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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Aboriginal shell midden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aboriginal_shell_midden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Naming_the_Isle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naming_the_Isle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Naming the Isle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naming_the_Isle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cemetery_for_penal_colony" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cemetery_for_penal_colony"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Cemetery for penal colony</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cemetery_for_penal_colony-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon 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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Number of burials</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Number_of_burials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Burial_records" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Burial_records"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Burial records</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Burial_records-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Causes_of_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Causes_of_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Causes of death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Causes_of_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gravediggers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gravediggers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Gravediggers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gravediggers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Structures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sea_level_benchmark" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sea_level_benchmark"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Sea level benchmark</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sea_level_benchmark-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_accounts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_accounts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Early accounts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_accounts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conservation_and_tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conservation_and_tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Conservation and tourism</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Conservation_and_tourism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Conservation and tourism subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Conservation_and_tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Early tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erosion_and_vandalism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erosion_and_vandalism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Erosion and vandalism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erosion_and_vandalism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conservation_and_tourism_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conservation_and_tourism_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Conservation and tourism development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conservation_and_tourism_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Graves" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Graves"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Graves</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Graves-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div 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<li id="toc-Cemetery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cemetery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Cemetery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cemetery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_images" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_images"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2</span> <span>Early images</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_images-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Isle_of_the_Dead_(Tasmania)&params=43_08_57_S_147_52_03_E_type:landmark_region:AU"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">43°08′57″S</span> <span class="longitude">147°52′03″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">43.14917°S 147.86750°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-43.14917; 147.86750</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about an island in Australia. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_the_Dead_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Isle of the Dead (disambiguation)">Isle of the Dead (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Protected area in Tasmania, Australia</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr" style="font-size: 125%; line-height: 1.3em; background-color:transparent;"><span class="fn org locality">Isle of the Dead, Port Arthur</span><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-size:88%" class="region"><a href="/wiki/Port_Arthur,_Tasmania" title="Port Arthur, Tasmania">Port Arthur, Tasmania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">Tasmania</a></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size: 100%;"><div style="background-color: #A5CADA;"><a href="/wiki/IUCN_protected_area_categories" title="IUCN protected area categories">IUCN category</a> V (protected landscape/seascape) </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:2018-02-15_111355_Port_Arthur_Isle_of_the_Dead_anagoria.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/2018-02-15_111355_Port_Arthur_Isle_of_the_Dead_anagoria.JPG/270px-2018-02-15_111355_Port_Arthur_Isle_of_the_Dead_anagoria.JPG" decoding="async" width="270" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/2018-02-15_111355_Port_Arthur_Isle_of_the_Dead_anagoria.JPG/405px-2018-02-15_111355_Port_Arthur_Isle_of_the_Dead_anagoria.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/2018-02-15_111355_Port_Arthur_Isle_of_the_Dead_anagoria.JPG/540px-2018-02-15_111355_Port_Arthur_Isle_of_the_Dead_anagoria.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Isle of the Dead, Port Arthur, Tasmania, Australia</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:210px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:210px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:210px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Australia_Tasmania_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Isle of the Dead, Port Arthur is located in Tasmania"><img alt="Isle of the Dead, Port Arthur is located in Tasmania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Australia_Tasmania_location_map.svg/210px-Australia_Tasmania_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="210" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Australia_Tasmania_location_map.svg/315px-Australia_Tasmania_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Australia_Tasmania_location_map.svg/420px-Australia_Tasmania_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="780" data-file-height="957" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:82.983%;left:79.409%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Isle of the Dead, Port Arthur"><img alt="Isle of the Dead, Port Arthur" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Isle of the Dead, Port Arthur</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:40%; background-color:transparent;"><span style="white-space: nowrap">Nearest town or city</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Highcroft" class="mw-redirect" title="Highcroft">Highcroft</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:40%; background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Isle_of_the_Dead_(Tasmania)&params=43_08_57_S_147_52_03_E_type:landmark_region:AU"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">43°08′57″S</span> <span class="longitude">147°52′03″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">43.14917°S 147.86750°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-43.14917; 147.86750</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:40%; background-color:transparent;">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">cemetery 1833<sup id="cite_ref-CTH_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CTH-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:40%; background-color:transparent;">Abolished</th><td class="infobox-data">cemetery 1877<sup id="cite_ref-CTH_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CTH-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:40%; background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/Gazetteer_of_Australia" title="Gazetteer of Australia">Gazetted</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3 June 2005</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:40%; background-color:transparent;">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">0.1 km<sup>2</sup> (0.0 sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:40%; background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Australia" title="Time in Australia">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Australian Eastern Standard Time (<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B10" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+10">UTC+10</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:40%; background-color:transparent;"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data">Australian Eastern Standard Time (<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B11" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+11">UTC+11</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:40%; background-color:transparent;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><ul style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><li> 98 km (61 mi) SE of <a href="/wiki/Hobart" title="Hobart">Hobart</a> </li><li> 20 km (12 mi) S of <a href="/wiki/Eaglehawk_Neck" title="Eaglehawk Neck">Eaglehawk Neck</a> </li></ul></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:40%; background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_areas_of_Tasmania" title="Local government areas of Tasmania">LGA(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tasman_Council" title="Tasman Council">Tasman Council</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:40%; background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_Australia" title="List of regions of Australia">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tasman_Peninsula" title="Tasman Peninsula">Tasman Peninsula</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:40%; background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/Electorates_of_the_Australian_states_and_territories" title="Electorates of the Australian states and territories">State electorate(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Lyons</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:40%; background-color:transparent;"><span style="white-space: nowrap">Managing authorities</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Port Arthur Historic Site Management Authority</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:40%; background-color:transparent;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portarthur.org.au/">Isle of the Dead, Port Arthur</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%; border: 1px #ddd solid;"> <tbody><tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="background-color:#f0f0ff;border: 1px #FFF solid; text-align:center; width:33%;"><b>Mean max temp</b><sup id="cite_ref-BOM_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOM-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td style="background-color:#f0f0ff;border: 1px #FFF solid; text-align:center; width:34%;"><b>Mean min temp</b><sup id="cite_ref-BOM_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOM-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td style="background-color:#f0f0ff;border: 1px #FFF solid; text-align:center; width:33%;"><b>Annual rainfall</b><sup id="cite_ref-BOM_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOM-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> </tr><tr style="border: 1px #FFF solid" class="mergedrow"> <td style="padding: 2px 0px; text-align:center; width:33%;"> 14.7 °C <br />58 °F</td> <td style="padding: 2px 0px; text-align:center; width:34%;">8.9 °C <br />48 °F</td> <td style="padding: 2px 0px; text-align:center; width:33%;">796.6 mm <br />31.4 in</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:40%; background-color:transparent;">See also</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Tasmania" title="Protected areas of Tasmania">Protected areas of Tasmania</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Designations</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><div style="border:4px solid #0177D3; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Cultural</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Criteria</th><td class="infobox-data">iv, v</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designated</th><td class="infobox-data">2010</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Convict_Sites" title="Australian Convict Sites">Australian Convict Sites</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference no.</th><td class="infobox-data">1306-008</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><div style="border:4px solid #CDE5B2; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/Australian_National_Heritage_List" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian National Heritage List">Australian National Heritage List</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data">Port Arthur Historic Site</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Historic</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Criteria</th><td class="infobox-data">a,b,c,d,e,g,h</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designated</th><td class="infobox-data">3 June 2005</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference no.</th><td class="infobox-data">105718</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><div style="border:4px solid #B2E5CD; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_Heritage_Register" title="Tasmanian Heritage Register">Tasmanian Heritage Register</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data">Port Arthur Penal Settlement</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Historic cultural heritage</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Criteria</th><td class="infobox-data">6</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designated</th><td class="infobox-data">1995</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Isle of the Dead</b> is an island, about 1 hectare (2.5 acres) in area, adjacent to <a href="/wiki/Port_Arthur,_Tasmania" title="Port Arthur, Tasmania">Port Arthur, Tasmania</a>, Australia. It is historically significant since it retains an <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Tasmanians" title="Aboriginal Tasmanians">Aboriginal</a> coastal shell <a href="/wiki/Midden" title="Midden">midden</a>, one of the first recorded sea-level <a href="/wiki/Benchmark_(surveying)" title="Benchmark (surveying)">benchmarks</a>, and one of the few preserved Australian <a href="/wiki/Convicts_in_Australia" title="Convicts in Australia">convict</a>-period burial grounds.<sup id="cite_ref-:242_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:242-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Isle of the Dead occupies part of the <a href="/wiki/Port_Arthur,_Tasmania" title="Port Arthur, Tasmania">Port Arthur Historic Site</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is part of <a href="/wiki/Australian_Convict_Sites" title="Australian Convict Sites">Australian Convict Sites</a> and is listed as a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Property</a> because it represents convictism in the era of <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British colonisation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:132_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:132-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Before European settlement, <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Australians" title="Aboriginal Australians">Aboriginal</a> people gathered food on the island. From 1833 the island was used as a cemetery for convicts and free people of the Port Arthur penal settlement.<sup id="cite_ref-:23_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:23-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:25_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:25-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Isle of the Dead was the destination for all who died inside the prison camps. Of the 1,000 estimated graves recorded to exist there, only 180, those of prison staff and military personnel, were marked.<sup id="cite_ref-:242_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:242-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cemetery was closed following the demise of the Port Arthur settlement in 1877 and the island was sold as private land. It was reacquired and managed by the Tasmanian government from the early twentieth century. </p><p>Over the last century tourism has grown with improved services and infrastructure. Increased conservation initiatives have been undertaken to preserve the island and its relics, resulting in the island being declared a cultural heritage property and protected under Australian state and federal laws. It is also listed under <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>'s <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">world heritage sites</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Location">Location</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_the_Dead_(Tasmania)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Location"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Isle of the Dead is an approximately 10,000 square metres (1 hectare) island within Carnarvon Bay at the northern tip of Point Puer on the Southern <a href="/wiki/Tasman_Peninsula" title="Tasman Peninsula">Tasman Peninsula</a> in the Island State of <a href="/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">Tasmania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is approximately 98 kilometres (61 miles) southeast of the state capital, <a href="/wiki/Hobart" title="Hobart">Hobart</a>. Driving from Hobart, via the Tasman Highway /A3, the Arthur Highway /A9 to Port Arthur Historic Site takes around 80 minutes. Isle of the Dead is approximately 700 metres (0.43 miles) from Point Puer.<sup id="cite_ref-:18_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:18-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is 1.2 km (3/4 of a mile) from Mason Cove.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is only accessible by boat and Port Arthur Historic Site offers guided ferry tours to the island.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aboriginal_shell_midden">Aboriginal shell midden</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_the_Dead_(Tasmania)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Aboriginal shell midden"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Original inhabitants of this area were the <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Tasmanians#Oyster_Bay_(Paredarerme)" title="Aboriginal Tasmanians">Pydairrerme</a> people, a band of the Oyster Bay tribe.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to the 1830s, local Aboriginals used the island to gather shellfish and camp.<sup id="cite_ref-:25_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:25-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Isle of the Dead retains a large <a href="/wiki/Midden" title="Midden">midden</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Thorn_&_Piper,_1996,_p._4_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thorn_&_Piper,_1996,_p._4-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The midden contains shells and the remains of campfires (charcoal and ash), evidence of past aboriginal people visiting the isle to gather shellfish and molluscs such as abalone and mussels. It is located under an overhanging cliff and rock platform, which was used for shelter.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This midden is defined as an aboriginal relic and is protected under the Aboriginal Heritage Act 1975.<sup id="cite_ref-:26_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:26-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Naming_the_Isle">Naming the Isle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_the_Dead_(Tasmania)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Naming the Isle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Admiralty_Chart_No_1083_Burnett_Harbour_and_Port_Arthur,_Published_1830.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Admiralty_Chart_No_1083_Burnett_Harbour_and_Port_Arthur%2C_Published_1830.jpg/307px-Admiralty_Chart_No_1083_Burnett_Harbour_and_Port_Arthur%2C_Published_1830.jpg" decoding="async" width="307" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Admiralty_Chart_No_1083_Burnett_Harbour_and_Port_Arthur%2C_Published_1830.jpg/461px-Admiralty_Chart_No_1083_Burnett_Harbour_and_Port_Arthur%2C_Published_1830.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Admiralty_Chart_No_1083_Burnett_Harbour_and_Port_Arthur%2C_Published_1830.jpg/614px-Admiralty_Chart_No_1083_Burnett_Harbour_and_Port_Arthur%2C_Published_1830.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4702" data-file-height="3310" /></a><figcaption>Captain John Welsh's surveying map of Port Arthur and Isle of the Dead (dated 1828). Admiralty Chart No 1083, published 1830.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Admiralty_Chart_No_1475_Tasmania_-_South_Coast._Port_Arthur,_Published_1893.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Admiralty_Chart_No_1475_Tasmania_-_South_Coast._Port_Arthur%2C_Published_1893.jpg/220px-Admiralty_Chart_No_1475_Tasmania_-_South_Coast._Port_Arthur%2C_Published_1893.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Admiralty_Chart_No_1475_Tasmania_-_South_Coast._Port_Arthur%2C_Published_1893.jpg/330px-Admiralty_Chart_No_1475_Tasmania_-_South_Coast._Port_Arthur%2C_Published_1893.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Admiralty_Chart_No_1475_Tasmania_-_South_Coast._Port_Arthur%2C_Published_1893.jpg/440px-Admiralty_Chart_No_1475_Tasmania_-_South_Coast._Port_Arthur%2C_Published_1893.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6046" data-file-height="8083" /></a><figcaption>Admiralty Chart No.1475. Hydrographic survey of "Dead Island" and Port Arthur, Tasmania, 1893.</figcaption></figure> <p>With the arrival of <a href="/wiki/Settler_colonialism" title="Settler colonialism">settler colonialism</a>, the isle was called Opossum Island in 1827. It was named after Captain John Welsh's <a href="/wiki/Sloop" title="Sloop">sloop</a> <i>Opossum</i> while seeking shelter nearby when surveying the harbours on the Tasman Peninsula.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:02_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Reverend <a href="/wiki/John_Manton" title="John Manton">John Allen Manton</a>, an English <a href="/wiki/Wesleyan_theology" title="Wesleyan theology">Wesleyan</a> <a href="/wiki/Missionary" title="Missionary">missionary</a>, arrived in February 1833 as first <a href="/wiki/Chaplain" title="Chaplain">chaplain</a> for the Port Arthur settlement.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:12_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He wrote in a religious pamphlet that he selected this isle for a cemetery, as it was close to the colony, "<i>a secure and undisturbed resting-place</i>" and renamed "Isle of the Dead" for its purpose as a burial place.<sup id="cite_ref-:17_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The isle was recorded as "Dead Island" in a <a href="/wiki/Hydrographic_survey" title="Hydrographic survey">hydrographic survey</a> undertaken from the surveying ship <a href="/wiki/HMS_Dart_(1882)" title="HMS Dart (1882)">HMS <i>Dart</i></a> in 1893 and published as <a href="/wiki/Admiralty_chart" title="Admiralty chart">Admiralty chart</a> 1475.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Island was also known as "Isle des Morts" and "Dead Men's Isle".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurn1905_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurn1905-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeidenhofer1990117_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeidenhofer1990117-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cemetery_for_penal_colony">Cemetery for penal colony</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_the_Dead_(Tasmania)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Cemetery for penal colony"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Penal_settlement_usage">Penal settlement usage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_the_Dead_(Tasmania)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Penal settlement usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The isle was used as a cemetery for the penal settlement of Port Arthur from September 1833 to 1877.<sup id="cite_ref-:18_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:18-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This included the Point Puer boys' prison, which operated from January 1834 until 1849.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were also a small number of burials from the military posting at <a href="/wiki/Eaglehawk_Neck" title="Eaglehawk Neck">Eaglehawk Neck</a> and from the Coal Mines (<a href="/wiki/Coal_Mines_Historic_Site" title="Coal Mines Historic Site">Coal Mines Historic Site</a>), which operated from 1833 to 1848.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The colony experienced population decline following the closure of Point Puer boys' prison in 1849,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the end of convict transportation to Tasmania in 1853,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the departure of the military in 1863.<sup id="cite_ref-:03_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:03-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cemetery continued to be used for destitute, aged and infirm men, mainly convicts and ex convicts, residing in Port Arthur's welfare institutions, the hospital, Paupers' (invalid) Depot (established in 1864) and <a href="/wiki/Lunatic_asylum" title="Lunatic asylum">Lunatic Asylum</a> (established in 1867) until they were closed in 1877.<sup id="cite_ref-:03_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:03-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Burial_designation">Burial designation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_the_Dead_(Tasmania)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Burial designation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The cemetery was divided into designated sections. Convicts were buried on the lower, southern end of the island. No headstones or markings were placed on convict graves, as they were not allowed.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alfred Mawle, a tour guide for Port Arthur from about 1899 to 1939,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> described that convict graves were marked with small metal numbers, which went missing in the 1920s.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeidenhofer1990118_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeidenhofer1990118-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Free people were located on the northern western corner of the island and their graves were generally marked with <a href="/wiki/Footstone" title="Footstone">footstones</a>, headstones and tombstones cut by convict stonemasons. Approximately eighty-one headstones and five footstones, dated from 1831 to 1877, were identified and inscriptions recorded in the late 1970s. Of these, four belonged to former convicts who were free at the time of their deaths and nine were erected as memorials to convicts after the closure of the penal colony.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is estimated that less than 10% of all the burials on the Isle of Dead were formally marked.<sup id="cite_ref-:14_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gravestones_Isle_of_Dead_Tasmania_Port_Arthur.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Gravestones_Isle_of_Dead_Tasmania_Port_Arthur.JPG/309px-Gravestones_Isle_of_Dead_Tasmania_Port_Arthur.JPG" decoding="async" width="309" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Gravestones_Isle_of_Dead_Tasmania_Port_Arthur.JPG/464px-Gravestones_Isle_of_Dead_Tasmania_Port_Arthur.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Gravestones_Isle_of_Dead_Tasmania_Port_Arthur.JPG/618px-Gravestones_Isle_of_Dead_Tasmania_Port_Arthur.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1828" data-file-height="1371" /></a><figcaption>Gravestones on the Isle of the Dead</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Number_of_burials">Number of burials</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_the_Dead_(Tasmania)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Number of burials"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Approximately 1,000 people have been buried on the Isle of the Dead.<sup id="cite_ref-:32_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:32-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:13_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The actual number of people buried on the island is unknown because of the destruction of many official records, incomplete burial records and lack of records for free people located at Port Arthur and the outstations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurn19059_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurn19059-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:13_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Estimates of the number buried is based on <a href="/wiki/Geophysics" title="Geophysics">geophysical</a> studies, remaining burial and death records and the limited size of the convict burial section on the isle.<sup id="cite_ref-:32_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:32-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Historical estimates have been variable. The <i><a href="/wiki/Hobart_Town_Courier" class="mw-redirect" title="Hobart Town Courier">Hobart Town Courier</a></i> published 43 burials on the isle in 1836.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tasmanian" title="The Tasmanian">The Tasmanian</a></i> reported 1,500 graves in 1872.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1,500 graves were recorded again on an "Isle of the Dead" tourist <a href="/wiki/Postcard" title="Postcard">postcard</a> in 1909.<sup id="cite_ref-:122_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:122-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1907 an <i><a href="/wiki/Australian_Town_and_Country_Journal" title="Australian Town and Country Journal">Australian Town and Country Journal</a></i> article about convict burials across the Tasman Peninsula cited 1,700 convict burials on the isle.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Burial_records">Burial records</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_the_Dead_(Tasmania)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Burial records"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Wesleyan mission conducted all the religious duties,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurn190523_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurn190523-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including the burial services on the Isle of the Dead and recorded them in a burial register from 1833 to 1843.<sup id="cite_ref-:05_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:05-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:18_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:18-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The register shows that in the cemetery's first decade, 90% of burials were convicts and 90% were younger than 40 years old of which 39 were children from Point Puer boys' reformatory prison.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over 50% of the convicts buried were labourers with the remaining mostly shoemakers, carpenters and sawyers for the timber industry.<sup id="cite_ref-:05_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:05-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Free people buried on the island were 1 government official, 7 soldiers, 7 <a href="/wiki/Sailor" title="Sailor">seamen</a>, an officer's wife and 9 children.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Wesleyan burial register indicates that four women were buried on the island.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to this number, an elderly aboriginal woman may also have been buried on the isle in 1833. In a diary entry by Lady <a href="/wiki/Jane_Franklin" title="Jane Franklin">Jane Franklin</a>, she describes the elder dying while journeying on the government <a href="/wiki/Brig" title="Brig">brig</a>, <i>Tamar</i>, on its way to Hobart, and her burial undertaken during the boat's layover at Port Arthur.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeidenhofer1990117_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeidenhofer1990117-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> ministers replaced the Wesleyan missionary in 1843. The only remaining burial record from 1843 to the closure of the cemetery are the Church of England's register kept from 1850 to 1864.<sup id="cite_ref-:05_56-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:05-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Causes_of_death">Causes of death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_the_Dead_(Tasmania)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Causes of death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From the existing records most burials on the Isle of the Dead were a result of death caused by disease. Convicts arrived to the colony from the unsanitary and overcrowded conditions of the <a href="/wiki/Hulk_(ship_type)" title="Hulk (ship type)">hulks</a> and gaols and experienced nutritional deficiency.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the early years illness such as <a href="/wiki/Dysentery" title="Dysentery">dysentery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Enteritis" title="Enteritis">enteritis</a> and fever were the main causes of death followed by respiratory disease and <a href="/wiki/Epidemic" title="Epidemic">epidemics</a> spreading through the colony. There were also a significant number of deaths from accidents, murder and suicide.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gravediggers">Gravediggers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_the_Dead_(Tasmania)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Gravediggers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MarkJeffreyConvict.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/MarkJeffreyConvict.jpg/160px-MarkJeffreyConvict.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/MarkJeffreyConvict.jpg/240px-MarkJeffreyConvict.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/MarkJeffreyConvict.jpg/320px-MarkJeffreyConvict.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="847" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mark_Jeffrey" title="Mark Jeffrey">Mark Jeffrey</a> (1825–1894). Convict gravedigger for Isle of the Dead, who wrote a published autobiography about his life, including his time as a prisoner in Port Arthur.</figcaption></figure><p>There are two known <a href="/wiki/Gravedigger" title="Gravedigger">gravediggers</a> who lived and worked on the Isle of the Dead during its time as a penal colony. The first was John Barron, an Irish convict who lived and worked on the island for more than 10 years until pardoned in 1874.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:22_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second was <a href="/wiki/Mark_Jeffrey" title="Mark Jeffrey">Mark Jeffrey</a>, an English convict who volunteered for the job as gravedigger and lived on the isle from Mondays to Saturdays and returned to the Port Arthur settlement to attend Sunday church services. He was the gravedigger until the penal colony's closure in April 1877, then transferred to Hobart Town prison.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:16_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:16-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ross,_1995,_p._66_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ross,_1995,_p._66-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeidenhofer1990118_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeidenhofer1990118-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Structures">Structures</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_the_Dead_(Tasmania)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Structures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Isle of the Dead had two shelters that were constructed during its period as a penal cemetery: the gravedigger's residence which was a <a href="/wiki/Clapboard" title="Clapboard">weatherboard</a> hut with a wood <a href="/wiki/Roof_shingle" title="Roof shingle">shingled roof</a> and brick <a href="/wiki/Chimney" title="Chimney">chimney</a>; and a shelter for funeral parties which was a <a href="/wiki/Latticework" title="Latticework">latticework</a>-sided shed located near the jetty.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:7_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sea_level_benchmark">Sea level benchmark</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_the_Dead_(Tasmania)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Sea level benchmark"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cut_Mark_in_Scarborough,_NO10_Royal_Avenue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Cut_Mark_in_Scarborough%2C_NO10_Royal_Avenue.jpg/164px-Cut_Mark_in_Scarborough%2C_NO10_Royal_Avenue.jpg" decoding="async" width="164" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Cut_Mark_in_Scarborough%2C_NO10_Royal_Avenue.jpg/247px-Cut_Mark_in_Scarborough%2C_NO10_Royal_Avenue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Cut_Mark_in_Scarborough%2C_NO10_Royal_Avenue.jpg/328px-Cut_Mark_in_Scarborough%2C_NO10_Royal_Avenue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>An example of a naval ordinance <a href="/wiki/Benchmark_(surveying)" title="Benchmark (surveying)">surveying benchmark</a> carved into rock. Located in <a href="/wiki/Scarborough,_North_Yorkshire" title="Scarborough, North Yorkshire">Scarborough, United Kingdom.</a></figcaption></figure><p>In 1841 Captain <a href="/wiki/James_Clark_Ross" title="James Clark Ross">James Clark Ross</a>, on his Southern Antarctic expedition, undertook scientific excursions on the Tasman Peninsula. Accompanied by Lieutenant-Governor <a href="/wiki/John_Franklin" title="John Franklin">John Franklin</a>, he visited Port Arthur. One reason for this visit was to establish a permanent sea level benchmark based on tidal observations initiated by Franklin and continued by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_James_Lempriere" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas James Lempriere">Thomas James Lempriere</a>, Deputy Assistant Commissary General of Port Arthur.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoss184722–24_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoss184722–24-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lempriere had taken on the duties of recording meteorological and tidal observations following the drowning of the <a href="/wiki/Surveyor_of_the_Navy" title="Surveyor of the Navy">Surveyor</a> for the Royal Navy, Lieutenant Thomas Burnett in May 1837.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He recorded observations with a thermometer, water barometer, rain and tide gauge from 1 July 1837 to 30 June 1841.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These charts were then sent to the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Office" title="Colonial Office">Colonial Office</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Captain Ross describes in his book, <i>A Voyage of Discovery and Research in the Southern and Antarctic Regions during the Years 1839–43,</i> that the Isle of the Dead was chosen for the placement of the benchmark as it was near to the tide register. The benchmark was then struck following Franklin giving Lempriere the workers he needed to have the mark cut deeply in the rock where Lempriere's "tidal observations indicated as the mean level of the ocean".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoss184722–24_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoss184722–24-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The benchmark was carved into a north facing vertical rock on the Isle of the Dead on 1 July 1841.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:62_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:62-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The standard British ordnance survey <a href="/wiki/Benchmark_(surveying)" title="Benchmark (surveying)">benchmark</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Broad_arrow" title="Broad arrow">broad arrow</a> was used with the horizontal line measuring 50 cm across.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A small stone tablet was also installed above the benchmark recording the date the benchmark was struck and the measurements used to determine its position.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tablet remained until the early 20th century when it was reported missing.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:19_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:19-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Isle of the Dead benchmark, including the related surviving records up until 1848, were placed on the Australian National Heritage List in June 2005 for having "exceptional historical and scientific significance in the international field of climate research".<sup id="cite_ref-:15_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The benchmark is believed to be one of the oldest sea level benchmarks installed in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-:15_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:8_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is one of the first and few remaining early sea level measurements in existence in the Southern Hemisphere.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:15_80-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also estimated to be the first benchmark made to measure "relative land-sea vertical movements at an ocean site".<sup id="cite_ref-:15_80-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Isle of the Dead sea level benchmark together with Lempriere's records and those taken since that time, cover the longest time span of any sea level observations in the Southern Hemisphere.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_accounts">Early accounts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_the_Dead_(Tasmania)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Early accounts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marcus_Clarke_Sydney_Writers_Walk_plaque.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Marcus_Clarke_Sydney_Writers_Walk_plaque.jpg/171px-Marcus_Clarke_Sydney_Writers_Walk_plaque.jpg" decoding="async" width="171" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Marcus_Clarke_Sydney_Writers_Walk_plaque.jpg/257px-Marcus_Clarke_Sydney_Writers_Walk_plaque.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Marcus_Clarke_Sydney_Writers_Walk_plaque.jpg/342px-Marcus_Clarke_Sydney_Writers_Walk_plaque.jpg 2x" data-file-width="886" data-file-height="886" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Writers_Walk" title="Sydney Writers Walk">Sydney Writers Walk</a> plaque commemorating <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Clarke" title="Marcus Clarke">Marcus Clarke</a>'s novel <i>For the Term of His Natural Life</i>. Embedded in footpath near <a href="/wiki/Overseas_Passenger_Terminal" title="Overseas Passenger Terminal">Overseas Passenger Terminal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Circular_Quay" title="Circular Quay">Circular Quay</a>, Sydney, Australia.</figcaption></figure><p>Port Arthur and the surrounding areas and waterways were closed to the public during its time as a penal colony.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Visits were expensive and could be made with government approval.<sup id="cite_ref-:21_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:21-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/David_Burn" title="David Burn">David Burn</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Scottish_people" title="Scottish people">Scottish</a> <a href="/wiki/Settler" title="Settler">settler</a> and author, was granted permission to visit by the <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Secretary_of_Tasmania" title="Colonial Secretary of Tasmania">Colonial Secretary</a>. He arrived by government vessel and was taken on a tour conducted by the commandant of the colony, <a href="/wiki/Charles_O%27Hara_Booth" title="Charles O'Hara Booth">Charles O'Hara Booth</a> in January 1842.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurn190513–14_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurn190513–14-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His account of his visit titled <i>An Excursion to Port Arthur in 1842</i> was published in 1853 and describes the isle "picturesquely sorrowful… soothing in its melancholy". Burn recounts the stories of a number of people buried on the isle including the first buried convict, Dennis Collins and his meeting in the hospital with author and convict, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Savery" title="Henry Savery">Henry Savery</a> who was later buried on Isle of the Dead.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurn190533–34_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurn190533–34-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jones,_2016,_p._65_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jones,_2016,_p._65-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Goc,_2002,_p._24_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goc,_2002,_p._24-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Clarke" title="Marcus Clarke">Marcus Clarke</a>, journalist and author, visited Port Arthur colony in 1870.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Approaching by boat he "beheld barring… passage to the prison the low grey hummocks of the Isle of the Dead".<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His book titled <i><a href="/wiki/For_the_Term_of_His_Natural_Life" title="For the Term of His Natural Life">For the Term of His Natural Life</a></i> was published in 1872 and reflects his research on convictism from this trip and includes the Isle of the Dead as one of its locations.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jones,_2016,_p._65_90-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jones,_2016,_p._65-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This book was made into a number of films and Port Arthur was used as a filming location in 1908 and 1926.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Trollope" title="Anthony Trollope">Anthony Trollope</a>, an English author, visited the Isle of the Dead in 1872. His book titled <i>Australia and New Zealand</i> published in 1873, describes the isle and his meeting with convict gravedigger John Barren.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeidenhofer1990118_42-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeidenhofer1990118-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <p><a href="/wiki/Mark_Jeffrey" title="Mark Jeffrey">Mark Jeffrey</a>, an English convict, was an Isle of the Dead gravedigger. Following release from prison on a <a href="/wiki/Ticket_of_leave" title="Ticket of leave">ticket of leave</a> and due to ill health and poverty he was transferred to the Invalid Depot in Launceston, Tasmania. From here, Jeffrey, being illiterate, narrated his life story including his time at Port Arthur colony, which was published in a book in 1893 and 1900, titled <i>A Burglar's Life; or the Stirring Adventures of the Great English Burglar, Mark Jeffrey: A thrilling history of the dark days of convictism in Australia</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:16_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:16-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:11_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeidenhofer1990118_42-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeidenhofer1990118-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ross,_1995,_p._66_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ross,_1995,_p._66-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anthony_Trollope_Sydney_Writers_Walk_plaque.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Anthony_Trollope_Sydney_Writers_Walk_plaque.jpg/164px-Anthony_Trollope_Sydney_Writers_Walk_plaque.jpg" decoding="async" width="164" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Anthony_Trollope_Sydney_Writers_Walk_plaque.jpg/246px-Anthony_Trollope_Sydney_Writers_Walk_plaque.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Anthony_Trollope_Sydney_Writers_Walk_plaque.jpg/328px-Anthony_Trollope_Sydney_Writers_Walk_plaque.jpg 2x" data-file-width="886" data-file-height="886" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Writers_Walk" title="Sydney Writers Walk">Sydney Writers Walk</a> plaque commemorating <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Trollope" title="Anthony Trollope">Anthony Trollope</a>'s book <i>Australia and New Zealand.</i> Embedded in footpath near <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Contemporary_Art_Australia" title="Museum of Contemporary Art Australia">Museum of Contemporary Art Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Circular_Quay" title="Circular Quay">Circular Quay</a>, Sydney, Australia</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conservation_and_tourism">Conservation and tourism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_the_Dead_(Tasmania)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Conservation and tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_tourism">Early tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_the_Dead_(Tasmania)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Early tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tourism began within six months of Port Arthur's closure as a penal settlement in 1877.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1880 Port Arthur had a tourist centre running organised tours.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It grew gradually from local people to arrivals from Melbourne and Sydney.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the 1890s tourist excursions were being regularly run in summer by <a href="/wiki/Steamship" title="Steamship">steamship</a> companies departing from Hobart, Melbourne and Sydney as land infrastructure was not fully developed.<sup id="cite_ref-:21_85-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:21-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite tourism growth to Port Arthur, visits to Isle of the Dead were reduced as it was offshore and required the hiring of a boat.<sup id="cite_ref-:18_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:18-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Material remains of historical tourism is evident by a <a href="/wiki/Watercolor_painting" title="Watercolor painting">watercolour</a> of Isle of the Dead by <a href="/wiki/Ebenezer_Wake_Cook" title="Ebenezer Wake Cook">Ebenezer Wake Cook</a>, commissioned by the <a href="/wiki/Alfred,_Duke_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Duke of Edinburgh</a> during his visit to Tasmania in January 1868.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also seen in photographic postcards, from 1905 by photographers such as <a href="/wiki/John_Watt_Beattie" title="John Watt Beattie">John Watt Beattie</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:21_85-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:21-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and postcards printed from 1905 to 1921 by J. Walch and Son. McVitty and W.J. Little.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first image recorded of Isle of the Dead was by Catherine Augusta Mitchell who pencilled a sketch of her children's burial place around 1845.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1887 Isle of the Dead together with Point Puer were sold as private land to Thomas White as Lot 7378 until acquired by the Tasmanian government in 1915.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is unknown what the isle was used for during this time. Point Puer, part of the same allotment, was used for farming purposes until the 1960s.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Erosion_and_vandalism">Erosion and vandalism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_the_Dead_(Tasmania)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Erosion and vandalism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Damage has occurred to the island from <a href="/wiki/Erosion" title="Erosion">erosion</a>. In 1879 a large part of the isle collapsed on the eastern side leaving graves exposed at the cliff edge.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Government grants to restore gravestones and remove overgrowth in 1892 and the removal of almost all vegetation in 1933 exposed the isle to weather causing severe erosion to the island and cemetery.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeidenhofer1990119_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeidenhofer1990119-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1938 a memorial garden was established using native and exotic plants and headstones were repaired with cement.<sup id="cite_ref-:21_85-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:21-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:54_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:54-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:552_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:552-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Destruction also occurred from recurring vandalism to the cemetery's monuments.<sup id="cite_ref-:19_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:19-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tourists arrived by <a href="/wiki/Steamship" title="Steamship">steamship</a> on cheap day tickets and removed relics as souvenirs.<sup id="cite_ref-Goc,_2002,_p._24_91-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goc,_2002,_p._24-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was able to continue, as there was a general lack of funds and protective measures in place, until the 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conservation_and_tourism_development">Conservation and tourism development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_the_Dead_(Tasmania)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Conservation and tourism development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1916 the Tasmanian government established the Scenery Preservation Board, which acquired Isle of the Dead and listed it as a Scenic Reserve.<sup id="cite_ref-:21_85-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:21-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:54_115-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:54-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:552_116-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:552-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With a rapid increase in tourism following World War II, this board established the Port Arthur Scenic Reserves Board, which developed a scenic attraction by clearing overgrowth and planting trees.<sup id="cite_ref-:21_85-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:21-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The National Parks and Wildlife Service (NPWS) took over the management of the isle in 1971 and introduced conservation methods to minimise further erosion by removing exotic species and planting native trees to act as wind breaks to protect the headstones. They also restored monuments with concrete and mortar.<sup id="cite_ref-:54_115-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:54-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:552_116-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:552-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Thorn_&_Piper,_1996,_p._4_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thorn_&_Piper,_1996,_p._4-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From the 1970s tourism was promoted through "Isle of Dead Tours" facilitated by a new jetty and boat trip on the <i>O'Hara Booth</i> departing from Port Arthur's Mason Cove. These tours were not guided and attempts to limit tourist movements were made by pathways and chains around headstones.<sup id="cite_ref-:552_116-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:552-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Port Arthur Historic Site Management Authority (PAHSMA) has managed the Isle of the Dead from 1987. PAHSMA receives government funding and generates further revenue through tourism.<sup id="cite_ref-:21_85-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:21-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This revenue has funded conservation and heritage activities such as: maritime research uncovering artefacts of convict boat transport, old jetty and moorings on the Isle of the Dead's coastline;<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> monitoring headstone deterioration and restorations;<sup id="cite_ref-:10_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:162_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:162-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and, <a href="/wiki/Geophysics" title="Geophysics">geophysical</a> investigations of the layout and physical characteristics of the burial ground.<sup id="cite_ref-:242_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:242-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:32_45-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:32-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Conservation schemes have focused on minimising the impact of tourism on the cemetery by construction of barriers and walkways.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Limiting access by offering only guided tours and alternative activities such as boat only trips and night-time tours of Point Arthur.<sup id="cite_ref-:21_85-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:21-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the same time, funding projects have increased tourist accessibility through building new jetties at Mason Cove and Isle of the Dead and improving walkways and viewing platforms.<sup id="cite_ref-:162_126-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:162-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>PAHSMA, under its conservation aims, succeeded in having Isle of the Dead, as part of the Port Arthur Historic Site, inscribed on the <a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_Heritage_Register" title="Tasmanian Heritage Register">Tasmanian Heritage Register</a> in 1995 and <a href="/wiki/Australian_National_Heritage_List" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian National Heritage List">Australian National Heritage List</a> in 2005 for its historic and cultural significance, giving it protection under the Environment and Protection and Biodiversity and Conservation Act 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-:15_80-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> PAHSMA also succeeded in having the site listed with UNESCO as a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Property</a> on 31 July 2010 making it one of 11 <a href="/wiki/Australian_Convict_Sites" title="Australian Convict Sites">Australian Convict Sites</a> representing convictism and its development in the punishment of crime.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:132_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:132-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Port_Arthur,_Tasmania_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Port_Arthur%2C_Tasmania_-_panoramio.jpg/1074px-Port_Arthur%2C_Tasmania_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="1074" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Port_Arthur%2C_Tasmania_-_panoramio.jpg/1611px-Port_Arthur%2C_Tasmania_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Port_Arthur%2C_Tasmania_-_panoramio.jpg/2148px-Port_Arthur%2C_Tasmania_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10037" data-file-height="1478" /></a><figcaption>Panoramic view of Isle of the Dead, 2011.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Graves">Graves</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_the_Dead_(Tasmania)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Graves"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Henry_Savery_memorial_stone,_Isle_of_the_Dead,_Tasmania.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Henry_Savery_memorial_stone%2C_Isle_of_the_Dead%2C_Tasmania.jpg/170px-Henry_Savery_memorial_stone%2C_Isle_of_the_Dead%2C_Tasmania.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Henry_Savery_memorial_stone%2C_Isle_of_the_Dead%2C_Tasmania.jpg/255px-Henry_Savery_memorial_stone%2C_Isle_of_the_Dead%2C_Tasmania.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Henry_Savery_memorial_stone%2C_Isle_of_the_Dead%2C_Tasmania.jpg/340px-Henry_Savery_memorial_stone%2C_Isle_of_the_Dead%2C_Tasmania.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Henry_Savery" title="Henry Savery">Henry Savery</a> (1791–1842) Memorial Stone, Isle of the Dead</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Collins, Dennis. (? – 1833) Convict buried in 1833 aged 58. He was an English disabled pauper and retired sailor, transported for life for throwing a stone at the King. His cause of death was suicide by refusing food.<sup id="cite_ref-:17_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurn190533_131-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurn190533-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Eastman, Reverend George. (? – 25 April 1870). He was the Church of England chaplain for the Port Arthur penal colony from January 1855 to April 1870. He was known as the "good parson" and in April 1870, although unwell with a cold, visited an ill convict in an outstation. He died two days later and was interred in a raised sandstone vault on 28 April 1870.  The inscription on the vault marks his age as 51 years old and the Port Arthur burial register records his age as 50 years old. Following his death the local diocese ran an appeal for his wife and 10 children.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Savery" title="Henry Savery">Savery, Henry.</a> (1791–1842). A convict and Australia's first novelist with <i>The Hermit of Van Dieman's Land,</i> published under a pseudonym in 1829 and <i>Quintus Servinton</i> published in 1831. He was buried on Isle of the Dead in 1842.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurn190526–27_138-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurn190526–27-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A memorial plaque was placed over his grave in 1978 and in 1992 the <a href="/wiki/Fellowship_of_Australian_Writers" title="Fellowship of Australian Writers">Fellowship of Australian Writers</a> replaced the plaque with a memorial stone marking the 150th anniversary of Savery's death. The stone's inscription describes his book, crimes of forgery, imprisonment and death.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_the_Dead_(Tasmania)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Australia" title="Portal:Australia">Australia portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/28px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/42px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/56px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islands" title="Portal:Islands">Islands portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_cultural_heritage" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservation and restoration of cultural heritage">Conservation and restoration of cultural heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Tasmania" title="Protected areas of Tasmania">Protected areas of Tasmania</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_the_Dead_(Tasmania)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CTH-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CTH_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CTH_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.utas.edu.au/library/companion_to_tasmanian_history/I/Isle%20of%20the%20Dead.htm">"Isle of the Dead"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Isle+of+the+Dead&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.utas.edu.au%2Flibrary%2Fcompanion_to_tasmanian_history%2FI%2FIsle%2520of%2520the%2520Dead.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+the+Dead+%28Tasmania%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BOM-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a 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Retrieved 2020-05-05.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:242-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:242_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:242_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:242_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCatchpole2004" class="citation web cs1">Catchpole, Heather (19 August 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2004/08/19/1178596.htm">"Island Reveals Mysteries of the Dead"</a>. <i>ABC Science</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+Science&rft.atitle=Island+Reveals+Mysteries+of+the+Dead&rft.date=2004-08-19&rft.aulast=Catchpole&rft.aufirst=Heather&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fscience%2Farticles%2F2004%2F08%2F19%2F1178596.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+the+Dead+%28Tasmania%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGodden_Mackay_Logan_Pty_LtdMiddleton,_G.Jackman,_GTuffin,_R2009" class="citation book cs1">Godden Mackay Logan Pty Ltd; Middleton, G.; Jackman, G; Tuffin, R; Clark, J (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/documents/105335"><i>Port Arthur Historic Sites Management Plan 2008</i></a>. Port Arthur Historic Site Management Authority.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Port+Arthur+Historic+Sites+Management+Plan+2008&rft.pub=Port+Arthur+Historic+Site+Management+Authority&rft.date=2009&rft.au=Godden+Mackay+Logan+Pty+Ltd&rft.au=Middleton%2C+G.&rft.au=Jackman%2C+G&rft.au=Tuffin%2C+R&rft.au=Clark%2C+J&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Fdocuments%2F105335&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+the+Dead+%28Tasmania%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Godden et al., 2009, p. 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMorgan2016" class="citation book cs1">Morgan, K (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780191823534.001.0001/acref-9780191823534"><i>Port Arthur Dictionary Plus Social Sciences</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facref%2F9780191823534.001.0001">10.1093/acref/9780191823534.001.0001</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-182353-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-182353-4"><bdi>978-0-19-182353-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Port+Arthur+Dictionary+Plus+Social+Sciences&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780191823534.001.0001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-182353-4&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=K&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordreference.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780191823534.001.0001%2Facref-9780191823534&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+the+Dead+%28Tasmania%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:132-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:132_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:132_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUNESCO2010" class="citation web cs1">UNESCO (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/decisions/3995/">"Decision: 34 COM 8B.16 Cultural Properties – Australian Convict Sites (Australia)"</a>. <i>UNESCO World Heritage Centre</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&rft.atitle=Decision%3A+34+COM+8B.16+Cultural+Properties+%E2%80%93+Australian+Convict+Sites+%28Australia%29&rft.date=2010&rft.au=UNESCO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Fdecisions%2F3995%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+the+Dead+%28Tasmania%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:23-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:23_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThornPiper1996" class="citation journal cs1">Thorn, A; Piper, A (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272226838">"The isle of the Dead: an integrated approach to the management and natural protection of an archaeological site"</a>. <i>Studies in Conservation</i>. <b>41</b> (sup1): 2. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1179%2Fsic.1996.41.Supplement-1.188">10.1179/sic.1996.41.Supplement-1.188</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0039-3630">0039-3630</a> – via ResearchGate.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studies+in+Conservation&rft.atitle=The+isle+of+the+Dead%3A+an+integrated+approach+to+the+management+and+natural+protection+of+an+archaeological+site&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=sup1&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1179%2Fsic.1996.41.Supplement-1.188&rft.issn=0039-3630&rft.aulast=Thorn&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Piper%2C+A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F272226838&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+the+Dead+%28Tasmania%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:25-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:25_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:25_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTropmanGibbons1984" class="citation book cs1">Tropman, L; Gibbons, G. S (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-1382371370/view"><i>Isle of the Dead, Port Arthur: a study of the island and recommendation for conservation of the headstones and the island. Port Arthur Conservation Project</i></a>. Hobart, Tasmania: Lester Tropman and Associates, National Parks and Wildlife Service. p. 3. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/876315028">876315028</a>. nla.obj-1382371370<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Hobart, Tasmania: University of Tasmania. pp. <span class="nowrap">31–</span>33.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Death+and+Burial+at+Port+Arthur%2C+1830%E2%80%931877&rft.inst=University+of+Tasmania&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=L&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feprints.utas.edu.au%2F16257%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+the+Dead+%28Tasmania%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRoss2006" class="citation web cs1">Ross, L. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.utas.edu.au/library/companion_to_tasmanian_history/I/Isle%20of%20the%20Dead.htm">"The Isle of the Dead"</a>. <i>The Companion to Tasmanian History</i>. Centre for Historical Tasmanian Studies, University of Tasmania<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Companion+to+Tasmanian+History&rft.atitle=The+Isle+of+the+Dead&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.utas.edu.au%2Flibrary%2Fcompanion_to_tasmanian_history%2FI%2FIsle%2520of%2520the%2520Dead.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+the+Dead+%28Tasmania%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portarthur.org.au/tour/isle-of-the-dead/">"Isle of the Dead cemetery tour"</a>. <i>Port Arthur Historic Site</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Port+Arthur+Historic+Site&rft.atitle=Isle+of+the+Dead+cemetery+tour&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fportarthur.org.au%2Ftour%2Fisle-of-the-dead%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+the+Dead+%28Tasmania%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:10-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:10_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDoyleContext_Pty_LtdUrban_Initiatives_Pty_Ltd2002" class="citation book cs1">Doyle, H; Context Pty Ltd; Urban Initiatives Pty Ltd (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portarthur.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/PAHSMA-Landscape-Management-Plan.pdf"><i>Port Arthur Historic Site Landscape Management Plan Aug 2002</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Isle+of+the+Dead&rft.atitle=Isle+of+the+Dead&rft.date=2020-04-01&rft.au=Open+Street+Map&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.openstreetmap.org%2F%3Fmlat%3D-43.149167%26mlon%3D147.8675%26zoom%3D15%23map%3D15%2F-43.1492%2F147.8675&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+the+Dead+%28Tasmania%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Doyle et al 2002, p. 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Godden et al, 2009. p. 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Doyle et al., 2002, p. 22</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Godden et al, 2009, p. 19</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thorn_&_Piper,_1996,_p._4-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thorn_&_Piper,_1996,_p._4_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thorn_&_Piper,_1996,_p._4_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Thorn & Piper, 1996, p. 4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLord1990" class="citation book cs1">Lord, R (1990). <i>The Isle of the Dead, Port Arthur: inscriptions from the cemetery of the Port Arthur penal establishment 1830–1877</i>. 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Missionary Series No. 652. London UK: John Mason. p. 4<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TROVE+National+Library+of+Australia.&rft.atitle=The+Isle+of+the+Dead+or+the+burial-place+at+Port+Arthur%2C+Van-Diemen%27s+Land&rft.pages=4&rft.date=1845&rft.aulast=Manton&rft.aufirst=J&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.obj-83567059&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+the+Dead+%28Tasmania%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:12_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPretyman" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Pretyman, E. 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The Sea Level at Port Arthur, Tasmania, from 1841 to the Present. <i>Geophysical Research Letters</i>, <i>30</i>(7). pp. 54, 1–4, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1029%2F2002GL016813">10.1029/2002GL016813</a>. Retrieved 2020-04-09 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228535042_The_Sea_Level_at_Port_Arthur_Tasmania_from_1841_to_the_Present">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228535042_The_Sea_Level_at_Port_Arthur_Tasmania_from_1841_to_the_Present</a></li> <li>Isle of the Dead, Port Arthur (1909). [Photographic Postcard Series]. Joseph Lebovic Gallery Collection No.1. Sydney, NSW: National Museum of Australia. Retrieved 2020-04-09 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://collectionsearch.nma.gov.au/ce/isle%20of%20the%20dead?object=210917">[http://collectionsearch.nma.gov.au/ce/isle%20of%20the%20dead?object=210917 http://collectionsearch.nma.gov.au/ce/isle%20of%20the%20dead?object=210917]</a></li> <li>Jeffrey, M. Burke, J. (1900). <i>A Burglar's Life, or, The Stirring Adventures of the Great English Burglar Mark Jeffrey: A thrilling history of the dark days of convictism in Australia.</i> Tales of the Early Days. Hobart, Tasmania: J. Walch & Sons. State Library Victoria digital library. Retrieved 2020-04-26 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://handle.slv.vic.gov.au/10381/183230">http://handle.slv.vic.gov.au/10381/183230</a></li> <li>Jones, J. K. (2016). <i>Historical Archaeology of Touri8sm at Port Arthur, Tasmania, 1885–1960</i>. Unpublished PhD. Thesis, Simon Fraser University, British Columbia, Canada. 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Using Geophysics to Locate Burials and other Cultural Features, Isle of the Dead, Port Arthur, Tasmania. <i>Australian Society of Exploration Geophysicists Extended Abstracts, (1),</i>1–5, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1071%2FASEG2004ab089">10.1071/ASEG2004ab089</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:2202-0586">2202-0586</a> Retrieved 2020-04-09 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1071/ASEG2004ab089?needAccess=true">https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1071/ASEG2004ab089?needAccess=true</a></li> <li>Lord, R. 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Retrieved 2020-04-09 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-83567059/view?partId=nla.obj-83567403">https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-83567059/view?partId=nla.obj-83567403</a></li> <li>Maxwell-Stewart, H. (2006). Convicts. The Companion to Tasmanian History. (1st ed.) <i>Centre for Tasmanian Historical Studies</i>. Hobart, Tasmania: University of Tasmania. (Vol1. Retrieved 2020-04-09 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.utas.edu.au/library/companion_to_tasmanian_history/C/Convicts.htm2">https://www.utas.edu.au/library/companion_to_tasmanian_history/C/Convicts.htm2</a></li> <li>Morgan, K. (2016). <i>Port Arthur</i>. Dictionary Plus Social Sciences. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2020-04-22 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780191823534.001.0001/acref-9780191823534">https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780191823534.001.0001/acref-9780191823534</a></li> <li>Mr. Alfred Mawle. (1940-09-05). <i>The Hobart</i> <i>Mercury</i>. Hobart, Tasmania, p. 5. TROVE National Library of Australia. Retrieved 2020-04-10. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/25823110/1855595">https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/25823110/1855595</a></li> <li>Port Arthur Dead Island. (1872-03-16). <i>The Tasmanian Newspaper</i>. Launceston, Tasmania, p 6. TROVE National Library of Australia. Retrieved 2020-04-09 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/201349281">https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/201349281</a></li> <li>PAHSMA (2020) Isle of the Dead Cemetery Tour. Retrieved 2020-04-28 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portarthur.org.au/tour/isle-of-the-dead/">Isle of the Dead cemetery tour</a></li> <li>PAHSMA (2017) Port Arthur People: Reverend George Eastman. Retrieved 2020-04-28 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portarthur.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/People-of-the-Port-Arthur-Convict-ra1.pdf">https://portarthur.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/People-of-the-Port-Arthur-Convict-ra1.pdf</a></li> <li>PAHSMA (2020) Conservation Projects and Programs. Isle of the Dead Monuments and Walkways. Retrieved 2020-04-28 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portarthur.org.au/heritage-management/conservation-projects-programs/">[https://portarthur.org.au/heritage-management/conservation-projects-programs/ https://portarthur.org.au/heritage-management/conservation-projects-programs/]</a></li> <li>Pugh, D. Hunter, J. Coleman, R. Watson, C. (2002). A Comparison of Historical and Recent Sea Level Measurements at Port Arthur, Tasmania. <i>International Hydrographic Review. 3(3),</i> 13. Retrieved 2020-04-11 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/255597658_A_comparison_of_historical_and_recent_sea_level_measurements_at_Port_Arthur_Tasmania">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/255597658_A_comparison_of_historical_and_recent_sea_level_measurements_at_Port_Arthur_Tasmania</a></li> <li>Roe, M. (2006). For the Term of his Natural Life in Film. <i>The Companion to Tasmanian History</i>. Centre for Tasmanian Historical Studies. Hobart. Tas. Retrieved 2020-04-09 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.utas.edu.au/library/companion_to_tasmanian_history/F/For%20the%20term%20of%20his%20natural%20life%20on%20film.htm">https://www.utas.edu.au/library/companion_to_tasmanian_history/F/For%20the%20term%20of%20his%20natural%20life%20on%20film.htm</a></li> <li>Roe, M. (2006). Henry Savery. <i>The Companion to Tasmanian History</i>. Centre for Tasmanian Historical Studies. Hobart. Tas. Retrieved 2020-04-09 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.utas.edu.au/library/companion_to_tasmanian_history/S/Savery.htm">https://www.utas.edu.au/library/companion_to_tasmanian_history/S/Savery.htm</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRoss1847" class="citation book cs1">Ross, J. C. (1847). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/936174"><i>A Voyage of Discovery and Research in the Southern and Antarctic Regions, During the Years 1839–43</i></a>. Vol. 2. London: John Murray. pp. <span class="nowrap">22–</span>32.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Voyage+of+Discovery+and+Research+in+the+Southern+and+Antarctic+Regions%2C+During+the+Years+1839%E2%80%9343&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E22-%3C%2Fspan%3E32&rft.pub=John+Murray&rft.date=1847&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=J.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrove.nla.gov.au%2Fwork%2F936174&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+the+Dead+%28Tasmania%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Ross, L. (2006). Isle of the Dead. Companion to Tasmanian History. (1st ed.) <i>Centre for Historical Tasmanian Studies.</i> Hobart, Tasmania: University of Tasmania. (Vol.1). 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History of the Tasman Peninsula. Nubeena, Tasmania. Service Tasmania. Retrieved 2020-04-09 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tasman.tas.gov.au/tourism/local-history/">https://www.tasman.tas.gov.au/tourism/local-history/</a></li> <li>Tasmanian Nomenclature (1911-09-23). The Place Names of the Island, a Record of Origins and Dates. <i>The</i> <i>Hobart Mercury</i>. (XI) p. 11. TROVE National Library of Australia. Retrieved 2020-04-09 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.new-article10115196">http://nla.gov.au/nla.new-article10115196</a></li> <li>The Digital Panopticon (2020) Mark Jeffery b. 1825, Life Archive ID obpdef1-1358-18490611 <i>Digital Humanities Institute</i>. Universities of Liverpool, Oxford, Sheffield, Sussex and Tasmania. Digital Humanities Institute. Version 1.2.1, retrieved 2020-4-26 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.digitalpanopticon.org/life?id=obpdef1-1358-18490611">https://www.digitalpanopticon.org/life?id=obpdef1-1358-18490611</a></li> <li>The Late Rev. George Eastman. (1870-05-02). <i>The Hobart Mercury,</i> p. 3. TROVE National Library of Australia. Retrieved 2020-04-09. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/8863889">https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/8863889</a></li> <li>Thorn, A. Piper, A. (1996). The Isle of the Dead: an Integrated Approach to the Management and Natural Protection of an Archaeological Site. <i>Studies in Conservation. 41(sup1),</i> 188–192. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1179%2Fsic.1996.41">10.1179/sic.1996.41</a>. p. 188. Retrieved 2020-04-22 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272226838_The_isle_of_the_Dead_an_integrated_approach_to_the_management_and_natural_protection_of_an_archaeological_site">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272226838_The_isle_of_the_Dead_an_integrated_approach_to_the_management_and_natural_protection_of_an_archaeological_site</a></li> <li>Trollope, A. (2013). Australia and New Zealand (Cambridge Library Collection – History of Oceania). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015010728460&view=1up&seq=13">https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015010728460&view=1up&seq=13</a></li> <li>Tropman, L. Gibbons, G. S. (1984). <i>Isle of the Dead, Port Arthur: a study of the island and recommendation for conservation of the headstones and the island.</i> <i>Port Arthur Conservation Project.</i>Hobart, Tasmania, National Parks and Wildlife Service. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/876315028">876315028</a>. TROVE National Library of Australia. Retrieved 2020-04-07 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-1382371370/view">https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-1382371370/view</a></li> <li>UNESCO. (2010). Decision: 34 COM 8B.16. Cultural Properties – Australian Convict Sites (Australia). <i>UNESCO World Heritage Centre</i>. Retrieved 2020-04-09. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/decisions/3995/">https://whc.unesco.org/en/decisions/3995/</a></li> <li>University of Tasmania (1999) Henry Savery, Quintus Servinton. Online Library Exhibition. Retrieved 2020-4-29.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.utas.edu.au/library/exhibitions/quintus/index.html">https://www.utas.edu.au/library/exhibitions/quintus/index.html</a></li> <li>Vandalism at Dead Island (1913-11-18). <i>The Hobart Mercury.</i> Hobart, Tasmania. TROVE National Library of Australia. Retrieved 2020-04-09 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/10307371">https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/10307371</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWeidenhofer1990" class="citation book cs1">Weidenhofer, Maggie (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/5748485"><i>Port Arthur: A Place of Misery</i></a> (2nd ed.). Port Arthur, Tasmania: B&M Reid and Port Arthur Historic Site Management Authority. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-646-00003-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-646-00003-9"><bdi>978-0-646-00003-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Port+Arthur%3A+A+Place+of+Misery&rft.place=Port+Arthur%2C+Tasmania&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=B%26M+Reid+and+Port+Arthur+Historic+Site+Management+Authority&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-646-00003-9&rft.aulast=Weidenhofer&rft.aufirst=Maggie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrove.nla.gov.au%2Fwork%2F5748485&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsle+of+the+Dead+%28Tasmania%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Xerri, D. (2018). Dark and Literary: a Tour to the Isle of the Dead. Journal of Language and Cultural Education (6)2, 126–143. University of Malta, Malta. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2478%2Fjolace-2018-0020">10.2478/jolace-2018-0020</a> Retrieved 2020-05-05 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329520739_Dark_and_literary_A_tour_to_the_Isle_of_the_Dead">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329520739_Dark_and_literary_A_tour_to_the_Isle_of_the_Dead</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_the_Dead_(Tasmania)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Convictism">Convictism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_the_Dead_(Tasmania)&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Convictism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Clarke, M. (1874) <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=For_the_Term_of_His_Natural_Life&oldid=7400523"><i>For the Term of His Natural Life</i></a></li> <li>Howard, R. (2011). <i>A Forger's Tale: The Extraordinary Story of Henry Savery, Australia's First Novelist</i>, Melbourne, Australia: Arcade Publications. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9871714-8-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9871714-8-1">978-0-9871714-8-1</a></li> <li>Savery, H. (1830). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.utas.edu.au/library/exhibitions/quintus/documents/quintus_bookman.pdf"><i>Quintus Servinton</i></a></li> <li>Savery, H. (1829).<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-115925908/view?partId=nla.obj-115958970#page/n23/mode/1up"><i>The Hermit in Van Diemen's Land</i></a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sea_level_benchmark_2">Sea level benchmark</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_the_Dead_(Tasmania)&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Sea level benchmark"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Ellis, W. F. (1967). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A020092b.htm">Lempriere, Thomas James (1796–1852), public official, author and artist</a></i></li> <li>Parker, A. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/276082797_The_Isle_of_The_Dead_Benchmark_the_Sydney_Fort_Denison_Tide_Gauge_and_the_Ipcc_Ar5_Chapter_13_Sea_Levels_Revisited">The Isle of the Dead Benchmark, the Sydney Fort Denison Tide Gauge and the IPCC AR5</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_the_Dead_(Tasmania)&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Port_Arthur,_Tasmania" class="extiw" title="commons:Port Arthur, Tasmania"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Port Arthur, Tasmania</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Port_Arthur_(Tasmania)#Q21943458" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Port Arthur (Tasmania)">Port Arthur, Tasmania</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cemetery">Cemetery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_the_Dead_(Tasmania)&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Cemetery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.findagrave.com/cemetery/2434352">Isle of the Dead</a> at <a href="/wiki/Find_a_Grave" title="Find a Grave">Find a Grave</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21943458#P2025" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eheritage.libraries.tas.gov.au/">Isle of the Dead gravestone inscriptions</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portarthur.org.au/tour/isle-of-the-dead/">Port Arthur Historic Site, Isle of the Dead Tour</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_images">Early images</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_the_Dead_(Tasmania)&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Early images"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.utas.edu.au/library/exhibitions/quintus/index.html">Henry Savery, Australia's first novelist. University of Tasmania, Library Exhibition</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stors.tas.gov.au/AUTAS0016125425538">Postcards of Isle of the Dead from 1870–1920</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stors.tas.gov.au/144584927">Watercolour of Isle of the Dead</a> (c. 1868) painted by <a href="/wiki/Ebenezer_Wake_Cook" title="Ebenezer Wake Cook">Ebenezer Wake Cook</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Island_(Tasmania)" title="Curtis Island (Tasmania)">Curtis Group</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cone_Islet" title="Cone Islet">Cone</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Island_(Tasmania)" title="Curtis Island (Tasmania)">Curtis</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Devils_Tower_(Tasmania)" title="Devils Tower (Tasmania)">Devils Tower</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sugarloaf_Rock_(Curtis_Group)" title="Sugarloaf Rock (Curtis Group)">Sugarloaf Rock</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Furneaux_Group" title="Furneaux Group">Furneaux Group</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anderson_Island_(Tasmania)" title="Anderson Island (Tasmania)">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babel_Island" title="Babel Island">Babel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badger_Island" title="Badger Island">Badger</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bass_Pyramid" title="Bass Pyramid">Bass</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battery_Island" title="Battery Island">Battery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beagle_Island" title="Beagle Island">Beagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Green_Island" title="Big Green Island">Big Green</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Big_Black_Reef" title="Big Black Reef">Big Black</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Billy_Goat_Reefs" title="Billy Goat Reefs">Billy Goat</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird_Island_(Prime_Seal_Group)" title="Bird Island (Prime Seal Group)">Bird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxen_Island" title="Boxen Island">Boxen</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Briggs_Islet" title="Briggs Islet">Briggs</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Barren_Island" title="Cape Barren Island">Cape Barren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_Island_(Tasmania)" title="Cat Island (Tasmania)">Cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalky_Island_(Tasmania)" title="Chalky Island (Tasmania)">Chalky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarke_Island_(Tasmania)" title="Clarke Island (Tasmania)">Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craggy_Island_(Tasmania)" title="Craggy Island (Tasmania)">Craggy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doughboy_Island_(Tasmania)" title="Doughboy Island (Tasmania)">Doughboy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Kangaroo_Island" title="East Kangaroo Island">East Kangaroo</a></li> <li><i>Fifty Foot</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisher_Island_(Tasmania)" title="Fisher Island (Tasmania)">Fisher</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Flinders_Island" title="Flinders Island">Flinders</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forsyth_Island" title="Forsyth Island">Forsyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goose_Island_(Tasmania)" title="Goose Island (Tasmania)">Goose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Dog_Island_(Tasmania)" title="Great Dog Island (Tasmania)">Great Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gull_Island_(Tasmania)" title="Gull Island (Tasmania)">Gull</a></li> <li><i>GVH</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Little_Goose_Island" title="Inner Little Goose Island">Inner Little Goose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Sister_Island" title="Inner Sister Island">Inner Sister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_Island" title="Isabella Island">Isabella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Key_Island" title="Key Island">Key</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Barron_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Lady Barron Island">Lady Barron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Island_(Tasmania)" title="Little Island (Tasmania)">Little</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Anderson_Island" title="Little Anderson Island">Little Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Badger_Island" title="Little Badger Island">Little Badger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Chalky_Island" title="Little Chalky Island">Little Chalky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Dog_Island" title="Little Dog Island">Little Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Goose_Island" title="Little Goose Island">Little Goose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Green_Island" title="Little Green Island">Little Green</a></li> <li>Little Spike</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Island_(Tasmania)" title="Long Island (Tasmania)">Long</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Low_Islets_(Tasmania)" title="Low Islets (Tasmania)">Low</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Low_Islets_(Prime_Seal_Group)" title="Low Islets (Prime Seal Group)">Low (Prime Seal)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marriott_Reef" title="Marriott Reef">Marriott</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Pasco_Islands" title="Middle Pasco Islands">Middle Pasco</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mid_Woody_Islet" title="Mid Woody Islet">Mid Woody</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mile_Island" title="Mile Island">Mile</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moriarty_Rocks" title="Moriarty Rocks">Moriarty</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Chappell_Island" title="Mount Chappell Island">Mount Chappell</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neds_Reef" title="Neds Reef">Neds</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_Island_(Tasmania)" title="Night Island (Tasmania)">Night</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Pasco_Island" title="North Pasco Island">North Pasco</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/North_West_Mount_Chappell_Islet" title="North West Mount Chappell Islet">North West Mount Chappell</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outer_Sister_Island" title="Outer Sister Island">Outer Sister</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oyster_Rocks" title="Oyster Rocks">Oyster</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passage_Island_(Tasmania)" title="Passage Island (Tasmania)">Passage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelican_Island_(Tasmania)" title="Pelican Island (Tasmania)">Pelican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preservation_Island" title="Preservation Island">Preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Seal_Island" title="Prime Seal Island">Prime Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puncheon_Island" title="Puncheon Island">Puncheon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roydon_Island" title="Roydon Island">Roydon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum_Island_(Tasmania)" title="Rum Island (Tasmania)">Rum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samphire_Island" title="Samphire Island">Samphire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentinel_Island_(Tasmania)" title="Sentinel Island (Tasmania)">Sentinel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Pasco_Island" title="South Pasco Island">South Pasco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spike_Island_(Tasmania)" title="Spike Island (Tasmania)">Spike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storehouse_Island" title="Storehouse Island">Storehouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tin_Kettle_Island" title="Tin Kettle Island">Tin Kettle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vansittart_Island_(Tasmania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vansittart Island (Tasmania)">Vansittart</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wright_Rock" title="Wright Rock">Wright</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wybalenna_Island" title="Wybalenna Island">Wybalenna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hogan_Group" title="Hogan Group">Hogan Group</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Southern <i><a href="/wiki/Boundary_Islet" title="Boundary Islet">Boundary</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Island_(Tasmania)" title="East Island (Tasmania)">East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hogan_Island" title="Hogan Island">Hogan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Long_Islet_(Tasmania)" title="Long Islet (Tasmania)">Long</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Round_Islet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Round Islet (page does not exist)">Round</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seal_Rock_(Tasmania)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seal Rock (Tasmania) (page does not exist)">Seal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Twin_Islets" title="Twin Islets">Twin</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hunter_Island_(Tasmania)" title="Hunter Island (Tasmania)">Hunter Group</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albatross_Island_(Tasmania)" title="Albatross Island (Tasmania)">Albatross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_Island_(Tasmania)" title="Hunter Island (Tasmania)">Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Hummock_Island" title="Three Hummock Island">Three Hummock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kent_Group" title="Kent Group">Kent Group</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deal_Island_(Tasmania)" title="Deal Island (Tasmania)">Deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dover_Island_(Tasmania)" title="Dover Island (Tasmania)">Dover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erith_Island" title="Erith Island">Erith</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Judgement_Rocks" title="Judgement Rocks">Judgement</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/North_East_Isle" title="North East Isle">North East</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/South_West_Isle_(Tasmania)" title="South West Isle (Tasmania)">South West</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_Year_Island_(Tasmania)" title="New Year Island (Tasmania)">New Year Group</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island_(Tasmania)" title="Christmas Island (Tasmania)">Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Councillor_Island" title="Councillor Island">Councillor</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/King_Island_(Tasmania)" title="King Island (Tasmania)">King</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Year_Island_(Tasmania)" title="New Year Island (Tasmania)">New Year</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rodondo Group</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rodondo_Island" title="Rodondo Island">Rodondo Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Moncoeur_Island" title="East Moncoeur Island">East Moncoeur Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Moncoeur_Island" title="West Moncoeur Island">West Moncoeur Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Waterhouse_Island_(Tasmania)" title="Waterhouse Island (Tasmania)">Waterhouse Group</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baynes_Island" title="Baynes Island">Baynes</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bird_Rock_(Tasmania)" title="Bird Rock (Tasmania)">Bird</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cygnet_Island" title="Cygnet Island">Cygnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foster_Islands_(Tasmania)" title="Foster Islands (Tasmania)">Foster</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/George_Rocks" title="George Rocks">George</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Swan_Island" title="Little Swan Island">Little Swan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Waterhouse_Island" title="Little Waterhouse Island">Little Waterhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maclean_Island" title="Maclean Island">Maclean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninth_Island" title="Ninth Island">Ninth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paddys_Island" title="Paddys Island">Paddys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Helens_Island" title="St Helens Island">St Helens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swan_Island_(Tasmania)" title="Swan Island (Tasmania)">Swan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenth_Island" title="Tenth Island">Tenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterhouse_Island_(Tasmania)" title="Waterhouse Island (Tasmania)">Waterhouse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ungrouped</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garden_Island_(Tamar_River)" title="Garden Island (Tamar River)">Garden Island (Tamar River)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goat_Island_(Tasmania)" title="Goat Island (Tasmania)">Goat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robbins_Island_(Tasmania)" title="Robbins Island (Tasmania)">Robbins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Sisters_Island_(Tasmania)" title="Three Sisters Island (Tasmania)">Three Sisters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walker_Island_(Northern_Tasmania)" title="Walker Island (Northern Tasmania)">Walker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Islands_located_in_the_Southern_Ocean339" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Islands located in the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Ocean" title="Southern Ocean">Southern Ocean</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="ungrouped9" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ungrouped</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Big_Caroline_Rock" title="Big Caroline Rock">Big Caroline</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breaksea_Islands_(Tasmania)" title="Breaksea Islands (Tasmania)">Breaksea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_Island_(Tasmania)" title="Chicken Island (Tasmania)">Chicken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Coffee_Pot_(Tasmania)" title="The Coffee Pot (Tasmania)">Coffee Pot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Witt_Island" title="De Witt Island">De Witt</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/East_Pyramids" title="East Pyramids">East</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddystone_(Tasmania)" title="Eddystone (Tasmania)">Eddystone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fitzroy_Islands_(Tasmania)" title="Fitzroy Islands (Tasmania)">Fitzroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_Top_Island" title="Flat Top Island">Flat Top</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_Witch_Island" title="Flat Witch Island">Flat Witch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hay_Island_(Tasmania)" title="Hay Island (Tasmania)">Hay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hen_Island_(Tasmania)" title="Hen Island (Tasmania)">Hen</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hibbs_Pyramid" title="Hibbs Pyramid">Hibbs</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobbs_Island_(Tasmania)" title="Hobbs Island (Tasmania)">Hobbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ile_du_Golfe" title="Ile du Golfe">Ile du Golfe</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Inner_Rocks" title="Inner Rocks">Inner</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Island" title="Kathleen Island">Kathleen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisa_Island_(Tasmania)" title="Louisa Island (Tasmania)">Louisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lourah_Island" title="Lourah Island">Lourah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maatsuyker_Island" title="Maatsuyker Island">Maatsuyker</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mavourneen_Rocks" title="Mavourneen Rocks">Mavourneen</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mewstone" title="Mewstone">Mewstone</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munday_Island" title="Munday Island">Munday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutton_Bird_Island" title="Mutton Bird Island">Mutton Bird</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/South_East_Mutton_Bird_Islet" title="South East Mutton Bird Islet">Mutton Bird (southeast)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/South_West_Mutton_Bird_Islet" title="South West Mutton Bird Islet">Mutton Bird (southwest)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Needle_Rocks" title="Needle Rocks">Needles</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_Top_Island" title="Round Top Island">Round Top</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanks_Islands" title="Shanks Islands">Shanks</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sidmouth_Rock" title="Sidmouth Rock">Sidmouth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sugarloaf_Rock_(Mutton_Bird_Group)" title="Sugarloaf Rock (Mutton Bird Group)">Sugarloaf</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugarmouse_Island" title="Sugarmouse Island">Sugarmouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swainson_Island" title="Swainson Island">Swainson</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trumpeter_Islets" title="Trumpeter Islets">Trumpeter</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walker_Island_(Southern_Tasmania)" title="Walker Island (Southern Tasmania)">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendar_Island" title="Wendar Island">Wendar</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Western_Rocks_(Tasmania)" title="Western Rocks (Tasmania)">Western</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/West_Pyramid" title="West Pyramid">West</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wild_Wind_Islets" title="Wild Wind Islets">Wild Wind</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Islands_located_in_the_Tasman_Sea339" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Islands located in the <a href="/wiki/Tasman_Sea" title="Tasman Sea">Tasman Sea</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Partridge_Island_(Tasmania)" title="Partridge Island (Tasmania)">Partridge Group</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arch_Rock_(Tasmania)" title="Arch Rock (Tasmania)">Arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charity_Island_(Tasmania)" title="Charity Island (Tasmania)">Charity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith_Island" title="Faith Island">Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hope_Island_(Tasmania)" title="Hope Island (Tasmania)">Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partridge_Island_(Tasmania)" title="Partridge Island (Tasmania)">Partridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sloping_Island_Group" title="Sloping Island Group">Sloping Group</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barren_Island_(Tasmania)" title="Barren Island (Tasmania)">Barren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulham_Island" title="Fulham Island">Fulham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hog_Island_(Tasmania)" title="Hog Island (Tasmania)">Hog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_George_Island_(Tasmania)" title="King George Island (Tasmania)">King George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Spectacle_Island" title="Little Spectacle Island">Little Spectacle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sloping_Island" title="Sloping Island">Sloping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smooth_Island_(Tasmania)" title="Smooth Island (Tasmania)">Smooth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectacle_Island_(Tasmania)" title="Spectacle Island (Tasmania)">Spectacle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visscher_Island" title="Visscher Island">Visscher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Island_(Tasmania)" title="Woody Island (Tasmania)">Woody</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tasman_Island_Group" title="Tasman Island Group">Tasman Group</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dart_Island" title="Dart Island">Dart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lanterns" title="The Lanterns">The Lanterns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasman_Island" title="Tasman Island">Tasman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedge_Island_(Tasmania)" title="Wedge Island (Tasmania)">Wedge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ungrouped</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Actaeon_Island" title="Actaeon Island">Actaeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boomer_Island_(Tasmania)" title="Boomer Island (Tasmania)">Boomer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruny_Island" title="Bruny Island">Bruny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ile_des_Phoques" title="Ile des Phoques">des Phoques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ile_du_Nord" title="Ile du Nord">du Nord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddystone_(Tasmania)" title="Eddystone (Tasmania)">Eddystone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_Islands" title="Egg Islands">Egg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Friars_(Tasmania)" title="The Friars (Tasmania)">Friars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_Island_(Huon_River)" title="Garden Island (Huon River)">Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_Island_(Tasmania)" title="Governor Island (Tasmania)">Governor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Island_(Tasmania)" title="Green Island (Tasmania)">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Images_(Tasmania)" title="The Images (Tasmania)">Images</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachlan_Island" title="Lachlan Island">Lachlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Island" title="Maria Island">Maria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Nuggets" title="The Nuggets">Nuggets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedra_Branca_(Tasmania)" title="Pedra Branca (Tasmania)">Pedra Branca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picnic_Island" title="Picnic Island">Picnic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_Island_(Tasmania)" title="Satellite Island (Tasmania)">Satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schouten_Island" title="Schouten Island">Schouten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Islands_located_in_the_South_West_Pacific_Ocean339" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Islands located in the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">South West Pacific Ocean</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bishop_and_Clerk_Islets" title="Bishop and Clerk Islets">Bishop and Clerk</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Judge_and_Clerk_Islets" title="Judge and Clerk Islets">Judge and Clerk</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macquarie_Island" title="Macquarie Island">Macquarie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Islands_of_Tasmania" title="Category:Islands of Tasmania">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Islands_of_Tasmania" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Islands of Tasmania">Commons</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_Heritage_Sites_in_Australia279" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Australia" title="Template:World Heritage Sites in Australia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Australia" title="Template talk:World Heritage Sites in Australia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Australia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World Heritage Sites in Australia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_Heritage_Sites_in_Australia279" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Australia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Australia">World Heritage Sites in Australia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New South Wales</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Convict_Sites" title="Australian Convict Sites">Australian Convict Sites</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondwana_Rainforests" title="Gondwana Rainforests">Gondwana Rainforests</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Blue_Mountains_Area" title="Greater Blue Mountains Area">Blue Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Howe_Island" title="Lord Howe Island">Lord Howe Island Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Opera_House" title="Sydney Opera House">Sydney Opera House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willandra_Lakes_Region" title="Willandra Lakes Region">Willandra Lakes Region</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern Territory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kakadu_National_Park" title="Kakadu National Park">Kakadu National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulu%E1%B9%9Fu-Kata_Tju%E1%B9%AFa_National_Park" title="Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park">Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Queensland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><span class="nobold">Australian fossil mammal sites<sup><small>1</small></sup></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Australian_Fossil_Mammal_Sites_(Riversleigh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Fossil Mammal Sites (Riversleigh)">Riversleigh</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/K%27gari" title="K'gari">K'gari</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gondwana_Rainforests" title="Gondwana Rainforests">Gondwana Rainforests</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Great_Barrier_Reef" title="Great Barrier Reef">Great Barrier Reef</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wet_Tropics_of_Queensland" title="Wet Tropics of Queensland">Wet Tropics of Queensland</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South Australia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><span class="nobold">Australian fossil mammal sites<sup><small>1</small></sup></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Naracoorte_Caves_National_Park" title="Naracoorte Caves National Park">Naracoorte</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tasmania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Convict_Sites" title="Australian Convict Sites">Australian Convict Sites</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macquarie_Island" title="Macquarie Island">Macquarie Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_Wilderness_World_Heritage_Area" title="Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area">Tasmanian Wilderness</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Victoria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Exhibition_Building" title="Royal Exhibition Building">Royal Exhibition Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlton_Gardens" title="Carlton Gardens">Carlton Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budj_Bim" title="Budj Bim">Budj Bim Cultural Landscape</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western Australia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Convict_Sites" title="Australian Convict Sites">Australian Convict Sites</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningaloo_Reef" class="mw-redirect" title="Ningaloo Reef">Ningaloo Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purnululu_National_Park" title="Purnululu National Park">Purnululu National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shark_Bay" title="Shark Bay">Shark Bay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">External territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>(Norfolk Island) <a href="/wiki/Australian_Convict_Sites" title="Australian Convict Sites">Australian Convict Sites</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heard_Island_and_McDonald_Islands" title="Heard Island and McDonald Islands">Heard Island and McDonald Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>1</sup> Shared with other <a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Australia" title="States and territories of Australia">states/territories</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Convicts_in_Australia677" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Convicts_in_Australia" title="Template:Convicts in Australia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Convicts_in_Australia" title="Template talk:Convicts in Australia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Convicts_in_Australia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Convicts in Australia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Convicts_in_Australia677" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Convicts_in_Australia" title="Convicts in Australia">Convicts in Australia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Convict_assignment" title="Convict assignment">Assignment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia_Day" title="Australia Day">Australia Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emancipist" title="Emancipist">Emancipation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_factory" title="Female factory">Female factories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Certificate_of_freedom" title="Certificate of freedom">Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Australia" title="History of Australia">History of Australia</a> (<a href="/wiki/History_of_Australia_(1788%E2%80%931850)" title="History of Australia (1788–1850)">1788–1850</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Holland_(Australia)" title="New Holland (Australia)">New Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convict_women_in_Australia" title="Convict women in Australia">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_penal_colonies" title="List of Australian penal colonies">Penal colonies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cockatoo_Island" title="Cockatoo Island">Cockatoo Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosehill,_New_South_Wales" title="Rosehill, New South Wales">Rosehill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Cove" title="Sydney Cove">Sydney Cove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moreton_Bay" title="Moreton Bay">Moreton Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redcliffe,_Queensland" title="Redcliffe, Queensland">Redcliffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Island" title="Maria Island">Maria Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Arthur,_Tasmania" title="Port Arthur, Tasmania">Port Arthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Tasmania" title="Richmond, Tasmania">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risdon_Cove" title="Risdon Cove">Risdon Cove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macquarie_Harbour_Penal_Station" title="Macquarie Harbour Penal Station">Macquarie Harbour</a> (<a href="/wiki/Convicts_on_the_West_Coast_of_Tasmania" title="Convicts on the West Coast of Tasmania">History</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island" title="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a> (<a href="/wiki/History_of_Norfolk_Island" title="History of Norfolk Island">History</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saltwater_River,_Tasmania" title="Saltwater River, Tasmania">Saltwater River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sullivans_Cove" title="Sullivans Cove">Sullivans Cove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convict_era_of_Western_Australia" title="Convict era of Western Australia">Western Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Fleet" title="First Fleet">First Fleet</a> (1788)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Fleet_(Australia)" title="Second Fleet (Australia)">Second Fleet</a> (1789)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Fleet_(Australia)" title="Third Fleet (Australia)">Third Fleet</a> (1791)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Shore_(1794_ship)#Mutiny" title="Lady Shore (1794 ship)"><i>Lady Shore</i> mutiny</a> (1797)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Hill_convict_rebellion" title="Castle Hill convict rebellion">Castle Hill Rebellion</a> (1804)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum_Rebellion" title="Rum Rebellion">Rum Rebellion</a> (1808)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emu_(1812_ship)" title="Emu (1812 ship)">Capture of the brig <i>Emu</i></a> (1813)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argo_(1806_Chittagong_ship)" title="Argo (1806 Chittagong ship)"><i>Argo</i> disappearance</a> (1814)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island_convict_mutinies" title="Norfolk Island convict mutinies">Norfolk Island mutinies</a> (1826–1846)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_mutiny" title="Cyprus mutiny"><i>Cyprus</i> mutiny</a> (1829)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathurst_Rebellion" title="Bathurst Rebellion">Bathurst Rebellion</a> (1830)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badger_escape" title="Badger escape"><i>Badger</i> escape</a> (1833)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_escape" title="Frederick escape"><i>Frederick</i> escape</a> (1834)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_III_(ship)" title="George III (ship)">Wreck of the <i>George III</i></a> (1835)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hive_shipwreck" title="Hive shipwreck">Wreck of the <i>Hive</i></a> (1835)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neva_(1813_ship)" title="Neva (1813 ship)">Wreck of the <i>Neva</i></a> (1835)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooking_Pot_Uprising" title="Cooking Pot Uprising">Cooking Pot Uprising</a> (1846)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalpa_rescue" title="Catalpa rescue">Catalpa rescue</a> (1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australasian_Anti-Transportation_League" title="Australasian Anti-Transportation League">Anti-Transportation League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Convict_ship" title="Convict ship">Convict ships</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Fleet" title="First Fleet">First Fleet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Fleet_(Australia)" title="Second Fleet (Australia)">Second Fleet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Fleet_(Australia)" title="Third Fleet (Australia)">Third Fleet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convict_ships_to_New_South_Wales" title="Convict ships to New South Wales">New South Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convict_ships_to_Norfolk_Island" title="Convict ships to Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convict_ships_to_Tasmania" title="Convict ships to Tasmania">Tasmania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_convict_ship_voyages_to_Western_Australia" title="List of convict ship voyages to Western Australia">Western Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Governors_of_the_Australian_states" title="Governors of the Australian states">Governors</a> and<br />commandants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sir_George_Arthur,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir George Arthur, 1st Baronet">Arthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bligh" title="William Bligh">Bligh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bourke" title="Richard Bourke">Bourke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Brisbane" title="Thomas Brisbane">Brisbane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Collins_(lieutenant_governor)" title="David Collins (lieutenant governor)">Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Darling" title="Ralph Darling">Darling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Davey_(governor)" title="Thomas Davey (governor)">Davey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Denison" title="William Denison">Denison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Eardley-Wilmot,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir John Eardley-Wilmot, 1st Baronet">Eardley-Wilmot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Franklin" title="John Franklin">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Gipps" title="George Gipps">Gipps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hunter_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="John Hunter (Royal Navy officer)">Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Johnston_(British_Marines_officer)" class="mw-redirect" title="George Johnston (British Marines officer)">Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Gidley_King" title="Philip Gidley King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Logan" title="Patrick Logan">Logan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachlan_Macquarie" title="Lachlan Macquarie">Macquarie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Paterson_(explorer)" title="William Paterson (explorer)">Paterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Phillip" title="Arthur Phillip">Phillip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Sorell" title="William Sorell">Sorell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_convicts_transported_to_Australia" title="List of convicts transported to Australia">Notable convicts</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">and personnel</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Surgeons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Bland" title="William Bland">William Bland</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Bowes_Smyth" title="Arthur Bowes Smyth">Arthur Bowes Smyth</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Redfern" title="William Redfern">William Redfern</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/D%27Arcy_Wentworth" title="D'Arcy Wentworth">D'Arcy Wentworth</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Entrepreneurs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enoch_Barratt" title="Enoch Barratt">Enoch Barratt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Connor" title="Daniel Connor">Daniel Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Cooper_(convict_and_merchant)" title="Daniel Cooper (convict and merchant)">Daniel Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Davies_(publisher)" title="John Davies (publisher)">John Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Field_(Australian_pastoralist)" title="William Field (Australian pastoralist)">William Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hutchinson_(superintendent)" title="William Hutchinson (superintendent)">William Hutchinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Hyde" title="Mary Hyde">Mary Hyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Kable" title="Henry Kable">Henry Kable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Levey" title="Solomon Levey">Solomon Levey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_Lord" title="Simeon Lord">Simeon Lord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Reibey" title="Mary Reibey">Mary Reibey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Sidaway" title="Robert Sidaway">Robert Sidaway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Squire" title="James Squire">James Squire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tawell" title="John Tawell">John Tawell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Terry" title="Samuel Terry">Samuel Terry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Architects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Blackburn_(architect)" title="James Blackburn (architect)">James Blackburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Greenway" title="Francis Greenway">Francis Greenway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bushranger" title="Bushranger">Bushrangers</a><br />and escapees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Badger" title="Charlotte Badger">Charlotte Badger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Brady" title="Matthew Brady">Matthew Brady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Bryant" title="Mary Bryant">Mary Bryant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bryant_(convict)" title="William Bryant (convict)">William Bryant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Buckley_(convict)" title="William Buckley (convict)">William Buckley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moondyne_Joe" title="Moondyne Joe">Moondyne Joe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Caesar" title="John Caesar">John Caesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Cash" title="Martin Cash">Martin Cash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Chopin" title="William Chopin">William Chopin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Howe_(bushranger)" title="Michael Howe (bushranger)">Michael Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Kavenagh" title="Lawrence Kavenagh">Lawrence Kavenagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Mitchel" title="John Mitchel">John Mitchel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Muir_of_Huntershill" title="Thomas Muir of Huntershill">Thomas Muir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Boyle_O%27Reilly" title="John Boyle O'Reilly">John Boyle O'Reilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pearce" title="Alexander Pearce">Alexander Pearce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Westwood_(bushranger)" title="William Westwood (bushranger)">William Westwood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Backler" title="Joseph Backler">Joseph Backler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bock" title="Thomas Bock">Thomas Bock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Browne_(painter)" title="Richard Browne (painter)">Richard Browne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knud_Bull" title="Knud Bull">Knud Bull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Edgar" title="Edmund Edgar">Edmund Edgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Eyre_(painter)" title="John Eyre (painter)">John Eyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Buelow_Gould" title="William Buelow Gould">William Buelow Gould</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lycett" title="Joseph Lycett">Joseph Lycett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Rodius" title="Charles Rodius">Charles Rodius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Griffiths_Wainewright" title="Thomas Griffiths Wainewright">Thomas Griffiths Wainewright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Watling" title="Thomas Watling">Thomas Watling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Walsh_(convict)" title="James Walsh (convict)">James Walsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politicians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Cuffay" title="William Cuffay">William Cuffay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Groom" title="William Henry Groom">William Henry Groom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Izod_O%27Doherty" title="Kevin Izod O'Doherty">Kevin Izod O'Doherty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chroniclers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Cashman" title="Denis Cashman">Denis Cashman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Catchpole" title="Margaret Catchpole">Margaret Catchpole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_the_Poet" title="Frank the Poet">Frank the Poet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Savery" title="Henry Savery">Henry Savery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Hardy_Vaux" title="James Hardy Vaux">James Hardy Vaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Acton_Wroth" title="John Acton Wroth">John Acton Wroth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Explorers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Baxter_(explorer)" title="John Baxter (explorer)">John Baxter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Meehan_(surveyor)" title="James Meehan (surveyor)">James Meehan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Wild" title="Joseph Wild">Joseph Wild</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br />convicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Esther_Abrahams" title="Esther Abrahams">Esther Abrahams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Baughan" title="John Baughan">John Baughan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Bloodsworth" title="James Bloodsworth">James Bloodsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Blue" title="Billy Blue">Billy Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cadman_(convict)" title="John Cadman (convict)">John Cadman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Callaghan" title="Elizabeth Callaghan">Elizabeth Callaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Dawson" title="Margaret Dawson">Margaret Dawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Hynes_Halloran" title="Laurence Hynes Halloran">Laurence Hynes Halloran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Jeffrey" title="Mark Jeffrey">Mark Jeffrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8rgen_J%C3%B8rgensen" title="Jørgen Jørgensen">Jørgen Jørgensen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Smith_O%27Brien" title="William Smith O'Brien">William Smith O'Brien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Palin" title="Robert Palin">Robert Palin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Nichols" title="Isaac Nichols">Isaac Nichols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Potaski" title="Joseph Potaski">Joseph Potaski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Ruse" title="James Ruse">James Ruse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Thackery" title="Elizabeth Thackery">Elizabeth Thackery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Wade" title="Mary Wade">Mary Wade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Popular culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_ballads" title="Transportation ballads">Transportation ballads</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Botany_Bay_(song)" title="Botany Bay (song)">Botany Bay</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Moreton_Bay_(song)" title="Moreton Bay (song)">Moreton Bay</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Jim_Jones_at_Botany_Bay" title="Jim Jones at Botany Bay">Jim Jones at Botany Bay</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Van_Diemen%27s_Land_(folk_song)" title="Van Diemen's Land (folk song)">Van Diemen's Land</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/For_the_Term_of_His_Natural_Life_(1908_film)" title="For the Term of His Natural Life (1908 film)">For the Term of His Natural Life</a></i> (1908)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Assigned_Servant" title="The Assigned Servant">The Assigned Servant</a></i> (1911)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/It_Is_Never_Too_Late_to_Mend_(1911_film)" title="It Is Never Too Late to Mend (1911 film)">It Is Never Too Late to Mend</a></i> (1911)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lady_Outlaw" title="The Lady Outlaw">The Lady Outlaw</a></i> (1911)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Life_of_Rufus_Dawes" title="The Life of Rufus Dawes">The Life of Rufus Dawes</a></i> (1911)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mark_of_the_Lash" title="The Mark of the Lash">The Mark of the Lash</a></i> (1911)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/One_Hundred_Years_Ago" title="One Hundred Years Ago">One Hundred Years Ago</a></i> (1911)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Romantic_Story_of_Margaret_Catchpole" title="The Romantic Story of Margaret Catchpole">The Romantic Story of Margaret Catchpole</a></i> (1911)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sentenced_for_Life_(1911_film)" title="Sentenced for Life (1911 film)">Sentenced for Life</a></i> (1911)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moondyne#1913_film" title="Moondyne">Moondyne</a></i> (1913)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Transported" title="Transported">Transported</a></i> (1913)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tenth_Straw" title="The Tenth Straw">The Tenth Straw</a></i> (1926)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/For_the_Term_of_His_Natural_Life_(1927_film)" title="For the Term of His Natural Life (1927 film)">For the Term of His Natural Life</a></i> (1927)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/To_New_Shores" title="To New Shores">To New Shores</a></i> (1937)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Red_Sky_at_Morning_(1944_film)" title="Red Sky at Morning (1944 film)">Red Sky at Morning</a></i> (1944)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Under_Capricorn" title="Under Capricorn">Under Capricorn</a></i> (1949)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Botany_Bay_(film)" title="Botany Bay (film)">Botany Bay</a></i> (1953)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adam%27s_Woman" title="Adam's Woman">Adam's Woman</a></i> (1970)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Journey_Among_Women" title="Journey Among Women">Journey Among Women</a></i> (1977)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Confession_of_Alexander_Pearce" title="The Last Confession of Alexander Pearce">The Last Confession of Alexander Pearce</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Van_Diemen%27s_Land_(film)" title="Van Diemen's Land (film)"> Van Diemen's Land</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Nightingale_(2018_film)" title="The Nightingale (2018 film)">The Nightingale</a></i> (2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Devil_Makes_Sunday" title="The Devil Makes Sunday">The Devil Makes Sunday</a></i> (1961)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Devil_Makes_Sunday_(1962_film)" title="The Devil Makes Sunday (1962 film)">The Devil Makes Sunday</a></i> (1962)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Against_the_Wind_(miniseries)" title="Against the Wind (miniseries)">Against the Wind</a></i> (1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sara_Dane" title="Sara Dane">Sara Dane</a></i> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/For_the_Term_of_His_Natural_Life_(miniseries)" title="For the Term of His Natural Life (miniseries)">For the Term of His Natural Life</a></i> (1983)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Incredible_Journey_of_Mary_Bryant" title="The Incredible Journey of Mary Bryant">The Incredible Journey of Mary Bryant</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Banished_(TV_series)" title="Banished (TV series)">Banished</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Secret_River_(TV_series)" title="The Secret River (TV series)">The Secret River</a></i> (2015)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Journals_of_the_First_Fleet" title="Journals of the First Fleet">Journals of the First Fleet</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/It_Is_Never_Too_Late_to_Mend_(novel)" title="It Is Never Too Late to Mend (novel)">It's Never Too Late to Mend</a></i> (1856)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Broad_Arrow" title="The Broad Arrow">The Broad Arrow</a></i> (1859)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Great_Expectations" title="Great Expectations">Great Expectations</a></i> (1861)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wild_Goose" title="The Wild Goose">The Wild Goose</a></i> (1867)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/For_the_Term_of_His_Natural_Life" title="For the Term of His Natural Life">For the Term of His Natural Life</a></i> (1872)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moondyne" title="Moondyne">Moondyne</a></i> (1879)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bring_Larks_and_Heroes" title="Bring Larks and Heroes">Bring Larks and Heroes</a></i> (1967)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Fringe_of_Leaves" title="A Fringe of Leaves">A Fringe of Leaves</a></i> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Playmaker_(novel)" title="The Playmaker (novel)">The Playmaker</a></i> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Remembering_Babylon" title="Remembering Babylon">Remembering Babylon</a></i> (1993)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Potato_Factory" title="The Potato Factory">The Potato Factory</a></i> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jack_Maggs" title="Jack Maggs">Jack Maggs</a></i> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gould%27s_Book_of_Fish" title="Gould's Book of Fish">Gould's Book of Fish</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Secret_River" title="The Secret River">The Secret River</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lieutenant_(novel)" title="The Lieutenant (novel)">The Lieutenant</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Parrot_and_Olivier_in_America" title="Parrot and Olivier in America">Parrot and Olivier in America</a></i> (2010)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Transports" title="The Transports">The Transports</a></i> (1977)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Country%27s_Good" title="Our Country's Good">Our Country's Good</a></i> (1988)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Art</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Medal" title="Charlotte Medal">Charlotte Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Jackson_Painter" title="Port Jackson Painter">Port Jackson Painter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajah_Quilt" title="Rajah Quilt">Rajah Quilt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_punchbowls" title="Sydney punchbowls">Sydney punchbowls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_twenty-dollar_note" title="Australian twenty-dollar note">Twenty Dollar Note</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Convict_Sites" title="Australian Convict Sites">Australian<br />Convict Sites</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brickendon_Estate" title="Brickendon Estate">Brickendon Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadmans_Cottage" title="Cadmans Cottage">Cadmans Cottage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascades_Female_Factory" title="Cascades Female Factory">Cascades Female Factory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coal_Mines_Historic_Site" title="Coal Mines Historic Site">Coal Mines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commissariat_Store,_Brisbane" title="Commissariat Store, Brisbane">Commissariat Store, Brisbane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darlington_Probation_Station" title="Darlington Probation Station">Darlington Probation Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Farm" title="Elizabeth Farm">Elizabeth Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experiment_Farm_Cottage" title="Experiment Farm Cottage">Experiment Farm Cottage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fremantle_Prison" title="Fremantle Prison">Fremantle Prison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_North_Road_(New_South_Wales)" title="Great North Road (New South Wales)">Great North Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park_Barracks,_Sydney" title="Hyde Park Barracks, Sydney">Hyde Park Barracks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston_and_Arthur%27s_Vale_Historic_Area" title="Kingston and Arthur's Vale Historic Area">Kingston and Arthur's Vale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lennox_Bridge,_Parramatta" title="Lennox Bridge, Parramatta">Lennox Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Government_House,_Parramatta" title="Old Government House, Parramatta">Old Government House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parramatta_Female_Factory" title="Parramatta Female Factory">Parramatta Female Factory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Arthur,_Tasmania" title="Port Arthur, Tasmania">Port Arthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Bridge_(Tasmania)" title="Richmond Bridge (Tasmania)">Richmond Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Gaol" title="Richmond Gaol">Richmond Gaol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Female_Factory" title="Ross Female Factory">Ross Female Factory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Old_Windmill,_Brisbane" title="The Old Windmill, Brisbane">The Old Windmill, Brisbane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaucluse_House" title="Vaucluse House">Vaucluse House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woolmers_Estate" title="Woolmers Estate">Woolmers Estate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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