CINXE.COM

Rwanda: Monuc Accused of Sharing Intelligence With FDLR Leaders - allAfrica.com

<!DOCTYPE html> <!--[if lt IE 7 ]><html itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Webpage" class="no-js ie ie6 lte6 lte7 lte8 lte9" lang="en"><![endif]--> <!--[if IE 7 ]><html itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Webpage" class="no-js ie ie7 lte7 lte8 lte9" lang="en"><![endif]--> <!--[if IE 8 ]><html itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Webpage" class="no-js ie ie8 lte8 lte9" lang="en"><![endif]--> <!--[if IE 9 ]><html itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Webpage" class="no-js ie ie9 lte9" lang="en"><![endif]--> <!--[if gt IE 9 ]><html itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Webpage" class="no-js" lang="en"><![endif]--> <!--[if !IE]><!--><html itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Webpage" class="no-js" lang="en"><!--<![endif]--> <head> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdn01.allafrica.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://cdn01.allafrica.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdn02.allafrica.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://cdn02.allafrica.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdn03.allafrica.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://cdn03.allafrica.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdn04.allafrica.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://cdn04.allafrica.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdn05.allafrica.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://cdn05.allafrica.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdn06.allafrica.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://cdn06.allafrica.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdn07.allafrica.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://cdn07.allafrica.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdn08.allafrica.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://cdn08.allafrica.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdn09.allafrica.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://cdn09.allafrica.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://clickiocmp.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://clickiocmp.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://s.clickiocdn.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://s.clickiocdn.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.google-analytics.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://www.google-analytics.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.googletagmanager.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://www.googletagmanager.com"> <link as="script" href="https://cdn07.allafrica.com/static/js/jquery/jquery-1.9.1.min.js?v=2024112800" rel="preload"> <link as="script" href="https://cdn05.allafrica.com/static/js/bootstrap/3.3.7/bootstrap.min.js?v=2024112800" rel="preload"> <link as="script" href="https://cdn01.allafrica.com/static/js/application.min.js?v=2024112800" rel="preload"> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta itemprop="description" content="New information has emerged that a clandestine partnership of sharing intelligence existed between the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC) and FDLR rebels even deeper than earlier thought."> <meta itemprop="image" content="https://cdn08.allafrica.com/static/images/structure/aa-logo-rgba-no-text-square.png"> <meta itemprop="name" content="Rwanda: Monuc Accused of Sharing Intelligence With Rebels"> <meta name="description" content="New information has emerged that a clandestine partnership of sharing intelligence existed between the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC) and FDLR rebels even deeper than earlier thought."> <meta name="facebook-domain-verification" content="3xuju9s7i37gmaj9exdgd1abrykiyb"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bGxG4qeN9up-gMXKjsgylykqjVrzxLjg1rQrP3K-rJk"> <meta name="keywords" content="Africa, news, politics, economy, trade, business, sports, current events, travel, Rwanda, East Africa, External Relations, Conflict, Peace and Security, International Organizations and Africa, Arms and Military Affairs, Peacekeeping and Conflict Resolution, Central Africa"> <meta name="msvalidate.01" content="72401C28AAAC95E8D3FF1881A90F2C4D"> <meta name="robots" content="noarchive"> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"> <meta name="twitter:description" content="New information has emerged that a clandestine partnership of sharing intelligence existed between the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC) and FDLR rebels even deeper than earlier thought."> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://cdn08.allafrica.com/static/images/structure/aa-logo-rgba-no-text-square.png"> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@allafrica"> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Rwanda: Monuc Accused of Sharing Intelligence With Rebels"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2013-07-24T13:37:21+0000"> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2009-11-12T07:29:22+0000"> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/allafrica"> <meta property="article:section" content="News"> <meta property="article:tag" content="Rwanda"> <meta property="article:tag" content="East Africa"> <meta property="article:tag" content="External Relations"> <meta property="article:tag" content="Conflict, Peace and Security"> <meta property="article:tag" content="International Organizations and Africa"> <meta property="article:tag" content="Arms and Military Affairs"> <meta property="article:tag" content="Peacekeeping and Conflict Resolution"> <meta property="article:tag" content="Central Africa"> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="100369188719"> <meta property="fb:pages" content="98946450029"> <meta property="og:description" content="New information has emerged that a clandestine partnership of sharing intelligence existed between the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC) and FDLR rebels even deeper than earlier thought."> <meta property="og:image" content="https://cdn08.allafrica.com/static/images/structure/aa-logo-rgba-no-text-square.png"> <meta property="og:site_name" content="allAfrica.com"> <meta property="og:title" content="Rwanda: Monuc Accused of Sharing Intelligence With Rebels"> <meta property="og:type" content="article"> <meta property="og:url" content="https://allafrica.com/stories/200911120079.html"> <style> .carousel-container.uninitialized,.carousel-container.initializing{visibility:hidden;height:0;overflow: hidden;} .carousel-container.initialized{visibility:visible;} .operamini .carousel-single .carousel-container.uninitialized{visibility:visible;height:auto;} .operamini .owl-carousel-wrapper .owl-carousel-container .owl-carousel{display: block;} .operamini .owl-carousel-wrapper .owl-carousel-container .owl-carousel .item + .item{display:none;} </style> <style> div.ad-container.pixel-ad{width:1px;height:1px;}div.ad-container.photoessay{width:300px;height:250px;float:none;}.superleaderboard-a > div > iframe{display:block;margin:0 auto;}.container.subnav{min-height:6px;background-color:#fff;}div.ad-container.superleaderboard-ad{margin:0 auto;}.container.subnav .row.ads,.column.main .section.ads,.ad-container.gpt-ad.pixel-a,.ad-container.gpt-ad.pixel-b{display:none;}.outer-ad-container,.ad-container{line-height:0;font-size:0;}.adsense-responsive-ad{overflow:hidden;}.aans.list.interior .section.top-news .stories .adsense-responsive-ad > ins.adsbygoogle,.topical-focus.interior.view .column.main > .content .adsense-responsive-ad > ins.adsbygoogle,body.aans.view .column.main .story-body .adsense-responsive-ad > ins.adsbygoogle,body.aans.view .column.main .responsive-aans-view-end > ins.adsbygoogle{width:100%;margin:0 auto;}body.aans.view .story-body .gpt-outer-ad-container,body.aans.view .story-body .adsense-responsive-outer-ad-container,body.aans.view .column.main .outer-ad-container.responsive-aans-view-end-container{display:block;float:none;padding:0;margin:0 auto;}body.aans.view .column.main .story-body .outer-ad-container::before,body.aans.view .column.main .story-body .outer-ad-container::after,body.aans.view .column.main .outer-ad-container.responsive-aans-view-end-container::before,body.aans.view .column.main .outer-ad-container.responsive-aans-view-end-container::after{content:"";display:block;border-color:#d2d2d2;border-style:solid;border-width:0;padding:0;}body.aans.view .column.main .story-body .outer-ad-container::before{font-family:"Proxima Nova",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;text-transform:uppercase;font-size:10px;min-height:10px;line-height:1;text-align:center;color:#999;padding:7.5px 0 7.5px;}body.aans.view .column.main .story-body .outer-ad-container::before,body.aans.view .column.main .outer-ad-container.responsive-aans-view-end-container::before{margin:25px auto 0;border-top-width:1px;}body.aans.view .column.main .outer-ad-container.responsive-aans-view-end-container::before{padding-top:25px;}:lang(en) body.aans.view .column.main .story-body .outer-ad-container::before{content:"Advertisement - Continue Reading Below";}:lang(fr) body.aans.view .column.main .story-body .outer-ad-container::before{content:"Publicité - Continuer la lecture ci-dessous";}body.aans.view .column.main .story-body .outer-ad-container::after,body.aans.view .column.main .outer-ad-container.responsive-aans-view-end-container::after{height:0;margin:0 auto 25px;padding-bottom:25px;border-bottom-width:1px;}.aans.list.interior .section.top-news .stories .adsense-responsive-ad > ins.adsbygoogle,.topical-focus.interior.view .column.main > .content .adsense-responsive-ad > ins.adsbygoogle,body.aans.view .column.main .story-body .adsense-responsive-ad > ins.adsbygoogle,body.aans.view .column.main .responsive-aans-view-end > ins.adsbygoogle{height:155px;}.column.main .section.ads.center-a{display:block;}.column.main div.ad-container.center-ad{margin:0 auto;}.column.main div.ad-container.center-ad{width:125px;height:125px;}.column.aside div.ad-container.right-ad{display:none;}.column.aside div.ad-container,div.ad-container.right-ad,div.ad-container.center-ad,div.ad-container.right{float:none;}.column.aside div.ad-container.right-ad{overflow:hidden;margin:0 auto;margin-bottom:35px;}.column.aside div.ad-container.right-b{margin-top:35px;}.column.aside div.ad-container.right-ad{width:125px;height:125px;}@media only screen and (min-width: 200px){.column.main div.ad-container.center-ad{width:200px;height:200px;}.column.aside div.ad-container.right-ad{width:200px;height:200px;}}@media only screen and (min-width: 280px){.column.main div.ad-container.center-ad{width:250px;height:250px;}.column.aside div.ad-container.right-ad{width:250px;height:250px;}}@media only screen and (min-width: 320px){.aans.list.interior .section.top-news .stories .adsense-responsive-ad > ins.adsbygoogle,.topical-focus.interior.view .column.main > .content .adsense-responsive-ad > ins.adsbygoogle,body.aans.view .column.main .story-body .adsense-responsive-ad > ins.adsbygoogle,body.aans.view .column.main .responsive-aans-view-end > ins.adsbygoogle{height:225px;}.container.subnav .row.ads{display:block;}.container.subnav .row.ads .ad-container{margin-top:35px;margin-bottom:35px;}.container.subnav div.ad-container.superleaderboard-ad{width:320px;min-height:250px;margin:0 auto;overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:initial;}body.aans.view .column.main .story-body .ad-container.center-ad{width:300px;min-height:250px;max-height:600px;overflow:hidden;margin:0 auto;}.column.main div.ad-container.center-ad{width:300px;height:250px;}.column.aside div.ad-container.right-ad{width:300px;height:250px;}}@media only screen and (min-width: 360px){.aans.list.interior .section.top-news .stories .adsense-responsive-ad > ins.adsbygoogle,.topical-focus.interior.view .column.main > .content .adsense-responsive-ad > ins.adsbygoogle,body.aans.view .column.main .story-body .adsense-responsive-ad > ins.adsbygoogle,body.aans.view .column.main .responsive-aans-view-end > ins.adsbygoogle{height:257px;}.column.main div.ad-container.center-ad{width:336px;height:280px;}.column.aside div.ad-container.right-ad{width:336px;height:280px;}}@media only screen and (min-width: 370px){.aans.list.interior .section.top-news .stories .adsense-responsive-ad > ins.adsbygoogle,.topical-focus.interior.view .column.main > .content .adsense-responsive-ad > ins.adsbygoogle,body.aans.view .column.main .story-body .adsense-responsive-ad > ins.adsbygoogle,body.aans.view .column.main .responsive-aans-view-end > ins.adsbygoogle{height:280px;}}@media only screen and (min-width: 480px){.column.main .section.ads{display:block;}div.ad-container.banner-ad{width:468px;height:60px;margin:0 auto;}div.ad-container.banner-ad{width:468px;height:60px;}body.aans.view .column.main .story-body .adsense-responsive-ad > ins.adsbygoogle{min-width:300px;min-height:60px;}body.aans.view .column.main .story-body .adsense-responsive-ad.responsive-aans-view-ad > ins.adsbygoogle{width:336px;height:280px;}.aans.list.interior .section.top-news .stories .adsense-responsive-ad > ins.adsbygoogle,.topical-focus.interior.view .column.main > .content .adsense-responsive-ad > ins.adsbygoogle,body.aans.view .column.main .story-body .adsense-responsive-ad > ins.adsbygoogle,body.aans.view .column.main .responsive-aans-view-end > ins.adsbygoogle{height:60px;}.container.subnav div.ad-container.superleaderboard-ad{min-width:initial;min-height:initial;width:468px;height:60px;overflow:hidden;}}@media only screen and (min-width: 600px){.aans.list.interior .section.top-news .stories .adsense-responsive-ad > ins.adsbygoogle,.topical-focus.interior.view .column.main > .content .adsense-responsive-ad > ins.adsbygoogle,body.aans.view .column.main .story-body .adsense-responsive-ad > ins.adsbygoogle,body.aans.view .column.main .responsive-aans-view-end > ins.adsbygoogle{height:90px;}}@media only screen and (min-width: 768px){.aans.list.interior .section.top-news .stories .adsense-responsive-ad > ins.adsbygoogle,.topical-focus.interior.view .column.main > .content .adsense-responsive-ad > ins.adsbygoogle,body.aans.view .column.main .story-body .adsense-responsive-ad > ins.adsbygoogle,body.aans.view .column.main .responsive-aans-view-end > ins.adsbygoogle{height:60px;}.container.subnav div.ad-container.superleaderboard-ad{width:970px;min-width:initial;overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:initial;}.container.subnav div.ad-container.superleaderboard-ad{height:250px;}.container.subnav div.ad-container.superleaderboard-ad{display:-webkit-box;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;align-items:center;}.column.aside div.ad-container.right-ad{display:block;}.column.aside div.ad-container.right-ad{width:300px;height:250px;}.column.aside div.ad-container.right-a{height:600px;}}ins{text-decoration:none;} </style> <style> @font-face{font-family:'FontAwesome';src:url(https://cdn06.allafrica.com/static/fonts/font-awesome/4.7.0/fontawesome-webfont.eot?v=4.7.0);src:url(https://cdn01.allafrica.com/static/fonts/font-awesome/4.7.0/fontawesome-webfont.eot?#iefix&v=4.7.0) format('embedded-opentype'),url(https://cdn06.allafrica.com/static/fonts/font-awesome/4.7.0/fontawesome-webfont.woff2?v=4.7.0) format('woff2'),url(https://cdn05.allafrica.com/static/fonts/font-awesome/4.7.0/fontawesome-webfont.woff?v=4.7.0) format('woff'),url(https://cdn05.allafrica.com/static/fonts/font-awesome/4.7.0/fontawesome-webfont.ttf?v=4.7.0) format('truetype'),url(https://cdn07.allafrica.com/static/fonts/font-awesome/4.7.0/fontawesome-webfont.svg?v=4.7.0#fontawesomeregular) format('svg');font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;}.fa{display:inline-block;font:normal normal normal 14px/1 FontAwesome;font-size:inherit;text-rendering:auto;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;}.fa-search:before{content:"\f002";}.fa-envelope-o:before{content:"\f003";}.fa-remove:before,.fa-close:before,.fa-times:before{content:"\f00d";}.fa-arrow-left:before{content:"\f060";}.fa-twitter-square:before{content:"\f081";}.fa-facebook-square:before{content:"\f082";}.fa-linkedin-square:before{content:"\f08c";}.fa-angle-double-left:before{content:"\f100";}.fa-angle-double-right:before{content:"\f101";}.fa-rss-square:before{content:"\f143";}.fa-user-o:before{content:"\f2c0";}.fa-telegram:before{content:"\f2c6";}.sr-only{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);border:0;} .col-tn-1,.col-tn-2,.col-tn-3,.col-tn-4,.col-tn-5,.col-tn-6,.col-tn-7,.col-tn-8,.col-tn-9,.col-tn-10,.col-tn-11,.col-tn-12,.col-xxs-1,.col-xxs-2,.col-xxs-3,.col-xxs-4,.col-xxs-5,.col-xxs-6,.col-xxs-7,.col-xxs-8,.col-xxs-9,.col-xxs-10,.col-xxs-11,.col-xxs-12{min-height:1px;padding-left:15px;padding-right:15px;position:relative;}.col-tn-1,.col-tn-2,.col-tn-3,.col-tn-4,.col-tn-5,.col-tn-6,.col-tn-7,.col-tn-8,.col-tn-9,.col-tn-10,.col-tn-11,.col-tn-12{float:left;}.col-tn-12{width:100%;}.col-tn-6{width:50%;} html{font-family:sans-serif;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;-ms-text-size-adjust:100%;}body{margin:0;}article,aside,details,figcaption,figure,footer,header,hgroup,main,menu,nav,section,summary{display:block;}a{background-color:transparent;}b,strong{font-weight:bold;}h1{margin:.67em 0;font-size:2em;}img{border:0;}svg:not(:root){overflow:hidden;}button,input,optgroup,select,textarea{margin:0;font:inherit;color:inherit;}button{overflow:visible;}button,select{text-transform:none;}button,html input[type="button"],input[type="reset"],input[type="submit"]{-webkit-appearance:button;cursor:pointer;}input{line-height:normal;}input[type="checkbox"],input[type="radio"]{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;}table{border-spacing:0;border-collapse:collapse;}td,th{padding:0;}*{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;}*:before,*:after{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;}html{font-size:10px;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);}body{font-family:"Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:1.42857143;color:#333;background-color:#fff;}input,button,select,textarea{font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;}a{color:#337ab7;text-decoration:none;}img{vertical-align:middle;}.img-responsive,.thumbnail > img,.thumbnail a > img,.carousel-inner > .item > img,.carousel-inner > .item > a > img{display:block;max-width:100%;height:auto;}.sr-only{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);border:0;}[role="button"]{cursor:pointer;}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,.h1,.h2,.h3,.h4,.h5,.h6{font-family:inherit;font-weight:500;line-height:1.1;color:inherit;}h1,.h1,h2,.h2,h3,.h3{margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:10px;}h4,.h4,h5,.h5,h6,.h6{margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:10px;}h1,.h1{font-size:36px;}h2,.h2{font-size:30px;}h4,.h4{font-size:18px;}p{margin:0 0 10px;}ul,ol{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:10px;}ul ul,ol ul,ul ol,ol ol{margin-bottom:0;}.container{padding-right:15px;padding-left:15px;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;}@media (min-width: 768px){.container{width:750px;}}@media (min-width: 992px){.container{width:970px;}}@media (min-width: 1200px){.container{width:1170px;}}.row{margin-right:-15px;margin-left:-15px;}.col-xs-1,.col-sm-1,.col-md-1,.col-lg-1,.col-xs-2,.col-sm-2,.col-md-2,.col-lg-2,.col-xs-3,.col-sm-3,.col-md-3,.col-lg-3,.col-xs-4,.col-sm-4,.col-md-4,.col-lg-4,.col-xs-5,.col-sm-5,.col-md-5,.col-lg-5,.col-xs-6,.col-sm-6,.col-md-6,.col-lg-6,.col-xs-7,.col-sm-7,.col-md-7,.col-lg-7,.col-xs-8,.col-sm-8,.col-md-8,.col-lg-8,.col-xs-9,.col-sm-9,.col-md-9,.col-lg-9,.col-xs-10,.col-sm-10,.col-md-10,.col-lg-10,.col-xs-11,.col-sm-11,.col-md-11,.col-lg-11,.col-xs-12,.col-sm-12,.col-md-12,.col-lg-12{position:relative;min-height:1px;padding-right:15px;padding-left:15px;}@media (min-width: 480px){.col-xs-1,.col-xs-2,.col-xs-3,.col-xs-4,.col-xs-5,.col-xs-6,.col-xs-7,.col-xs-8,.col-xs-9,.col-xs-10,.col-xs-11,.col-xs-12{float:left;}.col-xs-12{width:100%;}.col-xs-6{width:50%;}}@media (min-width: 768px){.col-sm-1,.col-sm-2,.col-sm-3,.col-sm-4,.col-sm-5,.col-sm-6,.col-sm-7,.col-sm-8,.col-sm-9,.col-sm-10,.col-sm-11,.col-sm-12{float:left;}.col-sm-8{width:66.66666667%;}.col-sm-7{width:58.33333333%;}.col-sm-6{width:50%;}.col-sm-5{width:41.66666667%;}.col-sm-4{width:33.33333333%;}}table{background-color:transparent;}label{display:inline-block;max-width:100%;margin-bottom:5px;font-weight:bold;}input[type="radio"],input[type="checkbox"]{margin:4px 0 0;margin-top:1px \9;line-height:normal;}.form-control{display:block;width:100%;height:34px;padding:6px 12px;font-size:14px;line-height:1.42857143;color:#555;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;border:1px solid #ccc;border-radius:4px;-webkit-box-shadow:inset 0 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.075);box-shadow:inset 0 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.075);-webkit-transition:border-color ease-in-out .15s,-webkit-box-shadow ease-in-out .15s;-o-transition:border-color ease-in-out .15s,box-shadow ease-in-out .15s;transition:border-color ease-in-out .15s,box-shadow ease-in-out .15s;}.form-control::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:#999;}.radio input[type="radio"],.radio-inline input[type="radio"],.checkbox input[type="checkbox"],.checkbox-inline input[type="checkbox"]{position:absolute;margin-top:4px \9;margin-left:-20px;}.radio-inline,.checkbox-inline{position:relative;display:inline-block;padding-left:20px;margin-bottom:0;font-weight:normal;vertical-align:middle;cursor:pointer;}.radio-inline + .radio-inline,.checkbox-inline + .checkbox-inline{margin-top:0;margin-left:10px;}.btn{display:inline-block;padding:6px 12px;margin-bottom:0;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;line-height:1.42857143;text-align:center;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:middle;-ms-touch-action:manipulation;touch-action:manipulation;cursor:pointer;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;background-image:none;border:1px solid transparent;border-radius:4px;}.btn:active,.btn.active{background-image:none;outline:0;-webkit-box-shadow:inset 0 3px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.125);box-shadow:inset 0 3px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.125);}.btn-default{color:#333;background-color:#fff;border-color:#ccc;}.btn-default:active,.btn-default.active,.open > .dropdown-toggle.btn-default{color:#333;background-color:#e6e6e6;border-color:#adadad;}.btn-default:active,.btn-default.active,.open > .dropdown-toggle.btn-default{background-image:none;}.btn-success{color:#fff;background-color:#5cb85c;border-color:#4cae4c;}.btn-sm,.btn-group-sm > .btn{padding:5px 10px;font-size:12px;line-height:1.5;border-radius:3px;}.fade{opacity:0;-webkit-transition:opacity .15s linear;-o-transition:opacity .15s linear;transition:opacity .15s linear;}.collapse{display:none;}.collapse.in{display:block;}.collapsing{position:relative;height:0;overflow:hidden;-webkit-transition-timing-function:ease;-o-transition-timing-function:ease;transition-timing-function:ease;-webkit-transition-duration:.35s;-o-transition-duration:.35s;transition-duration:.35s;-webkit-transition-property:height,visibility;-o-transition-property:height,visibility;transition-property:height,visibility;}.btn-group,.btn-group-vertical{position:relative;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;}.btn-group > .btn,.btn-group-vertical > .btn{position:relative;float:left;}.btn-group > .btn:hover,.btn-group-vertical > .btn:hover,.btn-group > .btn:focus,.btn-group-vertical > .btn:focus,.btn-group > .btn:active,.btn-group-vertical > .btn:active,.btn-group > .btn.active,.btn-group-vertical > .btn.active{z-index:2;}.btn-group .btn + .btn,.btn-group .btn + .btn-group,.btn-group .btn-group + .btn,.btn-group .btn-group + .btn-group{margin-left:-1px;}.btn-group > .btn:first-child{margin-left:0;}.btn-group > .btn:first-child:not(:last-child):not(.dropdown-toggle){border-top-right-radius:0;border-bottom-right-radius:0;}.btn-group > .btn:last-child:not(:first-child),.btn-group > .dropdown-toggle:not(:first-child){border-top-left-radius:0;border-bottom-left-radius:0;}.input-group{position:relative;display:table;border-collapse:separate;}.input-group .form-control{position:relative;z-index:2;float:left;width:100%;margin-bottom:0;}.input-group-sm > .form-control,.input-group-sm > .input-group-addon,.input-group-sm > .input-group-btn > .btn{height:30px;padding:5px 10px;font-size:12px;line-height:1.5;border-radius:3px;}.input-group-addon,.input-group-btn,.input-group .form-control{display:table-cell;}.input-group-addon,.input-group-btn{width:1%;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:middle;}.input-group .form-control:first-child,.input-group-addon:first-child,.input-group-btn:first-child > .btn,.input-group-btn:first-child > .btn-group > .btn,.input-group-btn:first-child > .dropdown-toggle,.input-group-btn:last-child > .btn:not(:last-child):not(.dropdown-toggle),.input-group-btn:last-child > .btn-group:not(:last-child) > .btn{border-top-right-radius:0;border-bottom-right-radius:0;}.input-group .form-control:last-child,.input-group-addon:last-child,.input-group-btn:last-child > .btn,.input-group-btn:last-child > .btn-group > .btn,.input-group-btn:last-child > .dropdown-toggle,.input-group-btn:first-child > .btn:not(:first-child),.input-group-btn:first-child > .btn-group:not(:first-child) > .btn{border-top-left-radius:0;border-bottom-left-radius:0;}.input-group-btn{position:relative;font-size:0;white-space:nowrap;}.input-group-btn > .btn{position:relative;}.input-group-btn:last-child > .btn,.input-group-btn:last-child > .btn-group{z-index:2;margin-left:-1px;}.navbar-btn{margin-top:8px;margin-bottom:8px;}.navbar-btn.btn-sm{margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:10px;}.alert{padding:15px;margin-bottom:20px;border:1px solid transparent;border-radius:4px;}.alert-success{color:#3c763d;background-color:#dff0d8;border-color:#d6e9c6;}.alert-danger{color:#a94442;background-color:#f2dede;border-color:#ebccd1;}.close{float:right;font-size:21px;font-weight:bold;line-height:1;color:#000;text-shadow:0 1px 0 #fff;filter:alpha(opacity=20);opacity:.2;}button.close{-webkit-appearance:none;padding:0;cursor:pointer;background:transparent;border:0;}.modal{position:fixed;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;z-index:1050;display:none;overflow:hidden;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch;outline:0;}.clearfix:before,.clearfix:after,.dl-horizontal dd:before,.dl-horizontal dd:after,.container:before,.container:after,.container-fluid:before,.container-fluid:after,.row:before,.row:after,.form-horizontal .form-group:before,.form-horizontal .form-group:after,.btn-toolbar:before,.btn-toolbar:after,.btn-group-vertical > .btn-group:before,.btn-group-vertical > .btn-group:after,.nav:before,.nav:after,.navbar:before,.navbar:after,.navbar-header:before,.navbar-header:after,.navbar-collapse:before,.navbar-collapse:after,.pager:before,.pager:after,.panel-body:before,.panel-body:after,.modal-header:before,.modal-header:after,.modal-footer:before,.modal-footer:after{display:table;content:" ";}.clearfix:after,.dl-horizontal dd:after,.container:after,.container-fluid:after,.row:after,.form-horizontal .form-group:after,.btn-toolbar:after,.btn-group-vertical > .btn-group:after,.nav:after,.navbar:after,.navbar-header:after,.navbar-collapse:after,.pager:after,.panel-body:after,.modal-header:after,.modal-footer:after{clear:both;} html,body,div,span,object,iframe,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,blockquote,pre,abbr,address,cite,code,del,dfn,em,img,ins,kbd,q,samp,small,strong,sub,sup,var,b,i,dl,dt,dd,ol,ul,li,fieldset,form,label,legend,mark,table,caption,tbody,tfoot,thead,tr,th,td,.canvas,.details,.figure,.masthead,.hgroup,.menu,.nav,.section,.summary,.time,.audio,.video{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;outline:0;vertical-align:baseline;background-color:transparent;}.details,.figure,.masthead,.hgroup,.menu,.nav,.section{display:block;}a{margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;background:transparent;}a.external.external-icon::after{vertical-align:baseline;font-size:65%;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-left:.5rem;content:'\f08e';font-family:FontAwesome;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;font-variant:normal;text-rendering:auto;}table{border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0;}input,select{vertical-align:middle;}body{background-color:#f4f4f4;color:#333;font-family:"Arial","Liberation Sans",sans-serif;font-size:13px;}a{color:#10579f;text-decoration:none;}h1,h2{font-size:16px;}body > .container,body > .sticky-masthead > .container{overflow:hidden;}body > .container.mid,body > .container.bottom{background-color:#fff;}@media (min-width: 1200px){body > .container,body > .sticky-masthead > .container{width:1170px;}body{min-width:1170px;}}body.aans.view.sponsored .column.main,body.aans.view.sponsored .column.aside{margin-top:20px;}.container.mid .column.main,.container.mid .column.aside{margin-top:15px;}@media only screen and (min-width: 768px){.container.mid .column.main,.container.mid .column.aside{margin-top:20px;}}.container.mid .column.main{z-index:2;}body > .container{padding-right:15px;padding-left:15px;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;}.widget-label{color:#333333;line-height:1;display:inline-block;}a.widget-label:after,a.cell-label:after,a.item-label:after{content:"\f101";font-family:FontAwesome;font-size:90%;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;display:inline-block;font-variant:normal;text-rendering:auto;margin-left:.25em;}.row.no-gutter{margin-right:0;margin-left:0;}.row.no-gutter > [class*="col-"]{padding-right:0;padding-left:0;}.container.mid{position:relative;z-index:1;}body.sponsored .premium-partner-attribution{font-size:75%;font-style:italic;}.column.aside{display:none;}.column.aside.flexible{display:block;}.column.aside div.mid-flex,.column.aside div.bottom-anchor,.column.aside .section.related-links{display:none;}.column.aside .section{border-top:5px solid #656565;margin-bottom:35px;}.column.aside .section h1,.column.aside .section h2{text-transform:uppercase;}.column.aside .section.headlines h1,.column.aside .section.headlines h2{margin:5px 0 20px 5px;font-size:20px;}.aside .section.headlines{margin:0 auto;margin-bottom:75px;}.aside .section.headlines{margin-bottom:25px;}.column.aside .section.headlines > .content{padding:8px 0 0;overflow:hidden;max-height:292px;position:relative;}body.aans.view.sponsored .aside .section.headlines.publisher-headlines.sponsored > .content{max-height:none;}.aside .section.headlines > .content:after{background:linear-gradient(rgba(255,255,255,0) 0,#fff 75%,#fff 100%) repeat scroll 0 0 rgba(0,0,0,0);background-image:linear-gradient( rgba(255,255,255,0) 0,#fff 75%,#fff 100% );background-image:-moz-linear-gradient( rgba(255,255,255,0) 0,#fff 75%,#fff 100% );background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient( rgba(255,255,255,0) 0,#fff 75%,#fff 100% );content:"";display:block;position:absolute;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;height:30px;pointer-events:none;z-index:1;}.column.aside .section.headlines ul.stories{list-style-type:none;}ul.stories > li .location{color:#333;}ul.stories > li > a{display:block;}.section.headlines.spotlight-box ul.stories > li,.section.box.headlines ul.stories > li{padding:0 0 4px 0;}.section.box.headlines ul.stories > li > a{padding:4px 9px;}ul.stories > li .kind-of-story,ul.stories > li .location,ul.stories > li .summary{color:#333;}.column.aside .section.headlines ul.stories > li,.column.main .section.headlines.two-column ul.stories > li{-moz-box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;margin:0 auto;overflow:hidden;font-size:13px;line-height:150%;}.landing .section h1 a:after,.interior .section h1 a:after,.interior .section h2 a:after{content:"»";font-weight:normal;display:inline-block;margin:-5px 0 0 6px;}.section h2{margin-bottom:4px;}body.aans.view h2.headline,body.aans.view .column.main .story-body p.story-body-text{background-color:#fff;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.01);}body.aans.view.sponsored .column.main .story-body p.story-body-text strong.subhead{font-size:130%;}.column.aside .focus.featured.photo-row{border-top-width:0;font-size:14px;}.container.bottom .focus.trending.photo-row .widget-label,.column.aside .focus.featured.photo-row .widget-label{font-size:175%;text-transform:uppercase;}.column.aside .focus.featured.photo-row .items > .item{margin-top:25px;}.focus.featured.photo-row .items > .item > a > .teaser{width:95%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}.column.aside .focus.featured.photo-row .items > .item > a > .teaser{margin-top:12px;}.focus.featured.photo-row .items > .item > a > .teaser > .headline{font-weight:600;}.focus.featured.photo-row .items > .item > a img{margin-bottom:8px;}.focus.featured.photo-row .items > .item > a img.img-responsive.lazy{width:100%;}.section{overflow:hidden;}.credit{font-style:italic;}.credit a,.aside .credit{color:#999;}.section.box.headlines ul.stories li{list-style-type:none;line-height:18px;margin-bottom:7px;}.location{font-weight:bold;}.bottom .notes{margin-top:15px;border-top:4px solid #656565;}.notes .note{color:#666;font-size:11px;line-height:130%;margin-top:12px;}.notes .note:last-child{margin-bottom:12px;}ul.stories{clear:both;overflow:hidden;}body.aans.view .column.main .caption-and-credit{font-size:90%;padding-right:1%;padding-left:1%;}body.aans.view .column.main .caption-and-credit a{color:#333;}body.aans.view .column.main .caption-and-credit .credit{font-style:italic;text-align:right;}body.aans.view .column.main h2.headline,body.aans.view .column.main .story-body p.story-body-text{background-color:#fff;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.01);}body.aans.view .column.main .publisher-and-date{margin-top:15px;margin-bottom:10px;}body.aans.view .column.main .publisher-and-date::after{content:'';display:block;clear:both;}body.aans.view .column.main .publisher-and-date .publication-date{font-size:10px;text-transform:uppercase;float:right;}body.aans.view .column.main .publisher-and-date .publication{float:left;}body.aans.view .column.main .publisher-and-date .publication .publisher-name{font-size:15px;font-weight:600;font-style:italic;}body.aans.view .column.main .publisher-and-date .publication .publisher-logo{background-image:none;background-color:transparent;padding:0;text-indent:0;display:inline;box-sizing:content-box;}@media only screen and (min-width: 480px){body.aans.view .column.main .publisher-and-date .publication .publisher-logo{display:block;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:50%;text-indent:-99999px;}}body.aans.view .column.main h2.headline{font-size:150%;margin-bottom:12px;font-weight:700;}@media only screen and (min-width: 480px){body.aans.view .column.main h2.headline{font-size:160%;}}@media only screen and (min-width: 768px){body.aans.view .column.main h2.headline{font-size:180%;}}body.aans.view .column.main .kindofstory,body.aans.view .column.main .byline{display:block;font-size:85%;margin-bottom:10px;}body.aans.view .column.main .figure.story-header{margin-top:25px;margin-bottom:25px;}body.aans.view .column.main .figure.story-header.picture img,body.aans.view .column.main .figure.story-header.profile img,body.aans.view .column.main .figure.story-header.photoessay img,body.aans.view .column.main .figure.story-header.video > .video-container{margin:1%;max-width:98%;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.506);-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.506);-moz-box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.506);}body.aans.view .column.main .story-body p.story-body-text,body.aans.view .column.main .story-body .story-footer-link p{margin-bottom:.75em;line-height:1.5;}@media only screen and (min-width: 480px){body.aans.view .column.main .story-body li,body.aans.view .column.main .story-body p.story-body-text,body.aans.view .column.main .story-body .story-footer-link p{font-size:15px;}}@media only screen and (min-width: 768px){body.aans.view .column.main .story-body li body.aans.view .column.main .story-body p.story-body-text,body.aans.view .column.main .story-body .story-footer-link p{font-size:17px;}}.aans.view .column.main .tags.full-border{border:1px solid #dddddd;margin-top:12px;padding:10px 15px;}.aans.view .column.main .tags.rounded{font-size:75%;}.aans.view .column.main .tags.rounded .tags-label,.aans.view .column.main .tags.rounded ul li{float:left;margin-top:8px;margin-bottom:8px;}.aans.view .column.main .tags.rounded .tags-label{padding-top:4px;padding-bottom:4px;}.aans.view .column.main .tags.rounded ul li{display:inline-block;margin-left:15px;}.aans.view .column.main .tags.rounded ul li > a{transition:all 0.2s;color:#333333;display:block;font-weight:500;padding:3px 10px;border:1px solid #dddddd;border-radius:2px;}.aans.view .column.main .tags.rounded ul li::before{content:none;}body.aans.view .column.main .story-footer-link .publisher-url,body.aans.view .column.main .story-footer-link .source-url{font-weight:bold;}body.aans.view .column.main .copyright-notice{border-style:solid;border-color:#dddddd;border-width:1px 0;font-size:80%;padding:10px 0;}.aans.view .column.main .cross-story-navigation{border-style:solid;border-color:#dddddd;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;margin-top:15px;margin-bottom:15px;}.aans.view .column.main .cross-story-navigation .prev-next{font-weight:600;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:10px;}.aans.view .column.main .cross-story-navigation .prev-next .prev-next-label{margin-top:7px;}.aans.view .column.main .cross-story-navigation .prev-next .headline{margin-bottom:7px;color:#333333;}.aans.view .column.main .cross-story-navigation .prev-next.prev{text-align:left;}.aans.view .column.main .cross-story-navigation .prev-next.prev i.fa{margin-right:5px;}.aans.view .column.main .cross-story-navigation .prev-next.next{text-align:right;}.aans.view .column.main .cross-story-navigation .prev-next.next i.fa{margin-left:5px;}.aans.view .column.main .cross-story-navigation .prev-next.active .prev-next-label{color:#c41313;}.aans.view .column.main .cross-story-navigation .prev-next.inactive .prev-next-label{color:#dddddd;}.aans.view .column.main .cross-story-navigation .prev-next a{display:block;}label{display:block;font-weight:bold;line-height:21px;}body > .container.footer{background:#2c2c2c url(https://cdn05.allafrica.com/static/images/structure/bg-footer.png) 0 0 repeat-x;border-bottom-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-left-radius:6px;color:#ddd;overflow:hidden;}body > .container.footer a{color:#ddd;}body > .container.footer .legal{text-align:center;}body > .container.footer .colophon,body > .container.footer .rss-and-site-links{margin-top:15px;}body > .container.footer .rss-and-site-links{max-width:220px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}body > .container.footer .colophon p{padding:0;margin-bottom:7px;}body > .container.footer .legal{margin-top:15px;}body > .container.footer .legal > ul,body > .container.footer .rss-and-site-links .site-links{list-style-type:none;}body > .container.footer .rss-and-site-links .connect,body > .container.footer .rss-and-site-links .site-links li{margin-top:12px;}body > .container.footer .rss-and-site-links .site-links li:first-child{margin-top:0;}body > .container.footer .trademark{text-align:center;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:50px;}body > .container.footer ul.site-links > li > a{background-color:#444;display:block;-webkit-border-radius:6px;-moz-border-radius:6px;border-radius:6px;font-weight:bold;padding:5px 9px;text-transform:uppercase;font-size:80%;line-height:1;}body > .container.footer .rss-and-site-links .donate{background-color:#a40a0a;}body > .container.footer .rss-and-site-links .newsletter-signup-trigger{cursor:pointer;}body > .container.footer .rss-and-site-links ul.site-links > li > a > i.fa{display:none;}body > .container.footer .rss-and-site-links div.app-download{display:none;}body > .container.footer .rss-and-site-links .connect{color:#ddd;text-decoration:none;}:lang(en) body > .container.footer .rss-and-site-links .connect{font-size:20px;}:lang(fr) body > .container.footer .rss-and-site-links .connect{font-size:22px;}.container.bottom .spotlight-grid{margin-top:17px;}.story-navigation-arrow{display:none;}@media only screen and (min-width: 235px){.story-navigation-arrow{display:block !important;overflow:hidden;background-color:#fcfcfc;opacity:.7;transition:all 1s ease-in-out .7s;border-color:#ccc;border-style:solid;cursor:pointer;height:60px;position:fixed;top:50%;-webkit-transform:translateY(-50%);-ms-transform:translateY(-50%);transform:translateY(-50%);width:190px;}.story-navigation-arrow.next{border-radius:5px 0 0 5px;border-width:1px 0 1px 1px;right:-162px;}.story-navigation-arrow .arrow{position:absolute;top:50%;transform:translateY(-50%);}.story-navigation-arrow .arrow .icon{width:15px;height:15px;text-indent:-9999px;background-position:center center;background-size:cover;background-color:transparent;}.story-navigation-arrow.next .arrow{left:5px;}.story-navigation-arrow.next .arrow .icon{background-image:url(https://cdn09.allafrica.com/static/images/structure/arrowhead-right.png);}.story-navigation-arrow .item{transition:opacity 1s ease-in-out 1s;opacity:1;line-height:125%;color:#333;font-size:12px;font-weight:bold;height:100%;position:relative;}.story-navigation-arrow .item > .content{position:absolute;top:50%;-webkit-transform:translateY(-50%);-ms-transform:translateY(-50%);transform:translateY(-50%);}.story-navigation-arrow.next .item > .content{left:28px;padding-right:8px;}}@media only screen and (min-width: 480px){.story-navigation-arrow{height:80px;width:245px;}.story-navigation-arrow.next{right:-210px;}.story-navigation-arrow .arrow .icon{width:20px;height:20px;}.story-navigation-arrow.next .arrow{left:8px;}.story-navigation-arrow.next .item > .content{left:35px;padding-right:10px;}}@media only screen and (min-width: 320px){body > .container.footer .rss-and-site-links div.app-download{display:block;}body > .container.footer .rss-and-site-links div.app-download > div > a{display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;}body > .container.footer .rss-and-site-links div.app-download > div > a > img{width:100%;}body > .container.footer .rss-and-site-links div.app-download > div.google-play-download > a{float:right;width:163px;}body > .container.footer .rss-and-site-links div.app-download > div.app-store-download > a{float:left;width:calc( ( 43px / 40 * 140 ) + 1px );padding:10px;}}@media only screen and (min-width: 360px){body > .container.footer .legal > ul > li{display:inline-block;}body > .container.footer .legal > ul > li:before{content:"// ";margin-left:.5em;margin-right:.5em;}body > .container.footer .legal > ul > li:first-child:before{content:"";display:none;}}@media only screen and (min-width: 480px){body > .container.footer .rss-and-site-links .site-links{text-align:left;}body > .container.footer .rss-and-site-links ul.site-links > li > a > i.fa{display:inline-block;margin-right:4px;width:1em;}body > .container.footer .rss-and-site-links div.app-download > div.google-play-download > a,body > .container.footer .rss-and-site-links div.app-download > div.app-store-download > a{float:none;}body > .container.footer .rss-and-site-links div.app-download > div.app-store-download > a{width:163px;}body > .container.footer .rss-and-site-links div.app-download > div > a{margin:0 auto;}.column.aside .section.headlines h2{margin:5px 0 20px 0;}.column.aside .section.headlines ul.stories > li,.column.main .section.headlines.two-column ul.stories > li{width:50%;float:left;}.column.aside .section.headlines ul.stories > li:nth-child(even),.column.main .section.headlines.two-column ul.stories > li:nth-child(even){float:right;}.column.aside .section.headlines ul.stories > li:nth-child(odd),.column.main .section.headlines.two-column ul.stories > li:nth-child(odd){clear:both;}}@media only screen and (min-width: 768px){body > .container.footer .colophon p{padding-left:51px;background:url(https://cdn06.allafrica.com/static/images/structure/aa-logo-gray.png) 0 0 no-repeat;}body > .container.footer .colophon p,body > .container.footer .rss-and-site-links .site-links{padding-top:16px;}body > .container.footer .rss-and-site-links div.app-download > div.google-play-download > a{float:right;}body > .container.footer .rss-and-site-links div.app-download > div.app-store-download > a{float:left;width:calc( ( 43px / 40 * 140 ) + 1px );}.ad-container.gpt-ad.pixel-a,.ad-container.gpt-ad.pixel-b{display:block;}.logo a,.utility .search{margin-bottom:0;}.column.aside{display:block;}.column.aside.flexible{position:absolute;right:0;top:0;bottom:0;}.column.aside div.mid-flex,.column.aside div.bottom-anchor,.column.aside .section.related-links{display:block;}.column.aside div.top-anchor > div,.column.aside div.bottom-anchor > div{overflow:hidden;}body.aans.view .column.main,body.aans.view .column.aside.flexible{min-height:1655px;}.column.aside .section.headlines h1,.column.aside .section.headlines h2{margin:0 0 14px 0;font-size:16px;}.column.aside .section.headlines ul.stories li{width:100%;}.column.aside .section.headlines ul.stories li,.column.aside .section.headlines ul.stories li:nth-child(even){float:none;}.column.aside .section.headlines ul.stories li:nth-child(odd){clear:none;}.column.aside.flexible .mid-flex{content:"";box-sizing:border-box;}.column.aside.flexible .top-anchor{overflow:hidden;}.column.aside.flexible .bottom-anchor{background-color:#fff;bottom:0;position:absolute;left:15px;right:15px;}.column.aside.flexible .bottom-anchor:before{background:linear-gradient(rgba(255,255,255,0) 0,#fff 75%,#fff 100%) repeat scroll 0 0 rgba(0,0,0,0);background-image:linear-gradient( rgba(255,255,255,0) 0,#fff 75%,#fff 100% );background-image:-moz-linear-gradient( rgba(255,255,255,0) 0,#fff 75%,#fff 100% );background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient( rgba(255,255,255,0) 0,#fff 75%,#fff 100% );content:"";display:block;position:absolute;left:0;right:0;top:-50px;height:50px;pointer-events:none;z-index:1;}} </style> <style> .container.content-area-top { background-color: #fff; } </style> <script> const ___reqID="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx".replace(/[xy]/g,function(c){var r=16*Math.random()|0,v;return("x"==c?r:3&r|8).toString(16)}); var JDEV={logging:{logToServer:function(){var logEventObject=Object.assign({_class:"info",_tag:"none",_location:location.href,_browser:navigator.userAgent,___reqID:___reqID,__time:(new Date()).toISOString()},arguments[0]);var arr=["_class","_tag"];for(var i=0;i<arr.length;i++){var key=arr[i];logEventObject[key]="["+logEventObject[key].toUpperCase()+"]"}var keys=Object.keys(logEventObject);keys.sort();var postData=keys.map(function(key){return encodeURIComponent(key)+"="+encodeURIComponent(logEventObject[key])}).join("&");try{var xhr=new XMLHttpRequest;xhr.open("POST","/functions/jdev-logger.json",true);xhr.setRequestHeader("X-Requested-With","XMLHttpRequest");xhr.setRequestHeader("Content-Type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded");xhr.send(postData)}catch(e){console.log(e)}}}};; window.onerror = function (message, source, line, col, error) { try{ JDEV.logging.logToServer( { _tag: 'window.onerror', message: message, source: source, line: line, col: col, error: error } ); console.error( error ); } catch (e) {} return true; } </script> <script> window._ready = window._ready || { 'push': function (el) { (_ready.q = _ready.q || []).push(el); } }; var __aaVerbose = new RegExp("(^|\\s)is-dev(\\s|$)").test( document.getElementsByTagName("html")[0].getAttribute("class") ); function logError(e){JDEV.logging.logToServer({_tag:"logError",message:e.message,stack:e.stack});if(__aaVerbose&&window["console"]&&console.error)console.error(e)} function ready(fn){function eventCallback(){try{fn()}catch(error){try{JDEV.logging.logToServer({_tag:"ready",error:error});console.error(error)}catch(e){}}}if("interactive"===document.readyState||"complete"===document.readyState)window.setTimeout(eventCallback);else if(document.addEventListener)document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",eventCallback,false);else if(document.attachEvent)document.attachEvent("onreadystatechange",function(){if("interactive"===document.readyState)eventCallback()});else try{JDEV.logging.logToServer({_tag:"ready",message:"unhandled ready condition"});console.error(error)}catch(e){}} var eventToolsQueue = []; </script> <script> var doLoadAds = true; var doLoadTracking = true; var doLoadSocial = true; var requestNonPersonalizedAds = true; </script> <script> !function(){"use strict";var t;(function(t){t.t=function(){for(var t,e,n="__tcfapiLocator",r=[],i=window;i;){try{if(i.frames[n]){t=i;break}}catch(t){}if(i===window.top)break;i=i.parent}t||(function t(){var e=i.document,r=!!i.frames[n];if(!r)if(e.body){var a=e.createElement("iframe");a.style.cssText="display:none",a.name=n,e.body.appendChild(a)}else setTimeout(t,5);return!r}(),i.__tcfapi=function(){for(var t=arguments.length,n=new Array(t),i=0;i<t;i++)n[i]=arguments[i];if(!n.length)return r;if("setGdprApplies"===n[0])n.length>3&&2===parseInt(n[1],10)&&"boolean"==typeof n[3]&&(e=n[3],"function"==typeof n[2]&&n[2]("set",!0));else if("ping"===n[0]){var a={gdprApplies:e,cmpLoaded:!1,cmpStatus:"stub"};"function"==typeof n[2]&&n[2](a)}else r.push(n)},i.addEventListener("message",(function(t){var e="string"==typeof t.data,n={};try{n=e?JSON.parse(t.data):t.data}catch(t){}var r=n.i;r&&window.__tcfapi(r.command,r.version,(function(n,i){var a={o:{returnValue:n,s:i,u:r.u}};e&&(a=JSON.stringify(a)),t&&t.source&&t.source.postMessage&&t.source.postMessage(a,"*")}),r.p)}),!1))}}(t={t:{}}),t.t)()}(); </script> <script> var clickioConsentCallback = { fired: false, consentState: 'UNSET', }; (window.__lxG__consent__= window.__lxG__consent__||{}).consentCallback = function(consentState) { // EEA user, consent interface shown, cmp loaded, user has not decided yet if ( consentState === -1 ) return; if ( clickioConsentCallback.fired ) return; clickioConsentCallback.fired = true; clickioConsentCallback.consentState = consentState; }; </script> <script async src="//clickiocmp.com/t/consent_215885.js"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5P8RKMB865', {"categories":["armsandarm","centralafr","conflict","eastafrica","externalre","io","peacekeepi","rwanda"],"gurl_command":"view","gurl_doc_id":"200911120079","gurl_doctype":"aans","gurl_publisher_key":"AllAfrica_Publisher|editorial|00010267","is_grouped":"F","is_sponsored":"F","item_age":5497,"site_language":"en"}); </script> <script> // initialize FB settings var FBIsLoaded = false; window.__FBAppId = '100369188719'; </script> <script> // initialize GPT objects window.googletag = window.googletag || {cmd: []}; // initialize AdSense object window.adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []; // make publisher id available in downstream JS window.googleAdClient = "ca-pub-2420009840005975"; // initialize in-house objects window.slots = {}; window.mappings = {}; </script> <script> loadjs=function(){var h=function(){},c={},u={},f={};function o(e,n){if(e){var r=f[e];if(u[e]=n,r)for(;r.length;)r[0](e,n),r.splice(0,1)}}function l(e,n){e.call&&(e={success:e}),n.length?(e.error||h)(n):(e.success||h)(e)}function d(r,t,s,i){var c,o,e=document,n=s.async,u=(s.numRetries||0)+1,f=s.before||h,l=r.replace(/[\?|#].*$/,""),a=r.replace(/^(css|img)!/,"");i=i||0,/(^css!|\.css$)/.test(l)?((o=e.createElement("link")).rel="stylesheet",o.href=a,(c="hideFocus"in o)&&o.relList&&(c=0,o.rel="preload",o.as="style")):/(^img!|\.(png|gif|jpg|svg)$)/.test(l)?(o=e.createElement("img")).src=a:((o=e.createElement("script")).src=r,o.async=void 0===n||n),!(o.onload=o.onerror=o.onbeforeload=function(e){var n=e.type[0];if(c)try{o.sheet.cssText.length||(n="e")}catch(e){18!=e.code&&(n="e")}if("e"==n){if((i+=1)<u)return d(r,t,s,i)}else if("preload"==o.rel&&"style"==o.as)return o.rel="stylesheet";t(r,n,e.defaultPrevented)})!==f(r,o)&&e.head.appendChild(o)}function r(e,n,r){var t,s;if(n&&n.trim&&(t=n),s=(t?r:n)||{},t){if(t in c)throw"LoadJS";c[t]=!0}function i(n,r){!function(e,t,n){var r,s,i=(e=e.push?e:[e]).length,c=i,o=[];for(r=function(e,n,r){if("e"==n&&o.push(e),"b"==n){if(!r)return;o.push(e)}--i||t(o)},s=0;s<c;s++)d(e[s],r,n)}(e,function(e){l(s,e),n&&l({success:n,error:r},e),o(t,e)},s)}if(s.returnPromise)return new Promise(i);i()}return r.ready=function(e,n){return function(e,r){e=e.push?e:[e];var n,t,s,i=[],c=e.length,o=c;for(n=function(e,n){n.length&&i.push(e),--o||r(i)};c--;)t=e[c],(s=u[t])?n(t,s):(f[t]=f[t]||[]).push(n)}(e,function(e){l(n,e)}),r},r.done=function(e){o(e,[])},r.reset=function(){c={},u={},f={}},r.isDefined=function(e){return e in c},r}(); </script> <script> function _wb(queryForm){function qps(params){if(0===Object.keys(params).length)return"";params._u=window.location.href;params._r=window.frames.top.document.referrer;params._n=new Number(Math.floor(9999999999*Math.random())+1);var keys=Object.keys(params);keys.sort();return"?"+keys.map(function(key){return encodeURIComponent(key)+"="+encodeURIComponent(params[key])}).join("&")}"object"==typeof queryForm&&Object.keys(queryForm).length>0&&(new Image(1,1).src="https://allafrica.com/_wb"+qps(queryForm))} </script> <script> "use strict"; function loadJSSuccessCallback (bundle) { if ( typeof( loadJSSuccessCallbacks[bundle] ) !== 'function' ) return; loadJSSuccessCallbacks[bundle](); } function fireLoadJSBundle (bundle) { if ( typeof( loadJSBundles[bundle] ) !== 'function' ) return; loadJSBundles[bundle](); } var loadJSSuccessCallbacks = { social: function () { let nodeList = document.querySelectorAll('.sticky-panel-container > .sticky-panel'); for (let i = 0; i < nodeList.length; i++) { let node = nodeList[i]; if ( ! isHidden( node ) ) continue; node.style.display = ''; } }, 'cmp': function () { if ( clickioConsentCallback.fired && clickioConsentCallback.consentState !== 'UNSET' ) { return triggerConsentAction({ consentState: clickioConsentCallback.consentState, }); } // end if fired (window.__lxG__consent__= window.__lxG__consent__||{}).consentCallback = function( consentState ) { // EEA user, consent interface shown, cmp loaded, user has not decided yet if ( consentState === -1 ) return; clickioConsentCallback.fired = true; clickioConsentCallback.consentState = consentState; return triggerConsentAction({ consentState: consentState, }); }; // close consentCallback }, 'analytics': function () { fireLoadJSBundle('events'); }, 'events': function () { try{initEventTools();}catch(e){logError(e);} }, 'lazyload': function () { const images = document.querySelectorAll('img.lazy'); lazyload(images,{rootMargin:"200px 0px"}); }, 'header': function(){ fireLoadJSBundle('cmp'); }, }; var loadJSBundles = { 'adsense': function () { if ( loadjs.isDefined( 'adsense' ) ) return false; loadjs( ["https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"], 'adsense', { success: function() { loadJSSuccessCallback( 'adsense' ); }, numRetries: 3, }); }, 'analytics': function () { if ( loadjs.isDefined( 'analytics' ) ) return false; loadjs( ["https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js","https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5P8RKMB865"], 'analytics', { success: function() { loadJSSuccessCallback( 'analytics' ); }, numRetries: 3, }); }, 'clickio': function () { if ( loadjs.isDefined( 'clickio' ) ) return false; loadjs( ["https://s.clickiocdn.com/t/215885/360_light.js"], 'clickio', { success: function() { loadJSSuccessCallback( 'clickio' ); }, numRetries: 3, }); }, 'cmp': function () { if ( loadjs.isDefined( 'cmp' ) ) return false; loadjs( ["https://cdn03.allafrica.com/static/js/header-cmp-functions.min.js?v=2024112800","https://cdn09.allafrica.com/static/js/header-ad-functions.min.js?v=2024112800"], 'cmp', { success: function() { loadJSSuccessCallback( 'cmp' ); }, numRetries: 3, }); }, 'events': function () { if ( loadjs.isDefined( 'events' ) ) return false; loadjs( ["https://cdn01.allafrica.com/static/js/event-tools.min.js?v=2024112800"], 'events', { success: function() { loadJSSuccessCallback( 'events' ); }, numRetries: 3, }); }, 'gpt': function () { if ( loadjs.isDefined( 'gpt' ) ) return false; loadjs( ["https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js"], 'gpt', { success: function() { loadJSSuccessCallback( 'gpt' ); }, numRetries: 3, }); }, 'header': function () { if ( loadjs.isDefined( 'header' ) ) return false; loadjs( ["https://cdn09.allafrica.com/static/js/header.min.js?v=2024112800"], 'header', { success: function() { loadJSSuccessCallback( 'header' ); }, numRetries: 3, }); }, 'lazyload': function () { if ( loadjs.isDefined( 'lazyload' ) ) return false; loadjs( ["https://cdn06.allafrica.com/static/js/lazyload/2.0.0/lazyload.min.js?v=2024112800"], 'lazyload', { success: function() { loadJSSuccessCallback( 'lazyload' ); }, numRetries: 3, }); }, 'queue': function () { if ( loadjs.isDefined( 'queue' ) ) return false; loadjs( ["https://cdn07.allafrica.com/static/js/queue.min.js?v=2024112800"], 'queue', { success: function() { loadJSSuccessCallback( 'queue' ); }, numRetries: 3, }); }, 'social': function () { if ( loadjs.isDefined( 'social' ) ) return false; loadjs( ["https://cdn01.allafrica.com/static/js/facebook.min.js?v=2024112800","https://cdn08.allafrica.com/static/js/twitter.min.js?v=2024112800"], 'social', { success: function() { loadJSSuccessCallback( 'social' ); }, numRetries: 3, }); }, 'trackers': function () { if ( loadjs.isDefined( 'trackers' ) ) return false; loadjs( ["https://cdn03.allafrica.com/static/js/quantcast.min.js?v=2024112800","https://cdn09.allafrica.com/static/js/comscore.min.js?v=2024112800","https://cdn03.allafrica.com/static/js/cxense.min.js?v=2024112800"], 'trackers', { success: function() { loadJSSuccessCallback( 'trackers' ); }, numRetries: 3, }); }, }; </script> <title>Rwanda: Monuc Accused of Sharing Intelligence With FDLR Leaders - allAfrica.com</title> <link rel="icon" href="https://cdn03.allafrica.com/static/images/structure/favicon.ico"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://cdn03.allafrica.com/static/images/structure/favicon.ico"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://cdn04.allafrica.com/static/images/structure/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://allafrica.com/stories/200911120079.html"> <link media="print" type="text/css" href="https://cdn09.allafrica.com/static/css/bootstrap/3.3.7/bootstrap-xxs-tn.min.css?v=2024112800" rel="stylesheet" onload="this.media='all'; this.onload=null;"> <link media="print" type="text/css" href="https://cdn02.allafrica.com/static/css/bootstrap/3.3.7/bootstrap.min.css?v=2024112800" rel="stylesheet" onload="this.media='all'; this.onload=null;"> <link media="print" type="text/css" href="https://cdn05.allafrica.com/static/css/font-awesome/4.7.0/font-awesome.min.css?v=2024112800" rel="stylesheet" onload="this.media='all'; this.onload=null;"> <link media="print" type="text/css" href="https://cdn03.allafrica.com/static/css/screen.min.css?v=2024112800" rel="stylesheet" onload="this.media='all'; this.onload=null;"> <link media="print" type="text/css" href="https://cdn03.allafrica.com/static/css/print.min.css?v=2024112800" rel="stylesheet" onload="this.media='print'; this.onload=null;"> <script><!-- if ( top != self ) { top.location.replace(location.href); } --></script> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { mappings['RightA'] = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([768,0], [[336,280],[320,480],[300,1050],[300,600],[300,250],[160,600],[120,600]]).addSize([370,0], [[336,280],[320,480],[300,600],[300,250]]).addSize([350,0], [[320,480],[300,600],[300,250]]).addSize([0,0], [[300,600],[300,250]]).build(); mappings['RightB'] = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([768,0], [[336,280],[320,480],[300,600],[300,250],[160,600],[120,600]]).addSize([370,0], [[336,280],[320,480],[300,600],[300,250]]).addSize([350,0], [[320,480],[300,600],[300,250]]).addSize([0,0], [[300,600],[300,250]]).build(); slots['RightA'] = googletag.defineSlot("/1001373/AllAfrica_RightA", [[336,280],[320,480],[300,1050],[300,600],[300,250],[160,600],[120,600]], "div-gpt-async-ad-right-a").defineSizeMapping(mappings['RightA']).addService(googletag.pubads()); slots['RightB'] = googletag.defineSlot("/1001373/AllAfrica_RightB", [[336,280],[320,480],[300,600],[300,250],[160,600],[120,600]], "div-gpt-async-ad-right-b").defineSizeMapping(mappings['RightB']).addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("Categories",["Arms and Military Affairs","Central Africa","Conflict, Peace and Security","East Africa","External Relations","International Organizations and Africa","Peacekeeping and Conflict Resolution","Rwanda"]).setTargeting("Command",["view"]).setTargeting("Doctype",["aans"]).setTargeting("Id",["200911120079"]).setTargeting("Index",["post"]).setTargeting("IsGrouped",["F"]).setTargeting("IsPopular",["F"]).setTargeting("IsSponsored",["F"]).setTargeting("ItemAge",["5497"]).setTargeting("Language",["english"]).setTargeting("NativeEnabled",["F"]).setTargeting("PageType",["Articles"]).setTargeting("PublisherKey",["AllAfrica_Publisher|editorial|00010267"]).setTargeting("Section",["AllAfrica_NewsStory"]).setTargeting("Store",["post"]); // with disableInitialLoad(), in order to render ads we must call display(), in fetchDFPAds() and refresh(), in fireDFP() googletag.pubads().disableInitialLoad(); googletag.pubads().setCentering(true); googletag.pubads().collapseEmptyDivs(); googletag.enableServices(); }); </script> <script> var _qevents = _qevents || []; _qevents.push( { qacct:"p-e1eaCwfv4zVTI"} ); </script> <!-- Begin comScore Tag --> <script> var _comscore = _comscore || []; _comscore.push({ c1: "2", c2: "13865518" }); </script> <!-- End comScore Tag --> <!-- cXense script begin --> <script> var cX = cX || {}; cX.callQueue = cX.callQueue || []; cX.callQueue.push(['setSiteId', '9222314110563703887']); cX.callQueue.push(['sendPageViewEvent']); </script> <!-- cXense script end --> </head> <body class="interior story aans view restricted"> <nav id="nav-sidebar" aria-expanded="false" class="uninitialized" data-source="https://allafrica.com/includes/html/nav/sidebar-nav.html" ></nav> <style> @media screen{#nav-sidebar{width:250px;position:fixed;top:0;left:-260px;bottom:1vh;z-index:1031;transition:all 0.3s;overflow-y:auto;box-shadow:3px 3px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);}#nav-sidebar.active{left:0;}#nav-sidebar .nav-sidebar-content{background:#fff;color:#333;position:relative;padding:7px 22px 7px;min-height:100%;}#nav-sidebar .language-switch{padding-left:12px;}#nav-sidebar i.dismiss{display:block;width:35px;height:35px;color:#777;line-height:35px;text-align:center;float:right;cursor:pointer;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s;-o-transition:all 0.3s;transition:all 0.3s;}#nav-sidebar i.dismiss:active,#nav-sidebar i.dismiss:focus,#nav-sidebar i.dismiss:hover{background:#efefef;color:#333;}#nav-sidebar ul.menu{margin-top:7px;}#nav-sidebar ul.menu,#nav-sidebar ul.submenu{list-style-type:none;}#nav-sidebar ul.menu > li.divider,#nav-sidebar ul.submenu > li.divider{height:1px;margin:9px 0;overflow:hidden;background-color:#e5e5e5;}#nav-sidebar ul.menu > li > a,#nav-sidebar ul.submenu > li > a{padding:10px;}#nav-sidebar ul.menu > li > a{padding-left:15px;}#nav-sidebar ul.menu > li > ul.submenu > li > a{padding-left:25px;}#nav-sidebar ul.menu > li > ul.submenu > li > ul.submenu > li > a{padding-left:35px;}#nav-sidebar a{color:#777;}#nav-sidebar a,#nav-sidebar a:hover,#nav-sidebar a:focus{color:inherit;text-decoration:none;transition:all 0.3s;display:block;}#nav-sidebar a:active,#nav-sidebar a:focus,#nav-sidebar a:hover{color:#333;background-color:#efefef;font-weight:500;}#nav-sidebar a.submenu-trigger{position:relative;color:#333;background-color:#efefef;}#nav-sidebar a.submenu-trigger.collapsed{color:#777;background-color:#fff;}#nav-sidebar a.submenu-trigger.collapsed:active,#nav-sidebar a.submenu-trigger.collapsed:focus,#nav-sidebar a.submenu-trigger.collapsed:hover{color:#333;background-color:#efefef;}#nav-sidebar a.submenu-trigger::after{display:block;position:absolute;right:20px;top:50%;-webkit-transform:translateY(-50%);-ms-transform:translateY(-50%);transform:translateY(-50%);transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;content:'\f0d7';font-family:FontAwesome;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;font-variant:normal;text-rendering:auto;}#nav-sidebar a.submenu-trigger.collapsed::after{content:'\f0da';}#nav-sidebar form.search{margin-bottom:12px;}} </style> <div id="sticky-masthead-scroll-tracker"></div> <div id="sticky-masthead" class="sticky-masthead fixed-top"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-tn-12"> <nav class="nav-corner-logo"> <div class="logo"> <div class="ar-outer"> <div class="ar-inner"> <a href="/">AllAfrica</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="top-right-button-container"> <div class="btn-group-vertical"> <a class="navbar-link btn btn-sm btn-default navbar-btn active" href="/">English <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a> <a class="navbar-link btn btn-sm btn-default navbar-btn" href="https://fr.allafrica.com/">En Français</a> </div> <ul> <li> <a class="navbar-link nav-sidebar-toggle" href="/misc/sitemap/categories.html" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="navbar-link btn btn-sm btn-default navbar-btn my-account" href="/commerce/user/manage/"> <span class="sr-only">My Account</span> <i class="fa fa-user-o"></i> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav class="nav-center-logo"> <div class="top-left-button-container"> <a class="navbar-link nav-sidebar-toggle" href="/misc/sitemap/categories.html" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </a> </div> <div class="logo"> <div class="ar-outer"> <div class="ar-inner"> <a href="/">AllAfrica</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="top-right-button-container"> <a class="navbar-link btn btn-sm btn-default navbar-btn my-account" href="/commerce/user/manage/"> <span class="sr-only">My Account</span> <i class="fa fa-user-o"></i> </a> <div class="btn-group language-switching"> <a class="navbar-link btn btn-sm btn-default navbar-btn active" href="/">English <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a> <a class="navbar-link btn btn-sm btn-default navbar-btn" href="https://fr.allafrica.com/">En Français</a> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div><!--/.container--> </div> <script> if ( ! loadjs.isDefined( 'sticky-masthead' ) ) { loadjs( ["https://cdn05.allafrica.com/static/js/sticky-masthead.min.js?v=2024112800"], 'sticky-masthead', { async: true, }); } </script> <style> body{padding-top:50px;}.sticky-masthead{background-color:#f4f4f4;position:relative;right:0;left:0;box-shadow:0 0 5px 1px #888;}.sticky-masthead.fixed-top{position:fixed;top:0;z-index:100;}.sticky-masthead .top-left-button-container{float:left;}.sticky-masthead .top-right-button-container{float:right;}#sticky-masthead-scroll-tracker{position:absolute;top:6px;height:1px;width:1px;}.sticky-masthead .top-right-button-container > ul,.sticky-masthead .top-right-button-container > .btn-group,.sticky-masthead .top-right-button-container > .btn-group-vertical,.sticky-masthead .top-right-button-container > .navbar-btn{float:right;}.sticky-masthead nav.nav-center-logo{display:none;}.sticky-masthead nav.nav-corner-logo .top-right-button-container{margin-top:8px;margin-bottom:8px;}.sticky-masthead nav.nav-corner-logo .top-right-button-container .navbar-btn{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;}.sticky-masthead nav.nav-corner-logo .top-right-button-container .nav-sidebar-toggle{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:3px;}.sticky-masthead nav.nav-corner-logo .top-right-button-container > ul{list-style-type:none;float:right;display:inline-block;position:relative;margin-left:3px;}.sticky-masthead nav.nav-corner-logo .top-right-button-container > ul > li{line-height:0;}.sticky-masthead nav.nav-center-logo .top-right-button-container .navbar-btn.my-account{margin-left:3px;}.sticky-masthead .nav-sidebar-toggle{display:inline-block;margin-right:3px;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:10px;}.sticky-masthead .nav-sidebar-toggle .icon-bar{display:block;background-color:#333;width:20px;height:3px;border-radius:1px;}.sticky-masthead .nav-sidebar-toggle .icon-bar+.icon-bar{margin-top:3px;}.sticky-masthead .navbar-link{color:#777;}.sticky-masthead .btn:hover .navbar-link,.sticky-masthead .btn:active .navbar-link,.sticky-masthead .btn:focus .navbar-link{color:#333;font-weight:500;}.sticky-masthead .navbar-btn{font-size:10px;padding:1px 5px;line-height:1.5;}.sticky-masthead .navbar-btn i.fa{line-height:inherit;display:block;}.sticky-masthead .logo{}.sticky-masthead .logo .ar-outer .ar-inner{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;}.sticky-masthead .logo .ar-outer .ar-inner a{background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;text-indent:-9999px;width:100%;height:100%;display:block;}.sticky-masthead nav.nav-corner-logo .logo,.sticky-masthead nav.nav-center-logo .logo{float:left;}.sticky-masthead nav.nav-corner-logo .logo{width:38px;}.sticky-masthead nav.nav-center-logo .logo{width:22px;margin-left:3%;}.operamini .sticky-masthead nav.nav-center-logo .logo{width:20px;margin-left:2px;}.sticky-masthead nav.nav-corner-logo .logo .ar-outer,.sticky-masthead nav.nav-center-logo .logo .ar-outer{width:100%;height:0;padding-bottom:100%;position:relative;}.sticky-masthead nav.nav-corner-logo .logo .ar-outer .ar-inner a,.sticky-masthead nav.nav-center-logo .logo .ar-outer .ar-inner a{background-image:url(https://cdn07.allafrica.com/static/images/structure/aa-logo-rgba-no-text-128x128.png);}.sticky-masthead .logo{margin-top:8px;margin-bottom:8px;}@media only screen and (min-width: 235px){body{padding-top:35px;}.sticky-masthead nav.nav-corner-logo{display:none;}.sticky-masthead nav.nav-center-logo{display:block;}}@media only screen and (min-width: 280px){.sticky-masthead nav.nav-center-logo .logo{width:25%;float:left;margin-left:5%;margin-right:0;}.sticky-masthead nav.nav-center-logo .logo .ar-outer{padding-bottom:37.61468%;}.sticky-masthead nav.nav-center-logo .logo .ar-outer .ar-inner a{background-image:url(https://cdn09.allafrica.com/static/images/structure/aa-logo.png);}}@media only screen and (min-width: 320px){.sticky-masthead nav.nav-center-logo .logo{margin-left:10%;}}@media only screen and (min-width: 380px){body{padding-top:45px;}.sticky-masthead nav.nav-center-logo .logo{margin-left:15%;}}@media only screen and (min-width: 480px){body{padding-top:55px;}.sticky-masthead .navbar-btn{font-size:11px;}.sticky-masthead nav.nav-center-logo .logo{margin-left:25%;}}@media only screen and (min-width: 560px){body{padding-top:60px;}.sticky-masthead .navbar-btn{font-size:12px;}.sticky-masthead nav.nav-center-logo .logo{margin-left:30%;}}@media only screen and (min-width: 768px){body{padding-top:95px;}.sticky-masthead .navbar-btn,.sticky-masthead .nav-sidebar-toggle .icon-bar,.sticky-masthead .logo,.sticky-masthead .logo .ar-outer .ar-inner a{-webkit-transition:all .3s ease;-o-transition:all .3s ease;transition:all .3s ease;}.sticky-masthead .top-left-button-container,.sticky-masthead .top-right-button-container{position:absolute;top:0;}.sticky-masthead .top-left-button-container{left:15px;}.sticky-masthead .top-right-button-container{right:15px;}.sticky-masthead .navbar-btn{padding:5px 10px;font-size:12px;}.sticky-masthead.small .navbar-btn{padding:1px 5px;}.sticky-masthead.medium .navbar-btn{padding:3px 7px;}.sticky-masthead.large .navbar-btn{padding:5px 10px;}.sticky-masthead .nav-sidebar-toggle .icon-bar{width:24px;height:4px;border-radius:2px;}.sticky-masthead .nav-sidebar-toggle .icon-bar+.icon-bar{margin-top:5px;}.sticky-masthead.small .nav-sidebar-toggle .icon-bar{width:20px;height:3px;border-radius:1px;}.sticky-masthead.small .nav-sidebar-toggle .icon-bar+.icon-bar{margin-top:3px;}.sticky-masthead.medium .nav-sidebar-toggle .icon-bar{width:22px;height:4px;border-radius:2px;}.sticky-masthead.medium .nav-sidebar-toggle .icon-bar+.icon-bar{margin-top:4px;}.sticky-masthead.large .nav-sidebar-toggle .icon-bar{width:24px;height:4px;border-radius:2px;}.sticky-masthead.large .nav-sidebar-toggle .icon-bar+.icon-bar{margin-top:5px;}.sticky-masthead nav.nav-center-logo .logo{width:218px;float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}.sticky-masthead.small nav.nav-center-logo .logo{width:130px;}.sticky-masthead.medium nav.nav-center-logo .logo{width:175px;}.sticky-masthead.large nav.nav-center-logo .logo{width:218px;}} </style> <div class="container subnav"> </div><!--/.container.subnav--> <div class="container mid"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-tn-12 col-sm-8 column main"> <script> ready( function () { _wb({"uan":0,"_t":"access","_l":"en","uaz":0,"azr":1}); } ); </script> <h2 class="headline">Rwanda: Monuc Accused of Sharing Intelligence With FDLR Leaders</h2> <!-- AddToAny BEGIN --> <div class="sharebar solid top a2a_kit a2a_default_style uninitialized" data-a2a-title='Monuc Accused of Sharing Intelligence With FDLR Leaders' data-a2a-url='https://allafrica.com/stories/200911120079.html'> <a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a> <a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a> <a class="a2a_button_whatsapp"></a> <a class="a2a_button_flipboard"></a> <a class="a2a_button_linkedin"></a> <a class="a2a_button_reddit"></a> <a class="a2a_button_email"></a> <a class="a2a_dd" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"></a> </div> <!-- AddToAny END --> <style> @media print{body.aans.view .column.main .sharebar.solid{display:none !important;}}.sharebar.solid{margin:8px 15px;min-height:calc( 24px + ( 2 * 4px ) );}.sharebar.solid a{margin:4px 0;}@media screen and ( min-width: 768px ){.sharebar.solid{margin:12px 15px;min-height:calc( 32px + ( 2 * 7px ) );}.sharebar.solid a{margin:7px 0;}} </style> <div class="publisher-and-date"> <div class="publication-date">12 November 2009</div> <div class="publication"> <a href="http://www.newtimes.co.rw/" target="_blank" title="Visit The New Times (Kigali)" data-img-src="https://cdn03.allafrica.com/static/images/publishers/minibanners/newtimes180.jpg"> <div class="publisher-name publisher-id-00010267" data-img-src="https://cdn03.allafrica.com/static/images/publishers/minibanners/newtimes180.jpg"> The New Times (Kigali) </div> </a> </div><!--/.publication--> </div><!--/.publisher-and-date--> <style> @media print, screen and (min-width: 480px) { body.aans.view .column.main .publisher-and-date .publication .publisher-logo.publisher-id-00010267 { background-image: url('https://cdn03.allafrica.com/static/images/publishers/minibanners/newtimes180.jpg'); } } </style> <script> ready(function(){ "use strict"; // technically we only expect one node, but attachClickTracking() requires a nodeList const nodeList = document.querySelectorAll('body.aans.view .column.main .publisher-and-date .publication'); const found = nodeList.length; if (document.querySelector('html.is-dev') && found!==1) { console.error(`invalid number of elements found for publisher name/logo: ${found}`); } nodeList.forEach(node => { const container = node.querySelector('.publisher-name'); if (document.querySelector('html.is-dev') && !container) { console.error('no publisher name/logo container found'); } const imgSrc = container.dataset.imgSrc; let selectors = { 'a': 'Name' }; // load publisher mininbanner, if available if ( imgSrc ) { const bgImg = new Image; bgImg.onload = function(){ container.style.width = bgImg.width+'px'; container.style.height = bgImg.height+'px'; container.classList.add('publisher-logo'); // check whether or not we have a background image, which will // be dependent on our CSS media query const style = getComputedStyle(container); if (style.backgroundImage!=="none") selectors = { 'a': 'Logo' }; // cannot be easily consolidated with the below because this is // triggered within a callback eventToolsQueue.push(function(){ attachClickTracking( 'AANS View Publisher Header', nodeList, selectors ); }); }; bgImg.src=imgSrc; } else { eventToolsQueue.push(function(){ attachClickTracking( 'AANS View Publisher Header', nodeList, selectors ); }); } }); }); </script> <cite class="byline">By James Karuhanga</cite> <div class="story-body"> <p class="story-body-text" data-para-word-count="32">Kigali &mdash; New information has emerged that a clandestine partnership of sharing intelligence existed between the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC) and FDLR rebels even deeper than earlier thought.</p> <div id="aans-body-mid"></div> <p class="story-body-text" data-para-word-count="31">A former FDLR insider yesterday said there has been a long time relationship between the UN mission in the DRC (MONUC) and FDLR leadership both in Congo jungles and European capitals.</p> <div id="aans-body-end"></div> <p>...</p> </div><!--/.story-body--> <div class="story-inline-login"> <style type="text/css"> .not-subscriber h4 { text-align: center; } .not-subscriber h4, .not-subscriber h5, .not-subscriber p { margin-bottom: 9px; } .not-subscriber h5:nth-of-type(n+2) { margin-top: 20px; } .not-subscriber li { list-style-type: none; float: left; } .not-subscriber li + li:before { content: "|"; padding: 0 5px; } </style> <div class="not-subscriber"> <h4>AllAfrica Subscription Content</h4> <h5>You must be an allAfrica.com subscriber for full access to certain content.</h5> <p class="more-info">You have selected an article from the AllAfrica archive, which requires a subscription. You can <a href="/commerce/user/subscribe/">subscribe</a> by visiting our <a href="/commerce/user/subscribe/">subscription page</a>. Or for more information about becoming a subscriber, you can read our <a href="/misc/info/subscribe/">subscription and contribution overview</a>.</p> <h5>For information about our premium subscription services:</h5> <ul class="clearfix"> <li><a href="/misc/info/subscribe/">Individuals</a></li> <li><a href="/misc/info/subscribe/educational.html">Educational Institutions</a></li> <li><a href="/misc/info/subscribe/corporate.html">Global Institutions and Corporations</a></li> </ul> </div><!--/.not-subscriber--> <p>You can also freely access - without a subscription - hundreds of today's top Africa stories and thousands of recent news articles from <a href="/">our home page&nbsp&raquo;</a></p> </div> <div class="story-inline-login"> <p>Already a subscriber? Sign in for full access to article</p> <div class="login"> <legend>Sign In</legend> <form method="post" action="/stories/200911120079.html"> <input type="hidden" name="login_try" value="1" /> <input type="hidden" name="login_orig_info" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="login_method" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="login_request_args" value="" /> <fieldset> <ul class="fields"> <li class="username"> <label for="login_username">Email</label> <input type="text" id="login_username" name="login_username" value="" /> </li> <li class="password"> <label for="login_password">Password</label> <input type="password" id="login_password" name="login_password" value="" /> </li> <li class="submit"> <input type="submit" class="submit button" name="login" value="login" /> </li> </ul> </fieldset> </form> <div class="password-reset"> <a href="/commerce/user/reset-password.html">Forgot your password?</a> </div> <div class="login-trouble"> Having trouble logging in?<a href="/commerce/user/contact.html"> Contact Us</a>. </div> </div><!--/.login--> <br clear="all"/> </div> <div class="tags rounded full-border" data-click-event-action='AANS View Tags Between'> <div class="row"> <div class="col-tn-12"> <span class="tags-label">Tagged:</span> <ul> <li><a href="/rwanda/">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/eastafrica/">East Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/externalrelations/">External Relations</a></li> <li><a href="/conflict/">Conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/io/">International Organisations</a></li> <li><a href="/armsandarmies/">Arms and Armies</a></li> <li><a href="/peacekeeping/">Peacekeeping</a></li> <li><a href="/centralafrica/">Central Africa</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <!-- AddToAny BEGIN --> <div class="sharebar solid bottom a2a_kit a2a_default_style uninitialized" data-a2a-title='Monuc Accused of Sharing Intelligence With FDLR Leaders' data-a2a-url='https://allafrica.com/stories/200911120079.html'> <a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a> <a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a> <a class="a2a_button_whatsapp"></a> <a class="a2a_button_flipboard"></a> <a class="a2a_button_linkedin"></a> <a class="a2a_button_reddit"></a> <a class="a2a_button_email"></a> <a class="a2a_dd" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"></a> </div> <!-- AddToAny END --> <style> @media print{body.aans.view .column.main .sharebar.solid{display:none !important;}}.sharebar.solid{margin:8px 15px;min-height:calc( 24px + ( 2 * 4px ) );}.sharebar.solid a{margin:4px 0;}@media screen and ( min-width: 768px ){.sharebar.solid{margin:12px 15px;min-height:calc( 32px + ( 2 * 7px ) );}.sharebar.solid a{margin:7px 0;}} </style> <div class="row"> <div class="col-tn-12"> <div class="copyright-notice"> <a href="https://allafrica.com/misc/info/copyright.html">Copyright</a> &copy; 2009 <a target="_blank" href="http://www.newtimes.co.rw/">The New Times</a>. All rights reserved. Distributed by AllAfrica Global Media (<a href="/">allAfrica.com</a>). To contact the copyright holder directly for corrections — or for permission to republish or make other authorized use of this material, <a href="https://allafrica.com/view/publisher/editorial/editorial/id/00010267.html">click here.</a> </div><!--/.copyright-notice--> </div> </div> <div id="responsive-aans-view-end-container" class="outer-ad-container adsense-outer-ad-container adsense-responsive-outer-ad-container responsive-aans-view-end-container"> <!-- google ad container for 'AllAfrica_ResponsiveAansViewEnd'--> <div class="ad-container adsense-ad responsive-ad adsense-responsive-ad responsive-aans-view-ad responsive-aans-view-end"> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:block;" data-ad-client="ca-pub-2420009840005975" data-ad-slot="6855956821" data-ad-format="auto" data-full-width-responsive="true" ></ins> </div><!--/.ad-container.adsense-ad.responsive-ad.adsense-responsive-ad.responsive-aans-view-ad.responsive-aans-view-end--> </div><!--/.outer-ad-container.adsense-outer-ad-container.adsense-responsive-outer-ad-container.responsive-aans-view-end-container--> </div><!--/.column.main--> <div class="col-tn-12 col-sm-4 column aside flexible"> <div id="right-top-anchor" class="top-anchor"> <div id="right-a-container" class="outer-ad-container gpt-outer-ad-container gpt-right-outer-ad-container right-a-container" style="display:none;"> <!-- Display Google Publisher Tag Asynchronous Ad for 'AllAfrica_RightA' --> <div id="div-gpt-async-ad-right-a" data-dfp-ad-unit="RightA" data-dfp-network="1001373" data-dfp-sizes="[[336,280],[320,480],[300,1050],[300,600],[300,250],[160,600],[120,600]]" class="ad-container gpt-ad right-ad gpt-right-ad right-a inactive"> </div><!--/.ad-container.gpt-ad.right-ad.gpt-right-ad.right-a.inactive--> <!--End of AllAfrica_RightA--> </div><!--/.outer-ad-container.gpt-outer-ad-container.gpt-right-outer-ad-container.right-a-container--> <div id="top-headlines-container" class="uninitialized" data-assets='["https://cdn08.allafrica.com/static/js/includes/aside/category-headlines.min.js?v=2024112800"]' data-category='rwanda' data-rows='16' data-url='https://allafrica.com/includes/html/aside/category-headlines.html'></div><!-- /#top-headlines-container --> <div id="sponsored-headlines-container" class="uninitialized" data-assets='["https://cdn01.allafrica.com/static/js/includes/aside/category-sponsored-headlines.min.js?v=2024112800"]' data-category='rwanda' data-sponsored_type='section' data-url='https://allafrica.com/includes/html/aside/category-sponsored-headlines.html'></div><!-- /#sponsored-headlines-container --> </div><!-- /#right-top-anchor --> <div id="right-mid-flex" class="mid-flex"> <div id="tf-container" class="uninitialized" data-assets='["https://cdn06.allafrica.com/static/js/includes/aside/tf.min.js?v=2024112800"]' data-category='rwanda' data-max_photos='25' data-url='https://allafrica.com/includes/html/aside/category-tf.html' style="display:none;"></div><!-- /#tf-container --> </div><!--/#right-mid-flex--> <div id="right-bottom-anchor" class="bottom-anchor"> <div id="right-b-container" class="outer-ad-container gpt-outer-ad-container gpt-right-outer-ad-container right-b-container" style="display:none;"> <!-- Display Google Publisher Tag Asynchronous Ad for 'AllAfrica_RightB' --> <div id="div-gpt-async-ad-right-b" data-dfp-ad-unit="RightB" data-dfp-network="1001373" data-dfp-sizes="[[336,280],[320,480],[300,600],[300,250],[160,600],[120,600]]" class="ad-container gpt-ad right-ad gpt-right-ad right-b inactive"> </div><!--/.ad-container.gpt-ad.right-ad.gpt-right-ad.right-b.inactive--> <!--End of AllAfrica_RightB--> </div><!--/.outer-ad-container.gpt-outer-ad-container.gpt-right-outer-ad-container.right-b-container--> <div id="publisher-headlines-container" class="uninitialized" data-assets='["https://cdn08.allafrica.com/static/js/includes/aside/publisher-headlines.min.js?v=2024112800"]' data-more_link='0' data-publisher_key='AllAfrica_Publisher|editorial|00010267' data-rows='16' data-show_slug='1' data-url='https://allafrica.com/includes/html/aside/publisher-headlines.html'></div><!-- /#publisher-headlines-container --> </div><!--/#right-bottom-anchor--> </div><!--/.column.aside.flexible--> </div><!--/.row--> </div><!--/.container.mid--> <div class="container bottom"> <div class="row uninitialized" id="footer-most-read"></div><!--/#footer-most-read--> <script> "use strict"; _ready.push(function($) { if ( ! ( 'IntersectionObserver' in window ) ) return; let mostReadObserver = new IntersectionObserver( function ( entries, self ) { entries.forEach(entry => { if (!entry.isIntersecting) return; if ( ! loadjs.isDefined( 'owl-carousel-assets' ) ) { loadjs( ["https://cdn04.allafrica.com/static/js/jquery/owl-carousel/2.3.4/owl.carousel.min.js?v=2024112800","https://cdn04.allafrica.com/static/css/jquery/owl-carousel/2.3.4/owl.carousel.min.css?v=2024112800","https://cdn01.allafrica.com/static/css/jquery/owl-carousel/2.3.4/owl.theme.default.min.css?v=2024112800","https://cdn01.allafrica.com/static/css/carousels-screen.min.css?v=2024112800"], 'owl-carousel-assets', { async: true, }); } if ( ! loadjs.isDefined( 'footer-most-read-assets' ) ) { loadjs( ["https://cdn03.allafrica.com/static/js/includes/footer/most-read.min.js?v=2024112800"], 'footer-most-read-assets', { async: true, }); } loadjs.ready( 'footer-most-read-assets', function() { $( entry.target ).footerMostRead( {"url":"https://allafrica.com/includes/html/footer/most-read.html"} ); }); self.unobserve( entry.target ); }); }, { rootMargin: "200px 0px" } ); const element = document.getElementById('footer-most-read'); mostReadObserver.observe(element) }); </script> <div class="uninitialized" id="footer-trending-tf"></div><!--/#footer-trending-tf--> <script> "use strict"; _ready.push(function($) { if ( ! ( 'IntersectionObserver' in window ) ) return; let trendingTFObserver = new IntersectionObserver( function ( entries, self ) { entries.forEach(entry => { if (!entry.isIntersecting) return; if ( ! loadjs.isDefined( 'footer-trending-tf-assets' ) ) { loadjs( ["https://cdn04.allafrica.com/static/js/includes/footer/trending-tf.min.js?v=2024112800"], 'footer-trending-tf-assets', { async: true, }); } loadjs.ready( 'footer-trending-tf-assets', function() { $( entry.target ).footerTrendingTF( {"url":"https://allafrica.com/includes/html/footer/trending-tf.html"} ); }); self.unobserve( entry.target ); }); }, { rootMargin: "200px 0px" } ); const element = document.getElementById('footer-trending-tf'); trendingTFObserver.observe(element) }); </script> <div class="row no-gutter spotlight-grid uninitialized" id="footer-spotlight-grid"></div> <script> "use strict"; _ready.push(function($) { if ( ! ( 'IntersectionObserver' in window ) ) return; let spotlightGridObserver = new IntersectionObserver( function ( entries, self ) { entries.forEach(entry => { if (!entry.isIntersecting) return; if ( ! loadjs.isDefined( 'spotlight-grid-assets' ) ) { loadjs( ["https://cdn05.allafrica.com/static/js/includes/spotlight-grid.min.js?v=2024112800"], 'spotlight-grid-assets', { async: true, }); } loadjs.ready( 'spotlight-grid-assets', function() { $( entry.target ).spotlightGrid( {"url":"https://allafrica.com/includes/html/partials/spotlight-grid-cell.html","sent":[],"supplement":["musicreviews","ngo","pregnancy","arts","agriculture","women","energy","athletics","banking","soccer","middleeastandafrica","education","aid","corruption","ebola","science","currencies","debt","aids","humanrights","gameparks","sport","externalrelations","climate","water","privatization","land","legalaffairs","transport","ict","migration","armsandarmies","ncds","olympics","construction","travel","worldcup","usafrica","religion","business","oceans","infrastructure","europeandafrica","terrorism","stockmarkets","sustainable","asiaaustraliaandafrica","capitalflows","environment","nepad","mining","trade","coronavirus","media","music","children","health","agribusiness","peacekeeping","petroleum","commodities","governance","latinamericaandafrica","io","urbanissues","refugees","nutrition","tuberculosis","conflict","ecotourism","polio","manufacturing","company","labour","wildlife","agoa","bookreviews","malaria","books","investment","innovation"]} ); }); self.unobserve( entry.target ); }); }, { rootMargin: "200px 0px" } ); const element = document.getElementById('footer-spotlight-grid'); spotlightGridObserver.observe(element) }); </script> <div class="row"> <div class="col-tn-12"> <div class="notes"> <p class="note aggregation">AllAfrica publishes around 500 reports a day from more than <a href="/list/publisher/editorial/editorial/type/pub.html">100 news organizations</a> and over <a href="/list/publisher/editorial/editorial/type/reg.html">500 other institutions and individuals</a>, representing a diversity of positions on every topic. We publish news and views ranging from vigorous opponents of governments to government publications and spokespersons. Publishers named above each report are responsible for their own content, which AllAfrica does not have the legal right to edit or correct.</p> <p class="note original">Articles and commentaries that identify allAfrica.com as the publisher are <a href="/inhouse/">produced or commissioned by AllAfrica</a>. To address comments or complaints, please <a href="/misc/forms/general.html">Contact us</a>.</p> </div><!--/.notes--> </div> </div> </div><!--/.container.bottom--> <div class="container footer" id="standard-footer"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-tn-12 col-xs-6 col-sm-7 colophon"> <p> AllAfrica is a voice of, by and about Africa - aggregating, producing and distributing 500 news and information items daily from over 100 African news organizations and our own reporters to an African and global public. We operate from Cape Town, Dakar, Abuja, Johannesburg, Nairobi and Washington DC. </p> </div><!--/.colophon--> <div class="col-tn-12 col-xs-6 col-sm-5"> <div class="rss-and-site-links"> <ul class="site-links click-tracking" data-click-event-action="Footer Site Links" > <li> <a href="/commerce/contribute/" class="donate tracked" data-click-event-label="Donate" >Support our work</a> </li> <li> <a class="newsletter-signup-trigger tracked" style="display:none;" data-toggle="modal" data-target=".newsletter-signup.modal.footer-and-connect-button-target" data-click-event-label="Newsletter Signup" > <i class="fa fa-envelope-o" aria-hidden="true"></i> Sign up for our newsletter </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://partners.allafrica.com/" class="external for-advertisers tracked" data-click-event-label="For Advertisers" >For Advertisers</a> </li> <li> <a class="subscribe tracked" href="/misc/info/subscribe/" data-click-event-label="Subscribe" >Subscribe</a> </li> </ul> <div class="click-tracking connect" data-click-event-action="Footer Connect Widget" > <a data-click-event-label="Facebook" style="display: inline-block; text-align: center; width: calc( 100% / 6 );" href="https://www.facebook.com/allafrica" title="Follow us on Facebook" class="tracked" > <i class="fa fa-facebook-square" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a><a data-click-event-label="Twitter" style="display: inline-block; text-align: center; width: calc( 100% / 6 );" href="https://twitter.com/allafrica" title="Follow us on Twitter" class="tracked" > <i class="fa fa-twitter-square" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a><a data-click-event-label="Telegram" style="display: inline-block; text-align: center; width: calc( 100% / 6 );" href="https://t.me/allafrica" title="Join us on Telegram" class="tracked" > <i class="fa fa-telegram" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a><a data-click-event-label="LinkedIn" style="display: inline-block; text-align: center; width: calc( 100% / 6 );" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/allafrica/" title="Follow us on Linkedin" class="tracked" > <i class="fa fa-linkedin-square" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a><a data-click-event-label="WhatsApp" style="display: inline-block; text-align: center; width: calc( 100% / 6 );" href="https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaIdDi8Bqbr263erhw1K" title="Follow us on WhatsApp" class="tracked" > <i class="fa fa-whatsapp" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a><a data-click-event-label="RSS" style="display: inline-block; text-align: center; width: calc( 100% / 6 );" href="https://allafrica.com/misc/tools/rss.html" title="Subscribe to AllAfrica via RSS" class="tracked" > <i class="fa fa-rss-square" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a> </div> <div class="app-download row no-gutter"> <div class="google-play-download col-tn-6 col-xs-12 col-sm-6"> <a class="external" href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.allafrica.app"> <img alt="Get it on Google Play" src="https://play.google.com/intl/en_us/badges/static/images/badges/en_badge_web_generic.png" /> </a> </div><!--/.google-play-download--> <div class="app-store-download col-tn-6 col-xs-12 col-sm-6"> <a class="external" href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/allafrica/id1571102510?itsct=apps_box_badge&amp;itscg=30200"> <img src="https://tools.applemediaservices.com/api/badges/download-on-the-app-store/black/en-us?size=250x83&amp;releaseDate=1624233600&h=f04eb423ff27f558a97f439f3a3cd400" alt="Download on the App Store"> </a> </div><!--/.app-store-download--> </div> </div><!--/.rss-and-site-links--> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-tn-12 legal"> <ul> <li class="copy"><a href="/misc/info/copyright.html">&copy; 2024 AllAfrica</a></li> <li class="privacy"><a href="/misc/info/privacy.html">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li class="contact"><a href="/misc/forms/general.html">Contact Us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-tn-12 trademark"> AllAfrica - All the Time </div><!--/.trademark--> </div> </div><!--/.container.footer--> <div class="newsletter-signup modal fade footer-and-connect-button-target" role="dialog" aria-expanded="false" data-campaign="Newsletter Signup Footer Button English v1" data-trigger=".container.footer .rss-and-site-links .newsletter-signup-trigger, .column.aside .section.connect .newsletter-signup-trigger" > <div class="modal-dialog"> <!-- Modal content--> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-body"> <div class="row header"> <div class="col-tn-12"> <button type="button" class="close tracked" data-dismiss="modal" data-event-label="Clicked X" aria-label="Close" > <i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true"></i> <span class="sr-only">Close</span> </button> </div> </div> <div class="row body"> <div class="col-tn-12"> <img class="logo img-responsive" src="https://cdn07.allafrica.com/static/images/structure/aa-logo-rgba-no-text-128x128.png" /> <div class="cta"> <h4 class="cta-title">Sign up for free AllAfrica Newsletters</h4> <p class="cta-text">Get the latest in African news delivered straight to your inbox</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row newsletter-signup-form-container"> <div class="col-tn-12"> <form role="form" method="post" action="#" class="newsletter-signup-form"> <div class="mailings-selector"> <div class="mailings"> <input type="hidden" name="mailings[type]" value="hidden"> <input type="hidden" name="mailings[values][]" value="latest:en"> </div> </div> <div class="subscriber-info input-group input-group-sm" for="email"> <input type="email" class="form-control" name="email" placeholder="someone@example.com" required maxlength="128"> <span class="input-group-btn"> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-success btn-sign-up tracked" data-event-label="Submitted Form" data-enabled-text="Submit" data-disabled-text="Sending..." > Submit </button> </span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="campaign" value="Newsletter Signup Footer Button English v1"> <input type="hidden" name="_type" value="newsletter-signup"> <input type="hidden" name="_time" value="1732996597" /> <input type="hidden" name="_uuid" value="AAAAFVNhbHRlZF9fYTQ6QZ3TdxNa5+zKbN/I/a9d4kduKhG9PU1W/tsyYmAhfJzOK0kZyxudGLHGi/p611Cw6Akx5FI=" /> </form> <p class="privacy-notice">By submitting above, you agree to <a href="/misc/info/privacy.html" class="tracked" data-event-label="Clicked Privacy" target="_blank">our privacy policy</a>.</p> </div> </div> <div class="row messages"> <div class="col-tn-12"> <div class="message success alert alert-success" style="display:none;"> <h4> <i class="fa fa-check-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i> Success! </h4> <p>Almost finished...</p><p>We need to confirm your email address.</p><p>To complete the process, please follow the instructions in the email we just sent you.</p> </div> <div class="message error returned-error alert alert-danger" style="display:none;"> <h4> <i class="fa fa-exclamation-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i> Error! </h4> <div class="returned-errors"></div> </div> <div class="message error generic-error alert alert-danger" role="alert" style="display:none;"> <h4> <i class="fa fa-exclamation-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i> Error! </h4> <p>There was a problem processing your submission. Please try again later.</p> </div> </div> </div><!--/.row--> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script> _ready.push(function($) { if ( ! loadjs.isDefined( 'newsletter-signup-assets' ) ) { loadjs( ["https://cdn01.allafrica.com/static/js/jquery/jquery.serialize-object.min.js?v=2024112800","https://cdn05.allafrica.com/static/js/newsletter-signup.min.js?v=2024112800","https://cdn05.allafrica.com/static/css/newsletter-signup.min.css?v=2024112800"], 'newsletter-signup-assets', { async: true, }); } // the newsletter widget calls storageAllowed(), which is imported with // the cmp bundle. passing an array of bundle names to loadjs triggers // the callback only after all of the listed bundles have fired. loadjs.ready( [ 'cmp', 'js-cookie', 'events', 'newsletter-signup-assets' ], function() { $('.newsletter-signup.modal.fade.footer-and-connect-button-target').newsletterModal({ maxShowCount: 10, maxCloseCount: 3, maxSuccessCount: 1, }); }); }); </script> <script> _ready.push( function($) { prepareExternalLinks(); }); </script> <style> .section.headlines.spotlight-box ul.stories > li .source, .section.box.headlines ul.stories > li .source, .column.main .section.date-browse ul.stories > li .source { margin-left: .5em; white-space: nowrap; } ul.stories > li > a .more { font-weight: bold; margin-left: 7px; font-size: 110%; line-height: 150%; } .section.top-news ul.stories > li .summary { margin: 8px 0; } </style> <style> ul.stories > li > a.premium-post-item { background-color: #F3F3F3; } ul.stories > li > a.premium-post-item:hover { background-color: #F0F0F0; } ul.stories > li a.premium-post-flag { padding: 0 !important; } ul.stories > li .premium-post-flag { width: 22px; height: 22px; } .section.box.headlines ul.stories > li span.premium-post-flag { width: 20px; height: 20px; } ul.stories > li .premium-post-flag { float: right; margin-left: 4px; margin-bottom: 4px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; background-color: transparent; } ul.stories > li .premium-post-flag .sprite { background-image: url('https://cdn09.allafrica.com/static/images/structure/sponsored-sprites.png'); background-position: 0 0; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-color: transparent; display: inline-block; width: 100%; height: 100%; line-height: 0 !important; background-size: cover; } ul.stories > li a.premium-post-flag { margin-top: 4px; margin-right: 4px; } .section.box.headlines ul.stories > li span.premium-post-flag { margin-top: 2px; margin-right: -5px; } </style> <noscript> <div style="display: none;"> <img src="https://pixel.quantserve.com/pixel/p-e1eaCwfv4zVTI.gif" height="1" width="1" alt="Quantcast"/> </div> </noscript> <!-- Begin comScore Tag --> <noscript> <img src="https://b.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=13865518&cv=2.0&cj=1" alt="" /> </noscript> <!-- End comScore Tag --> <!-- cXense script begin --> <div id="cX-root" style="display:none"></div> <!-- cXense script end --> <div id="pixel-container"> </div><!--/#pixel-container--> <script> ready( function () { _wb({"pi":"00010267","_l":"en","di":"200911120079","dt":"aans","_t":"read","c":["rwanda","io","peacekeeping","armsandarmies","centralafrica","eastafrica","externalrelations","conflict"],"ds":"post"}); } ); </script> <script> function my_addtoany_onready() { a2a.init(); $('.sharebar.solid.uninitialized').removeClass('uninitialized'); _ready.push(function() { var $parents = $('body.view .column.main .sharebar.solid.top, body.view .column.main .sharebar.solid.bottom'); $parents.each(function(i, el) { var $body = $('body'), $parent = $(el), $children = $parent.find( '> a' ), eventAction = 'Share Bar' selectors = {}; if ( $body.hasClass('.aans.view') ) { eventAction = 'AANS View ' + eventAction; } else if ( $body.hasClass('.topical-focus.view') ) { eventAction = 'Group View ' + eventAction; } else if ( $body.hasClass('.resources.view') ) { eventAction = 'Resource View ' + eventAction; } if ( $parent.hasClass( 'top' ) ) { eventAction += ' Top'; } else if ( $parent.hasClass( 'bottom' ) ) { eventAction += ' Bottom'; } $children.each(function(j, el) { var $child = $(el), childClasses = new String( $child.attr( 'class' ) || '' ).split( ' ' ), service, selectorClass; if ( ! childClasses.length ) return true; // continue $.each( childClasses, function(k, childClass){ if ( childClass.match( /^a2a_button_/ ) ) { selectorClass = 'a.' + childClass; service = childClass.replace( /^a2a_button_/, '' ); return false; // break } else if ( childClass === 'a2a_dd' ) { selectorClass = 'a.' + childClass; service = 'More Button'; return false; // break } }); if ( ! service ) return true; // continue if ( service === 'linkedin' ) service = 'LinkedIn' ; if ( service === 'whatsapp' ) service = 'WhatsApp'; if ( service === 'telegram' ) service = 'Telegram'; service = service.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + service.slice(1); selectors[selectorClass] = service; }); if ( $.isEmptyObject( selectors ) ) return true; // continue const nodeList = $parent.get(); attachClickTracking( eventAction, nodeList, selectors ); }); }); } var a2a_config = a2a_config || {}; a2a_config.templates = a2a_config.templates || {}; a2a_config.callbacks = a2a_config.callbacks || []; a2a_config.callbacks.push({ ready: my_addtoany_onready, }); a2a_config.onclick = 1; a2a_config.orientation = 'up'; a2a_config.prioritize = ["facebook","twitter","whatsapp","flipboard","linkedin","reddit","telegram","delicious","stumbleupon"]; a2a_config.locale = "en"; a2a_config.templates.twitter = { via: 'allafrica', }; window.loadA2A = function () { var a2aHeight = 24; if ( $(document).width() >= 768 ) { a2aHeight = 32; } $('div.a2a_kit').addClass('a2a_kit_size_' + a2aHeight); var a = document.createElement('script'); a.type = 'text/javascript'; a.async = true; a.src = '//static.addtoany.com/menu/page.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(a, s); }; </script> <script> ready(function(){ fireLoadJSBundle('header'); }); ready(function(){ if ( ! loadjs.isDefined( 'js-cookie' ) ) { loadjs( ["https://cdn08.allafrica.com/static/js/js-cookie/3.0.1/js.cookie.min.js?v=2024112800"], 'js-cookie', { async: true, }); } }); </script> <script src="https://cdn07.allafrica.com/static/js/jquery/jquery-1.9.1.min.js?v=2024112800"></script> <script src="https://cdn05.allafrica.com/static/js/bootstrap/3.3.7/bootstrap.min.js?v=2024112800"></script> <script src="https://cdn01.allafrica.com/static/js/application.min.js?v=2024112800"></script> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10