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(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Victor Friedman</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1949-10-18</span>) </span>October 18, 1949<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 75)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Professor, author, researcher and linguist</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Linguistics, Slavic languages and literatures</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Victor A. Friedman</b> (born October 18, 1949) is an American linguist and <a href="/wiki/Slavist" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavist">Slavist</a>. He is the <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Mellon" title="Andrew Mellon">Andrew W. Mellon</a> Distinguished Service Professor in Humanities at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a>. He holds an appointment in the Department of Linguistics and an associate appointment in the Department of <a href="/wiki/Anthropology" title="Anthropology">Anthropology</a>. He has published numerous articles in <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Friedman&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Friedman was born in Chicago into a family of descendants of Jewish immigrants from the Russian Empire and Romania. He received his B.A. in <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian language</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russian_literature" title="Russian literature">literature</a> at <a href="/wiki/Reed_College" title="Reed College">Reed College</a> in 1970. Friedman's PhD was in <a href="/wiki/Slavic_languages" title="Slavic languages">Slavic languages</a> and literatures and in general linguistics at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a> in 1975. His dissertation, <i>The Grammatical Categories of the Macedonian Indicative</i>, was the first publication about modern <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a> in the U.S. and won the Mark Perry Galler prize for best dissertation in the Humanities Division at Chicago. </p><p>From 1975 until 1993, Friedman taught at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Carolina" title="University of North Carolina">University of North Carolina</a>, where he served as department chairman.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1993, he was appointed to a professorship at the University of Chicago.<sup id="cite_ref-bio_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has held visiting positions at <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a>, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Skopje" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Skopje">University of Skopje</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Central_European_University" title="Central European University">Central European University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyoto_University" title="Kyoto University">Kyoto University</a>, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Helsinki" title="University of Helsinki">University of Helsinki</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Universiteti_i_Prishtin%C3%ABs" class="mw-redirect" title="Universiteti i Prishtinës">University of Pristina</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="National University of Malaysia">National University of Malaysia</a> and <a href="/wiki/La_Trobe_University" title="La Trobe University">La Trobe University</a>. His expertise extends over all languages of the Balkans and the Caucasus, including Albanian, Aromanian, Azeri, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Bulgarian, Georgian, Greek, Judezmo, Lak, Macedonian, Romani, Romanian, Russian, Tadjik, and Turkish. His research has been multidisciplinary and has involved extensive fieldwork in the Balkans. </p><p>In 1994 he served as a senior policy and political analyst to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> regarding policy in the <a href="/wiki/Former_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Former Yugoslavia">former Yugoslavia</a>, and since then he has been involved in other consultative roles in the region. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_honors">Awards and honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Friedman&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Awards and honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>"1300 Years of Bulgaria" jubilee medal (1982)</li> <li>University of Skopje Gold Plaque (1981, 2003, 2007)</li> <li>Member of the <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedonian Academy of Arts and Sciences">Macedonian Academy of Arts and Sciences</a> (1994)</li> <li>Member of Matica Srpska (1995)</li> <li>Member of the Academy of Arts and Sciences of <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a> (2004)</li> <li>Member of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> (2006)</li> <li>Doctor Honoris Causa, University of Skopje (2007)</li> <li>John Simon Guggenheim Fellowship (2008–09)</li> <li>Annual Award for Outstanding Contributions to Scholarship, American Association of Teachers of Slavic and East European Languages (2009)</li> <li>World Prize of Humanism (2013)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Annual Award for Distinguished Contributions to Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies Award, Association for Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies (2014)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_publications">Selected publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Friedman&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Selected publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Macedonian</i> (2002)</li> <li><i>Turkish in Macedonia and Beyond: Studies in Contact, Typology, and Other Phenomena in the Balkans and the Caucasus</i> (2003)</li> <li><i>Studies on Albanian and Other Balkan Languages</i> (2004)</li> <li><i>Očerki laksogo jazyka</i> (2011)</li> <li><i>Makedonistički studii 1, 2</i> (2011)(2015)</li> <li><i>The Balkan Languages</i> (with Brian Joseph, forthcoming)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Friedman&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/64158464/victor-friedman-born-1949/">"Russian Reign Ending in Language Education"</a>. <i>The Charlotte Observer</i>. Charlotte, NC. December 9, 1981. p. 14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2020</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Charlotte+Observer&rft.atitle=Russian+Reign+Ending+in+Language+Education&rft.pages=14&rft.date=1981-12-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F64158464%2Fvictor-friedman-born-1949%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Friedman" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bio-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bio_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://home.uchicago.edu/~vfriedm/bio.html">"Friedman's biography"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 13,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Friedman%27s+biography&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhome.uchicago.edu%2F~vfriedm%2Fbio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Friedman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mia.mk/en/story/laureate-and-macedonian-studies-scholar-victor-friedman-receives-world-prize-of-humanism">"Laureate and Macedonian studies scholar Victor Friedman receives World Prize of Humanism"</a>. <i>MIA</i>. August 9, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MIA&rft.atitle=Laureate+and+Macedonian+studies+scholar+Victor+Friedman+receives+World+Prize+of+Humanism&rft.date=2023-08-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmia.mk%2Fen%2Fstory%2Flaureate-and-macedonian-studies-scholar-victor-friedman-receives-world-prize-of-humanism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Friedman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Friedman&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://home.uchicago.edu/~vfriedm/cv.html">Friedman's CV and publications</a> on <a 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