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href="#Common_integral_data_types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Common integral data types</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Common_integral_data_types-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Common integral data types subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Common_integral_data_types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bytes_and_octets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bytes_and_octets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Bytes and octets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bytes_and_octets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Words" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Words"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Words</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Words-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Standard_integer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Standard_integer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Standard integer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Standard_integer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Short_integer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Short_integer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Short integer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Short_integer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Long_integer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Long_integer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Long integer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Long_integer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Long_long" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Long_long"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Long long</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Long_long-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Syntax" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Syntax"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Syntax</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Syntax-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" 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Available in 37 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF_%D8%B5%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%AD_(%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8)" title="عدد صحيح (علوم حاسوب) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عدد صحيح (علوم حاسوب)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enteru_(tipu_de_datu)" title="Enteru (tipu de datu) – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Enteru (tipu de datu)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tam_%C9%99d%C9%99dl%C9%99r_(komp%C3%BCter)" title="Tam ədədlər (kompüter) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tam ədədlər (kompüter)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Целочислени типове данни – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Целочислени типове данни" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enter_(tipus_de_dada)" title="Enter (tipus de dada) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Enter (tipus de dada)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integer" title="Integer – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Integer" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heltal_(Computer)" title="Heltal (Computer) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Heltal (Computer)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integer_(Datentyp)" title="Integer (Datentyp) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Integer (Datentyp)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A4isarv_(andmet%C3%BC%C3%BCp)" title="Täisarv (andmetüüp) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Täisarv (andmetüüp)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82_(%CE%95%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B7_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%85%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CF%8E%CE%BD)" title="Ακέραιος (Επιστήμη των υπολογιστών) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ακέραιος (Επιστήμη των υπολογιστών)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entero_(tipo_de_dato)" title="Entero (tipo de dato) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Entero (tipo de dato)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datu_mota_osoa" title="Datu mota osoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Datu mota osoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%BA%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%87" title="متغیرهای رشته‌ای کوتاه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="متغیرهای رشته‌ای کوتاه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entier_(informatique)" title="Entier (informatique) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Entier (informatique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%95%EC%88%98%ED%98%95" title="정수형 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="정수형" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95_(%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8)" title="पूर्णांक (संगणक विज्ञान) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पूर्णांक (संगणक विज्ञान)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integro_(tipo_di_datumi)" title="Integro (tipo di datumi) – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Integro (tipo di datumi)" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integer_(ilmu_komputer)" title="Integer (ilmu komputer) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Integer (ilmu komputer)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heilt%C3%B6lutag" title="Heiltölutag – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Heiltölutag" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numero_intero_(informatica)" title="Numero intero (informatica) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Numero intero (informatica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eg%C3%A9sz_(informatika)" title="Egész (informatika) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Egész (informatika)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_(%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Целобројна вредност (информатика) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Целобројна вредност (информатика)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%82%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%96%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF_(%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82)" title="പൂർണ്ണസംഖ്യ (കമ്പ്യൂട്ടർ ശാസ്ത്രം) – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പൂർണ്ണസംഖ്യ (കമ്പ്യൂട്ടർ ശാസ്ത്രം)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integer_(informatica)" title="Integer (informatica) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Integer (informatica)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%B4%E6%95%B0%E5%9E%8B" title="整数型 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="整数型" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liczba_ca%C5%82kowita_(typ_danych)" title="Liczba całkowita (typ danych) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Liczba całkowita (typ danych)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inteiro_(ci%C3%AAncia_da_computa%C3%A7%C3%A3o)" title="Inteiro (ciência da computação) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Inteiro (ciência da computação)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B5_(%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85)" title="Целое (тип данных) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Целое (тип данных)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Int" title="Int – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Int" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_integer" title="Long integer – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Long integer" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokonaisluku_(tietotekniikka)" title="Kokonaisluku (tietotekniikka) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kokonaisluku (tietotekniikka)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integer" title="Integer – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Integer" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tam_say%C4%B1_(bilgisayar_bilimi)" title="Tam sayı (bilgisayar bilimi) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tam sayı (bilgisayar bilimi)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE_(%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85)" title="Ціле число (тип даних) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" 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<button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Long_integer&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Long integer">Long integer</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Datum of integral data type</div> <p>In computer science, an <b>integer</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Datum" class="mw-redirect" title="Datum">datum</a> of <b>integral data type</b>, a <a href="/wiki/Data_type" title="Data type">data type</a> that represents some <a href="/wiki/Interval_(mathematics)" title="Interval (mathematics)">range</a> of mathematical <a href="/wiki/Integer" title="Integer">integers</a>. Integral data types may be of different sizes and may or may not be allowed to contain negative values. Integers are commonly represented in a computer as a group of <a href="/wiki/Binary_digit" class="mw-redirect" title="Binary digit">binary digits</a> (bits). The size of the grouping varies so the set of integer sizes available varies between different types of computers. Computer hardware nearly always provides a way to represent a processor <a href="/wiki/Word_size" class="mw-redirect" title="Word size">register</a> or memory address as an integer. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Value_and_representation">Value and representation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Integer_(computer_science)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Value and representation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>value</i> of an item with an integral type is the mathematical integer that it corresponds to. Integral types may be <i>unsigned</i> (capable of representing only non-negative integers) or <i>signed</i> (capable of representing negative integers as well).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An integer value is typically specified in the <a href="/wiki/Source_code" title="Source code">source code</a> of a program as a sequence of digits optionally prefixed with + or −. Some programming languages allow other notations, such as hexadecimal (base 16) or octal (base 8). Some programming languages also permit <a href="/wiki/Digit_group_separator" class="mw-redirect" title="Digit group separator">digit group separators</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>internal representation</i> of this datum is the way the value is stored in the computer's memory. Unlike mathematical integers, a typical datum in a computer has some minimal and maximum possible value. </p><p>The most common representation of a positive integer is a string of <a href="/wiki/Bit" title="Bit">bits</a>, using the <a href="/wiki/Binary_numeral_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Binary numeral system">binary numeral system</a>. The order of the memory <a href="/wiki/Byte" title="Byte">bytes</a> storing the bits varies; see <a href="/wiki/Endianness" title="Endianness">endianness</a>. The <i>width</i>, <i>precision</i>, or <i>bitness</i><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of an integral type is the number of bits in its representation. An integral type with <i>n</i> bits can encode 2<sup><i>n</i></sup> numbers; for example an unsigned type typically represents the non-negative values 0 through <span class="nowrap">2<sup><i>n</i></sup> − 1</span>. Other encodings of integer values to bit patterns are sometimes used, for example <a href="/wiki/Binary-coded_decimal" title="Binary-coded decimal">binary-coded decimal</a> or <a href="/wiki/Gray_code" title="Gray code">Gray code</a>, or as printed character codes such as <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a>. </p><p>There are four well-known <a href="/wiki/Signed_number_representations" title="Signed number representations">ways to represent signed numbers</a> in a binary computing system. The most common is <a href="/wiki/Two%27s_complement" title="Two's complement">two's complement</a>, which allows a signed integral type with <i>n</i> bits to represent numbers from <span class="nowrap">−2<sup>(<i>n</i>−1)</sup></span> through <span class="nowrap">2<sup>(<i>n</i>−1)</sup> − 1</span>. Two's complement arithmetic is convenient because there is a perfect <a href="/wiki/One-to-one_correspondence" class="mw-redirect" title="One-to-one correspondence">one-to-one correspondence</a> between representations and values (in particular, <a href="/wiki/Signed_zero" title="Signed zero">no separate +0 and −0</a>), and because <a href="/wiki/Addition" title="Addition">addition</a>, <a href="/wiki/Subtraction" title="Subtraction">subtraction</a> and <a href="/wiki/Multiplication" title="Multiplication">multiplication</a> do not need to distinguish between signed and unsigned types. Other possibilities include <a href="/wiki/Offset_binary" title="Offset binary">offset binary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sign-magnitude" class="mw-redirect" title="Sign-magnitude">sign-magnitude</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ones%27_complement" title="Ones' complement">ones' complement</a>. </p><p>Some computer languages define integer sizes in a machine-independent way; others have varying definitions depending on the underlying processor word size. Not all language implementations define variables of all integer sizes, and defined sizes may not even be distinct in a particular implementation. An integer in one <a href="/wiki/Programming_language" title="Programming language">programming language</a> may be a different size in a different language, on a different processor, or in an execution context of different bitness; see <a href="#Words">§ Words</a>. </p><p>Some <a href="/wiki/Decimal_computer" title="Decimal computer">older computer architectures</a> used decimal representations of integers, stored in <a href="/wiki/Binary-coded_decimal" title="Binary-coded decimal">binary-coded decimal (BCD)</a> or other format. These values generally require data sizes of 4 bits per decimal digit (sometimes called a <a href="/wiki/Nibble" title="Nibble">nibble</a>), usually with additional bits for a sign. Many modern CPUs provide limited support for decimal integers as an extended datatype, providing instructions for converting such values to and from binary values. Depending on the architecture, decimal integers may have fixed sizes (e.g., 7 decimal digits plus a sign fit into a 32-bit word), or may be variable-length (up to some maximum digit size), typically occupying two digits per byte (octet). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Common_integral_data_types">Common integral data types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Integer_(computer_science)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Common integral data types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Bits </th> <th rowspan="2">Name </th> <th rowspan="2">Range (assuming <a href="/wiki/Two%27s_complement" title="Two's complement">two's complement</a> for <a href="/wiki/Signed_number_representations" title="Signed number representations">signed</a>) </th> <th rowspan="2">Decimal digits </th> <th rowspan="2">Uses </th> <th colspan="8" scope="col">Implementations </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a>/<a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="C Sharp (programming language)">C#</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Pascal_(programming_language)" title="Pascal (programming language)">Pascal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Delphi_(programming_language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Delphi (programming language)">Delphi</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/SQL" title="SQL">SQL</a><sup id="cite_ref-notesqla_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-notesqla-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/FORTRAN" class="mw-redirect" title="FORTRAN">FORTRAN</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/D_(programming_language)" title="D (programming language)">D</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Rust_(programming_language)" title="Rust (programming language)">Rust</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right;">4 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nibble" title="Nibble">nibble</a>, semioctet </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Signed_number_representations" title="Signed number representations">Signed:</a></i> From −8 to 7, from −(2<sup>3</sup>) to 2<sup>3</sup> − 1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.9 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Binary-coded_decimal" title="Binary-coded decimal">Binary-coded decimal</a>, single decimal digit representation </td> <td rowspan="2" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td rowspan="2" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td rowspan="2" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td rowspan="2" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td rowspan="2" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td rowspan="2" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td rowspan="2" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td rowspan="2" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Unsigned:</i> From 0 to 15, which equals 2<sup>4</sup> − 1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right;">8 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Byte" title="Byte">byte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Octet_(computing)" title="Octet (computing)">octet</a>, i8, u8 </td> <td><i>Signed:</i> From −128 to 127, from −(2<sup>7</sup>) to 2<sup>7</sup> − 1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2.11 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a> characters, <a href="/wiki/Code_unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Code unit">code units</a> in the <a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a> <a href="/wiki/Character_encoding" title="Character encoding">character encoding</a> </td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">int8_t</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">signed char</span><sup id="cite_ref-notescb_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-notescb-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">sbyte</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">Shortint</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">byte</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">tinyint</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">integer(int8)</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">byte</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">i8</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Unsigned:</i> From 0 to 255, which equals 2<sup>8</sup> − 1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2.41 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">uint8_t</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">unsigned char</span><sup id="cite_ref-notescb_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-notescb-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">byte</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">Byte</span> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">unsigned tinyint</span> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">ubyte</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">u8</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right;">16 </td> <td rowspan="2">halfword, <a href="/wiki/Word_(data_type)" class="mw-redirect" title="Word (data type)">word</a>, short, i16, u16 </td> <td><i>Signed:</i> From −32,768 to 32,767, from −(2<sup>15</sup>) to 2<sup>15</sup> − 1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4.52 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Universal_Character_Set" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal Character Set">UCS-2</a> characters, <a href="/wiki/Code_unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Code unit">code units</a> in the <a href="/wiki/UTF-16" title="UTF-16">UTF-16</a> <a href="/wiki/Character_encoding" title="Character encoding">character encoding</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">int16_t</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">short</span><sup id="cite_ref-notescb_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-notescb-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">int</span><sup id="cite_ref-notescb_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-notescb-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">short</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">Smallint</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">short</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">smallint</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">integer(int16)</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">short</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">i16</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Unsigned:</i> From 0 to 65,535, which equals 2<sup>16</sup> − 1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4.82 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">uint16_t, unsigned</span><sup id="cite_ref-notescb_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-notescb-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">unsigned int</span><sup id="cite_ref-notescb_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-notescb-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">ushort</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">Word</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">char</span><sup id="cite_ref-notejavad_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-notejavad-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">unsigned smallint</span> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">ushort</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">u16</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right;">32 </td> <td rowspan="2">word, <a href="/wiki/Unsigned_long_integer" class="mw-redirect" title="Unsigned long integer">long</a>, doubleword, longword, int, i32, u32 </td> <td><i>Signed:</i> From <a href="/wiki/2147483647_(number)" class="mw-redirect" title="2147483647 (number)">−2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647</a>, from −(2<sup>31</sup>) to 2<sup>31</sup> − 1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">9.33 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/UTF-32" title="UTF-32">UTF-32</a> characters, <a href="/wiki/24-bit_color" class="mw-redirect" title="24-bit color">true color</a> with alpha, <a href="/wiki/FourCC" title="FourCC">FourCC</a>, pointers in <a href="/wiki/32-bit_computing" title="32-bit computing">32-bit computing</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">int32_t</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">int</span><sup id="cite_ref-notescb_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-notescb-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">long</span><sup id="cite_ref-notescb_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-notescb-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">int</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">LongInt</span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">Integer</span><sup id="cite_ref-notedelphic_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-notedelphic-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">int</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">int</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">integer(int32)</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">int</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">i32</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Unsigned:</i> From 0 to 4,294,967,295, which equals 2<sup>32</sup> − 1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">9.63 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">uint32_t, unsigned</span><sup id="cite_ref-notescb_7-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-notescb-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">unsigned int</span><sup id="cite_ref-notescb_7-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-notescb-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">unsigned long</span><sup id="cite_ref-notescb_7-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-notescb-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">uint</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">LongWord</span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">DWord</span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">Cardinal</span><sup id="cite_ref-notedelphic_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-notedelphic-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">unsigned int</span> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">uint</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">u32</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right;">64 </td> <td rowspan="2">word, doubleword, longword, long, long long, quad, quadword, qword, int64, i64, u64 </td> <td><i>Signed:</i> From <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="−9,223,372,036,854,775,808">−(2<sup>63</sup>)</span> to <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="9,223,372,036,854,775,807">2<sup>63</sup> − 1</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">18.96 </td> <td rowspan="2">Time (milliseconds since the <a href="/wiki/Unix_epoch" class="mw-redirect" title="Unix epoch">Unix epoch</a>), pointers in <a href="/wiki/64-bit_computing" title="64-bit computing">64-bit computing</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">int64_t</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">long</span><sup id="cite_ref-notescb_7-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-notescb-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">long long</span><sup id="cite_ref-notescb_7-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-notescb-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">long</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">Int64</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">long</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">bigint</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">integer(int64)</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">long</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">i64</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Unsigned:</i> From 0 to <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="18,446,744,073,709,551,615">2<sup>64</sup> − 1</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">19.27 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">uint64_t</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">unsigned long long</span><sup id="cite_ref-notescb_7-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-notescb-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">ulong</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">UInt64</span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">QWord</span> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">unsigned bigint</span> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">ulong</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">u64</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right;">128 </td> <td rowspan="2">octaword, double quadword, i128, u128 </td> <td><i>Signed:</i> From <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="−170,141,183,460,469,231,731,687,303,715,884,105,728">−(2<sup>127</sup>)</span> to <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="170,141,183,460,469,231,731,687,303,715,884,105,727">2<sup>127</sup> − 1</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">38.23 </td> <td rowspan="2">Complex scientific calculations, <p><a href="/wiki/IPv6" title="IPv6">IPv6</a> addresses, <a href="/wiki/GUID" class="mw-redirect" title="GUID">GUIDs</a> </p> </td> <td rowspan="2">C: only available as non-standard compiler-specific extension </td> <td rowspan="2" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td rowspan="2" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td rowspan="2" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td rowspan="2" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td rowspan="2" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">cent</span><sup id="cite_ref-notede_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-notede-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">i128</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Unsigned:</i> From 0 to <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,455">2<sup>128</sup> − 1</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">38.53 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">ucent</span><sup id="cite_ref-notede_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-notede-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">u128</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right;"><i>n</i> </td> <td rowspan="2"><i>n</i>-bit integer<br /> (general case) </td> <td><i>Signed:</i> −(2<sup><i>n</i>−1</sup>) to (2<sup><i>n</i>−1</sup> − 1) </td> <td colspan="2">(<i>n</i> − 1) log<sub>10</sub> 2 </td> <td>C23: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">_BitInt(n)</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">signed _BitInt(n)</span> </td> <td colspan="7"><a href="/wiki/Ada_(programming_language)" title="Ada (programming language)">Ada</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">range -2**(n-1)..2**(n-1)-1</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Unsigned:</i> 0 to (2<sup><i>n</i></sup> − 1) </td> <td colspan="2"><i>n</i> log<sub>10</sub> 2 </td> <td>C23: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">unsigned _BitInt(n)</span> </td> <td colspan="7">Ada: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">range 0..2**n-1</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">mod 2**n</span>; standard libraries' or third-party arbitrary arithmetic libraries' BigDecimal or Decimal classes in many languages such as Python, C++, etc. </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Different <a href="/wiki/CPU" class="mw-redirect" title="CPU">CPUs</a> support different integral data types. Typically, hardware will support both signed and unsigned types, but only a small, fixed set of widths. </p><p>The table above lists integral type widths that are supported in hardware by common processors. High level programming languages provide more possibilities. It is common to have a 'double width' integral type that has twice as many bits as the biggest hardware-supported type. Many languages also have <i>bit-field</i> types (a specified number of bits, usually constrained to be less than the maximum hardware-supported width) and <i>range</i> types (that can represent only the integers in a specified range). </p><p>Some languages, such as <a href="/wiki/Lisp_(programming_language)" title="Lisp (programming language)">Lisp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smalltalk" title="Smalltalk">Smalltalk</a>, <a href="/wiki/REXX" class="mw-redirect" title="REXX">REXX</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haskell" title="Haskell">Haskell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Raku_(programming_language)" title="Raku (programming language)">Raku</a>, support <i>arbitrary precision</i> integers (also known as <i>infinite precision integers</i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Bignum" class="mw-redirect" title="Bignum">bignums</a></i>). Other languages that do not support this concept as a top-level construct may have libraries available to represent very large numbers using arrays of smaller variables, such as Java's <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">BigInteger</span> class or <a href="/wiki/Perl" title="Perl">Perl</a>'s "<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">bigint</span>" package.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These use as much of the computer's memory as is necessary to store the numbers; however, a computer has only a finite amount of storage, so they, too, can only represent a finite subset of the mathematical integers. These schemes support very large numbers; for example one kilobyte of memory could be used to store numbers up to 2466 decimal digits long. </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Boolean_data_type" title="Boolean data type">Boolean</a> or <a href="/wiki/Flag_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag (computing)">Flag</a> type is a type that can represent only two values: 0 and 1, usually identified with <i>false</i> and <i>true</i> respectively. This type can be stored in memory using a single bit, but is often given a full byte for convenience of addressing and speed of access. </p><p>A four-bit quantity is known as a <i><a href="/wiki/Nibble" title="Nibble">nibble</a></i> (when eating, being smaller than a <i>bite</i>) or <i>nybble</i> (being a pun on the form of the word <i>byte</i>). One nibble corresponds to one digit in <a href="/wiki/Hexadecimal" title="Hexadecimal">hexadecimal</a> and holds one digit or a sign code in binary-coded decimal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bytes_and_octets">Bytes and octets</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Integer_(computer_science)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Bytes and octets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Byte" title="Byte">Byte</a> and <a href="/wiki/Octet_(computing)" title="Octet (computing)">Octet (computing)</a></div> <p>The term <i>byte</i> initially meant 'the smallest addressable unit of memory'. In the past, 5-, 6-, 7-, 8-, and 9-bit bytes have all been used. There have also been computers that could address individual bits ('bit-addressed machine'), or that could only address 16- or 32-bit quantities ('word-addressed machine'). The term <i>byte</i> was usually not used at all in connection with bit- and word-addressed machines. </p><p>The term <i>octet</i> always refers to an 8-bit quantity. It is mostly used in the field of <a href="/wiki/Computer_network" title="Computer network">computer networking</a>, where computers with different byte widths might have to communicate. </p><p>In modern usage <i>byte</i> almost invariably means eight bits, since all other sizes have fallen into disuse; thus <i>byte</i> has come to be synonymous with <i>octet</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Words">Words</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Integer_(computer_science)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Words"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Word_(computer_architecture)" title="Word (computer architecture)">Word (computer architecture)</a></div> <p>The term 'word' is used for a small group of bits that are handled simultaneously by processors of a particular <a href="/wiki/Computer_architecture" title="Computer architecture">architecture</a>. The size of a word is thus CPU-specific. Many different word sizes have been used, including 6-, 8-, 12-, 16-, 18-, 24-, 32-, 36-, 39-, 40-, 48-, 60-, and 64-bit. Since it is architectural, the size of a <i>word</i> is usually set by the first CPU in a family, rather than the characteristics of a later compatible CPU. The meanings of terms derived from <i>word</i>, such as <i>longword</i>, <i>doubleword</i>, <i>quadword</i>, and <i>halfword</i>, also vary with the CPU and OS.<sup id="cite_ref-agnerfog_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agnerfog-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Practically all new desktop processors are capable of using 64-bit words, though <a href="/wiki/Embedded_system" title="Embedded system">embedded processors</a> with 8- and 16-bit word size are still common. The <a href="/wiki/36-bit_word_length" class="mw-redirect" title="36-bit word length">36-bit word length</a> was common in the early days of computers. </p><p>One important cause of non-portability of software is the incorrect assumption that all computers have the same word size as the computer used by the programmer. For example, if a programmer using the C language incorrectly declares as <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">int</span> a variable that will be used to store values greater than 2<sup>15</sup>−1, the program will fail on computers with 16-bit integers. That variable should have been declared as <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">long</span>, which has at least 32 bits on any computer. Programmers may also incorrectly assume that a pointer can be converted to an integer without loss of information, which may work on (some) 32-bit computers, but fail on 64-bit computers with 64-bit pointers and 32-bit integers. This issue is resolved by C99 in <a href="/wiki/Stdint.h" class="mw-redirect" title="Stdint.h">stdint.h</a> in the form of <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">intptr_t</code>. </p><p>The <i>bitness</i> of a program may refer to the word size (or bitness) of the processor on which it runs, or it may refer to the width of a memory address or pointer, which can differ between execution modes or contexts. For example, 64-bit versions of <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a> support existing 32-bit binaries, and programs compiled for Linux's <a href="/wiki/X32_ABI" title="X32 ABI">x32 ABI</a> run in 64-bit mode yet use 32-bit memory addresses.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Standard_integer">Standard integer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Integer_(computer_science)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Standard integer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The standard integer size is platform-dependent. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a>, it is denoted by <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">int</span> and required to be at least 16 bits. Windows and Unix systems have 32-bit <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">int</span>s on both 32-bit and 64-bit architectures. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Short_integer">Short integer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Integer_(computer_science)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Short integer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <i>short integer</i> can represent a whole number that may take less storage, while having a smaller range, compared with a standard integer on the same machine. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a>, it is denoted by <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">short</span>. It is required to be at least 16 bits, and is often smaller than a standard integer, but this is not required.<sup id="cite_ref-c99_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c99-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-drdobbsinteger_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drdobbsinteger-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A conforming program can assume that it can safely store values between −(2<sup>15</sup>−1)<sup id="cite_ref-c-std-6.2.6.2p2_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c-std-6.2.6.2p2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 2<sup>15</sup>−1,<sup id="cite_ref-c-std-5.2.4.2.1_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c-std-5.2.4.2.1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but it may not assume that the range is not larger. In <a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a>, a <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">short</span> is <i>always</i> a 16-bit integer. In the <a href="/wiki/Windows_API" title="Windows API">Windows API</a>, the datatype <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">SHORT</span> is defined as a 16-bit signed integer on all machines.<sup id="cite_ref-agnerfog_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agnerfog-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Common short integer sizes </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Programming_language" title="Programming language">Programming language</a> </th> <th>Data type name </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Signedness" title="Signedness">Signedness</a> </th> <th>Size in <a href="/wiki/Bytes" class="mw-redirect" title="Bytes">bytes</a> </th> <th>Minimum value </th> <th>Maximum value </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a> and <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">short</span> </td> <td>signed </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">−32,767<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+32,767 </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">unsigned short</span> </td> <td>unsigned </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">65,535 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="C Sharp (programming language)">C#</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">short</span> </td> <td>signed </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">−32,768 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+32,767 </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">ushort</span> </td> <td>unsigned </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">65,535 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">short</span> </td> <td>signed </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">−32,768 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+32,767 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/SQL" title="SQL">SQL</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">smallint</span> </td> <td>signed </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">−32,768 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+32,767 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Long_integer">Long integer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Integer_(computer_science)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Long integer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <i>long integer</i> can represent a whole <a href="/wiki/Integer" title="Integer">integer</a> whose <a href="/wiki/Range_(computer_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Range (computer science)">range</a> is greater than or equal to that of a standard integer on the same machine. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a>, it is denoted by <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">long</span>. It is required to be at least 32 bits, and may or may not be larger than a standard integer. A conforming program can assume that it can safely store values between −(2<sup>31</sup>−1)<sup id="cite_ref-c-std-6.2.6.2p2_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c-std-6.2.6.2p2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 2<sup>31</sup>−1,<sup id="cite_ref-c-std-5.2.4.2.1_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c-std-5.2.4.2.1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but it may not assume that the range is not larger. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Common long integer sizes </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Programming_language" title="Programming language">Programming language</a> </th> <th>Approval Type </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Computing_platform" title="Computing platform">Platforms</a> </th> <th>Data type name </th> <th>Storage in <a href="/wiki/Bytes" class="mw-redirect" title="Bytes">bytes</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Signedness" title="Signedness">Signed</a> range </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Signedness" title="Signedness">Unsigned</a> range </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/C_(programming)" class="mw-redirect" title="C (programming)">C</a> ISO/ANSI C99 </td> <td>International Standard </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a>, 16/32-bit systems<sup id="cite_ref-agnerfog_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agnerfog-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Windows" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows">Windows</a>, 16/32/64-bit systems<sup id="cite_ref-agnerfog_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agnerfog-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">long</span> </td> <td>4<br />(minimum requirement 4) </td> <td>−2,147,483,647 to +2,147,483,647 </td> <td>0 to 4,294,967,295<br />(minimum requirement) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/C_(programming)" class="mw-redirect" title="C (programming)">C</a> ISO/ANSI C99 </td> <td>International Standard </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a>,<br />64-bit systems<sup id="cite_ref-agnerfog_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agnerfog-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-drdobbsinteger_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drdobbsinteger-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">long</span> </td> <td>8<br />(minimum requirement 4) </td> <td>−9,223,372,036,854,775,807 to +9,223,372,036,854,775,807 </td> <td>0 to 18,446,744,073,709,551,615 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a> ISO/ANSI </td> <td>International Standard </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows">Windows</a>,<br />16/32-bit system </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">long</span> </td> <td>4 <sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(minimum requirement 4) </td> <td>−2,147,483,648 to +2,147,483,647<br /> </td> <td>0 to 4,294,967,295<br />(minimum requirement) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B/CLI" title="C++/CLI">C++/CLI</a> </td> <td>International Standard<br /><a href="/wiki/ECMA-372" class="mw-redirect" title="ECMA-372">ECMA-372</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows">Windows</a>,<br />16/32-bit systems </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">long</span> </td> <td>4 <sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(minimum requirement 4) </td> <td>−2,147,483,648 to +2,147,483,647<br /> </td> <td>0 to 4,294,967,295<br />(minimum requirement) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic_(classic)" title="Visual Basic (classic)">VB</a> </td> <td>Company Standard </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Windows" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows">Windows</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">Long</span> </td> <td>4 <sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>−2,147,483,648 to +2,147,483,647 </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic_for_Applications" title="Visual Basic for Applications">VBA</a> </td> <td>Company Standard </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Windows" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows">Windows</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac OS X">Mac OS X</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">Long</span> </td> <td>4 <sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>−2,147,483,648 to +2,147,483,647 </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_SQL_Server" title="Microsoft SQL Server">SQL Server</a> </td> <td>Company Standard </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Windows" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows">Windows</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">BigInt</span> </td> <td>8 </td> <td>−9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to +9,223,372,036,854,775,807 </td> <td>0 to 18,446,744,073,709,551,615 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="C Sharp (programming language)">C#</a>/ <a href="/wiki/VB.NET" class="mw-redirect" title="VB.NET">VB.NET</a> </td> <td>ECMA International Standard </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_.NET" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft .NET">Microsoft .NET</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">long</span> or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">Int64</span> </td> <td>8 </td> <td>−9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to +9,223,372,036,854,775,807 </td> <td>0 to 18,446,744,073,709,551,615 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a> </td> <td>International/Company Standard </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Java_platform" class="mw-redirect" title="Java platform">Java platform</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">long</span> </td> <td>8 </td> <td>−9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to +9,223,372,036,854,775,807 </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pascal_(programming_language)" title="Pascal (programming language)">Pascal</a> </td> <td>? </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Windows" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows">Windows</a>, <a href="/wiki/UNIX" class="mw-redirect" title="UNIX">UNIX</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">int64</span> </td> <td>8 </td> <td>−9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to +9,223,372,036,854,775,807 </td> <td>0 to 18,446,744,073,709,551,615 (Qword type) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Long_long">Long long</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Integer_(computer_science)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Long long"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"long long" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Long_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Long (disambiguation)">Long (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/C99" title="C99">C99</a> version of the <a href="/wiki/C_programming_language" class="mw-redirect" title="C programming language">C programming language</a> and the <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B11" title="C++11">C++11</a> version of <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a>, a <code>long long</code> type is supported that has double the minimum capacity of the standard <code>long</code>. This type is not supported by compilers that require C code to be compliant with the previous C++ standard, C++03, because the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">long long</span> type did not exist in C++03. For an ANSI/ISO compliant compiler, the minimum requirements for the specified ranges, that is, −(2<sup>63</sup>−1)<sup id="cite_ref-c-std-6.2.6.2p2_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c-std-6.2.6.2p2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to 2<sup>63</sup>−1 for signed and 0 to 2<sup>64</sup>−1 for unsigned,<sup id="cite_ref-c-std-5.2.4.2.1_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c-std-5.2.4.2.1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> must be fulfilled; however, extending this range is permitted.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This can be an issue when exchanging code and data between platforms, or doing direct hardware access. Thus, there are several sets of headers providing platform independent exact width types. The C <a href="/wiki/Standard_library" title="Standard library">standard library</a> provides <i><a href="/wiki/Stdint.h" class="mw-redirect" title="Stdint.h">stdint.h</a></i>; this was introduced in C99 and C++11. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Syntax">Syntax</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Integer_(computer_science)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Syntax"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Integer_literal" title="Integer literal">Integer literal</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Integer_literal" title="Integer literal">Integer literals</a> can be written as regular <a href="/wiki/Arabic_numerals" title="Arabic numerals">Arabic numerals</a>, consisting of a sequence of digits and with negation indicated by a <a href="/wiki/Hyphen-minus" title="Hyphen-minus">minus sign</a> before the value. However, most programming languages disallow use of commas or spaces for <a href="/wiki/Digit_grouping" class="mw-redirect" title="Digit grouping">digit grouping</a>. Examples of integer literals are: </p> <ul><li><code>42</code></li> <li><code>10000</code></li> <li><code>-233000</code></li></ul> <p>There are several alternate methods for writing integer literals in many programming languages: </p> <ul><li>Many programming languages, especially those influenced by <a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a>, prefix an integer literal with <code>0X</code> or <code>0x</code> to represent a <a href="/wiki/Hexadecimal" title="Hexadecimal">hexadecimal</a> value, e.g. <code>0xDEADBEEF</code>. Other languages may use a different notation, e.g. some <a href="/wiki/Assembly_language" title="Assembly language">assembly languages</a> append an <code>H</code> or <code>h</code> to the end of a hexadecimal value.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perl" title="Perl">Perl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ruby_(programming_language)" title="Ruby (programming language)">Ruby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julia_(programming_language)" title="Julia (programming language)">Julia</a>, <a href="/wiki/D_(programming_language)" title="D (programming language)">D</a>, <a href="/wiki/Go_(programming_language)" title="Go (programming language)">Go</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rust_(programming_language)" title="Rust (programming language)">Rust</a> and <a href="/wiki/Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a> (starting from version 3.6) allow embedded <a href="/wiki/Underscore" title="Underscore">underscores</a> for clarity, e.g. <code>10_000_000</code>, and fixed-form <a href="/wiki/Fortran" title="Fortran">Fortran</a> ignores embedded spaces in integer literals. C (starting from <a href="/wiki/C23_(C_standard_revision)" title="C23 (C standard revision)">C23</a>) and C++ use single quotes for this purpose.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a> and <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a>, a leading zero indicates an <a href="/wiki/Octal" title="Octal">octal</a> value, e.g. <code>0755</code>. This was primarily intended to be used with <a href="/wiki/Modes_(Unix)" class="mw-redirect" title="Modes (Unix)">Unix modes</a>; however, it has been criticized because normal integers may also lead with zero.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As such, <a href="/wiki/Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ruby_(programming_language)" title="Ruby (programming language)">Ruby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haskell" title="Haskell">Haskell</a>, and <a href="/wiki/OCaml" title="OCaml">OCaml</a> prefix octal values with <code>0O</code> or <code>0o</code>, following the layout used by hexadecimal values.</li> <li>Several languages, including <a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a>, <a href="/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="C Sharp (programming language)">C#</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scala_(programming_language)" title="Scala (programming language)">Scala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ruby_(programming_language)" title="Ruby (programming language)">Ruby</a>, <a href="/wiki/OCaml" title="OCaml">OCaml</a>, C (starting from C23) and C++ can represent binary values by prefixing a number with <code>0B</code> or <code>0b</code>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Integer_(computer_science)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arbitrary-precision_arithmetic" title="Arbitrary-precision arithmetic">Arbitrary-precision arithmetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binary-coded_decimal" title="Binary-coded decimal">Binary-coded decimal</a> (BCD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C_data_types" title="C data types">C data types</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integer_overflow" title="Integer overflow">Integer overflow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signed_number_representations" title="Signed number representations">Signed number representations</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Integer_(computer_science)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-notesqla-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-notesqla_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Not all SQL dialects have unsigned datatypes.<sup id="cite_ref-SybDT_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SybDT-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MySQLDT_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MySQLDT-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-notescb-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-notescb_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-notescb_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-notescb_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-notescb_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-notescb_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-notescb_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-notescb_7-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-notescb_7-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-notescb_7-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-notescb_7-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-notescb_7-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-notescb_7-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-notescb_7-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-notescb_7-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> The sizes of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">char</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">short</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">int</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">long</span> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">long long</span> in C/C++ are dependent upon the implementation of the language.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-notejavad-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-notejavad_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Java does not directly support arithmetic on <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">char</span> types. The results must be cast back into <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">char</span> from an <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">int</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-notedelphic-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-notedelphic_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-notedelphic_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> The sizes of Delphi's <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">Integer</span> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">Cardinal</span> are not guaranteed, varying from platform to platform; usually defined as <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">LongInt</span> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">LongWord</span> respectively.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-notede-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-notede_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-notede_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Reserved for future use. Not implemented yet. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The ISO C standard allows implementations to reserve the value with sign bit 1 and all other bits 0 (for sign–magnitude and two's complement representation) or with all bits 1 (for ones' complement) for use as a "trap" value, used to indicate (for example) an overflow.<sup id="cite_ref-c-std-6.2.6.2p2_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c-std-6.2.6.2p2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Integer_(computer_science)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCheever" class="citation web cs1">Cheever, Eric. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.swarthmore.edu/NatSci/echeeve1/Ref/BinaryMath/NumSys.html">"Representation of numbers"</a>. Swarthmore College<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-09-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Representation+of+numbers&rft.pub=Swarthmore+College&rft.aulast=Cheever&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.swarthmore.edu%2FNatSci%2Fecheeve1%2FRef%2FBinaryMath%2FNumSys.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteger+%28computer+science%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMadhusudhan_Konda2011" class="citation web cs1">Madhusudhan Konda (2011-09-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://radar.oreilly.com/2011/09/java7-features.html">"A look at Java 7's new features - O'Reilly Radar"</a>. Radar.oreilly.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+look+at+Java+7%27s+new+features+-+O%27Reilly+Radar&rft.pub=Radar.oreilly.com&rft.date=2011-09-02&rft.au=Madhusudhan+Konda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fradar.oreilly.com%2F2011%2F09%2Fjava7-features.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteger+%28computer+science%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarr2018" class="citation book cs1">Barr, Adam (2018-10-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BxdxDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22bitness%22&pg=PA268"><i>The Problem with Software: Why Smart Engineers Write Bad Code</i></a>. MIT Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-34821-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-262-34821-8"><bdi>978-0-262-34821-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Problem+with+Software%3A+Why+Smart+Engineers+Write+Bad+Code&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=2018-10-23&rft.isbn=978-0-262-34821-8&rft.aulast=Barr&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBxdxDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3D%2522bitness%2522%26pg%3DPA268&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteger+%28computer+science%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SybDT-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SybDT_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://infocenter.sybase.com/help/index.jsp?topic=/com.sybase.infocenter.dc36271.1550/html/blocks/blocks20.htm">"Sybase Adaptive Server Enterprise 15.5: Exact Numeric Datatypes"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sybase+Adaptive+Server+Enterprise+15.5%3A+Exact+Numeric+Datatypes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finfocenter.sybase.com%2Fhelp%2Findex.jsp%3Ftopic%3D%2Fcom.sybase.infocenter.dc36271.1550%2Fhtml%2Fblocks%2Fblocks20.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteger+%28computer+science%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MySQLDT-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MySQLDT_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/numeric-types.html">"MySQL 5.6 Numeric Datatypes"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MySQL+5.6+Numeric+Datatypes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdev.mysql.com%2Fdoc%2Frefman%2F5.6%2Fen%2Fnumeric-types.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteger+%28computer+science%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://download.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/math/BigInteger.html">"BigInteger (Java Platform SE 6)"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-06-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISO%2FIEC+9899%3A201x&rft.pages=section+6.2.6.2%2C+paragraph+2&rft.pub=open-std.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.open-std.org%2FJTC1%2FSC22%2FWG14%2Fwww%2Fdocs%2Fn1570.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteger+%28computer+science%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-c-std-5.2.4.2.1-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-c-std-5.2.4.2.1_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-c-std-5.2.4.2.1_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-c-std-5.2.4.2.1_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.open-std.org/JTC1/SC22/WG14/www/docs/n1570.pdf">"ISO/IEC 9899:201x"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. open-std.org. section 5.2.4.2.1<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-06-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISO%2FIEC+9899%3A201x&rft.pages=section+5.2.4.2.1&rft.pub=open-std.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.open-std.org%2FJTC1%2FSC22%2FWG14%2Fwww%2Fdocs%2Fn1570.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteger+%28computer+science%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cppreference.com/wiki/language/types">"Fundamental types in C++"</a>. cppreference.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fundamental+types+in+C%2B%2B&rft.pub=cppreference.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcppreference.com%2Fwiki%2Flanguage%2Ftypes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteger+%28computer+science%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/files/ECMA-ST/ECMA-372.pdf">"Chapter 8.6.2 on page 12"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ecma-international.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chapter+8.6.2+on+page+12&rft.pub=ecma-international.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecma-international.org%2Fpublications%2Ffiles%2FECMA-ST%2FECMA-372.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteger+%28computer+science%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">VB 6.0 help file</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa164754(office.10).aspx">"The Integer, Long, and Byte Data Types (VBA)"</a>. microsoft.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-12-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Integer%2C+Long%2C+and+Byte+Data+Types+%28VBA%29&rft.pub=microsoft.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmsdn2.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Flibrary%2Faa164754%28office.10%29.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteger+%28computer+science%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGiguere1987" class="citation web cs1">Giguere, Eric (December 18, 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ericgiguere.com/articles/ansi-c-summary.html">"The ANSI Standard: A Summary for the C Programmer"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-09-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+ANSI+Standard%3A+A+Summary+for+the+C+Programmer&rft.date=1987-12-18&rft.aulast=Giguere&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ericgiguere.com%2Farticles%2Fansi-c-summary.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteger+%28computer+science%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100822072551/http://flash-gordon.me.uk/ansi.c.txt">"American National Standard Programming Language C specifies the syntax and semantics of programs written in the C programming language"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://flash-gordon.me.uk/ansi.c.txt">the original</a> on 2010-08-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-09-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=American+National+Standard+Programming+Language+C+specifies+the+syntax+and+semantics+of+programs+written+in+the+C+programming+language.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fflash-gordon.me.uk%2Fansi.c.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteger+%28computer+science%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ECMAScript 6th Edition draft: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://people.mozilla.org/~jorendorff/es6-draft.html#sec-literals-numeric-literals">https://people.mozilla.org/~jorendorff/es6-draft.html#sec-literals-numeric-literals</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131216202526/https://people.mozilla.org/~jorendorff/es6-draft.html">Archived</a> 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</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Composite_data_type" title="Composite data type">Composite</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algebraic_data_type" title="Algebraic data type">Algebraic data type</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Generalized_algebraic_data_type" title="Generalized algebraic data type">generalized</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Array_data_type" class="mw-redirect" title="Array data type">Array</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Associative_array" title="Associative array">Associative array</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_(computer_programming)" title="Class (computer programming)">Class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dependent_type" title="Dependent type">Dependent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intuitionistic_type_theory#Equality_type" title="Intuitionistic type theory">Equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inductive_type" title="Inductive type">Inductive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersection_type" title="Intersection type">Intersection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_(abstract_data_type)" title="List (abstract data type)">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object_(computer_science)" title="Object (computer science)">Object</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metaobject" title="Metaobject">metaobject</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Option_type" title="Option type">Option type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Product_type" title="Product type">Product</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Record_(computer_science)" title="Record (computer science)">Record or Struct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refinement_type" title="Refinement type">Refinement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Set_(abstract_data_type)" title="Set (abstract data type)">Set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_type" title="Union type">Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tagged_union" title="Tagged union">tagged</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boolean_data_type" title="Boolean data type">Boolean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottom_type" title="Bottom type">Bottom type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Container_(abstract_data_type)" title="Container (abstract data type)">Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enumerated_type" title="Enumerated type">Enumerated type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exception_handling" title="Exception handling">Exception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Function_type" title="Function type">Function type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opaque_data_type" title="Opaque data type">Opaque data type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recursive_data_type" title="Recursive data type">Recursive data type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semaphore_(programming)" title="Semaphore (programming)">Semaphore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stream_(computing)" title="Stream (computing)">Stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strongly_typed_identifier" title="Strongly typed identifier">Strongly typed identifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_type" title="Top type">Top type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_class" title="Type class">Type class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empty_type" title="Empty type">Empty type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unit_type" title="Unit type">Unit type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Void_type" title="Void type">Void</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related<br />topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_data_type" title="Abstract data type">Abstract data type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxing_(computer_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Boxing (computer science)">Boxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_structure" title="Data structure">Data structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generic_programming" title="Generic programming">Generic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kind_(type_theory)" title="Kind (type theory)">Kind</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metaclass" title="Metaclass">metaclass</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parametric_polymorphism" title="Parametric polymorphism">Parametric polymorphism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primitive_data_type" title="Primitive data type">Primitive data type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interface_(object-oriented_programming)" title="Interface (object-oriented programming)">Interface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subtyping" title="Subtyping">Subtyping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_constructor" title="Type constructor">Type constructor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_conversion" title="Type conversion">Type conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_system" title="Type system">Type system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_theory" title="Type theory">Type 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