Provinces of Spain">provinces</a> of <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_Coru%C3%B1a" title="A Coruña">A Coruña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albacete" title="Albacete">Albacete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alicante" title="Alicante">Alicante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almer%C3%ADa" title="Almería">Almería</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81vila" title="Ávila">Ávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badajoz" title="Badajoz">Badajoz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilbao" title="Bilbao">Bilbao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgos" title="Burgos">Burgos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1ceres,_Spain" title="Cáceres, Spain">Cáceres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1diz" title="Cádiz">Cádiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castell%C3%B3n_de_la_Plana" title="Castellón de la Plana">Castellón de la Plana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciudad_Real" title="Ciudad Real">Ciudad Real</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Córdoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuenca,_Spain" title="Cuenca, Spain">Cuenca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girona" title="Girona">Girona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granada" title="Granada">Granada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadalajara,_Spain" title="Guadalajara, Spain">Guadalajara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huelva" title="Huelva">Huelva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huesca" title="Huesca">Huesca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n,_Spain" title="Jaén, Spain">Jaén</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logro%C3%B1o" title="Logroño">Logroño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Palmas" title="Las Palmas">Las Palmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3n,_Spain" title="León, Spain">León</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lleida" title="Lleida">Lleida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugo" title="Lugo">Lugo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1laga" title="Málaga">Málaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murcia" title="Murcia">Murcia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ourense" title="Ourense">Ourense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oviedo" title="Oviedo">Oviedo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palencia" title="Palencia">Palencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palma_de_Mallorca" title="Palma de Mallorca">Palma de Mallorca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamplona" title="Pamplona">Pamplona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontevedra" title="Pontevedra">Pontevedra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salamanca" title="Salamanca">Salamanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Sebasti%C3%A1n" title="San Sebastián">San Sebastián</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santander,_Spain" title="Santander, Spain">Santander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife" title="Santa Cruz de Tenerife">Santa Cruz de Tenerife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segovia" title="Segovia">Segovia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soria" title="Soria">Soria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarragona" title="Tarragona">Tarragona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teruel" title="Teruel">Teruel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Spain" title="Toledo, Spain">Toledo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitoria-Gasteiz" title="Vitoria-Gasteiz">Vitoria-Gasteiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamora,_Spain" title="Zamora, Spain">Zamora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Spain.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Spain"><img alt="Flag of Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/50px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/75px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/100px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="20px&#124;Phoenician_Hippos_ship_Phoenician_cities_and_colonies" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Phoenician_cities_and_colonies" title="Template:Phoenician cities and colonies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Phoenician_cities_and_colonies" title="Template talk:Phoenician cities and colonies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Phoenician_cities_and_colonies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Phoenician cities and colonies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="20px&#124;Phoenician_Hippos_ship_Phoenician_cities_and_colonies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Phoenician_Hippos_ship_logo.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Phoenician Hippos ship"><img alt="Phoenician Hippos ship" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Phoenician_Hippos_ship_logo.png/20px-Phoenician_Hippos_ship_logo.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Phoenician_Hippos_ship_logo.png/30px-Phoenician_Hippos_ship_logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Phoenician_Hippos_ship_logo.png/40px-Phoenician_Hippos_ship_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="714" data-file-height="525" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Phoenician_cities" title="List of Phoenician cities">Phoenician cities and colonies</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Algeria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Camarata_(Mauretania)" title="Camarata (Mauretania)">Camarata</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cartennae" title="Cartennae">Cartennae</a> (<a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9n%C3%A8s" title="Ténès">Tenes</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hippo_Regius" title="Hippo Regius">Hippo Regius</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Icosium" title="Icosium">Icosium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Algiers" title="Algiers">Algiers</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Igilgili" title="Igilgili">Igilgili</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jijel" title="Jijel">Jijel</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cherchell" title="Cherchell">Iol (Cherchell)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Iomnium" title="Iomnium">Iomnium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tigzirt" title="Tigzirt">Tigzirt</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cirta" title="Cirta">Cirta</a> (<a href="/wiki/Constantine,_Algeria" title="Constantine, Algeria">Constantine</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Djinet" title="Djinet">Kissi (Djinet)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Macomades" title="Macomades">Macomades</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Calama_(Numidia)" title="Calama (Numidia)">Malaca</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rachgoun" title="Rachgoun">Rachgoun</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rusazus" title="Rusazus">Rusazus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Azeffoun" title="Azeffoun">Azeffoun</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tamentfoust" title="Tamentfoust">Rusguniae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tamentfoust" title="Tamentfoust">Tamentfoust</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Skikda" title="Skikda">Rusicade (Skikda)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rusippisir" title="Rusippisir">Rusippisir (Taksebt)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rusubbicari" title="Rusubbicari">Rusubbicari</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zemmouri" title="Zemmouri">Zemmouri</a> El Bahri)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dellys" title="Dellys">Rusuccuru (Dellys)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Zara%C3%AF" title="Zaraï">Sarai</a> (<a href="/wiki/A%C3%AFn_Oulmene" title="Aïn Oulmene">Aïn Oulmene</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thagora" title="Thagora">Thagora</a> (<a href="/wiki/Taoura" title="Taoura">Taoura</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tipasa_in_Mauretania" class="mw-redirect" title="Tipasa in Mauretania">Tipasa in Mauretania</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tipasa_in_Numidia" title="Tipasa in Numidia">Tipasa in Numidia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Timici" title="Timici">Timici</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cyprus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Dali,_Cyprus" title="Dali, Cyprus">Dhali</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kition" title="Kition">Kition</a> (<a href="/wiki/Larnaca" title="Larnaca">Larnaca</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lapathus_(Cyprus)" title="Lapathus (Cyprus)">Lapathus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marion,_Cyprus" title="Marion, Cyprus">Marion</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Greece</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Santorini" title="Santorini">Callista (Santorini)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paxi" class="mw-redirect" title="Paxi">Paxi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rhodes" title="Rhodes">Rhodes</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Delos" title="Delos">Delos</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Israel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Achziv" title="Achziv">Achzib</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Akka (Acre)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tel_Dor" title="Tel Dor">Dora</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tel_Michal" title="Tel Michal">Michal</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jaffa" title="Jaffa">Jaffa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Apollonia-Arsuf" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollonia-Arsuf">Reshef</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tel_Shikmona" title="Tel Shikmona">Shikmona</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Caesarea_Maritima" title="Caesarea Maritima">Strato's Tower (Caesarea)</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Italy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Bithia,_Italy" title="Bithia, Italy">Bitan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chia_(Sardinia)" title="Chia (Sardinia)">Chia</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cefal%C3%B9" title="Cefalù">Cape Melqart (Cefalù)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Drepana" title="Drepana">Drepanum</a> (<a href="/wiki/Trapani" title="Trapani">Trapani</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eryx_(Sicily)" title="Eryx (Sicily)">Eryx</a> (<a href="/wiki/Erice" title="Erice">Erice</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Heraclea_Minoa" title="Heraclea Minoa">Heraclea Minoa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Soluntum" title="Soluntum">Kapara (Soluntum)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/History_of_Cagliari" title="History of Cagliari">Karaly</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari">Cagliari</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marsala" title="Marsala">Lilybaeum</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Motya" title="Motya">Motya</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Neapolis,_Sardinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Neapolis, Sardinia">Neapolis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nora,_Italy" title="Nora, Italy">Nora</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Olbia" title="Olbia">Olbia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pantelleria" title="Pantelleria">Pantelleria</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Selinunte" title="Selinunte">Selinunte</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sulci" title="Sulci">Sulci</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sant%27Antioco" title="Sant'Antioco">Sant'Antioco</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tharros" title="Tharros">Tharros</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Ṣiṣ (Palermo)</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lebanon</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Amioun" title="Amioun">Amia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Enfeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Enfeh">Ampi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Arqa" title="Arqa">Arqa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Lebanon" title="Tripoli, Lebanon">Athar (Tripoli)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Baalbek" title="Baalbek">Baalbek</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Berytus" title="Berytus">Birut</a> (<a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Batroun" title="Batroun">Botrys (Teros)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Byblos" title="Byblos">Gebal (Byblos)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tell_el-Burak" title="Tell el-Burak">Ornithon (Tell el-Burak)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jieh" title="Jieh"> Porphyreon (Jieh)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sarepta" title="Sarepta">Sarepta</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sidon" title="Sidon">Sidon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tyre,_Lebanon" title="Tyre, Lebanon">Sur (Tyre)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ushu" title="Ushu">Ushu (Palaetyrus)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Umm_al-Amad,_Lebanon" title="Umm al-Amad, Lebanon">Umm al-Amad</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Libya</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Leptis_Magna" title="Leptis Magna">Lepcis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Khoms,_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Khoms, Libya">Khoms</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Oea" title="Oea">Oyat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Libya" title="Tripoli, Libya">Tripoli</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sabratha" title="Sabratha">Tsabratan</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Malta</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd>Maleth (<a href="/wiki/Cospicua" title="Cospicua">Cospicua</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Melite_(ancient_city)" title="Melite (ancient city)">Ann</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mdina" title="Mdina">Mdina</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gozo" title="Gozo">Gaulos (Gozo)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C4%A7ajn_Qajjet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Għajn Qajjet (page does not exist)">Għajn Qajjet</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mtarfa" title="Mtarfa">Mtarfa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ras_il-Wardija" title="Ras il-Wardija">Ras il-Wardija</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tas-Sil%C4%A1" title="Tas-Silġ">Tas-Silġ</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Morocco</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Azemmour" title="Azemmour">Azama (Azemmour)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Essaouira" title="Essaouira">Arambys (Mogador)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caricus_Murus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caricus Murus (page does not exist)">Caricus Murus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ksar_es-Seghir" title="Ksar es-Seghir">Heq she Elisha (Ksar es-Seghir)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lixus_(ancient_city)" title="Lixus (ancient city)">Likush</a> (<a href="/wiki/Larache" title="Larache">Larache</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chellah" title="Chellah">Shalat (Chellah)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tamusida" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamusida">Tamusida</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tingis" class="mw-redirect" title="Tingis">Tinga</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tangier" title="Tangier">Tangier</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Anfa" title="Anfa">Anfa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Casablanca" title="Casablanca">Casablanca</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Volubilis" title="Volubilis">Volubilis</a> <sup><small>1</small></sup></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mogador_Island" title="Mogador Island">Mogador</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rusadir" title="Rusadir">Rusadir</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Oualidia" title="Oualidia">Oualidia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Iulia_Constantia_Zilil" title="Iulia Constantia Zilil">Zilil</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Agadir" title="Agadir">Gadir</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chellah" title="Chellah">Sala</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thymiaterium" title="Thymiaterium">Thymiaterium</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/El_Jadida" title="El Jadida">Rusibis</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portugal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Portim%C3%A3o" title="Portimão">Portus Hannibalis</a></dd> <dd>Portus Magonis (Portimão)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Olissipona (Lisbon)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Faro,_Portugal" title="Faro, Portugal">Ossonoba (Faro)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Balsa_(Roman_town)" title="Balsa (Roman town)">Balsa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tavira" title="Tavira">Tavira</a>)</dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Abdera,_Spain" title="Abdera, Spain">Abdera</a> (<a href="/wiki/Adra,_Spain" title="Adra, Spain">Adra</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Abyla" title="Abyla">Abyla</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lucentum" title="Lucentum">Akra Leuka</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alicante" title="Alicante">Alicante</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1diz" title="Cádiz">Gadir (Cadiz)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Guardamar_del_Segura" title="Guardamar del Segura">Herna</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sa_Caleta_Phoenician_Settlement" title="Sa Caleta Phoenician Settlement">Iboshim</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ibiza" title="Ibiza">Ibiza</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mah%C3%B3n" title="Mahón">Mahón</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/History_of_M%C3%A1laga" title="History of Málaga">Malake</a> (<a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1laga" title="Málaga">Málaga</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Huelva" title="Huelva">Onoba</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cartagena,_Spain" title="Cartagena, Spain">Carthage (Cartagena)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rusadir" title="Rusadir">Rushadir</a> (<a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Saguntum" class="mw-redirect" title="Saguntum">Saguntum</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sexi_(Phoenician_colony)" title="Sexi (Phoenician colony)">Sexi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Almunecar" class="mw-redirect" title="Almunecar">Almunecar</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/T%C3%ADjola" title="Tíjola">Tagilit (Tíjola)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Los_Toscanos" title="Los Toscanos">Toscanos</a> (<a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9lez-M%C3%A1laga" title="Vélez-Málaga">Velez</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Peniscola" title="Peniscola">Tyreche</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Syria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Arwad" title="Arwad">Arwad</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Amrit" title="Amrit">Marat (Amrit)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Baniyas" title="Baniyas">Balanaea (Baniyas)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Carne,_Phoenicia" title="Carne, Phoenicia">Carne</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paltus" title="Paltus">Paltus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Safita" title="Safita">Safita</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tell_Sukas" title="Tell Sukas">Shuksi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tell_Kazel" title="Tell Kazel">Sumur</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ugarit" title="Ugarit">Ugarit</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tunisia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Kelibia" title="Kelibia">Aspis (Kelibia)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bulla_Regia" title="Bulla Regia">Bulla Regia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Carthage" title="Ancient Carthage">Carthage</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hadrumetum" title="Hadrumetum">Hadrumetum</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sousse" title="Sousse">Sousse</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bizerte" title="Bizerte">Hippo Diarrhytus (Bizerte)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kerkouane" title="Kerkouane">Kerkouane</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leptis_Parva" title="Leptis Parva">Lepcis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monastir,_Tunisia" title="Monastir, Tunisia">Monastir</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maqom_Hadesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Maqom Hadesh">Maqom Hadesh (Ounga)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Meninx_(town)" title="Meninx (town)">Meninx</a> (<a href="/wiki/Djerba" title="Djerba">Djerba</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ruspe" title="Ruspe">Ruspe</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ruspina" title="Ruspina">Ruspina</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/El_Kef" title="El Kef">Sicca (El Kef)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tabarka" title="Tabarka">Tabarka</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thenae" title="Thenae">Tayinat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Thyna" title="Thyna">Thyna</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thapsus" title="Thapsus">Thapsus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thysdrus" title="Thysdrus">Thysdrus</a> (<a href="/wiki/El_Djem" title="El Djem">El Djem</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Utica,_Tunisia" title="Utica, Tunisia">Utica</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Myriandus" title="Myriandus">Myriandus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Finike" title="Finike">Phoenicus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tahpanhes" title="Tahpanhes">Tahpanhes</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5818#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5818#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5818#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/137098626">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1213504/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4010558-1">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81058570">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Córdoba (Španělsko)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge134474&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX450839">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007564584105171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/4e08aa8a-2570-4316-8bcd-a3a10488afd2">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045216">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Córdoba,_Spain&oldid=1258860457">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Córdoba,_Spain&oldid=1258860457</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain" title="Category:Córdoba, Spain">Córdoba, Spain</a></li><li><a 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