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It tells of a clerical student returning home on a cold <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a> evening who stops at a fire and meets two widows. He recounts to them the <a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">canonical</a> <a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospels</a>' story of the <a href="/wiki/Denial_of_Peter" title="Denial of Peter">Denial of Peter</a> and upon finishing, notes that these two women are deeply moved, leading him to conclude that all of history is connected through truth and beauty. </p><p>At four pages, "The Student" is one of Chekhov's shortest stories and was the one he identified as his favorite among his own works. Critics have disagreed about whether the protagonist's point of view at the end of the story coincides with Chekhov's perspective. Other critical interpretation has focused on the symmetrical structure of "The Student" as well as the significance of the language used both to tell the story of the Denial of Peter and to tell the story as a whole. "The Student" has been praised by critics for its compactness and delicacy. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plot">Plot</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Student_(short_story)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Plot"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="596" data-mwtitle="Student_chekov_arc.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Student_chekov_arc.ogg"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/Student_chekov_arc.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/83/Student_chekov_arc.ogg/Student_chekov_arc.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption>A recording of <a href="/wiki/Constance_Garnett" title="Constance Garnett">Constance Garnett</a>'s translation of "The Student" (09:56)</figcaption></figure> <p>On a <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a> evening, Ivan Velikopolsky, a 22-year-old <a href="/wiki/Sacristan" title="Sacristan">sacristan</a>'s son and clerical student, walks home and imagines that the bitter wind, cold, and darkness he experiences were also felt throughout history: by <a href="/wiki/Rurik" title="Rurik">Rurik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ivan_the_Terrible" title="Ivan the Terrible">Ivan the Terrible</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Peter_the_Great" title="Peter the Great">Peter the Great</a>. Along his path, he meets Vasilisa and Lukerya, a mother and her daughter who have both been widowed. As he joins them around their fire, Ivan remarks that the warmth they feel must also have been felt by <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Saint Peter</a>. Suddenly, he asks if the widows have been reading the <a href="/wiki/Maundy_Thursday#Eastern_Christianity" title="Maundy Thursday">Twelve Passion Gospels</a> to which Vasilisa replies that they have. </p><p>Ivan begins to recount the story of the <a href="/wiki/Denial_of_Peter" title="Denial of Peter">Denial of Peter</a>, in which Jesus foretells to Saint Peter that he will thrice deny Him before the next crowing of the cock. Peter follows Jesus upon <a href="/wiki/Arrest_of_Jesus" title="Arrest of Jesus">His arrest</a> and joins some workers in the yard standing around a fire as He is questioned. Thrice the workers suspiciously ask Peter if he knows Jesus and thrice he denies his acquaintance. A cock crows and Peter, realizing what he has done, weeps. </p><p>Ivan ends his story deep in thought as Vasilisa begins to cry and Lukerya looks on in pain. He parts with the widows and continues homeward, thinking that his story troubled Lukerya and made Vasilisa weep not because he told it well but because the tale was relevant to them nineteen centuries later. As he rides the ferry to his village, Ivan comes to believe that truth and beauty serve as the connectors of all human history and he is filled with joy and awe at life itself. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publication">Publication</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Student_(short_story)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Publication"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dealing with a strong cough, <a href="/wiki/Anton_Chekhov" title="Anton Chekhov">Anton Chekhov</a> wrote "The Student" while on a monthlong vacation to <a href="/wiki/Yalta" title="Yalta">Yalta</a>, a city he found to be "ever so boring".<sup id="cite_ref-three_versions_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-three_versions-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The story, which initially bore the title "In the Evening", was published in issue number 104 of the newspaper <i><span title="Russian-language text"><i lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/Russkiye_Vedomosti" class="mw-redirect" title="Russkiye Vedomosti">Russkie Vedomosti</a></i></span></i> (<i>The Russian News</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on April 16, 1894,<sup id="cite_ref-Bogdanova_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bogdanova-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and, at just four pages long, was one of Chekhov's shortest stories.<sup id="cite_ref-ward_no._6_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ward_no._6-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-commentaries_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-commentaries-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-literary_journals_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-literary_journals-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-effects_or_subtexts_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-effects_or_subtexts-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later in 1894, "The Student" was republished in the collection <i>Novellas and Stories</i> (<i><span title="Russian-language text"><i lang="ru">Povesti i rasskazyi</i></span></i>). For this edition, Chekhov clarified why Vasilisa wept, heightened Ivan's reaction to the dark and cold near the story's beginning, and made clearer the connection between truth, beauty, and human history.<sup id="cite_ref-ward_no._6_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ward_no._6-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While editing the text, Chekhov extended rather than curtailed it, which was a rarity for the author.<sup id="cite_ref-commentaries_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-commentaries-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chekhov relayed to <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Bunin" title="Ivan Bunin">Ivan Bunin</a> that "The Student" was his favorite among his own short stories.<sup id="cite_ref-three_versions_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-three_versions-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-killing_realism_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-killing_realism-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to L. M. O'Toole, it was also the story "that [Chekhov] considered to be structurally most perfect" among his oeuvre.<sup id="cite_ref-structure_and_style_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-structure_and_style-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chekhov referenced it as a counterexample when challenged that his works were overtly pessimistic, describing it to his brother <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Chekhov" title="Alexander Chekhov">Alexander</a> as his "manifesto for optimism".<sup id="cite_ref-three_versions_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-three_versions-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-killing_realism_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-killing_realism-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chekhov included the story in the eighth volume of his collected works published by <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Marks" title="Adolf Marks">Adolf Marks</a> in 1899–1901.<sup id="cite_ref-commentaries_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-commentaries-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "The Student" received an English translation by <a href="/wiki/Constance_Garnett" title="Constance Garnett">Constance Garnett</a> in 1918 when it was published in the <i>Tales of Chekhov</i> series in the volume <i>The Witch, and Other Stories</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Analysis">Analysis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Student_(short_story)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Analysis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chekhov's contemporaries believed Ivan's epiphany in the end of "The Student" represented a "conversion" for the agnostic author himself.<sup id="cite_ref-pragmatics_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pragmatics-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was echoed a century later when <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_bishop" title="Metropolitan bishop">metropolitan bishop</a> Veniamin (Fedchenkov) wrote, "nowhere does Chekhov write ill about the Orthodox clergy".<sup id="cite_ref-restatement_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-restatement-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Veniamin, the effect of "The Student" is indescribably moving, even to nonbelievers.<sup id="cite_ref-restatement_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-restatement-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Andrey Shcherbenok wrote that Ivan's reinvigoration with beauty and truth at the story's end has been viewed as "<span class="nowrap">coincid[ing]</span> with the authorial perspective" but that "The problem with this interpretation is that the narrative agency in 'The Student' is so fluid that it is difficult to separate the voice of the authorial narrator from that of a hero."<sup id="cite_ref-killing_realism_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-killing_realism-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mark Stanley Swift commented that Veniamin's reading of the story "confuses the poignant portrayal of the faithful and the intimate depiction of religious experience for personal belief on the part of the author".<sup id="cite_ref-restatement_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-restatement-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cathy Popkin presented an alternative interpretation of the story's ending, writing that Ivan's epiphany may have instead been intended by Chekhov to be "a transitory result of [Ivan's] youthful impetuosity, a phase of no lasting significance".<sup id="cite_ref-pragmatics_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pragmatics-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Olga Bogdanova, the character of Ivan was written with the work of <a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Leo Tolstoy</a> in mind, as Chekhov had long been interested in Tolstoy's ideas and morals but, by March 1894, had disavowed them, writing that "Tolstoy's morality has ceased to touch me".<sup id="cite_ref-zvezda_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zvezda-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To this end, Bogdanova wrote that the revelation at the conclusion of "The Student" was often taken at face value by modern literary critics but that an <a href="/wiki/Intertextual" class="mw-redirect" title="Intertextual">intertextual</a> reading of the story considering the influence of Tolstoy's works suggests that Ivan's revelation was speculative and naive.<sup id="cite_ref-zvezda_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zvezda-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Robert Louis Jackson wrote that Chekhov may have changed the story's title from its first publication (when it was called "In the Evening") to its second "not simply because the story moves from darkness to light ... but because with respect to the essential lessons of life he believed that the human being is an eternal student, forever failing, forever drawing a deep spiritual breath, and forever restarting the journey".<sup id="cite_ref-jackson_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jackson-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Different aspects of the story within the story resonate with the student and the widows, according to David Weiss.<sup id="cite_ref-happiness_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-happiness-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For Ivan, "it's Peter's failure, his denials, his weakness that matter" while to Vasilisa and Lukerya, "it's the way he suffers for his failures, failure despite his good intentions, good intentions undone by fear and human weakness".<sup id="cite_ref-happiness_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-happiness-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jackson wrote that Vasilisa and Lukerya are the story's true heroes, since "in the most essential terms of human experience they have kept the faith: theirs is the light of the biblical 'burning bush,' and they have kept the fires burning".<sup id="cite_ref-jackson_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jackson-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Structure_and_style">Structure and style</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Student_(short_story)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Structure and style"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chludov_saint_peter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A marginal drawing from an illuminated manuscript; depicted, a rooster calls and Peter, dressed in light green, weeps." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Chludov_saint_peter.jpg/220px-Chludov_saint_peter.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="306" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Chludov_saint_peter.jpg/330px-Chludov_saint_peter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Chludov_saint_peter.jpg/440px-Chludov_saint_peter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="625" data-file-height="870" /></a><figcaption>The Denial of Peter, from the 9th century <a href="/wiki/Chludov_Psalter" title="Chludov Psalter">Chludov Psalter</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The structure of "The Student" follows a descent–ascent pattern mirroring that in <a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri">Dante Alighieri</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Inferno_(Dante)" title="Inferno (Dante)">Inferno</a></i>, according to Michael Finke: "The hero moves in spirit and space from cheerfulness in the thick woods before the onset of darkness, to despondency with the onset of night and bitter cold in a low, marshy place, and then to euphoria with the crossing of a river and ascent in space."<sup id="cite_ref-hero's_descent_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hero's_descent-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Rayfield" title="Donald Rayfield">Donald Rayfield</a> described the story as having a "cyclic shape" in which "all the details of the scene are mirrored in the story of Peter's betrayal, which in turn is mirrored in the final page of narrative".<sup id="cite_ref-rayfield133_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rayfield133-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ivan begins to identify some of the similarities between his situation and that of Peter in his story, according to Jefferson Hunter, but he fails to recognize the extent to which his interactions with Vasilisa and Lukerya are a reenactment of the story of Peter. Hunter wrote that "Both Ivan and Peter are simultaneously self-centered and ignorant about themselves, the ignorance being symbolized in Peter's case by his repeated denials of his true identity and exemplified in Ivan's by his innocent joy at 'discovering' something his despair has already taught him: the sameness of human life over the ages."<sup id="cite_ref-three_versions_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-three_versions-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>L. S. K. le Fleming wrote that Chekhov used partially antonymous sets of words like "cold", "wind", and "blown" and "fire", "bonfire", and "heat"<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in a way that related them both to the condition of the student and that of the environment: at the story's outset, Ivan grapples with thoughts of suffering as cold winds blow, then gains newfound physical and spiritual warmth at the bonfire where he relates the biblical tale and, as he departs, the "glow of warmth in his soul is even reflected back onto the natural scene in a crimson glow which lingers in the sky from the sunset."<sup id="cite_ref-structural_role_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-structural_role-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Rayfield, the language in "The Student" begins as "harsh and laconic", then becomes "rich and gentle" as the protagonist recounts his story, then mirrors in its rhythm the natures of characters after he is finished.<sup id="cite_ref-rayfield133_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rayfield133-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ivan's language, as described by Rayfield, is a mishmash of childlike repetition of adjectives and <a href="/wiki/Church_Slavonic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Church Slavonic language">Church Slavonic</a>, "mingling the past with the present in the very texture of the prose".<sup id="cite_ref-rayfield133_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rayfield133-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the Denial of Peter is recounted in all four <a href="/wiki/Canonical_Gospels" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonical Gospels">Canonical Gospels</a>, Ivan's retelling calls specifically upon language from the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Gospel of Luke</a>, despite the absence of that Gospel's recounting of Peter's Denial among the Twelve Passion Gospels. Ivan favors the language from the Gospel of Luke, according to David W. Martin, because it is more dramatic than the language found in analogous portions of the Gospels of <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Matthew</a> or <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">John</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rayfield described the third-to-last paragraph as "a Tolstoyan series of syllogisms" that are clumsily constructed by Ivan who, in the final paragraph–a single flowing sentence of more than 100 words–rejects the cerebral syllogistic approach in favor of an emotional climax.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERayfield1999133–134_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERayfield1999133–134-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Themes">Themes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Student_(short_story)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Themes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>O'Toole wrote that the short story's theme is <a href="/wiki/Catharsis" title="Catharsis">catharsis</a>: "the power of tragedy to move and inspire".<sup id="cite_ref-structure_and_style_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-structure_and_style-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Tatiana Spektor, "The Student" exists as part of "the traditional Russian dialogue between religion and atheism" due to its exploration of philosophical questions by means of literary texts (here the Denial of Peter).<sup id="cite_ref-christian_subtext_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-christian_subtext-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Spektor wrote that the interdependence of all things<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a major theme in "The Student", and Rayfield described the story as "a parable about art", a distinction which he believed fit few other of Chekhov's stories.<sup id="cite_ref-christian_subtext_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-christian_subtext-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERayfield1999131_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERayfield1999131-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Student_(short_story)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to Rayfield, "'The Student' is a perfect example in miniature of Chekhov's art, and it bridges the gap between the ecstatic mood of the <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ecclesiastical#English" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:ecclesiastical">ecclesiastical</a> and steppe stories of 1886–7 and the lyricism of the prose of the 1900s."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERayfield1999134_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERayfield1999134-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "'The Student' is only a few pages long, but it is a story of extraordinary economy, beauty, and power", wrote James N. Loehlin.<sup id="cite_ref-cambridge_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cambridge-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He continued that the story "not only describes the power of narrative to evoke spiritual truth, it embodies it".<sup id="cite_ref-cambridge_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cambridge-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kerry McSweeney wrote that Ivan's revelation at the story's end may also provide a similar feeling of epiphany to the reader, writing that "What is central is the continuing power of Chekhov's artwork to establish connections–to forge new links in a living chain that is not vertical, timeless, and sacred but horizontal, temporal and secular."<sup id="cite_ref-effects_or_subtexts_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-effects_or_subtexts-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Student_(short_story)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Easter_Eve_(short_story)" title="Easter Eve (short story)">Easter Eve</a>", another Chekhov story taking place around Easter</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Student_(short_story)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Bogdanova-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bogdanova_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bogdanova_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bogdanova (2019) gives the initial publication date as April 15, 1894.<sup id="cite_ref-zvezda_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zvezda-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><span title="Russian-language text"><i lang="ru">Russkie Vedomosti</i></span></i> may also be translated as <i>Russian Gazette</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-ward_no._6_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ward_no._6-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Respectively, the words mentioned by le Fleming are <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">холод, ветер, дуть, огонь, костёр,</span></span> and <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">греть</span></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-structural_role_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-structural_role-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Spektor specifically refers to the concept of <i><span title="Russian-language text"><i lang="ru">sobor</i></span></i>, the Russian version of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/catholicity" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:catholicity">catholicity</a> or "the communion between the living and the dead which takes place among the saved and is the evidence that the dead have been resurrected and exist at a spiritual level."<sup id="cite_ref-christian_subtext_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-christian_subtext-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Student_(short_story)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-zvezda-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-zvezda_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-zvezda_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-zvezda_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBogdanova2019" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bogdanova, Olga (January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zvezdaspb.ru/index.php?page=8&nput=3443">"Самый любимый рассказ А. П. Чехова ("Студент")"</a> [A. P. Chekhov's favorite short story ("The Student")]. <i><a href="/wiki/Zvezda_(magazine)" title="Zvezda (magazine)">Zvezda</a></i> (in Russian). Vol. 19, no. 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200524180533/https://zvezdaspb.ru/index.php?page=8&nput=3443">Archived</a> from the original on May 24, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 24,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zvezda&rft.atitle=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7+%D0%90.+%D0%9F.+%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%28%22%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%22%29&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2019-01&rft.aulast=Bogdanova&rft.aufirst=Olga&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzvezdaspb.ru%2Findex.php%3Fpage%3D8%26nput%3D3443&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Student+%28short+story%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-three_versions-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-three_versions_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-three_versions_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-three_versions_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-three_versions_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHunter1980" class="citation journal cs1">Hunter, Jefferson (Spring 1980). "Three Versions of Peter's Denial". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hudson_Review" title="The Hudson Review">The Hudson Review</a></i>. <b>33</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">39–</span>57. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3850713">10.2307/3850713</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3850713">3850713</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hudson+Review&rft.atitle=Three+Versions+of+Peter%27s+Denial&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E39-%3C%2Fspan%3E57&rft.date=1980&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3850713&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3850713%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Hunter&rft.aufirst=Jefferson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Student+%28short+story%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ward_no._6-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ward_no._6_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ward_no._6_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ward_no._6_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChekhov2002" class="citation book cs1">Chekhov, Anton (2002). Wilks, Ronald (ed.). <i>Ward No. 6 and Other Stories, 1892–1895</i>. London: Penguin Books. p. 332. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-044786-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-044786-6"><bdi>978-0-14-044786-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ward+No.+6+and+Other+Stories%2C+1892%E2%80%931895&rft.place=London&rft.pages=332&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-14-044786-6&rft.aulast=Chekhov&rft.aufirst=Anton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Student+%28short+story%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-commentaries-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-commentaries_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-commentaries_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-commentaries_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMuratova1960" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Muratova, K. D. (1960). "Commentaries to Студент". <i>The Works by A.P. Chekhov in 12 volumes</i>. Vol. 7. Moscow: <a href="/wiki/Khudozhestvennaya_Literatura" title="Khudozhestvennaya Literatura">Khudozhestvennaya Literatura</a>. p. 539. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/493068886">493068886</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Commentaries+to+%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82&rft.btitle=The+Works+by+A.P.+Chekhov+in+12+volumes&rft.place=Moscow&rft.pages=539&rft.pub=Khudozhestvennaya+Literatura&rft.date=1960&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F493068886&rft.aulast=Muratova&rft.aufirst=K.+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Student+%28short+story%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-literary_journals-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-literary_journals_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDurkin1997" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Durkin, Andrew R. (1997). "Chekhov and the Journals of His Time". In Martinsen, Deborah A. (ed.). <i>Literary Journals in Imperial Russia</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 240. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FCBO9780511665752.012">10.1017/CBO9780511665752.012</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-13522-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-13522-1"><bdi>978-0-521-13522-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chekhov+and+the+Journals+of+His+Time&rft.btitle=Literary+Journals+in+Imperial+Russia&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=240&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FCBO9780511665752.012&rft.isbn=978-0-521-13522-1&rft.aulast=Durkin&rft.aufirst=Andrew+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Student+%28short+story%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNarayan2012" class="citation book cs1">Narayan, Kirin (2012). <i>Alive in the Writing: Crafting Ethnography in the Company of Chekhov</i>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 107. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7208%2Fchicago%2F9780226567921.001.0001">10.7208/chicago/9780226567921.001.0001</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-56818-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-56818-8"><bdi>978-0-226-56818-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alive+in+the+Writing%3A+Crafting+Ethnography+in+the+Company+of+Chekhov&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pages=107&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7208%2Fchicago%2F9780226567921.001.0001&rft.isbn=978-0-226-56818-8&rft.aulast=Narayan&rft.aufirst=Kirin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Student+%28short+story%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-effects_or_subtexts-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-effects_or_subtexts_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-effects_or_subtexts_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcSweeney2004" class="citation journal cs1">McSweeney, Kerry (Spring–Autumn 2004). "Chekhov's Stories: Effects or Subtexts?". <i>Modern Language Studies</i>. <b>34</b> (<span class="nowrap">1–</span>2): <span class="nowrap">42–</span>51. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F4150055">10.2307/4150055</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4150055">4150055</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Modern+Language+Studies&rft.atitle=Chekhov%27s+Stories%3A+Effects+or+Subtexts%3F&rft.chron=spring%E2%80%93fall&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E42-%3C%2Fspan%3E51&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F4150055&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4150055%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=McSweeney&rft.aufirst=Kerry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Student+%28short+story%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-killing_realism-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-killing_realism_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-killing_realism_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-killing_realism_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShcherbenok2010" class="citation journal cs1">Shcherbenok, Andrey (Summer 2010). 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M. (January 1971). 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"Chekhov's 'The Student'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". In Jackson, Robert Louis (ed.). <i>Reading Chekhov's Text</i>. 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"The Hero's Descent to the Underworld in Chekhov". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Russian_Review" title="The Russian Review">The Russian Review</a></i>. <b>53</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">67–</span>80. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F131295">10.2307/131295</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/131295">131295</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Russian+Review&rft.atitle=The+Hero%27s+Descent+to+the+Underworld+in+Chekhov&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E67-%3C%2Fspan%3E80&rft.date=1994-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F131295&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F131295%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Finke&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Student+%28short+story%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rayfield133-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rayfield133_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rayfield133_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rayfield133_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRayfield1999" class="citation book cs1">Rayfield, Donald (1999). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/understandingche0000rayf"><i>Understanding Chekhov: A Critical Study of Chekhov's Prose and Drama</i></a></span>. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/understandingche0000rayf/page/133">133</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-299-16314-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-299-16314-3"><bdi>978-0-299-16314-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+Chekhov%3A+A+Critical+Study+of+Chekhov%27s+Prose+and+Drama&rft.place=Madison%2C+WI&rft.pages=133&rft.pub=University+of+Wisconsin+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-299-16314-3&rft.aulast=Rayfield&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Funderstandingche0000rayf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Student+%28short+story%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-structural_role-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-structural_role_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-structural_role_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFle_Fleming1970" class="citation journal cs1">le Fleming, L. 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"The Orthodox Christian Subtext of Trifonov's Allusions to Chekhov's 'The Student' in <i>Another Life</i>". <i>The Slavic and East European Journal</i>. <b>45</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">473–</span>489. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3086365">10.2307/3086365</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3086365">3086365</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Slavic+and+East+European+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Orthodox+Christian+Subtext+of+Trifonov%27s+Allusions+to+Chekhov%27s+%27The+Student%27+in+Another+Life&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E473-%3C%2Fspan%3E489&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3086365&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3086365%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Spektor&rft.aufirst=Tatiana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Student+%28short+story%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERayfield1999131-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERayfield1999131_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRayfield1999">Rayfield 1999</a>, p. 131.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERayfield1999134-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERayfield1999134_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRayfield1999">Rayfield 1999</a>, p. 134.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cambridge-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cambridge_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cambridge_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLoehlin2010" class="citation book cs1">Loehlin, James N. (2010). <i>The Cambridge Introduction to Chekhov</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">89–</span>90. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FCBO9780511781278.008">10.1017/CBO9780511781278.008</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-88077-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-88077-0"><bdi>978-0-521-88077-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Introduction+to+Chekhov&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E89-%3C%2Fspan%3E90&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FCBO9780511781278.008&rft.isbn=978-0-521-88077-0&rft.aulast=Loehlin&rft.aufirst=James+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Student+%28short+story%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Student_(short_story)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMatyushenko2009" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Matyushenko, A. G. (September 14, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150928172748/http://www.pravmir.ru/k-voprosu-o-duxovnom-soderzhanii-rasskaza-a-p-chexova-student/">"К вопросу о духовном содержании рассказа А. П. Чехова "Студент"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> [To a question about the spiritual content of A. P. Chekhov's story "The Student"]. <i>Pravmir</i> (in Russian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pravmir.ru/k-voprosu-o-duxovnom-soderzhanii-rasskaza-a-p-chexova-student/">the original</a> on September 28, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pravmir&rft.atitle=%D0%9A+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83+%D0%BE+%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0+%D0%90.+%D0%9F.+%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%22%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%22&rft.date=2009-09-14&rft.aulast=Matyushenko&rft.aufirst=A.+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pravmir.ru%2Fk-voprosu-o-duxovnom-soderzhanii-rasskaza-a-p-chexova-student%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Student+%28short+story%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShchelkunova2016" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Shchelkunova, Svetlana (2016). "Изучение рассказа А.П. Чехова 'Студент' в контексте евангельского сюжета" [Studying Anton Chekhov's Story "The Student" in the Context of the Gospel Storyline]. <i>Profession-Oriented School</i> (in Russian). <b>4</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">27–</span>32. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.12737%2F18349">10.12737/18349</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Profession-Oriented+School&rft.atitle=%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0+%D0%90.%D0%9F.+%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%27%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%27+%D0%B2+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5+%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%81%D1%8E%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E27-%3C%2Fspan%3E32&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.12737%2F18349&rft.aulast=Shchelkunova&rft.aufirst=Svetlana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Student+%28short+story%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Student_(short_story)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/20px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> Works related to <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Student" class="extiw" title="wikisource:The Student">The Student</a> at Wikisource</li> <li>Reading and discussion about the story with <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lydon" title="Christopher Lydon">Christopher Lydon</a> on radio <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://radioopensource.org/reading-chekhov-iv-the-student/">Open Source</a> (Mar 2014) and podcast <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://radioopensource.org/write-like-the-russians/">Open Source</a> Lydon joined by <a href="/wiki/George_Saunders" title="George Saunders">George Saunders</a> (Feb 2021)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output 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aria-labelledby="Anton_Chekhov227" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Anton_Chekhov227" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Anton_Chekhov" title="Anton Chekhov">Anton Chekhov</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Chekhov_bibliography" title="Anton Chekhov bibliography">Bibliography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Platonov_(play)" title="Platonov (play)">Platonov</a></i> (1881)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Harmful_Effects_of_Tobacco" title="On the Harmful Effects of Tobacco">On the Harmful Effects of Tobacco</a></i> (1886, 1902)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Swansong_(play)" title="Swansong (play)">Swansong</a></i> (1887)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ivanov_(play)" title="Ivanov (play)">Ivanov</a></i> (1887)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bear_(play)" title="The Bear (play)">The Bear</a></i> (1888)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Tragedian_in_Spite_of_Himself" title="A Tragedian in Spite of Himself">A Tragedian in Spite of Himself</a></i> (1889)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wedding_(Chekhov_play)" title="The Wedding (Chekhov play)">The Wedding</a></i> (1889)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tatiana_Repina" title="Tatiana Repina">Tatiana Repina</a></i> (1889)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wood_Demon_(play)" title="The Wood Demon (play)">The Wood Demon</a></i> (1889)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Marriage_Proposal" title="A Marriage Proposal">A Marriage Proposal</a></i> (1890)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Festivities" title="The Festivities">The Festivities</a></i> (1891)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Seagull" title="The Seagull">The Seagull</a></i> (1896)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Vanya" title="Uncle Vanya">Uncle Vanya</a></i> (1897)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Three_Sisters_(play)" title="Three Sisters (play)">Three Sisters</a></i> (1901)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cherry_Orchard" title="The Cherry Orchard">The Cherry Orchard</a></i> (1904)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Shooting_Party_(Chekhov_novel)" title="The Shooting Party (Chekhov novel)">The Shooting Party</a></i> (1884)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novellas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Steppe_(novella)" title="The Steppe (novella)">The Steppe</a></i> (1888)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Duel_(Chekhov_novella)" title="The Duel (Chekhov novella)">The Duel</a></i> (1891)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Story_of_an_Unknown_Man" title="The Story of an Unknown Man">The Story of an Unknown Man</a></i> (1893)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Three_Years" title="Three Years">Three Years</a></i> (1895)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/My_Life_(novella)" title="My Life (novella)">My Life</a></i> (1896)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Short stories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Motley Stories</i> (1886)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/An_Enigmatic_Nature" title="An Enigmatic Nature">An Enigmatic Nature</a>" (1883)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Death_of_a_Government_Clerk" title="The Death of a Government Clerk">The Death of a Government Clerk</a>" (1883)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Fat_and_Thin" title="Fat and Thin">Fat and Thin</a>" (1883)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Surgery_(short_story)" title="Surgery (short story)">Surgery</a>" (1884)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Chameleon_(short_story)" title="The Chameleon (short story)">The Chameleon</a>" (1884)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Oysters_(short_story)" title="Oysters (short story)">Oysters</a>" (1884)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Living_Chronology" title="A Living Chronology">A Living Chronology</a>" (1885)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Small_Fry_(short_story)" title="Small Fry (short story)">Small Fry</a>" (1885)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Fish_(short_story)" title="The Fish (short story)">The Fish</a>" (1885)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Huntsman_(short_story)" title="The Huntsman (short story)">The Huntsman</a>" (1885)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Malefactor" title="A Malefactor">A Malefactor</a>" (1885)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Children_(short_story)" title="Children (short story)">Children</a>" (1886)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Misery_(short_story)" title="Misery (short story)">Misery</a>" (1886)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Anyuta_(short_story)" title="Anyuta (short story)">Anyuta</a>" (1886)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Ivan_Matveyich" title="Ivan Matveyich">Ivan Matveyich</a>" (1886)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>In the Twilight</i> (1887)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Requiem_(short_story)" title="The Requiem (short story)">The Requiem</a>" (1886)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Witch_(short_story)" title="The Witch (short story)">The Witch</a>" (1886)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Agafya_(short_story)" title="Agafya (short story)">Agafya</a>" (1886)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Easter_Eve_(short_story)" title="Easter Eve (short story)">Easter Eve</a>" (1886)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Misfortune" title="A Misfortune">A Misfortune</a>" (1886)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Home_(short_story)" title="Home (short story)">Home</a>" (1887)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Stories</i> (1888)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Privy_Councillor" title="The Privy Councillor">The Privy Councillor</a>" (1886)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Mire_(short_story)" title="Mire (short story)">Mire</a>" (1886)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Vanka_(short_story)" title="Vanka (short story)">Vanka</a>" (1886)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Happiness_(short_story)" title="Happiness (short story)">Happiness</a>" (1887)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Gloomy People</i> (1890)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Cattle-Dealers" title="The Cattle-Dealers">The Cattle-Dealers</a>" (1887)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Sleepy_(short_story)" title="Sleepy (short story)">Sleepy</a>" (1888)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Dreary_Story" title="A Dreary Story">A Dreary Story</a>" (1889)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Nervous_Breakdown" title="A Nervous Breakdown">A Nervous Breakdown</a>" (1889)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Ward No. 6</i> (1893)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Gusev_(short_story)" title="Gusev (short story)">Gusev</a>" (1890)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Peasant_Wives" title="Peasant Wives">Peasant Wives</a>" (1891)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Ward_No._6" title="Ward No. 6">Ward No. 6</a>" (1892)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Novellas and<br />Stories</i> (1894)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Grasshopper_(short_story)" title="The Grasshopper (short story)">The Grasshopper</a>" (1892)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/In_Exile_(short_story)" title="In Exile (short story)">In Exile</a>" (1892)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Black_Monk" title="The Black Monk">The Black Monk</a>" (1894)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Rothschild%27s_Violin" title="Rothschild's Violin">Rothschild's Violin</a>" (1894)</li> <li>"<a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Student</a>" (1894)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Teacher_of_Literature" title="The Teacher of Literature">The Teacher of Literature</a>" (1894)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Little Trilogy</i> (1898)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Man_in_the_Case" title="The Man in the Case">The Man in the Case</a>" (1898)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Gooseberries_(short_story)" title="Gooseberries (short story)">Gooseberries</a>" (1898)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/About_Love_(short_story)" title="About Love (short story)">About Love</a>" (1898)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Stories</i> (1901)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Anna_on_the_Neck" title="Anna on the Neck">Anna on the Neck</a>" (1895)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Ariadne_(short_story)" title="Ariadne (short story)">Ariadne</a>" (1895)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_House_with_the_Mezzanine" title="The House with the Mezzanine">The House with the Mezzanine</a>" (1895)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Peasants_(novella)" title="Peasants (novella)">Peasants</a>" (1897)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Petcheneg" title="The Petcheneg">The Petcheneg</a>" (1897)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/At_Home_(short_story)" title="At Home (short story)">At Home</a>" (1897)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/In_the_Cart" title="In the Cart">In the Cart</a>" (1897)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Ionych" title="Ionych">Ionych</a>" (1898)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Doctor%27s_Visit" title="A Doctor's Visit">A Doctor's Visit</a>" (1898)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/On_Official_Duty" title="On Official Duty">On Official Duty</a>" (1899)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Darling_(short_story)" title="The Darling (short story)">The Darling</a>" (1899)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other stories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Complaints_Book" title="The Complaints Book">The Complaints Book</a>" (1884)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Horsey_Name" title="A Horsey Name">A Horsey Name</a>" (1885)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Sergeant_Prishibeyev" title="Sergeant Prishibeyev">Sergeant Prishibeyev</a>" (1885)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Grisha_(short_story)" title="Grisha (short story)">Grisha</a>" (1886)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Gentleman_Friend" title="A Gentleman Friend">A Gentleman Friend</a>" (1886)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Chorus_Girl" title="The Chorus Girl">The Chorus Girl</a>" (1886)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Shrove_Tuesday_(short_story)" title="Shrove Tuesday (short story)">Shrove Tuesday</a>" (1886)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/First_Aid_(short_story)" title="First Aid (short story)">First Aid</a>" (1887)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Runaway_(short_story)" title="The Runaway (short story)">The Runaway</a>" (1887)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Siren_(short_story)" title="The Siren (short story)">The Siren</a>" (1887)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Boys_(short_story)" title="Boys (short story)">Boys</a>" (1887)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Kashtanka" title="Kashtanka">Kashtanka</a>" (1887)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Story_Without_a_Title" title="A Story Without a Title">A Story Without a Title</a>" (1888)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Bet_(short_story)" title="The Bet (short story)">The Bet</a>" (1889)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Whitebrow" title="Whitebrow">Whitebrow</a>" (1895)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Lady_with_the_Dog" title="The Lady with the Dog">The Lady with the Dog</a>" (1899)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/In_the_Ravine" title="In the Ravine">In the Ravine</a>" (1900)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Bishop_(short_story)" title="The Bishop (short story)">The Bishop</a>" (1902)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Betrothed_(short_story)" title="Betrothed (short story)">Betrothed</a>" (1903)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-fiction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i><a href="/wiki/Sakhalin_Island_(book)" title="Sakhalin Island (book)">Sakhalin Island</a></i> (1893–1895)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olga_Knipper" title="Olga Knipper">Olga Knipper (wife)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Chekhova" title="Maria Chekhova">Maria Chekhova (sister)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Chekhov_(writer)" title="Mikhail Chekhov (writer)">Mikhail Chekhov (brother)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osip_Dymov" title="Osip Dymov">Osip Dymov (character)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birthplace_of_Anton_Chekhov" title="Birthplace of Anton Chekhov">Birth house and museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chekhov_Shop" title="Chekhov Shop">Chekov Shop, home and museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melikhovo" title="Melikhovo">Melikhovo, home and museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Dacha" title="White Dacha">White Dacha, home and museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chekhov_Gymnasium" title="Chekhov Gymnasium">Chekhov Gymnasium and museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chekhov_Library" title="Chekhov Library">Chekhov Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bust_of_Anton_Chekhov" title="Bust of Anton Chekhov">Bust, Taganrog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chekhov_Monument,_Taganrog" title="Chekhov Monument, Taganrog">Statue, Taganrog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chekhov_Monument,_Rostov-on-Don" title="Chekhov Monument, Rostov-on-Don">Statue, Rostov-on-Don</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chekhov%27s_gun" title="Chekhov's gun">Chekhov's gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Show,_don%27t_tell" title="Show, don't tell">Show, don't tell</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fragments_(magazine)" title="Fragments (magazine)">Fragments</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wild_Honey_(play)" title="Wild Honey (play)">Wild Honey</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Anton_Chekhov" title="Category:Anton Chekhov">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> 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