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btn d-lg-none position-absolute top-0 p-10 right-0" > <em class="material-icons font-26" data-icon="close"></em> </button> </div> <div class="section-content pl-10 pr-20 pl-sm-50 pr-sm-60 pl-lg-5 pr-lg-10 pt-10 pt-lg-0 bg-gray-50 clear-catfish-ad"> <div class="toc mb-20"> <div class="font-serif font-14 font-weight-bold mx-15 mb-15 mt-20"> Table of Contents </div> <ul class="list-unstyled my-0" data-level="h1"><li data-target="#ref1"><div class="pl-25"><a class="link-gray-900 w-100" href="/place/England">Introduction & Quick Facts</a></div><div class="ml-40 toc-drawer sub-toc-drawer"></div></li><li data-target="#ref44500"><div class="d-flex align-items-center"><button class="h1-link-drawer-button btn btn-xs btn-circle d-flex rounded" type="button" aria-label="Toggle Heading"><em class="material-icons font-18" data-icon="keyboard_arrow_right"></em></button><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/place/England#ref44500">Land</a></div><div class="ml-40 toc-drawer sub-toc-drawer"><ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h2"><li data-target="#ref44501"><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/place/England#ref44501">Relief</a></li></ul><ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h2"><li data-target="#ref44502"><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/place/England/Drainage">Drainage</a></li></ul><ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h2"><li data-target="#ref44503"><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/place/England/Drainage#ref44503">Soils</a></li></ul><ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h2"><li data-target="#ref44504"><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/place/England/Drainage#ref44504">Climate</a></li></ul><ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h2"><li data-target="#ref44505"><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/place/England/Drainage#ref44505">Plant and animal life</a></li></ul></div></li><li data-target="#ref44507"><div class="d-flex align-items-center"><button class="h1-link-drawer-button btn btn-xs btn-circle d-flex rounded" type="button" aria-label="Toggle Heading"><em class="material-icons font-18" data-icon="keyboard_arrow_right"></em></button><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/place/England/People">People</a></div><div class="ml-40 toc-drawer sub-toc-drawer"><ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h2"><li data-target="#ref44508"><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/place/England/People#ref44508">Ethnic groups and languages</a></li></ul><ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h2"><li data-target="#ref44518"><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/place/England/People#ref44518">Religion</a></li></ul><ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h2"><li data-target="#ref225309"><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/place/England/People#ref225309">Settlement patterns</a></li></ul><ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h2"><li data-target="#ref44509"><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/place/England/Traditional-regions">Traditional regions</a><ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"><li data-target="#ref44510"><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/place/England/Traditional-regions#ref44510">The South West</a></li></ul><ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"><li data-target="#ref44511"><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/place/England/Traditional-regions#ref44511">The South East</a></li></ul><ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"><li data-target="#ref44512"><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/place/England/Traditional-regions#ref44512">The West Midlands</a></li></ul><ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"><li data-target="#ref44513"><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/place/England/The-East-Midlands">The East Midlands</a></li></ul><ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"><li data-target="#ref44514"><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/place/England/The-East-Midlands#ref44514">East Anglia</a></li></ul><ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"><li data-target="#ref44515"><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/place/England/The-East-Midlands#ref44515">The North West</a></li></ul><ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"><li data-target="#ref44516"><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/place/England/The-East-Midlands#ref44516">Yorkshire</a></li></ul><ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"><li data-target="#ref44517"><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/place/England/The-East-Midlands#ref44517">The North East</a></li></ul></li></ul><ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h2"><li data-target="#ref44519"><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/place/England/The-East-Midlands#ref44519">Demographic trends</a></li></ul></div></li><li data-target="#ref44520"><div class="d-flex align-items-center"><button class="h1-link-drawer-button btn btn-xs btn-circle d-flex rounded" type="button" aria-label="Toggle Heading"><em class="material-icons font-18" data-icon="keyboard_arrow_right"></em></button><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/place/England/Economy">Economy</a></div><div class="ml-40 toc-drawer sub-toc-drawer"><ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h2"><li data-target="#ref44522"><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/place/England/Economy#ref44522">Agriculture, forestry, and fishing</a><ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"><li data-target="#ref44523"><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/place/England/Economy#ref44523">Major crops</a></li></ul><ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"><li data-target="#ref44525"><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/place/England/Economy#ref44525">Livestock</a></li></ul><ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"><li data-target="#ref44526"><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/place/England/Economy#ref44526">Forestry</a></li></ul><ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"><li data-target="#ref44527"><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/place/England/Economy#ref44527">Fishing</a></li></ul></li></ul><ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h2"><li data-target="#ref44521"><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/place/England/Resources-and-power">Resources and power</a></li></ul><ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h2"><li data-target="#ref44528"><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/place/England/Resources-and-power#ref44528">Manufacturing</a></li></ul><ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h2"><li data-target="#ref225310"><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/place/England/Resources-and-power#ref225310">Finance</a></li></ul><ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h2"><li data-target="#ref215125"><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/place/England/Resources-and-power#ref215125">Services</a></li></ul><ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h2"><li data-target="#ref44529"><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/place/England/Resources-and-power#ref44529">Transportation</a></li></ul></div></li><li data-target="#ref44530"><div class="d-flex align-items-center"><button class="h1-link-drawer-button btn btn-xs btn-circle d-flex rounded" type="button" aria-label="Toggle Heading"><em class="material-icons font-18" data-icon="keyboard_arrow_right"></em></button><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/place/England/Government-and-society">Government and society</a></div><div class="ml-40 toc-drawer sub-toc-drawer"><ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h2"><li data-target="#ref225311"><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/place/England/Government-and-society#ref225311">Constitutional framework</a></li></ul><ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h2"><li data-target="#ref215126"><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/place/England/Government-and-society#ref215126">Local government</a><ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"><li data-target="#ref215127"><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/place/England/Government-and-society#ref215127">Historic counties</a></li></ul><ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"><li data-target="#ref215128"><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/place/England/Geographic-counties">Geographic counties</a></li></ul><ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"><li data-target="#ref215129"><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/place/England/Geographic-counties#ref215129">Administrative counties and districts</a></li></ul><ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"><li data-target="#ref215130"><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/place/England/Geographic-counties#ref215130">Unitary authorities</a></li></ul><ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"><li data-target="#ref215131"><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/place/England/Geographic-counties#ref215131">Metropolitan counties and districts</a></li></ul><ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"><li data-target="#ref215132"><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/place/England/Geographic-counties#ref215132">Greater London</a></li></ul><ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"><li data-target="#ref215133"><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/place/England/Geographic-counties#ref215133">Parishes and towns</a></li></ul></li></ul><ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h2"><li data-target="#ref44532"><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/place/England/Justice">Justice</a></li></ul><ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h2"><li data-target="#ref225312"><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/place/England/Justice#ref225312">Political process</a></li></ul><ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h2"><li data-target="#ref44534"><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/place/England/Justice#ref44534">Health and welfare</a></li></ul><ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h2"><li data-target="#ref225313"><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/place/England/Housing">Housing</a></li></ul><ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h2"><li data-target="#ref44533"><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/place/England/Housing#ref44533">Education</a></li></ul></div></li><li data-target="#ref44535"><div class="d-flex align-items-center"><button class="h1-link-drawer-button btn btn-xs btn-circle d-flex rounded" type="button" aria-label="Toggle Heading"><em class="material-icons font-18" data-icon="keyboard_arrow_right"></em></button><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/place/England/Cultural-life">Cultural life</a></div><div class="ml-40 toc-drawer sub-toc-drawer"><ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h2"><li data-target="#ref225314"><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/place/England/Cultural-life#ref225314">Daily life and social customs</a></li></ul><ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h2"><li data-target="#ref225315"><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/place/England/The-arts">The arts</a><ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"><li data-target="#ref44536"><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/place/England/The-arts#ref44536">Literature</a></li></ul><ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"><li data-target="#ref44537"><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/place/England/Architecture">Architecture</a></li></ul><ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"><li data-target="#ref44538" class="has-children"><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/place/England/Visual-arts">Visual arts</a><ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"><li data-target="#ref44539"><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/place/England/Visual-arts#ref44539">Sculpture</a></li></ul><ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"><li data-target="#ref44540"><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/place/England/Visual-arts#ref44540">Painting</a></li></ul></li></ul><ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"><li data-target="#ref44541" class="has-children"><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/place/England/Performing-arts">Performing arts</a><ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"><li data-target="#ref44542"><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/place/England/Performing-arts#ref44542">Theatre</a></li></ul><ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"><li data-target="#ref44543"><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/place/England/Performing-arts#ref44543">Film</a></li></ul><ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"><li data-target="#ref44544"><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/place/England/Music">Music</a></li></ul><ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"><li data-target="#ref44545"><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/place/England/Music#ref44545">Dance</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h2"><li data-target="#ref44546"><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/place/England/Cultural-institutions">Cultural institutions</a></li></ul><ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h2"><li data-target="#ref44547"><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/place/England/Cultural-institutions#ref44547">Sports and recreation</a></li></ul><ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h2"><li data-target="#ref225316"><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/place/England/Cultural-institutions#ref225316">Media and publishing</a></li></ul></div></li><li data-target="#ref215134"><div class="d-flex align-items-center"><div class="ml-25"></div><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/place/England/History">History</a></div><div class="ml-40 toc-drawer sub-toc-drawer"></div></li></ul> <a class="toc-extra-link link-gray-900" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/England/additional-info">References & Edit History</a> <a class="toc-extra-link link-gray-900 selected" href="/facts/England">Facts & Stats</a> </div> <div class="tlr-media-slider pb-10 mb-30"> <a class="section-header link-gray-900 font-serif font-14 font-weight-bold mb-10 mx-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/England/images-videos">Images & Videos</a> <div class="slider js-slider position-relative d-inline-flex align-items-center mw-100 "> <div class="slider-container js-slider-container overflow-hidden d-flex overflow-hidden text-nowrap ml-15"> <a href="https://cdn.britannica.com/44/344-050-94536674/Flag-England.jpg" data-href="/media/1/700965/61159" class="media-overlay-link d-inline-block mr-5"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/44/344-004-494CC2E8/Flag-England.jpg" alt="England" height="50" /> </a> <a href="https://cdn.britannica.com/61/129461-050-9B25BF2C/England-map.jpg" data-href="/media/1/700965/126710" class="media-overlay-link d-inline-block mr-5"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/61/129461-004-89EC27D2/England-map.jpg" alt="England" height="50" /> </a> <a href="https://cdn.britannica.com/67/195467-050-B37F8D12/Locator-map-England.jpg" data-href="/media/1/700965/224306" class="media-overlay-link d-inline-block mr-5"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/67/195467-004-02FBD1CD/Locator-map-England.jpg" alt="England" height="50" /> </a> <a href="https://cdn.britannica.com/24/130024-050-43573E8D/England-features-map.jpg" data-href="/media/1/700965/126711" class="media-overlay-link d-inline-block mr-5"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/24/130024-004-A9D1FEEE/England-features-map.jpg" alt="England" height="50" /> </a> <a href="https://cdn.britannica.com/01/13001-004-792B431F/Cathedral-of-Saint-Mary-Chelmsford-England.jpg" data-href="/media/1/700965/9369" class="media-overlay-link d-inline-block mr-5"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/01/13001-004-792B431F/Cathedral-of-Saint-Mary-Chelmsford-England.jpg" alt="Cathedral of Saint Mary" height="50" /> </a> <a href="https://cdn.britannica.com/17/95117-050-43D7C392/Village-Hambleden-Buckinghamshire-Eng.jpg" data-href="/media/1/700965/100177" class="media-overlay-link d-inline-block mr-5"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/17/95117-004-B39041E5/Village-Hambleden-Buckinghamshire-Eng.jpg" alt="Hambleden, Buckinghamshire, England" height="50" /> </a> <a href="https://cdn.britannica.com/01/76501-050-16A9EDCE/Sarsen-horseshoe-Stonehenge-III-Wiltshire-Eng.jpg" data-href="/media/1/700965/96655" class="media-overlay-link d-inline-block mr-5"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/01/76501-004-7E890139/Sarsen-horseshoe-Stonehenge-III-Wiltshire-Eng.jpg" alt="Stonehenge" height="50" /> </a> <a href="https://cdn.britannica.com/66/4466-004-A817221C/Royal-Shakespeare-Theatre-Stratford-upon-Avon-England-Warwickshire.jpg" data-href="/media/1/700965/14556" class="media-overlay-link d-inline-block mr-5"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/66/4466-004-A817221C/Royal-Shakespeare-Theatre-Stratford-upon-Avon-England-Warwickshire.jpg" alt="Royal Shakespeare Theatre" height="50" /> </a> <a href="https://cdn.britannica.com/37/59037-050-D15B46D2/Esthwaite-Water-Lake-District-England.jpg" data-href="/media/1/700965/1466" class="media-overlay-link d-inline-block mr-5"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/37/59037-004-3D8307B0/Esthwaite-Water-Lake-District-England.jpg" alt="Esthwaite Water in the Lake District, England" height="50" /> </a> <a href="https://cdn.britannica.com/26/4826-050-915ED74D/United-Kingdom.jpg" data-href="/media/1/700965/3806" class="media-overlay-link d-inline-block mr-5"> <img loading="lazy" 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Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. </div> <div class="label mt-20 mb-10">Select Citation Style</div> <select class="js-citation-format-select form-select"> <option selected value="mla">MLA</option> <option value="apa">APA</option> <option value="chicago">Chicago Manual of Style</option> </select> <div class="citation font-serif border rounded p-15 mt-20" data-authors="The Information Architects of Encyclopaedia Britannica" data-title="England" data-published-date="24 Nov. 2024" data-url="https://www.britannica.com/facts/England" > <div class="citation-text"></div> </div> <button class="js-copy-citation-button mt-20 btn btn-xs btn-outline-blue border shadow-sm pr-10" > <em class="material-icons md-icon ml-n10 my-n5 mr-5" data-icon="file_copy"></em> <span class="js-citation-status-text">Copy Citation</span> </button> </div> </div> <button class="js-share-modal-button js-modal gtm-topic-tool btn btn-xs btn-outline-blue border shadow-sm 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rel="noopener"><span>X</span></a> </div> <div class="label pt-20 mt-20 mb-5 border-top">URL</div> <a class="font-serif text-truncate d-inline-block" href="https://www.britannica.com/facts/England">https://www.britannica.com/facts/England</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="md-byline font-14 font-serif"> <span class="written-by font-12 text-gray-700">Written and fact-checked by</span> <div class="editor-popover popover p-0"> <a class="d-block p-20 font-12 byline-contributor" href="/editor/The-Information-Architects-of-Encyclopaedia-Britannica/12365882" > <div class="editor-title font-16 font-weight-bold">The Information Architects of Encyclopaedia Britannica</div> <div class="editor-description font-12 font-serif mt-5 clamp-description text-black"><p>The Information Architects maintain a master list of the topics included in the corpus of  <em>Encyclopædia Britannica</em>, and create and manage the relationships between them.</p></div> </a> <div data-popper-arrow></div> </div> <span class="btn btn-link editor-link p-0 qa-byline-link font-12 byline-contributor "> The Information Architects of Encyclopaedia Britannica</span></div> <hr class="grey-box-line my-20" /> <h3 class="qa-facts">Facts</h3> <table class="quick-facts-table table font-14"> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="row" class="col-30"> Population</th> <td class="POP" > (2011) 53,012,456</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="col-30"> Form Of Government<Sup>1</Sup></th> <td class="" > </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="col-30"> Official Language</th> <td class="OF" > none</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="col-30"> National Religion</th> <td class="NR" > Church of England</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="col-30"> Total Area (Sq Km)</th> <td class="TA" > 130,278</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="col-30"> Total Area (Sq Mi)</th> <td class="TA" > 50,301</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="col-30"> Monetary Unit</th> <td class="MU" > pound sterling (£)</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="col-30"> Leading City</th> <td class="LC" > London</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="footnote" colspan="2" > <sup>1</sup>England does not have a formal government or constitution, and a specifically English role in contemporary government and politics is hard to identify in any formal sense, for these operate on a nationwide British basis.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <hr class="grey-box-line my-20"/> <h3 class="qa-media">Photos and Videos</h3> <div class="slider js-slider position-relative d-inline-flex align-items-center mw-100 facts-page-slider"> <div class="slider-container js-slider-container overflow-hidden d-flex "> <div class="rw-track"> <a href="https://cdn.britannica.com/44/344-050-94536674/Flag-England.jpg" data-href="/media/1/700965/61159" class=" media-overlay-link pl-20 " > <div class="image-container position-relative d-inline-flex align-items-center justify-content-center"> <img loading="lazy" 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src="https://cdn.britannica.com/19/8619-050-717CD1B8/Thomas-More-detail-oil-panel-Hans-Holbein-1527.jpg?h=400&w=300&c=crop" alt="Hans Holbein the Younger: Sir Thomas More" /> </div> <div class="card-body"> <a class="font-weight-bold text-hyphenate" href="/biography/Thomas-More-English-humanist-and-statesman">Thomas More</a> <div class="caption mt-5 text-hyphenate">English humanist and statesman</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-50 col-md-33 col-lg-20"> <div class="card card-sm"> <div class="card-media" style="--aspect-ratio: 3/4"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/72/9672-050-BC7B3610/Samuel-Pepys-oil-painting-John-Hayls-National.jpg?h=400&w=300&c=crop" alt="Diarist Samuel Pepys" /> </div> <div class="card-body"> <a class="font-weight-bold text-hyphenate" href="/biography/Samuel-Pepys">Samuel Pepys</a> <div class="caption mt-5 text-hyphenate">English diarist and naval administrator</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-50 col-md-33 col-lg-20"> <div 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<div class="card card-sm"> <div class="card-media" style="--aspect-ratio: 3/4"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/63/163-004-3732ED5E/Edward-I-watercolour-British-Library.jpg?h=400&w=300&c=crop" alt="Edward I" /> </div> <div class="card-body"> <a class="font-weight-bold text-hyphenate" href="/biography/Edward-I-king-of-England">Edward I</a> <div class="caption mt-5 text-hyphenate">king of England</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-50 col-md-33 col-lg-20"> <div class="card card-sm"> <div class="card-media" style="--aspect-ratio: 3/4"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/88/126288-050-BF68638F/William-Cecil-1st-Baron-Burghley.jpg?h=400&w=300&c=crop" alt="William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley" /> </div> <div class="card-body"> <a class="font-weight-bold text-hyphenate" href="/biography/William-Cecil-1st-Baron-Burghley">William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley</a> <div class="caption mt-5 text-hyphenate">English statesman</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-50 col-md-33 col-lg-20"> <div class="card card-sm"> <div class="card-media" style="--aspect-ratio: 3/4"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/83/5183-050-89F1B26E/William-III-painting-W-Wissing-National-Portrait.jpg?h=400&w=300&c=crop" alt="William III" /> </div> <div class="card-body"> <a class="font-weight-bold text-hyphenate" href="/biography/William-III-king-of-England-Scotland-and-Ireland">William III</a> <div class="caption mt-5 text-hyphenate">king of England, Scotland, and Ireland</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-50 col-md-33 col-lg-20"> <div class="card card-sm"> <div class="card-media" style="--aspect-ratio: 3/4"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/24/40624-050-5AC5514C/Francis-Walsingham-detail-panel-painting-John-de.jpg?h=400&w=300&c=crop" alt="Sir Francis Walsingham, detail of a panel painting attributed to John de Critz the Elder, last quarter of the 16th century; in the National Portrait Gallery, London." /> </div> <div class="card-body"> <a class="font-weight-bold text-hyphenate" href="/biography/Francis-Walsingham">Sir Francis Walsingham</a> <div class="caption mt-5 text-hyphenate">English statesman</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-50 col-md-33 col-lg-20"> <div class="card card-sm"> <div class="card-media" style="--aspect-ratio: 3/4"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/59/149359-050-7C3450D7/Charles-II-engraving-William-Holl.jpg?h=400&w=300&c=crop" alt="Charles II, 19th-century engraving by William Holl." /> </div> <div class="card-body"> <a class="font-weight-bold text-hyphenate" href="/biography/Charles-II-king-of-Great-Britain-and-Ireland">Charles II</a> <div class="caption mt-5 text-hyphenate">king of Great Britain and Ireland</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <hr class="grey-box-line my-20" /> <h3 class="qa-related-places">Related Places</h3> <div class="grid g-20"> <div class="col-50 col-md-33 col-lg-25"> <div class="card card-sm"> <div class="card-media" style="--aspect-ratio: 16/9"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/25/4825-050-977D8C5E/Flag-United-Kingdom.jpg?w=300&h=168&c=crop" alt="United Kingdom" /> </div> <div class="card-body"> <a class="font-weight-bold text-hyphenate" href="/place/United-Kingdom"> United Kingdom</a> <div class="caption text-hyphenate"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-50 col-md-33 col-lg-25"> <div class="card card-sm"> <div class="card-media" style="--aspect-ratio: 16/9"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/94/19694-050-1DAF09F3/World-Heritage-locator-London-United-Kingdom.jpg?w=300&h=168&c=crop" alt="London" /> </div> <div class="card-body"> <a class="font-weight-bold text-hyphenate" href="/place/London"> London</a> <div class="caption text-hyphenate"> national capital, United Kingdom</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-50 col-md-33 col-lg-25"> <div class="card card-sm"> <div class="card-media" style="--aspect-ratio: 16/9"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/01/115901-050-3D507AE3/Skyline-Manchester-England.jpg?w=300&h=168&c=crop" alt="Manchester" /> </div> <div class="card-body"> <a class="font-weight-bold text-hyphenate" href="/place/Manchester-England"> Manchester</a> <div class="caption text-hyphenate"> England, United Kingdom</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-50 col-md-33 col-lg-25"> <div class="card card-sm"> <div class="card-media" style="--aspect-ratio: 16/9"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/78/94478-050-7780CD8B/Ruins-Whitby-Abbey-North-Yorkshire-Eng.jpg?w=300&h=168&c=crop" alt="Whitby Abbey" /> </div> <div class="card-body"> <a class="font-weight-bold text-hyphenate" href="/place/Yorkshire-former-county-England"> Yorkshire</a> <div class="caption text-hyphenate"> former county, England, United Kingdom</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-50 col-md-33 col-lg-25"> <div class="card card-sm"> <div class="card-media" style="--aspect-ratio: 16/9"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/22/146322-050-97D36F8F/field-background-Cheviot-Hills-England-Northumberland.jpg?w=300&h=168&c=crop" alt="Cheviot Hills" /> </div> <div class="card-body"> <a class="font-weight-bold text-hyphenate" href="/place/Northumberland-county-England"> Northumberland</a> <div class="caption text-hyphenate"> county, England, United Kingdom</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-50 col-md-33 col-lg-25"> <div class="card card-sm"> <div class="card-media" style="--aspect-ratio: 16/9"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/59/4159-004-D677A72D/shoreline-Lyme-Bay-Devon-Sidmouth-England-Peak.jpg?w=300&h=168&c=crop" alt="Devon: Lyme Bay" /> </div> <div class="card-body"> <a class="font-weight-bold text-hyphenate" href="/place/Devon"> Devon</a> <div class="caption text-hyphenate"> county, England, United Kingdom</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-50 col-md-33 col-lg-25"> <div class="card card-sm"> <div class="card-media" style="--aspect-ratio: 16/9"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/48/139548-050-4451ECDD/City-Hall-Norman-Foster-Southwark-England-London.jpg?w=300&h=168&c=crop" alt="Norman Foster: City Hall, London" /> </div> <div class="card-body"> <a class="font-weight-bold text-hyphenate" href="/place/Southwark-London"> Southwark</a> <div class="caption text-hyphenate"> borough, London, United Kingdom</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-50 col-md-33 col-lg-25"> <div class="card card-sm"> <div class="card-media" style="--aspect-ratio: 16/9"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/72/116072-050-28D4F927/Great-Malvern-Priory-Eng-Worcestershire.jpg?w=300&h=168&c=crop" alt="Great Malvern Priory" /> </div> <div class="card-body"> <a class="font-weight-bold text-hyphenate" href="/place/Worcestershire-county-England"> Worcestershire</a> <div class="caption text-hyphenate"> county, England, United Kingdom</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-50 col-md-33 col-lg-25"> <div class="card card-sm"> <div class="card-media" style="--aspect-ratio: 16/9"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/27/20227-004-43D758E2/Queens-House-towers-rooftops-National-Maritime-Museum.jpg?w=300&h=168&c=crop" alt="Greenwich, London" /> </div> <div class="card-body"> <a class="font-weight-bold text-hyphenate" href="/place/Greenwich-borough-London"> Greenwich</a> <div class="caption text-hyphenate"> borough, London, United Kingdom</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-50 col-md-33 col-lg-25"> <div class="card card-sm"> <div class="card-media" style="--aspect-ratio: 16/9"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/57/115657-050-46535612/St-Augustine-Canterbury-Abbey-England-Kent.jpg?w=300&h=168&c=crop" alt="St. Augustine's Abbey in Canterbury, Kent" /> </div> <div class="card-body"> <a class="font-weight-bold text-hyphenate" href="/place/Kent-county-England"> Kent</a> <div class="caption text-hyphenate"> county, England, United Kingdom</div> </div> </div> </div> <div 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text-hyphenate" href="/place/Camden-borough-London"> Camden</a> <div class="caption text-hyphenate"> borough, London, United Kingdom</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-50 col-md-33 col-lg-25"> <div class="card card-sm"> <div class="card-media" style="--aspect-ratio: 16/9"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/98/64798-050-D9201EB6/Birmingham-England.jpg?w=300&h=168&c=crop" alt="Birmingham, England" /> </div> <div class="card-body"> <a class="font-weight-bold text-hyphenate" href="/place/Birmingham-England"> Birmingham</a> <div class="caption text-hyphenate"> England, United Kingdom</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-50 col-md-33 col-lg-25"> <div class="card card-sm"> <div class="card-media" style="--aspect-ratio: 16/9"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/98/115898-050-DE6AC207/Pendle-Hill-towns-Clitheroe-Whalley-Eng-Lancashire.jpg?w=300&h=168&c=crop" alt="Lancashire: Pendle Hill" /> </div> <div class="card-body"> <a 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