CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Music television - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"25aed767-4ffe-4d6a-accc-6083cd059495","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Music_television","wgTitle":"Music television","wgCurRevisionId":1255254966,"wgRevisionId":1255254966,"wgArticleId":5036636,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 errors: missing periodical","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles with limited geographic scope from September 2023","Music television"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Music_television","wgRelevantArticleId":5036636,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject" :"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q6942441","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false, "wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader", "ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Music television - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_television"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Music_television&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_television"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Music_television rootpage-Music_television skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Music+television" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Music+television" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Music+television" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Music+television" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Radio_broadcast_(1950s)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radio_broadcast_(1950s)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Radio broadcast (1950s)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radio_broadcast_(1950s)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Network_television_(1960–1980)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Network_television_(1960–1980)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Network television (1960–1980)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Network_television_(1960–1980)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cable_television_(1980s–2000)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cable_television_(1980s–2000)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Cable television (1980s–2000)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cable_television_(1980s–2000)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Digital_era_(2000–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Digital_era_(2000–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Digital era (2000–present)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Digital_era_(2000–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Impact_on_the_music_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impact_on_the_music_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Impact on the music industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Impact_on_the_music_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Music television</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 4 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-4" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">4 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musikfernsehsender" title="Musikfernsehsender – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Musikfernsehsender" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musiikkiohjelma" title="Musiikkiohjelma – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Musiikkiohjelma" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truy%E1%BB%81n_h%C3%ACnh_%C3%A2m_nh%E1%BA%A1c" title="Truyền hình âm nhạc – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Truyền hình âm nhạc" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96" title="音樂電視 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="音樂電視" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6942441#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Music_television" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Music_television" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Music_television"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_television&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_television&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Music_television"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_television&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_television&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Music_television" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Music_television" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_television&oldid=1255254966" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_television&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Music_television&id=1255254966&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMusic_television"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMusic_television"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Music_television&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_television&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Music_television" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6942441" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Genre of television programming</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the American TV network whose initials mean "Music Television", see <a href="/wiki/MTV" title="MTV">MTV</a>.</div> <p><b>Music television</b> is a type of <a href="/wiki/Television_programming" class="mw-redirect" title="Television programming">television programming</a> which focuses predominantly on playing <a href="/wiki/Music_video" title="Music video">music videos</a> from <a href="/wiki/Recording_artists" class="mw-redirect" title="Recording artists">recording artists</a>, usually on dedicated <a href="/wiki/Television_channel" title="Television channel">television channels</a>' broadcasting on <a href="/wiki/Satellite_television" title="Satellite television">satellite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cable_television" title="Cable television">cable</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Streaming_media" title="Streaming media">streaming platforms</a>. </p><p>Music television channels may host their own shows and charts and award prizes. Examples are Paramount's <a href="/wiki/MTV" title="MTV">MTV</a>, Channel UFX (India), <a href="/wiki/4Music" title="4Music">4Music</a> (UK), <a href="/wiki/40_TV" title="40 TV">40 TV</a> (Spain), <a href="/wiki/Channel_V" title="Channel V">Channel V</a> (China), <a href="/wiki/Viva_(TV_station)" class="mw-redirect" title="Viva (TV station)">VIVA</a> (Germany, defunct), <a href="/wiki/Scuzz" title="Scuzz">Scuzz</a> (UK), <a href="/wiki/MuchMusic" class="mw-redirect" title="MuchMusic">MuchMusic</a> (Canadian), <a href="/wiki/Kerrang!_TV" title="Kerrang! TV">Kerrang! TV</a> (UK), <a href="/wiki/RAC_105_TV" title="RAC 105 TV">RAC 105 TV</a> (Catalonia), <a href="/wiki/VH1" title="VH1">VH1</a> (removed years later), <a href="/wiki/Fuse_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuse TV">Fuse TV</a> (removed years later) and <a href="/wiki/Palladia" class="mw-redirect" title="Palladia">Palladia</a> (now as MTV Live). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_television&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Globalize plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-globalize" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Globe icon." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/48px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/73px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/97px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The examples and perspective in this section <b>may not represent a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias">worldwide view</a> of the subject</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You may <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Music_television&action=edit">improve this section</a>, discuss the issue on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Music_television" title="Talk:Music television">talk page</a>, or create a new section, as appropriate.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radio_broadcast_(1950s)"><span id="Radio_broadcast_.281950s.29"></span>Radio broadcast (1950s)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_television&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Radio broadcast (1950s)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prior to the 1950s, most of musical broadcasts were on a radio format. Most radio broadcasts were live music such as classical music broadcasts—for example, the <a href="/wiki/NBC_Symphony_Orchestra" title="NBC Symphony Orchestra">NBC Symphony Orchestra</a>. In the 1950s, three of broadcast television such as <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a>, <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a>, and <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a> (the Big Three) sought to move their popular radio broadcasts to a television format,<sup id="cite_ref-McIntosh_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McIntosh-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as <i><a href="/wiki/Texaco_Star_Theater" title="Texaco Star Theater">Texaco Star Theater</a></i>, which went from a radio broadcast to a telecast.<sup id="cite_ref-Dunning_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dunning-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As networks continued to withdraw radio for popular music broadcasting, the recording industry sought to influence sales by using television as a new vessel for promoting for their artists. The coordination between record companies and television saw the incorporation of musical acts in variety shows such as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Ed_Sullivan_Show" title="The Ed Sullivan Show">The Ed Sullivan Show</a></i> (1948–1971), <i>The Stage Show</i> (1954–1956), and <i>Texaco Star Theater</i> (1948–1956). <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Records" title="Columbia Records">Columbia Records</a> was the first to utilize this method by coordinating the release of a song on CBS's <a href="/wiki/Studio_One_(American_TV_series)" title="Studio One (American TV series)">Studio One</a> and then releasing it on audio format by the label on the next day. This practice introduced the success of the televised format for musical promotion.<sup id="cite_ref-Coates_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coates-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Performers doing specials on variety shows also became common on television. <a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a> performed on numerous variety shows over the span of multiple per episodes, playing rock-and-roll music. His most controversial performance was his appearance on <i>Texaco Star Theater</i> where he did his now-signature dance moves of thrusting his pelvis suggestively during a performance of "You Ain't Nothing But A Hound Dog".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This performance served as an opening to have younger and newer music targeted at a younger demographic; previously telecasts were typically targeted towards the adult audience. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Network_television_(1960–1980)"><span id="Network_television_.281960.E2.80.931980.29"></span>Network television (1960–1980)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_television&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Network television (1960–1980)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Partridge_Family_Cast_1970.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/The_Partridge_Family_Cast_1970.jpg/220px-The_Partridge_Family_Cast_1970.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/The_Partridge_Family_Cast_1970.jpg/330px-The_Partridge_Family_Cast_1970.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/The_Partridge_Family_Cast_1970.jpg/440px-The_Partridge_Family_Cast_1970.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1023" data-file-height="821" /></a><figcaption><i>The Partridge Family</i> cast in 1970</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 1960s, NBC, CBS and ABC formed most of the music television market establishing themselves as the main sources for current music.<sup id="cite_ref-Coates_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coates-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A main contributor to the solidification of music broadcasting was the development of programs specifically designed to showcase music acts. This led to more technicians, set designers, producers, and directors training to specifically produce television content. The programs were of better quality than in the 1950s and gave a youthful, more dynamic look to pre-existing shows, such as <i>The Ed Sullivan Show</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Nachman_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nachman-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The shift in production modality started to attract corporate sponsorships such as <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford</a>, who used ad space in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lively_Ones" title="The Lively Ones">The Lively Ones</a></i> to promote the Fairlane sedan to young-aged car buyers.<sup id="cite_ref-Coates_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coates-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Record labels and performers in the 1960s sought to utilize the newly-founded, music-driven platform to introduce audiences to foreign acts such as <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a> who performed in the US for the first time on <i>The Ed Sullivan Show</i> on February 9, 1964.<sup id="cite_ref-Nachman_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nachman-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Beatles' performance served as the beginning of increased British influence in US popular culture.<sup id="cite_ref-McIntosh_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McIntosh-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other music-based variety programs gained popularity, including ABC's <i><a href="/wiki/Shindig!" title="Shindig!">Shindig</a></i> (1964–1966), and NBC's <i><a href="/wiki/Hullabaloo_(TV_series)" title="Hullabaloo (TV series)">Hullaballoo</a></i> (1965–1966), a rock-and-roll show targeted at remote area's young adults.<sup id="cite_ref-Denisoff_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Denisoff-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another extension of the growth of television music can be seen in musical family acts of the 1970s such as <a href="/wiki/The_Monkees" title="The Monkees">The Monkees</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Partridge_Family" title="The Partridge Family">The Partridge Family</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Jackson_5" title="The Jackson 5">The Jackson 5</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Osmonds" title="The Osmonds">The Osmonds</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Coates_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coates-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cable_television_(1980s–2000)"><span id="Cable_television_.281980s.E2.80.932000.29"></span>Cable television (1980s–2000)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_television&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Cable television (1980s–2000)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mtv_logo_before_1994.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Mtv_logo_before_1994.png/220px-Mtv_logo_before_1994.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Mtv_logo_before_1994.png/330px-Mtv_logo_before_1994.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Mtv_logo_before_1994.png/440px-Mtv_logo_before_1994.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="782" /></a><figcaption>MTV logo until 2010</figcaption></figure> <p>On March 3, 1981, Warner-Amex Satellite Entertainment (now as "Paramount Media Networks") introduced <a href="/wiki/MTV" title="MTV">MTV</a> (Music Television),<sup id="cite_ref-Denisoff_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Denisoff-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the first 24/7 cable television network completely dedicated the broadcast of music videos. MTV was aimed to reach and profit from the young adult demographic. The purpose of MTV was to reuse previously-made content by record labels for international audiences, which was free, and televise them in America in a top-40 hits format.<sup id="cite_ref-Coates_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coates-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On August 1, 1981, MTV was launched with its first telecast of “<a href="/wiki/Video_Killed_the_Radio_Star" title="Video Killed the Radio Star">Video Killed the Radio Star</a>" by British new-wave band The Buggles.<sup id="cite_ref-Denisoff_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Denisoff-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The birth of MTV reinvented the past, successful strategies by record labels, sponsors, and performers had used on variety specials. This latest network added the requirement of visual effect and video concept production to a past, mainly audio platform. This showed an influx of record labels and performers producing more high-quality videos and presenting a theme to their music and sound through visual platforms.<sup id="cite_ref-Denisoff_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Denisoff-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some record labels also decided to dedicate entire sections of their operation to music videos.<sup id="cite_ref-Banks_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Banks-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the late 1980s and early 1990s, MTV began cultivating a lifestyle for teen and college-aged students. As video clips started to develop certain images for artist, such as <a href="/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna">Madonna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen" title="Bruce Springsteen">Bruce Springsteen</a>, and <a href="/wiki/New_Kids_on_The_Block" class="mw-redirect" title="New Kids on The Block">New Kids on The Block</a>, fashion and paraphernalia for these acts were also marketed along with the distribution of music.<sup id="cite_ref-Banks_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Banks-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Digital_era_(2000–present)"><span id="Digital_era_.282000.E2.80.93present.29"></span>Digital era (2000–present)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_television&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Digital era (2000–present)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:191125_Taylor_Swift_at_the_2019_American_Music_Awards.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/191125_Taylor_Swift_at_the_2019_American_Music_Awards.png/133px-191125_Taylor_Swift_at_the_2019_American_Music_Awards.png" decoding="async" width="133" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/191125_Taylor_Swift_at_the_2019_American_Music_Awards.png/199px-191125_Taylor_Swift_at_the_2019_American_Music_Awards.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/191125_Taylor_Swift_at_the_2019_American_Music_Awards.png/266px-191125_Taylor_Swift_at_the_2019_American_Music_Awards.png 2x" data-file-width="639" data-file-height="909" /></a><figcaption>Taylor Swift at the 2019 American Music Awards</figcaption></figure> <p>In the early 2000s with the rise of digital technologies the music industry as well as the network industry sought to elevate their platform into the digital era after the decline of cable network ratings.<sup id="cite_ref-University_of_Wisconsin-Madison_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-University_of_Wisconsin-Madison-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Network television started to broadcast reality television shows that were related but not focused on industry musical acts such as MTV's <i>Cribs</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/American_Idol" title="American Idol">American Idol</a></i> (US version of Fuller's "Pop Idol"), and NBC's <i><a href="/wiki/America%27s_Got_Talent" title="America's Got Talent">America's Got Talent</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which drew larger audiences than music videos.<sup id="cite_ref-Coates_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coates-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Certain television networks also sought to develop and broadcast their own award shows such as the <a href="/wiki/Teen_Choice_Awards" title="Teen Choice Awards">Teen Choice Awards</a> (Fox, the MTV <a href="/wiki/Video_Music_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="Video Music Awards">Video Music Awards</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/American_Music_Awards" title="American Music Awards">American Music Awards</a> (ABC until 2023).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 2010s came the appeal of providing more dynamic and fast content such as <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> channels to premiere music videos and social media accounts with the purpose of staying relevant and continuing to distribute content to the teen/college-aged demographic.<sup id="cite_ref-Coates_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coates-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The YouTube streaming platform is now the main source for audiences to consume music video premieres and relevant content. However, MTV remains airing all of reality content as well as award shows.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Impact_on_the_music_industry">Impact on the music industry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_television&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Impact on the music industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The impact that television's music has had on music culture is that it allowed for aesthetic and personal style to the lead in terms of importance over sound in popular music.<sup id="cite_ref-Coates_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coates-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before the age of MTV, the term “pop” was a means to describe popular music at the given time. However, after music videos began to become more widespread the term “pop music” started to describe musical genre that was accompanied by specific aesthetics through visual art in conjunction to sound.<sup id="cite_ref-Denisoff_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Denisoff-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moreover, to get a record deal in the time after 1981, when the year where MTV had launched, the sound was not as important as image when it came to creating a novelty act nor selling records.<sup id="cite_ref-Coates_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coates-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An example of this can be seen through Madonna and Michael Jackson (ironically, he is the first black artist to play a song's video, but refused to add all of non-white artists and is mentioned by Bowie in MTV's controversy) who used the platform MTV to create careers that were based on music videos, choreography, and personal style over an audiovisual performance. </p><p>The impact of music television on the music industry after the launch of MTV led to addition of specific visual art division within record labels <sup id="cite_ref-Denisoff_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Denisoff-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which had the specific intention of introducing new acts to audiences with a clear image.<sup id="cite_ref-Banks_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Banks-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, this strategy sometimes was ineffective for up-and-coming artist since most commercial broadcasters wanted to air recently-established artist.<sup id="cite_ref-Banks_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Banks-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, record companies found a way to overcome this issue by signing exclusivity deals with MTV to guarantee air play both their established artists as well their newer artists.<sup id="cite_ref-McIntosh_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McIntosh-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Additionally, a key factor in music television's success in the 1980s and 1990s was the evocative structure of music videos that were specifically targeted towards the teenaged audience.<sup id="cite_ref-Consumption_Imagery_in_Music_Televi_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Consumption_Imagery_in_Music_Televi-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The impact that MTV specifically had was that it was a window into popular trends and fashion <sup id="cite_ref-Consumption_Imagery_in_Music_Televi_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Consumption_Imagery_in_Music_Televi-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> unlike in the 21st century where trends are available through social media.<sup id="cite_ref-Coates_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coates-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The extent of the effect of television's music after the late 1990s is argumentative. In the golden era of music videos (1985–96),<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> fame achieved through television was an integral part of the star-making process for the music industry.<sup id="cite_ref-Banks_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Banks-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the depletion of television rating going into the 21st century <sup id="cite_ref-University_of_Wisconsin-Madison_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-University_of_Wisconsin-Madison-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as the aspect that radio was the more dominant form of broadcast media in terms of longevity dating from the 1920s to the mid-late 1950s<sup id="cite_ref-Dunning_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dunning-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> show that the effect of television in terms of longevity were scarce <sup id="cite_ref-Look!_Hear!_The_Uneasy_Relationship_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Look!_Hear!_The_Uneasy_Relationship-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the late 1990s, the expense of creating a music video grew from tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands which made them less appealing as an easy market source.<sup id="cite_ref-Here_We_Go_Again:_Music_Videos_afte_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Here_We_Go_Again:_Music_Videos_afte-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Starting in early 2000s, YouTube and MySpace started removing the need to pay broadcasters for air time and the music industry had found a free substitute.<sup id="cite_ref-Look!_Hear!_The_Uneasy_Relationship_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Look!_Hear!_The_Uneasy_Relationship-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> following the launch of VEVO in 2009 the increase of music videos consumed on Internet platform surpassed the expectation of record labels.<sup id="cite_ref-Here_We_Go_Again:_Music_Videos_afte_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Here_We_Go_Again:_Music_Videos_afte-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another aspect that lead to depletion of the effects of music television are those record companies were cutting video budgets and industry paper along moving most up-to-date content to digital platforms.<sup id="cite_ref-University_of_Wisconsin-Madison_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-University_of_Wisconsin-Madison-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_television&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-McIntosh-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McIntosh_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McIntosh_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McIntosh_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMcIntosh2004" class="citation journal cs1">McIntosh, Heather (2004). "Music video Forerunners in Early Television Programming: A Look at WCPO-TV's Innovations and Contributions in the 1950s". <i>Popular Music and Society</i>. <b>27</b> (3): 259–272. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03007760410001733125">10.1080/03007760410001733125</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:191472794">191472794</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Popular+Music+and+Society&rft.atitle=Music+video+Forerunners+in+Early+Television+Programming%3A+A+Look+at+WCPO-TV%27s+Innovations+and+Contributions+in+the+1950s&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=259-272&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F03007760410001733125&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A191472794%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=McIntosh&rft.aufirst=Heather&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dunning-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dunning_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dunning_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunning1998" class="citation journal cs1">Dunning, John (1998). "On the Air: The Encyclopedia of Old-Time Radio". Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=On+the+Air%3A+The+Encyclopedia+of+Old-Time+Radio.&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Dunning&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+television" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Coates-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Coates_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Coates_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Coates_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Coates_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Coates_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Coates_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Coates_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Coates_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Coates_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Coates_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoates2018" class="citation book cs1">Coates, Norma (2018). <i>Television Music in A Companion to the History of American Broadcasting</i>. John Wiley & Sons.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Television+Music+in+A+Companion+to+the+History+of+American+Broadcasting&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Coates&rft.aufirst=Norma&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParksMelissa2007" class="citation book cs1">Parks, Lisa; Melissa, McCartney (2007). <i>Elvis Goes Global: Aloha! Elvis Live Via Satellite</i>. University of California Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elvis+Goes+Global%3A+Aloha%21+Elvis+Live+Via+Satellite&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Parks&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft.au=Melissa%2C+McCartney&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nachman-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nachman_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nachman_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNachman2009" class="citation book cs1">Nachman, Gerald (2009). <i>Right Here On Our Stage Tonight!: Ed Sullivan's America</i>. University of California Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Right+Here+On+Our+Stage+Tonight%21%3A+Ed+Sullivan%27s+America&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Nachman&rft.aufirst=Gerald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Denisoff-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Denisoff_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Denisoff_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Denisoff_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Denisoff_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Denisoff_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Denisoff_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDenisoff1988" class="citation book cs1">Denisoff, R. (1988). <i>Inside MTV</i>. Taylor Francis.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inside+MTV&rft.pub=Taylor+Francis&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Denisoff&rft.aufirst=R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Banks-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Banks_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Banks_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Banks_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Banks_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Banks_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBanks1998" class="citation journal cs1">Banks, Jack (1998). "Video in the machine: the incorporation of music video into the recording industry". <i>Cambridge University Press</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.atitle=Video+in+the+machine%3A+the+incorporation+of+music+video+into+the+recording+industry&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Banks&rft.aufirst=Jack&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-University_of_Wisconsin-Madison-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-University_of_Wisconsin-Madison_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-University_of_Wisconsin-Madison_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-University_of_Wisconsin-Madison_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAslinger2008" class="citation thesis cs1">Aslinger, Ben (2008). <i>Aural Appearances: Popular Music, Televisuality, and Technology</i> (PhD dissertation). University of Wisconsin-Madison.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Aural+Appearances%3A+Popular+Music%2C+Televisuality%2C+and+Technology&rft.inst=University+of+Wisconsin-Madison&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Aslinger&rft.aufirst=Ben&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAusten2005" class="citation journal cs1">Austen, Jake (2005). "TV-a-Go-Go: Rock on TV from <i>American Bandstand</i> to <i>American Idol</i>". <i>Chicago Review Press</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Review+Press&rft.atitle=TV-a-Go-Go%3A+Rock+on+TV+from+American+Bandstand+to+American+Idol&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Austen&rft.aufirst=Jake&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris2004" class="citation book cs1">Morris, Jeremy Wade (2004). <i>Selling Digital Music, Formatting Culture</i>. University of California Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Selling+Digital+Music%2C+Formatting+Culture&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Jeremy+Wade&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLotzBodroghkozy2018" class="citation book cs1">Lotz, Amanda; Bodroghkozy, Aniko (2018). <i>The Post-Network Era in A Companion to the History of American Broadcasting</i>. John Wiley & Sons.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Post-Network+Era+in+A+Companion+to+the+History+of+American+Broadcasting&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Lotz&rft.aufirst=Amanda&rft.au=Bodroghkozy%2C+Aniko&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Consumption_Imagery_in_Music_Televi-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Consumption_Imagery_in_Music_Televi_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Consumption_Imagery_in_Music_Televi_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnglisSolomonOlofsson1993" class="citation journal cs1">Englis, Basil G.; Solomon, Michael R.; Olofsson, Anna (1993). "Consumption Imagery in Music Television: A Bi-Cultural Perspective". <i>Journal of Advertising</i>. <b>22</b> (4): 21–33. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00913367.1993.10673416">10.1080/00913367.1993.10673416</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Advertising&rft.atitle=Consumption+Imagery+in+Music+Television%3A+A+Bi-Cultural+Perspective.&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=21-33&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00913367.1993.10673416&rft.aulast=Englis&rft.aufirst=Basil+G.&rft.au=Solomon%2C+Michael+R.&rft.au=Olofsson%2C+Anna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFirth2002" class="citation journal cs1">Firth, Simon (2002). "Look! Hear! The Uneasy Relationship of Music and Television". <i>Popular Music</i>. <b>21</b> (3): 277–290. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0261143002002180">10.1017/S0261143002002180</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:191448056">191448056</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Popular+Music&rft.atitle=Look%21+Hear%21+The+Uneasy+Relationship+of+Music+and+Television&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=277-290&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0261143002002180&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A191448056%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Firth&rft.aufirst=Simon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Look!_Hear!_The_Uneasy_Relationship-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Look!_Hear!_The_Uneasy_Relationship_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Look!_Hear!_The_Uneasy_Relationship_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFirth2002" class="citation journal cs1">Firth, Simon (2002). "Look! Hear! The Uneasy Relationship of Music and Television". <i>Cambridge University Press</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.atitle=Look%21+Hear%21+The+Uneasy+Relationship+of+Music+and+Television&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Firth&rft.aufirst=Simon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Here_We_Go_Again:_Music_Videos_afte-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Here_We_Go_Again:_Music_Videos_afte_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Here_We_Go_Again:_Music_Videos_afte_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdmond2014" class="citation journal cs1">Edmond, Maura (2014). "Here We Go Again: Music Videos after YouTube". <i>Television & New Media</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1527476412465901">10.1177/1527476412465901</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145150774">145150774</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Television+%26+New+Media&rft.atitle=Here+We+Go+Again%3A+Music+Videos+after+YouTube&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F1527476412465901&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145150774%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Edmond&rft.aufirst=Maura&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Broadcasting" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Broadcasting" title="Template:Broadcasting"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Broadcasting" title="Template talk:Broadcasting"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Broadcasting" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Broadcasting"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Broadcasting" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting" title="Broadcasting">Broadcasting</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medium</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_broadcasting" title="Radio broadcasting">Radio</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_program" title="Radio program">Radio program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_radio" title="Cable radio">Cable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_radio" title="Digital radio">Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_radio" title="Satellite radio">Satellite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_computing" title="Mobile computing">Mobile computing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_television" title="Mobile television">Mobile television</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teletext" title="Teletext">Teletext</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Television broadcasting">Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Television_show" title="Television show">Television show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analog_television" title="Analog television">Analog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_television" title="Cable television">Cable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_television" title="Digital television">Digital</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_terrestrial_television" title="Digital terrestrial television">Digital terrestrial television</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_television" title="Satellite television">Satellite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_television" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet television">Internet television</a> and <a href="/wiki/Internet_radio" title="Internet radio">radio</a> (<a href="/wiki/Webcast" title="Webcast">Webcast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streaming_media" title="Streaming media">Streaming media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_television" class="mw-redirect" title="Web television">Web television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P2PTV" title="P2PTV">Peer-to-peer television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BitTorrent#Film.2C_video.2C_and_music" title="BitTorrent">BitTorrent television and movies</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Broadcasting<br />niche</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Campus_radio" title="Campus radio">Campus radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_broadcasting" title="Commercial broadcasting">Commercial broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_radio" title="Community radio">Community radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multichannel_television" title="Multichannel television">Multichannel television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pay_television" title="Pay television">Pay television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pay-per-view" title="Pay-per-view">Pay-per-view</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_broadcasting" title="News broadcasting">News broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirate_radio" title="Pirate radio">Pirate radio</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pirate_television" title="Pirate television">Pirate television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_broadcasting" title="Public broadcasting">Public broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_broadcasting" title="Religious broadcasting">Religious broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talk_radio" title="Talk radio">Talk radio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Specialty_channel" title="Specialty channel">Specialty<br />channels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_adult_television_channels" title="List of adult television channels">Adult television channels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_interest_channel" title="Children's interest channel">Children's interest channel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_television_series" title="Children's television series">Children's television series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Documentary_channel" title="Documentary channel">Documentary channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_interest_channel" title="Men's interest channel">Men's interest channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_movie_television_channels" title="List of movie television channels">Movie television channels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_radio" title="Music radio">Music radio</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Music television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiz_channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Quiz channel">Quiz channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shopping_channel" title="Shopping channel">Shopping channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_broadcasting" title="News broadcasting">News broadcasting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Business_channels" class="mw-redirect" title="Business channels">Business channels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_affairs_(broadcasting)" title="Public affairs (broadcasting)">Public affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livestreamed_news" title="Livestreamed news">Livestreamed news</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Sports broadcasting">Sports broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_interest_channel" title="Women's interest channel">Women's interest channel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Production<br />and funding</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broadcast_network" title="Broadcast network">Broadcast network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcast-safe" title="Broadcast-safe">Broadcast-safe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcast_television_systems" title="Broadcast television systems">Broadcast television systems</a></li> <li>Graphics <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_on-screen_graphic" title="Digital on-screen graphic">Digital on-screen graphic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_third" title="Lower third">Lower third</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_ticker" title="News ticker">News ticker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On-screen_display" title="On-screen display">On-screen display</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Score_bug" title="Score bug">Score bug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_news_screen_layout" title="Television news screen layout">Television news screen layout</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_affiliate" title="Network affiliate">Network affiliate</a></li> <li>Occupations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broadcast_designer" title="Broadcast designer">Broadcast designer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcast_license" title="Broadcast license">Broadcast license</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Director_of_network_programming" title="Director of network programming">Director of network programming</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outside_broadcasting" title="Outside broadcasting">Outside broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Press_box" title="Press box">Press box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Press_pool" title="Press pool">Press pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_licence" title="Television licence">Television licence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_studio" title="Television studio">Television studio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Music_television&oldid=1255254966">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Music_television&oldid=1255254966</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Music_television" title="Category:Music television">Music television</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_missing_periodical" title="Category:CS1 errors: missing periodical">CS1 errors: missing periodical</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_limited_geographic_scope_from_September_2023" title="Category:Articles with limited geographic scope from September 2023">Articles with limited geographic scope from September 2023</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 3 November 2024, at 23:32<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Music_television&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-7dxkw","wgBackendResponseTime":154,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.447","walltime":"0.562","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1240,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":37977,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":518,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":8,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":3,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":67356,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 498.695 1 -total"," 37.76% 188.297 1 Template:Reflist"," 22.23% 110.866 8 Template:Cite_journal"," 21.36% 106.529 1 Template:Broadcasting"," 20.83% 103.864 1 Template:Navbox"," 16.40% 81.805 1 Template:Short_description"," 13.81% 68.854 1 Template:Globalize"," 12.50% 62.350 1 Template:Ambox"," 9.35% 46.634 2 Template:Pagetype"," 6.26% 31.211 6 Template:Cite_book"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.293","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":5375632,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-5dc468848-s7hrh","timestamp":"20241122142436","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Music television","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Music_television","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q6942441","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q6942441","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2006-05-06T21:07:14Z","dateModified":"2024-11-03T23:32:44Z","headline":"type of television programming"}</script> </body> </html>