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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prehistory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prehistory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Prehistory </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prehistory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancient_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Ancient history </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roman_period_and_early_Byzantine_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roman_period_and_early_Byzantine_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Roman period and early Byzantine period </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roman_period_and_early_Byzantine_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medieval_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medieval_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Medieval history </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medieval_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ottoman_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ottoman_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Ottoman rule </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ottoman_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Modern history </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regions_and_local_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regions_and_local_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Regions and local government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regions_and_local_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy_and_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy_and_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Economy and transport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy_and_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Tourism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Macedonian_cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Macedonian_cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Macedonian cuisine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Macedonian_cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Macedonian_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Macedonian_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Macedonian music </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Macedonian_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Demographic_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographic_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Demographic history </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographic_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regional_identity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regional_identity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Regional identity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regional_identity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages_and_minorities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages_and_minorities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Languages and minorities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages_and_minorities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ethnic_Macedonian_minority_and_language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnic_Macedonian_minority_and_language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3.1 Ethnic Macedonian minority and language </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnic_Macedonian_minority_and_language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jews_of_Thessaloniki_and_other_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jews_of_Thessaloniki_and_other_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3.2 Jews of Thessaloniki and other cities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jews_of_Thessaloniki_and_other_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Macedonia (Greece)</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 74 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-74" aria-hidden="true" > 74 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masedoni%C3%AB_(Griekeland)" title="Masedonië (Griekeland) – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Masedonië (Griekeland)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makedonien_(Griechenland)" title="Makedonien (Griechenland) – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Makedonien (Griechenland)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7_(%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="مقدونيا (اليونان) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مقدونيا (اليونان)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machedonia_G%C3%A3rtseasc%C3%A3" title="Machedonia Gãrtseascã – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Machedonia Gãrtseascã" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macedonia_(Grecia)" title="Macedonia (Grecia) – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Macedonia (Grecia)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunan%C4%B1stan_Makedoniyas%C4%B1" title="Yunanıstan Makedoniyası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yunanıstan Makedoniyası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Македония (Греция) – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Македония (Греция)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F_(%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F)" title="Македонія (Грэцыя) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Македонія (Грэцыя)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F_(%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F)" title="Македонія (Грэцыя) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Македонія (Грэцыя)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Егейска Македония – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Егейска Македония" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makedonija_(Gr%C4%8Dka)" title="Makedonija (Grčka) – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Makedonija (Grčka)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makedonia_(Gres)" title="Makedonia (Gres) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Makedonia (Gres)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maced%C3%B2nia_(Gr%C3%A8cia)" title="Macedònia (Grècia) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Macedònia (Grècia)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makedonie_(%C5%98ecko)" title="Makedonie (Řecko) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Makedonie (Řecko)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macedonia_(Gwlad_Groeg)" title="Macedonia (Gwlad Groeg) – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Macedonia (Gwlad Groeg)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makedonien_(gr%C3%A6sk_region)" title="Makedonien (græsk region) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Makedonien (græsk region)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makedonien_(geographische_Region)" title="Makedonien (geographische Region) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Makedonien (geographische Region)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makedoonia_(Kreeka_geograafiline_piirkond)" title="Makedoonia (Kreeka geograafiline piirkond) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Makedoonia (Kreeka geograafiline piirkond)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B5%CE%B4%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1_(%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%B1)" title="Μακεδονία (ελληνικό διαμέρισμα) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μακεδονία (ελληνικό διαμέρισμα)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macedonia_(Grecia)" title="Macedonia (Grecia) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Macedonia (Grecia)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makedonio_(Grekio)" title="Makedonio (Grekio) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Makedonio (Grekio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazedonia_(Grezia)" title="Mazedonia (Grezia) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mazedonia (Grezia)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%87_(%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="مقدونیه (یونان) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مقدونیه (یونان)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac%C3%A9doine_(Gr%C3%A8ce)" title="Macédoine (Grèce) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Macédoine (Grèce)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masedoanje_(Grikel%C3%A2n)" title="Masedoanje (Grikelân) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Masedoanje (Grikelân)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Mhacad%C3%B3in_Ghr%C3%A9agach" title="An Mhacadóin Ghréagach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Mhacadóin Ghréagach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macedonia,_Grecia" title="Macedonia, Grecia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Macedonia, Grecia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EC%BC%80%EB%8F%84%EB%8B%88%EC%95%84_(%EA%B7%B8%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4)" title="마케도니아 (그리스) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마케도니아 (그리스)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%A4%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A1_(%D5%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6)" title="Մակեդոնիա (Հունաստան) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մակեդոնիա (Հունաստան)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egejska_Makedonija" title="Egejska Makedonija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Egejska Makedonija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makedonia_(Yunani)" title="Makedonia (Yunani) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Makedonia (Yunani)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macedonia_(Grecia)" title="Macedonia (Grecia) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Macedonia (Grecia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="מקדוניה היוונית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מקדוניה היוונית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%90_(%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AB%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98)" title="მაკედონია (საბერძნეთი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მაკედონია (საბერძნეთი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macedonia_Graeca" title="Macedonia Graeca – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Macedonia Graeca" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C4%B7edonija_(Grie%C4%B7ija)" title="Maķedonija (Grieķija) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Maķedonija (Grieķija)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makedonien_(Griicheland)" title="Makedonien (Griicheland) – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Makedonien (Griicheland)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makedonija_(Graikija)" title="Makedonija (Graikija) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Makedonija (Graikija)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Егејска Македонија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Егејска Македонија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maked%C3%B4nia_(Gresy)" title="Makedônia (Gresy) – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Makedônia (Gresy)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%90_(%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AB%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98)" title="მაკედონია (საბერძნეთი) – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მაკედონია (საბერძნეთი)" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makedonia,_Yunani" title="Makedonia, Yunani – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Makedonia, Yunani" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macedoni%C3%AB_(Griekenland)" title="Macedonië (Griekenland) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Macedonië (Griekenland)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B1%E3%83%89%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2_(%E3%82%AE%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3)" title="マケドニア (ギリシャ) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マケドニア (ギリシャ)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makedonia_(Hellas)" title="Makedonia (Hellas) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Makedonia (Hellas)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gresk_Makedonia" title="Gresk Makedonia – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Gresk Makedonia" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maced%C3%B2nia_(Gr%C3%A8cia)" title="Macedònia (Grècia) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Macedònia (Grècia)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7_(%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="مقدونیا (یونان) – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مقدونیا (یونان)" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makedonien_(greeksche_Region)" title="Makedonien (greeksche Region) – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Makedonien (greeksche Region)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macedonia_(Grecja)" title="Macedonia (Grecja) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Macedonia (Grecja)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B5%CE%B4%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Μακεδονία – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Μακεδονία" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ποντιακά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maced%C3%B3nia_(Gr%C3%A9cia)" title="Macedónia (Grécia) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Macedónia (Grécia)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macedonia_(Grecia)" title="Macedonia (Grecia) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Macedonia (Grecia)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Македония (Греция) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Македония (Греция)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maqedonia_e_Egjeut" title="Maqedonia e Egjeut – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Maqedonia e Egjeut" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macidonia_(Grecia)" title="Macidonia (Grecia) – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Macidonia (Grecia)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macedonia_(Greece)" title="Macedonia (Greece) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Macedonia (Greece)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maked%C3%B3nia_(modern%C3%A9_Gr%C3%A9cko)" title="Makedónia (moderné Grécko) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Makedónia (moderné Grécko)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_(%D0%93%D1%80%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Македонија (Грчка) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Македонија (Грчка)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makedonija_(Gr%C4%8Dka)" title="Makedonija (Grčka) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Makedonija (Grčka)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makedonia_(Kreikka)" title="Makedonia (Kreikka) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Makedonia (Kreikka)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makedonien_(region_i_Grekland)" title="Makedonien (region i Grekland) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Makedonien (region i Grekland)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2_(%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%8B)" title="มาซิโดเนีย (กรีซ) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มาซิโดเนีย (กรีซ)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makedonya_(Yunanistan)" title="Makedonya (Yunanistan) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Makedonya (Yunanistan)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F_(%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Македонія (Греція) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Македонія (Греція)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%81_(%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="مقدونیہ (یونان) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مقدونیہ (یونان)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grekanman_Makedonii" title="Grekanman Makedonii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Grekanman Makedonii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makedon%C3%ADa" title="Makedonía – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Makedonía" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macedonia,_Gresya" title="Macedonia, Gresya – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Macedonia, Gresya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A1%BF%EF%BC%88%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%EF%BC%89" title="马其顿（希腊） – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="马其顿（希腊）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A0%93%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="馬其頓尼亞 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="馬其頓尼亞" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makedonya_(Yunan%C4%B1stan)" title="Makedonya (Yunanıstan) – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Makedonya (Yunanıstan)" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makeduon%C4%97j%C4%97_(Graik%C4%97j%C4%97)" title="Makeduonėjė (Graikėjė) – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Makeduonėjė (Graikėjė)" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A1%BF_(%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A)" title="马其顿 (希腊) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="马其顿 (希腊)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q81734#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(Greece)" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li 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For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Macedonia (disambiguation)">Macedonia</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Traditional region of Greece</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Macedonia</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="el">Μακεδονία</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_regions_of_Greece" title="Geographic regions of Greece">Traditional region</a> of <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Greek_Macedonia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Macedonia"><img alt="Flag of Macedonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Greek_Macedonia.svg/135px-Flag_of_Greek_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="135" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Greek_Macedonia.svg/203px-Flag_of_Greek_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Greek_Macedonia.svg/270px-Flag_of_Greek_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Macedonia_(Greece)" title="Flag of Macedonia (Greece)">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Vergina_Sun_WIPO.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Macedonia"><img alt="The Vergina Sun" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Vergina_Sun_WIPO.svg/90px-Vergina_Sun_WIPO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Vergina_Sun_WIPO.svg/135px-Vergina_Sun_WIPO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Vergina_Sun_WIPO.svg/180px-Vergina_Sun_WIPO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="573" data-file-height="573" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Vergina_Sun" title="Vergina Sun">Emblem</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Anthem: <a href="/wiki/Famous_Macedonia" title="Famous Macedonia">Μακεδονία ξακουστή</a> Makedonia Ksakousti (Famous Macedonia)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Location_map_of_Macedonia_(Greece).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Macedonia (blue)"><img alt="A map showing the location of Macedonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Location_map_of_Macedonia_%28Greece%29.svg/250px-Location_map_of_Macedonia_%28Greece%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Location_map_of_Macedonia_%28Greece%29.svg/375px-Location_map_of_Macedonia_%28Greece%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Location_map_of_Macedonia_%28Greece%29.svg/500px-Location_map_of_Macedonia_%28Greece%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="8460" data-file-height="7315" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Macedonia (blue)</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Macedonia_(Greece)&params=40_45_N_22_54_E_region:GR_type:adm1st">40°45′N 22°54′E / 40.750°N 22.900°E / 40.750; 22.900</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_regions_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative regions of Greece">Administrative regions</a><a href="#cite_note-Determination_of_the_Regions-1">[1]</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Macedonia_and_Thrace" title="Eastern Macedonia and Thrace">Eastern Macedonia and Thrace</a> (in part)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Macedonia" title="Central Macedonia">Central Macedonia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Macedonia" title="Western Macedonia">Western Macedonia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">1913<a href="#cite_note-Britannica-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Disestablished</th><td class="infobox-data">1987 (split)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">34,177 km2 (13,196 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/Mount_Olympus" title="Mount Olympus">Mount Olympus</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,917 m (9,570 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lowest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (Sea level)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">0 m (0 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2020)<a href="#cite_note-Mac_Pop_2017-3">[3]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,366,747</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">69/km2 (180/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Macedonians_(Greeks)" title="Macedonians (Greeks)">Macedonian</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"> <ul><li>The flag, Vergina Sun, and regional anthem are unofficial but their use is widespread.</li> <li>Eastern Macedonia is part of the region of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Macedonia_and_Thrace" title="Eastern Macedonia and Thrace">Eastern Macedonia and Thrace</a>.</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> Macedonia (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˌmæsɪˈdoʊniə/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/50\/En-us-Macedonia.ogg\/En-us-Macedonia.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-Macedonia.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/50/En-us-Macedonia.ogg/En-us-Macedonia.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-Macedonia.ogg" title="File:En-us-Macedonia.ogg">ⓘ</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">MASS-ih-DOH-nee-ə</a>; <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: Μακεδονία, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Greek" title="Romanization of Greek">romanized</a>: Makedonía, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greek" title="Help:IPA/Greek">[maceðoˈni.a]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/3\/31\/Makedonia_pronunciation.ogg\/Makedonia_pronunciation.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Makedonia pronunciation.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/31/Makedonia_pronunciation.ogg/Makedonia_pronunciation.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Makedonia_pronunciation.ogg" title="File:Makedonia pronunciation.ogg">ⓘ</a>) is a <a href="/wiki/Geographic_regions_of_Greece" title="Geographic regions of Greece">geographic</a> and former administrative region of <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>, in the southern <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a>. Macedonia is the largest and second-most-populous geographic region in Greece, with a population of 2.36 million (as of 2020). It is highly mountainous, with major urban centres such as <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kavala" title="Kavala">Kavala</a> being concentrated on its southern coastline. Together with <a href="/wiki/Western_Thrace" title="Western Thrace">Thrace</a>, along with <a href="/wiki/Thessaly" title="Thessaly">Thessaly</a> and <a href="/wiki/Epirus_(region)" title="Epirus (region)">Epirus</a> occasionally, it is part of <a href="/wiki/Northern_Greece" title="Northern Greece">Northern Greece</a>. Greek Macedonia encompasses entirely the southern part of the wider <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(region)" title="Macedonia (region)">region of Macedonia</a>,<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> making up 51% of the total area of that region. Additionally, it widely constitutes Greece's borders with three countries: <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> to the northwest, <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a> to the north, and <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> to the northeast. Greek Macedonia incorporates most of the territories of ancient <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)" title="Macedonia (ancient kingdom)">Macedon</a>, a Greek kingdom ruled by the <a href="/wiki/Argead_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Argead Dynasty">Argeads</a>, whose most celebrated members were <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a> and his father <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Macedon" title="Philip II of Macedon">Philip II</a>. Before the <a href="/wiki/Expansion_of_Macedonia_under_Philip_II" title="Expansion of Macedonia under Philip II">expansion of Macedonia under Philip</a> in the 4th century BC, the kingdom of the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Macedonians" title="Ancient Macedonians">Macedonians</a> covered an area corresponding roughly to the administrative regions of Western and Central Macedonia in modern Greece.<a href="#cite_note-Thomas2010-5">[5]</a> The name Macedonia was later applied to a number of widely-differing administrative areas in the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> empires. With the gradual conquest of south-eastern Europe by the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turks" title="Ottoman Turks">Ottomans</a> in the late 14th century, the name of Macedonia disappeared as an administrative designation for several centuries and was rarely displayed on maps.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> With the <a href="/wiki/Rise_of_nationalism_in_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Rise of nationalism in the Ottoman Empire">rise of nationalism in the Ottoman Empire</a>, the name Macedonia was revived in the nineteenth century as a geographical term, and for educated Greeks it corresponded to the ancient historical land.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> The economic ascent of Thessaloniki and of the other urban centres of Macedonia coincided with the <a href="/wiki/Modern_Greek_Enlightenment" title="Modern Greek Enlightenment">cultural and political renaissance of the Greeks</a>. The leader and coordinator of the <a href="/wiki/Greek_War_of_Independence#Macedonia" title="Greek War of Independence">Greek Revolution</a> in Macedonia was <a href="/wiki/Emmanouel_Pappas" title="Emmanouel Pappas">Emmanouel Pappas</a> from <a href="/wiki/Emmanouil_Pappas_(village)" title="Emmanouil Pappas (village)">Dovista</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Serres_(regional_unit)" title="Serres (regional unit)">Serres</a>), and the revolt spread from Central to Western Macedonia. Letters from the period show Pappas either being addressed or signing himself as "Leader and Defender of Macedonia" and is today considered a Greek hero along with the unnamed <a href="/wiki/Macedonians_(Greeks)" title="Macedonians (Greeks)">Macedonians</a> that fought with him.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> The fall and massacre of <a href="/wiki/Naousa,_Imathia" title="Naousa, Imathia">Naoussa</a> marked the end of the Greek Revolution in Macedonia, and the region remained in the Ottoman Empire. In the early 20th century the region was already a national cause, contested among the states of Greece, Bulgaria and Serbia. After the <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Struggle" title="Macedonian Struggle">Macedonian Struggle</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Balkan_Wars" title="Balkan Wars">Balkan Wars</a> (in 1912 and 1913), the modern Greek region of Macedonia became part of the modern Greek state in 1912–13, in the aftermath of the Balkan Wars and the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bucharest_(1913)" title="Treaty of Bucharest (1913)">Treaty of Bucharest (1913)</a>. It continued as an administrative division of Greece until the reform of 1987, when it was split into the second-level administrative divisions of <a href="/wiki/Western_Macedonia" title="Western Macedonia">Western Macedonia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Central_Macedonia" title="Central Macedonia">Central Macedonia</a>; while the eastern part, into the <a href="/wiki/Drama-Kavala-Xanthi_Super-prefecture" title="Drama-Kavala-Xanthi Super-prefecture">Drama-Kavala-Xanthi Super-prefecture</a> until 2010, and part of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Macedonia_and_Thrace" title="Eastern Macedonia and Thrace">Eastern Macedonia and Thrace</a> division after 2010.<a href="#cite_note-Determination_of_the_Regions-1">[1]</a> The region is further divided between the third-level administrative divisions of the <a href="/wiki/Decentralized_Administration_of_Macedonia_and_Thrace" title="Decentralized Administration of Macedonia and Thrace">Decentralized Administration of Macedonia and Thrace</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Decentralized_Administration_of_Epirus_and_Western_Macedonia" title="Decentralized Administration of Epirus and Western Macedonia">Decentralized Administration of Epirus and Western Macedonia</a>. It also includes the autonomous <a href="/wiki/Monastic_community_of_Mount_Athos" title="Monastic community of Mount Athos">monastic community of Mount Athos</a>, which is under the jurisdiction of the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Greece)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Greece)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> (through the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Administrator_of_Mount_Athos" title="Civil Administrator of Mount Athos">civil administrator of Mount Athos</a>) in its political aspect, and of the <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarch_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople">Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople</a> in its religious aspect. The region remains an important economic centre for Greece. Macedonia accounts for the majority of Greece's agricultural production and is also a major contributor to the country's industrial and tourism sectors. The metropolis of the region, Thessaloniki is the second-largest city and a major economic, industrial, cultural, commercial and political centre of Greece. Central Macedonia is Greece's fourth-most-popular tourist region and the most popular destination that is not an island.<a href="#cite_note-Fig_2018-13">[13]</a> It is home to four <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Greece" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Greece">UNESCO World Heritage sites</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Aegae_(Macedonia)" title="Aegae (Macedonia)">Aigai</a> (modern day <a href="/wiki/Vergina" title="Vergina">Vergina</a>, about 12 km (7 mi) from <a href="/wiki/Veria" title="Veria">Veria</a>), one of the ancient Macedonian capital cities, where the <a href="/wiki/Vergina#Royal_burial_cluster_of_Philip_II" title="Vergina">tomb of Philip II of Macedon</a> is located. <a href="/wiki/Pella" title="Pella">Pella</a> (about 1 km (0.62 mi) from <a href="/wiki/Pella_(town)" title="Pella (town)">modern town of Pella</a> and about 7 km (4.3 mi) from <a href="/wiki/Giannitsa" title="Giannitsa">Giannitsa</a>), which replaced Aigai as the capital of Macedon in the fourth century BC and was the birthplace of Alexander the Great, is also located in the Greek region of Macedonia. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Macedonia_(Greece)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(terminology)#Etymology" title="Macedonia (terminology)">Macedonia (terminology) § Etymology</a></div> The name Macedonia derives from the <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: Μακεδονία (<span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-3" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/3\/31\/Makedonia_pronunciation.ogg\/Makedonia_pronunciation.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Makedon\u00eda"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Makedonia pronunciation.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/31/Makedonia_pronunciation.ogg/Makedonia_pronunciation.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button">Makedonía</a><a href="/wiki/File:Makedonia_pronunciation.ogg" title="File:Makedonia pronunciation.ogg">ⓘ</a>),<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-Macedonia-15">[15]</a> a <a href="/wiki/Macedon" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedon">kingdom</a> (later, <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(region)" title="Macedonia (region)">region</a>) named after the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Macedonians" title="Ancient Macedonians">ancient Macedonians</a>, who were the descendants of a <a href="/wiki/Bronze-Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Bronze-Age">Bronze-Age</a> Greek <a href="/wiki/Tribe" title="Tribe">tribe</a>.<a href="#cite_note-poulton44-16">[16]</a> Their name, Μακεδόνες (Makedónes), is cognate to the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a> adjective <a href="/wiki/Makednos" class="mw-redirect" title="Makednos">μᾰκεδνός</a> (makednós), meaning 'tall, slim'.<a href="#cite_note-Macedonia-15">[15]</a> It is traditionally derived from the <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_root" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-European root">Indo-European root</a> *meh₂ḱ-, meaning 'long' or 'slender'. Linguist <a href="/wiki/Robert_S._P._Beekes" title="Robert S. P. Beekes">Robert S. P. Beekes</a> supports the idea that both terms are of <a href="/wiki/Pre-Greek_substrate" title="Pre-Greek substrate">Pre-Greek substrate</a> origin and cannot be explained in terms of <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a> morphology.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> However, Beekes' views are not mainstream and De Decker argues that his arguments are insufficient.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> The region has historically also been known as Македония (Makedonija) in <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Slavic_speakers_of_Greek_Macedonia" title="Slavic speakers of Greek Macedonia">local South Slavic dialects</a>, Makedonya in <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>, and Machedonia in <a href="/wiki/Aromanian_language" title="Aromanian language">Aromanian</a>. Machedonia is also the name for the region in <a href="/wiki/Megleno-Romanian_language" title="Megleno-Romanian language">Megleno-Romanian</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Macedonia_(Greece)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Macedonia_(Greece)" title="Special:EditPage/Macedonia (Greece)">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Macedonia%22+Greece">"Macedonia" Greece</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Macedonia%22+Greece+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Macedonia%22+Greece&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Macedonia%22+Greece+-wikipedia">books</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Macedonia%22+Greece">scholar</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Macedonia%22+Greece&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a> (January 2019) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prehistory">Prehistory</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Macedonia_(Greece)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Prehistory">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(region)#History" title="Macedonia (region)">Macedonia (region) § History</a>, and <a href="/wiki/History_of_Greece#Prehistoric_Greece" title="History of Greece">History of Greece § Prehistoric Greece</a></div> Macedonia lies at the crossroads of human development between the Aegean and the Balkans. The earliest signs of human habitation date back to the <a href="/wiki/Palaeolithic" class="mw-redirect" title="Palaeolithic">palaeolithic</a> period, notably with the <a href="/wiki/Petralona_cave" class="mw-redirect" title="Petralona cave">Petralona cave</a> in which was found the oldest yet known European humanoid, Archanthropus europaeus petraloniensis.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ouranopithecus_macedoniensis" title="Ouranopithecus macedoniensis">Ouranopithecus macedoniensis</a> is perhaps the oldest, dating to 9.6–8.7 million years ago.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> During the early <a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Greece" title="Neolithic Greece">Neolithic</a> period, the settlement of <a href="/wiki/Nea_Nikomedeia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nea Nikomedeia">Nea Nikomedeia</a> was developed.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Late_Neolithic" title="Late Neolithic">Late Neolithic</a> period (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 4500 – c. 3500 BC), trade took place with quite distant regions, indicating rapid socio-economic changes. One of the most important innovations was the start of copper working.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_history">Ancient history</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Macedonia_(Greece)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ancient history">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)" title="Macedonia (ancient kingdom)">Macedonia (ancient kingdom)</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)" title="History of Macedonia (ancient kingdom)">History of Macedonia (ancient kingdom)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ExpansionOfMacedon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/ExpansionOfMacedon.jpg/220px-ExpansionOfMacedon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/ExpansionOfMacedon.jpg/330px-ExpansionOfMacedon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/ExpansionOfMacedon.jpg/440px-ExpansionOfMacedon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="992" data-file-height="791" /></a><figcaption>The expansion of the ancient Macedonian Kingdom up to the death of <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Macedon" title="Philip II of Macedon">Phillip II</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amfipoli,_Greece_-_panoramio_(3).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Amfipoli%2C_Greece_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg/200px-Amfipoli%2C_Greece_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Amfipoli%2C_Greece_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg/300px-Amfipoli%2C_Greece_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Amfipoli%2C_Greece_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg/400px-Amfipoli%2C_Greece_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3888" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Lion_of_Amphipolis" title="Lion of Amphipolis">Lion of Amphipolis</a>; erected in 4th BC in honour of <a href="/wiki/Laomedon_of_Mytilene" title="Laomedon of Mytilene">Laomedon of Mytilene</a>, general of Alexander the Great</figcaption></figure> According to <a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a>, the history of Macedonia began with the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Macedonians" title="Ancient Macedonians">Makednoi</a> tribe, among the first to use the name, migrating to the region from <a href="/wiki/Histiaeotis" title="Histiaeotis">Histiaeotis</a> in the south. There they lived near Thracian tribes such as the <a href="/wiki/Bryges" title="Bryges">Bryges</a> who would later leave Macedonia for <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Asia Minor</a> and become known as <a href="/wiki/Phrygia" title="Phrygia">Phrygians</a>. <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(terminology)#Etymology" title="Macedonia (terminology)">Macedonia</a> was named after the Makednoi. Accounts of other <a href="/wiki/Toponym" class="mw-redirect" title="Toponym">toponyms</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Imathia" title="Imathia">Emathia</a> are attested to have been in use before that. Herodotus claims that a branch of the Macedonians invaded Southern Greece towards the end of the second millennium B.C.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Upon reaching the Peloponnese the invaders were renamed <a href="/wiki/Dorians" title="Dorians">Dorians</a>, triggering the accounts of the Dorian invasion. For centuries the Macedonian tribes were organised in independent kingdoms, in what is now Central Macedonia, and their role in internal Hellenic politics was minimal, even before the rise of Athens. The <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Macedonians" title="Ancient Macedonians">Macedonians</a> claimed to be <a href="/wiki/Dorians" title="Dorians">Dorian Greeks</a> (Argive Greeks) and there were many <a href="/wiki/Ionians" title="Ionians">Ionians</a> in the coastal regions.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> The rest of the region was inhabited by various Thracian and Illyrian tribes as well as mostly coastal colonies of other Greek states such as <a href="/wiki/Amphipolis" title="Amphipolis">Amphipolis</a>, Olynthos, Potidea, Stageira and many others, and to the north another tribe dwelt, called the <a href="/wiki/Paeonians" title="Paeonians">Paeonians</a>. During the late 6th and early 5th century BC, the region came under Persian rule until the destruction of Xerxes at <a href="/wiki/Plataea" title="Plataea">Plataea</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/Peloponnesian_War" title="Peloponnesian War">Peloponnesian War</a>, Macedonia became the theatre of many military actions by the <a href="/wiki/Peloponnesian_League" title="Peloponnesian League">Peloponnesian League</a> and the Athenians, and saw incursions of Thracians and Illyrians, as attested by Thucydides. Many Macedonian cities were allied to the Spartans (both the Spartans and the Macedonians were Dorian, while the Athenians were Ionian), but Athens maintained the colony of Amphipolis under her control for many years. The kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Macedon" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedon">Macedon</a>, was reorganised by <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Macedon" title="Philip II of Macedon">Philip II</a> and achieved the union of Greek states by forming the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Corinth" title="League of Corinth">League of Corinth</a>. After his assassination, his son <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander</a> succeeded to the throne of <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)" title="Macedonia (ancient kingdom)">Macedon</a> and carrying the title of <a href="/wiki/Hegemon" class="mw-redirect" title="Hegemon">Hegemon</a> of <a href="/wiki/League_of_Corinth" title="League of Corinth">League of Corinth</a> started his <a href="/wiki/Wars_of_Alexander_the_Great" title="Wars of Alexander the Great">long campaign</a> towards the east. After the death of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Wars_of_the_Diadochi" title="Wars of the Diadochi">Wars of the Diadochi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)" title="Macedonia (ancient kingdom)">Macedonia</a> was a powerful state of <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_Greece" title="Hellenistic Greece">Hellenistic Greece</a>.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roman_period_and_early_Byzantine_period">Roman period and early Byzantine period</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Macedonia_(Greece)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Roman period and early Byzantine period">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Wars" title="Macedonian Wars">Macedonian Wars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(Roman_province)" title="Macedonia (Roman province)">Macedonia (Roman province)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Greece" title="Byzantine Greece">Byzantine Greece</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%CE%91%CE%A8%CE%99%CE%94%CE%91_%CE%93%CE%91%CE%9B%CE%95%CE%A1%CE%99%CE%9F%CE%A5_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/%CE%91%CE%A8%CE%99%CE%94%CE%91_%CE%93%CE%91%CE%9B%CE%95%CE%A1%CE%99%CE%9F%CE%A5_2.jpg/220px-%CE%91%CE%A8%CE%99%CE%94%CE%91_%CE%93%CE%91%CE%9B%CE%95%CE%A1%CE%99%CE%9F%CE%A5_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/%CE%91%CE%A8%CE%99%CE%94%CE%91_%CE%93%CE%91%CE%9B%CE%95%CE%A1%CE%99%CE%9F%CE%A5_2.jpg/330px-%CE%91%CE%A8%CE%99%CE%94%CE%91_%CE%93%CE%91%CE%9B%CE%95%CE%A1%CE%99%CE%9F%CE%A5_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/%CE%91%CE%A8%CE%99%CE%94%CE%91_%CE%93%CE%91%CE%9B%CE%95%CE%A1%CE%99%CE%9F%CE%A5_2.jpg/440px-%CE%91%CE%A8%CE%99%CE%94%CE%91_%CE%93%CE%91%CE%9B%CE%95%CE%A1%CE%99%CE%9F%CE%A5_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>View of the Roman-era <a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Galerius_and_Rotunda" title="Arch of Galerius and Rotunda">Arch of Galerius</a> in Thessaloniki, capital of Roman Macedonia</figcaption></figure> Macedonia remained an important and powerful kingdom until the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pydna" title="Battle of Pydna">Battle of Pydna</a> (22 June 168 BC), in which the Roman general <a href="/wiki/Lucius_Aemilius_Paullus_Macedonicus" title="Lucius Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus">Aemilius Paulus</a> defeated King <a href="/wiki/Perseus_of_Macedon" title="Perseus of Macedon">Perseus of Macedon</a>, ending the reign of the <a href="/wiki/Antigonid_dynasty" title="Antigonid dynasty">Antigonid dynasty</a> over Macedonia. For a brief period a Macedonian republic called the "Koinon of the Macedonians" was established. It was divided into four administrative districts by the Romans in the hope that this would make revolts more difficult, but this manoeuvre failed. Then in 148 BC, Macedonia was fully annexed by the Romans.<a href="#cite_note-Moutsopoulos-27">[27]</a> The northern boundary at that time ended at <a href="/wiki/Lake_Ohrid" title="Lake Ohrid">Lake Ohrid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bylazora" title="Bylazora">Bylazora</a>, a Paeonian city near the modern city of <a href="/wiki/Veles_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Veles (city)">Veles</a>. <a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a>, writing in the first century AD places the border of Macedonia on that part at <a href="/wiki/Lychnidos" class="mw-redirect" title="Lychnidos">Lychnidos</a>,<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> Byzantine Achris and presently <a href="/wiki/Ochrid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ochrid">Ochrid</a>. Therefore, ancient Macedonia did not significantly extend beyond its current borders (in Greece). To the east, Macedonia ended according to <a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a> at the river <a href="/wiki/Struma_(river)" title="Struma (river)">Strymon</a>, although he mentions that other writers placed Macedonia's border with <a href="/wiki/Thrace" title="Thrace">Thrace</a> at the river <a href="/wiki/Nestos_(river)" title="Nestos (river)">Nestos</a>,<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> which is also the present geographical boundary between the two administrative districts of <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts of the Apostles</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+16:9–10&version=nkjv">Acts 16:9–10</a>) records a vision in which the <a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">apostle Paul</a> is said to have seen a '<a href="/wiki/Man_of_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Man of Macedonia">man of Macedonia</a>' pleading with him, saying, "Come over to Macedonia and help us". The passage reports that Paul and his companions responded immediately to the invitation. Subsequently the provinces of <a href="/wiki/Epirus_(ancient_state)" title="Epirus (ancient state)">Epirus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thessaly" title="Thessaly">Thessaly</a> as well as other regions to the north were incorporated into a new Provincia Macedonia, but in 297 AD under a <a href="/wiki/Diocletian" title="Diocletian">Diocletianic</a> reform many of these regions were removed and two new provinces were created: Macedonia Prima and Macedonia Salutaris (from 479 to 482 AD Macedonia Secunda). <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(Roman_province)#Macedonia_Prima" title="Macedonia (Roman province)">Macedonia Prima</a> coincided approximately with Strabo's definition of Macedonia and with the modern administrative district of Greece<a href="#cite_note-Moutsopoulos-27">[27]</a> and had <a href="/wiki/Thessalonica" class="mw-redirect" title="Thessalonica">Thessaloniki</a> as its capital, while Macedonia Salutaris had the <a href="/wiki/Paeonia_(kingdom)" title="Paeonia (kingdom)">Paeonian</a> city of <a href="/wiki/Stobi" title="Stobi">Stobi</a> (near <a href="/wiki/Gradsko,_North_Macedonia" title="Gradsko, North Macedonia">Gradsko</a>) as its capital. This subdivision is mentioned in <a href="/wiki/Hierocles_of_Alexandria" title="Hierocles of Alexandria">Hierocles</a>' Synecdemon (527–528) and remained through the reign of emperor <a href="/wiki/Justinian" class="mw-redirect" title="Justinian">Justinian</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Slav" class="mw-redirect" title="Slav">Slavic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Avars" title="Pannonian Avars">Avar</a>, <a href="/wiki/First_Bulgarian_Empire" title="First Bulgarian Empire">Bulgarian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarian people">Magyar</a> invasions in the 6–7th centuries devastated both provinces<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> with only parts of Macedonia Prima in the coastal areas and nearer <a href="/wiki/Western_Thrace" title="Western Thrace">Thrace</a> remaining in <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine empire">Byzantine</a> hands, while most of the hinterland was disputed between the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine empire">Byzantium</a> and <a href="/wiki/First_Bulgarian_Empire" title="First Bulgarian Empire">Bulgaria</a>. The Macedonian regions under Byzantine control passed under the <a href="/wiki/Tourma" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourma">tourma</a> of Macedonia to the province of <a href="/wiki/Thrace" title="Thrace">Thrace</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medieval_history">Medieval history</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Macedonia_(Greece)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Medieval history">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Greece" title="Byzantine Greece">Byzantine Greece</a>, <a href="/wiki/Strymon_(theme)" title="Strymon (theme)">Strymon (theme)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thessalonica_(theme)" title="Thessalonica (theme)">Thessalonica (theme)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(theme)" title="Macedonia (theme)">Macedonia (theme)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Thessalonica" title="Kingdom of Thessalonica">Kingdom of Thessalonica</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Thessalonica" title="Empire of Thessalonica">Empire of Thessalonica</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%CE%86%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%88%CE%B7_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%AF%CF%87%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%82,_%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%82_(photosiotas).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/%CE%86%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%88%CE%B7_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%AF%CF%87%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%82%2C_%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%82_%28photosiotas%29.jpg/220px-%CE%86%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%88%CE%B7_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%AF%CF%87%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%82%2C_%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%82_%28photosiotas%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/%CE%86%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%88%CE%B7_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%AF%CF%87%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%82%2C_%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%82_%28photosiotas%29.jpg/330px-%CE%86%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%88%CE%B7_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%AF%CF%87%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%82%2C_%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%82_%28photosiotas%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/%CE%86%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%88%CE%B7_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%AF%CF%87%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%82%2C_%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%82_%28photosiotas%29.jpg/440px-%CE%86%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%88%CE%B7_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%AF%CF%87%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%82%2C_%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%82_%28photosiotas%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>View of the Byzantine fortress in the old town of <a href="/wiki/Kavala" title="Kavala">Kavala</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GR-platamonas-festung.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/GR-platamonas-festung.jpg/220px-GR-platamonas-festung.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/GR-platamonas-festung.jpg/330px-GR-platamonas-festung.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/GR-platamonas-festung.jpg/440px-GR-platamonas-festung.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1211" data-file-height="807" /></a><figcaption>The Frankish <a href="/wiki/Platamon_Castle" title="Platamon Castle">Platamon Castle</a>.</figcaption></figure> A new system of administration came into place in 789–802 AD, following the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine empire">Byzantine empire</a>'s recovery from these invasions. The new system was based on administrative divisions called <a href="/wiki/Themata" class="mw-redirect" title="Themata">Themata</a>. The region of Macedonia Prima (the territory of modern Greek administrative district of Macedonia) was divided between the <a href="/wiki/Thessalonica_(theme)" title="Thessalonica (theme)">Thema of Thessaloniki</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Strymon_(theme)" title="Strymon (theme)">Thema of Strymon</a>, so that only the region of the area from <a href="/wiki/Nestos_(river)" title="Nestos (river)">Nestos</a> eastwards continued to carry the name Macedonia, referred to as the <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(theme)" title="Macedonia (theme)">Thema of Macedonia</a> or the Thema of "Macedonia in Thrace". The Thema of Macedonia in Thrace had its capital in <a href="/wiki/Adrianople" class="mw-redirect" title="Adrianople">Adrianople</a>.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Familiarity with the Slavic element in the area led two brothers from <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saints_Cyril_and_Methodius" class="mw-redirect" title="Saints Cyril and Methodius">Saints Cyril and Methodius</a>, to be chosen to convert the Slavs to Christianity. Following the campaigns of <a href="/wiki/Basil_II" title="Basil II">Basil II</a>, all of Macedonia returned to the Byzantine state. Following the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Crusade" title="Fourth Crusade">Fourth Crusade</a> 1203–1204, a short-lived <a href="/wiki/Crusader_states" title="Crusader states">Crusader</a> realm, the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Thessalonica" title="Kingdom of Thessalonica">Kingdom of Thessalonica</a>, was established in the region. It was subdued by the co-founder of the Greek <a href="/wiki/Despotate_of_Epirus" title="Despotate of Epirus">Despotate of Epirus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Komnenos_Doukas" title="Theodore Komnenos Doukas">Theodore Komnenos Doukas</a> in 1224, when Greek Macedonia and the city of <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a> were at the heart of the short-lived <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Thessalonica" title="Empire of Thessalonica">Empire of Thessalonica</a>. Returning to the restored <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> shortly thereafter, Greek Macedonia remained in Byzantine hands until the 1340s, when all of Macedonia (except Thessaloniki, and possibly <a href="/wiki/Veria" title="Veria">Veria</a>) was conquered by the Serbian ruler <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Uro%C5%A1_IV_Du%C5%A1an_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen Uroš IV Dušan of Serbia">Stefan Dušan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maritsa" title="Battle of Maritsa">Battle of Maritsa</a> (1371), Byzantine rule was reestablished in eastern regions, including <a href="/wiki/Serres" title="Serres">Serres</a>. During the 1380s, the region was gradually conquered by the advancing <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottomans</a>, with Serres holding out until 1383, and Thessaloniki until 1387. After a brief Byzantine interval in 1403–1430 (during the last seven years of which the city was handed over to the Venetians), Thessaloniki and its immediate surrounding area returned to the Ottomans.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ottoman_rule">Ottoman rule</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Macedonia_(Greece)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ottoman rule">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Greece" title="Ottoman Greece">Ottoman Greece</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salonica_Eyalet" title="Salonica Eyalet">Salonica Eyalet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rumelia_Eyalet" title="Rumelia Eyalet">Rumelia Eyalet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salonica_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Salonica Vilayet">Salonica Vilayet</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Manastir_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Manastir Vilayet">Manastir Vilayet</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KRITOPOULOS_1627.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/KRITOPOULOS_1627.JPG/160px-KRITOPOULOS_1627.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/KRITOPOULOS_1627.JPG/240px-KRITOPOULOS_1627.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/KRITOPOULOS_1627.JPG/320px-KRITOPOULOS_1627.JPG 2x" data-file-width="482" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Metrophanes_Kritopoulos" class="mw-redirect" title="Metrophanes Kritopoulos">Metrophanes Kritopoulos</a>, theologian, monk and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Greek_Orthodox_Patriarchs_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Greek Orthodox Patriarchs of Alexandria">Patriarch of Alexandria</a> who was born in <a href="/wiki/Veria" title="Veria">Veria</a> in 1589.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a></figcaption></figure> The capture of <a href="/wiki/Thessalonica" class="mw-redirect" title="Thessalonica">Thessaloniki</a> in 1430 threw the Byzantine world into consternation, being regarded correctly as a prelude to the fall of <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> itself. The memory of the event has survived through folk traditions containing fact and myths. Apostolos Vacalopoulos records the following Turkish tradition connected with the capture of Thessaloniki:<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">"While <a href="/wiki/Murad_II" title="Murad II">Murad</a> was asleep in his palace at Yenitsa, the story has it that, God appeared to him in a dream and gave him a lovely rose to smell, full of perfume. The sultan was so amazed by its beauty that he begged God to give it to him. God replied, "This rose, Murad, is Thessalonica. Know that it is to you granted by heaven to enjoy it. Do not waste time; go and take it". Complying with this exhortation from God, Murad marched against Thessalonica and, as it has been written, captured it."</blockquote> <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a> became a centre of <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> administration in the Balkans. While most of Macedonia was ruled by the Ottomans, in <a href="/wiki/Mount_Athos" title="Mount Athos">Mount Athos</a> the monastic community continued to exist in a state of autonomy. The remainder of the <a href="/wiki/Chalkidiki" title="Chalkidiki">Chalkidiki</a> peninsula also enjoyed an autonomous status: the "Koinon of Mademochoria" was governed by a locally appointed council due to privileges obtained on account of its wealth, coming from the gold and silver mines in the area. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_history">Modern history</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Macedonia_(Greece)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Modern history">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Greek War of Independence">Greek War of Independence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greek_Struggle_for_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Struggle for Macedonia">Greek Struggle for Macedonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Balkan_Wars" title="Balkan Wars">Balkan Wars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_front" title="Macedonian front">Macedonian front</a>, <a href="/wiki/Movement_of_National_Defence" class="mw-redirect" title="Movement of National Defence">Movement of National Defence</a>, and <a href="/wiki/History_of_modern_Macedonia_(Greece)" title="History of modern Macedonia (Greece)">History of modern Macedonia (Greece)</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Salonique,_le_d%C3%A9fil%C3%A9_du_premier_bataillon_grec_volontaire.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/A_Salonique%2C_le_d%C3%A9fil%C3%A9_du_premier_bataillon_grec_volontaire.jpg/200px-A_Salonique%2C_le_d%C3%A9fil%C3%A9_du_premier_bataillon_grec_volontaire.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/A_Salonique%2C_le_d%C3%A9fil%C3%A9_du_premier_bataillon_grec_volontaire.jpg/300px-A_Salonique%2C_le_d%C3%A9fil%C3%A9_du_premier_bataillon_grec_volontaire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/A_Salonique%2C_le_d%C3%A9fil%C3%A9_du_premier_bataillon_grec_volontaire.jpg/400px-A_Salonique%2C_le_d%C3%A9fil%C3%A9_du_premier_bataillon_grec_volontaire.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7000" data-file-height="5090" /></a><figcaption>The 1st Battalion of the <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_National_Defence" title="Provisional Government of National Defence">National Defence</a> marches on its way to the Front, during WWI.</figcaption></figure> There were several uprisings in Macedonia during <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman rule</a>, including an uprising after the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lepanto" title="Battle of Lepanto">Battle of Lepanto</a> that ended in massacres of the Greek population, the uprising in <a href="/wiki/Naousa,_Imathia" title="Naousa, Imathia">Naousa</a> of the armatolos <a href="/wiki/Zisis_Karademos" title="Zisis Karademos">Zisis Karademos</a> in 1705, a rebellion in the area of <a href="/wiki/Grevena" title="Grevena">Grevena</a> by a <a href="/wiki/Klepht" title="Klepht">Klepht</a> called Ziakas (1730–1810). The Greek Declaration of Independence in Macedonia by <a href="/wiki/Emmanouel_Pappas" title="Emmanouel Pappas">Emmanuel Pappas</a> in 1821, during the <a href="/wiki/Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Greek War of Independence">Greek War of Independence</a>. The revolt spread from <a href="/wiki/Central_Macedonia" title="Central Macedonia">Central</a> to <a href="/wiki/Western_Macedonia" title="Western Macedonia">Western Macedonia</a>. In the autumn of 1821, <a href="/wiki/Nikolaos_Kasomoulis" title="Nikolaos Kasomoulis">Nikolaos Kasomoulis</a> was sent to southern Greece as the "representative of South-East Macedonia", and met Demetrius Ypsilantis. At the beginning of 1822, <a href="/wiki/Anastasios_Karatasos" title="Anastasios Karatasos">Anastasios Karatasos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Angelis_Gatsos" title="Angelis Gatsos">Angelis Gatsos</a> arranged a meeting with other armatoloi and decided that the insurrection should be based on three towns: Naoussa, <a href="/wiki/Kastania_(Pieria),_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Kastania (Pieria), Greece">Kastania</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Siatista" title="Siatista">Siatista</a>.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> In 1854 <a href="/wiki/Theodoros_Ziakas" title="Theodoros Ziakas">Theodoros Ziakas</a>, the son of the <a href="/wiki/Klepht" title="Klepht">klepht</a> Ziakas, together with <a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Karatasos" title="Dimitrios Karatasos">Dimitrios Karatasos</a>, who had been among the captains at the siege of Naousa in 1821, led another uprising in Western Macedonia that has been profusely commemorated in Greek folk song. To strengthen Greek efforts for Macedonia, the <a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Macedonian_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellenic Macedonian Committee">Hellenic Macedonian Committee</a> was formed in 1903, under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Kalapothakis" title="Dimitrios Kalapothakis">Dimitrios Kalapothakis</a>; its members included <a href="/wiki/Ion_Dragoumis" title="Ion Dragoumis">Ion Dragoumis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pavlos_Melas" title="Pavlos Melas">Pavlos Melas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> Its fighters were known as Makedonomachoi ("Macedonian fighters").<a href="#cite_note-BrownHamilakis2003-40">[40]</a> Greece helped the <a href="/wiki/Macedonians_(Greeks)" title="Macedonians (Greeks)">Macedonians</a> to resist both <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bulgarians" title="Bulgarians">Bulgarian</a> forces, by sending military officers who formed bands made up of Macedonians and other Greek volunteers, something that resulted in the <a href="/wiki/Struggle_for_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Struggle for Macedonia">Macedonian Struggle</a> from 1904 to 1908, which ended with the <a href="/wiki/Young_Turk_Revolution" title="Young Turk Revolution">Young Turk Revolution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Gillespie88-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Macedonians_(Greeks)" title="Macedonians (Greeks)">Macedonians</a> fought alongside the regular Greek army during the struggle for Macedonia. There are monuments in Macedonia commemorating the Makedonomachoi, the local Macedonian and other Greek fighters, who took part in the wars and died to liberate Macedonia from the Ottoman rule, officially memorialized as heroes.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> Greece gained the southern parts of the region (with <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a>), which corresponded to that of <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)" title="Macedonia (ancient kingdom)">ancient Macedonia</a> attributed as part of <a href="/wiki/History_of_Greece" title="History of Greece">Greek history</a> and had a strong Greek presence,<a href="#cite_note-Gillespie88-41">[41]</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> after the <a href="/wiki/First_Balkan_War" title="First Balkan War">First Balkan War</a>, and expanded its share in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Balkan_War" title="Second Balkan War">Second Balkan War</a> against Bulgaria. The boundaries of Greek Macedonia were finalised in the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bucharest_(1913)" title="Treaty of Bucharest (1913)">Treaty of Bucharest</a>. In <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, Macedonia became a battlefield. The Greek Prime Minister, <a href="/wiki/Eleftherios_Venizelos" title="Eleftherios Venizelos">Eleftherios Venizelos</a>, favoured entering the war on the side of the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Entente</a>, while the Germanophile King <a href="/wiki/Constantine_I_of_Greece" title="Constantine I of Greece">Constantine I</a> favoured neutrality. Invited by Venizelos, in autumn 1915, the Allies landed forces in Thessaloniki to aid <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> in <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Campaign_(World_War_I)" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbian Campaign (World War I)">its war</a> against Austria-Hungary and Bulgaria, but their intervention came too late to prevent the Serbian collapse. The <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_front" title="Macedonian front">Macedonian front</a> was established, with Thessaloniki at its heart, while in summer 1916 the Bulgarians <a href="/wiki/Struma_operation" title="Struma operation">took over</a> Greek eastern Macedonia without opposition. This provoked a military uprising among pro-Venizelist officers in Thessaloniki, resulting in the establishment of a "<a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_National_Defence" title="Provisional Government of National Defence">Provisional Government of National Defence</a>" in the city, headed by Venizelos, which entered the war alongside the Allies. After intense diplomatic negotiations and an <a href="/wiki/Noemvriana" title="Noemvriana">armed confrontation</a> in Athens between Entente and royalist forces the King abdicated, and his second son <a href="/wiki/Alexander_of_Greece" title="Alexander of Greece">Alexander</a> took his place. Venizelos returned to Athens in June 1917 and Greece, now unified, officially joined the war on the side of the Allies. In <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> Macedonia was <a href="/wiki/Axis_occupation_of_Greece" title="Axis occupation of Greece">occupied by the Axis</a> (1941–44), with Germany taking western and central Macedonia with Thessaloniki and Bulgaria occupying and annexing eastern Macedonia. At the beginning of the 19th century, Slavic peasants identified themselves based on belonging to their family, village, or local region, or as "<a href="/wiki/Rum_Millet" class="mw-redirect" title="Rum Millet">Rum Millet</a>", i.e. members of the Greek-dominated community of Orthodox Christians. The Slavs of Macedonia generally referred to themselves and were known as "Bulgarians". By the middle of the 19th century, peasant communities of Macedonia experienced the formation of deep divisions with <a href="/wiki/Rise_of_nationalism_in_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Rise of nationalism in the Ottoman Empire">rise of nationalism in the Ottoman Empire</a>. From then, the <a href="/wiki/Slavic_speakers_in_Ottoman_Macedonia" title="Slavic speakers in Ottoman Macedonia">Slavic speaking communities of northern Greece</a> split into two hostile and opposed groups with two different national identities – Greek and Bulgarian.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> By the Second World War and following the defeat of Bulgaria, another further split between the Slavic groups occurred. Conservatives departed with the occupying Bulgarian Army to Bulgaria. Leftists who identified as Macedonians (Slavic), joined the communist-dominated rebel <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Army_of_Greece" title="Democratic Army of Greece">Democratic Army of Greece</a>. At the conclusion of the <a href="/wiki/Greek_Civil_War" title="Greek Civil War">Greek Civil War</a> (1946–49), most Macedonians of Slavic background were evacuated by the <a href="/wiki/Greek_Communist_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Communist Party">Greek Communist Party</a> and forced to flee to the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist Yugoslavia">Yugoslav</a> <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Macedonia" title="Socialist Republic of Macedonia">Socialist Republic of Macedonia</a> and other countries in Eastern and Central Europe.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> Some also immigrated to Canada, Australia, and the United States.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> Current Greek law still forbids the reentry and restitution of property by Macedonians that are not "Greek by origin."<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Macedonia_(Greece)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Geography">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Greece" title="Geography of Greece">Geography of Greece</a></div> Macedonia is the largest and second-most-populous <a href="/wiki/Geographic_regions_of_Greece" title="Geographic regions of Greece">Greek region</a>. The landscape is characterized by variety, since <a href="/wiki/Western_Macedonia" title="Western Macedonia">Western</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Macedonia_and_Thrace" title="Eastern Macedonia and Thrace">Eastern</a> Macedonia is mountainous with the exception of some fertile valleys, while the Thessaloniki-Giannitsa plain, the largest in Greece, is located in <a href="/wiki/Central_Macedonia" title="Central Macedonia">Central Macedonia</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mount_Olympus" title="Mount Olympus">Mount Olympus</a>, the highest mountain in Greece, is located in the Olympus Range on the border between <a href="/wiki/Thessaly" title="Thessaly">Thessaly</a> and Macedonia, between the regional units of Pieria and Larissa, about 80 km (50 mi) southwest from Thessaloniki. Some other mountain ranges are <a href="/wiki/Vermio_Mountains" title="Vermio Mountains">Vermio Mountains</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierian_Mountains" title="Pierian Mountains">Pierian Mountains</a>, <a href="/wiki/Voras_Mountains" title="Voras Mountains">Voras Mountains</a>. The islands of Macedonia are <a href="/wiki/Thasos" title="Thasos">Thasos</a>, opposite the coasts of Eastern Macedonia and the port of <a href="/wiki/Kavala" title="Kavala">Kavala</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ammouliani" title="Ammouliani">Ammouliani</a>, opposite the coasts of Central Macedonia, in <a href="/wiki/Chalkidiki" title="Chalkidiki">Chalkidiki</a>. <a href="/wiki/Haliacmon" title="Haliacmon">Haliacmon</a>, which flows through <a href="/wiki/Kastoria_(regional_unit)" title="Kastoria (regional unit)">Kastoria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grevena_(regional_unit)" title="Grevena (regional unit)">Grevena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kozani_(regional_unit)" title="Kozani (regional unit)">Kozani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imathia" title="Imathia">Imathia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pieria_(regional_unit)" title="Pieria (regional unit)">Pieria</a> regional units, is the longest river in Greece. Some other rivers are Axios (<a href="/wiki/Vardar" title="Vardar">Vardar</a>), <a href="/wiki/Struma_(river)" title="Struma (river)">Strymonas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loudias_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Loudias River">Loudias</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Macedonia_(Greece)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Climate">edit</a>]</div> Macedonia for the most part enjoys a <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">Mediterranean climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a>: Csa). Some parts have a <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a> (Cfa), while higher elevations border a <a href="/wiki/Humid_continental_climate" title="Humid continental climate">humid continental climate</a> (Dfa). <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a> has a <a href="/wiki/Cold_semi-arid_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Cold semi-arid climate">cold semi-arid climate</a> (BSk) while <a href="/wiki/Downtown" title="Downtown">downtown</a> <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neos_Marmaras" title="Neos Marmaras">Neos Marmaras</a> are the only areas of Macedonia with a <a href="/wiki/Hot_semi-arid_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot semi-arid climate">hot semi-arid climate</a> (Köppen climate classification: BSh). The coldest winters are found in <a href="/wiki/Florina" title="Florina">Florina</a>, while the mildest are found in Neos Marmaras and <a href="/wiki/Great_Lavra" title="Great Lavra">Great Lavra</a>, which fall in <a href="/wiki/Hardiness_zone" title="Hardiness zone">hardiness zone</a> 10a.<a href="#cite_note-N.O.A_Monthly_Bulletins-49">[49]</a> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:70%; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for <a href="/wiki/Aristotle_University_of_Thessaloniki" title="Aristotle University of Thessaloniki">Aristotle University of Thessaloniki</a> 32 m asl, 1991–2020 normals (extremes 1930–present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF8206; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.5 (72.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.1 (77.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.1 (86.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.2 (90.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF1900; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">37.8 (100.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF0200; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.2 (106.2) </td> <td style="background: #E60000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">43.3 (109.9) </td> <td style="background: #FD0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.6 (106.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF0800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.3 (104.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF3700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.4 (92.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.1 (82.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.4 (75.9) </td> <td style="background: #E60000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">43.3 (109.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFD4AA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6 (51.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC892; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.4 (54.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.6 (60.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF962D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.7 (67.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.2 (77.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.0 (86.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.3 (90.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.3 (90.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.8 (82.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF850C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.1 (71.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.6 (61.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8 (53.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">21.4 (70.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0 (44.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4C9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4 (47.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2 (52.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB76F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.9 (58.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0 (68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.7 (76.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.0 (80.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.1 (80.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8104; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.7 (72.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA449; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.7 (63.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.8 (55.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4CA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.3 (46.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA55; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">16.8 (62.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.4 (38.1) </td> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.4 (39.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8 (44.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFD8B1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1 (50.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB76F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.9 (58.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.4 (66.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8710; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.8 (71.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF870F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.9 (71.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA44A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.6 (63.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC184; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.4 (56.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0 (48.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9 (40.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFC993; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">12.3 (54.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #A2A2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−12.6 (9.3) </td> <td style="background: #B6B6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.9 (16.0) </td> <td style="background: #BABAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.2 (17.2) </td> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.4 (31.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.2 (41.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6 (47.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0 (53.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7AF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3 (50.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7 (45.9) </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.4 (34.5) </td> <td style="background: #D7D7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.8 (27.0) </td> <td style="background: #BABAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.2 (17.2) </td> <td style="background: #A2A2FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−12.6 (9.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #CCFFCC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.1 (1.34) </td> <td style="background: #C8FFC8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.6 (1.32) </td> <td style="background: #C4FFC4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39.5 (1.56) </td> <td style="background: #C5FFC5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.5 (1.48) </td> <td style="background: #B3FFB3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.0 (2.01) </td> <td style="background: #CEFFCE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.6 (1.24) </td> <td style="background: #D6FFD6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.0 (1.06) </td> <td style="background: #D9FFD9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.1 (0.99) </td> <td style="background: #C5FFC5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.4 (1.47) </td> <td style="background: #BDFFBD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43.7 (1.72) </td> <td style="background: #C0FFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40.9 (1.61) </td> <td style="background: #B7FFB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.2 (1.90) </td> <td style="background: #C6FFC6; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">449.6 (17.7) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/Aristotle_University_of_Thessaloniki" title="Aristotle University of Thessaloniki">Aristotle University of Thessaloniki</a>,<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organization" title="World Meteorological Organization">World Meteorological Organization</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:70%; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Florina (1961–2010) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.0 (64.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.0 (73.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.8 (78.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.2 (88.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.8 (92.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.0 (102.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF0400; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.8 (105.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF1300; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.6 (101.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.0 (96.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.2 (90.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.6 (79.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.0 (69.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF0400; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">40.8 (105.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFFDFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7 (40.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4 (45.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0 (53.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA55; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.8 (62.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.0 (71.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.4 (79.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.0 (84.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.0 (84.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.7 (76.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.0 (66.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC994; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.2 (54.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFF5EB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.9 (42.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64D; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">17.4 (63.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #E9E9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.6 (33.1) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.8 (37.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0 (44.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFCD9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.7 (53.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA954; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.9 (62.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.1 (70.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.4 (74.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.8 (73.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA042; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.2 (64.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.9 (55.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFECD9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2 (45.0) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.0 (35.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFC994; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">12.2 (54.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #D5D5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.1 (26.4) </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.7 (28.9) </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.5 (34.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.4 (41.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFDCBA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5 (49.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.8 (55.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.8 (58.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB872; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.7 (58.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4 (52.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1 (44.8) </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.6 (36.7) </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.8 (28.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E8; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6.1 (43.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #5F5FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−25.1 (−13.2) </td> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−23.0 (−9.4) </td> <td style="background: #9D9DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−13.6 (7.5) </td> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.0 (23.0) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (32.0) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.4 (36.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFF0E2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6 (43.9) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0 (39.2) </td> <td style="background: #DFDFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.4 (29.5) </td> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.0 (23.0) </td> <td style="background: #A2A2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−12.6 (9.3) </td> <td style="background: #8282FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−18.6 (−1.5) </td> <td style="background: #5F5FFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−25.1 (−13.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #AAFFAA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.8 (2.24) </td> <td style="background: #ABFFAB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.1 (2.01) </td> <td style="background: #A8FFA8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57.8 (2.28) </td> <td style="background: #A1FFA1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.4 (2.38) </td> <td style="background: #A6FFA6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.4 (2.34) </td> <td style="background: #C5FFC5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.3 (1.47) </td> <td style="background: #CCFFCC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.9 (1.33) </td> <td style="background: #D1FFD1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.6 (1.20) </td> <td style="background: #B1FFB1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50.1 (1.97) </td> <td style="background: #97FF97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.2 (2.72) </td> <td style="background: #91FF91; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.3 (2.81) </td> <td style="background: #7FFF7F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">85.6 (3.37) </td> <td style="background: #ABFFAB; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">663.5 (26.12) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days </th> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0 </td> <td style="background: #6F6FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6 </td> <td style="background: #7676FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1 </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6 </td> <td style="background: #7A7AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7 </td> <td style="background: #A3A3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2 </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.5 </td> <td style="background: #BDBDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.3 </td> <td style="background: #ACACFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.5 </td> <td style="background: #A1A1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6 </td> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7 </td> <td style="background: #6D6DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8 </td> <td style="background: #8E8EFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">107.6 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days </th> <td style="background: #A2A2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5 </td> <td style="background: #A9A9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.3 </td> <td style="background: #C7C7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.5 </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.8 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 </td> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.8 </td> <td style="background: #B6B6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.9 </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">27.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000C7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81.2 </td> <td style="background: #0000D9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76.4 </td> <td style="background: #0000F6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68.8 </td> <td style="background: #0D0DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">63.2 </td> <td style="background: #0E0EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">62.8 </td> <td style="background: #1E1EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">58.6 </td> <td style="background: #2B2BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">55.4 </td> <td style="background: #2525FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">56.9 </td> <td style="background: #0C0CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">63.3 </td> <td style="background: #0000EC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71.4 </td> <td style="background: #0000D4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000C5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000F9; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">68.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: Hellenic National Meteorological Service<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:70%; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for <a href="/wiki/Neos_Marmaras" title="Neos Marmaras">Neos Marmaras</a> 6 m a.s.l. </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF8F1F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.7 (69.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.8 (73.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.8 (73.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.5 (79.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.4 (90.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF2300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.4 (97.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF0B00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.9 (103.8) </td> <td style="background: #FD0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.6 (106.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.0 (98.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.3 (84.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.1 (79.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF952C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.8 (67.6) </td> <td style="background: #FD0000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">41.6 (106.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFC994; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.2 (54.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.1 (57.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.6 (60.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9730; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.5 (67.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.3 (75.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.3 (84.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.1 (89.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.4 (90.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.8 (82.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF850B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.2 (72.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA143; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.1 (64.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.0 (57.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8710; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">21.8 (71.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4 (48.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0 (51.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFC994; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.2 (54.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB368; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.4 (59.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0 (68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.9 (76.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.7 (81.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.0 (82.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.9 (75.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.9 (66.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.2 (59.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3 (52.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA042; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">18.2 (64.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFF1E3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.5 (43.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFE7D0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.9 (46.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7 (47.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3 (52.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.6 (60.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9022; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.5 (68.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.2 (73.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.6 (74.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0 (68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.6 (60.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC994; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.2 (54.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6 (47.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">14.5 (58.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #D0D0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.2 (24.4) </td> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.5 (31.1) </td> <td style="background: #E9E9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.6 (33.1) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.2 (39.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD5AC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5 (50.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC388; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.1 (55.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.3 (61.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.6 (65.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC387; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.2 (55.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.9 (49.8) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.7 (38.7) </td> <td style="background: #E3E3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.6 (30.9) </td> <td style="background: #D0D0FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−4.2 (24.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #A2FFA2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.4 (2.46) </td> <td style="background: #CFFFCF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.9 (1.14) </td> <td style="background: #B4FFB4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50.1 (1.97) </td> <td style="background: #D4FFD4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.4 (1.08) </td> <td style="background: #DEFFDE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.7 (0.85) </td> <td style="background: #CAFFCA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.9 (1.33) </td> <td style="background: #D5FFD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.0 (1.10) </td> <td style="background: #EDFFED; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6 (0.46) </td> <td style="background: #D1FFD1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.5 (1.16) </td> <td style="background: #C8FFC8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.8 (1.45) </td> <td style="background: #BEFFBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41.8 (1.65) </td> <td style="background: #A5FFA5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.3 (2.37) </td> <td style="background: #C8FFC8; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">432.4 (17.02) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/National_Observatory_of_Athens" title="National Observatory of Athens">National Observatory of Athens</a> (Feb 2014 – Jul 2024), <a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> Neos Marmaras N.O.A station <a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> and <a href="/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organization" title="World Meteorological Organization">World Meteorological Organization</a><a href="#cite_note-WMO-56">[56]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regions_and_local_government">Regions and local government</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Macedonia_(Greece)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Regions and local government">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Topographic_map_of_Macedonia_(Greece).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Topographic_map_of_Macedonia_%28Greece%29.svg/300px-Topographic_map_of_Macedonia_%28Greece%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Topographic_map_of_Macedonia_%28Greece%29.svg/450px-Topographic_map_of_Macedonia_%28Greece%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Topographic_map_of_Macedonia_%28Greece%29.svg/600px-Topographic_map_of_Macedonia_%28Greece%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="802" data-file-height="570" /></a><figcaption>Topographic map of Macedonia</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Macedonia_(Greece)_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Macedonia_%28Greece%29_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.svg/300px-Macedonia_%28Greece%29_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Macedonia_%28Greece%29_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.svg/450px-Macedonia_%28Greece%29_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Macedonia_%28Greece%29_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.svg/600px-Macedonia_%28Greece%29_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="748" data-file-height="514" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> map of Macedonia</figcaption></figure> Since 1987 Macedonia has been divided into three <a href="/wiki/Modern_regions_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern regions of Greece">regions</a> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: περιφέρειες). These are <a href="/wiki/Western_Macedonia" title="Western Macedonia">Western Macedonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Macedonia" title="Central Macedonia">Central Macedonia</a>, and Eastern Macedonia, which is part of the region of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Macedonia_and_Thrace" title="Eastern Macedonia and Thrace">Eastern Macedonia and Thrace</a>. These three regions are subdivided into 14 <a href="/wiki/Regional_units_of_Greece" title="Regional units of Greece">regional units</a> (περιφερειακές ενότητες) which are in turn further divided into <a href="/wiki/Communities_and_Municipalities_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities and Municipalities of Greece">municipalities</a> (δήμοι – roughly equivalent to British <a href="/wiki/Shire" title="Shire">shires</a> or American Townships). They are overseen by the <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_the_Interior_and_Public_Order_(Greece)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister for the Interior and Public Order (Greece)">Ministry for the Interior</a>, while the <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Minister_for_Macedonia_and_Thrace" title="Deputy Minister for Macedonia and Thrace">Deputy Minister for Macedonia and Thrace</a> is responsible for the coordination and application of the government's policies in all three Macedonian regions.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> Prior to 1987 Macedonia was a single administrative and geographical unit. The heads of the various administrative units are elected. The last Greek local elections <a href="/wiki/2014_Greek_local_elections" title="2014 Greek local elections">were in 2014</a>, and saw <a href="/wiki/Apostolos_Tzitzikostas" title="Apostolos Tzitzikostas">Apostolos Tzitzikostas</a> elected regional governor of <a href="/wiki/Central_Macedonia" title="Central Macedonia">Central Macedonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giorgos_Pavlidis" title="Giorgos Pavlidis">Giorgos Pavlidis</a> in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Macedonia_and_Thrace" title="Eastern Macedonia and Thrace">Eastern Macedonia and Thrace</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodoros_Karypidis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theodoros Karypidis (page does not exist)">Theodoros Karypidis</a> in Western Macedonia. Tzitzikostas and Pavlidis are members of the <a href="/wiki/Centre-right_politics" title="Centre-right politics">centre-right</a> <a href="/wiki/New_Democracy_(Greece)" title="New Democracy (Greece)">New Democracy</a> party, while Karypidis is an <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independent</a>. Elections take place in a <a href="/wiki/Two-round_system" title="Two-round system">two-round system</a>, where the two candidates with the most votes face each other in a second round if no one has managed to get a <a href="/wiki/Majority" title="Majority">majority</a> of more than 50% of the votes in the first round. Regional councils, mayors, and other officials are also elected in this way. The next local elections will take place in 2019. The <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Minister_for_Macedonia_and_Thrace" title="Deputy Minister for Macedonia and Thrace">Deputy Minister for Macedonia and Thrace</a> is not an elected position, and is instead appointed at the pleasure of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Greece" title="Prime Minister of Greece">Prime Minister of Greece</a>. The current Deputy Minister in the <a href="/wiki/First_Cabinet_of_Kyriakos_Mitsotakis" title="First Cabinet of Kyriakos Mitsotakis">Cabinet of Kyriakos Mitsotakis</a> is <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stavros_Kalafatis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stavros Kalafatis (page does not exist)">Stavros Kalafatis</a> [<a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82" class="extiw" title="el:Σταύρος Καλαφάτης">el</a>] of <a href="/wiki/New_Democracy_(Greece)" title="New Democracy (Greece)">New Democracy</a>. The various <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Greece" title="Regions of Greece">regions of Greece</a> are also constituencies to the <a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Parliament" title="Hellenic Parliament">Hellenic Parliament</a>, and Macedonia is represented through its 66 members of parliament.<a href="#cite_note-mps-58">[58]</a> Thessaloniki is split into two constituencies, <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki_A_(Hellenic_Parliament_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thessaloniki A (Hellenic Parliament constituency)">Thessaloniki A</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki_B_(Hellenic_Parliament_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thessaloniki B (Hellenic Parliament constituency)">Thessaloniki B</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Grevena" title="Grevena">Grevena</a> is the smallest constituency with only 1 seat.<a href="#cite_note-mps-58">[58]</a> Thessaloniki A is the second-largest constituency in Greece with 16 MPs.<a href="#cite_note-mps-58">[58]</a> Macedonia is bordered by the neighbouring Greek regions of <a href="/wiki/Thessaly" title="Thessaly">Thessaly</a> to the south, <a href="/wiki/Western_Thrace" title="Western Thrace">Thrace</a> (part of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Macedonia_and_Thrace" title="Eastern Macedonia and Thrace">Eastern Macedonia and Thrace</a>) to the east, and <a href="/wiki/Epirus_(region)" title="Epirus (region)">Epirus</a> to the west. It also includes the autonomous <a href="/wiki/Monastic_community_of_Mount_Athos" title="Monastic community of Mount Athos">monastic community of Mount Athos</a>, which has existed as a religious sanctuary since the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>. The community of the <a href="/wiki/Mount_Athos" title="Mount Athos">mount Athos</a> is under the <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_jurisdiction" title="Ecclesiastical jurisdiction">ecclesiastical jurisdiction</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople">Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople</a> and is inaccessible to women, punishable by a penalty of <a href="/wiki/Incarceration" class="mw-redirect" title="Incarceration">incarceration</a> of up to twelve months.<a href="#cite_note-europarl_athos-59">[59]</a> This has been criticised by the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a>.<a href="#cite_note-europarl_athos-59">[59]</a> The territory of Mount Athos is a self-governing part of Greece, and the powers of the state are exercised through a governor appointed by the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Greece)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Greece)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a>. The <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> takes this special status into consideration, particularly on matters of taxation exemption and rights of installation.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> Macedonia borders the sovereign states of <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> to the north-west, <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a> to the north, and <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> to the north-east. The table below is a concise list of the various subdivisions of Macedonia: <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;"> <tbody><tr style="font-size:100%; text-align:left"> <th style="width:40px;">Map of Macedonia</th> <th colspan="2">Subdivisions as of 2011<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Macedonia_(Greece)&action=edit">[update]</a></th> <th>Capital</th> <th>Area</th> <th>Population<a href="#cite_note-census_2011-61">[61]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="20"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Macedonia_map_with_subdivisions.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Greek_Macedonia_map_with_subdivisions.svg/350px-Greek_Macedonia_map_with_subdivisions.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="350" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Greek_Macedonia_map_with_subdivisions.svg/525px-Greek_Macedonia_map_with_subdivisions.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Greek_Macedonia_map_with_subdivisions.svg/700px-Greek_Macedonia_map_with_subdivisions.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="736" data-file-height="737" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffcbcb;" rowspan="5"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="West Macedonia">West Macedonia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kozani" title="Kozani">Kozani</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">9,451 km2</td> <td style="text-align:right">283,689 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1. <a href="/wiki/Kastoria_(regional_unit)" title="Kastoria (regional unit)">Kastoria</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kastoria" title="Kastoria">Kastoria</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">1,720 km2</td> <td style="text-align:right">50,322 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2. <a href="/wiki/Florina_(regional_unit)" title="Florina (regional unit)">Florina</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Florina" title="Florina">Florina</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">1,924 km2</td> <td style="text-align:right">51,414 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3. <a href="/wiki/Kozani_(regional_unit)" title="Kozani (regional unit)">Kozani</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kozani" title="Kozani">Kozani</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">3,516 km2</td> <td style="text-align:right">150,196 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4. <a href="/wiki/Grevena_(regional_unit)" title="Grevena (regional unit)">Grevena</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grevena" title="Grevena">Grevena</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">2,291 km2</td> <td style="text-align:right">31,757 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#b9ffc5;" rowspan="8"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_Macedonia" title="Central Macedonia">Central Macedonia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">18,811 km2</td> <td style="text-align:right">1,882,108 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5. <a href="/wiki/Pella_(regional_unit)" title="Pella (regional unit)">Pella</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Edessa,_Greece" title="Edessa, Greece">Edessa</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">2,506 km2</td> <td style="text-align:right">139,680 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6. <a href="/wiki/Imathia" title="Imathia">Imathia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Veria" title="Veria">Veria</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">1,701 km2</td> <td style="text-align:right">140,611 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7. <a href="/wiki/Pieria_(regional_unit)" title="Pieria (regional unit)">Pieria</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Katerini" title="Katerini">Katerini</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">1,516 km2</td> <td style="text-align:right">126,698 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8. <a href="/wiki/Kilkis_(regional_unit)" title="Kilkis (regional unit)">Kilkis</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kilkis" title="Kilkis">Kilkis</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">2,519 km2</td> <td style="text-align:right">80,419 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9. <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki_(regional_unit)" title="Thessaloniki (regional unit)">Thessaloniki</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">3,683 km2</td> <td style="text-align:right">1,110,551 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10. <a href="/wiki/Chalkidiki" title="Chalkidiki">Chalkidiki</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Polygyros" title="Polygyros">Polygyros</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">2,918 km2</td> <td style="text-align:right">105,908 </td></tr> <tr> <td>11. <a href="/wiki/Serres_(regional_unit)" title="Serres (regional unit)">Serres</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Serres" title="Serres">Serres</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">3.968 km2</td> <td style="text-align:right">176,430 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ccf;" rowspan="4"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Macedonia_and_Thrace" class="mw-redirect" title="East Macedonia and Thrace">East Macedonia</a> (Part of <a href="/wiki/East_Macedonia_and_Thrace" class="mw-redirect" title="East Macedonia and Thrace">East Macedonia and Thrace</a>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kavala" title="Kavala">Kavala</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">5,579 km2</td> <td style="text-align:right">238,785 </td></tr> <tr> <td>12. <a href="/wiki/Drama_(regional_unit)" title="Drama (regional unit)">Drama</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Drama,_Greece" title="Drama, Greece">Drama</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">3,468 km2</td> <td style="text-align:right">98,287 </td></tr> <tr> <td>13. <a href="/wiki/Kavala_(regional_unit)" title="Kavala (regional unit)">Kavala</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kavala" title="Kavala">Kavala</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">1,728 km2</td> <td style="text-align:right">124,917 </td></tr> <tr> <td>14. <a href="/wiki/Thasos" title="Thasos">Thasos</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thasos_town" class="mw-redirect" title="Thasos town">Thasos</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">379 km2</td> <td style="text-align:right">13,770 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffeeaa;"></td> <td>15. <a href="/wiki/Mount_Athos" title="Mount Athos">Mount Athos</a> (autonomous)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Karyes_(Athos)" class="mw-redirect" title="Karyes (Athos)">Karyes</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">336 km2</td> <td style="text-align:right">1,811 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Macedonia (total)</th> <th style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a></th> <th style="text-align:right">34,177 km2</th> <th style="text-align:right">2,406,393 </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy_and_transport">Economy and transport</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Macedonia_(Greece)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Economy and transport">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Port_of_Thessaloniki.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Port_of_Thessaloniki.png/220px-Port_of_Thessaloniki.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Port_of_Thessaloniki.png/330px-Port_of_Thessaloniki.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Port_of_Thessaloniki.png/440px-Port_of_Thessaloniki.png 2x" data-file-width="948" data-file-height="505" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Thessaloniki" title="Port of Thessaloniki">port of Thessaloniki</a>, the major economic and industrial centre</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Egnatia_Odos.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Egnatia_Odos.JPG/220px-Egnatia_Odos.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Egnatia_Odos.JPG/330px-Egnatia_Odos.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Egnatia_Odos.JPG/440px-Egnatia_Odos.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>View of the <a href="/wiki/A2_motorway_(Greece)" title="A2 motorway (Greece)">A2 motorway</a> (Egnatia Odos)</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Greece" title="Economy of Greece">Economy of Greece</a> and <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Greece" title="Transport in Greece">Transport in Greece</a></div> The Gross Domestic Product of Macedonia peaked at €41.99 billion ($47.44 billion) in nominal value and €46.87 billion ($52.95 billion) in <a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">purchasing power parity</a> just before the <a href="/wiki/Great_Recession" title="Great Recession">Great Recession</a> in 2008;<a href="#cite_note-Eurostat_GDP-62">[62]</a> it has since then contracted to its lowest point in 2015, during the <a href="/wiki/Greek_government-debt_crisis" title="Greek government-debt crisis">Greek government-debt crisis</a>, to €30.85 billion ($34.85 billion) and €38.17 billion ($43.12 billion);<a href="#cite_note-Eurostat_GDP-62">[62]</a> a decrease of 26.5%. Greece exited its recession, which began in 2009, in 2016 but data from that year onward is not available for the whole of Macedonia; <a href="/wiki/Central_Macedonia" title="Central Macedonia">Central Macedonia</a> grew by 0.57% in real terms that year to €23.85 billion ($26.94 billion), while <a href="/wiki/Western_Macedonia" title="Western Macedonia">Western Macedonia</a> contracted by 10.6% to €3.85 billion ($4.35 billion).<a href="#cite_note-Eurostat_GDP-62">[62]</a> Almost half of the economy, 49%, is centred in the <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki_(regional_unit)" title="Thessaloniki (regional unit)">Thessaloniki regional unit</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Eurostat_GDP-62">[62]</a> which remained in a recession in 2015, declining by 0.4%.<a href="#cite_note-Eurostat_GDP-62">[62]</a> The recession had an impact on the per capita income of the region, especially when compared with the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> average. Western Macedonia, the region with the highest per capita income, saw it drop from 83% the EU average in 2008 to 59% in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-Eurostat_GDP-62">[62]</a> The per capita income of Macedonia in 2015 was €12,900 in nominal and €15,900 in purchasing power terms.<a href="#cite_note-Eurostat_GDP-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-Pops_for_GDP-63">[63]</a> The Macedonian economy is primarily <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Tertiary sector of the economy">service-based</a>, with services contributing €16.46 billion (60.4%) of the region's <a href="/wiki/Gross_value_added" title="Gross value added">gross value added</a> in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-gross_value_added-64">[64]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Secondary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Secondary sector of the economy">industrial</a> and <a href="/wiki/Primary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Primary sector of the economy">agricultural</a> sectors contributed €9.06 billion (33.3%) and €1.72 billion (6.3%) respectively.<a href="#cite_note-gross_value_added-64">[64]</a> The regional labour force was similarly mostly employed in services (60.4%), with industry and agriculture making up 25.6% and 14.0% of the labour force.<a href="#cite_note-employment-65">[65]</a> Macedonia is home to Greece's richest farmland,<a href="#cite_note-Britannica-2">[2]</a> and the region accounts for 9,859 square kilometres (3,807 sq mi) of the country's agricultural area (30% of total).<a href="#cite_note-agric_area_2009-66">[66]</a> Macedonia's agricultural production has historically been dominated by tobacco, with the <a href="/wiki/Cash_crop" title="Cash crop">cash crop</a> being grown in large quantities due to its value. Central and Western Macedonia still produce 41% of Greece's total tobacco, but it only represents 1.4% of these regions' agricultural production value.<a href="#cite_note-agric_production_2016-67">[67]</a> Nowadays the regional agricultural economy is centered around cereal, fruit, and <a href="/wiki/Industrial_crop" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrial crop">industrial crops</a>. Overall Central and Western Macedonia account for 25% of the value of Greek agricultural produce (including 41% of fruit and 43% cereal).<a href="#cite_note-agric_production_2016-67">[67]</a> A brand identity for products made in Macedonia, called "Macedonia the GReat", was launched in 2019 by the Greek government.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> The <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> considers most of Macedonia to be a less developed region of the Union for its 2014–2020 funding cycle,<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> and so the region has in recent years benefited from a number of <a href="/wiki/Megaproject" title="Megaproject">megaprojects</a> co-financed by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Greece" title="Government of Greece">Greek government</a> and the EU. These included the <a href="/wiki/A2_motorway_(Greece)" title="A2 motorway (Greece)">A2 motorway</a> (Egnatia Odos) <a href="/wiki/Controlled-access_highway" title="Controlled-access highway">freeway</a> (€5.93 billion)<a href="#cite_note-Egnatia-70">[70]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki_Metro" title="Thessaloniki Metro">Thessaloniki Metro</a> (€1.85 billion)<a href="#cite_note-Financial_Statement_2017-71">[71]</a> while the railway network has also been partly electrified, allowing <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a> to be linked with <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a> in 3.5 hours through a <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail" title="High-speed rail">high speed railway</a>.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Proastiakos_Thessaloniki" class="mw-redirect" title="Proastiakos Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki Suburban Railway</a> links the regional capital with <a href="/wiki/Florina" title="Florina">Florina</a>, in Western Macedonia, and <a href="/wiki/Larissa" title="Larissa">Larissa</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Thessaly" title="Thessaly">Thessaly</a>. <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki_Airport" title="Thessaloniki Airport">Thessaloniki Airport</a> is the third-busiest in the country,<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> and the Athens–Thessaloniki air route was the EU's tenth busiest in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> Macedonia's three other airports are <a href="/wiki/Kavala_International_Airport" title="Kavala International Airport">Kavala Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kozani_National_Airport" title="Kozani National Airport">Kozani Airport</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kastoria_National_Airport" title="Kastoria National Airport">Kastoria Airport</a>; the two busiest airports, Thessaloniki and Kavala, are operated by <a href="/wiki/Fraport" title="Fraport">Fraport</a>.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Thessaloniki" title="Port of Thessaloniki">Port of Thessaloniki</a> is Greece's second-largest in domestic freight and fourth-largest in international freight by tonnage,<a href="#cite_note-ports_domestic_2018-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-ports_international_2018-77">[77]</a> while <a href="/wiki/Kavala" title="Kavala">Kavala</a> is Macedonia's other major port. Macedonia, being a border region of an EU member state, benefits from EU programs promoting cross-border economic collaboration both between members of the Union (<a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>),<a href="#cite_note-keep_bulgaria-78">[78]</a> as well as the <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">Republic of North Macedonia</a>,<a href="#cite_note-keep_fyrom-79">[79]</a> an EU candidate country, and <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>.<a href="#cite_note-keep_albania-80">[80]</a> The EU invested €210 million ($237.24 million) in these three programmes for the 2014–2020 funding cycle.<a href="#cite_note-keep_bulgaria-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-keep_fyrom-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-keep_albania-80">[80]</a> A€10 billion ($11.3 billion) <a href="/wiki/Egnatia_Railway" title="Egnatia Railway">Egnatia Railway</a> crossing Macedonia and linking <a href="/wiki/Alexandroupoli" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandroupoli">Alexandroupoli</a> in <a href="/wiki/Western_Thrace" title="Western Thrace">Western Thrace</a> with <a href="/wiki/Igoumenitsa" title="Igoumenitsa">Igoumenitsa</a> in <a href="/wiki/Epirus_(region)" title="Epirus (region)">Epirus</a> was proposed to the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> in 2017 but remains in planning with a projected start date in 2019.<a href="#cite_note-egnatia_railway-81">[81]</a> If completed, the 565 km (351 mi)<a href="#cite_note-egnatia_railway-81">[81]</a> railway line will be Europe's largest rail <a href="/wiki/Megaproject" title="Megaproject">megaproject</a>.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Macedonia_(Greece)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Tourism">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Greece" title="Tourism in Greece">Tourism in Greece</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Halkidiki,DSC_1052.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Halkidiki%2CDSC_1052.jpg/200px-Halkidiki%2CDSC_1052.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Halkidiki%2CDSC_1052.jpg/300px-Halkidiki%2CDSC_1052.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Halkidiki%2CDSC_1052.jpg/400px-Halkidiki%2CDSC_1052.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4314" data-file-height="2876" /></a><figcaption>A beach in <a href="/wiki/Chalkidiki" title="Chalkidiki">Chalkidiki</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:File0028_Aliakmonas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/File0028_Aliakmonas.jpg/200px-File0028_Aliakmonas.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/File0028_Aliakmonas.jpg/300px-File0028_Aliakmonas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/File0028_Aliakmonas.jpg/400px-File0028_Aliakmonas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Polyphytos artificial lake on the <a href="/wiki/Haliacmon" title="Haliacmon">Haliacmon</a>, the longest river in Greece</figcaption></figure> Central Macedonia is the most popular tourist destination in Greece that is not an island, and its fourth overall, outperforming all other regions of the <a href="/wiki/Greek_mainland" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek mainland">Greek mainland</a> with 9.7 million overnight stays in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-Fig_2018-13">[13]</a> There were a further 2.1 million stays in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Macedonia_and_Thrace" title="Eastern Macedonia and Thrace">Eastern Macedonia and Thrace</a> and 294 thousand in <a href="/wiki/Western_Macedonia" title="Western Macedonia">Western Macedonia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Fig_2018-13">[13]</a> Macedonia is a diverse region which allows it to cater to a variety of different types of tourism.<a href="#cite_note-discover_greece-83">[83]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Chalkidiki" title="Chalkidiki">Chalkidiki</a> peninsula is Macedonia's most popular beach destination, combining 550 kilometres (340 mi) of sandy beaches with dense forests.<a href="#cite_note-discover_greece-83">[83]</a> There were 116 <a href="/wiki/Blue_Flag_beach" title="Blue Flag beach">Blue Flag beaches</a> in Macedonia in 2018, 85 of which were in Chalkidiki.<a href="#cite_note-blue_flags-84">[84]</a> Additionally, the region was home to three Blue Flag marinas and one sustainable boating tourism operator.<a href="#cite_note-blue_flags-84">[84]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kavala" title="Kavala">Kavala</a> is an important economic centre of Northern Greece, a center of commerce, tourism, fishing and oil-related activities. <a href="/wiki/Pieria_(regional_unit)" title="Pieria (regional unit)">Pieria</a> combines extensive plains, high mountains and sandy beaches and the region's beauty gives it a great potential for further tourist development. The island of <a href="/wiki/Thasos" title="Thasos">Thasos</a>, lying close to the coast of eastern Macedonia, is another tourist destination. Chalkidiki is home to <a href="/wiki/Mount_Athos" title="Mount Athos">Mount Athos</a>, which is an important centre of <a href="/wiki/Religious_tourism" title="Religious tourism">religious tourism</a>. The mountainous interior allows for <a href="/wiki/Hiking" title="Hiking">hiking</a> activities and <a href="/wiki/Adventure_sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Adventure sports">adventure sports</a>,<a href="#cite_note-lonely_planet-85">[85]</a> while <a href="/wiki/Ski_resort" title="Ski resort">ski resorts</a> like <a href="/wiki/Vasilitsa" title="Vasilitsa">Vasilitsa</a> also operate in the winter months.<a href="#cite_note-visit_greece-86">[86]</a> Macedonia is home to four of <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Greece" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Greece">Greece's 18 UNESCO World Heritage sites</a>. <a href="/wiki/Vergina" title="Vergina">Vergina</a> is best known as the site of ancient <a href="/wiki/Aegae_(Macedonia)" title="Aegae (Macedonia)">Aigai</a> (Αἰγαί, Aigaí, <a href="/wiki/Latinisation_of_names" title="Latinisation of names">Latinized</a>: Aegae), the first capital of <a href="/wiki/Macedon" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedon">Macedon</a>. Aigai has been awarded <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a> status. In 336 BC <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Macedon" title="Philip II of Macedon">Philip II</a> was assassinated in Aigai's theatre and his son, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a>, was proclaimed king. The most important recent finds were made in 1977 when the burial sites of several kings of Macedon were found, including the tomb of <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Macedon" title="Philip II of Macedon">Philip II of Macedon</a>. It is also the site of an extensive royal palace. <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_Royal_Tombs_of_Aigai_(Vergina)" title="Museum of the Royal Tombs of Aigai (Vergina)">The archaeological museum of Vergina</a> was built to house all the artifacts found at the site and is one of the most important museums in Greece. <a href="/wiki/Pella" title="Pella">Pella</a>, which replaced Aigai as the capital of Macedon in the fourth century BC, is also located in <a href="/wiki/Central_Macedonia" title="Central Macedonia">Central Macedonia</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Dion,_Pieria" title="Dion, Pieria">Dion</a> in Pieria and <a href="/wiki/Amphipolis" title="Amphipolis">Amphipolis</a>. <a href="/wiki/Philippi" title="Philippi">Philippi</a>, located in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Macedonia_and_Thrace" title="Eastern Macedonia and Thrace">eastern Macedonia</a>, is another UNESCO <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> These are important poles for <a href="/wiki/Cultural_tourism" title="Cultural tourism">cultural tourism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-lonely_planet-85">[85]</a> <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a> is home to numerous notable <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_architecture" title="Byzantine architecture">Byzantine monuments</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Paleochristian_and_Byzantine_monuments_of_Thessaloniki" title="Paleochristian and Byzantine monuments of Thessaloniki">Paleochristian and Byzantine monuments of Thessaloniki</a>, a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a>, as well as several <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a>, Ottoman and <a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Sephardic Jewish">Sephardic Jewish</a> structures. Apart from being the cultural centre of Macedonia, <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a> is also a hub for urban tourism and <a href="/wiki/Gastronomy" title="Gastronomy">gastronomy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-lonely_planet-85">[85]</a> Macedonia is also home to various lake and <a href="/wiki/Wetland" title="Wetland">wetland</a> tourist destinations.<a href="#cite_note-visit_greece-86">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Macedonia_(Greece)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Culture">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Greece" title="Culture of Greece">Culture of Greece</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Greeks" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Greeks">List of Greeks</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Macedonians_(Greek)" title="List of Macedonians (Greek)">List of Macedonians (Greek)</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Macedonia_(Greece)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Religion">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Solu%C5%88,_chr%C3%A1m_u_muzea_Makedonsk%C3%A9ho_utrpen%C3%AD.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Solu%C5%88%2C_chr%C3%A1m_u_muzea_Makedonsk%C3%A9ho_utrpen%C3%AD.jpg/220px-Solu%C5%88%2C_chr%C3%A1m_u_muzea_Makedonsk%C3%A9ho_utrpen%C3%AD.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Solu%C5%88%2C_chr%C3%A1m_u_muzea_Makedonsk%C3%A9ho_utrpen%C3%AD.jpg/330px-Solu%C5%88%2C_chr%C3%A1m_u_muzea_Makedonsk%C3%A9ho_utrpen%C3%AD.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Solu%C5%88%2C_chr%C3%A1m_u_muzea_Makedonsk%C3%A9ho_utrpen%C3%AD.jpg/440px-Solu%C5%88%2C_chr%C3%A1m_u_muzea_Makedonsk%C3%A9ho_utrpen%C3%AD.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4770" data-file-height="3178" /></a><figcaption>Saint Gregory Palamas Metropolitan Cathedral in <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Greece" title="Religion in Greece">Religion in Greece</a></div> The main religion in the Greek region of Macedonia is Christianity, with majority of population belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a>. In early centuries of Christianity, the see of <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a> became the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_diocese" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan diocese">metropolitan diocese</a> of the ancient Roman province of <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(Roman_province)" title="Macedonia (Roman province)">Macedonia</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Metropolis_of_Thessaloniki" title="Metropolis of Thessaloniki">archbishop of Thessaloniki</a> also became the senior ecclesiastical primate of the entire <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Illyricum" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Illyricum">Eastern Illyricum</a>, and in 535 his jurisdiction was reduced to the administrative territory of the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Macedonia" title="Diocese of Macedonia">Diocese of Macedonia</a>. In the 8th century, from <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Rome</a> it came under the jurisdiction of the <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarch_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople">Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople</a>, and remained the main ecclesiastical centre in the historical region of Macedonia throughout the Middle Ages, and up to the modern times.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENesbittOikonomides199151-88">[88]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Macedonian_cuisine">Macedonian cuisine</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Macedonia_(Greece)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Macedonian cuisine">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fanos.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Fanos.jpg/220px-Fanos.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Fanos.jpg/330px-Fanos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Fanos.jpg/440px-Fanos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="912" data-file-height="608" /></a><figcaption>Fanos, an old carnival custom of <a href="/wiki/Kozani" title="Kozani">Kozani</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_cuisine_(Greek)" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedonian cuisine (Greek)">Macedonian cuisine (Greek)</a></div> Contemporary Greek Macedonian cooking shares much with general <a href="/wiki/Greek_cuisine" title="Greek cuisine">Greek</a> and wider <a href="/wiki/Balkan_cuisine" title="Balkan cuisine">Balkan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_cuisine" title="Mediterranean cuisine">Mediterranean</a> cuisine, including dishes from the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_cuisine" title="Ottoman cuisine">Ottoman</a> past. Specific influences include dishes of the <a href="/wiki/Pontic_Greeks" title="Pontic Greeks">Pontic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aromanians" title="Aromanians">Aromanian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jews_of_Thessaloniki" class="mw-redirect" title="Jews of Thessaloniki">Sephardi Jewish</a> population. The mix of the different people inhabiting the region gave the name to the <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_salad" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedonian salad">Macedonian salad</a>.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Macedonian_music">Macedonian music</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Macedonia_(Greece)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Macedonian music">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Macedonia_(Greece)" title="Music of Macedonia (Greece)">Music of Macedonia (Greece)</a></div> Music of Macedonia is the music of the geographic region of Macedonia in <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>, which is a part of the <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Macedonia_(Greece)" title="Music of Macedonia (Greece)">music</a> of whole <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(region)" title="Macedonia (region)">region of Macedonia</a>. Notable element of the local folk music is the use of trumpets and <a href="/wiki/Koudounia" title="Koudounia">koudounia</a> (called chálkina in the local dialect). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Macedonia_(Greece)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Demographics">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Population_pyramid_of_Macedonia_(Greece).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Population_pyramid_of_Macedonia_%28Greece%29.svg/240px-Population_pyramid_of_Macedonia_%28Greece%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Population_pyramid_of_Macedonia_%28Greece%29.svg/360px-Population_pyramid_of_Macedonia_%28Greece%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Population_pyramid_of_Macedonia_%28Greece%29.svg/480px-Population_pyramid_of_Macedonia_%28Greece%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="526" data-file-height="385" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Population_pyramid" title="Population pyramid">Population pyramid</a> of Macedonia from the 2011 census</figcaption></figure> In 2011 the permanent population of the region stood at 2,406,393 residents,<a href="#cite_note-census_2011-61">[61]</a> a decrease from 2,422,533 in 2001.<a href="#cite_note-census_2001-90">[90]</a> As of 2017, the population of Macedonia is estimated to have further decreased to 2,382,857.<a href="#cite_note-Mac_Pop_2017-3">[3]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Greek_census_2011" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek census 2011">2011 Greek census</a> the capital city, <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a>, had an urban population of 824,676, up from 794,330 in 2001,<a href="#cite_note-census_2001-90">[90]</a> while its metropolitan population increased to over a million.<a href="#cite_note-census_2011-61">[61]</a> 281,458 people in Macedonia (or 12% of the population) were born in a foreign country, compared to 11.89% for the whole of Greece.<a href="#cite_note-census_2011_nationality-91">[91]</a> 51.32% of the population was female, and 48.68% male.<a href="#cite_note-census_2011_sex_and_age_groups-92">[92]</a> Like the rest of Greece Macedonia is faced with an aging population; the largest age group in the region is that of the over 70, at 15.59% of the population, while the 0–9 and 10–19 groups combined made up 20.25% of the population.<a href="#cite_note-census_2011_sex_and_age_groups-92">[92]</a> The largest urban centres in Macedonia in 2011 were: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1219497266">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> <div> <table style="font-size:88%;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 100%; border: 1px solid darkgray;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0.75em;"><div style="float:right; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div><div style="float:left; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div> <div style="height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;">Largest cities and towns in Macedonia (Greece) <div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Greek_census_2021" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek census 2021">Greek census 2021</a><a href="#cite_note-census_2021-93">[93]</a></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th>Rank </th> <th> </th> <th>Pop. </th> <th>Rank </th> <th> </th> <th>Pop.</th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Salonica-view-aerial.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Thessaloniki"><img alt="Thessaloniki" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Salonica-view-aerial.jpg/120px-Salonica-view-aerial.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Salonica-view-aerial.jpg/180px-Salonica-view-aerial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Salonica-view-aerial.jpg/240px-Salonica-view-aerial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Serres_overview.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Serres"><img alt="Serres" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Serres_overview.jpg/120px-Serres_overview.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Serres_overview.jpg/180px-Serres_overview.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Serres_overview.jpg/240px-Serres_overview.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Serres" title="Serres">Serres</a> </td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">802,572<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a></td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">11</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Oraiokastro" title="Oraiokastro">Oraiokastro</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">23,626 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Street_in_Katerini,_Greece.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Katerini"><img alt="Katerini" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Street_in_Katerini%2C_Greece.jpg/120px-Street_in_Katerini%2C_Greece.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Street_in_Katerini%2C_Greece.jpg/180px-Street_in_Katerini%2C_Greece.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Street_in_Katerini%2C_Greece.jpg/240px-Street_in_Katerini%2C_Greece.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="675" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Katerini" title="Katerini">Katerini</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Kavalapanorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kavala"><img alt="Kavala" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Kavalapanorama.jpg/120px-Kavalapanorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Kavalapanorama.jpg/180px-Kavalapanorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Kavalapanorama.jpg/240px-Kavalapanorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kavala" title="Kavala">Kavala</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Serres" title="Serres">Serres</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">59,260</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">12</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Thermi" title="Thermi">Thermi</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">19,602 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Katerini" title="Katerini">Katerini</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">59,189</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">13</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Naousa,_Imathia" title="Naousa, Imathia">Naousa</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">18,049 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kavala" title="Kavala">Kavala</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">54,065</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">14</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Edessa" title="Edessa">Edessa</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">17,848 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Drama_(Greece)" class="mw-redirect" title="Drama (Greece)">Drama</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">44,257</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">15</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Florina" title="Florina">Florina</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">17,188 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kozani" title="Kozani">Kozani</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">43,316</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">16</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Peraia,_Thessaloniki" title="Peraia, Thessaloniki">Peraia</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">16,995 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Veria" title="Veria">Veria</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">43,212</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">17</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kastoria" title="Kastoria">Kastoria</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">16,393 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaida" title="Ptolemaida">Ptolemaida</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">31,575</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">18</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandria, Greece">Alexandria</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">15,906 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Giannitsa" title="Giannitsa">Giannitsa</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">30,498</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">19</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Grevena" title="Grevena">Grevena</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">12,515 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kilkis" title="Kilkis">Kilkis</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">24,130</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">20</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Diavata" title="Diavata">Diavata</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">11,876 </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demographic_history">Demographic history</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Macedonia_(Greece)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Demographic history">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Demographic_history_of_Macedonia" title="Demographic history of Macedonia">Demographic history of Macedonia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ethnic_map_of_Balkans_-_german_1876.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Ethnic_map_of_Balkans_-_german_1876.jpg/220px-Ethnic_map_of_Balkans_-_german_1876.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Ethnic_map_of_Balkans_-_german_1876.jpg/330px-Ethnic_map_of_Balkans_-_german_1876.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Ethnic_map_of_Balkans_-_german_1876.jpg/440px-Ethnic_map_of_Balkans_-_german_1876.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2028" data-file-height="2004" /></a><figcaption>Ethnic map of the <a href="/wiki/Balkan" class="mw-redirect" title="Balkan">Balkans</a> in 1876, showing the mix of nationalities in Macedonia</figcaption></figure> The inhabitants of Greek Macedonia are nowadays overwhelmingly ethnic <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greeks</a>, and most are also <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church" title="Greek Orthodox Church">Greek Orthodox</a> Christians. From the Middle Ages to the early 20th century, the <a href="/wiki/Demographic_history_of_Macedonia" title="Demographic history of Macedonia">ethnic composition of the region of Macedonia</a> is characterised by uncertainty both about numbers and identification. The earliest estimation we have is from the Greek consulate of <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a> in 1884, which according to it the nowadays Greek region of Macedonia had 1,073,000 Greeks (Grecophones, Slavophones, Albanophones), 565,000 <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a>, 215,000 <a href="/wiki/Bulgarians" title="Bulgarians">Bulgarians</a> and 16,000 <a href="/wiki/Aromanians" title="Aromanians">Aromanians</a>.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> The 1904 <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> census of Hilmi Pasha people were assigned to ethnicity according which church/language they belonged, it recorded 373,227 Greeks in the <a href="/wiki/Vilayet_of_Sel%C3%A2nik" class="mw-redirect" title="Vilayet of Selânik">vilayet of Selânik</a> (<a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a>), 261,283 Greeks in the <a href="/wiki/Vilayet_of_Monastir" class="mw-redirect" title="Vilayet of Monastir">vilayet of Monastir</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bitola" title="Bitola">Bitola</a>) and 13,452 Greeks in the <a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosovo Vilayet">villayet of Kosovo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Gillespie89-96">[96]</a> Of those 648,962 Greeks by church, 307,000 identified as Greek speakers, while about 250,000 as Slavic speakers and 99,000 as "Vlach" (Aromanian or Megleno-Romanian).<a href="#cite_note-Shaw-97">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> However, these figures extend to territories both inside and outside of Greek Macedonia. Hugh Poulton, in his Who Are the Macedonians, notes that "assessing population figures is problematic"<a href="#cite_note-poulton8586-99">[99]</a> for the territory of Greek Macedonia before its incorporation into the Greek state in 1913.<a href="#cite_note-poulton8586-99">[99]</a> The area's remaining population was principally composed of <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turks" title="Ottoman Turks">Ottoman Turks</a> (including non-Turkish Muslims of mainly Bulgarian and Greek Macedonian convert origin) and also a sizeable community of mainly <a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Jews" title="Sephardic Jews">Sephardic Jews</a> (centred in Thessaloniki), and smaller numbers of <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Romani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albanians" title="Albanians">Albanians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aromanians" title="Aromanians">Aromanians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Megleno-Romanians" title="Megleno-Romanians">Megleno-Romanians</a>. When Macedonia was first incorporated in Greece in 1913, however, Greeks were a marginal plurality in the region.<a href="#cite_note-Greece,_Dimitri_Pentzopoulos_page_134-100">[100]</a> The treaties of <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Neuilly" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Neuilly">Neuilly</a> (1919) and <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lausanne" title="Treaty of Lausanne">Lausanne</a> (1923) mandated a forceful exchange of populations with Bulgaria and Turkey respectively, and some 776,000 <a href="/wiki/Greek_refugees" title="Greek refugees">Greek refugees</a> (mostly from Turkey) were resettled in Macedonia,<a href="#cite_note-Greece,_Dimitri_Pentzopoulos_page_134-100">[100]</a> displacing 300,000–400,000 non-Greeks who were forced to move as part of the population exchange.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> The population of ethnic minorities in Macedonia dropped from 48% of the total population in 1920 to 12% in 1928, with the <a href="/wiki/Great_Greek_Encyclopedia" title="Great Greek Encyclopedia">Great Greek Encyclopedia</a> noting in 1934 that those minorities that remained "do not yet possess a Greek <a href="/wiki/National_consciousness" class="mw-redirect" title="National consciousness">national consciousness</a>".<a href="#cite_note-gge-102">[102]</a> The population of Macedonia was greatly affected by the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, as it was militarily occupied by <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> while its ally, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Annexation" title="Annexation">annexed</a> eastern Macedonia. Germany administered its occupation zone by implementation of the <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Laws" title="Nuremberg Laws">Nuremberg Laws</a>,<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> which saw some 43,000–49,000 of Thessaloniki's 56,000 Jews exterminated in the <a href="/wiki/Auschwitz_concentration_camp" title="Auschwitz concentration camp">Auschwitz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bergen-Belsen_concentration_camp" title="Bergen-Belsen concentration camp">Bergen-Belsen concentration camps</a>.<a href="#cite_note-atlas_of_the_holocaust-104">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-Exodus-105">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-Times_of_Israel-106">[106]</a> In its own zone of annexation, Bulgaria actively persecuted the local Greek population with the help of Bulgarian collaborationists.<a href="#cite_note-loring-107">[107]</a> Further demographic change happened in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Greek_Civil_War" title="Greek Civil War">Greek Civil War</a>, when many Slavs of Macedonia who fought on the side of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Army_of_Greece" title="Democratic Army of Greece">Democratic Army of Greece</a> and fought to separate Greek Macedonia from the rest of Greece under the auspices of <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>, left Greece.<a href="#cite_note-loring-107">[107]</a> These expatriates were the primary source of <a href="/wiki/United_Macedonia" title="United Macedonia">ethnic Macedonian irredentism</a> and the appropriation of ancient Macedonian heritage.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regional_identity">Regional identity</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Macedonia_(Greece)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Regional identity">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Macedonians_(Greeks)" title="Macedonians (Greeks)">Macedonians (Greeks)</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apogevmatini_Macedonians.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/72/Apogevmatini_Macedonians.gif/180px-Apogevmatini_Macedonians.gif" decoding="async" width="180" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/72/Apogevmatini_Macedonians.gif/270px-Apogevmatini_Macedonians.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/72/Apogevmatini_Macedonians.gif 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="343" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Apogevmatini" title="Apogevmatini">Apogevmatini</a> headline quoting <a href="/wiki/Kostas_Karamanlis" title="Kostas Karamanlis">Kostas Karamanlis</a>: "I myself am a Macedonian, just as 2.5 million Greeks."</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Georgios_Tiligadis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Georgios_Tiligadis.jpg/160px-Georgios_Tiligadis.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Georgios_Tiligadis.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="187" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>A man in <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Struggle" title="Macedonian Struggle">Macedonomachos</a> uniform</figcaption></figure> Macedonians (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: Μακεδόνες, Makedónes <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greek" title="Help:IPA/Greek">[makeˈðones]</a>) is the term by which ethnic <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greeks</a> originating from the region are known.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-osce-110">[110]</a> Macedonians came to be of particular importance prior to the <a href="/wiki/Balkan_Wars" title="Balkan Wars">Balkan Wars</a>, during the <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Struggle" title="Macedonian Struggle">Macedonian Struggle</a>, when they were a minority population inside the multiethnic <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Greece" title="Ottoman Greece">Ottoman Macedonia</a>. The Macedonians now have a strong regional identity, manifested both in Greece and by emigrant groups in the <a href="/wiki/Greek_diaspora" title="Greek diaspora">Greek diaspora</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Liotta-111">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-theaustralianpeople-112">[112]</a> This sense of identity has been highlighted in the context of the <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_naming_dispute" title="Macedonia naming dispute">Macedonia naming dispute</a> in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Breakup of Yugoslavia">break-up of Yugoslavia</a>, in which Greece objected to its northern neighbour calling itself the "<a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Macedonia">Republic of Macedonia</a>". This objection is the direct result of this regional identity, and a matter of heritage for northern Greeks.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> A characteristic expression of this self-identification was manifested by Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Kostas_Karamanlis" title="Kostas Karamanlis">Kostas Karamanlis</a> at a meeting of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a> in <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a> in January 2007, declaring that "I myself am a Macedonian, and another two and a half million Greeks are Macedonians".<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> In the early-to-mid 20th century Greece was invaded by <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> three times with the aim of capturing portions Macedonia;<a href="#cite_note-roudometof-115">[115]</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Balkan_War" title="Second Balkan War">Second Balkan War</a>, during the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>, and during the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>. Additionally, <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> had promised <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a> to <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a> as a reward for joining the <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis powers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Thessaloniki_En_Thermo_Yugoslavia-116">[116]</a> The perceived existence of a foreign danger had a particularly strong effect on the emergence of a distinct regional identity in Macedonia.<a href="#cite_note-roudometof-115">[115]</a> The representation of the <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Struggle" title="Macedonian Struggle">Macedonian Struggle</a> in <a href="/wiki/Penelope_Delta" title="Penelope Delta">Penelope Delta</a>'s popular 1937 <a href="/wiki/Young_adult_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Young adult fiction">teen novel</a> Secrets of the Swamp solidified the image of the <a href="/wiki/Chauvinism" title="Chauvinism">chauvinist</a> clash between Greeks and Bulgarians in Macedonia in the minds of many Greeks.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> Bulgaria was specifically mentioned as the enemy in Greek Macedonia's unofficial anthem, <a href="/wiki/Famous_Macedonia" title="Famous Macedonia">Famous Macedonia</a>, the reference only being replaced by vague 'Barbarians' with the normalization of Greco-Bulgarian relations in the 1970s.<a href="#cite_note-roudometof-115">[115]</a> During the same period, <a href="/wiki/Manolis_Andronikos" title="Manolis Andronikos">Manolis Andronikos</a> made major <a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">archaeological</a> discoveries at <a href="/wiki/Vergina" title="Vergina">Aigai</a>, the first capital of <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)" title="Macedonia (ancient kingdom)">ancient Macedonia</a>, which included the tomb of <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Macedon" title="Philip II of Macedon">Phillip II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a>'s father.<a href="#cite_note-borza-118">[118]</a> His discoveries were drawn upon as evidence of ethnic and cultural links between the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Macedonians" title="Ancient Macedonians">ancient Macedonians</a> and southern <a href="/wiki/Polis" title="Polis">Greek city-states</a><a href="#cite_note-borza-118">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-osce-110">[110]</a> by Greeks in Macedonia. The distinct regional identity of Greek Macedonians is also the product of the fact that it was closer to the centres of power in both the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine">Byzantine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> period, was considered culturally, politically, and strategically more important than other parts of Greece during these two periods, and also the fact that the region had a far more ethnically and religiously diverse population in both the medieval and Ottoman periods. In the late Byzantine period Greek Macedonia had also been the centre of significant Byzantine successor states, such as the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Thessalonica" title="Kingdom of Thessalonica">Kingdom of Thessalonica</a>, the short-lived state established by the rival Byzantine emperor, <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Komnenos_Doukas" title="Theodore Komnenos Doukas">Theodore Komnenos Doukas</a>, and – in parts of western Macedonia – the <a href="/wiki/Despotate_of_Epirus" title="Despotate of Epirus">Despotate of Epirus</a>, all of which helped promote a distinct Greek Macedonian identity. In the contemporary period this is reinforced by Greek Macedonia's proximity to other states in the southern Balkans, the continuing existence of ethnic and religious minorities in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Macedonia_and_Thrace" title="Eastern Macedonia and Thrace">Eastern Macedonia and Thrace</a> not found in southern Greece, and the fact that migrants and refugees from elsewhere in the Balkans, southern Russia, and Georgia (including <a href="/wiki/Pontic_Greeks" title="Pontic Greeks">Pontic Greeks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Caucasus_Greeks" title="Caucasus Greeks">Caucasus Greeks</a> from northeastern <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/South_Caucasus" title="South Caucasus">south Caucasus</a>) have usually gravitated to Greek Macedonia rather than southern Greece. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages_and_minorities">Languages and minorities</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Macedonia_(Greece)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Languages and minorities">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Minorities_in_Greece" title="Minorities in Greece">Minorities in Greece</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Aromanians_in_Greece" title="Aromanians in Greece">Aromanians in Greece</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arvanites" title="Arvanites">Arvanites</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Megleno-Romanians" title="Megleno-Romanians">Megleno-Romanians</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:308px;max-width:308px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:South-Balkan-Romance-languages.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/South-Balkan-Romance-languages.png/150px-South-Balkan-Romance-languages.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/South-Balkan-Romance-languages.png/225px-South-Balkan-Romance-languages.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/South-Balkan-Romance-languages.png/300px-South-Balkan-Romance-languages.png 2x" data-file-width="3322" data-file-height="2372" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Vlahomeglen-map-en.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Vlahomeglen-map-en.png/150px-Vlahomeglen-map-en.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Vlahomeglen-map-en.png/225px-Vlahomeglen-map-en.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Vlahomeglen-map-en.png/300px-Vlahomeglen-map-en.png 2x" data-file-width="1052" data-file-height="764" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Right: The Megleno-Romanian and the Aromanian linguistic area. Left: Map of the Megleno-Romanians settlements.</div></div></div></div> <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> is the majority language throughout Greece today, with an estimated 5% of the population speaking a language other than Greek,<a href="#cite_note-europarl_lang-119">[119]</a> and is the only language of administration and education in the region. Greek is spoken universally in Greek Macedonia, even in the border regions where there is a strong presence of languages other than Greek.<a href="#cite_note-riki-120">[120]</a> The Greek government exhibits some tolerance toward the use of minority languages,<a href="#cite_note-europarl_lang-119">[119]</a> though Greece is one of the countries which has not signed the <a href="/wiki/European_Charter_for_Regional_or_Minority_Languages" title="European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages">European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages</a>;<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> a number of court cases have been brought to the attention of the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> regarding the suppression of minority linguistic rights.<a href="#cite_note-europarl_lang-119">[119]</a> Apart from Standard Modern Greek, a number of other <a href="/wiki/Varieties_of_Modern_Greek#Modern_varieties" title="Varieties of Modern Greek">Greek dialects</a> are spoken in Macedonia. This includes <a href="/wiki/Pontic_Greek" title="Pontic Greek">Pontic Greek</a>, a language spoken originally on the shores of the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a> in northeastern <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a>, as well as a dialect indigenous to Greek Macedonia and other parts of Northern Greece known as Sarakatsánika (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: Σαρακατσάνικα); spoken by the traditionally <a href="/wiki/Transhumance" title="Transhumance">transhumant</a> Greek subgroup of <a href="/wiki/Sarakatsani" title="Sarakatsani">Sarakatsani</a>.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> Macedonia is also home to an array of non-Greek languages. <a href="/wiki/Slavic_languages" title="Slavic languages">Slavic languages</a> are the most prevalent minority languages in the region, while <a href="/wiki/Aromanian_language" title="Aromanian language">Aromanian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arvanitic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arvanitic language">Arvanitic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Megleno-Romanian_language" title="Megleno-Romanian language">Megleno-Romanian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Romani_language" title="Romani language">Romani</a> are also spoken. <a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Spanish" title="Judaeo-Spanish">Judaeo-Spanish</a>, also known as Ladino, was historically the language of the Jewish community of Thessaloniki, although <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">the Holocaust</a> nearly eradicated the city's previously-vibrant Jewish community of 70,000 to a mere 3,000 individuals today.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:199_Neveska_View_from_the_Church.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/199_Neveska_View_from_the_Church.jpg/180px-199_Neveska_View_from_the_Church.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/199_Neveska_View_from_the_Church.jpg/270px-199_Neveska_View_from_the_Church.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/199_Neveska_View_from_the_Church.jpg/360px-199_Neveska_View_from_the_Church.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3008" /></a><figcaption>The Aromanian (Vlach) village of <a href="/wiki/Nymfaio" title="Nymfaio">Nymfaio</a>, example of traditional architecture</figcaption></figure> The exact size of the linguistic and ethnic minority groups in Macedonia is not known with any degree of scientific accuracy, as Greece has not conducted a census on the question of mother tongue since 1951. Aromanians form a minority population throughout much of Macedonia. They largely identify as Greeks and most belong to the Greek Orthodox Church, many refusing to be called a minority group.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> In the 1951 census they numbered 39,855 in all Greece (the number in Macedonia proper is unknown). Many Aromanian villages can be found along the slopes of the <a href="/wiki/Vermion_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Vermion Mountains">Vermion Mountains</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mount_Olympus" title="Mount Olympus">Mount Olympus</a>. Smaller numbers can be found in the <a href="/wiki/Prespes" title="Prespes">Prespes</a> region and near the <a href="/wiki/Gramos" title="Gramos">Gramos</a> mountains. Megleno-Romanians can be found in the <a href="/wiki/Moglena" class="mw-redirect" title="Moglena">Moglena</a> region of Macedonia. The <a href="/wiki/Megleno-Romanian_language" title="Megleno-Romanian language">Megleno-Romanian language</a> is traditionally spoken in the 11 Megleno-Romanian villages spread across Greece and the <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">Republic of North Macedonia</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Archangelos,_Pella" title="Archangelos, Pella">Archangelos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Notia" title="Notia">Notia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lagkadia,_Pella" title="Lagkadia, Pella">Lagkadia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Skra,_Kilkis" title="Skra, Kilkis">Skra</a>. They are generally adherents to the Orthodox Church while the former majority in Notia was Muslim. Arvanite communities exist in <a href="/wiki/Serres_(regional_unit)" title="Serres (regional unit)">Serres regional unit</a>, while many can also be found in Thessaloniki. There are three Arvanite villages in the Florina regional unit (<a href="/wiki/Drosopigi,_Florina" title="Drosopigi, Florina">Drosopigi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lechovo" title="Lechovo">Lechovo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flampouro,_Florina" title="Flampouro, Florina">Flampouro</a>) with others located in Kilkis and Thessaloniki regional units.<a href="#cite_note-Arvanites-125">[125]</a> Other minority groups include <a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Romani</a>. Romani communities are concentrated mainly around the city of Thessaloniki. An uncertain number of them live in Macedonia from the total of about 200,000–300,000 that live scattered on all <a href="/wiki/Roma_in_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Roma in Greece">the regions of Greece</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NCHR-Roma-126">[126]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ethnic_Macedonian_minority_and_language">Ethnic Macedonian minority and language</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Macedonia_(Greece)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Ethnic Macedonian minority and language">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Slavic-speakers_of_Greek_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavic-speakers of Greek Macedonia">Slavic-speakers of Greek Macedonia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Linguistic_minorities_in_Florina_and_Aridaia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Linguistic_minorities_in_Florina_and_Aridaia.svg/220px-Linguistic_minorities_in_Florina_and_Aridaia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Linguistic_minorities_in_Florina_and_Aridaia.svg/330px-Linguistic_minorities_in_Florina_and_Aridaia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Linguistic_minorities_in_Florina_and_Aridaia.svg/440px-Linguistic_minorities_in_Florina_and_Aridaia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="926" data-file-height="610" /></a><figcaption>Distribution of the <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a> and other languages in the Florina and Aridaia regions of Greek Macedonia</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian language</a>, a member of the <a href="/wiki/South_Slavic_languages" title="South Slavic languages">South Slavic languages</a> closely related to <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a>, is today spoken mostly in the <a href="/wiki/Regional_units_of_Greece" title="Regional units of Greece">regional units</a> of <a href="/wiki/Florina_(regional_unit)" title="Florina (regional unit)">Florina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pella_(regional_unit)" title="Pella (regional unit)">Pella</a>.<a href="#cite_note-europarl_lang-119">[119]</a> Due to the sensitivity of the use of term 'Macedonian', the language is <a href="/wiki/Euphemism" title="Euphemism">euphemistically</a> referred to as dópia (ντόπια, 'local') or nasi (<a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a>: наши or naši, 'our (language)').<a href="#cite_note-europarl_lang-119">[119]</a> The exact number of the minority is difficult to know as Greece has not collected data on languages as part of its census since 1951. The 1928 census listed 81,984 speakers of 'Slavomacedonian' in Greece,<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> but internal government documents from the 1930s put the number of Macedonian speakers in the Florina prefecture alone at 80,000 or 61% of the population.<a href="#cite_note-Danforth-128">[128]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Field_research" title="Field research">field study</a> conducted in 1993 in these two regions under the auspices of the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> found that of the 74 villages studied, Macedonian was spoken in various degrees of vitality in 49 villages and was the primary language in 15 villages.<a href="#cite_note-riki-120">[120]</a> To a lesser extent Macedonian is also present in the regional units of <a href="/wiki/Kastoria_(regional_unit)" title="Kastoria (regional unit)">Kastoria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imathia" title="Imathia">Imathia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kilkis_(regional_unit)" title="Kilkis (regional unit)">Kilkis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki_(regional_unit)" title="Thessaloniki (regional unit)">Thessaloniki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serres_(regional_unit)" title="Serres (regional unit)">Serres</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Drama_(regional_unit)" title="Drama (regional unit)">Drama</a>.<a href="#cite_note-europarl_lang-119">[119]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek language</a> remains dominant in all regions, even in those where Macedonian and other minority languages are present.<a href="#cite_note-riki-120">[120]</a> The total number of 'slavic speakers' in Greece is estimated to range between as low as 10,000 and as high as 300,000.<a href="#cite_note-transnational-129">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> Greece has had varied policies toward the Macedonian language. In 1925 the Greek government introduced the first Macedonian <a href="/wiki/Alphabet_book" title="Alphabet book">alphabet book</a>, known as the <a href="/wiki/Abecedar" title="Abecedar">Abecedar</a>, based on the Florina dialect of the language;<a href="#cite_note-Danforth-128">[128]</a> this never entered classrooms due to opposition from Serbia and Bulgaria, as well as an outcry against it in Greece.<a href="#cite_note-Danforth-128">[128]</a> Efforts to assimilate resulted in instances of populations rejecting their Slavic language, as in the village of Atropos in 1959, where the villagers took "the oath before God" to cease speaking the local Slavic idiom and to only speak Greek.<a href="#cite_note-Danforth-128">[128]</a> The Macedonian language has survived despite efforts by Greek authorities to <a href="/wiki/Cultural_assimilation" title="Cultural assimilation">assimilate</a> the population into the Greek majority. The vast number of Macedonian speakers are ethnic Greeks or possess a Greek <a href="/wiki/National_consciousness" class="mw-redirect" title="National consciousness">national consciousness</a>.<a href="#cite_note-europarl_lang-119">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-helsinki-132">[132]</a> It is difficult to ascertain the number of those with a different national consciousness, but estimates of the number of people within Greece that possess an <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_Macedonians" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic Macedonians">ethnic Macedonian</a> national identity range between 5,000 and 30,000.<a href="#cite_note-helsinki-132">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-transnational-129">[129]</a> Greece claims to respect the human rights of all its citizens, including the rights of individuals to self-identify, but also claims its policy of not recognising an ethnic Macedonian minority is based "on solid legal and factual grounds".<a href="#cite_note-council-133">[133]</a> However, reports by organisations such as the <a href="/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe" title="Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe">Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">United States Department of State</a> have all concluded that Greek authorities are actively discriminatory against the existence of a Macedonian language, minority, or national identity,<a href="#cite_note-council-133">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-osce-110">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> even if the situation has improved markedly.<a href="#cite_note-osce-110">[110]</a> An ethnic Macedonian political party, <a href="/wiki/Rainbow_(Greece)" title="Rainbow (Greece)">Rainbow</a>, has competed in <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Greece" title="Elections in Greece">Greek elections</a> for the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> since 1995.<a href="#cite_note-osce-110">[110]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Greece" title="2019 European Parliament election in Greece">2019 election</a> it received 6,364 votes or 0.11% of the national vote and came 35th in the results table, with most its support coming from Florina where it received 3.33% of the vote.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Jews_of_Thessaloniki_and_other_cities">Jews of Thessaloniki and other cities</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Macedonia_(Greece)&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Jews of Thessaloniki and other cities">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_of_Thessaloniki" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Jews of Thessaloniki">History of the Jews of Thessaloniki</a> and <a href="/wiki/Holocaust_Museum_of_Greece" title="Holocaust Museum of Greece">Holocaust Museum of Greece</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Salonique,_femme_juive,_19e_si%C3%A8cle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Salonique%2C_femme_juive%2C_19e_si%C3%A8cle.jpg/170px-Salonique%2C_femme_juive%2C_19e_si%C3%A8cle.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Salonique%2C_femme_juive%2C_19e_si%C3%A8cle.jpg/255px-Salonique%2C_femme_juive%2C_19e_si%C3%A8cle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Salonique%2C_femme_juive%2C_19e_si%C3%A8cle.jpg/340px-Salonique%2C_femme_juive%2C_19e_si%C3%A8cle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="743" /></a><figcaption>Jewish woman from Thessaloniki, gravour of late 19th century</figcaption></figure> Northern Greece has had Jewish communities since ancient times, including the historically-significant and Greek-speaking <a href="/wiki/Romaniotes" class="mw-redirect" title="Romaniotes">Romaniote</a> community. During the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> era Thessaloniki became the centre of a <a href="/wiki/Sephardi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sephardi">Sephardi</a> community which comprised more than half the city's population, as Ottoman authorities invited Jews who had been expelled from <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Castille" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Castille">Castille</a> in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Alhambra_Decree" title="Alhambra Decree">Alhambra Decree</a> of 1492 to resettle in the Ottoman Empire. The community nicknamed the city la madre de Israel (the mother of Israel)<a href="#cite_note-Holocaust-136">[136]</a> and Jerusalem of the Balkans,<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> and brought with it the <a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Spanish" title="Judaeo-Spanish">Judaeo-Spanish</a>, or Ladino, language which became the mother tongue of Thessaloniki Jews.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> By the 1680s about 300 families of Sephardi followers of <a href="/wiki/Sabbatai_Zevi" title="Sabbatai Zevi">Sabbatai Zevi</a> had converted to <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, becoming a sect known as the <a href="/wiki/D%C3%B6nmeh" title="Dönmeh">Dönmeh</a> (converts), and migrated to Thessaloniki, whose population was by that time majority-Jewish. They established an active community that thrived for about 250 years. Many of their descendants later became prominent in trade.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> Thessaloniki Jews later became pioneers of <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialism</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Trade_unionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade unionism">labour movement</a> in Greece. Between the 15th and early 20th centuries, Thessaloniki was the only city in Europe where Jews were a majority of the population.<a href="#cite_note-executive_summary-140">[140]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Great_Thessaloniki_Fire_of_1917" title="Great Thessaloniki Fire of 1917">Great Thessaloniki Fire of 1917</a> destroyed much of the city and left 50,000 Jews homeless.<a href="#cite_note-History-141">[141]</a> Many Jews emigrated to the United States, Palestine, and Paris after the loss of their livelihoods, being unable to wait for the government to create a new urban plan for rebuilding, which was eventually done.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> The aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Greco-Turkish_War_(1919%E2%80%931922)" title="Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)">Greco-Turkish War</a> and the expulsion of Greeks from Turkey saw nearly 100,000 ethnic Greeks resettled in Thessaloniki, reducing the proportion of Jews in the total community. Following the demographic shift, Jews made up about 20% of the city's population. During the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Greece_(1923%E2%80%931940)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Greece (1923–1940)">interwar period</a>, Greece granted the Jews the same <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil rights">civil rights</a> as other Greek citizens.<a href="#cite_note-History-141">[141]</a> In March 1926, Greece re-emphasised that all citizens of Greece enjoyed equal rights, and a considerable proportion of the city's Jews decided to stay. <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Synagogue_in_Veria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/The_Synagogue_in_Veria.jpg/180px-The_Synagogue_in_Veria.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/The_Synagogue_in_Veria.jpg/270px-The_Synagogue_in_Veria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/The_Synagogue_in_Veria.jpg/360px-The_Synagogue_in_Veria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="801" /></a><figcaption>The Jewish synagogue of <a href="/wiki/Veria" title="Veria">Veria</a></figcaption></figure> According to <a href="/wiki/Misha_Glenny" title="Misha Glenny">Misha Glenny</a>, such Greek Jews had largely not encountered "anti-Semitism as in its North European form".<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> Though antisemitism was used both by the <a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Metaxas" title="Ioannis Metaxas">Metaxas</a> dictatorship and by newspapers such as <a href="/wiki/Makedonia_(newspaper)" title="Makedonia (newspaper)">Makedonia</a> as part of the wider mechanism for identifying leftists, Greek Jews were either neutral or supportive of Metaxas.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> By the 1940s, the great majority of the Jewish Greek community firmly identified as both Greek and Jewish. <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> was disastrous for Greek Jews; the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Greece">Battle of Greece</a> saw Greek Macedonia occupied by <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>, with the latter occupying much of <a href="/wiki/Central_Macedonia" title="Central Macedonia">Central Macedonia</a> and implementing the <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Laws" title="Nuremberg Laws">Nuremberg Laws</a> against the Jewish population. Greeks of the Resistance and Italian forces (before 1943) tried to protect the Jews and managed to save some.<a href="#cite_note-Holocaust-136">[136]</a> In 1943 the Nazis began actions against the Jews in Thessaloniki, forcing them into a <a href="/wiki/Ghetto" title="Ghetto">ghetto</a> near the railroad lines and beginning their deportation to <a href="/wiki/Nazi_concentration_camps" title="Nazi concentration camps">concentration camps</a> in German-occupied territories. They deported 56,000 of the city's Jews, by use of 19 <a href="/wiki/Holocaust_train" class="mw-redirect" title="Holocaust train">Holocaust trains</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Auschwitz_concentration_camp" title="Auschwitz concentration camp">Auschwitz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bergen-Belsen_concentration_camp" title="Bergen-Belsen concentration camp">Bergen-Belsen</a> concentration camps, where 43,000–49,000 of them were killed.<a href="#cite_note-atlas_of_the_holocaust-104">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-Exodus-105">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-Times_of_Israel-106">[106]</a> Today, a community of around 1,200 remains in the city.<a href="#cite_note-Holocaust-136">[136]</a> Communities of descendants of Thessaloniki Jews – both Sephardic and Romaniote – live in other areas, mainly the United States and Israel.<a href="#cite_note-Holocaust-136">[136]</a> Other cities of Greek Macedonia with significant Jewish population (Romaniote or Sephardi) in the past included <a href="/wiki/Veria" title="Veria">Veria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kavala" title="Kavala">Kavala</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kastoria" title="Kastoria">Kastoria</a>. <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Macedonia_(Greece)&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Europe" title="Portal:Europe">Europe portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/32px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/48px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/64px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:European_Union" title="Portal:European Union">European Union portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/32px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/48px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/64px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Greece" title="Portal:Greece">Greece portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geographic_regions_of_Greece" title="Geographic regions of Greece">Geographic regions of Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Macedonians_(Greek)" title="List of Macedonians (Greek)">List of Macedonians (Greek)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonians_(Greeks)" title="Macedonians (Greeks)">Macedonians (Greeks)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)" title="Macedonia (ancient kingdom)">Macedonia (ancient kingdom)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(region)" title="Macedonia (region)">Macedonia (region)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(terminology)" title="Macedonia (terminology)">Macedonia (terminology)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Macedonia_(Greece)&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Determination_of_the_Regions-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Determination_of_the_Regions_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Determination_of_the_Regions_1-1">b</a> Π.Δ. 51/87 "Καθορισμός των Περιφερειών της Χώρας για το σχεδιασμό κ.λ.π. της Περιφερειακής Ανάπτυξης" ("Determination of the Regions of the Country for the planning etc. of the development of the regions", <a href="/wiki/Efimeris_tis_Kyverniseos" class="mw-redirect" title="Efimeris tis Kyverniseos">Efimeris tis Kyverniseos</a> ΦΕΚ A 26/06.03.1987 </li> <li id="cite_note-Britannica-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_2-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation 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a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/354264/Macedonia">"Macedonia"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. www.britannica.com. Retrieved 27 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Macedonia&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pub=www.britannica.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F354264%2FMacedonia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacedonia+%28Greece%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mac_Pop_2017-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mac_Pop_2017_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mac_Pop_2017_3-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=demo_r_pjanind3&lang=en">"Population: Structure indicators by NUTS 3 region"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Eurostat" title="Eurostat">Eurostat</a>. Retrieved 27 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population%3A+Structure+indicators+by+NUTS+3+region&rft.pub=Eurostat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fappsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu%2Fnui%2Fshow.do%3Fdataset%3Ddemo_r_pjanind3%26lang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacedonia+%28Greece%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> Roy E. H. Mellor, Eastern Europe: A Geography of the Comecon Countries, Macmillan International Higher Education, 1975, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1349155594" title="Special:BookSources/1349155594">1349155594</a>, p. 62. </li> <li id="cite_note-Thomas2010-5"><a href="#cite_ref-Thomas2010_5-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas2010" class="citation book cs1">Thomas, Carol G. (2010). "The Physical Kingdom". In Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (eds.). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 65–80. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-7936-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-7936-2"><bdi>978-1-4051-7936-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Physical+Kingdom&rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+Ancient+Macedonia&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=65-80&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-7936-2&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Carol+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacedonia+%28Greece%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> "What is often overlooked is how Bulgarians and Greeks collaborated unknowingly from the middle decades of the 19th century onward in breathing new life into the geographical name Macedonia, which was all but forgotten during the Byzantine and Ottoman periods. In the late Ottoman period, Macedonia as such did not exist as an administrative unit in the empire... Greek nationalism, fixated on the continuity between ancient and modern Hellenes, was keen to project the name Macedonia as a way to assert the Greek historical character of the area. In 1845, for instance, the story of Alexander was published in a Slavo-Macedonian dialect scripted in Greek characters... For their part, Bulgarian nationalists readily accepted Macedonia as a regional denomination... Macedonia had become one of the historic Bulgarian lands... and Macedonian Bulgarian turned into a standard phrase." Dimitar Bechev, Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Macedonia, Scarecrow Press, 2009, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0810862956" title="Special:BookSources/0810862956">0810862956</a>, Introduction, p. VII. </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> "In the early 19th c. the modern Greeks with their Western-derived obsession with antiquity played a crucial role in reviving the classical name 'Macedonia' in the popular consciousness of the Balkan peoples. For a thousand years before that the name 'Macedonia' had meant different things for Westerners and Balkan Christians: for Westerners it always denoted the territories of the ancient Macedonians, but for the Greeks and all other Balkan Christians the name 'Macedonia' – if at all used – covered the territories of the former Byzantine theme 'Macedonia', situated between Adrianople (Edrine) and the river Nestos (Mesta) in classical and present-day Thrace. The central and northern parts of present-day 'geographic Macedonia' were traditionally called either 'Bulgaria' and 'Lower Moesia', but within a generation after Greek independence (gained in 1830) these names were replaced by 'Macedonia' in the minds of both Greeks and non-Greeks." Drezov K. (1999) "Macedonian identity: an overview of the major claims". In: Pettifer J. (eds) The New Macedonian Question. St Antony's Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0230535798" title="Special:BookSources/0230535798">0230535798</a>, pp. 50–51. </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> "In 1813 Macedonia did not exist. A century later, it had become a hotly contested nationalist cause, a battlefield, and an obsession. What led to this dramatic transformation was modernity: a chilly wind of West European provenance that propelled to the Balkans concepts that few in the region understood, wanted or cared about. Among these, the idea of nationalism was the most potent, and the most lethal. Before the 1850s, Macedonia was a poverty-stricken province of the Ottoman Empire, where an Orthodox Christian and mostly peasant population speaking a variety of Slavonic idioms, Greek, or Vlach, was trying to eke out a modest living, and protect it from rapacious brigands and a decaying Ottoman administrative system. Religion was the only collective identity that most of them could make sense of, for ethnicity and language played little role in shaping their loyalties. But the winds of change quickly gathered momentum, and eventually shattered that multi-ethnic community, producing a 'Greek', or a 'Bulgarian', out of a 'Christian'." D. Livanios' "review of Vemund Aarbakke, Ethnic Rivalry and the Quest for Macedonia, 1870–1913" in The Slavonic and East European Review, Vol. 83, No. 1 (Jan. 2005), pp. 141–142 </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> The ancient name "Macedonia" disappeared during the period of Ottoman rule and was only restored in the nineteenth century originally as geographical term. John Breuilly, The Oxford Handbook of the History of Nationalism, Oxford University Press, 2013, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0199209197" title="Special:BookSources/0199209197">0199209197</a>, p. 192. </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> The region was not called "Macedonia" by the Ottomans, and the name "Macedonia" gained currency together with the ascendance of rival nationalism. Victor Roudometof, Collective Memory, National Identity, and Ethnic Conflict: Greece, Bulgaria, and the Macedonian Question, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0275976483" title="Special:BookSources/0275976483">0275976483</a>, p. 89. </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> The Greeks were among the first to define these lands since the beginning of the 19th century. For educated Greeks, Macedonia was the historical Greek land of kings Philip and Alexander the Great. John S. Koliopoulos, Thanos M. Veremis, Modern Greece: A History since 1821. A New History of Modern Europe, John Wiley & Sons, 2009, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1444314831" title="Special:BookSources/1444314831">1444314831</a>, p. 48. </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVakalopoulos1981" class="citation book cs1">Vakalopoulos, Apostolos (1981). Emmanouil Papas: Leader and Defender of Macedonia, The History and the Archive of His Family.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Emmanouil+Papas%3A+Leader+and+Defender+of+Macedonia%2C+The+History+and+the+Archive+of+His+Family&rft.date=1981&rft.aulast=Vakalopoulos&rft.aufirst=Apostolos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacedonia+%28Greece%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fig_2018-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fig_2018_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fig_2018_13-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fig_2018_13-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statistics.gr/documents/20181/1515741/GreeceInFigures_2018Q4_EN.pdf/e64eb95a-766b-4540-847b-43dd555b5aa4">"Greece in Figures 2018"</a>. www.statistics.gr. <a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Statistical_Authority" title="Hellenic Statistical Authority">Hellenic Statistical Authority</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.statistics.gr&rft.atitle=Greece+in+Figures+2018&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistics.gr%2Fdocuments%2F20181%2F1515741%2FGreeceInFigures_2018Q4_EN.pdf%2Fe64eb95a-766b-4540-847b-43dd555b5aa4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacedonia+%28Greece%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiddellScott" class="citation web cs1">Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2364599">"Μακεδονία"</a>. A Greek-English Lexicon. <a href="/wiki/Perseus_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Perseus Project">Perseus Project</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=A+Greek-English+Lexicon&rft.atitle=%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B5%CE%B4%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1&rft.aulast=Liddell&rft.aufirst=Henry+George&rft.au=Scott%2C+Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fptext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0057%253Aentry%253D%252364599&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacedonia+%28Greece%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Macedonia-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Macedonia_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Macedonia_15-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarper" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Harper, Douglas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Macedonia">"Macedonia"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Online_Etymology_Dictionary" title="Online Etymology Dictionary">Online Etymology Dictionary</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Macedonia&rft.btitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fterm%3DMacedonia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacedonia+%28Greece%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-poulton44-16"><a href="#cite_ref-poulton44_16-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoulton1995" class="citation book cs1">Poulton, Hugh (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j_NbmSoRsRcC&q=Macedones&pg=PA1">Who are the Macedonians?</a>. Hurst. p. 44. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781850652380" title="Special:BookSources/9781850652380"><bdi>9781850652380</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who+are+the+Macedonians%3F&rft.pages=44&rft.pub=Hurst&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9781850652380&rft.aulast=Poulton&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dj_NbmSoRsRcC%26q%3DMacedones%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacedonia+%28Greece%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeekes2010" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Pre-Greek_substrate" title="Pre-Greek substrate">Beekes, Robert</a> (2010), Etymological Dictionary of Greek, vol. II, Leiden, Boston: Brill, p. 894</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Etymological+Dictionary+of+Greek&rft.place=Leiden%2C+Boston&rft.pages=894&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Beekes&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacedonia+%28Greece%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_Decker2016" class="citation journal cs1">De Decker, Filip (2016). "An Etymological Case Study on the and Vocabulary in Robert Beekes's New Etymological Dictionary of Greek". Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis. 133 (2). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4467%2F20834624SL.16.006.5152">10.4467/20834624SL.16.006.5152</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studia+Linguistica+Universitatis+Iagellonicae+Cracoviensis&rft.atitle=An+Etymological+Case+Study+on+the+and+Vocabulary+in+Robert+Beekes%27s+New+Etymological+Dictionary+of+Greek&rft.volume=133&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4467%2F20834624SL.16.006.5152&rft.aulast=De+Decker&rft.aufirst=Filip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacedonia+%28Greece%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerlès2001" class="citation book cs1">Perlès, Catherine (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LQQ3tx5_t7QC&q=sesklo">The Early Neolithic in Greece: The First Farming Communities in Europe</a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521000277" title="Special:BookSources/9780521000277"><bdi>9780521000277</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Early+Neolithic+in+Greece%3A+The+First+Farming+Communities+in+Europe&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9780521000277&rft.aulast=Perl%C3%A8s&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLQQ3tx5_t7QC%26q%3Dsesklo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacedonia+%28Greece%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMerceron2005" class="citation journal cs1">Merceron, G. 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NSSG. statistics.gr. 2001. Retrieved 26 December 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NSSG&rft.atitle=National+Statistical+Service+of+Greece&rft.date=2001&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistics.gr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacedonia+%28Greece%29" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090318065626/http://www.statistics.gr/gr_tables/S1101_SAP_1_TB_DC_01_03_Y.pdf">"2001 census"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statistics.gr/gr_tables/S1101_SAP_1_TB_DC_01_03_Y.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 18 March 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2001+census&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistics.gr%2Fgr_tables%2FS1101_SAP_1_TB_DC_01_03_Y.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacedonia+%28Greece%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-census_2011_nationality-91"><a href="#cite_ref-census_2011_nationality_91-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statistics.gr/el/statistics?p_p_id=documents_WAR_publicationsportlet_INSTANCE_VBZOni0vs5VJ&p_p_lifecycle=2&p_p_state=normal&p_p_mode=view&p_p_cacheability=cacheLevelPage&p_p_col_id=column-2&p_p_col_count=4&p_p_col_pos=2&_documents_WAR_publicationsportlet_INSTANCE_VBZOni0vs5VJ_javax.faces.resource=document&_documents_WAR_publicationsportlet_INSTANCE_VBZOni0vs5VJ_ln=downloadResources&_documents_WAR_publicationsportlet_INSTANCE_VBZOni0vs5VJ_documentID=310564&_documents_WAR_publicationsportlet_INSTANCE_VBZOni0vs5VJ_locale=el">"Β02. Μόνιμος πληθυσμός κατά τόπο γέννησης (Δήμος, χώρα εξωτερικού)–Δήμοι"</a> [B02. Permanent population by place of birth (Municipality, foreign country)–Municipalities]. <a href="/wiki/Greek_census_2011" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek census 2011">Greek census 2011</a>. Hellenic Statistical Authority. 2011. Retrieved 8 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Greek+census+2011&rft.atitle=%CE%9202.+%CE%9C%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82+%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%B8%CF%85%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82+%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AC+%CF%84%CF%8C%CF%80%CE%BF+%CE%B3%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82+%28%CE%94%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82%2C+%CF%87%CF%8E%CF%81%CE%B1+%CE%B5%CE%BE%CF%89%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%8D%29%E2%80%93%CE%94%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%B9&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistics.gr%2Fel%2Fstatistics%3Fp_p_id%3Ddocuments_WAR_publicationsportlet_INSTANCE_VBZOni0vs5VJ%26p_p_lifecycle%3D2%26p_p_state%3Dnormal%26p_p_mode%3Dview%26p_p_cacheability%3DcacheLevelPage%26p_p_col_id%3Dcolumn-2%26p_p_col_count%3D4%26p_p_col_pos%3D2%26_documents_WAR_publicationsportlet_INSTANCE_VBZOni0vs5VJ_javax.faces.resource%3Ddocument%26_documents_WAR_publicationsportlet_INSTANCE_VBZOni0vs5VJ_ln%3DdownloadResources%26_documents_WAR_publicationsportlet_INSTANCE_VBZOni0vs5VJ_documentID%3D310564%26_documents_WAR_publicationsportlet_INSTANCE_VBZOni0vs5VJ_locale%3Del&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacedonia+%28Greece%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-census_2011_sex_and_age_groups-92">^ <a href="#cite_ref-census_2011_sex_and_age_groups_92-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-census_2011_sex_and_age_groups_92-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statistics.gr/el/statistics?p_p_id=documents_WAR_publicationsportlet_INSTANCE_VBZOni0vs5VJ&p_p_lifecycle=2&p_p_state=normal&p_p_mode=view&p_p_cacheability=cacheLevelPage&p_p_col_id=column-2&p_p_col_count=4&p_p_col_pos=2&_documents_WAR_publicationsportlet_INSTANCE_VBZOni0vs5VJ_javax.faces.resource=document&_documents_WAR_publicationsportlet_INSTANCE_VBZOni0vs5VJ_ln=downloadResources&_documents_WAR_publicationsportlet_INSTANCE_VBZOni0vs5VJ_documentID=310563&_documents_WAR_publicationsportlet_INSTANCE_VBZOni0vs5VJ_locale=el">"Β01. Μόνιμος πληθυσμός κατά φύλο, ομάδες ηλικιών και τόπο γέννησης (Περιφερειακή ενότητα, χώρα εξωτερικού)–Περιφερειακές Ενότητες"</a> [B01. Permanent population by sex, age groups, and place of birth (regional unit, foreign country)–Regional units]. <a href="/wiki/Greek_census_2011" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek census 2011">Greek census 2011</a>. Hellenic Statistical Authority. 2011. Retrieved 8 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Greek+census+2011&rft.atitle=%CE%9201.+%CE%9C%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82+%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%B8%CF%85%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82+%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AC+%CF%86%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%BF%2C+%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B5%CF%82+%CE%B7%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B9%CF%8E%CE%BD+%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9+%CF%84%CF%8C%CF%80%CE%BF+%CE%B3%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82+%28%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%86%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%AE+%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B1%2C+%CF%87%CF%8E%CF%81%CE%B1+%CE%B5%CE%BE%CF%89%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%8D%29%E2%80%93%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%86%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%82+%CE%95%CE%BD%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%82&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistics.gr%2Fel%2Fstatistics%3Fp_p_id%3Ddocuments_WAR_publicationsportlet_INSTANCE_VBZOni0vs5VJ%26p_p_lifecycle%3D2%26p_p_state%3Dnormal%26p_p_mode%3Dview%26p_p_cacheability%3DcacheLevelPage%26p_p_col_id%3Dcolumn-2%26p_p_col_count%3D4%26p_p_col_pos%3D2%26_documents_WAR_publicationsportlet_INSTANCE_VBZOni0vs5VJ_javax.faces.resource%3Ddocument%26_documents_WAR_publicationsportlet_INSTANCE_VBZOni0vs5VJ_ln%3DdownloadResources%26_documents_WAR_publicationsportlet_INSTANCE_VBZOni0vs5VJ_documentID%3D310563%26_documents_WAR_publicationsportlet_INSTANCE_VBZOni0vs5VJ_locale%3Del&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacedonia+%28Greece%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-census_2021-93"><a href="#cite_ref-census_2021_93-0">^</a> Cite error: The named reference <code>census 2021</code> was invoked but never defined (see the <a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_references_no_text" title="Help:Cite errors/Cite error references no text">help page</a>).</li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> Thessaloniki is an urban area defined in 1985 through Law 1561/1985. Since the <a href="/wiki/Kallikratis_Plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kallikratis Plan">Kallikratis reform</a> it has been made up of the municipalities of Thessaloniki (325,182), Kalamaria (91,518), Neapoli–Sykies (84,741), Pavlos Melas (99,245), Kordelio–Evosmos (101,753), Ampelokipoi–Menemeni (52,127), and the municipal units of Pylaia and Panorama (34,625 and 17,444; part of the municipality of Pylaia–Chortiatis). The Thessaloniki metropolitan area was defined by the same law and is made up of the Urban area plus the municipalities of Delta (45,839), Oraiokastro (38,317), Thermaikos (50,264), Thermi (53,201), and the municipal unit of Chortiatis (18,041; part of the municipality of Pylaia–Chortiatis), for a total of 1,030,338. See <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.et.gr/idocs-nph/search/pdfViewerForm.html?args=5C7QrtC22wHO1H1f3wMBQHdtvSoClrL8xsqFXEcDVXt5MXD0LzQTLWPU9yLzB8V68knBzLCmTXKaO6fpVZ6Lx9hLslJUqeiQYnJ0rXgB9l_ZIK4zLb8ji7AGLfboDNaz61qOy2y3UGw."><bdi lang="el">Εφημερίς της Κυβερνήσεως της Ελληνικής Δημοκρατίας</bdi></a> [<a href="/wiki/Government_Gazette_(Greece)" title="Government Gazette (Greece)">Government Gazette</a> of the Hellenic Republic] (in Greek). Athens: National Printing House. 6 September 1985. p. 2332. Retrieved 10 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%CE%95%CF%86%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AF%CF%82+%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82+%CE%9A%CF%85%CE%B2%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BD%CE%AE%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%89%CF%82+%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82+%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE%CF%82+%CE%94%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82&rft.place=Athens&rft.pages=2332&rft.pub=National+Printing+House&rft.date=1985-09-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.et.gr%2Fidocs-nph%2Fsearch%2FpdfViewerForm.html%3Fargs%3D5C7QrtC22wHO1H1f3wMBQHdtvSoClrL8xsqFXEcDVXt5MXD0LzQTLWPU9yLzB8V68knBzLCmTXKaO6fpVZ6Lx9hLslJUqeiQYnJ0rXgB9l_ZIK4zLb8ji7AGLfboDNaz61qOy2y3UGw.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacedonia+%28Greece%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> AYE, Consulates of Macedonia, Thessaloniki, 8 February 1884, no.171. </li> <li id="cite_note-Gillespie89-96"><a href="#cite_ref-Gillespie89_96-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGillespie1994" class="citation book cs1">Gillespie, Richard (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UpC4QJP66HUC&q=el&pg=PA89">Mediterranean politics</a>. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. p. 89. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8386-3609-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8386-3609-8"><bdi>0-8386-3609-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mediterranean+politics&rft.pages=89&rft.pub=Fairleigh+Dickinson+Univ+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-8386-3609-8&rft.aulast=Gillespie&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUpC4QJP66HUC%26q%3Del%26pg%3DPA89&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacedonia+%28Greece%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shaw-97"><a href="#cite_ref-Shaw_97-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShawShaw1977" class="citation book cs1">Shaw, Stanford; Shaw, Ezel (27 May 1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AIET_7ji7YAC&pg=PA208">History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey: Volume 2, Reform, Revolution, and Republic: The Rise of Modern Turkey 1808–1975</a> (11 ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 208. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-29166-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-29166-8"><bdi>978-0-521-29166-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Ottoman+Empire+and+Modern+Turkey%3A+Volume+2%2C+Reform%2C+Revolution%2C+and+Republic%3A+The+Rise+of+Modern+Turkey+1808%E2%80%931975&rft.pages=208&rft.edition=11&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1977-05-27&rft.isbn=978-0-521-29166-8&rft.aulast=Shaw&rft.aufirst=Stanford&rft.au=Shaw%2C+Ezel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAIET_7ji7YAC%26pg%3DPA208&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacedonia+%28Greece%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHodge2008" class="citation book cs1">Hodge, Carl (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y5zTkGKy4wEC&pg=PA631">Encyclopedia of the Age of Imperialism, 1800–1914</a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 631. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-04341-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-04341-3"><bdi>978-0-313-04341-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Age+of+Imperialism%2C+1800%E2%80%931914&rft.pages=631&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-313-04341-3&rft.aulast=Hodge&rft.aufirst=Carl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DY5zTkGKy4wEC%26pg%3DPA631&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacedonia+%28Greece%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-poulton8586-99">^ <a href="#cite_ref-poulton8586_99-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-poulton8586_99-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoulton2000" class="citation book cs1">Poulton, Hugh (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8_zeaeTOz6YC&q=85&pg=PA85">"Greece"</a>. In Second (ed.). Who Are the Macedonians?. Indiana University Press. pp. 85–86. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-253-21359-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-253-21359-2"><bdi>0-253-21359-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Greece&rft.btitle=Who+Are+the+Macedonians%3F&rft.pages=85-86&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-253-21359-2&rft.aulast=Poulton&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8_zeaeTOz6YC%26q%3D85%26pg%3DPA85&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacedonia+%28Greece%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Greece,_Dimitri_Pentzopoulos_page_134-100">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Greece,_Dimitri_Pentzopoulos_page_134_100-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greece,_Dimitri_Pentzopoulos_page_134_100-1">b</a> The Balkan Exchange of Minorities and Its Impact on Greece, Dimitri Pentzopoulos, page 134, 2002 </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090211100900/http://www.freewebs.com/onoma/eap.htm">"Κατάλογος των προσφυγικών συνοικισμών της Μακεδονίας (Catalogue of Refugee Communities in Greek Macedonia, including changes in Macedonian place-names"</a>. 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Vallentine Mitchell. p. 41. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780853033905" title="Special:BookSources/9780853033905"><bdi>9780853033905</bdi></a>. 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University of Toronto Press. p. 25. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781551117195" title="Special:BookSources/9781551117195"><bdi>9781551117195</bdi></a>. 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An Analysis of Greece's Dispute with FYROM"</a>. 24 (1996) Journal of Political and Military Sociology, 285. 1996. 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Retrieved 22 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Greece+%E2%80%93+a+Jewish+History&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2010-04-04&rft.isbn=978-0691146126&rft.aulast=Fleming&rft.aufirst=K.+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Do3vIneSflMcC%26q%3Dantisemitism%252520in%252520greece%26pg%3DPA101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacedonia+%28Greece%29" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Macedonia_(Greece)&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAgnew2007" class="citation journal cs1">Agnew, John (June 2007). "No Borders, No Nations: Making Greece in Macedonia". Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 97 (2). Taylor & Francis: 398–422. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1467-8306.2007.00545.x">10.1111/j.1467-8306.2007.00545.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4620269">4620269</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4780566">4780566</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Association+of+American+Geographers&rft.atitle=No+Borders%2C+No+Nations%3A+Making+Greece+in+Macedonia&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=398-422&rft.date=2007-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4780566%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4620269%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1467-8306.2007.00545.x&rft.aulast=Agnew&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacedonia+%28Greece%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCouncil_of_Europe2001" class="citation book cs1">Council of Europe, Steering Committee on Local and Regional Democracy (2001). "Special Regulations for Particular Areas – the Legal Status of Aghion Oros". Structure and operation of Local and Regional Democracy. Council of Europe. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/92-871-4644-6" title="Special:BookSources/92-871-4644-6"><bdi>92-871-4644-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Special+Regulations+for+Particular+Areas+%E2%80%93+the+Legal+Status+of+Aghion+Oros&rft.btitle=Structure+and+operation+of+Local+and+Regional+Democracy&rft.pub=Council+of+Europe&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=92-871-4644-6&rft.aulast=Council+of+Europe&rft.aufirst=Steering+Committee+on+Local+and+Regional+Democracy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacedonia+%28Greece%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElster,_Ernestine_S.Renfrew,_Colin2003" class="citation book cs1">Elster, Ernestine S.; Renfrew, Colin, eds. (2003). Prehistoric Sitagroi: Excavations in Northeast Greece, 1968–1970. Monumenta Archaeologica 20. Vol. 2. Cotsen Institute of Archaeology. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-931745-03-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-931745-03-X"><bdi>1-931745-03-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prehistoric+Sitagroi%3A+Excavations+in+Northeast+Greece%2C+1968%E2%80%931970&rft.series=Monumenta+Archaeologica+20&rft.pub=Cotsen+Institute+of+Archaeology&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1-931745-03-X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacedonia+%28Greece%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFine1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Van_Antwerp_Fine_Jr." title="John Van Antwerp Fine Jr.">Fine, John V. A. Jr.</a> (1994) [1987]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LvVbRrH1QBgC">The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest</a>. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-472-08260-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-472-08260-4"><bdi>0-472-08260-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Late+Medieval+Balkans%3A+A+Critical+Survey+from+the+Late+Twelfth+Century+to+the+Ottoman+Conquest&rft.place=Ann+Arbor%2C+Michigan&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-472-08260-4&rft.aulast=Fine&rft.aufirst=John+V.+A.+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLvVbRrH1QBgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacedonia+%28Greece%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRenfrew,_ColinGimbutas,_MarijaElster,_Ernestine_S.1986" class="citation book cs1">Renfrew, Colin; Gimbutas, Marija; Elster, Ernestine S., eds. (1986). Excavations at Sitagroi: a Prehistoric Village in Northeast Greece. Monumenta Archaeologica 13. Vol. 2. Cotsen Institute of Archaeology. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-917956-51-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-917956-51-6"><bdi>0-917956-51-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Excavations+at+Sitagroi%3A+a+Prehistoric+Village+in+Northeast+Greece&rft.series=Monumenta+Archaeologica+13&rft.pub=Cotsen+Institute+of+Archaeology&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-917956-51-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacedonia+%28Greece%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRenfrew1969" class="citation journal cs1">Renfrew, Colin (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucl.ac.uk/prehistoric/pps/contents/contentsbyvolume.html#35">"The Autonomy of the South-east European Copper Age"</a>. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society. 35: 12–47. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0079497x00013396">10.1017/s0079497x00013396</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:131372437">131372437</a>. Retrieved 11 May 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Prehistoric+Society&rft.atitle=The+Autonomy+of+the+South-east+European+Copper+Age&rft.volume=35&rft.pages=12-47&rft.date=1969&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs0079497x00013396&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A131372437%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Renfrew&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucl.ac.uk%2Fprehistoric%2Fpps%2Fcontents%2Fcontentsbyvolume.html%2335&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacedonia+%28Greece%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRodden,_R.J.Wardle,_K.A.1996" class="citation book cs1">Rodden, R.J.; Wardle, K.A., eds. (1996). Nea Nikomedeia: the Excavation of an Early Neolithic Village in Northern Greece 1961–1963. Supplementary series 25. Vol. 1. Athens: British School of Athens.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nea+Nikomedeia%3A+the+Excavation+of+an+Early+Neolithic+Village+in+Northern+Greece+1961%E2%80%931963&rft.place=Athens&rft.series=Supplementary+series+25&rft.pub=British+School+of+Athens&rft.date=1996&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacedonia+%28Greece%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNesbittOikonomides1991" class="citation book cs1">Nesbitt, John; <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Oikonomides" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicolas Oikonomides">Oikonomides, Nicolas</a>, eds. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cUJmAAAAMAAJ">Catalogue of Byzantine Seals at Dumbarton Oaks and in the Fogg Museum of Art, Volume 1: Italy, North of the Balkans, North of the Black Sea</a>. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88402-194-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-88402-194-7"><bdi>0-88402-194-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catalogue+of+Byzantine+Seals+at+Dumbarton+Oaks+and+in+the+Fogg+Museum+of+Art%2C+Volume+1%3A+Italy%2C+North+of+the+Balkans%2C+North+of+the+Black+Sea&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pub=Dumbarton+Oaks+Research+Library+and+Collection&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-88402-194-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcUJmAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacedonia+%28Greece%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoudometof2002" class="citation book cs1">Roudometof, Victor (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Xoww453NVQMC&q=anthem&pg=PA75">Collective Memory, National Identity, and Ethnic Conflict: Greece, Bulgaria, and the Macedonian Question</a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0275976483" title="Special:BookSources/0275976483"><bdi>0275976483</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Collective+Memory%2C+National+Identity%2C+and+Ethnic+Conflict%3A+Greece%2C+Bulgaria%2C+and+the+Macedonian+Question&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0275976483&rft.aulast=Roudometof&rft.aufirst=Victor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXoww453NVQMC%26q%3Danthem%26pg%3DPA75&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacedonia+%28Greece%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSamsaris1976" class="citation book cs1">Samsaris, Dimitrios C. (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://media.ems.gr/ekdoseis/makedoniki_bibliothiki/ekd_makb_samsaris_049.pdf">Historical Geography of Eastern Macedonia during the Antiquity (in Greek)</a> (PDF). Society for Macedonian Studies,Thessaloniki. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/960-7265-16-5" title="Special:BookSources/960-7265-16-5"><bdi>960-7265-16-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Geography+of+Eastern+Macedonia+during+the+Antiquity+%28in+Greek%29&rft.pub=Society+for+Macedonian+Studies%2CThessaloniki&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=960-7265-16-5&rft.aulast=Samsaris&rft.aufirst=Dimitrios+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmedia.ems.gr%2Fekdoseis%2Fmakedoniki_bibliothiki%2Fekd_makb_samsaris_049.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacedonia+%28Greece%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSamsaris1989" class="citation book cs1">Samsaris, Dimitrios C. (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://media.ems.gr/ekdoseis/makedoniki_bibliothiki/ekd_makb_samsaris_070.pdf">Historical Geography of the Roman province of Macedonia (The Department of Western Macedonia today) (in Greek)</a> (PDF). Society for Macedonian Studies,Thessaloniki. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/960-7265-01-7" title="Special:BookSources/960-7265-01-7"><bdi>960-7265-01-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Geography+of+the+Roman+province+of+Macedonia+%28The+Department+of+Western+Macedonia+today%29+%28in+Greek%29&rft.pub=Society+for+Macedonian+Studies%2CThessaloniki&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=960-7265-01-7&rft.aulast=Samsaris&rft.aufirst=Dimitrios+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmedia.ems.gr%2Fekdoseis%2Fmakedoniki_bibliothiki%2Fekd_makb_samsaris_070.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacedonia+%28Greece%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSouvatzi2008" class="citation book cs1">Souvatzi, Stella G. (2008). A Social Archaeology of Households in Neolithic Greece : an Anthropological Approach. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-83689-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-83689-0"><bdi>978-0-521-83689-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Social+Archaeology+of+Households+in+Neolithic+Greece+%3A+an+Anthropological+Approach&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-521-83689-0&rft.aulast=Souvatzi&rft.aufirst=Stella+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacedonia+%28Greece%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTreadgold1995" class="citation book cs1">Treadgold, Warren (1995). "The Roman Army's Second Millenium". Byzantium and Its Army, 284–1081. Stanford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8047-3163-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8047-3163-2"><bdi>0-8047-3163-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Roman+Army%27s+Second+Millenium&rft.btitle=Byzantium+and+Its+Army%2C+284%E2%80%931081&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-8047-3163-2&rft.aulast=Treadgold&rft.aufirst=Warren&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacedonia+%28Greece%29" class="Z3988"> [<a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a>]</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVacalopoulos1973" class="citation book cs1">Vacalopoulos, Apostolos E. (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.promacedonia.org/en/av/">History of Macedonia, 1354–1833 (translated by P. Megann)</a>. Zeno Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-900834-89-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-900834-89-7"><bdi>0-900834-89-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Macedonia%2C+1354%E2%80%931833+%28translated+by+P.+Megann%29&rft.pub=Zeno+Publishers&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=0-900834-89-7&rft.aulast=Vacalopoulos&rft.aufirst=Apostolos+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.promacedonia.org%2Fen%2Fav%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacedonia+%28Greece%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWardle1997" class="citation book cs1">Wardle, K.A. (1997). "The Prehistory of Northern Greece: a Geographical Perspective". Afieroma to N.G.L. Hammond. Society of Macedonian Studies. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/960-7265-36-X" title="Special:BookSources/960-7265-36-X"><bdi>960-7265-36-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Prehistory+of+Northern+Greece%3A+a+Geographical+Perspective&rft.btitle=Afieroma+to+N.G.L.+Hammond&rft.pub=Society+of+Macedonian+Studies&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=960-7265-36-X&rft.aulast=Wardle&rft.aufirst=K.A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacedonia+%28Greece%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Macedonia_(Greece)&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Macedonia_(Greece)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#cedff2; color: blue; border:1px solid gold;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Template:Greek_Macedonia" title="Template:Greek Macedonia"><abbr title="View this template" style="color: blue">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Greek_Macedonia" title="Template talk:Greek Macedonia"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color: blue">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Greek_Macedonia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Greek Macedonia"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color: blue">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Macedonia_(Greece)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Macedonia (Greece)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; background: #cedff2;">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Macedonians" title="Ancient Macedonians">Ancient Macedonians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Macedonians" title="List of ancient Macedonians">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonians_(Greeks)" title="Macedonians (Greeks)">Macedonians (Greeks)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Macedonians_(Greek)" title="List of Macedonians (Greek)">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Thessaloniki" title="History of the Jews in Thessaloniki">Jews of Thessaloniki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_speakers_of_Greek_Macedonia" title="Slavic speakers of Greek Macedonia">Slavic speakers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Bulgarians" title="Macedonian Bulgarians">Macedonian Bulgarians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_Macedonians" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic Macedonians">Ethnic Macedonians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aromanians" title="Aromanians">Aromanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megleno-Romanians" title="Megleno-Romanians">Megleno-Romanians</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Vergina_Sun_WIPO.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Vergina_Sun_WIPO.svg/75px-Vergina_Sun_WIPO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Vergina_Sun_WIPO.svg/113px-Vergina_Sun_WIPO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Vergina_Sun_WIPO.svg/150px-Vergina_Sun_WIPO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="573" data-file-height="573" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; background: #cedff2;">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)" title="Macedonia (ancient kingdom)">Ancient Macedonia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)" title="History of Macedonia (ancient kingdom)">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)" title="Government of Macedonia (ancient kingdom)">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Macedonia" title="List of kings of Macedonia">Kings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wars_of_Alexander_the_Great" title="Wars of Alexander the Great">Wars of Alexander the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wars_of_the_Diadochi" title="Wars of the Diadochi">Wars of the Diadochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Wars" title="Macedonian Wars">Macedonian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(Roman_province)" title="Macedonia (Roman province)">Roman Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbarian_invasions" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbarian invasions">Barbarian invasions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(theme)" title="Macedonia (theme)">Theme of Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thessalonica_(theme)" title="Thessalonica (theme)">Theme of Thessalonica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strymon_(theme)" title="Strymon (theme)">Theme of Strymon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Thessalonica_(904)" title="Sack of Thessalonica (904)">Sack of Thessalonica (904)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine%E2%80%93Bulgarian_wars" title="Byzantine–Bulgarian wars">Byzantine–Bulgarian wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Thessalonica_(1185)" title="Sack of Thessalonica (1185)">Sack of Thessalonica (1185)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Thessalonica" title="Kingdom of Thessalonica">Kingdom of Thessalonica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Thessalonica" title="Empire of Thessalonica">Empire of Thessalonica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_civil_war_of_1321%E2%80%931328" title="Byzantine civil war of 1321–1328">Byzantine civil war of 1321–1328</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_civil_war_of_1341%E2%80%931347" title="Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347">Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zealots_of_Thessalonica" title="Zealots of Thessalonica">Zealots of Thessalonica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine%E2%80%93Ottoman_wars" title="Byzantine–Ottoman wars">Byzantine–Ottoman wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Thessalonica_(1422%E2%80%931430)" title="Siege of Thessalonica (1422–1430)">Siege of Thessalonica (1422–1430)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Greece" title="Ottoman Greece">Ottoman Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumelia_Eyalet" title="Rumelia Eyalet">Rumelia Eyalet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_War_of_Independence#Macedonia" title="Greek War of Independence">Greek War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manastir_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Manastir Vilayet">Manastir Vilayet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Monastir" title="Sanjak of Monastir">Sanjak of Monastir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Serfi%C4%9Fe" title="Sanjak of Serfiğe">Sanjak of Serfiğe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salonica_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Salonica Vilayet">Salonica Vilayet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Drama" title="Sanjak of Drama">Sanjak of Drama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Salonica" title="Sanjak of Salonica">Sanjak of Salonica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Siroz" title="Sanjak of Siroz">Sanjak of Siroz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Struggle" title="Macedonian Struggle">Macedonian Struggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_Wars" title="Balkan Wars">Balkan Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_front" title="Macedonian front">Macedonian front</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_National_Defence" title="Provisional Government of National Defence">Provisional Government of National Defence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axis_occupation_of_Greece" title="Axis occupation of Greece">Axis occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Civil_War" title="Greek Civil War">Greek Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_naming_dispute" title="Macedonia naming dispute">Macedonia naming dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prespa_agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Prespa agreement">Prespa agreement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; background: #cedff2;">Administration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Macedonia_and_Thrace" title="Ministry of Macedonia and Thrace">Ministry of Macedonia and Thrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Macedonia" title="Western Macedonia">Western Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Macedonia" title="Central Macedonia">Central Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Macedonia_and_Thrace" title="Eastern Macedonia and Thrace">Eastern Macedonia and Thrace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; background: #cedff2;">Economy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agios_Dimitrios_Power_Plant" title="Agios Dimitrios Power Plant">Agios Dimitrios Power Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amyntaio_Power_Plant" title="Amyntaio Power Plant">Amyntaio Power Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drama_coal_mine" title="Drama coal mine">Drama coal mine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerakini_mine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerakini mine (page does not exist)">Gerakini mine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympias_mine" title="Olympias mine">Olympias mine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piavitsa_mine" title="Piavitsa mine">Piavitsa mine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port_of_Kavala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Port of Kavala (page does not exist)">Port of Kavala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Thessaloniki" title="Port of Thessaloniki">Port of Thessaloniki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prinos_oil_field" title="Prinos oil field">Prinos oil field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaida-Florina_coal_mine" title="Ptolemaida-Florina coal mine">Ptolemaida-Florina coal mine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skouries_mine" title="Skouries mine">Skouries mine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratoni_mine" title="Stratoni mine">Stratoni mine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki_International_Fair" title="Thessaloniki International Fair">Thessaloniki International Fair</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; background: #cedff2;">Major cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kavala" title="Kavala">Kavala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kastoria" title="Kastoria">Kastoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serres" title="Serres">Serres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veria" title="Veria">Veria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katerini" title="Katerini">Katerini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edessa,_Greece" title="Edessa, Greece">Edessa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florina" title="Florina">Florina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drama,_Greece" title="Drama, Greece">Drama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naousa,_Imathia" title="Naousa, Imathia">Naousa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozani" title="Kozani">Kozani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siatista" title="Siatista">Siatista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilkis" title="Kilkis">Kilkis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cities_in_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Cities in Greece">Other</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; background: #cedff2;">Nature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vardar" title="Vardar">Axios River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doiran_Lake" title="Doiran Lake">Doiran Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falakro" title="Falakro">Falakro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallikos_(river)" title="Gallikos (river)">Galikos River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haliacmon" title="Haliacmon">Haliacmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Kerkini" title="Lake Kerkini">Lake Kerkini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Koroneia" title="Lake Koroneia">Lake Koroneia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Orestiada" title="Lake Orestiada">Lake Orestiada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Prespa" title="Lake Prespa">Lake Prespa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Small_Prespa_Lake" title="Small Prespa Lake">Small Prespa Lake</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Vegoritida" title="Lake Vegoritida">Lake Vegoritida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Volvi" title="Lake Volvi">Lake Volvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Paiko" title="Mount Paiko">Mount Paiko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestos_(river)" title="Nestos (river)">Nestos (river)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Olympus" title="Mount Olympus">Mount Olympus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangaion_Hills" title="Pangaion Hills">Pangaion Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pindus" title="Pindus">Pindus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pindus_National_Park" title="Pindus National Park">Pindus National Park</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petralona_cave" class="mw-redirect" title="Petralona cave">Petralona cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Struma_(river)" title="Struma (river)">Strymon River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasilitsa" title="Vasilitsa">Vasilitsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermio_Mountains" title="Vermio Mountains">Vermio Mountains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kato_Vermio" title="Kato Vermio">Seli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verno" title="Verno">Verno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voras_Mountains" title="Voras Mountains">Voras Mountains</a></li> <li>Islands: <a href="/wiki/Thasos" title="Thasos">Thasos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammouliani" title="Ammouliani">Ammouliani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; background: #cedff2;">Monuments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agios_Athanasios,_Thessaloniki" title="Agios Athanasios, Thessaloniki">Agios Athanasios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandrion_(Litochoro)" title="Alexandrion (Litochoro)">Alexandrion (Litochoro)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphipolis" title="Amphipolis">Amphipolis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lion_of_Amphipolis" title="Lion of Amphipolis">Lion of Amphipolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasta_Tomb" title="Kasta Tomb">Kasta Tomb</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dion,_Pieria" title="Dion, Pieria">Dion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dion,_Archaeological_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Dion, Archaeological Park">Archaeological Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_theatre_of_Dion" title="Hellenistic theatre of Dion">Hellenistic theatre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Athos" title="Mount Athos">Mount Athos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mieza,_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mieza, Macedonia">Mieza</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Judgement,_Lefkadia" title="Tomb of Judgement, Lefkadia">Tomb of Judgement</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_the_Palmettes" title="Tomb of the Palmettes">Tomb of the Palmettes</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleochristian_and_Byzantine_monuments_of_Thessaloniki" title="Paleochristian and Byzantine monuments of Thessaloniki">Byzantine monuments of Thessaloniki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pella" title="Pella">Pella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippi" title="Philippi">Philippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platamon_Castle" title="Platamon Castle">Platamon Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vergina" title="Vergina">Vergina</a></li> <li>Museums : <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_Museum_of_Amphipolis" title="Archaeological Museum of Amphipolis">Archaeological Museum of Amphipolis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aiani_Archaeological_Museum" title="Aiani Archaeological Museum">Aiani Archaeological Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dion,_Archaeological_Museum" title="Dion, Archaeological Museum">Archaeological Museum of Dion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_Museum_of_Pella" title="Archaeological Museum of Pella">Archaeological Museum of Pella</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_Museum_of_Thessaloniki" title="Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki">Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Byzantine_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of Byzantine culture">Museum of Byzantine culture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; background: #cedff2;">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vergina_Sun" title="Vergina Sun">Vergina Sun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Macedonia_(Greece)" title="Flag of Macedonia (Greece)">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Macedonia_(Greece)" title="Music of Macedonia (Greece)">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_cuisine_(Greek)" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedonian cuisine (Greek)">Cuisine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="text-align:center; background: #cedff2;"><div>Greek Macedonia Portal</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Traditional_geographic_regions_of_Greece" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Geographic_regions_of_Greece" title="Template:Geographic regions of Greece"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Geographic_regions_of_Greece" title="Template talk:Geographic regions of Greece"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Geographic_regions_of_Greece" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Geographic regions of Greece"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Traditional_geographic_regions_of_Greece" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_regions_of_Greece" title="Geographic regions of Greece">Traditional geographic regions of Greece </a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_Islands" title="Aegean Islands">Aegean Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Greece_(geographic_region)" title="Central Greece (geographic region)">Central Greece</a> (<a href="/wiki/Attica" title="Attica">Attica</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirus_(region)" title="Epirus (region)">Epirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionian_Islands" title="Ionian Islands">Ionian Islands</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peloponnese" title="Peloponnese">Peloponnese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thessaly" title="Thessaly">Thessaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Thrace" title="Western Thrace">Thrace</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/40px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/60px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/80px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style 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