CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="nb" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Pingviner – Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )nowikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","januar","februar","mars","april","mai","juni","juli","august","september","oktober","november","desember"],"wgRequestId":"f4ccc7b4-2f4b-475b-b702-f4d5391192da","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Pingviner","wgTitle":"Pingviner","wgCurRevisionId":24829353,"wgRevisionId":24829353,"wgArticleId":40506,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Sider med feil i referanser","Artikler med artslenker fra Wikidata","Artikler med autoritetsdatalenker fra Wikidata","Artikler i Antarktis-prosjektet","Pingviner","Fugler formelt beskrevet i 1891","Dyr formelt beskrevet av Richard Bowdler Sharpe"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"nb","wgPageContentLanguage":"nb","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Pingviner","wgRelevantArticleId":40506,"wgTempUserName":null,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true, "wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"nb","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"nb"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q9147","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled": false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.InterProjectLinks":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.UkensKonkurranse","ext.gadget.link-missing-label","ext.gadget.new-section","ext.gadget.superinterwiki","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin", "mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","oojs-ui.styles.icons-media","oojs-ui-core.icons","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=nb&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=nb&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=nb&modules=ext.gadget.InterProjectLinks&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=nb&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Emperor_Penguin_Manchot_empereur.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1298"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Emperor_Penguin_Manchot_empereur.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="865"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="692"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Pingviner – Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//no.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pingviner"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Rediger" href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (nb)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//no.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pingviner"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.no"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom-mating" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Siste_endringer&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Pingviner rootpage-Pingviner skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Hopp til innhold</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Nettsted"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hovedmeny" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Hovedmeny</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hovedmeny</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigasjon </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Forside" title="Gå til hovedsiden [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Forside</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Tilfeldig" title="Vis en tilfeldig side [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Tilfeldig side</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Portal" title="Stedet for å få hjelp"><span>Hjelp</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Siste_endringer" title="Liste over siste endringer på wikien. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Siste endringer</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-prosjekt" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-prosjekt" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Prosjekt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Prosjektportal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal"><span>Prosjektportal</span></a></li><li id="n-bidra" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bidra_til_Wikipedia"><span>Hvordan bidra?</span></a></li><li id="n-tinget" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tinget"><span>Tinget</span></a></li><li id="n-torget" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Torget"><span>Torget</span></a></li><li id="n-konkurranser" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Konkurranser"><span>Konkurranser</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Wikipedia" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Wikipedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikipedia </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-kontakt" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kontakt"><span>Kontakt Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-wmno" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.no" rel="nofollow" title="Medlemsorganisasjon for wikipedianere"><span>Wikimedia Norge</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Forside" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-no.svg" width="121" height="14" style="width: 7.5625em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:S%C3%B8k" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Søk i Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Søk</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Søk i Wikipedia" aria-label="Søk i Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Søk i Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Spesial:Søk"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Søk</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personlig"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Endre skriftstørrelse, bredde og farge på siden." > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Utseende" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Utseende</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_no.wikipedia.org&uselang=nb" class=""><span>Doner</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=Pingviner" title="Du oppfordres til å opprette en konto og logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk" class=""><span>Opprett konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Pingviner" title="Du oppfordres til å logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Logg inn</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out user-links-collapsible-item" title="Flere alternativer" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personlig" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personlig</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Brukermeny" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_no.wikipedia.org&uselang=nb"><span>Doner</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=Pingviner" title="Du oppfordres til å opprette en konto og logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Opprett konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Pingviner" title="Du oppfordres til å logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logg inn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Nettsted"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innhold" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Til toppen)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Evolusjon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evolusjon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Evolusjon</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Evolusjon-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Evolusjon</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Evolusjon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Moderne_pingviner" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moderne_pingviner"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Moderne pingviner</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moderne_pingviner-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etymologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Etymologi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Utbredelse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utbredelse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Utbredelse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utbredelse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Habitat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Habitat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Habitat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Habitat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Beskrivelse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beskrivelse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Beskrivelse</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Beskrivelse-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Beskrivelse</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Beskrivelse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sanseapparatet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sanseapparatet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Sanseapparatet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sanseapparatet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Atferd" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Atferd"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Atferd</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Atferd-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Atferd</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Atferd-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ernæringsatferd" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ernæringsatferd"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Ernæringsatferd</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ernæringsatferd-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Forplantningsatferd" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forplantningsatferd"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Forplantningsatferd</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Forplantningsatferd-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trusler" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trusler"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Trusler</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trusler-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Systematikk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Systematikk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Systematikk</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Systematikk-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Systematikk</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Systematikk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Inndeling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inndeling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Inndeling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inndeling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uavklarte_slekter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uavklarte_slekter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Uavklarte slekter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uavklarte_slekter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pingviner_i_populærkultur_og_næringsliv" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pingviner_i_populærkultur_og_næringsliv"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Pingviner i populærkultur og næringsliv</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pingviner_i_populærkultur_og_næringsliv-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Pingviner i populærkultur og næringsliv</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Pingviner_i_populærkultur_og_næringsliv-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Film</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maskot" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maskot"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Maskot</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maskot-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Musikk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musikk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Musikk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musikk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Næringsliv" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Næringsliv"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Næringsliv</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Næringsliv-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Restauranter,_spisesteder_og_barer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Restauranter,_spisesteder_og_barer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Restauranter, spisesteder og barer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Restauranter,_spisesteder_og_barer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Overnattingsbedrifter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overnattingsbedrifter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.6</span> <span>Overnattingsbedrifter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overnattingsbedrifter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verksteder" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verksteder"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.7</span> <span>Verksteder</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verksteder-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Undervisningsbedrifter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Undervisningsbedrifter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.8</span> <span>Undervisningsbedrifter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Undervisningsbedrifter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Forlag" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forlag"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.9</span> <span>Forlag</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Forlag-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Data-_og_videospill" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Data-_og_videospill"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.10</span> <span>Data- og videospill</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Data-_og_videospill-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organisasjoner" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organisasjoner"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.11</span> <span>Organisasjoner</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organisasjoner-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Militært" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Militært"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.12</span> <span>Militært</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Militært-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litteratur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litteratur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.13</span> <span>Litteratur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litteratur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pingvinvitser_og_gåter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pingvinvitser_og_gåter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.14</span> <span>Pingvinvitser og gåter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pingvinvitser_og_gåter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referanser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referanser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Referanser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referanser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Andre_kilder" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Andre_kilder"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Andre kilder</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Andre_kilder-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_lenker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_lenker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Eksterne lenker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_lenker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pingviner</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 135 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-135" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">135 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pingvinar" title="Pingvinar – norsk nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Pingvinar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norsk nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pingviner" title="Pingviner – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Pingviner" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pingviner" title="Pingviner – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pingviner" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pingvin" title="Pingvin – færøysk" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Pingvin" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="færøysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B6rg%C3%A6sir" title="Mörgæsir – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Mörgæsir" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pikkewyn" title="Pikkewyn – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Pikkewyn" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%8B%8B%E1%88%8D%E1%89%B3_%E1%8B%88%E1%8D%8D" title="የዋልታ ወፍ – amharisk" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የዋልታ ወፍ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pingu%C4%ABn" title="Pinguīn – gammelengelsk" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Pinguīn" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="gammelengelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82" title="بطريق – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بطريق" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spheniscidae" title="Spheniscidae – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Spheniscidae" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yperana" title="Yperana – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Yperana" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinqvinl%C9%99r" title="Pinqvinlər – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Pinqvinlər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin" title="Penguin – balinesisk" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Penguin" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8" title="পেঙ্গুইন – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পেঙ্গুইন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khi%C4%81-g%C3%B4" title="Khiā-gô – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Khiā-gô" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Пінгвіны – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пінгвіны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Пінгвіны – belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Пінгвіны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Пингвинови – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пингвинови" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinguin" title="Pinguin – bairisk" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Pinguin" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bairisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B1%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8D" title="བྱ་ཁྱིའུ། – tibetansk" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="བྱ་ཁྱིའུ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pingvin" title="Pingvin – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Pingvin" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mank_(evn)" title="Mank (evn) – bretonsk" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Mank (evn)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ping%C3%BCins" title="Pingüins – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pingüins" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spheniscidae" title="Spheniscidae – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Spheniscidae" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu%C4%8D%C5%88%C3%A1ci" title="Tučňáci – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tučňáci" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengwin" title="Pengwin – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Pengwin" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pingviidna" title="Pingviidna – nordsamisk" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Pingviidna" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="nordsamisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinguine" title="Pinguine – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pinguine" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ts%C3%ADdii_na%CA%BCa%C5%82k%CA%BCai%CA%BC%C3%AD" title="Tsídii naʼałkʼaiʼí – navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Tsídii naʼałkʼaiʼí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pingviinlased" title="Pingviinlased – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pingviinlased" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B9%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Πιγκουίνος – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πιγκουίνος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin" title="Penguin – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Penguin" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spheniscidae" title="Spheniscidae – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Spheniscidae" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pingveno" title="Pingveno – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pingveno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinguino" title="Pinguino – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Pinguino" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A6%D9%86" title="پنگوئن – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پنگوئن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphenisciformes" title="Sphenisciformes – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sphenisciformes" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pingu%C3%AFns" title="Pinguïns – vestfrisisk" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Pinguïns" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="vestfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piongain" title="Piongain – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Piongain" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceann-fionn" title="Ceann-fionn – skotsk-gælisk" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Ceann-fionn" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skotsk-gælisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ping%C3%BC%C3%ADns" title="Pingüíns – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pingüíns" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%AE-ng%C3%B2" title="Khî-ngò – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Khî-ngò" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8E%AD%EA%B7%84" title="펭귄 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="펭귄" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenjin" title="Fenjin – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Fenjin" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Պինգվիններ – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պինգվիններ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8" title="पेंगुइन – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पेंगुइन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pingvini" title="Pingvini – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pingvini" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinguino" title="Pinguino – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Pinguino" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinguino" title="Pinguino – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pinguino" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin" title="Penguin – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Penguin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Пингвинтæ – ossetisk" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Пингвинтæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iphengwini" title="Iphengwini – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Iphengwini" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spheniscidae" title="Spheniscidae – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Spheniscidae" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="פינגוויניים – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פינגוויניים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinguin" title="Pinguin – javanesisk" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Pinguin" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C%E2%80%8C" title="ಪೆಂಗ್ವಿನ್‌‌ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪೆಂಗ್ವಿನ್‌‌" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="პინგვინისნაირნი – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პინგვინისნაირნი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A6%D9%86" title="پینگوئن – kasjmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="پینگوئن" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kasjmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pingwin" title="Pingwin – kasjubisk" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Pingwin" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kasjubisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D3%99%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Пингвинтәрізділер – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Пингвинтәрізділер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penn_gwynn" title="Penn gwynn – kornisk" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Penn gwynn" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngwini" title="Ngwini – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ngwini" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziosk_(Spheniscidae)" title="Ziosk (Spheniscidae) – kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Ziosk (Spheniscidae)" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%AAngw%C3%AEn" title="Pêngwîn – kurdisk" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Pêngwîn" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Пингвин – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Пингвин" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Пингвин – vestmarisk" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Пингвин" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="vestmarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AB%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%A2%E0%BA%B4%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%A2%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%89" title="ຫ່ານຢິ່ງຢີ້ – laotisk" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຫ່ານຢິ່ງຢີ້" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laotisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spheniscidae" title="Spheniscidae – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Spheniscidae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pingv%C4%ABnu_dzimta" title="Pingvīnu dzimta – latvisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pingvīnu dzimta" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinguinen" title="Pinguinen – luxemburgsk" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Pinguinen" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pingvininiai" title="Pingvininiai – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pingvininiai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pingu%C3%AFns" title="Pinguïns – limburgsk" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Pinguïns" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pingwini" title="Pingwini – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Pingwini" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfenisiformo" title="Sfenisiformo – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Sfenisiformo" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pingvinf%C3%A9l%C3%A9k" title="Pingvinfélék – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pingvinfélék" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8" title="पेन्गुइन – maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="पेन्गुइन" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Пингвин – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Пингвин" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin" title="Penguin – gassisk" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Penguin" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="gassisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BB%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB" title="പെൻ‌ഗ്വിൻ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പെൻ‌ഗ്വിൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="पेंग्विन – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पेंग्विन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82" title="بطريق – egyptisk arabisk" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بطريق" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin" title="Penguin – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Penguin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%C3%A9-ng%C3%B2%CC%A4" title="Kié-ngò̤ – mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Kié-ngò̤" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%88%D1%83%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%83" title="Оцон шувуу – mongolsk" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Оцон шувуу" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%BD%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ပင်ဂွင်း – burmesisk" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပင်ဂွင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pingu%C3%AFns" title="Pinguïns – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pinguïns" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pingu%C3%AFn" title="Pinguïn – nedersaksisk" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Pinguïn" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="nedersaksisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8" title="पेन्गुइन – nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पेन्गुइन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9A%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AE%E3%83%B3" title="ペンギン – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ペンギン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Пингвинаш – tsjetsjensk" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Пингвинаш" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tsjetsjensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinguinen" title="Pinguinen – nordfrisisk" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Pinguinen" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nordfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ping%C3%BCin" title="Pingüin – oksitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Pingüin" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qabbanbalalii" title="Qabbanbalalii – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Qabbanbalalii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pingvin" title="Pingvin – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Pingvin" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A8" title="ਪੈਂਗੁਇਨ – panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੈਂਗੁਇਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A6%D9%86" title="پینگوئن – vestpunjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پینگوئن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="vestpunjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinguine" title="Pinguine – nedertysk" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Pinguine" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="nedertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pingwiny" title="Pingwiny – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pingwiny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinguim" title="Pinguim – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pinguim" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pingvin" title="Pingvin – karakalpakisk" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Pingvin" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinguin" title="Pinguin – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pinguin" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinwinu" title="Pinwinu – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Pinwinu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5" title="Пингвиновые – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пингвиновые" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Пингвин – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Пингвин" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penikuini" title="Penikuini – samoansk" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Penikuini" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin" title="Penguin – skotsk" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Penguin" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinguini" title="Pinguini – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Pinguini" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinguinu" title="Pinguinu – siciliansk" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Pinguinu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin" title="Penguin – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Penguin" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu%C4%8Dniakotvar%C3%A9" title="Tučniakotvaré – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tučniakotvaré" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pingvini" title="Pingvini – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pingvini" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%95%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" title="پەنگوین – sentralkurdisk" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پەنگوین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sentralkurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Пингвини – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Пингвини" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pingvini" title="Pingvini – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pingvini" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9nguin" title="Pénguin – sundanesisk" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Pénguin" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="anbefalt artikkel-merke"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pingviinit" title="Pingviinit – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pingviinit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguino" title="Penguino – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Penguino" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="பென்குயின் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பென்குயின்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameddul" title="Ameddul – kabylsk" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Ameddul" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabylsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="పెంగ్విన్ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పెంగ్విన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="เพนกวิน – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เพนกวิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguen" title="Penguen – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Penguen" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96" title="Пінгвінові – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пінгвінові" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A6%D9%86" title="پینگوئن – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پینگوئن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gijngoz" title="Gijngoz – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Gijngoz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spheniscidae" title="Spheniscidae – venetiansk" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Spheniscidae" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetiansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chim_c%C3%A1nh_c%E1%BB%A5t" title="Chim cánh cụt – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chim cánh cụt" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%81%E9%B5%9D" title="企鵝 – klassisk kinesisk" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="企鵝" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="klassisk kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinguins" title="Pinguins – vestflamsk" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Pinguins" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="vestflamsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spheniscidae" title="Spheniscidae – waray-waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Spheniscidae" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray-waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%81%E9%B9%85" title="企鹅 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="企鹅" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9F" title="פינגווין – jiddisk" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פינגווין" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%81%E9%B5%9D" title="企鵝 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="企鵝" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pingu%C3%AFns" title="Pinguïns – zeeuws" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Pinguïns" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zeeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%81%E9%B5%9D" title="企鵝 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="企鵝" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9147#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Rediger lenker til artikkelen på andre språk" class="wbc-editpage">Rediger lenker</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pingviner" title="Vis innholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskusjon:Pingviner" rel="discussion" title="Diskusjon om innholdssiden [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Bytt språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">norsk bokmål</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visninger"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pingviner"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&action=history" title="Tidligere sideversjoner av denne siden [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktøy" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verktøy</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktøy</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Flere alternativer" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handlinger </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pingviner"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&action=history"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generelt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Lenker_hit/Pingviner" title="Liste over alle wikisider som lenker hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lenker hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Relaterte_endringer/Pingviner" rel="nofollow" title="Siste endringer i sider som blir lenket fra denne siden [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterte endringer</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=no" title="Last opp filer [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Last opp fil</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Spesialsider" title="Liste over alle spesialsider [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spesialsider</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&oldid=24829353" title="Permanent lenke til denne versjonen av siden"><span>Permanent lenke</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&action=info" title="Mer informasjon om denne siden"><span>Sideinformasjon</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Siteringshjelp&page=Pingviner&id=24829353&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasjon om hvordan denne siden kan siteres"><span>Siter denne siden</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fno.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPingviner"><span>Hent forkortet URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fno.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPingviner"><span>Last ned QR-kode</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Skriv ut / eksporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Pingviner&action=show-download-screen"><span>Last ned som PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&printable=yes" title="Utskriftsvennlig versjon av denne siden [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Utskriftsvennlig versjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> På andre prosjekter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Spheniscidae" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Spheniscidae" hreflang="en"><span>Wikispecies</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9147" title="Lenke til koblet dataregisterelement [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-element</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skjul</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nb" dir="ltr"><div class="hatnote dablink noexcerpt">For sjømålsmissilet, se <a href="/wiki/Penguin" title="Penguin">Penguin</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24217415">.mw-parser-output .infoboks .taxobox-map-caption{width:220px;margin:0 auto;text-align:left;font-size:100%}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24829246">.mw-parser-output .wb-edithandle{display:none;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .wd-editable-show .wb-edithandle{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .wd-editable-hide .wb-edithandle{display:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks{float:right;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:3px;margin:0.5em 0em 1em 1em;background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black;vertical-align:top;text-align:left;font-size:88%}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.overskrift th{text-align:center;font-weight:bold;font-size:larger;border:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.bilde td{background-color:#fff;color:black;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;border:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks th{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;text-align:center;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks td{background-color:#efefef;color:black;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;margin:4px;padding:3px}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.custom td{background:none;border:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.rad th{text-align:left;font-weight:bold;border:none;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.rad td{text-align:left;font-weight:normal;border:none;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.rad td.center{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.rad td.headercenter{text-align:center;font-weight:bold;border:none;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.hode th{padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.bilde td{text-align:center;font-weight:normal;border:none;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.overskrift td{text-align:center;font-weight:bold;background-color:#eee;border:none;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.geografi tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.biografi tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.transport tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bygning tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.infrastruktur tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bred tr.overskrift td{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.ekstrabred tr.overskrift td{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bordered tr.rad th{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bordered tr.rad td{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc}</style><table class="infobox infoboks"><tbody><tr class="hode overskrift"><th colspan="4">Pingvinfugler </th></tr> <tr class="bilde"><td colspan="4" class="sentrert"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Emperor_Penguin_Manchot_empereur.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Emperor_Penguin_Manchot_empereur.jpg/250px-Emperor_Penguin_Manchot_empereur.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Emperor_Penguin_Manchot_empereur.jpg/375px-Emperor_Penguin_Manchot_empereur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Emperor_Penguin_Manchot_empereur.jpg/500px-Emperor_Penguin_Manchot_empereur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="692" /></a></span><div class="thumbcaption"><small><a href="/wiki/Keiserpingvin" title="Keiserpingvin">Keiserpingvin</a> (<i>Aptenodytes forsteri</i>)<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23957101">.mw-parser-output .byline{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .byline .hidden{display:none}</style><div class="byline"><span class="hidden"> </span>Foto: Samuel Blanc, 2005 </div></small></div> </td></tr> <tr class="overskrift"><td colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Nomenklatur_(biologi)" title="Nomenklatur (biologi)">Nomenklatur</a></td></tr> <tr class="rad"><td colspan="4" class="center">Sphenisciformes<br /><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Bowdler_Sharpe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Bowdler Sharpe (ikke skrevet ennå)">Sharpe</a>, 1891</small> </td></tr> <tr class="overskrift"><td colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taksonomi)" title="Synonym (taksonomi)">Synonymi</a></td></tr> <tr class="rad"><td colspan="4" class="center"><b>Spheniscidae</b><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lucien_Bonaparte" title="Charles Lucien Bonaparte">Bonaparte</a>, 1831</small></td></tr><tr class="overskrift"><td colspan="4">Populærnavn</td></tr> <tr class="rad"><td colspan="4" class="">pingvinfugler, <br />pingvinfamilien, <br />pingviner</td></tr><tr class="overskrift"><td colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Biologisk_klassifikasjon" title="Biologisk klassifikasjon">Klassifikasjon</a></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Rike</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Dyreriket" class="mw-redirect" title="Dyreriket">Dyreriket</a> </td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Rekke</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ryggstrengdyr" title="Ryggstrengdyr">Ryggstrengdyr</a> </td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Klasse</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Fugler" title="Fugler">Fugler</a> </td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Gruppe</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Austrodyptornithes" title="Austrodyptornithes">Austrodyptornithes</a> </td></tr> <tr class="overskrift"><td colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/%C3%98kologi" title="Økologi">Økologi</a> </td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Art#Artstall" title="Art">Antall arter</a>: </th><td colspan="2">18 </td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Habitat" title="Habitat">Habitat</a>: </th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Marin" title="Marin">marin</a> og <a href="/wiki/Terrestrisk" title="Terrestrisk">terrestrisk</a> </td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Utbredelse: </th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Den_s%C3%B8rlige_halvkule" class="mw-redirect" title="Den sørlige halvkule">den sørlige halvkule</a> </td></tr> <tr class="overskrift"><td colspan="4">Inndelt i</td></tr> <tr class="rad"> <td colspan="4"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adeliepingvin" title="Adeliepingvin">adeliepingvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B8ylepingvin" title="Bøylepingvin">bøylepingvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dvergpingvin" title="Dvergpingvin">dvergpingvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagospingvin" class="mw-redirect" title="Galápagospingvin">galápagospingvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulltoppingvin" title="Gulltoppingvin">gulltoppingvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gul%C3%B8yepingvin" title="Guløyepingvin">guløyepingvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hornpingvin" title="Hornpingvin">hornpingvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humboldtpingvin" title="Humboldtpingvin">humboldtpingvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hvitkinnpingvin" title="Hvitkinnpingvin">hvitkinnpingvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kappingvin" title="Kappingvin">kappingvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keiserpingvin" title="Keiserpingvin">keiserpingvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klippehopperpingvin" title="Klippehopperpingvin">klippehopperpingvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kongepingvin" title="Kongepingvin">kongepingvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langduskpingvin" title="Langduskpingvin">langduskpingvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magellanpingvin" title="Magellanpingvin">magellanpingvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringpingvin" title="Ringpingvin">ringpingvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skogpingvin" title="Skogpingvin">skogpingvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snarespingvin" title="Snarespingvin">snarespingvin</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Pingvinfugler</b> (Sphenisciformes) er en <a href="/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi">biologisk</a> <a href="/wiki/Orden_(biologi)" title="Orden (biologi)">orden</a> som utelukkende består av <a href="/wiki/Art" title="Art">arter</a> og <a href="/wiki/Slekt_(biologi)" title="Slekt (biologi)">slekter</a> i <b>pingvinfamilien</b> (Spheniscidae), også kalt <b>pingviner</b>. En familie med flygeudyktige, dykkende <a href="/wiki/Sj%C3%B8fugler" title="Sjøfugler">sjøfugler</a> som har fått <a href="/wiki/Vinge" title="Vinge">vingene</a> omdannet til <a href="/wiki/Luffe" title="Luffe">luffelignende</a> <a href="/wiki/Sv%C3%B8mming" title="Svømming">svømmeredskaper</a>. Artene består av mer eller mindre sosiale individer som lever i <a href="/wiki/Flokk" title="Flokk">flokk</a> og er tilpasset et <a href="/wiki/Marin" title="Marin">marint</a> og <a href="/wiki/Terrestrisk" title="Terrestrisk">terrestrisk</a> <a href="/wiki/Habitat" title="Habitat">habitat</a> i og ved havet, der fuglene jakter føden under <a href="/wiki/Dykking" title="Dykking">dykking</a> i de kalde og meget næringsrike <a href="/wiki/Havstr%C3%B8m" title="Havstrøm">havstrømmene</a>. </p><p>Pingvinfamilien teller 18 arter fordelt i seks slekter.<sup id="cite_ref-Martínez_&_Bonan_(2017)_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Martínez_&_Bonan_(2017)-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alle artene lever på <a href="/wiki/Den_s%C3%B8rlige_halvkule" class="mw-redirect" title="Den sørlige halvkule">den sørlige halvkule</a> og flere av dem er utrydningstrua, i en eller annen grad.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Den største nålevende arten er <a href="/wiki/Keiserpingvin" title="Keiserpingvin">keiserpingvinen</a> (<i>Aptenodytes forsteri</i>), som normalt blir cirka <span class="nowrap">112–115 cm</span> høy og typisk veier omkring <span class="nowrap">19–46 kg</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Martínez_&_Bonan_(2017)_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Martínez_&_Bonan_(2017)-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Den minste pingvinarten er <a href="/wiki/Dvergpingvin" title="Dvergpingvin">dvergpingvinen</a> (<i>Eudyptula minor</i>), som normalt blir cirka <span class="nowrap">40–45 cm</span> høy og typisk veier omkring <span class="nowrap"> 0,5–2.1 kg</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Martínez_&_Bonan_(2017)_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Martínez_&_Bonan_(2017)-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evolusjon">Evolusjon</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Evolusjon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Evolusjon"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Waimanu_BW.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Waimanu_BW.jpg/250px-Waimanu_BW.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Waimanu_BW.jpg/375px-Waimanu_BW.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Waimanu_BW.jpg/500px-Waimanu_BW.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="679" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Waimanu" title="Waimanu">Waimanu manneringi</a></i> (†)<br />(rekonstruksjon, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Selandium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Selandium (ikke skrevet ennå)">selandium</a>, Antarktika)</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Neoaves" class="mw-redirect" title="Neoaves">Neoaves</a> separerte i to linjer for cirka 79,6 millioner år siden. Den ene ledet fram til <a href="/wiki/Passeriformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Passeriformes">Passeriformes</a>, den andre til <a href="/wiki/Falconiformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Falconiformes">Falconiformes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charadriiformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Charadriiformes">Charadriiformes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Procellariiformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Procellariiformes">Procellariiformes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gaviiformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaviiformes">Gaviiformes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ciconiiformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciconiiformes">Ciconiiformes</a> og Sphenisciformes (pingvinene).<sup id="cite_ref-Baker_mfl_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baker_mfl-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Slack_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Slack-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sphenisciformes (pingviner) og Procellariiformes (<a href="/wiki/Stormfugler" title="Stormfugler">stormfugler</a>) har trolig en felles <a href="/wiki/Progenitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Progenitor">progenitor</a> som forskerne mener levde på <a href="/wiki/Gondwana" title="Gondwana">Gondwana</a> for omkring 71 millioner år siden, den gang <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antarktika" title="Antarktika">Antarktika</a> og <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8r-Amerika" title="Sør-Amerika">Sør-Amerika</a> hang sammen og den store landmassen lå lenger mot sør.<sup id="cite_ref-Baker_mfl_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baker_mfl-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Den linja som førte til Sphenisciformes splittet først for cirka 67 millioner år siden, da <a href="/wiki/Gaviiformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaviiformes">Gaviiformes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lommer" title="Lommer">lommer</a>) skilte lag.<sup id="cite_ref-Slack_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Slack-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Så for cirka 62 millioner år siden splittet Sphenisciformes og <a href="/wiki/Ciconiiformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciconiiformes">Ciconiiformes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Storkefugler" title="Storkefugler">storkefugler</a>) i hver sine linjer.<sup id="cite_ref-Slack_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Slack-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Slektskapet til Procellariiformes ble foreslått med bakgrunn i likheter i rørformede neseåpninger hos fossiler og den nålevende <a href="/wiki/Dvergpingvin" title="Dvergpingvin">dvergpingvinen</a> (<i>Eudyptula minor</i>). Det er også foreslått lignende slektskap til lommer (Gaviidae), <a href="/wiki/Lappedykkere" class="mw-redirect" title="Lappedykkere">lappedykkere</a> (Podicipedidae) og <a href="/wiki/Skarver" title="Skarver">skarver</a> (Phalacrocoracidae). Tester med <a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a> plasserer imidlertid pingvinene sammen med Ciconiiformes (storker) i utvidet sammenheng, men antyder også slektskap med Charadriiformes og <a href="/wiki/Pelecaniformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Pelecaniformes">Pelecaniformes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Slack_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Slack-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>De eldste bevisene man har for pingviner er <a href="/wiki/Fossil" title="Fossil">fossile</a> funn av to arter i slekten <i><a href="/wiki/Waimanu" title="Waimanu">Waimanu</a></i>, det ene cirka 60,5–61,6 millioner år gammelt og det andre cirka 58–60 millioner år gammelt.<sup id="cite_ref-Slack_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Slack-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Funnet indikerer at pingvinene må ha utviklet seg fra <a href="/wiki/Neornithes" class="mw-redirect" title="Neornithes">Neornithes</a> og ervervet disparate funksjoner, som stor kroppsstørrelse, mer oppreist gange og luffelignende vinger til dykking alt før tidlig <a href="/wiki/Paleocen" title="Paleocen">paleocen</a> – altså kun 3–4 millioner år etter <a href="/wiki/Kritt-paleogen-grensen" title="Kritt-paleogen-grensen">K-Pg-grensen</a> (for cirka 65,5 millioner år siden, da en rekke arter ble utryddet i løpet av kort tid). </p><p>Det er imidlertid også gjort en rekke andre funn, som skriver seg til perioden mellom disse hendelsene og tidspunktet for da stamformen til dagens moderne pingviner (Spheniscinae) oppsto. Forholdet mellom disse funnene er imidlertid fortsatt stort sett uavklarte. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Moderne_pingviner">Moderne pingviner</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Moderne pingviner" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Moderne pingviner"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Det evolusjonære forholdet pingvinene i mellom er fortsatt uklart. <a href="/wiki/Fossil" title="Fossil">Fossile</a> funn antyder at mer enn 50 arter må ha eksistert på den sørlige halvkule gjennom tiden. <a href="/wiki/Waitahapingvin" title="Waitahapingvin">Waitahapingvinen</a> (<i>Megadyptes waitaha</i>) er (foreløpig) den siste kjente arten som har gått tapt, trolig <a href="/wiki/Jakt" title="Jakt">jaktet</a> til utryddelse av <a href="/wiki/Maorier" title="Maorier">maoriene</a> på <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> for omkring 500 år siden. </p><p>De moderne pingvinenens progenitor levde trolig for omkring 41–39 millioner år siden.<sup id="cite_ref-Hogan_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hogan-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Moderne forskning med DNA antyder at slekten <i>Aptenodytes</i> skilte seg ut som en basal linje for omkring 40 millioner år siden, og <i>Pygoscelis</i> for omkring 38 millioner år siden.<sup id="cite_ref-Baker_mfl_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baker_mfl-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stamformen til de resterende slektene oppsto trolig for omkring 27,8 millioner år siden, og slektene <i>Spheniscus</i> og <i>Eudyptula</i> splittet trolig lag for omkring 25 millioner år siden.<sup id="cite_ref-Baker_mfl_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baker_mfl-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Slekten <i>Megadyptes</i> splittet videre fra <i>Eudyptes</i> for omkring 15 millioner år siden.<sup id="cite_ref-Baker_mfl_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baker_mfl-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Det hersker fortsatt en viss uenighet omkring den basale linjen, i det morfologiske studier antyder at <i>Spheniscus</i> og <i>Eudyptula</i>, som består av fysisk betydelig mindre arter, var først. I så fall indikerer dette at forfedrene også var fysisk mindre.<sup id="cite_ref-Ksepka_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ksepka-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymologi">Etymologi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Etymologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Etymologi"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Keulemans-GreatAuk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Keulemans-GreatAuk.jpg/250px-Keulemans-GreatAuk.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="364" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Keulemans-GreatAuk.jpg/375px-Keulemans-GreatAuk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Keulemans-GreatAuk.jpg/500px-Keulemans-GreatAuk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2508" data-file-height="3649" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Geirfugl" title="Geirfugl">Geirfuglen</a> var ikke i slekt med pingvinene, men den kan ha hatt betydning for navnet på denne gruppen med fugler. Den minner også ganske mye om <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B8ylepingvin" title="Bøylepingvin">bøylepingvinen</a>.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23957101"><div class="byline"><span class="hidden"> </span> John Gerrard Keulemans (1842–1912)<br /> (<i>Alca impennis</i>)</div></figcaption></figure> <p>Etymologien til beskrivelsen <i>pingvin</i> er omdiskutert. Den norske beskrivelsen stammer sannsynligvis fra den engelske. Engelskmennene kalte trolig opprinnelig den nå utdødde <a href="/wiki/Geirfugl" title="Geirfugl">geirfuglen</a> for <i>penguin</i>. <a href="/wiki/Francis_Drake" title="Francis Drake">Francis Drake</a> oppdaget noen merkelige flygeudyktige fugler som minnet om den flygeudyktige geirfuglen da han passerte gjennom <a href="/wiki/Magellanstredet" title="Magellanstredet">Magellanstredet</a> i år 1578. Navnet <i>penguin</i> ble derfor hengende ved disse skapningene, som vi nå i et samleuttrykk kaller <i>pingviner</i> på norsk. </p><p>Noen mener at betegnelsen <i>pingvin</i> kan stamme fra de <a href="/wiki/Walisisk_spr%C3%A5k" class="mw-redirect" title="Walisisk språk">walisiske</a> uttrykkene <i>pen</i> (hode) og <i>gwyn</i> (hvit), altså <i>hvitt hode</i>. Geirfuglen hadde hvite flekker over øynene, noe som kan forklare det hvite. Teorien mangler imidlertid både støtte og dokumentasjon. </p><p>Det eksisterer også flere andre teorier om opphavet til beskrivelsen. En stammer fra det <a href="/wiki/Latinsk_spr%C3%A5k" class="mw-redirect" title="Latinsk språk">latinsk</a> uttrykket <i>pinguis</i>, som betyr <i>fet</i>. Teorien kunne vært sannsynlig, men bare dersom det hadde latt seg dokumentere at geirfuglen opprinnelig ble kalt <i>penguin</i>. Dette er imidlertid problematisk. </p><p>Det vitenskapelige navnet på både ordenen, familien og underfamilien følger imidlertid av slektsnavnet <i><a href="/wiki/Spheniscus" title="Spheniscus">Spheniscus</a></i>, som stammer fra det <a href="/wiki/Gresk_spr%C3%A5k" class="mw-redirect" title="Gresk språk">greske</a> uttrykket <i>sphēnos</i> (σφηνος = <a href="/wiki/Kile" title="Kile">kile</a> eller kileformet). Man må gå ut fra, at det er den kileformede kroppen pingviner har som er opphavet.<sup id="cite_ref-Jobling_(2017)_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jobling_(2017)-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Utbredelse">Utbredelse</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: Utbredelse" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Utbredelse"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Penguin_range.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Penguin_range.png/250px-Penguin_range.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Penguin_range.png/375px-Penguin_range.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Penguin_range.png/500px-Penguin_range.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="745" /></a><figcaption>Pingviner er <a href="/wiki/Endemisk" title="Endemisk">endemiske</a> for <a href="/wiki/Den_s%C3%B8rlige_halvkule" class="mw-redirect" title="Den sørlige halvkule">den sørlige halvkule</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Pingvinene holder til på <a href="/wiki/Den_s%C3%B8rlige_halvkule" class="mw-redirect" title="Den sørlige halvkule">den sørlige halvkule</a>, de fleste i <a href="/wiki/Antarktis" title="Antarktis">Antarktisregionen</a>. Tre arter finnes i den <a href="/wiki/Temperert_klima" title="Temperert klima">tempererte sonen</a>, hvorav den ene har en utbredelse som strekker seg langt mot nord. En art lever også så langt <a href="/wiki/Nord" title="Nord">nord</a> som på <a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos%C3%B8yene" title="Galápagosøyene">Galápagosøyene</a>, ved <a href="/wiki/Ekvator" title="Ekvator">ekvator</a>. Det er den eneste arten der deler av bestanden befinner seg på <a href="/wiki/Den_nordlige_halvkule" title="Den nordlige halvkule">den nordlige halvkule</a>. De to sørligste artene er <a href="/wiki/Keiserpingvin" title="Keiserpingvin">keiserpingvin</a> og <a href="/wiki/Adeliepingvin" title="Adeliepingvin">adeliepingvin</a>, som begge hekker på selve <a href="/wiki/Antarktika" title="Antarktika">Antarktika</a>. Adeliepingvinen om sommeren, keiserpingvinen om vinteren. </p><p>Mange av artene er svært sårbare for endringer i miljøet, fordi bestanden hekker i et svært avgrenset område. Selv om totalbestanden er tallrik kan miljøforurensning forårsake ubotelig skade, selv i svært begrenset omfang. Artenes <a href="/wiki/IUCNs_r%C3%B8dliste" title="IUCNs rødliste">rødlistestatus</a> hensynstar dette. </p><p>Den mest tallrike pingvinarten er <a href="/wiki/Gulltoppingvin" title="Gulltoppingvin">gulltoppingvinen</a> (<i>Eudyptes chrysolophus</i>). Totalbestanden er anslått til omkring 9 millioner par.<sup id="cite_ref-IUCNRedlist_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IUCNRedlist-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gul%C3%B8yepingvin" title="Guløyepingvin">Guløyepingvinen</a> regnes som den sjeldneste pingvinarten, med en totalbestand på kun 3 560–4 180 hekkende par.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Habitat">Habitat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Rediger avsnitt: Habitat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Habitat"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:141_-_Cap_Virgenes_-_Manchot_de_Magellan_-_Janvier_2010.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/141_-_Cap_Virgenes_-_Manchot_de_Magellan_-_Janvier_2010.JPG/250px-141_-_Cap_Virgenes_-_Manchot_de_Magellan_-_Janvier_2010.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/141_-_Cap_Virgenes_-_Manchot_de_Magellan_-_Janvier_2010.JPG/375px-141_-_Cap_Virgenes_-_Manchot_de_Magellan_-_Janvier_2010.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/141_-_Cap_Virgenes_-_Manchot_de_Magellan_-_Janvier_2010.JPG/500px-141_-_Cap_Virgenes_-_Manchot_de_Magellan_-_Janvier_2010.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4722" data-file-height="3148" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Magellanpingvin" title="Magellanpingvin">Magellanpingviner</a> ved <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Virgenes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cape Virgenes (ikke skrevet ennå)">Cape Virgenes</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23957101"><div class="byline"><span class="hidden"> </span>Foto: Martin St-Amant </div></figcaption></figure> <p>Alle pingviner er marine arter med nær tilknytning til havet, som er solitær kilde for artenes ernæringsbehov. Noen av artene tilbringer opp mot 75 prosent av tilværelsen i sjøen, andre er mer terrestriske og tilbringer kanskje like mye tid på land. Noen arter trives i is og snø og ekstrem kulde, mens andre lever på klipper og fjell, steiner og grus og grønne habitat i den tempererte sonen. En art er også tilpasset den tropiske varmen nær ekvator. </p><p>Felles for alle artene er deres marine næringsbehov. Dietten består typisk av <a href="/wiki/Krepsdyr" title="Krepsdyr">krepsdyr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fisk" title="Fisk">fisk</a> og <a href="/wiki/Blekksprut" class="mw-redirect" title="Blekksprut">blekksprut</a>, som føres til leveområdene med de kalde, næringsrike <a href="/wiki/Havstr%C3%B8m" title="Havstrøm">havstrømmene</a>. Havstrømmer som fører med seg kalde vannmasser og godt med næring er også årsaken til at noen arter har klart å etablere seg i varmere strøk. Endringer i havstrømmene (herunder <a href="/wiki/Forurensning" title="Forurensning">forurensning</a>) vil derfor utgjøre en alvorlig trussel for en arts eksistens. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beskrivelse">Beskrivelse</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Rediger avsnitt: Beskrivelse" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Beskrivelse"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Falkland_Islands_Penguins_48.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Falkland_Islands_Penguins_48.jpg/250px-Falkland_Islands_Penguins_48.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="376" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Falkland_Islands_Penguins_48.jpg/375px-Falkland_Islands_Penguins_48.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Falkland_Islands_Penguins_48.jpg/500px-Falkland_Islands_Penguins_48.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1361" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kongepingvin" title="Kongepingvin">Kongepingvin</a> med unge.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23957101"><div class="byline"><span class="hidden"> </span>Foto: Ben Tubby </div></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Eudyptula_minor_family_exiting_burrow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Eudyptula_minor_family_exiting_burrow.jpg/250px-Eudyptula_minor_family_exiting_burrow.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Eudyptula_minor_family_exiting_burrow.jpg/375px-Eudyptula_minor_family_exiting_burrow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Eudyptula_minor_family_exiting_burrow.jpg/500px-Eudyptula_minor_family_exiting_burrow.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="1494" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dvergpingvin" title="Dvergpingvin">Dvergpingvinen</a> (<i>Eudyptula minor</i>) er den fysisk minste av pingvinartene. En spesiell <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">proteinstruktur</a> i fjæra genererer blåfargen, som skinner i nyanser etter lyset.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23957101"><div class="byline"><span class="hidden"> </span>Foto: JJ Harrison </div></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Schwimmender-Pinguin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Schwimmender-Pinguin.jpg/250px-Schwimmender-Pinguin.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Schwimmender-Pinguin.jpg/375px-Schwimmender-Pinguin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Schwimmender-Pinguin.jpg/500px-Schwimmender-Pinguin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="590" /></a><figcaption>Dykkende <a href="/wiki/Humboldtpingvin" title="Humboldtpingvin">humboldtpingvin</a>.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23957101"><div class="byline"><span class="hidden"> </span>Foto: Wilfried Wittkowsky </div></figcaption></figure> <p>Pingviner er sosiale vann- og landbaserte flygeudyktige fugler som lever i store flokker kalt kolonier. Det er de eneste fuglene som har brystkam i skjelettet, men likevel ikke kan bruke vingene til å fly med. Vingene er i stedet omdannet til stive, luffelignende svømmeredskaper, som gjør dem svært godt tilpasset til et liv på havet. Pingviner har også en mer massiv benbygning enn fugler flest, noe som sammen med den strømlinjeformede kroppen er en fordel når fuglene svømmer og dykker. </p><p>Artene består av middels store til store fugler som veier omkring 1–40 <a href="/wiki/Kg" class="mw-redirect" title="Kg">kg</a> og blir cirka 25–115 <a href="/wiki/Cm" class="mw-redirect" title="Cm">cm</a> høye når de står. Kroppslengden er gjerne litt større enn høyden, siden man da måler lengden fra spissen av <a href="/wiki/Nebb" title="Nebb">nebbet</a> til enden av <a href="/wiki/Stjert" class="mw-redirect" title="Stjert">stjerten</a>. Den fysisk største arten er keiserpingvin og den minste <a href="/wiki/Dvergpingvin" title="Dvergpingvin">dvergpingvin</a>. </p><p>Nebbet hos pingvinene er relativt langt og smalt. Det brukes i hovedsak som et våpen til å fange byttedyr med, men også til å forsvare seg og som en redskap til å stelle fjærdrakten med. I bakkant av nebbet har pingvinene en såkalt saltkjertel, en kjertel som skiller ut salt fra sjøvann og byttedyr fuglene spiser. </p><p>Pingvinkroppen er dekket med <a href="/wiki/Fj%C3%A6r" title="Fjær">fjær</a> som sitter i tette, overlappende lag og er stive, rette og vannavstøtende. Fjærene låses sammen slik at de holder på luften som bidrar som et ekstra isolerende lag når fuglene dykker. Dette gir sammen med det tykke fettlaget under huden meget god isolasjon mot vann og kulde. Flere av artene tåler derfor ekstrem kulde. Større pingviner holder lettere på varmen og er derfor mer vanlige i de kaldeste strøkene. Stjerten er kort til svært kort, og bena sitter langt bak på kroppen, så pingvinene må beveger seg i oppreist stilling når de går (på linje med <a href="/wiki/Menneske" title="Menneske">mennesket</a>). På is og snø er det dessuten vanlig at pingviner glir på buken mens de sparker fra med lemmene for å skape framdrift. Føttene har svømmehud og brukes til å padle med når fuglene svømmer i overflatestilling. Når fuglene dykker brukes føttene som <a href="/wiki/Ror" title="Ror">ror</a>. </p><p>Pingviner har en normal kroppstemperatur på cirka 38 °C. De har evnen til regional varmefordeling, noe som medfører ulik temperatur i vinger og føtter, sammenlignet med resten av kroppen. Temperaturen i vingene og føttene kan bli betydelig lavere, i huden på føttene ned mot 0 °C når pingvinen oppholder seg på is og snø. Under huden finnes imidlertid et isolerende fettlag som beskytter fuglen mot skader. Likeledes kvitter fuglene seg med overskuddsvarme gjennom å pumpe oppvarmet blod til vinger og føtter. Dette er årsaken til at føttene hos enkelte arter kan anta en sterk rosa farge på varme dager. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sanseapparatet">Sanseapparatet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Rediger avsnitt: Sanseapparatet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&action=edit&section=7" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Sanseapparatet"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pingvinenes viktigste sans er <a href="/wiki/Synssansen" class="mw-redirect" title="Synssansen">synet</a>. Øynene er tilpasset fuglenes behov for godt syn under dykking, da det brukes til å lokalisere byttedyr og å unngå rovdyr. En spesiell membran styrker skapsynet. Fargesynet er utvidet og spesielt sensitivt for blått, grønt og fiolett lys. På land er fuglene <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A6rsynt" class="mw-redirect" title="Nærsynt">nærsynte</a>. </p><p>Pingviner har god hørsel, som brukes aktivt under kommunikasjon. Luktesansen er av mindre betydning, selv om luktelappen i hjernen er stor hos pingvinene. Smakssansen hos fugler er generelt lite utviklet, noe man antar også gjelder for pingvinene. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Atferd">Atferd</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Rediger avsnitt: Atferd" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&action=edit&section=8" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Atferd"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De fleste artene lever i <a href="/wiki/Fuglekoloni" title="Fuglekoloni">fuglekolonier</a>. Koloniene varierer i størrelse, også mellom artene. Små kolonier kan telle kun noen titalls par, andre flere hundre, tusen eller mange titalls tusen par. Store kolonier teller ofte flere titalls tusen par, og de største flere hundre tusen par. Mange arter foretar også migrerende trekk, både over land og på sjøen. Disse trekkene er fortsatt lite opplyste blant forskerne, som i noen tilfeller ikke vet nok om hvor artene oppholder seg utenfor hekkesesongen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ernæringsatferd"><span id="Ern.C3.A6ringsatferd"></span>Ernæringsatferd</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Rediger avsnitt: Ernæringsatferd" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&action=edit&section=9" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Ernæringsatferd"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Artene jakter på og spiser sjødyr, som <a href="/wiki/Krill" title="Krill">krill</a> og andre <a href="/wiki/Krepsdyr" title="Krepsdyr">krepsdyr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fisk" title="Fisk">fisk</a> og <a href="/wiki/Blekksprut" class="mw-redirect" title="Blekksprut">blekksprut</a>. Byttet fanges under <a href="/wiki/Dykking" title="Dykking">dykking</a>. </p><p>Pingviner er usedvanlig gode dykkere som i noen tilfeller kan oppnå en hastighet på mer enn 30 <a href="/wiki/Km/t" class="mw-redirect" title="Km/t">km/t</a> i neddykket tilstand, og være neddykket i opptil 20 <a href="/wiki/Minutter" class="mw-redirect" title="Minutter">minutter</a> i strekk. Den enorme dykkekapasiteten skyldes pingvinenes usedvanlig gode kontroll med fordelingen av <a href="/wiki/Oksygen" title="Oksygen">oksygen</a> i kroppen. Fuglene kan kontrollere når og hvordan oksygenet fordeles i muskulaturen.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det er kjent at keiserpingvinen kan dykke til mer enn 500 meters dyp (1 800 <a href="/wiki/Fot_(m%C3%A5leenhet)" title="Fot (måleenhet)">fot</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Det er kjent at pingviner som <a href="/wiki/Delfiner" title="Delfiner">delfiner</a> bruker bølger til å <a href="/wiki/Surfing" title="Surfing">surfe</a> på (trolig for å spare <a href="/wiki/Energi" title="Energi">energi</a>) når de forflytter seg. Pingviner har også, i likhet med delfiner, evnen til å bykse (hoppe, sprette) ut av vannet (ofte gjentatte ganger i rekkefølge) mens de svømmer fort, til eller fra land. Atferden har trolig med fuglenes <a href="/wiki/Oksygen" title="Oksygen">oksygenopptak</a> å gjøre. Likeledes spretter gjerne fuglene opp på land eller iskanten fra vannet i stor fart, noe som trolig redusere faren for å bli angrepet av en annen art. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Forplantningsatferd">Forplantningsatferd</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Rediger avsnitt: Forplantningsatferd" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&action=edit&section=10" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Forplantningsatferd"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Eudyptes_chrysolophus2_(South_Georgia).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Eudyptes_chrysolophus2_%28South_Georgia%29.jpg/250px-Eudyptes_chrysolophus2_%28South_Georgia%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Eudyptes_chrysolophus2_%28South_Georgia%29.jpg/375px-Eudyptes_chrysolophus2_%28South_Georgia%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Eudyptes_chrysolophus2_%28South_Georgia%29.jpg/500px-Eudyptes_chrysolophus2_%28South_Georgia%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="850" /></a><figcaption>Hekkende <a href="/wiki/Klippehopperpingvin" title="Klippehopperpingvin">klippehopperpingviner</a>.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23957101"><div class="byline"><span class="hidden"> </span>Foto: Butterfly voyages </div></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:African_Penguin_laying_an_egg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/African_Penguin_laying_an_egg.jpg/250px-African_Penguin_laying_an_egg.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/African_Penguin_laying_an_egg.jpg/375px-African_Penguin_laying_an_egg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/African_Penguin_laying_an_egg.jpg/500px-African_Penguin_laying_an_egg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1882" data-file-height="1412" /></a><figcaption>Hekkende <a href="/wiki/Kappingvin" title="Kappingvin">kappingviner</a>.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23957101"><div class="byline"><span class="hidden"> </span>Foto: Mike Scott </div></figcaption></figure> <p>Pingviner er normalt <a href="/wiki/Monogami" class="mw-redirect" title="Monogami">monogame</a>, men keiserpingvinen er seriemonogam. Den holder seg altså til samme partner kun gjennom hekkesesongen. Artene hekker gjerne på samme plassen livet i gjennom, men nødvendigvis ikke nøyaktig der det forrige redet lå. Dette har trolig sammenheng med <a href="/wiki/Guano" title="Guano">guanoen</a>. </p><p>Noen arter bygger redet direkte på bakken, enten på fjellgrunn, steingrunn eller sandgrunn. Andre bygger redet i bergsprekker eller huler og ganger under bakkenivå. Byggematerialet er ofte stein og gress. Et par av artene bygger ikke rede, men ruger i stedet egget på toppen av føttene sine. Med unntak for keiserpingvinen hekker alle artene i sommerhalvåret. </p><p>Kurtisen er variert og kompleks, og som regel lydsterk. De fleste artene hekker i store kolonier. Pingvinene legger normalt ett eller to egg (artsavhengig). Som regel bidrar både hannen og hunnen med ruging og ungepass. Hos keiserpingvinen er det imidlertid hannen som ruger. Eggene og ungene blir passet på av den ene av foreldrene, mens den andre skaffer føde. </p><p>Tyske og japanske dyrehager har også rapportert om homofile pingviner. Dette fenomenet er også rapportert ved <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelly_Tarlton%27s_Aquarium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kelly Tarlton's Aquarium (ikke skrevet ennå)">Kelly Tarlton's Aquarium</a> i <a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a>, New Zealand. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trusler">Trusler</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Rediger avsnitt: Trusler" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&action=edit&section=11" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Trusler"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pingviner er byttedyr for <a href="/wiki/Haier" title="Haier">haier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seler" title="Seler">seler</a> og <a href="/wiki/Tannhvaler" title="Tannhvaler">tannhvaler</a>, spesielt <a href="/wiki/Leopardsel" title="Leopardsel">leopardsel</a> og <a href="/wiki/Spekkhogger" title="Spekkhogger">spekkhogger</a>. Flere fuglearter, som <a href="/wiki/Joer" title="Joer">joer</a> og <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A5ker" title="Måker">måker</a>, tar dessuten både egg og nyklekte kyllinger når anledningen byr seg. Noen steder er også <a href="/wiki/Rotter" title="Rotter">rotter</a> og innførte <a href="/wiki/Rovpattedyr" title="Rovpattedyr">rovpattedyr</a>, som <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B8yskatt" title="Røyskatt">røyskatt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamhund" title="Tamhund">hunder</a> og <a href="/wiki/Tamkatt" title="Tamkatt">katter</a>, en trussel for pingvinene. </p><p>Den største trusselen er allikevel faren for <a href="/wiki/Global_oppvarming" title="Global oppvarming">global oppvarming</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milj%C3%B8forurensning" class="mw-redirect" title="Miljøforurensning">miljøforurensning</a>, tap av <a href="/wiki/Habitat" title="Habitat">habitat</a> og konkurranse om ressursene i havet med mennesket. Endringer i <a href="/wiki/Havstr%C3%B8m" title="Havstrøm">havstrømmene</a> vil også i stor grad påvirke økosystemet i dette området. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Systematikk">Systematikk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Rediger avsnitt: Systematikk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&action=edit&section=12" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Systematikk"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Inndelingen av pingvinene følger <a href="/wiki/HBW_Alive" class="mw-redirect" title="HBW Alive">HBW Alive</a> og er i henhold til Martínez & Bonan (2017).<sup id="cite_ref-Martínez_&_Bonan_(2017)_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Martínez_&_Bonan_(2017)-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> En studie med helt genom fastslår at Sphenisciformes er <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8stergruppe" title="Søstergruppe">søstergruppen</a> til <a href="/wiki/Stormfugler" title="Stormfugler">Procellariiformes</a> (stormfuglene).<sup id="cite_ref-Jarvis_''et_al.''_(2014)_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jarvis_''et_al.''_(2014)-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Familien teller 18 nålevende arter, fordelt i seks slekter.<sup id="cite_ref-WoRMS_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WoRMS-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Martínez_&_Bonan_(2017)_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Martínez_&_Bonan_(2017)-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Forholdene mellom slektene og artene er i noen tilfeller fortsatt uklart. Alle nålevende pingviner tilhører imidlertid underfamilien Spheniscinae (moderne pingviner).<sup id="cite_ref-Martínez_&_Bonan_(2017)_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Martínez_&_Bonan_(2017)-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ikke alle anerkjente <a href="/wiki/Langduskpingvin" title="Langduskpingvin">langduskpingvin</a> (<i>Eudyptes moseleyi</i>) som en selvstendig art til å begynne med. Den er nært beslektet med <a href="/wiki/Klippehopperpingvin" title="Klippehopperpingvin">klippehopperpingvin</a> (<i>E. chrysocome</i>) og ble splittet fra denne i 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-Jouventin_''et_al.''_(2006)_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jouventin_''et_al.''_(2006)-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Siden har den blitt akseptert som en egen art av flere, blant annet WoRMS<sup id="cite_ref-WoRMS_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WoRMS-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> og <a href="/wiki/BirdLife_International" title="BirdLife International">BirdLife International</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BirdLife_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BirdLife-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Relevant nyere forskning antyder at det kan være 19 arter med pingviner, i det <a href="/wiki/Nominatform" title="Nominatform">nominatformen</a> av klippehopperpingvin og <i>E. c. fiholi</i> (østlig klippehopperpingvin) kan være distinkte nok til at de bør skilles i hver sin art.<sup id="cite_ref-Ksepka_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ksepka-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inndeling">Inndeling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Rediger avsnitt: Inndeling" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&action=edit&section=13" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Inndeling"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Icadyptes_BW.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Icadyptes_BW.jpg/250px-Icadyptes_BW.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="317" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Icadyptes_BW.jpg/375px-Icadyptes_BW.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/Icadyptes_BW.jpg 2x" data-file-width="472" data-file-height="599" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Icadyptes_salasi" title="Icadyptes salasi">Icadyptes salasi</a></i> (†)<br />(rekonstruksjon, fra sen <a href="/wiki/Eocen" title="Eocen">eocen</a>, Peru)</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r19918120">.mw-parser-output .treeview+ul,.mw-parser-output .treeview+ul ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview+ul li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview+ul li li{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:20px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview+ul li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview+ul .anon-branch{display:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview+ul li>.anon-branch+ul{margin-left:-1px}.mw-parser-output .treeview+ul li>.anon-branch+ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview title ve-conditional-display-block"><b>Treliste</b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moderne_n%C3%A5tidsfugler" title="Moderne nåtidsfugler">Neognathae</a>, moderne nåtidsfugler <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moderne_fugler" title="Moderne fugler">Neoaves</a>, moderne fugler <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aequornithes" title="Aequornithes">Aequornithes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austrodyptornithes" title="Austrodyptornithes">Austrodyptornithes</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sphenisciformes</a>, pingviner <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Spheniscidae</a>, pingvinfamilien <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kjempepingviner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kjempepingviner (ikke skrevet ennå)">Palaeeudyptinae</a>, kjempepingviner (†) <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crossvallia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crossvallia (ikke skrevet ennå)">Crossvallia</a></i> (†)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthropornis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anthropornis (ikke skrevet ennå)">Anthropornis</a></i> (†)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Icadyptes" class="mw-redirect" title="Icadyptes">Icadyptes</a></i> (†)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palaeeudyptes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palaeeudyptes (ikke skrevet ennå)">Palaeeudyptes</a></i> (†)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pachydyptes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pachydyptes (ikke skrevet ennå)">Pachydyptes</a></i> (†)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthropodyptes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anthropodyptes (ikke skrevet ennå)">Anthropodyptes</a></i> (†)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tykkfotpingviner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tykkfotpingviner (ikke skrevet ennå)">Paraptenodytinae</a>, tykkfotpingviner (†) <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthrodytes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthrodytes (ikke skrevet ennå)">Arthrodytes</a></i> (†)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paraptenodytes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paraptenodytes (ikke skrevet ennå)">Paraptenodytes</a></i> (†)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smalfotpingviner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Smalfotpingviner (ikke skrevet ennå)">Palaeospheniscinae</a>, smalfotpingviner (†) <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eretiscus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eretiscus (ikke skrevet ennå)">Eretiscus</a></i> (†)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palaeospheniscus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palaeospheniscus (ikke skrevet ennå)">Palaeospheniscus</a></i> (†)</li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Spheniscinae</a>, moderne pingviner <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aptenodytes" title="Aptenodytes">Aptenodytes</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Store_pingviner" class="mw-redirect" title="Store pingviner">store pingviner</a> <ul><li><i>A. patagonicus</i>, <a href="/wiki/Kongepingvin" title="Kongepingvin">kongepingvin</a> (LC) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aptenodytes_patagonicus_patagonicus" class="mw-redirect" title="Aptenodytes patagonicus patagonicus">A. p. patagonicus</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8r-Georgia" title="Sør-Georgia">Sør-Georgia</a> og <a href="/wiki/Falklands%C3%B8yene" title="Falklandsøyene">Falklandsøyene</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aptenodytes_patagonicus_halli" class="mw-redirect" title="Aptenodytes patagonicus halli">A. p. halli</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Kerguelen" title="Kerguelen">Kerguelen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crozet%C3%B8yene" title="Crozetøyene">Crozetøyene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward%C3%B8yene" title="Prince Edwardøyene">Prince Edwardøyene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heard-_og_McDonald%C3%B8yene" title="Heard- og McDonaldøyene">Heard- og McDonaldøyene</a>, og <a href="/wiki/Macquarie%C3%B8ya" title="Macquarieøya">Macquarieøya</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><i>A. forsteri</i>, <a href="/wiki/Keiserpingvin" title="Keiserpingvin">keiserpingvin</a> (NT)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pygoscelis" title="Pygoscelis">Pygoscelis</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B8rstehalepingviner" class="mw-redirect" title="Børstehalepingviner">børstehalepingviner</a> <ul><li><i>P. papua</i>, <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B8ylepingvin" title="Bøylepingvin">bøylepingvin</a> (NT) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pygoscelis_papua_papua" class="mw-redirect" title="Pygoscelis papua papua">P. p. papua</a></i> (Falklandsøyene, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8r-Georgia" title="Sør-Georgia">Sør-Georgia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kerguelen" title="Kerguelen">Kerguelen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heard-_og_McDonald%C3%B8yene" title="Heard- og McDonaldøyene">Heard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macquarie%C3%B8ya" title="Macquarieøya">Macquarieøya</a> og <a href="/wiki/Estados%C3%B8ya" class="mw-redirect" title="Estadosøya">Estadosøya</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pygoscelis_papua_ellsworthii" class="mw-redirect" title="Pygoscelis papua ellsworthii">P .p. ellsworthii</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Antarktishalv%C3%B8ya" title="Antarktishalvøya">Antarktishalvøya</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8r-Sandwich%C3%B8yene" title="Sør-Sandwichøyene">Sør-Sandwichøyene</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8r-Shetlands%C3%B8yene" title="Sør-Shetlandsøyene">Sør-Shetlandsøyene</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8r-Orkn%C3%B8yene" title="Sør-Orknøyene">Sør-Orknøyene</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><i>P. adeliae</i>, <a href="/wiki/Adeliepingvin" title="Adeliepingvin">adeliepingvin</a> (NT)</li> <li><i>P. antarcticus</i>, <a href="/wiki/Ringpingvin" title="Ringpingvin">ringpingvin</a> (LC)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eudyptes" title="Eudyptes">Eudyptes</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Topp_pingviner" class="mw-redirect" title="Topp pingviner">topp pingviner</a> <ul><li><i>E. schlegeli</i>, <a href="/wiki/Hvitkinnpingvin" title="Hvitkinnpingvin">hvitkinnpingvin</a> (VU)</li> <li><i>E. chrysolophus</i>, <a href="/wiki/Gulltoppingvin" title="Gulltoppingvin">gulltoppingvin</a> (VU)</li> <li><i>E. moseleyi</i>, <a href="/wiki/Langduskpingvin" title="Langduskpingvin">langduskpingvin</a><sup id="cite_ref-Tasker_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tasker-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (EN)</li> <li><i>E. chrysocome</i>, <a href="/wiki/Klippehopperpingvin" title="Klippehopperpingvin">klippehopperpingvin</a><sup id="cite_ref-Tasker_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tasker-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (VU) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Eudyptes_chrysocome_chrysocome" class="mw-redirect" title="Eudyptes chrysocome chrysocome">E. c. chrysocome</a></i> (Falklandsøyene og øyer utenfor <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> og <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>) (sørlig klippehopperpingvin, <i>E. chrysocome</i>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eudyptes_chrysocome_fiholi" class="mw-redirect" title="Eudyptes chrysocome fiholi">E. c. fiholi</a></i> (subantarktiske øyer utenfor <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> og det sørlige <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a>) (østlig klippehopperpingvin, <i>E. fiholi</i>)</li></ul></li> <li><i>E. sclateri</i>, <a href="/wiki/Hornpingvin" title="Hornpingvin">hornpingvin</a> (EN)</li> <li><i>E. pachyrhynchus</i>, <a href="/wiki/Skogpingvin" title="Skogpingvin">skogpingvin</a> (VU)</li> <li><i>E. robustus</i>, <a href="/wiki/Snarespingvin" title="Snarespingvin">snarespingvin</a> (VU)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Megadyptes" title="Megadyptes">Megadyptes</a></i> <ul><li><i>M. antipodes</i>, <a href="/wiki/Gul%C3%B8yepingvin" title="Guløyepingvin">guløyepingvin</a> (EN)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eudyptula" title="Eudyptula">Eudyptula</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Sm%C3%A5_pingviner" class="mw-redirect" title="Små pingviner">små pingviner</a> <ul><li><i>E. minor</i>, <a href="/wiki/Dvergpingvin" title="Dvergpingvin">dvergpingvin</a> (LC) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Eudyptula_minor_novaehollandiae" class="mw-redirect" title="Eudyptula minor novaehollandiae">E. m. novaehollandiae</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Sør-Australia</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eudyptula_minor_iredalei" class="mw-redirect" title="Eudyptula minor iredalei">E. m. iredalei</a></i> (nordre <a href="/wiki/Nord%C3%B8ya_(New_Zealand)" title="Nordøya (New Zealand)">Nordøya</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eudyptula_minor_variabilis" class="mw-redirect" title="Eudyptula minor variabilis">E. m. variabilis</a></i> (søndre Nordøya og <a href="/wiki/Cookstredet" class="mw-redirect" title="Cookstredet">Cookstredet</a>, New Zealand)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hvitvingepingvin" title="Hvitvingepingvin">E. m. albosignata</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Hvitvingepingvin" title="Hvitvingepingvin">hvitvingepingvin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bankshalv%C3%B8ya" title="Bankshalvøya">Bankshalvøya</a> og <a href="/wiki/Motunau%C3%B8ya" title="Motunauøya">Motunauøya</a>, New Zealand)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eudyptula_minor_minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Eudyptula minor minor">E. m. minor</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Otago" title="Otago">Otago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southland" title="Southland">Southland</a> og vestkysten av <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8r%C3%B8ya_(New_Zealand)" title="Sørøya (New Zealand)">Sørøya</a>, New Zealand)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eudyptula_minor_chathamensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Eudyptula minor chathamensis">E. m. chathamensis</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Chatham%C3%B8yene" title="Chathamøyene">Chathamøyene</a>, New Zealand)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spheniscus" title="Spheniscus">Spheniscus</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A5ndpingviner" class="mw-redirect" title="Båndpingviner">båndpingviner</a> <ul><li><i>S. demersus</i>, <a href="/wiki/Kappingvin" title="Kappingvin">kappingvin</a> (EN)</li> <li><i>S. magellanicus</i>, <a href="/wiki/Magellanpingvin" title="Magellanpingvin">magellanpingvin</a> (NT)</li> <li><i>S. humboldti</i>, <a href="/wiki/Humboldtpingvin" title="Humboldtpingvin">humboldtpingvin</a> (VU)</li> <li><i>S. mendiculus</i>, <a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagospingvin" class="mw-redirect" title="Galápagospingvin">galápagospingvin</a> (EN)</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stormfugler" title="Stormfugler">Procellariiformes</a>, stormfugler</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <p>Kodene i parentes er artens status på <a href="/wiki/IUCNs_r%C3%B8dliste" title="IUCNs rødliste">IUCNs rødliste</a> (versjon 3.1). De mest trua artene har status som <i>sterkt trua</i> (EN). Deretter følger statusen <i>sårbar</i> (VU), <i>nær truet</i> (NT) og <i>livskraftig</i> (LC). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uavklarte_slekter">Uavklarte slekter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Rediger avsnitt: Uavklarte slekter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&action=edit&section=14" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Uavklarte slekter"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nedenfor er en knippe uavklarte slekter. Alle er utdødd. </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Waimanu" title="Waimanu">Waimanu</a></i> (basal) (†)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perudyptes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perudyptes (ikke skrevet ennå)">Perudyptes</a></i> (†)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Delphinornis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Delphinornis (ikke skrevet ennå)">Delphinornis</a></i> (†)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaeospheniscus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archaeospheniscus (ikke skrevet ennå)">Archaeospheniscus</a></i> (†)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marambiornis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marambiornis (ikke skrevet ennå)">Marambiornis</a></i> (†)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mesetaornis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mesetaornis (ikke skrevet ennå)">Mesetaornis</a></i> (†)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonniornis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tonniornis (ikke skrevet ennå)">Tonniornis</a></i> (†)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wimanornis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wimanornis (ikke skrevet ennå)">Wimanornis</a></i> (†)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duntroonornis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Duntroonornis (ikke skrevet ennå)">Duntroonornis</a></i> (†)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korora_(slekt)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Korora (slekt) (ikke skrevet ennå)">Korora</a></i> (†)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kairuku&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kairuku (ikke skrevet ennå)">Kairuku</a></i> (†)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platydyptes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Platydyptes (ikke skrevet ennå)">Platydyptes</a></i> (†)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrynornis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Madrynornis (ikke skrevet ennå)">Madrynornis</a></i> (†)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pseudaptenodytes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pseudaptenodytes (ikke skrevet ennå)">Pseudaptenodytes</a></i> (†)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dege&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dege (ikke skrevet ennå)">Dege</a></i> (†)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marplesornis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marplesornis (ikke skrevet ennå)">Marplesornis</a></i> (†)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nucleornis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nucleornis (ikke skrevet ennå)">Nucleornis</a></i> (†)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inguza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inguza (ikke skrevet ennå)">Inguza</a></i> (†)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pingviner_i_populærkultur_og_næringsliv"><span id="Pingviner_i_popul.C3.A6rkultur_og_n.C3.A6ringsliv"></span>Pingviner i populærkultur og næringsliv</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Rediger avsnitt: Pingviner i populærkultur og næringsliv" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&action=edit&section=15" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Pingviner i populærkultur og næringsliv"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film">Film</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Rediger avsnitt: Film" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&action=edit&section=16" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Film"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>The Cold-Blooded Penguin</i> er en <a href="/wiki/Disney" class="mw-redirect" title="Disney">Disney</a> animasjonsfilm fra <a href="/wiki/Film%C3%A5ret_1944" title="Filmåret 1944">1944</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Pingwings</i> er navnet på en sort/hvitt-dukkefilm som gikk på britisk fjernsyn på 1960-tallet.</li> <li><i>Mały Pingwin Pik-Pok</i> (Lille Pingvin Pik-Pok) (<a href="/wiki/1989" title="1989">1989</a>) finnes som bok/bøker og tegnefilm på polsk</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pingu" title="Pingu">Pingu</a></i> er navnet på en britisk-sveitsisk animert pingvin og <a href="/wiki/TV-serie" class="mw-redirect" title="TV-serie">TV-serie</a> (<a href="/wiki/TV-%C3%A5ret_1990" title="TV-året 1990">1990</a>–<a href="/wiki/TV-%C3%A5ret_2006" title="TV-året 2006">2006</a>) som gikk på norsk barne-tv</li> <li>I filmen <i><a href="/wiki/Batman_vender_tilbake" title="Batman vender tilbake">Batman vender tilbake</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Film%C3%A5ret_1992" title="Filmåret 1992">1992</a>) spiller <a href="/wiki/Danny_DeVito" title="Danny DeVito">Danny DeVito</a> rollen som den onde <a href="/wiki/Pingvinen_(figur)" title="Pingvinen (figur)">Pingvinen (figur)</a></li> <li>Filmen <i><a href="/wiki/Pingvinen_og_lykkesteinen" title="Pingvinen og lykkesteinen">Pingvinen og lykkesteinen</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Film%C3%A5ret_1995" title="Filmåret 1995">1995</a>)</li> <li>I <a href="/wiki/Film%C3%A5ret_2005" title="Filmåret 2005">2005</a> kom filmen <i><a href="/wiki/Pingvinenes_marsj" title="Pingvinenes marsj">Pingvinenes marsj</a></i> som er en <a href="/wiki/Dokumentar" class="mw-redirect" title="Dokumentar">dokumentarfilm</a> om pingvinenes liv i Antarktis</li> <li>I <a href="/wiki/Film%C3%A5ret_2006" title="Filmåret 2006">2006</a> ble animasjonsfilmen <i><a href="/wiki/Happy_Feet" title="Happy Feet">Happy Feet</a></i>, som handler om pingviner, vist på kino</li> <li><i>Madagaskarpingvinene</i> er både en <a href="/wiki/Madagaskarpingvinene" title="Madagaskarpingvinene">animasjonsfilm</a> fra <a href="/wiki/Film%C3%A5ret_2014" title="Filmåret 2014">2014</a>, og en <a href="/wiki/Madagaskarpingvinene_(TV-serie)" title="Madagaskarpingvinene (TV-serie)">TV-serie</a> på tre sesonger utgitt mellom <a href="/wiki/TV-%C3%A5ret_2008" title="TV-året 2008">2008</a> og <a href="/wiki/TV-%C3%A5ret_2015" title="TV-året 2015">2015</a></li> <li><i>The Penguin</i> dramaserie fra <a href="/wiki/TV-%C3%A5ret_2024" title="TV-året 2024">2024</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maskot">Maskot</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Rediger avsnitt: Maskot" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&action=edit&section=17" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Maskot"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Sir <a href="/wiki/Nils_Olav" title="Nils Olav">Nils Olav</a> er en adlet <a href="/wiki/Kongepingvin" title="Kongepingvin">kongepingvin</a>, æresgeneralmajor og maskot i <a href="/wiki/Hans_Majestet_Kongens_Garde" title="Hans Majestet Kongens Garde">Hans Majestet Kongens Garde</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Musikk">Musikk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Rediger avsnitt: Musikk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&action=edit&section=18" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Musikk"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Penguin Cafe Orchestra var en britisk band som var aktivt i perioden 1972-1997<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Penguin Cafe er et britisk band som startet opp i 2009<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Næringsliv"><span id="N.C3.A6ringsliv"></span>Næringsliv</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Rediger avsnitt: Næringsliv" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&action=edit&section=19" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Næringsliv"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Pingvin Salt Pastiller er et velkjent <a href="/wiki/Lakris" title="Lakris">lakris</a>-produkt fra den <a href="/wiki/Danmark" title="Danmark">danske</a> <a href="/wiki/Toms_Gruppen" class="mw-redirect" title="Toms Gruppen">Toms Gruppen</a></li> <li>Pingui er en variant av <a href="/wiki/Kinder" class="mw-redirect" title="Kinder">Kinder</a>-sjokolade fra den italienske produsenten <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferraro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferraro (ikke skrevet ennå)">Ferraro</a></li> <li>Penguin (biscuit) er en kjekssjokolade</li> <li>Penguin er en britisk sjokolade<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> har pingvinen <a href="/wiki/Tux" title="Tux">Tux</a> som sin logo</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jotun_(konsern)" title="Jotun (konsern)">Jotun-konsernet</a> har en pingvin i sin logo</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Det_Akademiske_Kvarter" title="Det Akademiske Kvarter">Det Akademiske Kvarter</a> i <a href="/wiki/Bergen" title="Bergen">Bergen</a> har tre pingviner i sin logo</li> <li>Pingvin klima AS er en klimaentreprenør i Oslo med en pingvin i logoen<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Danske bank delte ut pingvin-sparebøsser inspirert av Pingvinen Pondus<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Penguin Coin er en type kryptovaluta<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Restauranter,_spisesteder_og_barer"><span id="Restauranter.2C_spisesteder_og_barer"></span>Restauranter, spisesteder og barer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Rediger avsnitt: Restauranter, spisesteder og barer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&action=edit&section=20" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Restauranter, spisesteder og barer"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Pingvinen er en restaurant i Bergen<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Penguin Pub ligger i Les Deux Alpes i Frankrike<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Penguin Bar ligger i <a href="/wiki/Bilbao" title="Bilbao">Bilbao</a><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Penguin Arms er en gastropub på New Zealand<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Penguins Ice Cream Igloo er et iskremutsalg i USA<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Russels Nauti Penguin er en restaurant på New Zealand <sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overnattingsbedrifter">Overnattingsbedrifter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Rediger avsnitt: Overnattingsbedrifter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&action=edit&section=21" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Overnattingsbedrifter"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Pingvinhotellet er pasienthotell i Tromsø for universitetssykehuset i Nord-Norge<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Penguin Hotel ligger i <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> i USA<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Penguin Hotel ligger på Miami Beach i <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Le Penguin Hostel er et ungdomsherberge i Faro i Algarve i Portugal<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verksteder">Verksteder</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Rediger avsnitt: Verksteder" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&action=edit&section=22" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Verksteder"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Penguin Motors Ltd er et bilverksted nord for London<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Undervisningsbedrifter">Undervisningsbedrifter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Rediger avsnitt: Undervisningsbedrifter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&action=edit&section=23" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Undervisningsbedrifter"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Penguin Roadracing School er en kjøreskole og klubb for motorsyklister<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Forlag">Forlag</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Rediger avsnitt: Forlag" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&action=edit&section=24" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Forlag"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Books</a> er et britisk forlag</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penguin_Random_House" title="Penguin Random House">Penguin Random House</a> er et amerikansk forlag</li> <li>Penguin Classic's er et forlag som utgir klassisk litteratur<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Data-_og_videospill">Data- og videospill</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Rediger avsnitt: Data- og videospill" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&action=edit&section=25" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Data- og videospill"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Penguin Diner <sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Club Pingvin var et dataspill i perioden 2005–2017</li> <li>Club Penguin Island</li> <li>Faast penguin er et dataspill <sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Penguin's Road er et dataspill <sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organisasjoner">Organisasjoner</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Rediger avsnitt: Organisasjoner" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&action=edit&section=26" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Organisasjoner"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Penguin Club i Oslo var en jazzklubb som eksisterte 1955–1973<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Pingvin Club er en norsk facebookgruppe<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Pingvin sportsdykkerklubb i Trondheim<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Pingvin stupeklubb i Sola kommune<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Militært"><span id="Milit.C3.A6rt"></span>Militært</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Rediger avsnitt: Militært" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&action=edit&section=27" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Militært"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Et tysk krigskip (1939–1941) het <a href="/wiki/%C2%ABPinguin%C2%BB_(1939)" title="«Pinguin» (1939)">«Pinguin»</a></li> <li>Et norskutviklet sjømålsmissil kalles <a href="/wiki/Penguin" title="Penguin">Penguin</a> – <i>Pingvinraketter</i> på norsk</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Litteratur">Litteratur</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Rediger avsnitt: Litteratur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&action=edit&section=28" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Litteratur"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mr._Popper%27s_Penguins" class="mw-redirect" title="Mr. Popper's Penguins">Mr. Popper's Penguins</a></i> er en britisk barnebok fra 1938</li> <li><i>Ole Brum og Herr Pingvin</i><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Pingvinen Pondus</i> som bor i Köbenhavn Zoo er hovedperson og første bok i en dansk barnebilledbokserie av Ivar Myrhøj (<a href="/wiki/Litteratur%C3%A5ret_1973" title="Litteraturåret 1973">1973</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Mały Pingwin Pik-Pok</i> (Lille Pingvin Pik-Pok) (<a href="/wiki/Litteratur%C3%A5ret_1989" title="Litteraturåret 1989">1989</a>) finnes som bok/bøker og tegnefilm på polsk<sup id="cite_ref-:0_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pingvinvitser_og_gåter"><span id="Pingvinvitser_og_g.C3.A5ter"></span>Pingvinvitser og gåter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Rediger avsnitt: Pingvinvitser og gåter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&action=edit&section=29" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Pingvinvitser og gåter"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The Top 10 Best Penguin Bar Jokes<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Scotsmans pingvingåter<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&action=edit&section=30" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Martínez_&_Bonan_(2017)-1"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-Martínez_&_Bonan_(2017)_1-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Martínez_&_Bonan_(2017)_1-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Martínez_&_Bonan_(2017)_1-2"><sup>c</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Martínez_&_Bonan_(2017)_1-3"><sup>d</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Martínez_&_Bonan_(2017)_1-4"><sup>e</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Martínez_&_Bonan_(2017)_1-5"><sup>f</sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Martínez, I. & Bonan, A. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hbw.com/node/52190">Penguins (Spheniscidae)</a>. In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/Handbook_of_the_Birds_of_the_World_Alive" class="mw-redirect" title="Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive">Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive</a></i>. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iucnredlist.org">IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.1.</a> Besøkt 2012-07-31</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Baker_mfl-3"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-Baker_mfl_3-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Baker_mfl_3-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Baker_mfl_3-2"><sup>c</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Baker_mfl_3-3"><sup>d</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Baker_mfl_3-4"><sup>e</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1560011/">A.J.Baker, S.L.Pereira, O.P.Haddrath and K.A.Edge. 2006. Multiple gene evidence for expansion of extant penguins out of Antarctica due to global cooling. Proc Biol Sci. vol. 273, issue 1582, pp. 11–17</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Slack-4"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-Slack_4-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Slack_4-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Slack_4-2"><sup>c</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Slack_4-3"><sup>d</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Slack_4-4"><sup>e</sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Slack, K.E., Jones, C.M., Ando, T., Harrison G.L., Fordyce R.E., Arnason, U. and Penny, D. (2006). "Early Penguin Fossils, plus Mitochondrial Genomes, Calibrate Avian Evolution." <i>Molecular Biology and Evolution</i>, <b>23</b>(6): 1144-1155. <a href="/wiki/Digital_objektidentifikator" title="Digital objektidentifikator">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msj124">10.1093/molbev/msj124</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/23/6/1144">PDF fulltext</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/msj124/DC1">Supplementary Material</a>. Besøkt 2012-08-03</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hogan-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hogan_5-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eoearth.org/article/Chinstrap_penguin?topic=49540">C Michael Hogan (Lead Author);Peter Saundry (Topic Editor) <i>Chinstrap penguin</i>. In: Encyclopedia of Earth. Eds. Cutler J. Cleveland (Washington, D.C.: Environmental Information Coalition, National Council for Science and the Environment). [First published in the Encyclopedia of Earth July 27, 2010; Last revised Date October 29, 2011.</a> Besøkt 2012-07-19</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ksepka-6"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-Ksepka_6-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ksepka_6-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Ksepka, D. T. and Ando, T. (2011) Penguins Past, Present, and Future: Trends in the Evolution of the Sphenisciformes, in Living Dinosaurs: The Evolutionary History of Modern Birds (eds G. Dyke and G. Kaiser), John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK. doi: 10.1002/9781119990475.ch6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jobling_(2017)-7"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jobling_(2017)_7-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Jobling, J. A. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hbw.com/node/349782">Key to Scientific Names in Ornithology</a>. In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.) (2017). <i><a href="/wiki/Handbook_of_the_Birds_of_the_World_Alive" class="mw-redirect" title="Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive">Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive</a></i>. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IUCNRedlist-8"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IUCNRedlist_8-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/106003857/0">BirdLife International 2012. <i>Eudyptes chrysolophus</i>. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.1.</a> Besøkt 2012-07-21</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.birdlife.org/news/news/2004/12/yellow-eyed_penguin.html">BirdLife International. 2004. <i>Mystery illness threatens world's rarest penguin</i>.</a> Besøkt 2012-07-31</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.mongabay.com/2008/1119-hance_penguin.html">Jeremy Hance. 2008. <i>Studying world's rarest penguin leads to the discovery of a new species</i>. mongabay.com.</a> Besøkt 2012-07-31</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livescience.com/14117-penguin-diving-feat-oxygen-trick.html">Jennifer Welsh. 2011. <i>Penguins' Oxygen Trick: How They Survive Deep Dives</i>. LiveScience.</a> Besøkt 2012-07-08</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livescience.com/1167-scientists-puzzled-extreme-penguin-dives.html">Andrea Thompson. 2006. <i>Scientists Puzzled by Extreme Penguin Dives</i>. LiveScience.</a> Besøkt 2012-07-08</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jarvis_''et_al.''_(2014)-13"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jarvis_''et_al.''_(2014)_13-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Jarvis, E. D., Mirarab, S., Aberer, A. J., Li, B., Houde, P., Li, C., ... & Zhang, G. (2014). Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds. <i>Science</i>, <b>346</b>(6215), 1320-1331. DOI: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1253451">https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1253451</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WoRMS-14"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-WoRMS_14-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WoRMS_14-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text">WoRMS (2012). Spheniscidae. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=196034">http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=196034</a> on 2012-07-09</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jouventin_''et_al.''_(2006)-15"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jouventin_''et_al.''_(2006)_15-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Jouventin, P.; Cuthbert, R.J.; Ottvall, R. 2006. Genetic isolation and divergence in sexual traits: evidence for the Northern Rockhopper Penguin Eudyptes moseleyi being a sibling species. Molecular Ecology 15(11): 3413-3423.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BirdLife-16"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BirdLife_16-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/160032304/0">BirdLife International 2012. <i>Eudyptes moseleyi</i>. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.1.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tasker-17"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-Tasker_17-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tasker_17-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Tasker, M. (2010).<i> Eudyptes moseleyi</i>. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=405087">http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=405087</a> on 2012-07-09</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Roberts, Bill (3. februar 1945). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0243827/">«The Cold-Blooded Penguin»</a>. Walt Disney Productions<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 24. november 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APingviner&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.btitle=The+Cold-Blooded+Penguin&rft.date=1945-02-03&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Walt+Disney+Productions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt0243827%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Farrell, Colin; Milioti, Cristin; Feliz, Rhenzy (19. september 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt15435876/">«The Penguin»</a>. 6th & Idaho Productions, Chapel Place Productions, DC Entertainment<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 24. november 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APingviner&rft.au=Feliz%2C+Rhenzy&rft.au=Milioti%2C+Cristin&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft.aulast=Farrell&rft.btitle=The+Penguin&rft.date=2024-09-19&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=6th+%26+Idaho+Productions%2C+Chapel+Place+Productions%2C+DC+Entertainment&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt15435876%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin_Cafe_Orchestra">«Penguin Cafe Orchestra»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 30. november 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APingviner&rft.btitle=Penguin+Cafe+Orchestra&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPenguin_Cafe_Orchestra&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin_Cafe">«Penguin Cafe»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 30. november 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APingviner&rft.btitle=Penguin+Cafe&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPenguin_Cafe&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mcvities.co.uk/products/penguin">«Penguin»</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APingviner&rft.btitle=Penguin&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmcvities.co.uk%2Fproducts%2Fpenguin&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pingvinklima.no/">«Pingvin Klima»</a>. <i>Pingvin Klima</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 21. november 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APingviner&rft.atitle=Pingvin+Klima&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pingvin+Klima&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pingvinklima.no%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://danskebank.dk/privat/news/pondus">«Historien om Pondus»</a>. <i>danskebank.dk</i> (på dansk)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 24. november 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APingviner&rft.atitle=Historien+om+Pondus&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=danskebank.dk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdanskebank.dk%2Fprivat%2Fnews%2Fpondus&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/penguin-finance/">«Penguin Finance price today, PEFI to USD live price, marketcap and chart»</a>. <i>CoinMarketCap</i> (på engelsk)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 24. november 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APingviner&rft.atitle=Penguin+Finance+price+today%2C+PEFI+to+USD+live+price%2C+marketcap+and+chart&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CoinMarketCap&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcoinmarketcap.com%2Fcurrencies%2Fpenguin-finance%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pingvinen.no/">«pingvinen.no – Norsk kjøkken midt i Bergen sentrum»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 20. november 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APingviner&rft.btitle=pingvinen.no+%E2%80%93+Norsk+kj%C3%B8kken+midt+i+Bergen+sentrum&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pingvinen.no%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.instagram.com/thepenguinpubl2a/">«Instagram»</a>. <i>www.instagram.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 29. november 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APingviner&rft.atitle=Instagram&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.instagram.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.instagram.com%2Fthepenguinpubl2a%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/people/Penguin-Bar-Bilbao/100063764101970/">«Penguin Bar Bilbao»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 29. november 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APingviner&rft.btitle=Penguin+Bar+Bilbao&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fpeople%2FPenguin-Bar-Bilbao%2F100063764101970%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/penguinarms/">«The Penguin Arms»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 29. november 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APingviner&rft.btitle=The+Penguin+Arms&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fpenguinarms%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/penguinsicecreamigloo/?_rdr">«Penguins Ice Cream Igloo»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 30. november 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APingviner&rft.btitle=Penguins+Ice+Cream+Igloo&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fpenguinsicecreamigloo%2F%3F_rdr&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tipsyoysterandco.nz/nauti-penguin-russell/">«Russell's Nauti Penguin»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 30. november 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APingviner&rft.btitle=Russell%27s+Nauti+Penguin&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftipsyoysterandco.nz%2Fnauti-penguin-russell%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pingvinhotellet.no/">«Velkommen til Pingvinhotellet UNN Tromsø – Et pasienthotell i UNN»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 20. november 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APingviner&rft.btitle=Velkommen+til+Pingvinhotellet+UNN+Troms%C3%B8+%E2%80%93+Et+pasienthotell+i+UNN&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pingvinhotellet.no%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thepenguintavern.com/">«The Penguin Hotel»</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APingviner&rft.btitle=The+Penguin+Hotel&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thepenguintavern.com%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.penguinhotel.com/">«Penguin Hotel»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 29. november 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APingviner&rft.btitle=Penguin+Hotel&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.penguinhotel.com%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://le-penguin-hostel.hotels-in-algarve.com/en/">«Hostel Le Penguin Faro, Portugal - book now, 2024 prices»</a>. <i>le-penguin-hostel.hotels-in-algarve.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 30. november 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APingviner&rft.atitle=Hostel+Le+Penguin+Faro%2C+Portugal+-+book+now%2C+2024+prices&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=le-penguin-hostel.hotels-in-algarve.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fle-penguin-hostel.hotels-in-algarve.com%2Fen%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.penguinmotors.co.uk/">«Penguin Motors Ltd»</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APingviner&rft.btitle=Penguin+Motors+Ltd&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.penguinmotors.co.uk%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.penguinracing.com/">«Penguin Riding School»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 30. november 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APingviner&rft.btitle=Penguin+Riding+School&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.penguinracing.com%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penguinclassics.com/">«Penguin Classics»</a>. <i>penguinclassics.com</i> (på engelsk)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 24. november 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APingviner&rft.atitle=Penguin+Classics&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=penguinclassics.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpenguinclassics.com%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.crazygames.com/game/penguin-diner">«Penguin Diner»</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APingviner&rft.btitle=Penguin+Diner&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.crazygames.com%2Fgame%2Fpenguin-diner&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://faaast-penguin.com/en/">«Faaast Penguin»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 24. november 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APingviner&rft.btitle=Faaast+Penguin&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffaaast-penguin.com%2Fen%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xbox.com/en-US/games/store/penguins-road/9mxhqf8d20nr">«Penguins Road»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 30. november 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APingviner&rft.btitle=Penguins+Road&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.xbox.com%2Fen-US%2Fgames%2Fstore%2Fpenguins-road%2F9mxhqf8d20nr&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oslobyleksikon.no/side/Penguin_Club">«Penguin Club – Oslo byleksikon»</a>. <i>oslobyleksikon.no</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 21. november 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APingviner&rft.atitle=Penguin+Club+%E2%80%93+Oslo+byleksikon&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oslobyleksikon.no&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foslobyleksikon.no%2Fside%2FPenguin_Club&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/p/Pingvin-Club-100063567663019/">«Pingvin Club»</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APingviner&rft.btitle=Pingvin+Club&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fp%2FPingvin-Club-100063567663019%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pingvindykk.no/?page_id=119">«Klubbens historie – Pingvin Sportsdykkerklubb»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 21. november 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APingviner&rft.btitle=Klubbens+historie+%E2%80%93+Pingvin+Sportsdykkerklubb&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pingvindykk.no%2F%3Fpage_id%3D119&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stuping.no/">«stuping.no»</a>. <i>stuping.no</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 21. november 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APingviner&rft.atitle=stuping.no&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=stuping.no&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstuping.no%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Nielsen, Atle. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bok365.no/artikkel/nittiaring-med-ny-venn/ole-brumm-og-herr-pingvin/">«ole-brumm-og-herr-pingvin»</a>. <i>BOK365.no</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 24. november 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APingviner&rft.atitle=ole-brumm-og-herr-pingvin&rft.aufirst=Atle&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BOK365.no&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbok365.no%2Fartikkel%2Fnittiaring-med-ny-venn%2Fole-brumm-og-herr-pingvin%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bookis.com/no/books/ivar-myrhoj-pingvinen-pondus-fortalt-og-fotografert-av-ivar-myrhoj-1973"><i>Pingvinen Pondus Fortalt og fotografert av Ivar Myrhøj på Bookis.com</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APingviner&rft.btitle=Pingvinen+Pondus+Fortalt+og+fotografert+av+Ivar+Myrh%C3%B8j+p%C3%A5+Bookis.com&rft.genre=book&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbookis.com%2Fno%2Fbooks%2Fivar-myrhoj-pingvinen-pondus-fortalt-og-fotografert-av-ivar-myrhoj-1973&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-48"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_48-0">^</a></b> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="nb" dir="ltr">Siteringsfeil: Ugyldig <code><ref></code>-tagg; ingen tekst ble oppgitt for referansen ved navn <code>:0</code></span></li> <li id="cite_note-49"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.98fm.com/lifestyle/the-top-10-best-penguin-bar-jokes-1719269">«The Top 10 Best Penguin Bar Jokes»</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APingviner&rft.btitle=The+Top+10+Best+Penguin+Bar+Jokes&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.98fm.com%2Flifestyle%2Fthe-top-10-best-penguin-bar-jokes-1719269&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scotsman.com/news/people/national-biscuit-day-here-are-10-glorious-and-cringeworthy-jokes-found-on-the-back-of-penguin-biscuits-3255219">«Penguin Jokes»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 29. november 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APingviner&rft.btitle=Penguin+Jokes&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scotsman.com%2Fnews%2Fpeople%2Fnational-biscuit-day-here-are-10-glorious-and-cringeworthy-jokes-found-on-the-back-of-penguin-biscuits-3255219&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Andre_kilder">Andre kilder</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&veaction=edit&section=31" title="Rediger avsnitt: Andre kilder" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&action=edit&section=31" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Andre kilder"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Sphenisciformes.html">Howard, L. 2003. <b>Sphenisciformes</b> (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed March 06, 2007</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_lenker">Eksterne lenker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&veaction=edit&section=32" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksterne lenker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&action=edit&section=32" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksterne lenker"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=196034"><i>pingviner</i></a> – oversikt og omtale av artene i <a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WORMS-databasen</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p850"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9147?uselang=nb#P850" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/7986"><i>pingviner</i></a> i <a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">Encyclopedia of Life</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p830"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9147?uselang=nb#P830" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/5284"><i>pingviner</i></a> i <a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">Global Biodiversity Information Facility</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p846"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9147?uselang=nb#P846" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="norsk">(no)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://artsdatabanken.no/Taxon/_/128033"><i>pingviner</i></a> hos <a href="/wiki/Artsdatabanken" title="Artsdatabanken">Artsdatabanken</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p8707"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9147?uselang=nb#P8707" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/0/http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=39710"><i>pingviner</i></a> hos Fossilworks <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p842"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9147?uselang=nb#P842" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=174443"><i>pingviner</i></a> hos <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p815"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9147?uselang=nb#P815" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=9231"><i>pingviner</i></a> hos NCBI <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p685"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9147?uselang=nb#P685" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Spheniscidae" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Spheniscidae"><i>Kategori:Spheniscidae</i></a> – bilder, video eller lyd på <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p373"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9147?uselang=nb#P373" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Spheniscidae" class="extiw" title="commons:Spheniscidae"><i>Spheniscidae</i></a> – galleri av bilder, video eller lyd på <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p935"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9147?uselang=nb#P935" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Spheniscidae" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Spheniscidae"><i>Spheniscidae</i></a> – detaljert informasjon på <a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_slspecieswiki"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9147?uselang=nb#SLspecieswiki" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23230704">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24561737">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pingvinarter" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23230704"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24561741">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-vis"><a href="/wiki/Mal:Pingviner" title="Mal:Pingviner"><abbr title="Vis denne malen">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-diskuter"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maldiskusjon:Pingviner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maldiskusjon:Pingviner (ikke skrevet ennå)"><abbr title="Diskuter denne malen">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-rediger"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Rediger_side/Mal:Pingviner" title="Spesial:Rediger side/Mal:Pingviner"><abbr title="Rediger denne malen">r</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pingvinarter" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pingvinarter</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Adeliepingvin" title="Adeliepingvin">Adeliepingvin</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B8ylepingvin" title="Bøylepingvin">Bøylepingvin</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dvergpingvin" title="Dvergpingvin">Dvergpingvin</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Galapagospingvin" title="Galapagospingvin">Galápagospingvin</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gulltoppingvin" title="Gulltoppingvin">Gulltoppingvin</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gul%C3%B8yepingvin" title="Guløyepingvin">Guløyepingvin</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Hornpingvin" title="Hornpingvin">Hornpingvin</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Humboldtpingvin" title="Humboldtpingvin">Humboldtpingvin</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Hvitkinnpingvin" title="Hvitkinnpingvin">Hvitkinnpingvin</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kappingvin" title="Kappingvin">Kappingvin</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Keiserpingvin" title="Keiserpingvin">Keiserpingvin</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kongepingvin" title="Kongepingvin">Kongepingvin</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Magellanpingvin" title="Magellanpingvin">Magellanpingvin</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Nordlig_klippehopperpingvin" class="mw-redirect" title="Nordlig klippehopperpingvin">Nordlig klippehopperpingvin</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ringpingvin" title="Ringpingvin">Ringpingvin</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Skogpingvin" title="Skogpingvin">Skogpingvin</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Snarespingvin" title="Snarespingvin">Snarespingvin</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8rlig_klippehopperpingvin" class="mw-redirect" title="Sørlig klippehopperpingvin">Sørlig klippehopperpingvin</a></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Penguins_Edinburgh_Zoo_2004_SMC.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kongepingviner"><img alt="Kongepingviner" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Penguins_Edinburgh_Zoo_2004_SMC.jpg/50px-Penguins_Edinburgh_Zoo_2004_SMC.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Penguins_Edinburgh_Zoo_2004_SMC.jpg/75px-Penguins_Edinburgh_Zoo_2004_SMC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Penguins_Edinburgh_Zoo_2004_SMC.jpg/100px-Penguins_Edinburgh_Zoo_2004_SMC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="864" data-file-height="1075" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23230704"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r24561737"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Oppslagsverk/autoritetsdata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Oppslagsverk/autoritetsdata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Autoritetsdata" title="Hjelp:Autoritetsdata">Oppslagsverk/autoritetsdata</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snl.no/pingviner">Store norske leksikon</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://denstoredanske.lex.dk/pingviner">Store Danske Encyklopædi</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/manchot/">Encyclopædia Universalis</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4174708-2">GND</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85099397">LCCN</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb122514334">BNF</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb122514334">BNF (data)</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph325848">NKC</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/things/0f4a7c91-2b43-4e36-a902-fdb5d1525419">BBC Things</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Hentet fra «<a dir="ltr" href="https://no.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&oldid=24829353">https://no.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&oldid=24829353</a>»</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Kategorier" title="Kategori:Kategorier">Kategorier</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pingviner" title="Kategori:Pingviner">Pingviner</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Fugler_formelt_beskrevet_i_1891" title="Kategori:Fugler formelt beskrevet i 1891">Fugler formelt beskrevet i 1891</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Dyr_formelt_beskrevet_av_Richard_Bowdler_Sharpe" title="Kategori:Dyr formelt beskrevet av Richard Bowdler Sharpe">Dyr formelt beskrevet av Richard Bowdler Sharpe</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Skjulte kategorier: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Sider_med_feil_i_referanser" title="Kategori:Sider med feil i referanser">Sider med feil i referanser</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikler_med_artslenker_fra_Wikidata" title="Kategori:Artikler med artslenker fra Wikidata">Artikler med artslenker fra Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikler_med_autoritetsdatalenker_fra_Wikidata" title="Kategori:Artikler med autoritetsdatalenker fra Wikidata">Artikler med autoritetsdatalenker fra Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikler_i_Antarktis-prosjektet" title="Kategori:Artikler i Antarktis-prosjektet">Artikler i Antarktis-prosjektet</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Denne siden ble sist redigert 30. nov. 2024 kl. 19:08.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Innholdet er tilgjengelig under <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.no">Creative Commons-lisensen Navngivelse-DelPåSammeVilkår</a>, men ytterligere betingelser kan gjelde. Se <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">bruksvilkårene</a> for detaljer.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Personvern</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Om">Om Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Generelle_forbehold">Forbehold</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Atferdsnorm</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Utviklere</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/no.wikipedia.org">Statistikk</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Erklæring om informasjonskapsler</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//no.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pingviner&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobilvisning</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-lx7fx","wgBackendResponseTime":166,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.668","walltime":"0.804","ppvisitednodes":{"value":5444,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":71839,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":5589,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":15,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":15,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":59357,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":16,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 663.135 1 -total"," 22.79% 151.100 31 Mal:Kilde_www"," 17.75% 117.693 1 Mal:Autoritetsdata"," 17.30% 114.699 2 Mal:Navboks"," 16.71% 110.810 2 Mal:Navbox"," 13.46% 89.228 1 Mal:Pingviner"," 13.25% 87.835 1 Mal:Taksoboks"," 12.47% 82.660 1 Mal:Taksoboks/kjernekode"," 12.10% 80.227 1 Mal:Artslenker"," 5.83% 38.645 1 Mal:Taksoboks-gruppe"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.363","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6992972,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.codfw.main-74f675c4bb-vtltr","timestamp":"20241130180801","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Pingviner","url":"https:\/\/no.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pingviner","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q9147","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q9147","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Bidragsytere til Wikimedia-prosjektene"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-03-22T11:45:09Z","dateModified":"2024-11-30T18:08:01Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/0\/07\/Emperor_Penguin_Manchot_empereur.jpg","headline":"orden av sj\u00f8fugler"}</script> </body> </html>