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class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>)</span><br /><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">خلجی</span></span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">1204–1231</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style 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.pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:290px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:290px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:290px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:South_Asia_non_political,_with_rivers.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Khalji dynasty (Bengal) is located in South Asia"><img alt="Khalji dynasty (Bengal) is located in South Asia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/South_Asia_non_political%2C_with_rivers.jpg/290px-South_Asia_non_political%2C_with_rivers.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/South_Asia_non_political%2C_with_rivers.jpg/435px-South_Asia_non_political%2C_with_rivers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/South_Asia_non_political%2C_with_rivers.jpg/580px-South_Asia_non_political%2C_with_rivers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2324" data-file-height="2151" /></a></span><div style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_the_Khaljis_of_Bengal.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Map_of_the_Khaljis_of_Bengal.png/290px-Map_of_the_Khaljis_of_Bengal.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Map_of_the_Khaljis_of_Bengal.png/435px-Map_of_the_Khaljis_of_Bengal.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Map_of_the_Khaljis_of_Bengal.png/580px-Map_of_the_Khaljis_of_Bengal.png 2x" data-file-width="2324" data-file-height="2151" /></a></span></div><div id="annotation_230x5" style="position:absolute; left:230px; top:5px; font-size:10px; font-weight:bold; font-size:10; line-height:12px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/1230_CE" class="mw-redirect" title="1230 CE"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF">South-Asia<br />1230 CE</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_95x75" style="position:absolute; left:95px; top:75px; font-size:8px; font-weight:bold; font-size:8; line-height:10px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Mamluk_dynasty_(Delhi)" title="Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#006400FF">DELHI SULTANATE<br />(MAMLUKS)</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_250x95" style="position:absolute; left:250px; top:95px; font-size:6px; font-weight:bold; font-size:6; line-height:8px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Ahom_kingdom" title="Ahom kingdom"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF">AHOM</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_100x40" style="position:absolute; left:100px; top:40px; font-size:6px; font-weight:bold; font-size:6; line-height:8px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Lohara_dynasty" title="Lohara dynasty"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF">LOHARAS</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_55x100" style="position:absolute; left:55px; top:100px; font-size:7px; font-weight:bold; font-size:7; line-height:9px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Soomra_dynasty" title="Soomra dynasty"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#006400FF"><b>SOOMRA<br />EMIRATE</b></span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_10x9" style="position:absolute; left:10px; top:9px; font-size:8px; font-weight:bold; font-size:8; line-height:10px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#006400FF"><b>MONGOL<br />EMPIRE</b></span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_60x125" style="position:absolute; left:60px; top:125px; font-size:7px; font-weight:bold; font-size:7; line-height:9px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Chaulukya_dynasty" title="Chaulukya dynasty"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF"><b>GUJARAT</b></span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_95x105" style="position:absolute; left:95px; top:105px; font-size:7px; font-weight:bold; font-size:7; line-height:9px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Malwa" title="Kingdom of Malwa"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF"><b>MALWA</b></span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_140x120" style="position:absolute; left:140px; top:120px; font-size:7px; font-weight:bold; font-size:7; line-height:9px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bundelkhand" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Bundelkhand"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF"><b>BUNDELKHAND</b></span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_180x90" style="position:absolute; left:180px; top:90px; font-size:7px; font-weight:bold; font-size:7; line-height:9px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Karnats_of_Mithila" title="Karnats of Mithila"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF"><b>KARNATS</b></span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_140x170" style="position:absolute; left:140px; top:170px; font-size:7px; font-weight:bold; font-size:7; line-height:9px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Kakatiya_dynasty" title="Kakatiya dynasty"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF"><b>KAKATIYAS</b></span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_144x185" style="position:absolute; left:144px; top:185px; font-size:7px; font-weight:bold; font-size:7; line-height:9px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Telugu_Chodas" title="Telugu Chodas"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF"><b>CHODAS</b></span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_165x145" style="position:absolute; left:165px; top:145px; font-size:7px; font-weight:bold; font-size:7; line-height:9px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ganga_dynasty" title="Eastern Ganga dynasty"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF"><b>EASTERN<br />GANGAS</b></span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_110x150" style="position:absolute; left:110px; top:150px; font-size:8px; font-weight:bold; font-size:8; line-height:10px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Seuna_(Yadava)_dynasty" title="Seuna (Yadava) dynasty"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF">YADAVAS</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_120x230" style="position:absolute; left:120px; top:230px; font-size:7px; font-weight:bold; font-size:7; line-height:9px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Pandyan_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Pandyan dynasty"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF">PANDYAS</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_130x200" style="position:absolute; left:130px; top:200px; font-size:7px; font-weight:bold; font-size:7; line-height:9px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Chola_dynasty" title="Chola dynasty"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF">CHOLAS</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_100x210" style="position:absolute; left:100px; top:210px; font-size:7px; font-weight:bold; font-size:7; line-height:9px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Hoysala_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoysala Empire"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF">HOYSALAS</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_110x220" style="position:absolute; left:110px; top:220px; font-size:7px; font-weight:bold; font-size:7; line-height:9px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Chera_dynasty" title="Chera dynasty"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF">CHERAS</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_262x250" style="position:absolute; left:262px; top:250px; font-size:12px; font-weight:bold; font-size:12; line-height:14px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Template:South_Asia_in_1175" title="Template:South Asia in 1175"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF"> ◁ </span></a> <a href="/wiki/Template:South_Asia_in_1400" title="Template:South Asia in 1400"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF"> ▷ </span></a></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ib-country-map-caption">Location of the Khaljis of Bengal and neighbouring South Asian polities, circa 1230 CE.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gau%E1%B8%8Da_(city)" title="Gauḍa (city)">Lakhnauti</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Common languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> (official)<br /><a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> (religious)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Oligarchy" title="Oligarchy">Tribal oligarchy</a><sup id="cite_ref-social_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-social-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1204–1206 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Bakhtiyar_Khalji" title="Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji">Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji</a> (first)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1231 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Balka_Khalji" title="Balka Khalji">Balka Khalji</a> (last)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historical era</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Kingdoms_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Kingdoms of India">Middle Kingdoms of India</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Established </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1204</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Disestablished </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1231</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_taka" title="History of the taka">Taka</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sena_dynasty" title="Sena dynasty">Sena dynasty</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ghurid_dynasty" title="Ghurid dynasty">Ghurid dynasty</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate">Delhi Sultanate</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Sultanate" title="Bengal Sultanate">Bengal Sultanate</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Today part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a><br /><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Khalji dynasty</b> (<a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>: <span lang="bn">খলজি রাজবংশ</span>, <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">خاندان خلجی</span></span>) was the first <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> dynasty to rule the <a href="/wiki/Bengal" title="Bengal">Bengal</a> region in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a>. The dynasty, which hailed from the <a href="/wiki/Garmsir_District" title="Garmsir District">Garmsir</a> region of present-day <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, was founded in 1204 by <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_bin_Bakhtiyar_Khalji" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji">Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji</a>, a Muslim <a href="/wiki/Turko-Afghan" class="mw-redirect" title="Turko-Afghan">Turko-Afghan</a><sup id="cite_ref-Know_Your_State_West_Bengal_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Know_Your_State_West_Bengal-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> general of the <a href="/wiki/Ghurid_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghurid Empire">Ghurid Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Know_Your_State_West_Bengal_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Know_Your_State_West_Bengal-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Khaljis initially pledged allegiance to Sultan <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_of_Ghor" title="Muhammad of Ghor">Muhammad of Ghor</a> until his death in 1206, though their rule in Bengal was mostly independent. Under the rule of <a href="/wiki/Iwaz_Khalji" title="Iwaz Khalji">Iwaz Khalji</a>, Bengal experienced major developments such as its first naval force, flood defence systems and linkage with the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Trunk_Road" title="Grand Trunk Road">Grand Trunk Road</a>. The dynasty was based in the city of <a href="/wiki/Gau%E1%B8%8Da_(city)" title="Gauḍa (city)">Lakhnauti</a> in <a href="/wiki/North_Bengal" title="North Bengal">northern Bengal</a>, later expanding eastwards and southwards. <a href="/wiki/Nasiruddin_Mahmud_(eldest_son_of_Iltutmish)" title="Nasiruddin Mahmud (eldest son of Iltutmish)">Nasiruddin Mahmud</a>, the son of <a href="/wiki/Mamluk_dynasty_(Delhi)" title="Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)">Mamluk sultan</a> <a href="/wiki/Iltutmish" title="Iltutmish">Iltutmish</a> of <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a> managed to conquer Bengal in 1227; although the Khaljis briefly reasserted their independence, they surrendered to the Mamluks in 1231, who replaced them with a series of regional governors. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khalji_dynasty_(Bengal)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origin_and_establishment">Origin and establishment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khalji_dynasty_(Bengal)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origin and establishment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_end_of_Buddhist_Monks,_A.D._1193.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/The_end_of_Buddhist_Monks%2C_A.D._1193.jpg/220px-The_end_of_Buddhist_Monks%2C_A.D._1193.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/The_end_of_Buddhist_Monks%2C_A.D._1193.jpg/330px-The_end_of_Buddhist_Monks%2C_A.D._1193.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/The_end_of_Buddhist_Monks%2C_A.D._1193.jpg/440px-The_end_of_Buddhist_Monks%2C_A.D._1193.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1868" data-file-height="2447" /></a><figcaption>An early 20th-century depiction of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_bin_Bakhtiyar_Khalji" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji">Muhammad Bhakhtiyar Khilji</a>'s conquest.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Bengal" title="History of Bengal">History of Bengal</a></div> <p>The Khalji dynasty was of <a href="/wiki/Turko-Afghan" class="mw-redirect" title="Turko-Afghan">Turko-Afghan</a><sup id="cite_ref-Indian_Institute_of_Advanced_Study_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Indian_Institute_of_Advanced_Study-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cambridge_University_Press_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cambridge_University_Press-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> origin whose ancestors, the <a href="/wiki/Khalaj_people" title="Khalaj people">Khalaj</a>, are said to have been initially a <a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic people</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Turkification" title="Turkification">Turkified</a> people<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of possibly of <a href="/wiki/Indo-Iranians" title="Indo-Iranians">Indo-Iranain</a> origin<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who migrated together with their ancestors the <a href="/wiki/Huna_people" title="Huna people">Hunas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hephthalites" title="Hephthalites">Hephthalites</a> from Central Asia,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> into the southern and eastern regions of modern-day <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> as early as 660 CE, where they ruled the region of Kabul as the Buddhist <a href="/wiki/Turk_Shahis" title="Turk Shahis">Turk Shahis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to R.S. Chaurasia, the Khaljis slowly inherited many Afghan habits and customs, and that they were treated as Afghans by the Turkic nobles of the Delhi Sultanate. Even to the point where Turkic nobles in the Delhi Sultanate opposed Khalji ascension to the throne of Delhi after the <a href="/wiki/Khalji_Revolution" title="Khalji Revolution">Khalji Revolution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ashirbadi2_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ashirbadi2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Eraly_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eraly-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Chaurasia_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chaurasia-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/The_New_Cambridge_History_of_Islam" title="The New Cambridge History of Islam">The New Cambridge History of Islam</a> in the thirteenth century the Khalji were regarded as a separate people distinct from the Turks. The so-called “Khalji revolution” was the transfer of power from a Turkish ruling elite to a non-Turkish one.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Wink" title="André Wink">André Wink</a> however, states that Khaljis were a <a href="/wiki/Turkification" title="Turkification">Turkicized</a> group and remnants of early <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a> nomads such as <a href="/wiki/Kushan_Empire" title="Kushan Empire">Kushans</a>, Hephthalites, and <a href="/wiki/Saka" title="Saka">Sakas</a> who later merged with the Afghans. Also, stating that "at that time they were not perceived as Turks or <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a>. Contemporary historians clearly distinguish the Khaljis from the Turks" <sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Khalaj are, according to <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Doerfer" title="Gerhard Doerfer">Doerfer</a>, perhaps of <a href="/wiki/Sogdia" title="Sogdia">Sogdians</a> who were Turkicized.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These Khalaj were later Afghanized and are believed to be the ancestors of <a href="/wiki/Ghilji" title="Ghilji">Ghilzai/Ghilji</a> Pashtuns.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many of them traced their origins to <a href="/wiki/Garmsir_District" title="Garmsir District">Garmsir</a> and under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_bin_Bakhtiyar_Khalji" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji">Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji</a>, they desired to be employed by the provincial Delhi army of the <a href="/wiki/Ghurid_dynasty" title="Ghurid dynasty">Ghurid Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sarkar_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sarkar-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After being refused rank by Delhi governor <a href="/wiki/Qutb_al-Din_Aibak" class="mw-redirect" title="Qutb al-Din Aibak">Qutb al-Din Aibak</a>, the Khaljis proceeded eastwards where they commanded different troops and were granted land-estates in places such as <a href="/wiki/Mirzapur_district" title="Mirzapur district">Mirzapur</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sarkar_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sarkar-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Siraj-548_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siraj-548-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a short amount of time, the Khaljis became established and Bakhtiyar began to successfully carry out raids towards the east. After subjugating <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a> in 1200,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> his forces entered <a href="/wiki/Nabadwip" title="Nabadwip">Nabadwip</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bengal" title="Bengal">Bengal</a> three years later. Subsequently, Bakhtiyar went on to capture the capital and the principal city, <a href="/wiki/Gau%E1%B8%8Da_(city)" title="Gauḍa (city)">Lakhnauti</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and conquered much of Bengal.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rule">Rule</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khalji_dynasty_(Bengal)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Given the considerable overland distance between Delhi and Bengal, the Khaljis had carved an independent territory of the own, establishing their own administration system. Bakhtiyar became the dynasty's first ruler, and the conquered territory was divided into <a href="/wiki/Jagir" title="Jagir">jagirs</a> which were granted to other Khalji tribesmen. <a href="/wiki/Iwaz_Khalji" title="Iwaz Khalji">Iwaz Khalji</a> was appointed to govern Kangori and <a href="/wiki/Ali_Mardan_Khalji" title="Ali Mardan Khalji">Ali Mardan Khalji</a> in Devkot.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bakhtiyar initiated his <a href="/wiki/Bakhtiyar_Khalji%27s_Tibet_campaign" title="Bakhtiyar Khalji's Tibet campaign">Tibet campaign</a> not long after, and so entrusted the capital, <a href="/wiki/Gau%E1%B8%8Da_(city)" title="Gauḍa (city)">Lakhnauti</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Shiran_Khalji" title="Muhammad Shiran Khalji">Muhammad Shiran Khalji</a>. Gathering his army in 1206, Bakhtiyar managed to also gain the support of tribal chief <a href="/wiki/Ali_Mech" title="Ali Mech">Ali Mech</a>, though this was not enough to gain victory over the Tibetans. Failing to conquer Tibet, Bakhtiyar returned to Devkot severely ill and with only one hundred men.<sup id="cite_ref-GillYule2010_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GillYule2010-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i><a href="/wiki/Tabaqat-i_Nasiri" title="Tabaqat-i Nasiri">Tabaqat-i Nasiri</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Minhaj-i_Siraj_Juzjani" title="Minhaj-i Siraj Juzjani">Minhaj-i Siraj Juzjani</a> states that Bakhtiyar died of illness, although it also mentions that some narrators considered <a href="/wiki/Ali_Mardan_Khalji" title="Ali Mardan Khalji">Ali Mardan Khalji</a> to have assassinated bed-ridden Bakhtiyar. Nevertheless, Bakhtiyar's death marked the beginning of an internal feud between his senior officers. Shiran, who was governing the capital, immediately visited Devkot where he paid his respects to his deceased leader and was nominated as Bakhtiyar's rightful successor by the Khalji nobles.<sup id="cite_ref-salim_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-salim-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shiran's first principal task was marching against Ali Mardan and his supporters who had fled to <a href="/wiki/Ghoraghat_Upazila" title="Ghoraghat Upazila">Ghoraghat</a>, and had Ali Mardan imprisoned by of Baba Isfahani, the local <i><a href="/wiki/Kotwal" title="Kotwal">kotwal</a></i>. Shiran maintained the former policies and reinstated the titles of the pro-Mardan rebels to maintain peace. This peace was however short-lived as Ali Mardan managed to escape the prison in 1208 and flee to the <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate">Delhi court</a> where he requested Sultan <a href="/wiki/Qutb_al-Din_Aibak" class="mw-redirect" title="Qutb al-Din Aibak">Qutb al-Din Aibak</a> to intervene. The Sultan dispatched an army under <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qaymaz_Rumi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qaymaz Rumi (page does not exist)">Qaymaz Rumi</a>, governor of <a href="/wiki/Awadh" title="Awadh">Awadh</a>; this was the first invasion of Bengal by the Delhi Sultanate. <a href="/wiki/Iwaz_Khalji" title="Iwaz Khalji">Iwaz Khalji</a> showed no hostility to the Delhi army as they marched through his <i><a href="/wiki/Jagir" title="Jagir">jagir</a></i> on the way to confront Shiran, which pleased Rumi. Shiran refused to surrender and a battle took place between the Khaljis and the Delhi forces. Upon the Delhi victory, Shiran fled to <a href="/wiki/Dhamoirhat_Upazila" title="Dhamoirhat Upazila">Mahisantosh</a> where he later died. Iwaz was thereafter appointed to govern Bengal under the vassalage of Delhi.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-social_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-social-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1210, Ali Mardan returned to Bengal and the governorship was conceded to him by Iwaz Khalji. After Sultan Aibak's death, Ali Mardan had the <i><a href="/wiki/Khutbah#Sovereign's_name" title="Khutbah">khutbah</a></i> (Friday sermon) read in his own name like his Khalji predecessors but also assumed the title of <i><a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">Sultan</a> Ala ad-Din</i>, which the former Khalji rulers had not done. According to the <i>Tabaqat</i>, he also executed a large number of Khalji noblemen. Variously described as a madman and tyrant, the Khalji nobles rejected Ali Mardan's rule and eventually conspired against him. The assassination of Ali Mardan marked the end of the internal feud, referred to as the "<i>Khalji Civil War</i>" by <a href="/wiki/Jadunath_Sarkar" title="Jadunath Sarkar">Jadunath Sarkar</a>. The Khalji nobles appointed Iwaz to return as Bengal's governor, though this time as an independent sultan.<sup id="cite_ref-Siraj-548_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siraj-548-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the absence of conflict, Iwaz Khalji managed to significantly develop the territory as its ruler. He founded Bengal's first naval force, innovated flood defence systems and linked Lakhnauti with the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Trunk_Road" title="Grand Trunk Road">Grand Trunk Road</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was the first Khalji ruler to officially declare independence as a Sultan, which caused conflict with Sultan <a href="/wiki/Iltutmish" title="Iltutmish">Iltutmish</a> of Delhi on more than one occasion.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his reign, invasions were carried out across <a href="/wiki/Vanga_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanga Kingdom">Vanga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tirhut" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirhut">Tirhut</a> and <a href="/wiki/Utkala_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Utkala Kingdom">Utkala</a> and the Khalji territory was expanded to its greatest extent.<sup id="cite_ref-fareast_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fareast-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1227, Iwaz was killed in battle by an army led by Iltutmish's son <a href="/wiki/Nasiruddin_Mahmud_(eldest_son_of_Iltutmish)" title="Nasiruddin Mahmud (eldest son of Iltutmish)">Nasiruddin Mahmud</a> who once again established Bengal as a province of the Delhi Sultanate.<sup id="cite_ref-fareast_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fareast-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Revival">Revival</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khalji_dynasty_(Bengal)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Revival"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Nasiruddin_Mahmud_(eldest_son_of_Iltutmish)" title="Nasiruddin Mahmud (eldest son of Iltutmish)">Nasiruddin Mahmud</a> died in 1229 and the Khaljis managed to briefly regain control. Historians differ as to whether it was one or two members of the Khalji tribe that ruled before the installation of <a href="/wiki/Alauddin_Jani" title="Alauddin Jani">Alauddin Jani</a> as Bengal's governor. Different manuscripts of the <i><a href="/wiki/Tabaqat-i_Nasiri" title="Tabaqat-i Nasiri">Tabaqat-i Nasiri</a></i> provide different names of Jani's predecessor(s). The chronicle mentions <a href="/wiki/Iltutmish" title="Iltutmish">Iltutmish</a> travelling to Bengal with the intention of suppressing <a href="/wiki/Balka_Khalji" title="Balka Khalji">Ikhtiyaruddin Balka Khalji</a>, who had rebelled after Mahmud's death. The 19th-century British historian <a href="/wiki/Henry_George_Raverty" title="Henry George Raverty">Henry George Raverty</a>, who first translated the book into English, found the mention of Ikhtiyaruddin Dawlat Shah Balka in two manuscripts, both of which claimed he was Iwaz's son. Other historians provide names like Iran Shah Balka Khalji. The English writer <a href="/wiki/Edward_Thomas_(antiquarian)" title="Edward Thomas (antiquarian)">Edward Thomas</a> discovered coins which bear the name of Dawlat Shah bin (son of) Mawdud in 627 AH (1230 CE).<sup id="cite_ref-salim_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-salim-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modern historians such as <a href="/wiki/Abu_Mohammed_Habibullah" title="Abu Mohammed Habibullah">Abu Mohammed Habibullah</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=ABM_Shamsuddin_Ahmed&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ABM Shamsuddin Ahmed (page does not exist)">ABM Shamsuddin Ahmed</a> are of the opinion that they are indeed two separate individuals. The former found the name Dawlat Shah Khalji among Iltutmish's regional officers, and considered Balka to be a different rebel.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, Ahmed wrote that Dawlat Shah bin Mawdud was ousted by fellow tribesman Balka Khalji who was opposed to Delhi overlordship, and was then replaced by Alauddin Jani by the Delhi administration.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_influence_and_legacy">Cultural influence and legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khalji_dynasty_(Bengal)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Cultural influence and legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Khaljis were the first Muslim dynasty to rule Bengal, and played a role in influencing <a href="/wiki/Muslim_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim culture">Muslim culture</a> in the region. The Persian historian <a href="/wiki/Minhaj-i_Siraj_Juzjani" title="Minhaj-i Siraj Juzjani">Minhaj-i Siraj Juzjani</a>, who was alive during the Khalji rule, credits Bakhtiyar for the construction of a <i><a href="/wiki/Madrasa" title="Madrasa">madrasa</a></i> (Islamic school), possibly the first in the Bengal region.<sup id="cite_ref-social_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-social-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 21st-century British historian <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Mojlum_Khan" title="Muhammad Mojlum Khan">Muhammad Mojlum Khan</a> describes Khalji as a "pioneer of Islamic thought, culture and civilisation".<sup id="cite_ref-mojlum_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mojlum-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ali_Mardan_Khalji" title="Ali Mardan Khalji">Ali Mardan Khalji</a> has also been credited for building mosques and bridges during his reign.<sup id="cite_ref-siddiq_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-siddiq-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Iwaz_Khalji" title="Iwaz Khalji">Iwaz Khalji</a> was the most notable patron of <a href="/wiki/Islamic_studies" title="Islamic studies">Islamic education</a> and culture in Khalji Bengal as he was known for establishing <a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">mosques</a>, colleges, <a href="/wiki/Caravanserai" title="Caravanserai">caravanserais</a> and giving pension to the <i><a href="/wiki/Ulama" title="Ulama">ulama</a></i> (Islamic scholars and teachers). He also arranged for the arrival of Muslim preachers from the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a> and <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a>; for example, Jalaluddin bin Jamaluddin Ghaznavi, who had travelled from the Ghurid capital <a href="/wiki/Firozkoh" title="Firozkoh">Firozkoh</a> to give religious lectures in the Khalji court, was awarded 18,000 <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_taka" title="History of the taka">takas</a> for this service.<sup id="cite_ref-begum_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-begum-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Siraj-548_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siraj-548-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Iwaz Khalji's son and heir, <a href="/wiki/Ali_Sher_Khalji" title="Ali Sher Khalji">Ali Sher Khalji</a>, was the governor of <a href="/wiki/Birbhum_district" title="Birbhum district">Birbhum</a> and northwestern Bengal during his father's reign.<sup id="cite_ref-siddiq_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-siddiq-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his governorship, a <i><a href="/wiki/Khanqah" class="mw-redirect" title="Khanqah">khanqah</a></i> was endowed by Ibn Muhammad of <a href="/wiki/Maragheh" title="Maragheh">Maragheh</a> in 7 <a href="/wiki/Jumada_al-Thani" title="Jumada al-Thani">Jumada al-Akhir</a> 618 <a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">AH</a> (August 1221) in <a href="/wiki/Bolpur_Sriniketan" title="Bolpur Sriniketan">Sian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suri_Sadar_subdivision" title="Suri Sadar subdivision">Suri Sadar</a>. This khanqah now holds the <a href="/wiki/Mazar_(mausoleum)" title="Mazar (mausoleum)">mazar (mausoleum)</a> of Muslim preacher Makhdum Shah.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Praising Sultan Iwaz Shah as <i>Burhan-i-<a href="/wiki/Amir_al-Mu%27minin" title="Amir al-Mu'minin">Amir al-Mu'minin</a></i>,> the khanqah contains the earliest known stone inscription mentioning a Muslim ruler in Bengal.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1230s, <a href="/wiki/Balka_Khalji" title="Balka Khalji">Khan Balka Khan</a> also commissioned a mosque in the village of Naohata in <a href="/wiki/Rajshahi" title="Rajshahi">Rajshahi</a> during his short-reign.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Muslims" title="Bengali Muslims">Bengali Muslims</a> continue to celebrate the achievements of Bakhtiyar and his dynasty, who first established <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> as Bengal's state religion. His name is frequently mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/Bengali_poetry" title="Bengali poetry">poetry</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>. In 1978, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mufakharul_Islam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mufakharul Islam (page does not exist)">Mufakharul Islam</a> glorified the Khalji conquest in <i>Jalali Kabutar</i> whilst award-winning poets <a href="/wiki/Al_Mahmud" title="Al Mahmud">Al Mahmud</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruhul_Amin_Khan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruhul Amin Khan (page does not exist)">Ruhul Amin Khan</a> demonstrated Khalji as a hero in their poems.<sup id="cite_ref-mojlum_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mojlum-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Locals have preserved the Pirpal Dargah of <a href="/wiki/Gangarampur_(community_development_block)" title="Gangarampur (community development block)">Narayanpur, Gangarampur</a> which contains Bakhtiyar's tomb as well as the tomb of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Shiran_Khalji" title="Muhammad Shiran Khalji">Muhammad Shiran Khalji</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dhamoirhat_Upazila" title="Dhamoirhat Upazila">Mahisantosh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coinage">Coinage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khalji_dynasty_(Bengal)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Coinage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Khalji dynasty of Bengal used an innovative coinage with the warlike imagery of an armed ruler on his horse. The legends were usually bilingual, using the <a href="/wiki/Nagari_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagari script">Nagari script</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic script</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FBF_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FBF-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SG_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SG-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 244.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 242.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bengal._Muhammad_Bakhtiyar_Khalji._1204-1206.Struck_in_the_name_of_Mu%27izz_al-Din_Muhammad_bin_Sam,_Dated_Samvat_1262_(1204_AD).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coinage of Bakhtiyar Khalji (1204–1206 CE). Struck in the name of Mu'izz al-Din Muhammad, dated Samvat 1262 (1204 CE). Obverse: Horseman with Nagari legend around: samvat 1262 bhadrapada "August, year 1262". Reverse: Nagari legend: srima ha/ mira mahama /da saamah "The Glorious Emir Mohammed [ibn] Sam".[47][48]"><img alt="Coinage of Bakhtiyar Khalji (1204–1206 CE). Struck in the name of Mu'izz al-Din Muhammad, dated Samvat 1262 (1204 CE). Obverse: Horseman with Nagari legend around: samvat 1262 bhadrapada "August, year 1262". Reverse: Nagari legend: srima ha/ mira mahama /da saamah "The Glorious Emir Mohammed [ibn] Sam".[47][48]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Bengal._Muhammad_Bakhtiyar_Khalji._1204-1206.Struck_in_the_name_of_Mu%27izz_al-Din_Muhammad_bin_Sam%2C_Dated_Samvat_1262_%281204_AD%29.jpg/364px-Bengal._Muhammad_Bakhtiyar_Khalji._1204-1206.Struck_in_the_name_of_Mu%27izz_al-Din_Muhammad_bin_Sam%2C_Dated_Samvat_1262_%281204_AD%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="243" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Bengal._Muhammad_Bakhtiyar_Khalji._1204-1206.Struck_in_the_name_of_Mu%27izz_al-Din_Muhammad_bin_Sam%2C_Dated_Samvat_1262_%281204_AD%29.jpg/546px-Bengal._Muhammad_Bakhtiyar_Khalji._1204-1206.Struck_in_the_name_of_Mu%27izz_al-Din_Muhammad_bin_Sam%2C_Dated_Samvat_1262_%281204_AD%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Bengal._Muhammad_Bakhtiyar_Khalji._1204-1206.Struck_in_the_name_of_Mu%27izz_al-Din_Muhammad_bin_Sam%2C_Dated_Samvat_1262_%281204_AD%29.jpg/728px-Bengal._Muhammad_Bakhtiyar_Khalji._1204-1206.Struck_in_the_name_of_Mu%27izz_al-Din_Muhammad_bin_Sam%2C_Dated_Samvat_1262_%281204_AD%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1222" data-file-height="605" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Coinage of <a href="/wiki/Bakhtiyar_Khalji" class="mw-redirect" title="Bakhtiyar Khalji">Bakhtiyar Khalji</a> (1204–1206 CE). Struck in the name of Mu'izz al-Din Muhammad, dated <a href="/wiki/Samvat" class="mw-redirect" title="Samvat">Samvat</a> 1262 (1204 CE).<br /><i>Obverse</i>: Horseman with <a href="/wiki/Nagari_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagari script">Nagari</a> legend around: <i><a href="/wiki/Samvat" class="mw-redirect" title="Samvat">samvat</a> 1262 <a href="/wiki/Bhadra_(Hindu_calendar)" title="Bhadra (Hindu calendar)">bhadrapada</a></i> "August, year 1262". <i>Reverse</i>: Nagari legend: <i>srima ha/ mira mahama /da saamah</i> "The Glorious Emir <a href="/wiki/Mu%27izz_al-Din_Muhammad" class="mw-redirect" title="Mu'izz al-Din Muhammad">Mohammed [ibn] Sam</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-FBF_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FBF-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SG_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SG-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 248px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 246px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bengal._Muhammad_Bakhtiyar_Khalji._AH_601-602_AD_1204-1206._AV_Fractional_Tanka_of_20_rati_(17mm,_2.30_g,_12h)._In_the_name_of_Mu%27izz_al-Din_Muhammad_bin_Sam,_Sultan_of_Delhi._Struck_AD_1204-1205.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Another type of Bengal coinage of Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji as Governor (1204–1206 CE). Obverse: horseman galloping, holding lance with Nagari legend around (śrīmat mahamada sāmaḥ "The Glorious Mohammed [ibn] Sam"). Reverse: name and titles of Mu'izz al-Din Muhammad bin Sam in Arabic. Struck AD 1204–1205.[47] This is his earliest coinage in Bengal, using both Sanskrit and Arabic legends.[49]"><img alt="Another type of Bengal coinage of Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji as Governor (1204–1206 CE). Obverse: horseman galloping, holding lance with Nagari legend around (śrīmat mahamada sāmaḥ "The Glorious Mohammed [ibn] Sam"). Reverse: name and titles of Mu'izz al-Din Muhammad bin Sam in Arabic. Struck AD 1204–1205.[47] This is his earliest coinage in Bengal, using both Sanskrit and Arabic legends.[49]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Bengal._Muhammad_Bakhtiyar_Khalji._AH_601-602_AD_1204-1206._AV_Fractional_Tanka_of_20_rati_%2817mm%2C_2.30_g%2C_12h%29._In_the_name_of_Mu%27izz_al-Din_Muhammad_bin_Sam%2C_Sultan_of_Delhi._Struck_AD_1204-1205.jpg/369px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="246" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Bengal._Muhammad_Bakhtiyar_Khalji._AH_601-602_AD_1204-1206._AV_Fractional_Tanka_of_20_rati_%2817mm%2C_2.30_g%2C_12h%29._In_the_name_of_Mu%27izz_al-Din_Muhammad_bin_Sam%2C_Sultan_of_Delhi._Struck_AD_1204-1205.jpg/553px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Bengal._Muhammad_Bakhtiyar_Khalji._AH_601-602_AD_1204-1206._AV_Fractional_Tanka_of_20_rati_%2817mm%2C_2.30_g%2C_12h%29._In_the_name_of_Mu%27izz_al-Din_Muhammad_bin_Sam%2C_Sultan_of_Delhi._Struck_AD_1204-1205.jpg/737px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="818" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Another type of Bengal coinage of Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji as Governor (1204–1206 CE). <i>Obverse</i>: horseman galloping, holding lance with Nagari legend around (<i><a href="/wiki/Sri" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri">śrīmat</a> <a href="/wiki/Mu%27izz_al-Din_Muhammad_bin_Sam" class="mw-redirect" title="Mu'izz al-Din Muhammad bin Sam">mahamada sāmaḥ</a></i> "The Glorious Mohammed [ibn] Sam"). <i>Reverse</i>: name and titles of <a href="/wiki/Mu%27izz_al-Din_Muhammad_bin_Sam" class="mw-redirect" title="Mu'izz al-Din Muhammad bin Sam">Mu'izz al-Din Muhammad bin Sam</a> in Arabic. Struck AD 1204–1205.<sup id="cite_ref-FBF_48-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FBF-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is his earliest coinage in Bengal, using both Sanskrit and Arabic legends.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 248px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 246px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Islamic_Sultanates._Bengal._Rukn_al-Din_%E2%80%98Ali_Mardan_1210-1212_CE.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coinage of Rukn al-Din ‘Ali Mardan 1210–1212 CE. Obverse: Horseman with mint and date formula around. Reverse: Name and titles of Rukn al-Din ‘Ali Mardan in five lines.[50]"><img alt="Coinage of Rukn al-Din ‘Ali Mardan 1210–1212 CE. Obverse: Horseman with mint and date formula around. Reverse: Name and titles of Rukn al-Din ‘Ali Mardan in five lines.[50]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Islamic_Sultanates._Bengal._Rukn_al-Din_%E2%80%98Ali_Mardan_1210-1212_CE.jpg/369px-Islamic_Sultanates._Bengal._Rukn_al-Din_%E2%80%98Ali_Mardan_1210-1212_CE.jpg" decoding="async" width="246" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Islamic_Sultanates._Bengal._Rukn_al-Din_%E2%80%98Ali_Mardan_1210-1212_CE.jpg/553px-Islamic_Sultanates._Bengal._Rukn_al-Din_%E2%80%98Ali_Mardan_1210-1212_CE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Islamic_Sultanates._Bengal._Rukn_al-Din_%E2%80%98Ali_Mardan_1210-1212_CE.jpg/737px-Islamic_Sultanates._Bengal._Rukn_al-Din_%E2%80%98Ali_Mardan_1210-1212_CE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="818" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Coinage of <a href="/wiki/Ali_Mardan_Khalji" title="Ali Mardan Khalji">Rukn al-Din ‘Ali Mardan</a> 1210–1212 CE. <i>Obverse</i>: Horseman with mint and date formula around. <i>Reverse</i>: Name and titles of Rukn al-Din ‘Ali Mardan in five lines.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 246.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 244.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Islamic_Sultanates._Bengal._Ghiyath_al-Din_%27Iwad._Governor,_AH_614-616_AD_1217-1220._Struck_in_the_name_of_Shams_al-Din_Iltutmish,_Sultan_of_Dehli.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coin of Iwaz Khalji. Governor of Bengal, AH 614-616 AD 1217–1220. Struck in the name of Shams al-Din Iltutmish, Sultan of Delhi. Dated AH 614 (AD 1217/8).[51]"><img alt="Coin of Iwaz Khalji. Governor of Bengal, AH 614-616 AD 1217–1220. Struck in the name of Shams al-Din Iltutmish, Sultan of Delhi. Dated AH 614 (AD 1217/8).[51]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Islamic_Sultanates._Bengal._Ghiyath_al-Din_%27Iwad._Governor%2C_AH_614-616_AD_1217-1220._Struck_in_the_name_of_Shams_al-Din_Iltutmish%2C_Sultan_of_Dehli.jpg/367px-Islamic_Sultanates._Bengal._Ghiyath_al-Din_%27Iwad._Governor%2C_AH_614-616_AD_1217-1220._Struck_in_the_name_of_Shams_al-Din_Iltutmish%2C_Sultan_of_Dehli.jpg" decoding="async" width="245" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Islamic_Sultanates._Bengal._Ghiyath_al-Din_%27Iwad._Governor%2C_AH_614-616_AD_1217-1220._Struck_in_the_name_of_Shams_al-Din_Iltutmish%2C_Sultan_of_Dehli.jpg/550px-Islamic_Sultanates._Bengal._Ghiyath_al-Din_%27Iwad._Governor%2C_AH_614-616_AD_1217-1220._Struck_in_the_name_of_Shams_al-Din_Iltutmish%2C_Sultan_of_Dehli.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Islamic_Sultanates._Bengal._Ghiyath_al-Din_%27Iwad._Governor%2C_AH_614-616_AD_1217-1220._Struck_in_the_name_of_Shams_al-Din_Iltutmish%2C_Sultan_of_Dehli.jpg/733px-Islamic_Sultanates._Bengal._Ghiyath_al-Din_%27Iwad._Governor%2C_AH_614-616_AD_1217-1220._Struck_in_the_name_of_Shams_al-Din_Iltutmish%2C_Sultan_of_Dehli.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1584" data-file-height="778" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Coin of <a href="/wiki/Iwaz_Khalji" title="Iwaz Khalji">Iwaz Khalji</a>. Governor of Bengal, AH 614-616 AD 1217–1220. Struck in the name of <a href="/wiki/Shams_al-Din_Iltutmish" class="mw-redirect" title="Shams al-Din Iltutmish">Shams al-Din Iltutmish</a>, Sultan of Delhi. Dated AH 614 (AD 1217/8).<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_rulers">List of rulers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khalji_dynasty_(Bengal)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: List of rulers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table width="100%" class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background-color:#F0DC88" width="20%">Titular Name(s) </th> <th style="background-color:#F0DC88" width="17%">Personal Name </th> <th style="background-color:#F0DC88" width="4%">Coinage </th> <th style="background-color:#F0DC88" width="7%">Reign </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><i>Malik al-Ghāzī Ikhtiyār ad-Dīn</i><br /><small><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ملک الغازی اختیار الدین</span></small><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>: <span lang="bn">মালিক আল-গাজী ইখতিয়ারউদ্দীন</span></small> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_bin_Bakhtiyar_Khalji" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji">Muhammad Bakhtiyār Khaljī</a><br /><small><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">محمد بختیار خلجی</span></small><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>: <span lang="bn">মুহম্মদ বখতিয়ার খলজী</span></small> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bengal._Muhammad_Bakhtiyar_Khalji._1204-1206.Struck_in_the_name_of_Mu%27izz_al-Din_Muhammad_bin_Sam,_Dated_Samvat_1262_(1204_AD).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Bengal._Muhammad_Bakhtiyar_Khalji._1204-1206.Struck_in_the_name_of_Mu%27izz_al-Din_Muhammad_bin_Sam%2C_Dated_Samvat_1262_%281204_AD%29.jpg/100px-Bengal._Muhammad_Bakhtiyar_Khalji._1204-1206.Struck_in_the_name_of_Mu%27izz_al-Din_Muhammad_bin_Sam%2C_Dated_Samvat_1262_%281204_AD%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Bengal._Muhammad_Bakhtiyar_Khalji._1204-1206.Struck_in_the_name_of_Mu%27izz_al-Din_Muhammad_bin_Sam%2C_Dated_Samvat_1262_%281204_AD%29.jpg/150px-Bengal._Muhammad_Bakhtiyar_Khalji._1204-1206.Struck_in_the_name_of_Mu%27izz_al-Din_Muhammad_bin_Sam%2C_Dated_Samvat_1262_%281204_AD%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Bengal._Muhammad_Bakhtiyar_Khalji._1204-1206.Struck_in_the_name_of_Mu%27izz_al-Din_Muhammad_bin_Sam%2C_Dated_Samvat_1262_%281204_AD%29.jpg/200px-Bengal._Muhammad_Bakhtiyar_Khalji._1204-1206.Struck_in_the_name_of_Mu%27izz_al-Din_Muhammad_bin_Sam%2C_Dated_Samvat_1262_%281204_AD%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1222" data-file-height="605" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center">1204–1206 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><i>Malik ʿIzz ad-Dīn</i><br /><small><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ملک عز الدین</span></small><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>: <span lang="bn">মালিক ইজ্জউদ্দীন</span></small> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Shiran_Khalji" title="Muhammad Shiran Khalji">Muhammad Sherān Khaljī</a><br /><small><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">محمد شیران خلجی</span></small><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>: <span lang="bn">মুহম্মদ শিরান খলজী</span></small> </td> <td style="text-align:center"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">1206–1208 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><i>Malik Husām ad-Dīn</i><br /><small><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ملک حسام الدین</span></small><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>: <span lang="bn">মালিক হুসামউদ্দীন</span></small> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Iwaz_Khalji" title="Iwaz Khalji">ʿIwaz bin Ḥusayn Khalji</a><br /><small><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">عوض بن حسین خلجی</span></small><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>: <span lang="bn">ইওজ বিন হোসেন খলজী</span></small> </td> <td style="text-align:center"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">(First term)<br />1208–1210 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><i>Malik Rukn ad-Dīn</i> / <i>Sultān ʿAlā ad-Dīn</i><br /><small><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">سلطان علاء الدین</span> / <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ملک ركن الدین</span></small><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>: <span lang="bn">মালিক রোকনউদ্দীন</span> / <span title="Bengali-language text"><span lang="bn">সুলতান আলাউদ্দীন</span></span></small> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Ali_Mardan_Khalji" title="Ali Mardan Khalji">ʿAlī Mardān Khaljī</a><br /><small><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">علی مردان خلجی</span></small><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>: <span lang="bn">আলী মর্দান খলজী</span></small> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Islamic_Sultanates._Bengal._Rukn_al-Din_%E2%80%98Ali_Mardan_1210-1212_CE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Islamic_Sultanates._Bengal._Rukn_al-Din_%E2%80%98Ali_Mardan_1210-1212_CE.jpg/100px-Islamic_Sultanates._Bengal._Rukn_al-Din_%E2%80%98Ali_Mardan_1210-1212_CE.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Islamic_Sultanates._Bengal._Rukn_al-Din_%E2%80%98Ali_Mardan_1210-1212_CE.jpg/150px-Islamic_Sultanates._Bengal._Rukn_al-Din_%E2%80%98Ali_Mardan_1210-1212_CE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Islamic_Sultanates._Bengal._Rukn_al-Din_%E2%80%98Ali_Mardan_1210-1212_CE.jpg/200px-Islamic_Sultanates._Bengal._Rukn_al-Din_%E2%80%98Ali_Mardan_1210-1212_CE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="818" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center">1210–1212 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><i>Sultān Ghiyāth ad-Dīn</i><br /><small><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">سلطان غیاث الدین</span></small><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>: <span lang="bn">সুলতান গিয়াসউদ্দীন</span></small> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Iwaz_Khalji" title="Iwaz Khalji">ʿIwaz Shāh</a><br /><small><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">عوض شاه</span></small><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>: <span lang="bn">ইওজ শাহ</span></small> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Islamic_Sultanates._Bengal._Ghiyath_al-Din_%27Iwad._Governor,_AH_614-616_AD_1217-1220._Struck_in_the_name_of_Shams_al-Din_Iltutmish,_Sultan_of_Dehli.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Islamic_Sultanates._Bengal._Ghiyath_al-Din_%27Iwad._Governor%2C_AH_614-616_AD_1217-1220._Struck_in_the_name_of_Shams_al-Din_Iltutmish%2C_Sultan_of_Dehli.jpg/100px-Islamic_Sultanates._Bengal._Ghiyath_al-Din_%27Iwad._Governor%2C_AH_614-616_AD_1217-1220._Struck_in_the_name_of_Shams_al-Din_Iltutmish%2C_Sultan_of_Dehli.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Islamic_Sultanates._Bengal._Ghiyath_al-Din_%27Iwad._Governor%2C_AH_614-616_AD_1217-1220._Struck_in_the_name_of_Shams_al-Din_Iltutmish%2C_Sultan_of_Dehli.jpg/150px-Islamic_Sultanates._Bengal._Ghiyath_al-Din_%27Iwad._Governor%2C_AH_614-616_AD_1217-1220._Struck_in_the_name_of_Shams_al-Din_Iltutmish%2C_Sultan_of_Dehli.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Islamic_Sultanates._Bengal._Ghiyath_al-Din_%27Iwad._Governor%2C_AH_614-616_AD_1217-1220._Struck_in_the_name_of_Shams_al-Din_Iltutmish%2C_Sultan_of_Dehli.jpg/200px-Islamic_Sultanates._Bengal._Ghiyath_al-Din_%27Iwad._Governor%2C_AH_614-616_AD_1217-1220._Struck_in_the_name_of_Shams_al-Din_Iltutmish%2C_Sultan_of_Dehli.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1584" data-file-height="778" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center">(Second term)<br />1212–1227 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:middle">Interregnum by <a href="/wiki/Nasiruddin_Mahmud_(eldest_son_of_Iltutmish)" title="Nasiruddin Mahmud (eldest son of Iltutmish)">Nasiruddin Mahmud</a> as Mamluk Delhi Sultanate Governor of Bengal </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><i>Shāhanshāh ʿAlā ad-Dīn</i><br /><small><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">شاهنشاه علاء الدین</span></small><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>: <span lang="bn">শাহেনশাহ আলাউদ্দীন</span></small> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alauddin_Dawlat_Shah_Khalji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alauddin Dawlat Shah Khalji (page does not exist)">Dawlat Shāh bin Mawdūd</a><br /><small><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">دولت شاه بن مودود</span></small><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>: <span lang="bn">দৌলত শাহ বিন মওদূদ</span></small> </td> <td style="text-align:center"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">1229–1230 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><i>Malik Ikhtiyār ad-Dīn</i><br /><small><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ملک اختیار الدین</span></small><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>: <span lang="bn">মালিক ইখতিয়ারউদ্দীন</span></small> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Balka_Khalji" title="Balka Khalji">Balkā Khaljī</a><br /><small><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">بلکا خلجی</span></small><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>: <span lang="bn">বলকা খলজী</span></small> </td> <td style="text-align:center"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">1231 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>In the following period, <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Bengal#Delhi_Sultanate_era" title="List of rulers of Bengal">various Governors of Bengal</a> under the Mamluk dynasty followed (1231–1287), some of them at time claiming independence. From 1287, a <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Bengal#Delhi_Sultanate_era" title="List of rulers of Bengal">Balban dynasty of Lakhnauti</a> declared independence from the Mamluks (1287–1324), until <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Bengal#Governors_of_Bengal_under_Tughlaq_dynasty_(1324–1338)" title="List of rulers of Bengal">new Governors of Bengal</a> were appointed under the <a href="/wiki/Tughlaq_dynasty" title="Tughlaq dynasty">Tughlaq dynasty</a> (1324–1338).<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khalji_dynasty_(Bengal)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Bengal#Delhi_Sultanate_period" title="List of rulers of Bengal">List of rulers of Bengal (Delhi Sultanate era)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bangladesh" title="History of Bangladesh">History of Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bengal" title="History of Bengal">History of Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sunni_Muslim_dynasties" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Sunni Muslim dynasties">List of Sunni Muslim dynasties</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khalji_dynasty_(Bengal)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Despite Ali Mardan also claiming the title of <i>Sultan</i>, his rule was considered illegitimate by the Khalji nobles themselves which was the reason for his assassination.<sup id="cite_ref-Siraj-548_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siraj-548-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khalji_dynasty_(Bengal)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSchwartzberg1978" class="citation book cs1">Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=185"><i>A Historical atlas of South Asia</i></a>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 37, 147. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0226742210" title="Special:BookSources/0226742210"><bdi>0226742210</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Historical+atlas+of+South+Asia&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pages=37%2C+147&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=0226742210&rft.aulast=Schwartzberg&rft.aufirst=Joseph+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdsal.uchicago.edu%2Freference%2Fschwartzberg%2Fpager.html%3Fobject%3D185&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalji+dynasty+%28Bengal%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-social-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-social_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-social_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-social_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbdul_Karim1959" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Karim_(historian)" title="Abdul Karim (historian)">Abdul Karim</a> (1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/SocialHistoryOfTheMuslimsInBengalDownToA.D.1538-AbdulKarim/page/n53/mode/2up"><i>Social History of the Muslims in Bengal (Down to A.D. 1538)</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Asiatic_Society_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Asiatic Society of Pakistan">Asiatic Society of Pakistan</a>. p. 42.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Social+History+of+the+Muslims+in+Bengal+%28Down+to+A.D.+1538%29&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=Asiatic+Society+of+Pakistan&rft.date=1959&rft.au=Abdul+Karim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FSocialHistoryOfTheMuslimsInBengalDownToA.D.1538-AbdulKarim%2Fpage%2Fn53%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalji+dynasty+%28Bengal%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Know_Your_State_West_Bengal-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Know_Your_State_West_Bengal_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Know_Your_State_West_Bengal_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Know Your State West Bengal</i>. Arihant Experts. 2019. p. 15. <q>Turk-Afghan Rule: Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khilji's invasion to Bengal marked the advent of Turk-Afghan rule in Bengal.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Know+Your+State+West+Bengal&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=Arihant+Experts&rft.date=2019&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalji+dynasty+%28Bengal%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChandra2004" class="citation book cs1">Chandra, Satish (2004). <i>Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanat (1206–1526)</i>. p. 226. <q>Although the Afghans formed a large group in the army of the Delhi Sultanat, only few Afghan nobles had been accorded important positions. That is why Bakhtiyar Khalji who was part – Afghan had to seek his fortune in Bihar and Bengal.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+India%3A+From+Sultanat+to+the+Mughals-Delhi+Sultanat+%281206%E2%80%931526%29&rft.pages=226&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Chandra&rft.aufirst=Satish&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalji+dynasty+%28Bengal%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChandra2004" class="citation book cs1">Chandra, Satish (2004). <i>Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanat (1206–1526)</i>. p. 226. <q>Although the Afghans formed a large group in the army of the Delhi Sultanat, only few Afghan nobles had been accorded important positions . That is why Bakhtiyar Khalji who was part – Afghan had to seek his fortune in Bihar and Bengal .</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+India%3A+From+Sultanat+to+the+Mughals-Delhi+Sultanat+%281206%E2%80%931526%29&rft.pages=226&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Chandra&rft.aufirst=Satish&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalji+dynasty+%28Bengal%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hutchinsonsstory00londuoft/page/169/mode/1up"><i>Hutchinson's story of the nations, containing the Egyptians, the Chinese, India, the Babylonian nation, the Hittites, the Assyrians, the Phoenicians and the Carthaginians, the Phrygians, the Lydians, and other nations of Asia Minor</i></a>. London, Hutchinson. 1910. p. 169.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hutchinson%27s+story+of+the+nations%2C+containing+the+Egyptians%2C+the+Chinese%2C+India%2C+the+Babylonian+nation%2C+the+Hittites%2C+the+Assyrians%2C+the+Phoenicians+and+the+Carthaginians%2C+the+Phrygians%2C+the+Lydians%2C+and+other+nations+of+Asia+Minor&rft.pages=169&rft.pub=London%2C+Hutchinson&rft.date=1910&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhutchinsonsstory00londuoft%2Fpage%2F169%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalji+dynasty+%28Bengal%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Indian_Institute_of_Advanced_Study-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Indian_Institute_of_Advanced_Study_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhan1971" class="citation book cs1">Khan, Yusuf Husain (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=a-_2b1sxbtAC&q=turco-afghan+khalji"><i>Indo-Muslim Polity (Turko-Afghan Period)</i></a>. Indian Institute of Advanced Study.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indo-Muslim+Polity+%28Turko-Afghan+Period%29&rft.pub=Indian+Institute+of+Advanced+Study&rft.date=1971&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Yusuf+Husain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Da-_2b1sxbtAC%26q%3Dturco-afghan%2Bkhalji&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalji+dynasty+%28Bengal%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cambridge_University_Press-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cambridge_University_Press_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFisher2018" class="citation book cs1">Fisher, Michael H. (18 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kZVuDwAAQBAJ&q=turco-afghan+khalji&pg=PA86"><i>An Environmental History of India: From Earliest Times to the Twenty-First Century</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-11162-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-11162-2"><bdi>978-1-107-11162-2</bdi></a>. <q>In 1290, the Turk-Afghan Khalji clan ended the first mamluk dynasty and then ruled in Delhi until one of their own Turkish mamluk commanders rebelled and established his own Tugluq dynasty</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Environmental+History+of+India%3A+From+Earliest+Times+to+the+Twenty-First+Century&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2018-10-18&rft.isbn=978-1-107-11162-2&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=Michael+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkZVuDwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dturco-afghan%2Bkhalji%26pg%3DPA86&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalji+dynasty+%28Bengal%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSatish_Chandra2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Satish_Chandra_(historian)" title="Satish Chandra (historian)">Satish Chandra</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qHnHHwAACAAJ"><i>History of Medieval India:800-1700</i></a>. Orient Longman. p. 93. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-250-3226-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-250-3226-7"><bdi>978-81-250-3226-7</bdi></a>. <q>The Khalji rebellion was welcomed by the non-Turkish sections in the nobility. The Khaljis who were of a mixed Turkish-Afghan origin, did not exclude the Turks from high offices, but the rise of the Khaljis to power ended the Turkish monopoly of high offices</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Medieval+India%3A800-1700&rft.pages=93&rft.pub=Orient+Longman&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-81-250-3226-7&rft.au=Satish+Chandra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqHnHHwAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalji+dynasty+%28Bengal%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWink2020" class="citation book cs1">Wink, Andre (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H43zDwAAQBAJ&dq=kabul+shahi+not+turk&pg=PA63"><i>The Making of the Indo-Islamic World C.700–1800 CE</i></a>. Cambridge University. p. 63. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781108284752" title="Special:BookSources/9781108284752"><bdi>9781108284752</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+the+Indo-Islamic+World+C.700%E2%80%931800+CE&rft.pages=63&rft.pub=Cambridge+University&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9781108284752&rft.aulast=Wink&rft.aufirst=Andre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DH43zDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dkabul%2Bshahi%2Bnot%2Bturk%26pg%3DPA63&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalji+dynasty+%28Bengal%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/khalaj-i-tribe-turkistan">"ḴALAJ i. TRIBE"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E1%B8%B4ALAJ+i.+TRIBE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fkhalaj-i-tribe-turkistan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalji+dynasty+%28Bengal%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iranicaonline.org/articles/khalaj-i-tribe-turkistan">"ḴALAJ i. TRIBE – Encyclopaedia Iranica"</a>. <i>iranicaonline.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=iranicaonline.org&rft.atitle=%E1%B8%B4ALAJ+i.+TRIBE+%E2%80%93+Encyclopaedia+Iranica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Firanicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fkhalaj-i-tribe-turkistan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalji+dynasty+%28Bengal%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRezakhani2017" class="citation book cs1">Rezakhani, Khodadad (15 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bjRWDwAAQBAJ&q=Turk+shahis+khalaj&pg=PA165"><i>ReOrienting the Sasanians: East Iran in Late Antiquity</i></a>. Edinburgh University Press. p. 165. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4744-0030-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4744-0030-5"><bdi>978-1-4744-0030-5</bdi></a>. <q>A Bactrian Document (BD T) from this period brings interesting information about the area to our attention. In it, dated to BE 476 (701 AD), a princess identified as `Bag-aziyas, the Great Turkish Princess, the Queen of Qutlugh Tapaghligh Bilga Sävüg, the Princess of the Khalach, the Lady of Kadagestan offers alms to the local god of the region of Rob, known as Kamird, for the health of (her) child. Inaba, arguing for the Khalaj identity of the kings of Kabul, takes this document as a proof that the Khalaj princess is from Kabul and has been offered to the (Hephthalite) king of Kadagestan, thus becoming the lady of that region. The identification of Kadagestan as a Hephthalite stronghold is based on Grenet's suggestion of the survival of Hephthalite minor stares in this region,' and is in con-</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ReOrienting+the+Sasanians%3A+East+Iran+in+Late+Antiquity&rft.pages=165&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2017-03-15&rft.isbn=978-1-4744-0030-5&rft.aulast=Rezakhani&rft.aufirst=Khodadad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbjRWDwAAQBAJ%26q%3DTurk%2Bshahis%2Bkhalaj%26pg%3DPA165&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalji+dynasty+%28Bengal%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ashirbadi2-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ashirbadi2_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAshirbadi_Lal_Srivastava1966">Ashirbadi Lal Srivastava 1966</a>, p. 98: "His ancestors, after having migrated from Turkistan, had lived for over 200 years in the Helmand valley and Lamghan, parts of Afghanistan called Garmasir or the hot region, and had adopted Afghan manners and customs. They were, therefore, looked upon as Afghans by the Turkish nobles in India as they had intermarried with local Afghans and adopted their customs and manners. They were looked down as non Turks by Turks."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Eraly-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Eraly_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbraham_Eraly2015" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Eraly" title="Abraham Eraly">Abraham Eraly</a> (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vyEoAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT178"><i>The Age of Wrath: A History of the Delhi Sultanate</i></a>. Penguin Books. p. 126. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-5118-658-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-5118-658-8"><bdi>978-93-5118-658-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Age+of+Wrath%3A+A+History+of+the+Delhi+Sultanate&rft.pages=126&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-93-5118-658-8&rft.au=Abraham+Eraly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvyEoAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT178&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalji+dynasty+%28Bengal%29" class="Z3988"></span> "The prejudice of Turks was however misplaced in this case, for Khaljis were actually ethnic Turks. But they had settled in Afghanistan long before the Turkish rule was established there, and had over the centuries adopted Afghan customs and practices, intermarried with the local people, and were therefore looked down on as non-Turks by pure-bred Turks."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chaurasia-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chaurasia_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRadhey_Shyam_Chaurasia2002" class="citation book cs1">Radhey Shyam Chaurasia (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8XnaL7zPXPUC"><i>History of medieval India: from 1000 A.D. to 1707 A.D.</i></a> Atlantic. p. 28. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-269-0123-3" title="Special:BookSources/81-269-0123-3"><bdi>81-269-0123-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+medieval+India%3A+from+1000+A.D.+to+1707+A.D.&rft.pages=28&rft.pub=Atlantic&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=81-269-0123-3&rft.au=Radhey+Shyam+Chaurasia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8XnaL7zPXPUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalji+dynasty+%28Bengal%29" class="Z3988"></span> "The Khaljis were a Turkish tribe but having been long domiciled in Afghanistan, had adopted some Afghan habits and customs. They were treated as Afghans in Delhi Court. They were regarded as barbarians. The Turkish nobles had opposed the ascent of Jalal-ud-din to the throne of Delhi."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ANiaBAAAQBAJ&dq=%C2%A0seventh/thirteenth+century+they+were+regarded+as+a+separate+people,+distinct+from+the+Turks&pg=PT185"><i>The New Cambridge History of Islam</i></a> (Volume 3 ed.). Cambridge University Press. 2010. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781316184363" title="Special:BookSources/9781316184363"><bdi>9781316184363</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Cambridge+History+of+Islam&rft.edition=Volume+3&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781316184363&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DANiaBAAAQBAJ%26dq%3D%25C2%25A0seventh%2Fthirteenth%2Bcentury%2Bthey%2Bwere%2Bregarded%2Bas%2Ba%2Bseparate%2Bpeople%2C%2Bdistinct%2Bfrom%2Bthe%2BTurks%26pg%3DPT185&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalji+dynasty+%28Bengal%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWink2020" class="citation book cs1">Wink, André (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uPXvDwAAQBAJ&q=The+Making+of+the+Indo-Islamic+World%0A%0AC.700-1800+CE+archive+org"><i>The Making of the Indo-Islamic World C.700-1800 CE</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 80. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781108417747" title="Special:BookSources/9781108417747"><bdi>9781108417747</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+the+Indo-Islamic+World+C.700-1800+CE&rft.pages=80&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9781108417747&rft.aulast=Wink&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuPXvDwAAQBAJ%26q%3DThe%2BMaking%2Bof%2Bthe%2BIndo-Islamic%2BWorld%250A%250AC.700-1800%2BCE%2Barchive%2Borg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalji+dynasty+%28Bengal%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWink1991" class="citation book cs1">Wink, André (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=75FlxDhZWpwC&dq=khalaj+merged+with+afghana&pg=PA116"><i>Al-Hind, the Making of the Indo-Islamic World</i></a> (Volume 2 ed.). E.J. Brill. p. 116. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9004102361" title="Special:BookSources/9004102361"><bdi>9004102361</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Al-Hind%2C+the+Making+of+the+Indo-Islamic+World&rft.pages=116&rft.edition=Volume+2&rft.pub=E.J.+Brill&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=9004102361&rft.aulast=Wink&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D75FlxDhZWpwC%26dq%3Dkhalaj%2Bmerged%2Bwith%2Bafghana%26pg%3DPA116&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalji+dynasty+%28Bengal%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PhIeEAAAQBAJ&dq=arghu+sogdian&pg=PA469"><i>Verb-Verb Complexes in Asian Languages</i></a>. Oxford University Press. 2021. p. 469. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780191077432" title="Special:BookSources/9780191077432"><bdi>9780191077432</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Verb-Verb+Complexes+in+Asian+Languages&rft.pages=469&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9780191077432&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPhIeEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3Darghu%2Bsogdian%26pg%3DPA469&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalji+dynasty+%28Bengal%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinorsky1978" class="citation book cs1">Minorsky, Vladimir (1978). <i>The Turks, Iran and the Caucasus in the Middle Ages</i>. Variorum Reprints. p. 53. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780860780281" title="Special:BookSources/9780860780281"><bdi>9780860780281</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Turks%2C+Iran+and+the+Caucasus+in+the+Middle+Ages&rft.pages=53&rft.pub=Variorum+Reprints&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=9780860780281&rft.aulast=Minorsky&rft.aufirst=Vladimir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalji+dynasty+%28Bengal%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sarkar-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sarkar_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sarkar_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSarkar1973" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/Jadunath_Sarkar" title="Jadunath Sarkar">Sarkar, Jadunath</a>, ed. (1973) [First published 1948]. <i>The History of Bengal</i>. Vol. II: Muslim Period, 1200–1757. <a href="/wiki/Patna" title="Patna">Patna</a>: Academica Asiatica. pp. 3–8. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/924890">924890</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Bengal&rft.place=Patna&rft.pages=3-8&rft.pub=Academica+Asiatica&rft.date=1973&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F924890&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalji+dynasty+%28Bengal%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Siraj-548-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Siraj-548_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siraj-548_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siraj-548_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siraj-548_23-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinhāju-s_Sirāj1881" class="citation book cs1">Minhāju-s Sirāj (1881). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=u_ixTEEz8ssC&pg=548"><i>Tabaḳāt-i-nāsiri: a general history of the Muhammadan dynastics of Asia, including Hindustān, from A.H. 194 (810 A.D.) to A.H. 658 (1260 A.D.) and the irruption of the infidel Mughals into Islām</i></a>. Bibliotheca Indica #78. Vol. 1. Translated by <a href="/wiki/Henry_George_Raverty" title="Henry George Raverty">Henry George Raverty</a>. Calcutta, India: Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal (printed by Gilbert & Rivington). p. 548.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Taba%E1%B8%B3%C4%81t-i-n%C4%81siri%3A+a+general+history+of+the+Muhammadan+dynastics+of+Asia%2C+including+Hindust%C4%81n%2C+from+A.H.+194+%28810+A.D.%29+to+A.H.+658+%281260+A.D.%29+and+the+irruption+of+the+infidel+Mughals+into+Isl%C4%81m&rft.place=Calcutta%2C+India&rft.series=Bibliotheca+Indica+%2378&rft.pages=548&rft.pub=Royal+Asiatic+Society+of+Bengal+%28printed+by+Gilbert+%26+Rivington%29&rft.date=1881&rft.au=Minh%C4%81ju-s+Sir%C4%81j&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Du_ixTEEz8ssC%26pg%3D548&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalji+dynasty+%28Bengal%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSarkar1973" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jadunath_Sarkar" title="Jadunath Sarkar">Sarkar, Jadunath</a>, ed. (1973) [First published 1948]. <i>The History of Bengal</i>. Vol. II. Patna: Academica Asiatica. p. 3. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/924890">924890</a>. <q>Bakhtyār led his army a second time in the direction of Bihar in the year... 1200 A.D.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Bengal&rft.place=Patna&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Academica+Asiatica&rft.date=1973&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F924890&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalji+dynasty+%28Bengal%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSarkar1973" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jadunath_Sarkar" title="Jadunath Sarkar">Sarkar, Jadunath</a>, ed. (1973) [First published 1948]. <i>The History of Bengal</i>. Vol. II. Patna: Academica Asiatica. p. 8. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/924890">924890</a>. <q>Bakhtyār fairly completed his conquest of the Varendra tract with the ... city of Gaur before the year 599 A.H.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Bengal&rft.place=Patna&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Academica+Asiatica&rft.date=1973&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F924890&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalji+dynasty+%28Bengal%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSen1954" class="citation book cs1">Sen, Amulyachandra (1954). <i>Rajagriha and Nalanda</i>. Institute of Indology. Vol. 4. Calcutta: Calcutta Institute of Indology, Indian Publicity Society. p. 52. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/28533779">28533779</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rajagriha+and+Nalanda&rft.place=Calcutta&rft.series=Institute+of+Indology&rft.pages=52&rft.pub=Calcutta+Institute+of+Indology%2C+Indian+Publicity+Society&rft.date=1954&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F28533779&rft.aulast=Sen&rft.aufirst=Amulyachandra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalji+dynasty+%28Bengal%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmed,_ABM_Shamsuddin2012" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Ahmed, ABM Shamsuddin (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Iwaz_Khalji">"Iwaz Khalji"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Sirajul_Islam" title="Sirajul Islam">Sirajul Islam</a>; Miah, Sajahan; <a href="/wiki/Mahfuza_Khanam" title="Mahfuza Khanam">Khanam, Mahfuza</a>; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/Banglapedia" title="Banglapedia">Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh</a></i> (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, <a href="/wiki/Asiatic_Society_of_Bangladesh" title="Asiatic Society of Bangladesh">Asiatic Society of Bangladesh</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/984-32-0576-6" title="Special:BookSources/984-32-0576-6"><bdi>984-32-0576-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/52727562">52727562</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL30677644M">30677644M</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Iwaz+Khalji&rft.btitle=Banglapedia%3A+the+National+Encyclopedia+of+Bangladesh&rft.place=Dhaka%2C+Bangladesh&rft.edition=Online&rft.pub=Banglapedia+Trust%2C+Asiatic+Society+of+Bangladesh&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F52727562&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL30677644M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=984-32-0576-6&rft.au=Ahmed%2C+ABM+Shamsuddin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.banglapedia.org%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DIwaz_Khalji&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalji+dynasty+%28Bengal%29" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GillYule2010-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GillYule2010_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_John_GillHenry_Yule2010" class="citation book cs1">William John Gill; Henry Yule (9 September 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Uuk2OQeMwsMC&pg=PA43"><i>The River of Golden Sand: The Narrative of a Journey Through China and Eastern Tibet to Burmah</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 43. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-108-01953-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-108-01953-8"><bdi>978-1-108-01953-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+River+of+Golden+Sand%3A+The+Narrative+of+a+Journey+Through+China+and+Eastern+Tibet+to+Burmah&rft.pages=43&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010-09-09&rft.isbn=978-1-108-01953-8&rft.au=William+John+Gill&rft.au=Henry+Yule&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUuk2OQeMwsMC%26pg%3DPA43&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalji+dynasty+%28Bengal%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-salim-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-salim_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-salim_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalimtr._from_PersianAbdus_Salam1902" class="citation book cs1">Salim, Gulam Hussain; tr. from Persian; Abdus Salam (1902). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/riyazussalatinhi00saliuoft/page/n68/mode/2up"><i>Riyazu-s-Salatin: History of Bengal</i></a>. Asiatic Society, Baptist Mission Press. pp. 69–73. <q>all the Khilji nobles acknowledged him as their chief and paid homage to him.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Riyazu-s-Salatin%3A+History+of+Bengal&rft.pages=69-73&rft.pub=Asiatic+Society%2C+Baptist+Mission+Press&rft.date=1902&rft.aulast=Salim&rft.aufirst=Gulam+Hussain&rft.au=tr.+from+Persian&rft.au=Abdus+Salam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Friyazussalatinhi00saliuoft%2Fpage%2Fn68%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalji+dynasty+%28Bengal%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHussain,_Delwar2012" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Hussain, Delwar (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=History">"History"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Sirajul_Islam" title="Sirajul Islam">Sirajul Islam</a>; Miah, Sajahan; <a href="/wiki/Mahfuza_Khanam" title="Mahfuza Khanam">Khanam, Mahfuza</a>; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/Banglapedia" title="Banglapedia">Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh</a></i> (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, <a href="/wiki/Asiatic_Society_of_Bangladesh" title="Asiatic Society of Bangladesh">Asiatic Society of Bangladesh</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/984-32-0576-6" title="Special:BookSources/984-32-0576-6"><bdi>984-32-0576-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/52727562">52727562</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL30677644M">30677644M</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=History&rft.btitle=Banglapedia%3A+the+National+Encyclopedia+of+Bangladesh&rft.place=Dhaka%2C+Bangladesh&rft.edition=Online&rft.pub=Banglapedia+Trust%2C+Asiatic+Society+of+Bangladesh&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F52727562&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL30677644M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=984-32-0576-6&rft.au=Hussain%2C+Delwar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.banglapedia.org%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DHistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalji+dynasty+%28Bengal%29" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSirajul_IslamMiahKhanamAhmed2012" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sirajul_Islam" title="Sirajul Islam">Sirajul Islam</a>; Miah, Sajahan; <a href="/wiki/Mahfuza_Khanam" title="Mahfuza Khanam">Khanam, Mahfuza</a>; Ahmed, Sabbir, eds. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Embankment">"Embankment"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Banglapedia" title="Banglapedia">Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh</a></i> (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, <a href="/wiki/Asiatic_Society_of_Bangladesh" title="Asiatic Society of Bangladesh">Asiatic Society of Bangladesh</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/984-32-0576-6" title="Special:BookSources/984-32-0576-6"><bdi>984-32-0576-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/52727562">52727562</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL30677644M">30677644M</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Embankment&rft.btitle=Banglapedia%3A+the+National+Encyclopedia+of+Bangladesh&rft.place=Dhaka%2C+Bangladesh&rft.edition=Online&rft.pub=Banglapedia+Trust%2C+Asiatic+Society+of+Bangladesh&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F52727562&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL30677644M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=984-32-0576-6&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.banglapedia.org%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DEmbankment&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalji+dynasty+%28Bengal%29" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbdul_Karim2012" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Karim_(historian)" title="Abdul Karim (historian)">Abdul Karim</a> (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Turks,_The">"Turks, The"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Sirajul_Islam" title="Sirajul Islam">Sirajul Islam</a>; Miah, Sajahan; <a href="/wiki/Mahfuza_Khanam" title="Mahfuza Khanam">Khanam, Mahfuza</a>; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/Banglapedia" title="Banglapedia">Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh</a></i> (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, <a href="/wiki/Asiatic_Society_of_Bangladesh" title="Asiatic Society of Bangladesh">Asiatic Society of Bangladesh</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/984-32-0576-6" title="Special:BookSources/984-32-0576-6"><bdi>984-32-0576-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/52727562">52727562</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL30677644M">30677644M</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Turks%2C+The&rft.btitle=Banglapedia%3A+the+National+Encyclopedia+of+Bangladesh&rft.place=Dhaka%2C+Bangladesh&rft.edition=Online&rft.pub=Banglapedia+Trust%2C+Asiatic+Society+of+Bangladesh&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F52727562&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL30677644M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=984-32-0576-6&rft.au=Abdul+Karim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.banglapedia.org%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DTurks%2C_The&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalji+dynasty+%28Bengal%29" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSirajul_IslamMiahKhanamAhmed2012" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sirajul_Islam" title="Sirajul Islam">Sirajul Islam</a>; Miah, Sajahan; <a href="/wiki/Mahfuza_Khanam" title="Mahfuza Khanam">Khanam, Mahfuza</a>; Ahmed, Sabbir, eds. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Military">"Military"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Banglapedia" title="Banglapedia">Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh</a></i> (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, <a href="/wiki/Asiatic_Society_of_Bangladesh" title="Asiatic Society of Bangladesh">Asiatic Society of Bangladesh</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/984-32-0576-6" title="Special:BookSources/984-32-0576-6"><bdi>984-32-0576-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/52727562">52727562</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL30677644M">30677644M</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Military&rft.btitle=Banglapedia%3A+the+National+Encyclopedia+of+Bangladesh&rft.place=Dhaka%2C+Bangladesh&rft.edition=Online&rft.pub=Banglapedia+Trust%2C+Asiatic+Society+of+Bangladesh&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F52727562&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL30677644M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=984-32-0576-6&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.banglapedia.org%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DMilitary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalji+dynasty+%28Bengal%29" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fareast-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fareast_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fareast_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsFarEast/IndiaBengal.htm">"Far East Kingdoms : South Asia"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190411125301/https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsFarEast/IndiaBengal.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 11 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Far+East+Kingdoms+%3A+South+Asia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historyfiles.co.uk%2FKingListsFarEast%2FIndiaBengal.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalji+dynasty+%28Bengal%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHabibullah,_Abu_Mohammed1961" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Abu_Mohammed_Habibullah" title="Abu Mohammed Habibullah">Habibullah, Abu Mohammed</a> (1961). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12739/page/n105/mode/2up"><i>The foundation of Muslim rule in India</i></a>. Central Book Depot.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+foundation+of+Muslim+rule+in+India&rft.pub=Central+Book+Depot&rft.date=1961&rft.au=Habibullah%2C+Abu+Mohammed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdli.bengal.10689.12739%2Fpage%2Fn105%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalji+dynasty+%28Bengal%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmed,_ABM_Shamsuddin2012" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Ahmed, ABM Shamsuddin (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Daulat_Shah_Bin_Maudud">"Daulat Shah Bin Maudud"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Sirajul_Islam" title="Sirajul Islam">Sirajul Islam</a>; Miah, Sajahan; <a href="/wiki/Mahfuza_Khanam" title="Mahfuza Khanam">Khanam, Mahfuza</a>; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/Banglapedia" title="Banglapedia">Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh</a></i> (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, <a href="/wiki/Asiatic_Society_of_Bangladesh" title="Asiatic Society of Bangladesh">Asiatic Society of Bangladesh</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/984-32-0576-6" title="Special:BookSources/984-32-0576-6"><bdi>984-32-0576-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/52727562">52727562</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL30677644M">30677644M</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Daulat+Shah+Bin+Maudud&rft.btitle=Banglapedia%3A+the+National+Encyclopedia+of+Bangladesh&rft.place=Dhaka%2C+Bangladesh&rft.edition=Online&rft.pub=Banglapedia+Trust%2C+Asiatic+Society+of+Bangladesh&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F52727562&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL30677644M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=984-32-0576-6&rft.au=Ahmed%2C+ABM+Shamsuddin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.banglapedia.org%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DDaulat_Shah_Bin_Maudud&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalji+dynasty+%28Bengal%29" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmed,_ABM_Shamsuddin2012" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Ahmed, ABM Shamsuddin (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Balka_Khalji,_Ikhtiyaruddin">"Balka Khalji, Ikhtiyaruddin"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Sirajul_Islam" title="Sirajul Islam">Sirajul Islam</a>; Miah, Sajahan; <a href="/wiki/Mahfuza_Khanam" title="Mahfuza Khanam">Khanam, Mahfuza</a>; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/Banglapedia" title="Banglapedia">Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh</a></i> (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, <a href="/wiki/Asiatic_Society_of_Bangladesh" title="Asiatic Society of Bangladesh">Asiatic Society of Bangladesh</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/984-32-0576-6" title="Special:BookSources/984-32-0576-6"><bdi>984-32-0576-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/52727562">52727562</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL30677644M">30677644M</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Balka+Khalji%2C+Ikhtiyaruddin&rft.btitle=Banglapedia%3A+the+National+Encyclopedia+of+Bangladesh&rft.place=Dhaka%2C+Bangladesh&rft.edition=Online&rft.pub=Banglapedia+Trust%2C+Asiatic+Society+of+Bangladesh&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F52727562&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL30677644M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=984-32-0576-6&rft.au=Ahmed%2C+ABM+Shamsuddin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.banglapedia.org%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DBalka_Khalji%2C_Ikhtiyaruddin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalji+dynasty+%28Bengal%29" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mojlum-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mojlum_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mojlum_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuhammad_Mojlum_Khan2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Mojlum_Khan" title="Muhammad Mojlum Khan">Muhammad Mojlum Khan</a> (21 October 2013). "Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji". <i>The Muslim Heritage of Bengal: The Lives, Thoughts and Achievements of Great Muslim Scholars, Writers and Reformers of Bangladesh and West Bengal</i>. Kube Publishing.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Muhammad+Bakhtiyar+Khalji&rft.btitle=The+Muslim+Heritage+of+Bengal%3A+The+Lives%2C+Thoughts+and+Achievements+of+Great+Muslim+Scholars%2C+Writers+and+Reformers+of+Bangladesh+and+West+Bengal&rft.pub=Kube+Publishing&rft.date=2013-10-21&rft.au=Muhammad+Mojlum+Khan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalji+dynasty+%28Bengal%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-siddiq-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-siddiq_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-siddiq_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiddiq,_Mohammad_Yusuf2015" class="citation book cs1">Siddiq, Mohammad Yusuf (2015). <i>Epigraphy and Islamic Culture: Inscriptions of the Early Muslim Rulers of Bengal (1205-1494)</i>. <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>. pp. 64, 92. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781317587460" title="Special:BookSources/9781317587460"><bdi>9781317587460</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Epigraphy+and+Islamic+Culture%3A+Inscriptions+of+the+Early+Muslim+Rulers+of+Bengal+%281205-1494%29&rft.pages=64%2C+92&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781317587460&rft.au=Siddiq%2C+Mohammad+Yusuf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalji+dynasty+%28Bengal%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-begum-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-begum_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBegum1994" class="citation thesis cs1">Begum, Shabnam (1994). "Socio-political contact of Muslims with Bengal: Sultan Ghiasuddin Iwaz Khilji". <i>Bengal's contribution to Islamic studies during the 18th century</i> (Thesis). <a href="/wiki/Aligarh_Muslim_University" title="Aligarh Muslim University">Aligarh Muslim University</a>. p. 13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Bengal%27s+contribution+to+Islamic+studies+during+the+18th+century&rft.inst=Aligarh+Muslim+University&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Begum&rft.aufirst=Shabnam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalji+dynasty+%28Bengal%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbdul_Karim2012" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Karim_(historian)" title="Abdul Karim (historian)">Abdul Karim</a> (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Tabaqat-i-Nasiri">"Tabaqat-i-Nasiri"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Sirajul_Islam" title="Sirajul Islam">Sirajul Islam</a>; Miah, Sajahan; <a href="/wiki/Mahfuza_Khanam" title="Mahfuza Khanam">Khanam, Mahfuza</a>; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/Banglapedia" title="Banglapedia">Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh</a></i> (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, <a href="/wiki/Asiatic_Society_of_Bangladesh" title="Asiatic Society of Bangladesh">Asiatic Society of Bangladesh</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/984-32-0576-6" title="Special:BookSources/984-32-0576-6"><bdi>984-32-0576-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/52727562">52727562</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL30677644M">30677644M</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tabaqat-i-Nasiri&rft.btitle=Banglapedia%3A+the+National+Encyclopedia+of+Bangladesh&rft.place=Dhaka%2C+Bangladesh&rft.edition=Online&rft.pub=Banglapedia+Trust%2C+Asiatic+Society+of+Bangladesh&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F52727562&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL30677644M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=984-32-0576-6&rft.au=Abdul+Karim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.banglapedia.org%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DTabaqat-i-Nasiri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalji+dynasty+%28Bengal%29" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbdul_Karim2012" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Karim_(historian)" title="Abdul Karim (historian)">Abdul Karim</a> (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Iranians,_The">"Iranians, The"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Sirajul_Islam" title="Sirajul Islam">Sirajul Islam</a>; Miah, Sajahan; <a href="/wiki/Mahfuza_Khanam" title="Mahfuza Khanam">Khanam, Mahfuza</a>; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/Banglapedia" title="Banglapedia">Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh</a></i> (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, <a href="/wiki/Asiatic_Society_of_Bangladesh" title="Asiatic Society of Bangladesh">Asiatic Society of Bangladesh</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/984-32-0576-6" title="Special:BookSources/984-32-0576-6"><bdi>984-32-0576-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/52727562">52727562</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL30677644M">30677644M</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Iranians%2C+The&rft.btitle=Banglapedia%3A+the+National+Encyclopedia+of+Bangladesh&rft.place=Dhaka%2C+Bangladesh&rft.edition=Online&rft.pub=Banglapedia+Trust%2C+Asiatic+Society+of+Bangladesh&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F52727562&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL30677644M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=984-32-0576-6&rft.au=Abdul+Karim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.banglapedia.org%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DIranians%2C_The&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalji+dynasty+%28Bengal%29" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShanawaz,_AKM2012" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Shanawaz, AKM (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Inscriptions">"Inscriptions"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Sirajul_Islam" title="Sirajul Islam">Sirajul Islam</a>; Miah, Sajahan; <a href="/wiki/Mahfuza_Khanam" title="Mahfuza Khanam">Khanam, Mahfuza</a>; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/Banglapedia" title="Banglapedia">Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh</a></i> (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, <a href="/wiki/Asiatic_Society_of_Bangladesh" title="Asiatic Society of Bangladesh">Asiatic Society of Bangladesh</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/984-32-0576-6" title="Special:BookSources/984-32-0576-6"><bdi>984-32-0576-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/52727562">52727562</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL30677644M">30677644M</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Inscriptions&rft.btitle=Banglapedia%3A+the+National+Encyclopedia+of+Bangladesh&rft.place=Dhaka%2C+Bangladesh&rft.edition=Online&rft.pub=Banglapedia+Trust%2C+Asiatic+Society+of+Bangladesh&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F52727562&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL30677644M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=984-32-0576-6&rft.au=Shanawaz%2C+AKM&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.banglapedia.org%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DInscriptions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalji+dynasty+%28Bengal%29" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiddiq,_Mohammad_Yusuf2011" class="citation book cs1">Siddiq, Mohammad Yusuf (2011). "Sufism, Sheikhs and Khanqahs of Bengal". In Alam, Ishrat; Hussain, Syed Ijaz (eds.). <i>The Varied Facets of History: Essays in Honour of Aniruddha Ray</i>. pp. 147–148.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sufism%2C+Sheikhs+and+Khanqahs+of+Bengal&rft.btitle=The+Varied+Facets+of+History%3A+Essays+in+Honour+of+Aniruddha+Ray&rft.pages=147-148&rft.date=2011&rft.au=Siddiq%2C+Mohammad+Yusuf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalji+dynasty+%28Bengal%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmed,_RiffatKhan,_Khaled2020" class="citation news cs1">Ahmed, Riffat; Khan, Khaled (16 December 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dailyasianage.com/news/244591/horses-of-bakhtiyar">"Horses of Bakhtiyar"</a>. <i>Daily Asian Age Online</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Asian+Age+Online&rft.atitle=Horses+of+Bakhtiyar&rft.date=2020-12-16&rft.au=Ahmed%2C+Riffat&rft.au=Khan%2C+Khaled&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdailyasianage.com%2Fnews%2F244591%2Fhorses-of-bakhtiyar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalji+dynasty+%28Bengal%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAkhtaruzzaman,_Muhammad2012" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Akhtaruzzaman, Muhammad (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Mahisantosh">"Mahisantosh"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Sirajul_Islam" title="Sirajul Islam">Sirajul Islam</a>; Miah, Sajahan; <a href="/wiki/Mahfuza_Khanam" title="Mahfuza Khanam">Khanam, Mahfuza</a>; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/Banglapedia" title="Banglapedia">Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh</a></i> (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, <a href="/wiki/Asiatic_Society_of_Bangladesh" title="Asiatic Society of Bangladesh">Asiatic Society of Bangladesh</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/984-32-0576-6" title="Special:BookSources/984-32-0576-6"><bdi>984-32-0576-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/52727562">52727562</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL30677644M">30677644M</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mahisantosh&rft.btitle=Banglapedia%3A+the+National+Encyclopedia+of+Bangladesh&rft.place=Dhaka%2C+Bangladesh&rft.edition=Online&rft.pub=Banglapedia+Trust%2C+Asiatic+Society+of+Bangladesh&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F52727562&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL30677644M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=984-32-0576-6&rft.au=Akhtaruzzaman%2C+Muhammad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.banglapedia.org%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DMahisantosh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalji+dynasty+%28Bengal%29" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FBF-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FBF_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FBF_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FBF_48-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlood2018" class="citation book cs1">Flood, Finbarr B. (20 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8MhJDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA116"><i>Objects of Translation: Material Culture and Medieval "Hindu-Muslim" Encounter</i></a>. Princeton University Press. pp. 115–117. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-18074-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-18074-8"><bdi>978-0-691-18074-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Objects+of+Translation%3A+Material+Culture+and+Medieval+%22Hindu-Muslim%22+Encounter&rft.pages=115-117&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2018-03-20&rft.isbn=978-0-691-18074-8&rft.aulast=Flood&rft.aufirst=Finbarr+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8MhJDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA116&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalji+dynasty+%28Bengal%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SG-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SG_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SG_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoronGoenkaRobinson_(numismatist.)2001" class="citation book cs1">Goron, Stan; Goenka, J. P.; Robinson (numismatist.), Michael (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kE8aAAAAYAAJ"><i>The Coins of the Indian Sultanates: Covering the Area of Present-day India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh</i></a>. Munshiram Manoharlal. p. 146. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-215-1010-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-215-1010-3"><bdi>978-81-215-1010-3</bdi></a>. <q>Obverse: horseman to left holding a mace, margin with date in Nagari Samvat 1262 Bhadrapada . Reverse : legend in Nagari śrīmat mahamada sāmaḥ . Issued in AD 1204</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Coins+of+the+Indian+Sultanates%3A+Covering+the+Area+of+Present-day+India%2C+Pakistan%2C+and+Bangladesh&rft.pages=146&rft.pub=Munshiram+Manoharlal&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-81-215-1010-3&rft.aulast=Goron&rft.aufirst=Stan&rft.au=Goenka%2C+J.+P.&rft.au=Robinson+%28numismatist.%29%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkE8aAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalji+dynasty+%28Bengal%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKundraPrakashan2019" class="citation book cs1">Kundra, D. N.; Prakashan, Goyal Brothers (1 December 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iGs8EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA176"><i>I.C.S.E. History & Civics for Class IX</i></a>. Goyal Brothers Prakashan. p. 176. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-88676-77-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-88676-77-9"><bdi>978-93-88676-77-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=I.C.S.E.+History+%26+Civics+for+Class+IX&rft.pages=176&rft.pub=Goyal+Brothers+Prakashan&rft.date=2019-12-01&rft.isbn=978-93-88676-77-9&rft.aulast=Kundra&rft.aufirst=D.+N.&rft.au=Prakashan%2C+Goyal+Brothers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiGs8EAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA176&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalji+dynasty+%28Bengal%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cngcoins.com/Coin.aspx?CoinID=256998">"Rukn al-Din 'Ali Mardan"</a>. <i>Classical Numismatic Group Coins</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Classical+Numismatic+Group+Coins&rft.atitle=Rukn+al-Din+%27Ali+Mardan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cngcoins.com%2FCoin.aspx%3FCoinID%3D256998&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalji+dynasty+%28Bengal%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cngcoins.com/Lot.aspx?LOT_ID=25635&BACK_URL=%2fLots.aspx%3fIS_ADVANCED%3d1%26ITEM_IS_SOLD%3d1%26ITEM_DESC%3dGhiyath%2bal-Din%2b%2527Iwad%26SEARCH_IN_CONTAINER_TYPE_ID_1%3d1%26SEARCH_IN_CONTAINER_TYPE_ID_2%3d1%26SEARCH_IN_CONTAINER_TYPE_ID_3%3d1%26SEARCH_IN_CONTAINER_TYPE_ID_4%3d1%26TABS_TYPE%3d3%26CONTAINER_TYPE_ID%3d3%26VIEW_TYPE%3d0%26MAX_COUNT%3d10000%26PAGE%3d1">"Ghiyath al-Din 'Iwad"</a>. <i>Classical Numismatic Group Coins</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Classical+Numismatic+Group+Coins&rft.atitle=Ghiyath+al-Din+%27Iwad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cngcoins.com%2FLot.aspx%3FLOT_ID%3D25635%26BACK_URL%3D%252fLots.aspx%253fIS_ADVANCED%253d1%2526ITEM_IS_SOLD%253d1%2526ITEM_DESC%253dGhiyath%252bal-Din%252b%252527Iwad%2526SEARCH_IN_CONTAINER_TYPE_ID_1%253d1%2526SEARCH_IN_CONTAINER_TYPE_ID_2%253d1%2526SEARCH_IN_CONTAINER_TYPE_ID_3%253d1%2526SEARCH_IN_CONTAINER_TYPE_ID_4%253d1%2526TABS_TYPE%253d3%2526CONTAINER_TYPE_ID%253d3%2526VIEW_TYPE%253d0%2526MAX_COUNT%253d10000%2526PAGE%253d1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalji+dynasty+%28Bengal%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoy,_Atul_Chandra1986" class="citation book cs1">Roy, Atul Chandra (1986). <i>History of Bengal, Turko-Afghan Period</i>. Kalyani Publishers. p. 59.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Bengal%2C+Turko-Afghan+Period&rft.pages=59&rft.pub=Kalyani+Publishers&rft.date=1986&rft.au=Roy%2C+Atul+Chandra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalji+dynasty+%28Bengal%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khalji_dynasty_(Bengal)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAshirbadi_Lal_Srivastava1966" class="citation book cs1">Ashirbadi Lal Srivastava (1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Bdw9AAAAMAAJ"><i>The History of India, 1000 A.D.-1707 A.D.</i></a> (Second ed.). Shiva Lal Agarwala. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/575452554">575452554</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+India%2C+1000+A.D.-1707+A.D.&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=Shiva+Lal+Agarwala&rft.date=1966&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F575452554&rft.au=Ashirbadi+Lal+Srivastava&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBdw9AAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhalji+dynasty+%28Bengal%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sena_dynasty" title="Sena dynasty">Sena dynasty</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Khalji Bengal </b><br />1204–1231 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mamluk_dynasty_(Delhi)" title="Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)">Mamluk Bengal</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khalji_dynasty_(Bengal)&oldid=1259405093">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khalji_dynasty_(Bengal)&oldid=1259405093</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dynasties_of_Bengal" title="Category:Dynasties of Bengal">Dynasties of Bengal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Muslim_dynasties_of_India" title="Category:Muslim dynasties of India">Muslim dynasties of India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:States_and_territories_established_in_the_13th_century" title="Category:States and territories established in the 13th century">States and territories established in the 13th century</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sunni_dynasties" title="Category:Sunni dynasties">Sunni dynasties</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value" title="Category:CS1: long volume value">CS1: long volume value</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Good_articles" title="Category:Good articles">Good articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:EngvarB_from_March_2017" title="Category:EngvarB from March 2017">EngvarB from March 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_March_2017" title="Category:Use dmy dates from March 2017">Use dmy dates from March 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Bengali-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Bengali-language text">Articles containing Bengali-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Persian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Persian-language text">Articles containing Persian-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 24 November 2024, at 23:52<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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