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href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%8D%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%BC%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%9C%CE%AC%CE%BB%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Σύνταγμα της Μάλτας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σύνταγμα της Μάλτας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constituci%C3%B3n_de_Malta" title="Constitución de Malta – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Constitución de Malta" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA" title="قانون اساسی مالت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قانون اساسی مالت" 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data-title="Constitutio Melitae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostituzzjoni_ta%E2%80%99_Malta" title="Kostituzzjoni ta’ Malta – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Kostituzzjoni ta’ Malta" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maltas_grunnlov" title="Maltas grunnlov – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Maltas grunnlov" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstytucja_Malty" 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="text-align:center;background: #ededed;">Constitution of Malta</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ededed;">Overview</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Jurisdiction</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Presented</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/1964_Maltese_constitutional_referendum" title="1964 Maltese constitutional referendum">2–4 May 1964</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Effective_date" class="mw-redirect" title="Effective date">Date effective</a></th><td class="infobox-data">21 September 1964</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">System</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">Unitary</a> <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary</a> <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">republic</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ededed;">Government structure</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Government_branch" class="mw-redirect" title="Government branch">Branches</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">Head of state</a></th><td class="infobox-data">President</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Legislative_chamber" title="Legislative chamber">Chambers</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Unicameralism" title="Unicameralism">Unicameral</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Executive_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive government">Executive</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/President_of_Malta" title="President of Malta">President</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Federalism" title="Federalism">Federalism</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Unitary</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_college" title="Electoral college">Electoral college</a></th><td class="infobox-data">No</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">First legislature</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/1966_Maltese_general_election" title="1966 Maltese general election">1966</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First executive</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Mamo" title="Anthony Mamo">1974</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Last amended</th><td class="infobox-data">2020</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislation.mt/eli/const/eng/pdf">Malta 1964</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Supersedes</th><td class="infobox-data">1961 Constitution of Malta</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ededed;">Full text</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/16px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/32px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Malta" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Constitution of Malta">Constitution of Malta</a> at <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="adr"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Malta" title="Politics of Malta">Politics of Malta</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Malta.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Coat_of_arms_of_Malta.svg/125px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Coat_of_arms_of_Malta.svg/188px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Coat_of_arms_of_Malta.svg/250px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="859" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Republic</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Malta" title="President of Malta">President</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Malta#Presidents_of_the_Republic_of_Malta_(1974–present)" title="List of heads of state of Malta">list</a>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Myriam_Spiteri_Debono" title="Myriam Spiteri Debono">Myriam Spiteri Debono</a></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Malta" title="Government of Malta">Government</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malta" title="Prime Minister of Malta">Prime Minister</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Malta" title="List of prime ministers of Malta">list</a>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_Abela" title="Robert Abela">Robert Abela</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Malta">Deputy Prime Minister</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_deputy_prime_ministers_of_Malta" title="List of deputy prime ministers of Malta">list</a>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Ian_Borg" title="Ian Borg">Ian Borg</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Malta" title="Cabinet of Malta">Cabinet</a> (<a href="/wiki/Maltese_Government_2017%E2%80%932022" title="Maltese Government 2017–2022">current</a>)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Malta" title="Parliament of Malta">Parliament</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_Malta" title="Speaker of the House of Representatives of Malta">Speaker</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_Malta" title="List of speakers of the House of Representatives of Malta">list</a>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Angelo_Farrugia" title="Angelo Farrugia">Angelo Farrugia</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Speaker_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_Malta" title="Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives of Malta">Deputy Speaker</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_deputy_speakers_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_Malta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of deputy speakers of the House of Representatives of Malta (page does not exist)">list</a>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/David_Agius" title="David Agius">David Agius</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leader_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_Malta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leader of the House of Representatives of Malta (page does not exist)">Leader of the House</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_leaders_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_Malta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of leaders of the House of Representatives of Malta (page does not exist)">list</a>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Ian_Borg" title="Ian Borg">Ian Borg</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Malta)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Malta)">Leader of the Opposition</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Leaders_of_the_Opposition_of_Malta" title="List of Leaders of the Opposition of Malta">list</a>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Grech" title="Bernard Grech">Bernard Grech</a></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Malta" title="Judiciary of Malta">Judiciary</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Malta" title="Chief Justice of Malta">Chief Justice</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Chief_Justices_of_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chief Justices of Malta">list</a>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Mark_Chetcuti" title="Mark Chetcuti">Mark Chetcuti</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_Courts_and_Tribunals_of_Malta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law Courts and Tribunals of Malta (page does not exist)">Law Courts and Tribunals</a></li> <li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Commission_for_the_Administration_of_Justice_of_Malta" title="Commission for the Administration of Justice of Malta">Commission for the<br />Administration of Justice</a></div></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Malta" title="List of political parties in Malta">Political parties</a><br /></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Malta)" title="Labour Party (Malta)">Labour Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Party_(Malta)" title="Nationalist Party (Malta)">Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD%2BPD" title="AD+PD">AD+PD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(Malta)" title="People's Party (Malta)">People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABBA_(political_party)" title="ABBA (political party)">ABBA (political party)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volt_Malta" title="Volt Malta">Volt Malta</a><br /> </li></ul></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Recent <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Malta" title="Elections in Malta">elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Legislative: <a href="/wiki/2017_Maltese_general_election" title="2017 Maltese general election">2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Maltese_general_election" title="2022 Maltese general election">2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Next_Maltese_general_election" title="Next Maltese general election"><i>next</i></a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malta_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Malta (European Parliament constituency)">European</a>: <a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Malta" title="2014 European Parliament election in Malta">2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Malta" title="2019 European Parliament election in Malta">2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Malta" title="2024 European Parliament election in Malta">2024</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Referendums: <a href="/wiki/2003_Maltese_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2003 Maltese European Union membership referendum">2003</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2011_Maltese_divorce_referendum" title="2011 Maltese divorce referendum">2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2015_Maltese_spring_hunting_referendum" title="2015 Maltese spring hunting referendum">2015</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Malta">Administrative divisions</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Malta" title="Regions of Malta">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_councils_of_Malta" title="Local councils of Malta">Local councils</a></li> <li><small><i>(There are also statistical <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Malta" title="Districts of Malta">Districts</a> and electoral, police, postal zones without administrative functions.</i>)</small></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Malta" title="Foreign relations of Malta">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_for_Foreign_and_European_Affairs_(Malta)" title="Ministry for Foreign and European Affairs (Malta)">Ministry for Foreign Affairs, European Affairs and Trade</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_ministers_for_foreign_affairs_of_Malta" title="List of ministers for foreign affairs of Malta">Minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ian_Borg" title="Ian Borg">Ian Borg</a></dd></dl></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Malta" title="List of diplomatic missions of Malta">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Malta" title="List of diplomatic missions in Malta">in Malta</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_passport" title="Maltese passport">Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Maltese_citizens" title="Visa requirements for Maltese citizens">Visa requirements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_the_Schengen_Area" title="Visa policy of the Schengen Area">Visa policy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/16px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/24px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/32px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Malta" title="Portal:Malta">Malta portal</a></span></li></ul> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Malta" title="Template:Politics of Malta"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Malta" title="Template talk:Politics of Malta"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Malta" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Malta"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The current <b>Constitution of Malta</b> (<a href="/wiki/Maltese_language" title="Maltese language">Maltese</a>: <i lang="mt">Konstituzzjoni ta' Malta</i>) was adopted as a legal order on 21 September 1964, and is the self-declared supreme law of the land. Therefore, any law or action in violation of the Constitution is null and void. Being a rigid constitution, it has a three-tier entrenchment basis in order for any amendments to take place. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Constitutional_development_since_independence">Constitutional development since independence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_Malta&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Constitutional development since independence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Constitution has been amended twenty-four times, most recently in 2020 with the entrenchment that firstly, the chief justice from now on shall be appointed by a resolution of Parliament – the legislature is appointing the member of the Judiciary – the Chief Justice. This resolution has to be supported by the votes of at least two thirds of all those members who are eligible to vote. The constitution is typically called the <a href="/wiki/Constitution" title="Constitution">Constitution</a> of <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> and replaced the 1961 Constitution, dating from 24 October 1961. <a href="/wiki/George_Borg_Olivier" title="George Borg Olivier">George Borg Olivier</a> was its main instigator and negotiator. It was drafted by then Attorney General and constitutional law expert <a href="/wiki/John_Cremona" title="John Cremona">J. J. Cremona</a>, making Malta the only Commonwealth country whose independence constitution was drafted by a local jurist.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Giorgio_Borg_Olivier.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Giorgio_Borg_Olivier.jpg/170px-Giorgio_Borg_Olivier.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Giorgio_Borg_Olivier.jpg/255px-Giorgio_Borg_Olivier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Giorgio_Borg_Olivier.jpg/340px-Giorgio_Borg_Olivier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="381" data-file-height="425" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/George_Borg_Olivier" title="George Borg Olivier">George Borg Olivier</a> was the main instigator and negotiator of the Constitution</figcaption></figure> <p>Under its 1964 constitution, Malta became a parliamentary democracy within the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth</a>. <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom">Queen Elizabeth II</a> was <a href="/wiki/Sovereign" title="Sovereign">sovereign</a> of Malta, and a <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Malta" title="Governor-General of Malta">Governor-General</a> exercised executive authority on her behalf, while the actual direction and control of the <a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">government</a> and the nation's affairs were in the hands of the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_(government)" title="Cabinet (government)">cabinet</a> under the leadership of a Maltese <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malta" title="Prime Minister of Malta">Prime Minister</a>, the leader of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Malta" title="List of political parties in Malta">party</a> that wins a majority of parliamentary seats in a <a href="/wiki/General_election" title="General election">general election</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Unicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicameral">unicameral</a> <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Representatives of Malta">House of Representatives</a>. </p><p>On 13 December 1974, under the Labour government Dom Mintoff, the constitution was revised, and Malta became a <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">republic</a> within the Commonwealth, with <a href="/wiki/Executive_authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive authority">executive authority</a> vested in a <a href="/wiki/President_of_Malta" title="President of Malta">Maltese President</a>, who is appointed by Parliament and who in turn, appoints as Prime Minister. </p><p>The President also nominally appoints, upon recommendation of the Prime Minister, the individual <a href="/wiki/Minister_(government)" title="Minister (government)">ministers</a> to head each of the <a href="/wiki/Government_department" class="mw-redirect" title="Government department">government departments</a>. The cabinet is selected from among the members of the House of Representatives. The Constitution provides for general elections to be held at least every five years. Candidates are elected by the <a href="/wiki/Single_Transferable_Vote" class="mw-redirect" title="Single Transferable Vote">Single Transferable Vote</a> system. The entire territory is divided into thirteen electoral districts each returning five MPs to a total of 65. Since 1987, in case a Party obtains an absolute majority of votes without achieving a Parliamentary majority a mechanism in the Constitution provides for additional seats to that Party to achieve a Parliamentary majority (Act IV of 1987). To date this mechanism, intended to counteract <a href="/wiki/Gerrymandering" title="Gerrymandering">gerrymandering</a>, came into effect twice: for the Sixth and the Eighth Parliaments. A similar mechanism was introduced in 1996 so that additional seats would be given to that Party obtaining a relative majority of votes but not a parliamentary majority with only two parties achieving Parliamentary representation. This mechanism was first applied in the <a href="/wiki/2008_Maltese_general_election" title="2008 Maltese general election">2008 general election</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_nature_of_the_constitution">The nature of the constitution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_Malta&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: The nature of the constitution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>Independence Constitution</i> of Malta of 1964 established Malta as a <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">liberal</a> <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary democracy">parliamentary democracy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It safeguarded the <a href="/wiki/Fundamental_rights" title="Fundamental rights">fundamental</a> <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">human rights</a> of <a href="/wiki/Citizens" class="mw-redirect" title="Citizens">citizens</a>, and forced a separation between the <a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">executive</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judicial" class="mw-redirect" title="Judicial">judicial</a> and <a href="/wiki/Legislative" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative">legislative</a> powers, with regular elections based on <a href="/wiki/Universal_suffrage" title="Universal suffrage">universal suffrage</a>. It defines <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic church">Roman Catholic church</a> as <a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">state religion</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and provision of <a href="/wiki/Religious_education" title="Religious education">religious education</a> in <a href="/wiki/Compulsory_education" title="Compulsory education">compulsory education</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This constitution was developed through constitutional history and its evolution is partly modelled on the Italian Constitution. The constitutions of Malta fell under three main categories. These were: </p> <dl><dd><ul><li>Those over which the British possessed total power;</li> <li>The intermediate genres of constitutions (1921-1947), where Malta had <a href="/wiki/Self_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Self government">self government</a> (the 1961 constitution was very similar to these constitutions);</li> <li>the Independence Constitution of 1964.</li></ul></dd></dl> <p>On 27 July 1960, the <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_the_Colonies" title="Secretary of State for the Colonies">Secretary of State for the Colonies</a> declared to the <a href="/wiki/British_House_of_Commons" class="mw-redirect" title="British House of Commons">British House of Commons</a> the wish of <a href="/wiki/British_government" class="mw-redirect" title="British government">Her Majesty's Government</a> to reinstate <a href="/wiki/Representative_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Representative government">representative government</a> in Malta and declare that it was now time to work out a new constitution where elections could be held as soon as it was established. The Secretary, <a href="/wiki/Iain_Macleod" title="Iain Macleod">Iain Macleod</a>, also notified the House of the appointment of a <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Commission" title="Constitutional Commission">Constitutional Commission</a>, under the chairmanship of <a href="/wiki/Sir_Hilary_Blood" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Hilary Blood">Sir Hilary Blood</a>, to devise thorough constitutional schemes after consultation with representatives of the <a href="/wiki/Maltese_people" title="Maltese people">Maltese people</a> and local interests. </p><p>The Commissioners presented their report on 5 December 1960. The report was published on 8 March 1961. That same day, the Secretary of State declared to the House of Commons that Her Majesty's Government had taken a decision. The Commissioner's constitutional recommendations to be the basis for the subsequent Malta constitution were to be granted. The <i>1961 Constitution</i> was also known as the <i>Blood Constitution</i>. It was enclosed in the <i>Malta Constitution Order in Council 1961</i> and it was completed on 24 October of that same year.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The statement that the Order makes provision for a new constitution where Malta is given self-government is found on the final page of the Order in Council. </p><p>The <i>1961 Constitution</i> provided the backbone for the Independence Constitution. A date was provided to guarantee this legal continuity. An indispensable characteristic of this constitution is the substitution of the <a href="/wiki/Diarchic" class="mw-redirect" title="Diarchic">diarchic</a> system, which was no longer practicable, by system of only one Government, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Malta" title="Government of Malta">Government of Malta</a>, with full legislative and executive powers. At that time Malta was still a <a href="/wiki/Colony" title="Colony">colony</a> and responsibility for defence and <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Malta" title="Foreign relations of Malta">external affairs</a> were referred to Her Majesty's Government. There was a clear indication that the road towards independence continued and now was at a highly developed stage. It is imperative to recognise that the 1961 Constitution established most of the features of the 1964 Constitution. The British recognised Malta as a State.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another important characteristic of this constitution was an innovative introduction of a chapter covering the safeguarding of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms of the Individual.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is fairly significant because Fundamental Human Rights are a protection for the individual by the State. In the 1961 Constitution, Fundamental Human Rights and Freedoms are found in Chapter IV. The protection of <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_movement" title="Freedom of movement">freedom of movement</a> was introduced only in the 1964 Constitution. </p><p>The declaration of rights of the inhabitants of the islands of Malta and Gozo dated 15 June 1802, gives a collective declaration of rights. The 1961 Constitution gave birth to what was recognised as a Parliament in the 1964 Independence Constitution. The Cabinet had the general direction and management of the Government of Malta. It consisted of the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister alone might summon it and it was this office which presided over it. Not more than seven other ministers were members of the Legislative Assembly, and they were collectively responsible to it. This was one of the first attempts to restate some of the more important British Constitutional Conventions in the constitution. In the exercise of his powers, the Governor was to act on the advice of the Cabinet, except where he was directed to act in his discretion or on the recommendation or advice of a person other than the Cabinet. </p><p>Three elections of the promulgation of the 1961 Constitution existed.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This constitution included the presence of a Cabinet for the first time in Malta. The legislature was <a href="/wiki/Unicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicameral">unicameral</a>. The Legislative Assembly's normal life span was of four years. It consisted of fifty <a href="/wiki/Members_of_parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Members of parliament">members</a> and they were elected by universal suffrage from ten electoral divisions on the system of <a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">proportional representation</a> by the single transferable vote. The 1961 Constitution constructed a firm foundation for a future achievement of Independence. When in 1964 Malta did in fact become independent, because the Government chose to avoid breaking all ties with the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, there was legal continuity of the legislation, as a result of which Parliament remained functional. To a certain extent the same situation existed as regards to the legislation by the British Parliament for Malta. The Malta Independence Order itself developed into the subject of an entrenchment, since here it is declared that this evolved into an extension to the 1961 Constitution even in the sense of an amendment.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Even though Malta acquired independence, there was an ongoing presence of continuity. One of them is the monarchy pre-1964 and prior 1964. The Malta Independence Order 1964 was subject to the Malta Independence Act of that same year and it is a document that holds the chief regulations that govern the constitution of a state. This document is supreme over each and every other document and all legislation is subject to it. Throughout Malta's constitutional history, the nation acquired its own constitution, and to a certain extent, the Independence Constitution is made up of certain principles that arose for the first time in previous constitutions. It can be said that the Independence Constitution has evolved from the constitution which preceded it. But one must not ignore the fact that changes have taken place in this process of evolution. The statement that the 1964 constitution is in fact a replica of the 1961 constitution with <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereignty</a> added might be criticised by saying that some factors differ between the two constitutions. The 1964 constitution is not merely what can be defined as an improvement. It is more like another stepping-stone in constitutional history being the final step in a long series of constitutions. In fact, even though it may seem that some provisions were altered from the 1961 constitution to the 1964 constitution, some of those provisions remained unchanged until the <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Amendments">amendments</a> of the 1964 constitution were made.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 14 April 2014, the anti-discrimination provision of constitution is amended to include <a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation" title="Sexual orientation">sexual orientation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gender_identity" title="Gender identity">gender identity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2020, following a review by the Council of Europe's <a href="/wiki/Venice_Commission" title="Venice Commission">Venice Commission</a>, the constitution was amended to reduce the powers of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malta" title="Prime Minister of Malta">Prime Minister</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Amendments">Amendments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_Malta&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Amendments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Malta Independence Order, 1964, as amended by<br /> </p> <dl><dd>Acts: <ul><li>XLI of 1965,</li> <li>XXXVII of 1966,</li> <li>IX of 1967,</li> <li>XXVI of 1970,</li> <li>XLVII of 1972,</li> <li>LVII and LVIII of 1974,</li> <li>XXXVIII of 1976,</li> <li>X of 1977,</li> <li>XXIX of 1979,</li> <li>IV of 1987,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>XXIII of 1989,</li></ul></dd> <dd>Proclamations Nos: <ul><li>II and VI of 1990,</li></ul></dd> <dd>Acts: <ul><li>XIX of 1991,</li> <li>IX of 1994,</li></ul></dd> <dd>Proclamations: <ul><li>IV of 1995</li> <li>III of 1996,</li></ul></dd> <dd>Acts: <ul><li>XI of 1996,</li> <li>XVI of 1997,</li> <li>III of 2000,</li> <li>XIII of 2001,</li> <li>V of 2003,</li> <li>XIV and XXI of 2007,</li> <li>8 XX of 2011,</li> <li>VII and X of 2014</li></ul></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Past_constitutions">Past constitutions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_Malta&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Past constitutions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Malta has had numerous past constitutions. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Richard_Ellis,_Inauguration_of_the_1921_Constitution_of_Malta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Richard_Ellis%2C_Inauguration_of_the_1921_Constitution_of_Malta.jpg/220px-Richard_Ellis%2C_Inauguration_of_the_1921_Constitution_of_Malta.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Richard_Ellis%2C_Inauguration_of_the_1921_Constitution_of_Malta.jpg/330px-Richard_Ellis%2C_Inauguration_of_the_1921_Constitution_of_Malta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Richard_Ellis%2C_Inauguration_of_the_1921_Constitution_of_Malta.jpg/440px-Richard_Ellis%2C_Inauguration_of_the_1921_Constitution_of_Malta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1991" data-file-height="1345" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII" title="Edward VIII">Prince of Wales</a> with some Senators and other dignitaries. Inauguration of the new Constitution of Malta, 1 November 1921. Courtyard of <a href="/wiki/Grandmaster%27s_Palace,_Valletta" title="Grandmaster's Palace, Valletta">Grandmaster's Palace</a>.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>The 1813 Constitution<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The 1835 Constitution<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The 1849 Constitution<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The 1887 Constitution<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The 1903 Constitution<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The 1921 Constitution<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The 1936 Constitution<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The 1939 Constitution<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The 1947 Constitution<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The 1959 Constitution<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The 1961 Constitution<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The 1964 Constitution</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_Malta&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/Scientia%20(Malta)/Scientia.%2016(1950)3(Jul.-Sept.)/01.pdf">Early constitutions</a></li> <li>Frendo, Henry, The Origins of Maltese Statehood - A Case Study of Decolonization in the Mediterranean - Malta: PEG Publications, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/99932-0-015-8" title="Special:BookSources/99932-0-015-8">99932-0-015-8</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_Malta&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Malta" title="Politics of Malta">Politics of Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Malta" title="President of Malta">President of Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Malta">LGBT rights in Malta</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_Malta&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.maltatoday.com.mt/news/national/131222/the%20malta%20independence%20constitution%201964">The Malta Independence Constitution 1964</a>", republished by <i>MaltaToday</i>, 09/19/2024</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Supplement of the Malta Government Gazette, No. 11688 of September 18, 1964</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><b>Article 2, 1</b></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><b>Article 2, 3</b></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Supplement of the Government Gazette</i> 31 October 1961 <b>No. 11,346</b></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><b>Section 2</b>: <i>1961 Constitution</i> – “<b>The State of Malta</b>”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><b>Articles 5-17</b>: <i>1961 Constitution</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><b>Article 45</b>: <i>1961 Constitution</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><b>Article 50</b>: <i>Malta Independence Order</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J.J. Cremona - <i>THE MALTESE CONSTITUTION AND CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY SINCE 1813</i> (Publishers Enterprises Group Ltd (PEG) – 1994) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/99909-0-086-8" title="Special:BookSources/99909-0-086-8">99909-0-086-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Constitution of Malta, Article 45,(3)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.justiceservices.gov.mt/DownloadDocument.aspx?app=lp&itemid=25171&l=1">"ACf No. IV of 1987"</a>. <i>www.justiceservices.gov.mt</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.justiceservices.gov.mt&rft.atitle=ACf+No.+IV+of+1987&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.justiceservices.gov.mt%2FDownloadDocument.aspx%3Fapp%3Dlp%26itemid%3D25171%26l%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+of+Malta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><b>Royal Instructions of July 16, 1813</b>, <i>(C.O. 159/4)</i> as supplemented by despatch at pp 124-125, <i>infra</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cremona, J.J, <i>The Malta Constitution of 1835 and its Historical Background</i> (Malta, 1959), (Appendix)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ordinances and other Official Acts published by the Government of Malta and its Dependencies, Malta, 1853, Vol X, pp70-77</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Law, Letters Patent and other Papers in relation to the Constitution of the Council of Government of Malta, Malta, G.P.O., 1889, pp 113-132</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Malta Government Gazette No. 4603, June 22, 1903, pp 614-621</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Malta Government Gazette No. 6389, May 4, 1921, pp 326-366</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Malta Government Gazette No. 8206, September 2, 1936, pp 804-812</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Malta Government Gazette No. 8534, February 25, 1939, pp 244-257</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Malta Constitution 1947, Malta, G.P.O. 1947</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Malta (Constitution) Order in Council 1959, Malta, Department of Information, 1959</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Malta Constitution 1961, Malta, Department of Information, 1961</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading 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title="Maltese wine">Wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Malta" title="Flag of Malta">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_folklore" title="Maltese folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_literature" title="Maltese literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Malta" title="Music of Malta">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Malta" title="National symbols of Malta">National symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_in_Malta" title="Philosophy in Malta">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Malta" title="Public holidays in Malta">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Malta" title="Sport in Malta">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Malta" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Malta">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div 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