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class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>2010s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2010" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1</span> <span>2010</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2011" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2011"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.2</span> <span>2011</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2011-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2012" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2012"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.3</span> <span>2012</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2012-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2013" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2013"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.4</span> <span>2013</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2013-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2014" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2014"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.5</span> <span>2014</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2014-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2015" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2015"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.6</span> <span>2015</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2015-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2016" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2016"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.7</span> <span>2016</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2016-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2017" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2017"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.8</span> <span>2017</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2017-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2018" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2018"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.9</span> <span>2018</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2018-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2019" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2019"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.10</span> <span>2019</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2019-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_software_platforms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_software_platforms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Current software platforms</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Current_software_platforms-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Current software platforms subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Current_software_platforms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Android" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Android"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Android</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Android-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Android_One" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Android_One"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Android One</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Android_One-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-BharOS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#BharOS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>BharOS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-BharOS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-BlackBerry_Secure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#BlackBerry_Secure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>BlackBerry Secure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-BlackBerry_Secure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-CalyxOS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#CalyxOS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.4</span> <span>CalyxOS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-CalyxOS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ColorOS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ColorOS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.5</span> <span>ColorOS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ColorOS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-CopperheadOS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#CopperheadOS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.6</span> <span>CopperheadOS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-CopperheadOS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-DivestOS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#DivestOS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.7</span> <span>DivestOS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-DivestOS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-EMUI" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#EMUI"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.8</span> <span>EMUI</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-EMUI-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-/e/" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#/e/"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.9</span> <span>/e/</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-/e/-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fire_OS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fire_OS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.10</span> <span>Fire OS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fire_OS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flyme_OS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flyme_OS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.11</span> <span>Flyme OS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flyme_OS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-FuntouchOS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#FuntouchOS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.12</span> <span>FuntouchOS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-FuntouchOS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-iQOO_UI" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#iQOO_UI"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.12.1</span> <span>iQOO UI</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-iQOO_UI-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-GrapheneOS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#GrapheneOS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.13</span> <span>GrapheneOS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-GrapheneOS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hello_UI" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hello_UI"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.14</span> <span>Hello UI</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hello_UI-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-HiOS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#HiOS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.15</span> <span>HiOS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-HiOS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-HTC_Sense" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#HTC_Sense"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.16</span> <span>HTC Sense</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-HTC_Sense-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-HyperOS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#HyperOS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.17</span> <span>HyperOS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-HyperOS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-MIUI_for_POCO" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#MIUI_for_POCO"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.17.1</span> <span>MIUI for POCO</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-MIUI_for_POCO-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indus_OS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indus_OS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.18</span> <span>Indus OS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indus_OS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-LG_UX" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#LG_UX"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.19</span> <span>LG UX</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-LG_UX-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-LineageOS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#LineageOS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.20</span> <span>LineageOS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-LineageOS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-MagicOS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#MagicOS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.21</span> <span>MagicOS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-MagicOS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-MyOS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#MyOS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.22</span> <span>MyOS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-MyOS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nothing_OS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nothing_OS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.23</span> <span>Nothing OS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nothing_OS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-nubia_UI" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#nubia_UI"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.24</span> <span>nubia UI</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-nubia_UI-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-One_UI" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#One_UI"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.25</span> <span>One UI</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-One_UI-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Origin_OS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origin_OS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.26</span> <span>Origin OS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origin_OS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-OxygenOS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#OxygenOS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.27</span> <span>OxygenOS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-OxygenOS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pixel_UI_(Pixel_Launcher)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pixel_UI_(Pixel_Launcher)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.28</span> <span>Pixel UI (Pixel Launcher)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pixel_UI_(Pixel_Launcher)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-realme_UI" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#realme_UI"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.29</span> <span>realme UI</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-realme_UI-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-realme_UI_R_edition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#realme_UI_R_edition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.29.1</span> <span>realme UI R edition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-realme_UI_R_edition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Red_Magic_OS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Red_Magic_OS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.30</span> <span>Red Magic OS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Red_Magic_OS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Replicant_OS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Replicant_OS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.31</span> <span>Replicant OS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Replicant_OS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-TCL_UI" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#TCL_UI"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.32</span> <span>TCL UI</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-TCL_UI-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-VOS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#VOS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.33</span> <span>VOS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-VOS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-XOS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#XOS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.34</span> <span>XOS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-XOS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Xperia_UI" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Xperia_UI"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.35</span> <span>Xperia UI</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Xperia_UI-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ZenUI" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ZenUI"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.36</span> <span>ZenUI</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ZenUI-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ZUI" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ZUI"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.37</span> <span>ZUI</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ZUI-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wear_OS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wear_OS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Wear OS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wear_OS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-One_UI_Watch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#One_UI_Watch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>One UI Watch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-One_UI_Watch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ChromeOS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ChromeOS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>ChromeOS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ChromeOS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sailfish_OS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sailfish_OS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Sailfish OS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sailfish_OS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SteamOS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SteamOS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>SteamOS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SteamOS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tizen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tizen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Tizen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tizen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-KaiOS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#KaiOS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>KaiOS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-KaiOS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Smart_Feature_OS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Smart_Feature_OS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7.1</span> <span>Smart Feature OS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Smart_Feature_OS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fully_open-source,_entirely_permissive_licenses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fully_open-source,_entirely_permissive_licenses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Fully open-source, entirely permissive licenses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fully_open-source,_entirely_permissive_licenses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fuchsia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fuchsia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8.1</span> <span>Fuchsia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fuchsia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-LiteOS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#LiteOS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8.2</span> <span>LiteOS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-LiteOS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-OpenHarmony" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#OpenHarmony"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8.3</span> <span>OpenHarmony</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-OpenHarmony-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fully_open-source,_mixed_copyleft_and_permissive_licenses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fully_open-source,_mixed_copyleft_and_permissive_licenses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Fully open-source, mixed copyleft and permissive licenses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fully_open-source,_mixed_copyleft_and_permissive_licenses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fedora_Mobility" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fedora_Mobility"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9.1</span> <span>Fedora Mobility</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fedora_Mobility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-LuneOS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#LuneOS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9.2</span> <span>LuneOS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-LuneOS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manjaro_ARM" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manjaro_ARM"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9.3</span> <span>Manjaro ARM</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manjaro_ARM-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mobian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mobian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9.4</span> <span>Mobian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mobian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plasma_mobile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plasma_mobile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9.5</span> <span>Plasma mobile</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plasma_mobile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-postmarketOS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#postmarketOS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9.6</span> <span>postmarketOS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-postmarketOS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-PureOS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#PureOS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9.7</span> <span>PureOS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-PureOS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ubuntu_Touch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ubuntu_Touch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9.8</span> <span>Ubuntu Touch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ubuntu_Touch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Closed_source" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Closed_source"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>Closed source</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Closed_source-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-iOS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#iOS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10.1</span> <span>iOS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-iOS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-iPadOS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#iPadOS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10.2</span> <span>iPadOS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-iPadOS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-watchOS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#watchOS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10.3</span> <span>watchOS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-watchOS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kindle_firmware" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kindle_firmware"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10.4</span> <span>Kindle firmware</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kindle_firmware-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-HarmonyOS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#HarmonyOS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10.5</span> <span>HarmonyOS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-HarmonyOS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nintendo_Switch_system_software" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nintendo_Switch_system_software"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10.6</span> <span>Nintendo Switch system software</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nintendo_Switch_system_software-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-PlayStation_Vita_system_software" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#PlayStation_Vita_system_software"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10.7</span> <span>PlayStation Vita system software</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-PlayStation_Vita_system_software-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Windows_10" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Windows_10"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10.8</span> <span>Windows 10</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Windows_10-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Windows_11" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Windows_11"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10.9</span> <span>Windows 11</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Windows_11-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Minor_proprietary_operating_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minor_proprietary_operating_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10.10</span> <span>Minor proprietary operating systems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minor_proprietary_operating_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Discontinued_software_platforms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discontinued_software_platforms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Discontinued software platforms</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Discontinued_software_platforms-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Discontinued software platforms subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Discontinued_software_platforms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Open_source" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Open_source"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Open source</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Open_source-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-CyanogenMod" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#CyanogenMod"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>CyanogenMod</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-CyanogenMod-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cyanogen_OS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cyanogen_OS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1.1</span> <span>Cyanogen OS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cyanogen_OS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Firefox_OS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Firefox_OS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Firefox OS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Firefox_OS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-MeeGo/Maemo/Moblin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#MeeGo/Maemo/Moblin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.3</span> <span>MeeGo/Maemo/Moblin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-MeeGo/Maemo/Moblin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-webOS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#webOS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.4</span> <span>webOS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-webOS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Closed_source_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Closed_source_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Closed source</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Closed_source_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Bada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-BlackBerry_OS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#BlackBerry_OS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>BlackBerry OS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-BlackBerry_OS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-BlackBerry_10" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#BlackBerry_10"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.3</span> <span>BlackBerry 10</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-BlackBerry_10-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nintendo_3DS_system_software" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nintendo_3DS_system_software"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.4</span> <span>Nintendo 3DS system software</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nintendo_3DS_system_software-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Symbian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Symbian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.5</span> <span>Symbian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Symbian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Palm_OS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palm_OS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.6</span> <span>Palm OS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palm_OS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Microsoft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Microsoft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.7</span> <span>Microsoft</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Microsoft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Windows_Mobile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Windows_Mobile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.7.1</span> <span>Windows Mobile</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Windows_Mobile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Windows_Phone" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Windows_Phone"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.7.2</span> <span>Windows Phone</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Windows_Phone-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Windows_10_Mobile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Windows_10_Mobile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.7.3</span> <span>Windows 10 Mobile</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Windows_10_Mobile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Windows_8" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Windows_8"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.7.4</span> <span>Windows 8</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Windows_8-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Windows_8.1" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Windows_8.1"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.7.4.1</span> <span>Windows 8.1</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Windows_8.1-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Market_share" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Market_share"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Market share</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Market_share-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Market share subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Market_share-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Usage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Usage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Usage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Usage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_operating_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_operating_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>By operating system</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_operating_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mobile operating system</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 42 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%BA%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A3%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9" title="نظام تشغيل أجهزة محمولة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نظام تشغيل أجهزة محمولة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%84%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%DB%8C" title="موبایل ایشلتیم سیستمی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="موبایل ایشلتیم سیستمی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE" title="মোবাইল অপারেটিং সিস্টেম – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মোবাইল অপারেটিং সিস্টেম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Мобилна операционна система – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мобилна операционна система" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_operatiu_m%C3%B2bil" title="Sistema operatiu mòbil – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sistema operatiu mòbil" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobiln%C3%AD_opera%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_syst%C3%A9m" title="Mobilní operační systém – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mobilní operační systém" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobilt_styresystem" title="Mobilt styresystem – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mobilt styresystem" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobiil-operatsioonis%C3%BCsteem" title="Mobiil-operatsioonisüsteem – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mobiil-operatsioonisüsteem" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_operativo_m%C3%B3vil" title="Sistema operativo móvil – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sistema operativo móvil" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84" title="سیستم‌عامل موبایل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سیستم‌عامل موبایل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_d%27exploitation_mobile" title="Système d'exploitation mobile – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Système d'exploitation mobile" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A0ng-thung_Chok-ngia%CC%8Dp_Ne-th%C3%BAng" title="Hàng-thung Chok-ngia̍p Ne-thúng – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Hàng-thung Chok-ngia̍p Ne-thúng" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%EB%B0%94%EC%9D%BC_%EC%9A%B4%EC%98%81%EC%B2%B4%EC%A0%9C" title="모바일 운영체제 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="모바일 운영체제" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="मोबाइल प्रचालन तंत्र – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मोबाइल प्रचालन तंत्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_operasi_telepon_genggam" title="Sistem operasi telepon genggam – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sistem operasi telepon genggam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_operativo_per_dispositivi_mobili" title="Sistema operativo per dispositivi mobili – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sistema operativo per dispositivi mobili" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B7%E0%BA%96%E0%BA%B7" title="ລະບົບປະຕິບັດການຂອງໂທລະສັບມືຖື – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ລະບົບປະຕິບັດການຂອງໂທລະສັບມືຖື" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobil_oper%C3%A1ci%C3%B3s_rendszer" title="Mobil operációs rendszer – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mobil operációs rendszer" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%88%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%82" title="മൊബൈൽ ഓപ്പറേറ്റിംഗ് സിസ്റ്റം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മൊബൈൽ ഓപ്പറേറ്റിംഗ് സിസ്റ്റം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="მობილური ოპერაციული სისტემა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მობილური ოპერაციული სისტემა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%94%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="မိုလ်ဘိုင်းလ်စက်လည်ပတ်ရေးစနစ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မိုလ်ဘိုင်းလ်စက်လည်ပတ်ရေးစနစ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A2%E3%83%90%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AA%E3%83%9A%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%82%B7%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%83%A0" title="モバイルオペレーティングシステム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="モバイルオペレーティングシステム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%B2_%E0%AC%85%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%82_%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B7%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%AE" title="ମୋବାଇଲ ଅପରେଟିଂ ସିଷ୍ଟମ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ମୋବାଇଲ ଅପରେଟିଂ ସିଷ୍ଟମ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobil_operatsion_tizim" title="Mobil operatsion tizim – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Mobil operatsion tizim" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobilny_system_operacyjny" title="Mobilny system operacyjny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mobilny system operacyjny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_operacional_m%C3%B3vel" title="Sistema operacional móvel – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sistema operacional móvel" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apaychana_llamk%27achiy_llikacha" title="Apaychana llamk'achiy llikacha – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Apaychana llamk'achiy llikacha" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Мобильная операционная система – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мобильная операционная система" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistemi_operativ_mobil" title="Sistemi operativ mobil – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Sistemi operativ mobil" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_operating_system" title="Mobile operating system – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mobile operating system" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AE%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D9%85%DB%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84" title="سیستمی بەکارخەریی مۆبایل – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سیستمی بەکارخەریی مۆبایل" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Мобилни оперативни систем – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мобилни оперативни систем" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobiilik%C3%A4ytt%C3%B6j%C3%A4rjestelm%C3%A4" title="Mobiilikäyttöjärjestelmä – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mobiilikäyttöjärjestelmä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobiloperativsystem" title="Mobiloperativsystem – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mobiloperativsystem" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="நகர்பேசி இயங்குதளம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நகர்பேசி இயங்குதளம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B2" title="ระบบปฏิบัติการสำหรับอุปกรณ์พกพา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ระบบปฏิบัติการสำหรับอุปกรณ์พกพา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobil_i%C5%9Fletim_sistemi" title="Mobil işletim sistemi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mobil işletim sistemi" 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.mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a list, see <a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_mobile_operating_systems" title="Comparison of mobile operating systems">Comparison of mobile operating systems</a>.</div> <p> A <b>mobile operating system</b> is an <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a> used for <a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">smartphones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tablet_computer" title="Tablet computer">tablets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smartwatch" title="Smartwatch">smartwatches</a>, smartglasses, or other non-laptop <a href="/wiki/Personal_computing" class="mw-redirect" title="Personal computing">personal</a> <a href="/wiki/Mobile_computing_device" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile computing device">mobile computing devices</a>. While computers such as typical/mobile <a href="/wiki/Laptop" title="Laptop">laptops</a> are "mobile", the operating systems used on them are usually not considered mobile, as they were originally designed for <a href="/wiki/Desktop_computer" title="Desktop computer">desktop computers</a> that historically did not have or need specific <i>mobile</i> features. This "fine line" distinguishing mobile and other forms has become blurred in recent years, due to the fact that newer devices have become smaller and more mobile, unlike the <a href="/wiki/Computer_hardware" title="Computer hardware">hardware</a> of the past. Key notabilities blurring this line are the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Tablet_computer" title="Tablet computer">tablet computers</a>, light <a href="/wiki/Laptop" title="Laptop">laptops</a>, and the hybridization of the two in <a href="/wiki/2-in-1_PC" class="mw-redirect" title="2-in-1 PC">2-in-1 PCs</a>. </p><p>Mobile operating systems combine features of a <a href="/wiki/Desktop_computer" title="Desktop computer">desktop computer</a> operating system with other features useful for mobile or handheld use, and usually including a wireless inbuilt modem and <a href="/wiki/SIM_card" title="SIM card">SIM</a> tray for telephone and data connection. In Q1 2018, over 123 million smartphones were sold (the most ever recorded) with 60.2% running <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a> and 20.9% running <a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sales in 2012 were 1.56 billion; sales in 2023 were 1.43 billion<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with 53.32% being <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Android alone has more sales than the popular desktop operating system <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a>, and smartphone use (even without tablets) outnumbers desktop use.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mobile devices, with mobile communications abilities (for example, <a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">smartphones</a>), contain two mobile operating systems. The main user-facing software platform is supplemented by a second low-level proprietary real-time operating system which operates the radio and other hardware. Research has shown that these low-level systems may contain a range of security vulnerabilities permitting malicious base stations to gain high levels of control over the mobile device.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mobile operating systems have had the most use of any operating system since 2017 (measured by web use).<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Timeline">Timeline</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Timeline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_tablet_computers" title="History of tablet computers">History of tablet computers</a></div> <p>Mobile operating system milestones mirror the development of <a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone" title="Mobile phone">mobile phones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Personal_digital_assistant" title="Personal digital assistant">PDAs</a>, and smartphones: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-1990">Pre-1990</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Pre-1990"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1990–2010 – <a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone" title="Mobile phone">Mobile phones</a> use <a href="/wiki/Embedded_system" title="Embedded system">embedded systems</a> to control operation.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1993–1999"><span id="1993.E2.80.931999"></span>1993–1999</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1993–1999"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1993 <ul><li>April – <a href="/wiki/PenPoint_OS" title="PenPoint OS">PenPoint OS</a> by <a href="/wiki/GO_Corp." class="mw-redirect" title="GO Corp.">GO Corp.</a> become available on the <a href="/wiki/AT%26T_Corporation" title="AT&T Corporation">AT&T</a> <a href="/wiki/EO_Personal_Communicator" title="EO Personal Communicator">EO Personal Communicator</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PenPointOS_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PenPointOS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PhabletHistory_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PhabletHistory-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>August – <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a> launches <a href="/wiki/Newton_OS" title="Newton OS">Newton OS</a> running on their <a href="/wiki/Apple_Newton" title="Apple Newton">Newton</a> series of portable computers.</li></ul></li> <li>1994 <ul><li>March – <a href="/wiki/Magic_Cap" title="Magic Cap">Magic Cap</a> OS by <a href="/wiki/General_Magic" title="General Magic">General Magic</a> is first introduced on the <a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a> <a href="/wiki/Magic_Link" title="Magic Link">Magic Link</a> <a href="/wiki/Personal_digital_assistant" title="Personal digital assistant">PDA</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>August – The first smartphone, the <a href="/wiki/IBM_Simon" title="IBM Simon">IBM Simon</a>, has a touchscreen, <a href="/wiki/Email" title="Email">email</a>, and PDA features.<sup id="cite_ref-SimonTurns20_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SimonTurns20-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>1996 <ul><li>March – The <a href="/wiki/Palm,_Inc." title="Palm, Inc.">Palm</a> <a href="/wiki/Pilot_1000" title="Pilot 1000">Pilot 1000</a> personal digital assistant is introduced with the <a href="/wiki/Palm_OS" title="Palm OS">Palm OS</a> mobile operating system.</li> <li>August – Nokia releases the <a href="/wiki/Nokia_9000_Communicator" title="Nokia 9000 Communicator">Nokia 9000 Communicator</a> running an integrated system based on the <a href="/wiki/PEN/GEOS_3.0" class="mw-redirect" title="PEN/GEOS 3.0">PEN/GEOS 3.0</a> OS from <a href="/wiki/Geoworks" class="mw-redirect" title="Geoworks">Geoworks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NokiaCommunicatorPress_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NokiaCommunicatorPress-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nokia9000Specs_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nokia9000Specs-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>1997 – <a href="/wiki/EPOC_(operating_system)" title="EPOC (operating system)">EPOC32</a> first appears on the <a href="/wiki/Psion_Series_5" title="Psion Series 5">Psion Series 5</a> PDA. Release 6 of EPOC32 will later be renamed to <a href="/wiki/Symbian_OS" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbian OS">Symbian OS</a>.</li> <li>1998 – <a href="/wiki/Symbian_Ltd." class="mw-redirect" title="Symbian Ltd.">Symbian Ltd.</a> is formed as a joint venture by <a href="/wiki/Psion_(computers)" class="mw-redirect" title="Psion (computers)">Psion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ericsson" title="Ericsson">Ericsson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Motorola" title="Motorola">Motorola</a>, and Nokia,<sup id="cite_ref-PsionHistory_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PsionHistory-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Psion's <a href="/wiki/EPOC_(operating_system)" title="EPOC (operating system)">EPOC32</a> OS becomes Symbian's EPOC operating system,<sup id="cite_ref-Nokia9210Press_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nokia9210Press-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is later renamed to Symbian OS. Symbian's OS was used by those companies and several other major mobile phone brands, but especially Nokia.</li> <li>1999 <ul><li>June – <a href="/wiki/Qualcomm" title="Qualcomm">Qualcomm</a>'s <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qualcomm_pdQ&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qualcomm pdQ (page does not exist)">pdQ</a> becomes the first smartphone with <a href="/wiki/Palm_OS" title="Palm OS">Palm OS</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-QualcommPDQannounced_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QualcommPDQannounced-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-QualcommPDQreleased_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QualcommPDQreleased-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pdQ800Specs_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pdQ800Specs-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pdQ1900Specs_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pdQ1900Specs-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>October – <a href="/wiki/Series_40" title="Series 40">Nokia S40</a> Platform is officially introduced along with the <a href="/wiki/Nokia_7110" title="Nokia 7110">Nokia 7110</a>, the first phone with <a href="/wiki/T9_(predictive_text)" title="T9 (predictive text)">T9</a> <a href="/wiki/Predictive_text" title="Predictive text">predictive text</a> input<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a <a href="/wiki/Wireless_Application_Protocol" title="Wireless Application Protocol">Wireless Application Protocol</a> (WAP) browser for accessing specially formatted Internet data.<sup id="cite_ref-Nokia7110unveiled_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nokia7110unveiled-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2000s">2000s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 2000s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>2000 – The <a href="/wiki/Ericsson_R380" title="Ericsson R380">Ericsson R380</a> is released with EPOC32 Release 5, marking the first use on a phone of what's to become known as Symbian OS (as of Release 6).<sup id="cite_ref-EricssonR380PDAphone_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EricssonR380PDAphone-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EricssonR380Specs_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EricssonR380Specs-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2001 <ul><li>June – Nokia's Symbian <a href="/wiki/Series_80_(software_platform)" title="Series 80 (software platform)">Series 80</a> platform is first released on the <a href="/wiki/Nokia_9210_Communicator" title="Nokia 9210 Communicator">Nokia 9210 Communicator</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is the first phone running an OS branded as Symbian, and the first phone using that OS that allows user installation of additional software.</li> <li>September – <a href="/wiki/Qualcomm" title="Qualcomm">Qualcomm</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Binary_Runtime_Environment_for_Wireless" title="Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless">Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless</a> (BREW) platform on their <a href="/wiki/REX_OS" title="REX OS">REX</a> <a href="/wiki/Real-time_operating_system" title="Real-time operating system">real-time operating system</a> (RTOS) is first released on the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyocera_QCP-3035&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kyocera QCP-3035 (page does not exist)">Kyocera QCP-3035</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-QualcommBREW_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QualcommBREW-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>2002 <ul><li>March <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BlackBerry_Limited" title="BlackBerry Limited">BlackBerry</a> releases its first smartphone, running <a href="/wiki/Java_Platform,_Micro_Edition" title="Java Platform, Micro Edition">Java 2 Micro Edition</a> (J2ME).<sup id="cite_ref-BlackBerryPhone_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BlackBerryPhone-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UIQ" title="UIQ">UIQ</a> is first released, at v2.0,<sup id="cite_ref-UIQHistory_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UIQHistory-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on <a href="/wiki/Symbian" title="Symbian">Symbian OS</a>, and becomes available later in the year on the <a href="/wiki/Sony_Ericsson_P800" title="Sony Ericsson P800">Sony Ericsson P800</a>, the successor to the Ericsson R380.<sup id="cite_ref-P800HandsOn_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-P800HandsOn-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>June <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>'s first <a href="/wiki/Windows_CE" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows CE">Windows CE</a> (Pocket PC) smartphones are introduced.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia</a>'s Symbian <a href="/wiki/S60_(software_platform)" title="S60 (software platform)">Series 60 (S60) platform</a> is released with the <a href="/wiki/Nokia_7650" title="Nokia 7650">Nokia 7650</a>, Nokia's first phone with a camera and <a href="/wiki/Multimedia_Messaging_Service" title="Multimedia Messaging Service">Multimedia Messaging Service</a> (MMS).<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> S60 would form the basis of the OS on most of Nokia's smartphones until 2011, when they adopted Microsoft's <a href="/wiki/Windows_Phone_7" title="Windows Phone 7">Windows Phone 7</a>. S60 was also used on some phones from <a href="/wiki/Samsung" title="Samsung">Samsung</a> and others, and later by <a href="/wiki/Sony_Ericsson" class="mw-redirect" title="Sony Ericsson">Sony Ericsson</a> after the consolidation of some Symbian UI variants in 2008.</li></ul></li> <li>October – The <a href="/wiki/Danger_Hiptop" title="Danger Hiptop">Danger Hiptop</a> (T-Mobile Sidekick in U.S.) is first released by <a href="/wiki/Danger_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Danger (company)">Danger, Inc.</a>, running <a href="/wiki/Danger_Hiptop#Software" title="Danger Hiptop">DangerOS</a>.</li></ul></li> <li>2003 – <a href="/wiki/Motorola" title="Motorola">Motorola</a> introduces first Linux-based cellphone <a href="/wiki/Motorola_A760" class="mw-redirect" title="Motorola A760">Motorola A760</a> base on <a href="/wiki/MontaVista#Mobile_phones" title="MontaVista">Linux MontaVista</a> distribution.</li> <li>2005 <ul><li>May – Microsoft announces <a href="/wiki/Windows_Mobile_5.0" title="Windows Mobile 5.0">Windows Mobile 5.0</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>November – Nokia introduces <a href="/wiki/Maemo" title="Maemo">Maemo</a> OS on the first, small Internet tablet, the <a href="/wiki/Nokia_770_Internet_Tablet" title="Nokia 770 Internet Tablet">N770</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a 4.13" screen.</li></ul></li> <li>2007 <ul><li>January – Apple's <a href="/wiki/IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</a> with iOS (named "iPhone OS" for its first three releases) is introduced as a "widescreen iPod", "mobile phone", and "Internet communicator".<sup id="cite_ref-Macworld2007Keynote_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Macworld2007Keynote-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>February – Microsoft announces <a href="/wiki/Windows_Mobile_6.0" title="Windows Mobile 6.0">Windows Mobile 6.0</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>May – <a href="/wiki/Palm,_Inc." title="Palm, Inc.">Palm</a> announces the <a href="/wiki/Palm_Foleo" title="Palm Foleo">Palm Foleo</a>, a "Mobile Companion" device similar to a <a href="/wiki/Subnotebook" title="Subnotebook">subnotebook</a> computer, running a modified <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> kernel and relying on a companion <a href="/wiki/Palm_Treo" title="Palm Treo">Palm Treo</a> smartphone to send and retrieve mail, as well as provide data connectivity when away from WiFi.<sup id="cite_ref-PalmFoleoAnnounced_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PalmFoleoAnnounced-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Palm canceled Foleo development on September 4, 2007, after facing public criticism.<sup id="cite_ref-PalmFoleoCanceled_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PalmFoleoCanceled-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>June – World's very first <a href="/wiki/IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</a> is released in the United States.</li> <li>November – <a href="/wiki/Open_Handset_Alliance" title="Open Handset Alliance">Open Handset Alliance</a> (OHA) is established, led by <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> with 34 members (<a href="/wiki/HTC" title="HTC">HTC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dell" title="Dell">Dell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Motorola_Mobility" title="Motorola Mobility">Motorola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samsung_Electronics" title="Samsung Electronics">Samsung</a>, <a href="/wiki/LG_Electronics" title="LG Electronics">LG</a>, etc.)<sup id="cite_ref-AndroidAnnouce_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AndroidAnnouce-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>2008 <ul><li>February – <a href="/wiki/LiMo_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="LiMo Foundation">LiMo Foundation</a> announces the first phones running the <a href="/wiki/LiMo_Platform" class="mw-redirect" title="LiMo Platform">LiMo</a> mobile Linux distribution, from <a href="/wiki/Motorola_Mobility" title="Motorola Mobility">Motorola</a>, <a href="/wiki/NEC_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="NEC Corporation">NEC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panasonic" title="Panasonic">Panasonic Mobile</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Samsung_Electronics" title="Samsung Electronics">Samsung</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FirstLiMoPhones1_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FirstLiMoPhones1-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FirstLiMoPhones2_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FirstLiMoPhones2-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> released later in the year. The LiMo Foundation later became the <a href="/wiki/Tizen_Association" title="Tizen Association">Tizen Association</a> and LiMo was subsumed by <a href="/wiki/Tizen" title="Tizen">Tizen</a>.</li> <li>June – Nokia becomes the sole owner of <a href="/wiki/Symbian_Ltd" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbian Ltd">Symbian Ltd</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NokiaBuysOutSymbianLtd_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NokiaBuysOutSymbianLtd-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Symbian_Foundation" title="Symbian Foundation">Symbian Foundation</a> was then formed to co-ordinate the future development of the Symbian platform among the corporations using it, in a manner similar to the <a href="/wiki/Open_Handset_Alliance" title="Open Handset Alliance">Open Handset Alliance</a> with Android.<sup id="cite_ref-SymbianFoundationFormed_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SymbianFoundationFormed-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nokia remained the major contributor to Symbian's code.</li> <li>July – Apple releases <a href="/wiki/IPhone_OS_2" title="IPhone OS 2">iPhone OS 2</a> with the <a href="/wiki/IPhone_3G" title="IPhone 3G">iPhone 3G</a>, making available Apple's <a href="/wiki/App_Store_(iOS)" class="mw-redirect" title="App Store (iOS)">App Store</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>October – OHA releases Android (based on <a href="/wiki/Linux_kernel" title="Linux kernel">Linux kernel</a>) 1.0 with the <a href="/wiki/HTC_Dream" title="HTC Dream">HTC Dream</a> (T-Mobile G1) as the first Android phone.<sup id="cite_ref-TalkAndroidG1Event_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TalkAndroidG1Event-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>November – Symbian^1, the <a href="/wiki/Symbian_Foundation" title="Symbian Foundation">Symbian Foundation</a>'s touch-specific S60-based platform (equivalent to <a href="/wiki/S60_5th_edition" class="mw-redirect" title="S60 5th edition">S60 5th edition</a>) is first released on Nokia's first touchscreen Symbian phone, the <a href="/wiki/Nokia_5800_XpressMusic" title="Nokia 5800 XpressMusic">Nokia 5800 XpressMusic</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Nokia5800Press_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nokia5800Press-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a resistive screen and a stylus.<sup id="cite_ref-Nokia5800Specs_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nokia5800Specs-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Symbian^1 being derived from S60 meant that support for <a href="/wiki/UIQ" title="UIQ">UIQ</a> disappeared and no further devices using UIQ were released.<sup id="cite_ref-UIQBankruptcy_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UIQBankruptcy-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>2009 <ul><li>January <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a> announces <a href="/wiki/Moblin" title="Moblin">Moblin</a> 2, specifically created for <a href="/wiki/Netbook" title="Netbook">netbooks</a> that run the company's <a href="/wiki/Intel_Atom" title="Intel Atom">Atom</a> processor.<sup id="cite_ref-Moblin2_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moblin2-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2009 Intel turned Moblin over to the <a href="/wiki/Linux_Foundation" title="Linux Foundation">Linux Foundation</a>.</li> <li>Palm introduces <a href="/wiki/WebOS" title="WebOS">webOS</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Palm_Pre" title="Palm Pre">Palm Pre</a><sup id="cite_ref-PalmPreAnnounced_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PalmPreAnnounced-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (released in June).<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new OS is not backward-compatible with their previous Palm OS.</li></ul></li> <li>February <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palm,_Inc." title="Palm, Inc.">Palm</a> announces that no further devices with Palm OS are going to be released by the company.<sup id="cite_ref-NoMorePalmOSDevices_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NoMorePalmOSDevices-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (The last was the <a href="/wiki/Palm_Centro" title="Palm Centro">Palm Centro</a>, released October 14, 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-PalmCentroHandsOn_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PalmCentroHandsOn-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> announces <a href="/wiki/Windows_Mobile_6.5" title="Windows Mobile 6.5">Windows Mobile 6.5</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an "unwanted stopgap" update to Windows Mobile 6.1 intended to bridge the gap between version 6.1 and the then yet-to-be released Windows Mobile 7 (later canceled in favor of <a href="/wiki/Windows_Phone" title="Windows Phone">Windows Phone 7</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-WM65stopgap_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WM65stopgap-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BallmerWeScrewedUp_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BallmerWeScrewedUp-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first devices running it appeared in late October 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-ZDNetWM65devices_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZDNetWM65devices-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>May – <a href="/wiki/Danger_Hiptop#Software" title="Danger Hiptop">DangerOS</a> 5.0 becomes available, based on <a href="/wiki/NetBSD" title="NetBSD">NetBSD</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DangerNetBSD_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DangerNetBSD-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>June – Apple releases <a href="/wiki/IPhone_OS_3" title="IPhone OS 3">iPhone OS 3</a> with the <a href="/wiki/IPhone_3GS" title="IPhone 3GS">iPhone 3GS</a>.</li> <li>November – Nokia releases the <a href="/wiki/Nokia_N900" title="Nokia N900">Nokia N900</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-NokiaN900releasedUS_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NokiaN900releasedUS-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> its first and only smartphone running the <a href="/wiki/Maemo" title="Maemo">Maemo</a> OS intended for "handheld computers...with voice capability", while stating that they remain focused on <a href="/wiki/Symbian" title="Symbian">Symbian</a> <a href="/wiki/S60_(software_platform)" title="S60 (software platform)">S60</a> as their smartphone OS.<sup id="cite_ref-NokiaN900review_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NokiaN900review-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Nokia had previously released three <a href="/wiki/Mobile_Internet_device" title="Mobile Internet device">Mobile Internet devices</a> running Maemo, without cellular network connectivity.)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2010s">2010s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 2010s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2010">2010</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 2010"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>February <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MeeGo" title="MeeGo">MeeGo</a> is announced, a mobile Linux distribution merging Maemo from Nokia and <a href="/wiki/Moblin" title="Moblin">Moblin</a> from Intel and Linux Foundation, to be hosted by Linux Foundation.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MeeGo is not backward-compatible with any previous operating system.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samsung_Electronics" title="Samsung Electronics">Samsung</a> introduces the <a href="/wiki/Bada_(operating_system)" title="Bada (operating system)">Bada</a> OS and shows the first Bada smartphone, the <a href="/wiki/Samsung_S8500" class="mw-redirect" title="Samsung S8500">Samsung S8500</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SamsungS8500Specs_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SamsungS8500Specs-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was later released in May 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>April <ul><li>Apple releases the <a href="/wiki/IPad" title="IPad">iPad</a> (<a href="/wiki/IPad_(1st_generation)" title="IPad (1st generation)">first generation</a>) with <a href="/wiki/IPhone_OS_3" title="IPhone OS 3">iPhone OS 3.2</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-iPadAvailable_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iPadAvailable-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is the first version of the OS to support tablet computers. For its next major version (4.0) iPhone OS will be renamed iOS.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">HP</a> acquires Palm in order to use <a href="/wiki/WebOS" title="WebOS">webOS</a> in multiple new products, including smartphones, tablets, and <a href="/wiki/Printer_(computing)" title="Printer (computing)">printers</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-HPacquiresPalm_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HPacquiresPalm-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> later stating their intent to use it as the universal platform for all their devices.<sup id="cite_ref-HPwebOS_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HPwebOS-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>May – Microsoft <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Kin" title="Microsoft Kin">Kin</a> phone line with KIN OS (based on <a href="/wiki/Windows_CE" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows CE">Windows CE</a> and a "close cousin" to <a href="/wiki/Windows_Phone" title="Windows Phone">Windows Phone</a><sup id="cite_ref-KinOSWinPhone_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KinOSWinPhone-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) become available.</li> <li>June – Apple releases <a href="/wiki/IOS_4" title="IOS 4">iOS 4</a>, renamed from iPhone OS, with the <a href="/wiki/IPhone_4" title="IPhone 4">iPhone 4</a>.</li> <li>July – Microsoft <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Kin" title="Microsoft Kin">Kin</a> phones and KIN OS are discontinued.<sup id="cite_ref-VerizonReturnsKins_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VerizonReturnsKins-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-KinIsDead_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KinIsDead-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>September <ul><li>Apple releases a variant of iOS powering the new <a href="/wiki/Apple_TV#2nd_and_3rd_generation" title="Apple TV">2nd generation Apple TV</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-iOSAppleTV_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iOSAppleTV-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbian_OS" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbian OS">Symbian^3</a> is first released on the <a href="/wiki/Nokia_N8" title="Nokia N8">Nokia N8</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NokiaN8Shipping_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NokiaN8Shipping-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NokiaN8Specs_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NokiaN8Specs-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This would be Nokia's last flagship device running Symbian (though not their last Symbian phone), before switching to <a href="/wiki/Windows_Phone_7" title="Windows Phone 7">Windows Phone 7</a> for future flagship phones.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Danger_Hiptop" title="Danger Hiptop">Danger Hiptop</a> line and <a href="/wiki/Danger_Hiptop#Software" title="Danger Hiptop">DangerOS</a> are discontinued as a result of Microsoft's acquisition of <a href="/wiki/Danger_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Danger (company)">Danger, Inc.</a> in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>November <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia</a> assumes full control over Symbian as the Symbian Foundation disintegrates.<sup id="cite_ref-NokiaReabsorbsSymbian_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NokiaReabsorbsSymbian-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Windows Phone OS is released<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on Windows Phone 7 <a href="/wiki/List_of_Windows_Phone_7_devices" title="List of Windows Phone 7 devices">phones</a> by <a href="/wiki/HTC" title="HTC">HTC</a>, <a href="/wiki/LG" title="LG">LG</a>, Samsung, and <a href="/wiki/Dell" title="Dell">Dell</a>. The new OS is not backward-compatible with the prior <a href="/wiki/Windows_Mobile" title="Windows Mobile">Windows Mobile</a> OS.<sup id="cite_ref-Miniman_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miniman-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2011">2011</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 2011"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>February <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Android_version_history#v3.x_Honeycomb" title="Android version history">Android 3.0</a> (Honeycomb), the first version to officially support tablet computers, is released on the Motorola <a href="/wiki/Motorola_Xoom" title="Motorola Xoom">Xoom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Android3Xoom_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Android3Xoom-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia</a> abandons the Symbian OS and announces that it would use Microsoft's Windows Phone 7 as its primary smartphone platform, while Symbian would be gradually wound down.<sup id="cite_ref-NokiaDropsSymbian_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NokiaDropsSymbian-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RIPSymbian_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RIPSymbian-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>April – <a href="/wiki/BlackBerry_Tablet_OS" title="BlackBerry Tablet OS">BlackBerry Tablet OS</a>, based on <a href="/wiki/QNX_Neutrino" class="mw-redirect" title="QNX Neutrino">QNX Neutrino</a> is released on the <a href="/wiki/BlackBerry_Limited" title="BlackBerry Limited">BlackBerry</a> <a href="/wiki/BlackBerry_PlayBook" title="BlackBerry PlayBook">PlayBook</a>.</li> <li>July <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mozilla" title="Mozilla">Mozilla</a> announces their <i>Boot to Gecko</i> project (later named <a href="/wiki/Firefox_OS" title="Firefox OS">Firefox OS</a>) to develop an OS for handheld devices emphasizing standards-based Web technologies,<sup id="cite_ref-MozBoottoGecko_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MozBoottoGecko-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> similar to webOS.</li> <li>webOS 3.0, the first version to support tablet computers, is released on the HP <a href="/wiki/HP_TouchPad" title="HP TouchPad">TouchPad</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-webOS3_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webOS3-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>August – <a href="/wiki/Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">HP</a> announces that webOS device development and production lines would be halted.<sup id="cite_ref-HPkillswebOS_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HPkillswebOS-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The last HP webOS version, 3.0.5, is released on January 12, 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-webOS305_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webOS305-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>September <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MeeGo" title="MeeGo">MeeGo</a> is introduced with the limited-release <a href="/wiki/Nokia_N9" title="Nokia N9">Nokia N9</a>, Nokia's first and only consumer device to use the OS.<sup id="cite_ref-NokiaN9last_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NokiaN9last-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (A small number of the <a href="/wiki/Nokia_N950" title="Nokia N950">Nokia N950</a>, a MeeGo phone available only to developers, were released in mid-2011.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li> <li>After Nokia's abandonment of MeeGo, Intel and the Linux Foundation announce a partnership with <a href="/wiki/Samsung" title="Samsung">Samsung</a> to launch <a href="/wiki/Tizen" title="Tizen">Tizen</a>, shifting their focus from MeeGo (Intel and Linux Foundation) and <a href="/wiki/Bada_(operating_system)" title="Bada (operating system)">Bada</a> (Samsung) during 2011 and 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-IntelSamsungLaunchTizen_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IntelSamsungLaunchTizen-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>October <ul><li>Apple releases <a href="/wiki/IOS_5" title="IOS 5">iOS 5</a> with the <a href="/wiki/IPhone_4S" class="mw-redirect" title="IPhone 4S">iPhone 4S</a>, integrating the <a href="/wiki/Siri" title="Siri">Siri</a> voice assistant.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Mer_(software_distribution)" title="Mer (software distribution)">Mer</a> project is announced, based on an ultra-portable core for building products, composed of Linux, <a href="/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5">HTML5</a>, <a href="/wiki/QML" title="QML">QML</a>, and <a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a>, which is derived from the MeeGo codebase.</li></ul></li> <li>November – <a href="/wiki/Fire_OS" title="Fire OS">Fire OS</a>, a fork of the Android operating system, is released by <a href="/wiki/Amazon.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon.com">Amazon.com</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Fire_tablet" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon Fire tablet">Kindle Fire</a> tablet.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2012">2012</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 2012"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>May – Nokia releases the <a href="/wiki/Nokia_808_PureView" title="Nokia 808 PureView">Nokia 808 PureView</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-808PureViewRelease_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-808PureViewRelease-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> later confirmed (in January 2013) to be the last Symbian smartphone.<sup id="cite_ref-TheLastSymbianPhone_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheLastSymbianPhone-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This phone was followed by a single last Symbian software update, "Nokia Belle, Feature Pack 2", later in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>July <ul><li>Finnish start-up <a href="/wiki/Jolla" title="Jolla">Jolla</a>, formed by former Nokia employees, announces that MeeGo's community-driven successor <a href="/wiki/Mer_(software_distribution)" title="Mer (software distribution)">Mer</a><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> would be the basis of their new <a href="/wiki/Sailfish_OS" title="Sailfish OS">Sailfish</a> smartphone OS.<sup id="cite_ref-JollaMeeGofaithful_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JollaMeeGofaithful-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozilla" title="Mozilla">Mozilla</a> announces that the project formerly named <i>Boot to Gecko</i> (which is built atop an Android Linux kernel using Android drivers and services; however it uses no Java-like code of Android) is now <a href="/wiki/Firefox_OS" title="Firefox OS">Firefox OS</a> (since discontinued) and has several handset OEMs on board.</li></ul></li> <li>August – Samsung announces they will not ship further phones using their Bada OS, instead focusing on <a href="/wiki/Windows_Phone_8" title="Windows Phone 8">Windows Phone 8</a> and Android.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>September – Apple releases <a href="/wiki/IOS_6" title="IOS 6">iOS 6</a> with the <a href="/wiki/IPhone_5" title="IPhone 5">iPhone 5</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2013">2013</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 2013"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>January – <a href="/wiki/Research_in_Motion" class="mw-redirect" title="Research in Motion">BlackBerry</a> releases their new operating system for smartphones, <a href="/wiki/BlackBerry_10" title="BlackBerry 10">BlackBerry 10</a>, with their <a href="/wiki/BlackBerry_Q10" title="BlackBerry Q10">Q10</a> and <a href="/wiki/BlackBerry_Z10" title="BlackBerry Z10">Z10</a> smartphones.<sup id="cite_ref-BB10release_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BB10release-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> BlackBerry 10 is not backward-compatible with the <a href="/wiki/BlackBerry_OS" title="BlackBerry OS">BlackBerry OS</a> used on their previous smartphones.</li> <li>February – <a href="/wiki/Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">HP</a> sells webOS to LG.<sup id="cite_ref-LGacquresWebOS_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LGacquresWebOS-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LGbuyswebOS_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LGbuyswebOS-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>September – Apple releases <a href="/wiki/IOS_7" title="IOS 7">iOS 7</a> with the <a href="/wiki/IPhone_5S" class="mw-redirect" title="IPhone 5S">iPhone 5S</a> and <a href="/wiki/IPhone_5C" class="mw-redirect" title="IPhone 5C">iPhone 5C</a>.</li> <li>October <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_Ltd." class="mw-redirect" title="Canonical Ltd.">Canonical</a> announces <a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_Touch" title="Ubuntu Touch">Ubuntu Touch</a>, a version of the Linux distribution expressly designed for smartphones. The OS is built on the Android Linux kernel, using Android drivers and services, but does not use any of the Java-like code of Android.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Verge_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Verge-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> releases Android KitKat 4.4.</li></ul></li> <li>November – <a href="/wiki/Jolla" title="Jolla">Jolla</a> releases <a href="/wiki/Sailfish_OS" title="Sailfish OS">Sailfish OS</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Jolla_(smartphone)" title="Jolla (smartphone)">Jolla smartphone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-JollaSmartphoneSpecs_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JollaSmartphoneSpecs-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2014">2014</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 2014"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>February <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> releases <a href="/wiki/Windows_Phone_8.1" title="Windows Phone 8.1">Windows Phone 8.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia</a> introduces their <a href="/wiki/Nokia_X_platform" title="Nokia X platform">Nokia X platform</a> OS as an Android 4.1.2 Jelly Bean fork on the <a href="/wiki/Nokia_X_family" title="Nokia X family">Nokia X family</a> of smartphones.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similar to <a href="/wiki/Amazon.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon.com">Amazon.com</a>'s Fire OS, it replaces Google's apps and services with ones from Nokia (such as <a href="/wiki/Here_Maps" class="mw-redirect" title="Here Maps">HERE Maps</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nokia_Xpress" title="Nokia Xpress">Nokia Xpress</a> and <a href="/wiki/MixRadio" title="MixRadio">MixRadio</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nokia_Store" class="mw-redirect" title="Nokia Store">Nokia's own app store</a>) and Microsoft (such as <a href="/wiki/Skype" title="Skype">Skype</a> and <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Outlook" title="Microsoft Outlook">Outlook</a>), with a user interface that mimics the Windows Phone UI. After the acquisition of Nokia's devices unit, Microsoft announced in July 2014 that no more Nokia X smartphones would be introduced, marking the end of the platform just a few months later.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>August – The <a href="/wiki/Samsung_ZEQ_9000" title="Samsung ZEQ 9000">Samsung SM-Z9005 Z</a> is the first phone released running Tizen, with v2.2.1 of the OS.<sup id="cite_ref-SamsungSMZ9005Specs_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SamsungSMZ9005Specs-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>September <ul><li>Apple releases <a href="/wiki/IOS_8" title="IOS 8">iOS 8</a> with the <a href="/wiki/IPhone_6" title="IPhone 6">iPhone 6 and 6 Plus</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BlackBerry_Limited" title="BlackBerry Limited">BlackBerry</a> releases <a href="/wiki/BlackBerry_10" title="BlackBerry 10">BlackBerry 10</a> version 10.3 with integration with the <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Appstore" title="Amazon Appstore">Amazon Appstore</a></li></ul></li> <li>November – Google releases <a href="/wiki/Android_Lollipop" title="Android Lollipop">Android 5.0 "Lollipop"</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2015">2015</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 2015"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>February – Google releases Android 5.1 "Lollipop".</li> <li>April <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LG_Electronics" title="LG Electronics">LG</a> releases the LG Watch Urbane LTE <a href="/wiki/Smartwatch" title="Smartwatch">smartwatch</a> running "LG Wearable Platform OS" based on webOS.<sup id="cite_ref-LGwebOSwatch_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LGwebOSwatch-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LGWatchImpressions_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LGWatchImpressions-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is a version of their Android <a href="/wiki/Wear_OS" title="Wear OS">Wear OS</a>-based <a href="/wiki/LG_Watch_Urbane" title="LG Watch Urbane">LG Watch Urbane</a>, with added <a href="/wiki/LTE_(telecommunication)" title="LTE (telecommunication)">LTE</a> connectivity.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WatchOS" title="WatchOS">watchOS</a>, based on iOS, is released by Apple with the <a href="/wiki/Apple_Watch" title="Apple Watch">Apple Watch</a>.</li></ul></li> <li>September <ul><li>Apple releases <a href="/wiki/IOS_9" title="IOS 9">iOS 9</a> with the <a href="/wiki/IPhone_6S" class="mw-redirect" title="IPhone 6S">iPhone 6S and 6S Plus</a>, <a href="/wiki/IPad_Pro#First_generation" title="IPad Pro">iPad Pro</a>, and <a href="/wiki/IPad_Mini_4" title="IPad Mini 4">iPad Mini 4</a>, plus <a href="/wiki/WatchOS#watchOS_2.x" title="WatchOS">watchOS 2</a>. <a href="/wiki/TvOS" title="TvOS">tvOS</a> 9 is also made distinct from iOS, with its own App Store, launching with <a href="/wiki/Apple_TV#4th_and_5th_generation" title="Apple TV">Apple TV 4th generation</a>.</li> <li>Google releases <a href="/wiki/Android_Marshmallow" title="Android Marshmallow">Android 6.0 "Marshmallow"</a>.</li></ul></li> <li>October – BlackBerry announces that there are no plans to release new APIs and software development kits for BlackBerry 10, and future updates would focus on security and privacy enhancements only.<sup id="cite_ref-BB10development_end_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BB10development_end-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>November – Microsoft releases <a href="/wiki/Windows_10_Mobile" title="Windows 10 Mobile">Windows 10 Mobile</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rtmga_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rtmga-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2016">2016</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 2016"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>February – Microsoft releases the <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Lumia_650" title="Microsoft Lumia 650">Lumia 650</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Lumia650released_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lumia650released-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> their last <a href="/wiki/Windows_10_Mobile" title="Windows 10 Mobile">Windows 10 Mobile</a> phone before discontinuing all mobile hardware production the following year.<sup id="cite_ref-W10MobileEnd_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-W10MobileEnd-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>July – The <a href="/wiki/BlackBerry_Classic" title="BlackBerry Classic">BlackBerry Classic</a>, the last device to date running a BlackBerry OS is discontinued.<sup id="cite_ref-BBClassicDiscontinued_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBClassicDiscontinued-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While BlackBerry Limited claimed to still be committed to the BlackBerry 10 operating system,<sup id="cite_ref-BB10NotDead_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BB10NotDead-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> they have since only shipped Android devices after releasing the <a href="/wiki/BlackBerry_Priv" title="BlackBerry Priv">BlackBerry Priv</a>, their first Android smartphone in November 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-BBPrivPreorder_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBPrivPreorder-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>August <ul><li>Google posts the <a href="/wiki/Fuchsia_(operating_system)" title="Fuchsia (operating system)">Fuchsia</a> source code on GitHub.</li> <li>Google releases <a href="/wiki/Android_Nougat" title="Android Nougat">Android 7.0 "Nougat"</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>September – Apple releases <a href="/wiki/IOS_10" title="IOS 10">iOS 10</a> with the <a href="/wiki/IPhone_7" title="IPhone 7">iPhone 7 and 7 Plus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/WatchOS#watchOS_3.x" title="WatchOS">watchOS 3</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Apple_Watch_Series_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Watch Series 2">Apple Watch Series 1 and 2</a>.</li> <li>November <ul><li>Tizen releases Tizen 3.0.</li> <li>BlackBerry releases BlackBerry 10 version 10.3.3.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2017">2017</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: 2017"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>April <ul><li>Development of <a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_Touch" title="Ubuntu Touch">Ubuntu Touch</a> is transferred from Canonical Ltd. to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=UBports_Foundation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UBports Foundation (page does not exist)">UBports Foundation</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Samsung officially launches Android-based <a href="/wiki/Samsung_Experience" title="Samsung Experience">Samsung Experience</a> custom firmware starting with version 8.1 on <a href="/wiki/Samsung_Galaxy_S8" title="Samsung Galaxy S8">Samsung Galaxy S8</a>.</li></ul></li> <li>May <ul><li>Samsung announces Tizen 4.0 at Tizen Developer Conference 2017.</li></ul></li> <li>August <ul><li>Google releases <a href="/wiki/Android_Oreo" title="Android Oreo">Android 8.0 "Oreo"</a>.</li></ul></li> <li>September <ul><li>Apple releases <a href="/wiki/IOS_11" title="IOS 11">iOS 11</a> with the <a href="/wiki/IPhone_8" title="IPhone 8">iPhone 8 and 8 Plus</a> and <a href="/wiki/IPhone_X" title="IPhone X">iPhone X</a>, and <a href="/wiki/WatchOS#watchOS_4.x" title="WatchOS">watchOS 4</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Apple_Watch_Series_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Watch Series 3">Apple Watch Series 3</a>.</li></ul></li> <li>October <ul><li>Microsoft announces that Windows 10 Mobile development is going into maintenance mode only, ending the release of any new features or functionality due to lack of market penetration and resultant lack of interest from app developers,<sup id="cite_ref-cnetW10MobileDead_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnetW10MobileDead-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-etW10MobileDead_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-etW10MobileDead-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and releases the final major update to it, the "<a href="/wiki/Windows_10_Mobile_version_history#Version_1709_(Fall_Creators_Update)" title="Windows 10 Mobile version history">Fall Creators Update</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherry_Mobile" class="mw-redirect" title="Cherry Mobile">Cherry Mobile</a> release CherryOS based on Android</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2018">2018</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 2018"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>February <ul><li>Samsung releases <a href="/wiki/Samsung_Experience" title="Samsung Experience">Samsung Experience 9.0</a> based on Android "Oreo" 8.0 globally to Samsung Galaxy S8 and S8+.</li></ul></li> <li>March <ul><li>Google and partners officially launches Android Go (based on Android "Oreo" 8.1 but tailored for low-end devices) with Nokia 1, Alcatel 1X, ZTE Tempo Go, General Mobile 8 Go, Micromax Bharat Go and Lava Z50.</li> <li>Google releases Android "9" as a developer preview.</li></ul></li> <li>April <ul><li>Microsoft release <a href="/wiki/Windows_10" title="Windows 10">Windows 10</a> <a href="/wiki/Windows_10_version_history#Version_1803_(April_2018_Update)" title="Windows 10 version history">Version 1803 "April 2018 Update"</a>.</li></ul></li> <li>May <ul><li>Huawei release <a href="/wiki/LiteOS" title="LiteOS">LiteOS</a> version 2.1.</li></ul></li> <li>August <ul><li>Google releases Android <a href="/wiki/Android_Pie" title="Android Pie">9.0 "Pie"</a>.</li> <li>UBPorts released Ubuntu Touch OTA-14, upgrading the OS based on the Canonical's long-term support version of <a href="/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu">Ubuntu 16.04 LTS "Xenial Xerus"</a>.</li> <li>Xiaomi officially introduces <a href="/wiki/MIUI_for_POCO" class="mw-redirect" title="MIUI for POCO">MIUI for POCO</a> for their Poco series smartphone.</li> <li>Samsung officially introduces Tizen 4.0 with the release of Samsung Galaxy Watch series.</li></ul></li> <li>September <ul><li>Apple releases <a href="/wiki/IOS_12" title="IOS 12">iOS 12</a> with the <a href="/wiki/IPhone_XS" title="IPhone XS">iPhone XS and XS Max</a>, and <a href="/wiki/WatchOS#watchOS_5.x" title="WatchOS">watchOS 5</a> with <a href="/wiki/Apple_Watch#Fourth_generation" title="Apple Watch">Apple Watch Series 4</a>.</li> <li>Huawei releases <a href="/wiki/EMUI" title="EMUI">EMUI 9.0</a>.</li></ul></li> <li>October <ul><li>Microsoft releases <a href="/wiki/Windows_10" title="Windows 10">Windows 10</a> <a href="/wiki/Windows_10_version_history" title="Windows 10 version history">Version 1809 "October 2018 Update"</a>.</li></ul></li> <li>November <ul><li>Samsung announces the <a href="/wiki/One_UI" title="One UI">One UI</a> as the latest version of the <a href="/wiki/Samsung_Experience" title="Samsung Experience">Samsung Experience UI</a>.</li> <li>Amazon released Fire OS 6 to supported Fire HD devices.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2019">2019</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: 2019"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>January <ul><li>Microsoft announces that support for Windows 10 Mobile would <a href="/wiki/End-of-life_(product)" class="mw-redirect" title="End-of-life (product)">end</a> on December 10, 2019, and that Windows 10 Mobile users should migrate to iOS or Android phones.<sup id="cite_ref-cnbcW10MobileEOL_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnbcW10MobileEOL-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-vergeW10MobileEOL_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vergeW10MobileEOL-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>June <ul><li>Apple announces <a href="/wiki/IOS_13" title="IOS 13">iOS 13</a>, <a href="/wiki/WatchOS" title="WatchOS">watchOS</a> 6, and <a href="/wiki/IPadOS" title="IPadOS">iPadOS</a> as a distinct variant of iOS.</li></ul></li> <li>August <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huawei" title="Huawei">Huawei</a> officially announces <a href="/wiki/HarmonyOS" title="HarmonyOS">HarmonyOS</a></li></ul></li> <li>September <ul><li>Apple releases <a href="/wiki/IOS_13" title="IOS 13">iOS 13</a> with the <a href="/wiki/IPhone_11" title="IPhone 11">iPhone 11</a> series, <a href="/wiki/WatchOS#watchOS_6.0" title="WatchOS">watchOS 6</a> with <a href="/wiki/Apple_Watch#Fifth_generation" title="Apple Watch">Apple Watch Series 5</a>, and <a href="/wiki/IPadOS" title="IPadOS">iPadOS</a> with the <a href="/wiki/IPad_(2019)" class="mw-redirect" title="IPad (2019)">7th generation iPad</a>.</li> <li>Google releases Android <a href="/wiki/Android_10" title="Android 10">10</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Librem_5" title="Librem 5">Librem 5</a>, the first phone running <a href="/wiki/PureOS" title="PureOS">PureOS</a>, is released.</li></ul></li> <li>October <ul><li>Samsung announces the <a href="/wiki/One_UI" title="One UI">One UI 2.0</a> as the latest version of their Galaxy Smartphone and Smartwatch UI .</li></ul></li> <li>November <ul><li>Microsoft releases the Windows 10 November 10, 2019 Update.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_software_platforms">Current software platforms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Current software platforms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_mobile_operating_systems" title="Comparison of mobile operating systems">Comparison of mobile operating systems</a>, <a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_smartphones" title="Comparison of smartphones">Comparison of smartphones</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_iPhone_models" title="List of iPhone models">List of iPhone models</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Windows_phones" title="List of Windows phones">List of Windows phones</a></div> <p>These operating systems often run atop <a href="/wiki/Baseband_processor" title="Baseband processor">baseband</a> or other <a href="/wiki/Real-time_operating_system" title="Real-time operating system">real-time operating systems</a> that handle hardware aspects of the phone. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Android">Android</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Android"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android (operating system)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Android_version_history" title="Android version history">Android version history</a></div> <p>Android (based on the modified <a href="/wiki/Linux_kernel" title="Linux kernel">Linux kernel</a>) is a mobile operating system developed by Open Handset Alliance.<sup id="cite_ref-OS_MS_3Q10_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OS_MS_3Q10-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The base system is <a href="/wiki/Free_and_open-source" class="mw-redirect" title="Free and open-source">open-source</a> (and only the kernel <a href="/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft">copyleft</a>), but the apps and drivers which provide functionality are increasingly becoming <a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">closed-source</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Besides having the largest installed base worldwide on smartphones, it is also the most popular operating system for <a href="/wiki/Turing_machine" title="Turing machine">general purpose computers</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag needs further explanation. (July 2020)">further explanation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> (a category that includes desktop computers and mobile devices), even though Android is not a popular operating system for regular (desktop) <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">personal computers</a> (PCs). Although the Android operating system is <a href="/wiki/Free_and_open-source_software" title="Free and open-source software">free and open-source software</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ICS_is_coming_to_AOSP_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICS_is_coming_to_AOSP-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in devices sold, much of the software <a href="/wiki/Product_bundling" title="Product bundling">bundled</a> with it (including Google apps and vendor-installed software) is <a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">proprietary software</a> and closed-source.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Android's releases before <a href="/wiki/Android_Eclair" title="Android Eclair">2.0</a> (1.0, <a href="/wiki/Android_Cupcake" title="Android Cupcake">1.5</a>, <a href="/wiki/Android_Donut" title="Android Donut">1.6</a>) were used exclusively on mobile phones. Android 2.x releases were mostly used for mobile phones but also some tablets. <a href="/wiki/Android_Honeycomb" title="Android Honeycomb">Android 3.0</a> was a tablet-oriented release and does not officially run on mobile phones. Both phone and tablet compatibility were merged with <a href="/wiki/Android_Ice_Cream_Sandwich" title="Android Ice Cream Sandwich">Android 4.0</a>. The current Android version is <a href="/wiki/Android_14" title="Android 14">Android 14</a>, released on October 4, 2023. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Android_One">Android One</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Android One"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Android_One" title="Android One">Android One</a></div> <p>Android One, a successor to <a href="/wiki/Google_Nexus" title="Google Nexus">Google Nexus</a>, is a software experience that runs on the unmodified Android operating system. Unlike most of the "stock" Androids running on the market, the Android One <a href="/wiki/User_interface" title="User interface">User Interface</a> (UI) closely resembles the <a href="/wiki/Google_Pixel" title="Google Pixel">Google Pixel</a> UI, due to Android One being a software experience developed by Google and distributed to partners such as <a href="/wiki/HMD_Global" title="HMD Global">Nokia Mobile (HMD)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xiaomi" title="Xiaomi">Xiaomi</a>. Thus, the UI is intended to be as clean as possible. <a href="/wiki/Original_equipment_manufacturer" title="Original equipment manufacturer">Original equipment manufacturer</a> (OEM) partners may tweak or add additional apps such as cameras to the <a href="/wiki/Firmware" title="Firmware">firmware</a>, but most of the apps are handled proprietarily by Google. Operating system updates are handled by Google and internally tested by OEMs before being distributed via an <a href="/wiki/Over-the-air_programming" class="mw-redirect" title="Over-the-air programming">OTA update</a> to <a href="/wiki/End_user" title="End user">end users</a>. </p> <dl><dd>Current Android One version list</dd></dl> <ul><li>Android One versions follow <a href="/wiki/Android_version_history" title="Android version history">those of the Android Open Source Project (AOSP)</a>, starting from <a href="/wiki/Android_Lollipop" title="Android Lollipop">Android 5.0 "Lollipop"</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="BharOS">BharOS</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: BharOS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/BharOS" title="BharOS">BharOS</a></div> <p>BharOS is a mobile operating system in India. It is an Indian government-funded project to develop a free and open-source operating system (OS) for use in government and public systems. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="BlackBerry_Secure">BlackBerry Secure</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: BlackBerry Secure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>BlackBerry Secure is an operating system developed by <a href="/wiki/BlackBerry" title="BlackBerry">BlackBerry</a>, based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP). BlackBerry officially announced the name for their Android-based <a href="/wiki/Frontend_and_backend" title="Frontend and backend">front-end</a> <a href="/wiki/Touch_user_interface" title="Touch user interface">touch interface</a> in August 2017, before which BlackBerry Secure was running on BlackBerry brand devices, such as <a href="/wiki/BlackBerry_Priv" title="BlackBerry Priv">BlackBerry Priv</a>, <a href="/wiki/BlackBerry_DTEK50" class="mw-redirect" title="BlackBerry DTEK50">DTEK 50</a>/<a href="/wiki/BlackBerry_DTEK60" class="mw-redirect" title="BlackBerry DTEK60">60</a> and <a href="/wiki/BlackBerry_KeyOne" title="BlackBerry KeyOne">BlackBerry KeyOne</a>. Currently, BlackBerry plans to license out the BlackBerry Secure to other OEMs. </p> <dl><dd>Current BlackBerry Secure version list</dd></dl> <ul><li>BlackBerry Secure version 1.x – based on <a href="/wiki/Android_Marshmallow" title="Android Marshmallow">Android "Marshmallow" 6.x</a> and <a href="/wiki/Android_Nougat" title="Android Nougat">"Nougat" 7.x</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="CalyxOS">CalyxOS</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: CalyxOS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/CalyxOS" title="CalyxOS">CalyxOS</a> is an <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a> for smartphones based on Android with mostly <a href="/wiki/Free_and_open-source_software" title="Free and open-source software">free and open-source</a> software. It is produced by the <a href="/wiki/Calyx_Institute" title="Calyx Institute">Calyx Institute</a> as part of its mission to "defend online privacy, security and accessibility." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="ColorOS">ColorOS</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: ColorOS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/ColorOS" title="ColorOS">ColorOS</a></div> <p>ColorOS is a custom front-end touch interface based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP) and developed by <a href="/wiki/OPPO_Electronics" class="mw-redirect" title="OPPO Electronics">OPPO Electronics Corp.</a> In 2016, OPPO officially released ColorOS with every OPPO and <a href="/wiki/Realme" title="Realme">Realme</a> device and released an official <a href="/wiki/BIOS" title="BIOS">ROM</a> for the <a href="/wiki/OnePlus_One" title="OnePlus One">OnePlus One</a>. Future Realme devices will have their own version of ColorOS. </p> <dl><dd>Current ColorOS version list</dd></dl> <ul><li>ColorOS 1.x – based on <a href="/wiki/Android_Jelly_Bean" title="Android Jelly Bean">Android "Jelly Bean" 4.2.x</a> and <a href="/wiki/Android_KitKat" title="Android KitKat">"KitKat" 4.4</a></li> <li>ColorOS 2.x – based on Android "KitKat" 4.4 and <a href="/wiki/Android_Lollipop" title="Android Lollipop">"Lollipop" 5</a></li> <li>ColorOS 3.x – based on Android "Lollipop" 5, "Marshmallow" 6, and "Nougat" 7</li> <li>ColorOS 5.x – based on <a href="/wiki/Android_Oreo" title="Android Oreo">Android "Oreo" 8</a></li> <li>ColorOS 6.x – based on <a href="/wiki/Android_Pie" title="Android Pie">Android "Pie" 9</a></li> <li>ColorOS 7.x – based on <a href="/wiki/Android_10" title="Android 10">Android 10</a></li> <li>ColorOS 11.x – based on <a href="/wiki/Android_12" title="Android 12">Android 11</a></li> <li>ColorOS 12.x – based on Android 11 and <a href="/wiki/Android_12" title="Android 12">12</a></li> <li>ColorOS 13.x – based on <a href="/wiki/Android_13" title="Android 13">Android 13</a></li> <li>ColorOS 14.x – based on <a href="/wiki/Android_14" title="Android 14">Android 14</a></li> <li>ColorOS 15.x – based on <a href="/wiki/Android_15" title="Android 15">Android 15</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="CopperheadOS">CopperheadOS</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: CopperheadOS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/CopperheadOS" title="CopperheadOS">CopperheadOS</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Hardening_(computing)" title="Hardening (computing)">security-hardened</a> version of Android. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="DivestOS">DivestOS</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: DivestOS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/DivestOS" title="DivestOS">DivestOS</a> is a soft fork of <a href="/wiki/LineageOS" title="LineageOS">LineageOS</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Includes Monthly Updates, FOSS Focus, Deblobbing, Security and Privacy focus, and F-Droid<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="EMUI">EMUI</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: EMUI"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/EMUI" title="EMUI">EMUI</a></div> <p>Huawei EMUI is the front-end touch interface developed by <a href="/wiki/Huawei" title="Huawei">Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd.</a> and its sub-brand <a href="/wiki/Honor_(brand)" title="Honor (brand)">Honor</a> which is based on Google's Android Open Source Project (AOSP). EMUI is preinstalled on most Huawei and Honor devices. While it was based on the open-source Android operating system, it consists of closed-source proprietary software. Since the US sanctions, it is currently a fork of Android similar to FireOS instead of a compatible one. </p><p>In mainland China, and internationally since 2020 due to U.S. sanctions, EMUI devices use Huawei Mobile Services such as Huawei AppGallery instead of Google Mobile Services. Aside from based on Android, Huawei also bundle the HarmonyOS microkernel in the latest EMUI update inside Android which handle other process including security authentication such as the fingerprint authentication.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="/e/"><span id=".2Fe.2F"></span>/e/</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: /e/"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki//e/_(operating_system)" title="/e/ (operating system)">/e/ (operating system)</a></div> <p>/e/ is an operating system <a href="/wiki/Fork_(software_development)" title="Fork (software development)">forked</a> from the source code of <a href="/wiki/LineageOS" title="LineageOS">LineageOS</a> (based on Android). /e/ targets Android smart phone devices and uses <a href="/wiki/MicroG" title="MicroG">MicroG</a> as a replacement for <a href="/wiki/Google_Play_Services" title="Google Play Services">Google Play Services</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> /e/OS is not completely <a href="/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">open source software</a>, because it comes with the proprietary Magic Earth 'Maps' app. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fire_OS">Fire OS</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Fire OS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Fire_OS" title="Fire OS">Amazon Fire OS</a> is a mobile operating system forked from Android and produced by <a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a> for its <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Fire" title="Amazon Fire">Fire range of tablets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Echo" title="Amazon Echo">Echo</a> and Echo Dot, and other content delivery devices like <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Fire_TV" title="Amazon Fire TV">Fire TV</a> (previously for their <a href="/wiki/Fire_Phone" title="Fire Phone">Fire Phone</a>). Fire OS primarily centers on content consumption, with a customized user interface and heavy ties to content available from Amazon's own storefronts and services. </p> <dl><dd>Current Fire OS version list</dd></dl> <ul><li>Fire OS 1.x</li> <li>Fire OS 2.x</li> <li>Fire OS 3.x</li> <li>Fire OS 4.x</li> <li>Fire OS 5.x</li> <li>Fire OS 6.x</li> <li>Fire OS 7.x</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Flyme_OS">Flyme OS</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Flyme OS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Flyme_OS" class="mw-redirect" title="Flyme OS">Flyme OS</a> is an operating system developed by <a href="/wiki/Meizu" title="Meizu">Meizu Technology Co., Ltd.</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">open-source</a> operating system based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP). Flyme OS is mainly installed on Meizu smartphones such as the <a href="/wiki/Meizu_MX" title="Meizu MX">MX series</a>. However, it also has official <a href="/wiki/BIOS" title="BIOS">ROM</a> support for a few Android devices. </p> <dl><dd>Current Flyme OS version list</dd></dl> <ul><li>Flyme OS 1.x.x – based on <a href="/wiki/Android_Ice_Cream_Sandwich" title="Android Ice Cream Sandwich">Android "Ice Cream Sandwich"</a> 4.0.3, initial release</li> <li>Flyme OS 2.x.x – based on <a href="/wiki/Android_Jelly_Bean" title="Android Jelly Bean">Android "Jelly Bean"</a> 4.1.x – 4.2.x</li> <li>Flyme OS 3.x.x – based on Android "Jelly Bean" 4.3.x</li> <li>Flyme OS 4.x.x – based on <a href="/wiki/Android_KitKat" title="Android KitKat">Android "KitKat"</a> 4.4.x</li> <li>Flyme OS 5.x.x – based on Android "Lollipop" 5.0.x – 5.1.x</li> <li>Flyme OS 6.x.x – based on Android "Nougat" 7.x, "Marshmallow" 6.0.x and "Lollipop" 5.0.x – 5.1.x for old devices<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Flyme OS 7.x.x – based on Android "Pie" 9, "Oreo" 8.x and "Nougat" 7.x</li> <li>Flyme OS 8.x.x – based on Android 10, "Pie" 9, "Oreo" 8.x and "Nougat" 7.x</li> <li>Flyme OS 9.x.x – based on <a href="/wiki/Android_11" title="Android 11">Android 11</a> and 10</li> <li>Flyme OS 10.x.x – based on <a href="/wiki/Android_13" title="Android 13">Android 13</a></li> <li>Flyme AIOS (11.x.x) – based on <a href="/wiki/Android_14" title="Android 14">Android 14</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="FuntouchOS">FuntouchOS</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: FuntouchOS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>FuntouchOS is a custom user interface developed by <a href="/wiki/Vivo_Smartphone" class="mw-redirect" title="Vivo Smartphone">Vivo</a> that is based on the Android Open Source Project. FuntouchOS 10.5 had a redesigned UI that resembled stock Androids. </p> <dl><dd>Current FuntouchOS version list</dd></dl> <ul><li>FuntouchOS 2.x – based on Android "KitKat" 4.4, Android "Lollipop" 5 and Android "Marshmallow" 6, initial release</li> <li>FuntouchOS 3.x – based on Android "Marshmallow" 6 and Android "Nougat" 7</li> <li>FuntouchOS 4.x – based on Android "Oreo" 8</li> <li>FuntouchOS 9.x – based on Android "Pie" 9</li> <li>FuntouchOS 10.x – based on Android "Pie" 9 and Android 10</li> <li>FuntouchOS 10.5 – based on Android 10 and <a href="/wiki/Android_11" title="Android 11">Android 11</a>, redesigned UI</li> <li>FuntouchOS 11.x – based on Android 10 and Android 11</li> <li>FuntouchOS 12.x – based on Android 11 and Android 12</li> <li>FuntouchOS 13 – based on <a href="/wiki/Android_13" title="Android 13">Android 13</a></li> <li>FuntouchOS 14 – based on <a href="/wiki/Android_14" title="Android 14">Android 14</a></li> <li>FuntouchOS 15 – based on <a href="/wiki/Android_15" title="Android 15">Android 15</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="iQOO_UI">iQOO UI</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: iQOO UI"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>iQOO UI was a custom user interface based on Vivo's FuntouchOS. The UI largely resembled its predecessor, with a customized UI on top of the FuntouchOS. It was installed on iQOO smartphones sold in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> and later was succeeded by OriginOS </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="GrapheneOS">GrapheneOS</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: GrapheneOS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/GrapheneOS" title="GrapheneOS">GrapheneOS</a></div> <p>GrapheneOS is a variant of Android for <a href="/wiki/Google_Pixel" title="Google Pixel">Pixel</a> hardware. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hello_UI">Hello UI</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Hello UI"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hello UI (formerly called My UI and My UX) is a custom Android UI developed by Motorola for their devices. It used to look like the stock Android user experience up until My UI 3.x. </p> <dl><dd>Current Hello UI version list</dd></dl> <ul><li>My UX 1.x – based on Android 10, initial release</li> <li>My UI 2.x – based on Android 11</li> <li>My UI 3.x – based on Android 12</li> <li>My UI 4.x – based on Android 12</li> <li>My UI 5.x – based on Android 13</li> <li>Hello UI – based on Android 14</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="HiOS">HiOS</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: HiOS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/HiOS" title="HiOS">HiOS</a></div> <p>HiOS is an Android-based operating system developed by <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> mobile phone manufacturer <a href="/wiki/Tecno_Mobile" title="Tecno Mobile">Tecno Mobile</a>, a subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/Transsion" title="Transsion">Transsion Holdings</a>, exclusively for their smartphones. HiOS allows for a wide range of user customization without requiring <a href="/wiki/Rooting_(Android_OS)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rooting (Android OS)">rooting</a> the mobile device. The operating system is also bundled with utility applications that allow users to free up memory, freeze applications, limit data accessibility to applications among others. HiOS comes with features like Launcher, Private Safe, Split Screen and Lockscreen Notification. </p> <dl><dd>Current HiOS version list</dd></dl> <ul><li>HiOS 1.x – based on Android "Marshmallow" 6</li> <li>HiOS 2.x – based on Android "Nougat" 7</li> <li>HiOS 3.x – based on Android "Nougat" 7</li> <li>HiOS 4.x – based on Android "Oreo" 8</li> <li>HiOS 5.x – based on Android "Pie" 9</li> <li>HiOS 6.x – based on Android 10</li> <li>HiOS 7.x – based on Android 10</li> <li>HiOS 7.6.x – based on Android 11</li> <li>HiOS 8.x – based on Android 11</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="HTC_Sense">HTC Sense</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: HTC Sense"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/HTC_Sense" title="HTC Sense">HTC Sense</a></div> <p>HTC Sense is a software suite developed by HTC, used primarily on the company's Android-based devices. Serving as a successor to HTC's <a href="/wiki/TouchFLO_3D" title="TouchFLO 3D">TouchFLO 3D</a> software for <a href="/wiki/Windows_Mobile" title="Windows Mobile">Windows Mobile</a>, Sense modifies many aspects of the Android <a href="/wiki/User_experience" title="User experience">user experience</a>, incorporating added features (such as an altered home screen and keyboard), <a href="/wiki/Desktop_widget" class="mw-redirect" title="Desktop widget">widgets</a>, HTC-developed applications, and redesigned applications. The first device with Sense, the <a href="/wiki/HTC_Hero" title="HTC Hero">HTC Hero</a>, was released in 2009. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="HyperOS">HyperOS</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: HyperOS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Xiaomi HyperOS or HyperOS (formerly called <a href="/wiki/MIUI" title="MIUI">MIUI</a><sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), developed by the Chinese electronic company <a href="/wiki/Xiaomi" title="Xiaomi">Xiaomi</a>, is a mobile operating system based on the <a href="/wiki/Android_Open_Source_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Android Open Source Project">Android Open Source Project</a> (AOSP). It is mostly founded in Xiaomi smartphones and tablets such as the Xiaomi (formerly Mi) and <a href="/wiki/Redmi" title="Redmi">Redmi</a> Series. However, MIUI also had official ROM support for a few Android devices. Although HyperOS is based on AOSP, which is open-source, it consisted of closed-source proprietary software. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="MIUI_for_POCO">MIUI for POCO</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: MIUI for POCO"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A specific version of MIUI developed for Xiaomi sub-brand (Currently an independence brand) <a href="/wiki/POCO_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="POCO (company)">POCO</a>, the overall experience of the "skin" was similar to those of standard MIUI expect during the early release of MIUI for POCO where compared to standard MIUI it has an app drawer and allowed for 3rd party Android icon customization. Whereas the current MIUI for POCO shared all the common experience with those of standard MIUI, except the icon and the POCO Launcher instead of stock MIUI Launcher. In 2024 MIUI for POCO was replaced by Xiaomi HyperOS. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Indus_OS">Indus OS</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Indus OS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Indus_OS" title="Indus OS">Indus OS</a></div> <p>Indus OS is a custom mobile operating system based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP). It is developed by the Indus OS team based in India. No longer valid as of 2018, Indus OS is available on <a href="/wiki/Micromax_Informatics" title="Micromax Informatics">Micromax</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intex_Technologies" title="Intex Technologies">Intex</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karbonn_Mobiles" title="Karbonn Mobiles">Karbonn</a>, and other Indian smartphone brands. </p> <dl><dd>Current Indus OS version list</dd></dl> <ul><li>Firstouch OS (based on Android "Lollipop" 5.0)</li> <li>Indus OS 2.0 (based on Android "Marshmallow" 6.0)</li> <li>Indus OS 3.0 (based on Android "Nougat" 7.0.1)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="LG_UX">LG UX</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: LG UX"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/LG_UX" title="LG UX">LG UX</a></div> <p>LG UX (formerly <a href="/wiki/Optimus_UI" title="Optimus UI">Optimus UI</a>) is a front-end touch interface developed by LG Electronics and partners, featuring a full <a href="/wiki/Touch_user_interface" title="Touch user interface">touch user interface</a>. It is not an operating system. LG UX is used internally by LG for sophisticated <a href="/wiki/Feature_phone" title="Feature phone">feature phones</a> and tablet computers, and is not available for licensing by external parties. </p><p>Optimus UI 2, based on Android 4.1.2, has been released on the Optimus K II and the Optimus Neo 3. It features a more refined user interface compared to the prior version based on Android 4.1.1, along with new functionalities such as voice shutter and quick memo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="LineageOS">LineageOS</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: LineageOS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/LineageOS" title="LineageOS">LineageOS</a></div> <p>Lineage Android Distribution is a custom mobile operating system based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP). It serves as the successor to the highly popular custom ROM, <a href="/wiki/CyanogenMod" title="CyanogenMod">CyanogenMod</a>, from which it was forked in December 2016 when Cyanogen Inc. announced it was discontinuing development and shut down the infrastructure behind the project. Since Cyanogen Inc. retained the rights to the Cyanogen name, the project rebranded its fork as LineageOS. </p><p>Similar to CyanogenMod, it does not include any proprietary apps unless the user installs them. It allows Android users who can no longer obtain update support from their manufacturer to continue updating their OS version to the latest one based on official release from Google AOSP and heavy theme customization. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="MagicOS">MagicOS</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: MagicOS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"MagicOS" (formerly known as Magic UI and Magic Live) is a front-end touch interface developed by <a href="/wiki/Honor_(brand)" title="Honor (brand)">Honor</a> as a subsidiary of Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd before Honor became an independent company. </p><p>Magic UI is based on Huawei <a href="/wiki/EMUI" title="EMUI">EMUI</a>, which is based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP). The overall user interface looks almost identical to EMUI, even after the separation. While it was based on the open-source Android operating system, it consists of closed-source proprietary software. </p><p>Due to sanctions imposed by the US on Huawei, new devices released by both Huawei and Honor are no longer allowed to include <a href="/wiki/Google_Mobile_Services" title="Google Mobile Services">Google Mobile Services</a>. To allow Honor to regain access to Google services, Huawei sold off Honor to become an independent company, thereby allowing them to pre-install Google Mobile Services on their latest devices. </p> <ul><li>Magic UI 1.x – based on EMUI 8 with Android "Oreo" 8 (Initial released)</li> <li>Magic UI 2.x – based on EMUI 9 with Android "Pie" 9 (Minor UI update)</li> <li>Magic UI 3.x – based on EMUI 10 with Android 10 (Minor UI update)</li> <li>Magic UI 4.x – based on EMUI 11 with Android 10 and Android 11 (Minor UI update)</li> <li>Magic UI 5.x – based on EMUI 11 with Android 10 and Android 11 (Minor UI update)</li> <li>Magic UI 6.x – based on EMUI 12 with Android 12 (Major UI redesigned)</li> <li>Magic OS 7.x – based on EMUI 12 with Android 13 (Minor UI redesigned)</li> <li>Magic OS 8.x – based on Android 14 (Minor UI redesigned)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="MyOS">MyOS</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: MyOS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>MyOS (formerly called MiFavor) is a custom Android UI developed by <a href="/wiki/ZTE" title="ZTE">ZTE</a> for their flagship smartphones and <a href="/wiki/Nubia_Technology" title="Nubia Technology">nubia</a> smartphones. MyOS is based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP). This is a redesign from their previous custom Android UI, MiFavor. </p> <dl><dd>Current MyOS version list</dd></dl> <ul><li>MiFavor 1.x – based on Android "KitKat" 4.4.x, initial release</li> <li>MiFavor 2.x – based on Android "Lollipop" 5.0.x – 5.1.x, redesigned UI</li> <li>MiFavor 3.x – based on Android "Marshmallow" 6.x, redesigned UI</li> <li>MiFavor 4.x – based on Android "Nougat" 7.x, redesigned UI</li> <li>MiFavor 5.x – based on Android "Oreo" 8.x, redesigned UI</li> <li>MiFavor 9.x – based on Android "Pie" 9.0, redesigned UI</li> <li>MiFavor 10.x – based on Android 10, redesigned UI</li> <li>MyOS 11.x – based on Android 11, initial release migrate from MiFavor</li> <li>MyOS 12.x – based on Android 12, redesigned UI</li> <li>MyOS 13.x – based on Android 13</li> <li>MyOS 14.x – based on Android 14</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nothing_OS">Nothing OS</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Nothing OS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nothing OS is a custom Android UI developed by <a href="/wiki/Nothing_(technology_company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nothing (technology company)">Nothing</a> for their <a href="/wiki/Nothing_Phone_1" title="Nothing Phone 1">Nothing Phone (1)</a>. Nothing OS design interface are identical to the stock Android and Pixel UI experience, aside from their custom font and widget which is based on dot design. </p> <dl><dd>Current Nothing OS version list</dd></dl> <ul><li>Nothing OS 1 – based on Android 12, initial release</li> <li>Nothing OS 1.5 – based on Android 13</li> <li>Nothing OS 2 – based on Android 13, minor UI redesigned</li> <li>Nothing OS 2.5 – based on Android 14<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Nothing OS 3.0 – based on Android 15</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="nubia_UI">nubia UI</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: nubia UI"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>nubia UI was a custom Android UI developed by <a href="/wiki/ZTE" title="ZTE">ZTE</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nubia_Technology" title="Nubia Technology">nubia</a> for their smartphones. nubia UI was based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP). </p> <dl><dd>Current nubia UI version list</dd></dl> <ul><li>nubia UI 6.x – based on Android 8 "Oreo"</li> <li>nubia UI 7.x – based on Android 9 "Pie"</li> <li>nubia UI 8.x – based on Android 10</li> <li>nubia UI 9.x – based on Android 11</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="One_UI">One UI</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: One UI"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/One_UI" title="One UI">One UI</a></div> <p>One UI (formerly called <a href="/wiki/TouchWiz" title="TouchWiz">TouchWiz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Samsung_Experience" title="Samsung Experience">Samsung Experience</a>) is a front-end touch interface developed by Samsung Electronics in 2008 with partners, featuring a full touch user interface. It is not a true operating system, but a <a href="/wiki/User_experience" title="User experience">user experience</a>. Samsung Experience is used internally by Samsung for smartphones, <a href="/wiki/Feature_phone" title="Feature phone">feature phones</a> and tablet computers, and is not available for licensing by external parties. The Android version of Samsung Experience also came with Samsung-made apps preloaded until the <a href="/wiki/Samsung_Galaxy_S6" title="Samsung Galaxy S6">Galaxy S6</a>, which removed all Samsung pre-loaded apps except <a href="/wiki/Samsung_Galaxy_Store" class="mw-redirect" title="Samsung Galaxy Store">Samsung Galaxy Store</a> (formerly Galaxy Apps) to save storage space due to the removal of its <a href="/wiki/SD_card" title="SD card">MicroSD</a>. With the release of Samsung Galaxy S8 and S8+, Samsung Experience 8.1 was preinstalled on it with new functions, known as Samsung DeX. Similar to the concept of Microsoft Continuum, Samsung DeX allowed high-end Galaxy devices such as S8/S8+ or Note 8 to connect into a docking station, which extends the device to allow desktop-like functionality by connecting a keyboard, mouse, and monitor. Samsung also announced "Linux on Galaxy", which allows users to use the standard Linux distribution on the DeX platform. </p> <dl><dd>Previous Samsung Android UI version list</dd></dl> <ul><li>TouchWiz 3.x (based on Android 2.1 "Éclair" and Android 2.2 "Froyo") (Initial release for Android UI)</li> <li>TouchWiz 4.x (based on Android 2.3 "Gingerbread" and Android 3.0 "Honeycomb") (Minor UI update)</li> <li>TouchWiz Nature UX (based on Android 4.0 "Ice Cream Sandwich") (Minor UI update)</li> <li>TouchWiz Nature UX 2.x (based on Android 4.2 "Jellybean") (Minor UI update)</li> <li>TouchWiz Nature UX 3.x (based on Android 4.4 "KitKat") (Minor UI update)</li> <li>TouchWiz Nature UX 4.x (based on Android 5 "Lollipop") (Minor UI update)</li> <li>TouchWiz Nature UX 5.x (based on Android 5 "Lollipop") (Major UI update)</li> <li>TouchWiz Nature UX 6.x (based on Android 6 "Marshmallow") (Minor UI update)</li> <li>TouchWiz Grace UX (based on Android 6 "Marshmallow") (Major UI update)</li> <li>Samsung Experience 8.x (based on Android 7 "Nougat") (Initial release migrate from TouchWiz)</li> <li>Samsung Experience 9.x (based on Android 8 "Oreo") (Minor update)</li> <li>Samsung Experience 10.x (based on Android 9 "Pie) (Minor and Last update before redesign One UI)</li></ul> <dl><dd>Current One UI version list</dd></dl> <ul><li>One UI 1.x (based on Android 9 "Pie") (Initial release)</li> <li>One UI 2.x (based on Android 10) (Minor UI update)</li> <li>One UI 3.x (based on Android 11) (Minor UI update)</li> <li>One UI 4.x (based on Android 12) (Minor UI update)</li> <li>One UI 5.x (based on Android 13) (Minor UI update)</li> <li>One UI 6.x (based on Android 14) (Major UI update)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Origin_OS">Origin OS</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Origin OS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Origin OS is a custom user interface developed by Vivo that is based on Android. It is a redesigned skin of Funtouch OS. It is currently only available in China but may someday be released globally. </p> <dl><dd>Current Origin OS version list</dd></dl> <ul><li>Origin OS 1.0 – based on Android 10 and Android 11 (initial release)</li> <li>Origin OS Ocean – based on Android 12</li> <li>Origin OS HD – based on Android 12 (only used in Vivo Pad)</li> <li>Origin OS 3 – based on Android 13</li> <li>Origin OS 4 – based on Android 14</li> <li>Origin OS 5 – based on Android 15</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="OxygenOS">OxygenOS</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: OxygenOS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/OxygenOS" title="OxygenOS">OxygenOS</a></div> <p>OxygenOS is based on the open source Android Open Source Project (AOSP) and is developed by <a href="/wiki/OnePlus" title="OnePlus">OnePlus</a> to replace Cyanogen OS on OnePlus devices such as the <a href="/wiki/OnePlus_One" title="OnePlus One">OnePlus One</a>. It is preinstalled on the <a href="/wiki/OnePlus_2" title="OnePlus 2">OnePlus 2</a>, <a href="/wiki/OnePlus_X" title="OnePlus X">OnePlus X</a>, <a href="/wiki/OnePlus_3" title="OnePlus 3">OnePlus 3</a>, <a href="/wiki/OnePlus_3T" title="OnePlus 3T">OnePlus 3T</a>, <a href="/wiki/OnePlus_5" title="OnePlus 5">OnePlus 5</a>, <a href="/wiki/OnePlus_5T" title="OnePlus 5T">OnePlus 5T</a>, and <a href="/wiki/OnePlus_6" title="OnePlus 6">OnePlus 6</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As stated by Oneplus, OxygenOS is focused on stabilizing and maintaining of stock Android functionalities like those found on <a href="/wiki/Google_Nexus" title="Google Nexus">Nexus</a> devices. It consists of mainly Google apps and minor UI customization to maintain the sleekness of stock Android. </p> <dl><dd>Current OxygenOS version list</dd></dl> <ul><li>Oxygen OS 1.0.x – based on Android 5.0.x "Lollipop" (initial release)</li> <li>Oxygen OS 2.0.x – based on Android 5.1.x "Lollipop" (overall maintenance update)</li> <li>Oxygen OS 3.0.x – based on Android 6.0 "Marshmallow" (major Android update)</li> <li>Oxygen OS 3.1.x – based on Android 6.0.1 "Marshmallow" (minor maintenance update)</li> <li>Oxygen OS 3.2.x – based on Android 6.0.1 "Marshmallow" (major Android update)</li> <li>Oxygen OS 4.x.x – based on Android 7.x "Nougat" (major Android update)</li> <li>Oxygen OS 5.x.x – based on Android 8.x "Oreo" (major Android update)</li> <li>Oxygen OS 9.x.x – based on Android 9 "Pie" (major Android update)</li> <li>Oxygen OS 10.x.x – based on Android 10 (major Android update)</li> <li>Oxygen OS 11.0.x-11.2.x – based on Android 11 (major Android update)</li> <li>Oxygen OS 11.3.x – based on ColorOS<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – based on Android 11 (minor update)</li> <li>Oxygen OS 12.x.x – based on ColorOS 12.x – based on Android 12 (major Android update)</li> <li>Oxygen OS 13.x.x – based on ColorOS 13.x – based on Android 13 (major Android update)</li> <li>Oxygen OS 14.x.x – based on ColorOS 14.x – based on Android 14 (major Android update)</li> <li>Oxygen OS 15.x.x – based on ColorOS 15.x – based on Android 15 (major Android update)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pixel_UI_(Pixel_Launcher)"><span id="Pixel_UI_.28Pixel_Launcher.29"></span>Pixel UI (Pixel Launcher)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Pixel UI (Pixel Launcher)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Google_Pixel#Pixel_UI_(Pixel_Launcher)" title="Google Pixel">Google Pixel UI</a> or Pixel Launcher is developed by Google and based on the open-source Android system. Unlike Nexus phones, where Google shipped with stock Android, the UI that came with first-generation <a href="/wiki/Pixel_(smartphone)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pixel (smartphone)">Pixel</a> phones was slightly modified. As part of the Google Pixel software, the Pixel UI and its home launcher are closed-source and proprietary, so it is only available on Pixel family devices. However, third-party mods allow non-Pixel smartphones to install Pixel Launcher with <a href="/wiki/Google_Now" title="Google Now">Google Now</a> feed integration. </p> <dl><dd>Current Google Pixel Launcher version list</dd></dl> <ul><li>Pixel Launcher – "7.1.1" (based on Android 7.x "Nougat") (Initial release)</li> <li>Pixel Launcher – "8.1.0" (based on Android 8.x "Oreo") (Minor UI update)</li> <li>Pixel Launcher – "9.0" (based on Android 9 "Pie") (Major UI update)</li> <li>Pixel Launcher – "10.0" (based on Android 10) (Moderate UI update that support themes)</li> <li>Pixel Launcher – "11.0" (based on Android 11) (Minor UI update)</li> <li>Pixel Launcher – "12.0" (based on Android 12) (Major UI update)</li> <li>Pixel Launcher – "13.0" (based on Android 13) (Minor UI update)</li> <li>Pixel Launcher – "14.0" (based on Android 14) (Minor UI update)</li> <li>Pixel Launcher – "15.0" (based on Android 15) (Minor UI update)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="realme_UI">realme UI</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: realme UI"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>realme UI is a mobile operating system developed by <a href="/wiki/Realme" title="Realme">Realme</a> which is based on <a href="/wiki/OPPO_Electronics" class="mw-redirect" title="OPPO Electronics">OPPO</a> <a href="/wiki/ColorOS" title="ColorOS">ColorOS</a>, which itself is based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP). The UI mostly resemble its predecessor, but with a custom UI on top of ColorOS to match Realme's target audience. </p> <dl><dd>Current realme UI version list</dd></dl> <ul><li>realme UI 1.0 – based on ColorOS 7.0 – Android 10 – Initial Release</li> <li>realme UI 2.0 / R Edition – based on ColorOS 11.0 – Android 11</li> <li>realme UI 3.0 / S Edition – based on ColorOS 12.0 – Android 12</li> <li>realme UI 4.0 / T Edition – based on ColorOS 13.0 – Android 13</li> <li>realme UI 5.0 – based on ColorOS 14.0 – Android 14</li> <li>realme UI 6.0 – based on ColorOS 15.0 – Android 15</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="realme_UI_R_edition">realme UI R edition</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: realme UI R edition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>realme UI R edition is a custom Android skin that Realme developed for their lower-end device line with "C" and Narzo series, the Android-based line of is based on <a href="/wiki/Android_Go" title="Android Go">Android Go</a>, hence the overall experience is tune down to allowed for smoother experience on budget Realme devices. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Red_Magic_OS">Red Magic OS</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Red Magic OS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Red Magic OS is a mobile operating system developed by ZTE and <a href="/wiki/Nubia_Technology" title="Nubia Technology">Nubia</a> for their Red Magic devices. </p> <dl><dd>Current Red Magic OS version list</dd></dl> <ul><li>Red Magic OS 1.x – based on Android 8 "Oreo", initial release</li> <li>Red Magic OS 2.x – based on Android 9 "Pie", redesigned UI</li> <li>Red Magic OS 3.x – based on Android 10, redesigned UI</li> <li>Red Magic OS 4.x – based on Android 11, redesigned UI</li> <li>Red Magic OS 5.x – based on Android 12, redesigned UI</li> <li>Red Magic OS 6.x – based on Android 13, redesigned UI</li> <li>Red Magic OS 9.x – based on Android 14, redesigned UI</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Replicant_OS">Replicant OS</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Replicant OS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Replicant_(operating_system)" title="Replicant (operating system)">Replicant (operating system)</a></div> <p>Replicant is a custom mobile operating system based on the Android with all proprietary drivers and <a href="/wiki/Software_bloat" title="Software bloat">bloated</a> closed-source software removed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="TCL_UI">TCL UI</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: TCL UI"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>TCL UI is a custom user interface developed by <a href="/wiki/TCL_Technology" title="TCL Technology">TCL Technology</a> for their in-house smartphone series. The OS is based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP). </p> <dl><dd>Current TCL UI version list</dd></dl> <ul><li>TCL UI 1.x – Based on Android 9 "Pie" and Android 10 – Initial Release</li> <li>TCL UI 2.x – Based on Android 10 – Minor UI upgrade</li> <li>TCL UI 3.x – Based on Android 11 – Minor UI upgrade</li> <li>TCL UI 4.x – Based on Android 12 – Minor UI upgrade</li> <li>TCL UI 5.x – Based on Android 13 – Minor UI upgrade</li> <li>TCL UI 7.x – Based on Android 14 – Minor UI upgrade</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="VOS">VOS</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: VOS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>VOS is a custom Android UI developed by <a href="/wiki/BQ_Aquaris" class="mw-redirect" title="BQ Aquaris">BQ Aquaris</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vsmart" class="mw-redirect" title="Vsmart">Vsmart</a>. </p> <dl><dd>Current VOS version list:</dd></dl> <ul><li>VOS 1.x – based on Android "Nougat" 7.1, "Oreo" 8</li> <li>VOS 2.x – based on Android "Pie" 9</li> <li>VOS 3.x – based on Android 10</li> <li>VOS 4.x – based on Android 11</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="XOS">XOS</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: XOS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>XOS (formerly known as XUI) is an Android-based operating system developed by <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> mobile phone manufacturer <a href="/wiki/Infinix_Mobile" title="Infinix Mobile">Infinix Mobile</a>, a subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/Transsion" title="Transsion">Transsion Holdings</a>, exclusively for their smartphones. XOS allows for a wide range of user customization without requiring <a href="/wiki/Rooting_(Android_OS)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rooting (Android OS)">rooting</a> the mobile device. The operating system comes with utility applications that allow users to protect their privacy, improve speed, enhance their experience, etc. XOS comes with features like XTheme, Scan to Recharge, Split Screen and XManager. </p> <dl><dd>Current XOS version list:</dd></dl> <ul><li>XUI 1.x – based on Android "Lollipop" 5, initial release</li> <li>XOS 2.x – based on Android "Marshmallow" 6 and "Nougat" 7</li> <li>XOS 3.x – based on Android "Nougat" 7 and "Oreo" 8</li> <li>XOS 4.x – based on Android "Oreo" 8</li> <li>XOS 5.x – based on Android "Pie" 9</li> <li>XOS 6.x – based on Android 10</li> <li>XOS 7.x – based on Android 10</li> <li>XOS 7.6.x – based on Android 11</li> <li>XOS 10.x – based on Android 11, redesigned UI</li> <li>XOS 10.6.x – based on Android 12, latest update</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Xperia_UI">Xperia UI</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: Xperia UI"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sony Xperia UI (formerly known as Sony Ericsson Timescape UI) was the front-end UI developed by <a href="/wiki/Sony_Mobile" title="Sony Mobile">Sony Mobile</a> (formerly Sony Ericsson) in 2010 for their Android-based <a href="/wiki/Sony_Xperia" title="Sony Xperia">Sony Xperia</a> series. Sony Xperia UI mostly consisted of Sony's own applications such as Sony Music (formerly known as Walkman Music player), Albums and Video Player. During its time as Timescape UI, the UI differed from the standard Android UI—instead of traditional apps dock on the bottom part, they were located at the four corners of the home screen, while the middle of the screen consisted of the <a href="/wiki/Graphical_widget" title="Graphical widget">widget</a>. However, recent UI developments more closely resemble those of stock Android. </p> <dl><dd>Current Xperia UI version list:</dd></dl> <ul><li>Timescape version 1 – based on Android "Eclair" 2.0/2.1, initial release</li> <li>Timescape version 2 – based on Android "Gingerbread" 2.3.x, redesigned UI</li> <li>Xperia UI version 3 – based on Android "Gingerbread" and "Ice Cream Sandwich" 2.3.x and 4.0.x, redesigned UI</li> <li>Xperia UI version 4 – based on Android "Jelly Bean" 4.2.x – 4.3.x, redesigned UI</li> <li>Xperia UI version 5 – based on Android "KitKat" 4.4.x, redesigned UI</li> <li>Xperia UI version 6 – based on Android "Lollipop" 5.0.x – 5.1.x, redesigned UI</li> <li>Xperia UI version 7 – based on Android "Marshmallow" 6.0.x, redesigned UI</li> <li>Xperia UI version 8 – based on Android "Nougat" 7.x, redesigned UI</li> <li>Xperia UI version 9 – based on Android "Oreo" 8.x, redesigned UI</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="ZenUI">ZenUI</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: ZenUI"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Asus_Zen_UI" class="mw-redirect" title="Asus Zen UI">Asus Zen UI</a></div> <p>ZenUI is a front-end touch interface developed by <a href="/wiki/ASUS" class="mw-redirect" title="ASUS">ASUS</a> with partners, featuring a full touch user interface. ZenUI is used by ASUS for its <a href="/wiki/Android_phone" class="mw-redirect" title="Android phone">Android phones</a> and tablet computers, and is not available for licensing by external parties. ZenUI also comes preloaded with ASUS-made apps like ZenLink (PC Link, Share Link, Party Link & Remote Link). </p> <dl><dd>Current ZenUI version list:</dd></dl> <ul><li>ZenUI 1.0 – based on Android "Jelly Bean" and "KitKat" 4.3.x and 4.4.x, initial release</li> <li>ZenUI 2.0 – based on Android "Lollipop" 5.0.x – 5.1.x, redesigned UI</li> <li>ZenUI 3.0 – based on Android "Marshmallow" 6.0.x, redesigned UI</li> <li>ZenUI 4.0 – based on Android "Nougat" 7.x, redesigned UI</li> <li>ZenUI 5.0 – based on Android "Oreo" 8.x, redesigned UI</li> <li>ZenUI 6.0 – based on Android "Pie" 9, redesigned UI</li> <li>ZenUI 7.0 – based on Android 10, redesigned UI</li> <li>ZenUI 8.0 – based on Android 11, minor UI upgrade</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="ZUI">ZUI</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: ZUI"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ZUI is a custom operating system originally developed by <a href="/wiki/Lenovo" title="Lenovo">Lenovo</a> subsidiary <a href="/wiki/ZUK_Mobile" title="ZUK Mobile">ZUK Mobile</a> for their smartphones. However, after the shutting down of ZUK Mobile, Lenovo took over as the main developer of ZUI. The operating system is based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP). </p> <dl><dd>Current ZUI version list:</dd></dl> <ul><li>ZUI 1.x – Initial Release</li> <li>ZUI 2.x</li> <li>ZUI 3.x</li> <li>ZUI 4.x</li> <li>ZUI 4.x</li> <li>ZUI 10.x - Based on Android 9 "Pie"</li> <li>ZUI 11.x - Based on Android 9 "Pie" and Android 10</li> <li>ZUI 12.x - Based on Android 11</li> <li>ZUI 13.x - Based on Android 11</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wear_OS">Wear OS</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=58" title="Edit section: Wear OS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Wear_OS" title="Wear OS">Wear OS</a></div> <p>Wear OS (also known simply as Wear and formerly Android Wear) is a version of Google's Android operating system designed for smartwatches and other <a href="/wiki/Wearable_computer" title="Wearable computer">wearables</a>. By pairing with mobile phones running Android version 6.0 or newer, or iOS version 10.0 or newer with limited support from Google's pairing application, Wear OS integrates <a href="/wiki/Google_Assistant" title="Google Assistant">Google Assistant</a> technology and mobile notifications into a smartwatch form factor. </p><p>In May 2021 at <a href="/wiki/Google_I/O" title="Google I/O">Google I/O</a>, Google announced a major update to the platform, internally known as Wear OS 3.0. It incorporates a new visual design inspired by Android 12, and Fitbit exercise tracking features. Google also announced a partnership with Samsung Electronics, who is collaborating with Google to unify its Tizen-based smartwatch platform with Wear OS, and has committed to using Wear OS on its future smartwatch products. The underlying codebase was also upgraded to Android 11. Wear OS 3.0 will be available to Wear OS devices running <a href="/wiki/Qualcomm_Snapdragon" title="Qualcomm Snapdragon">Qualcomm Snapdragon</a> Wear 4100 <a href="/wiki/System_on_a_chip" title="System on a chip">system on chip</a>, and will be an opt-in upgrade requiring a factory reset to install. </p> <dl><dd>Current Wear OS version list:</dd></dl> <ul><li>Android Wear 4.4w (Based on Android 4.4 "KitKat") – (Initially release)</li> <li>Android Wear 1.0 – 1.3 (Based on Android 5.0 "Lollipop) – (Minor update)</li> <li>Android Wear 1.4 (Based on Android 6.0 "Marshmallow) – (Minor update)</li> <li>Android Wear 2.0 – 2.6 (7.1.1W2) (Based on Android 7.1 "Nougat") – (Minor update)</li> <li>Android Wear 2.6 (7.1.1W3, 8.0.0 W1) – 2.9 (7.1.1W6, 8.0.0W4) (Based on Android 8.0 "Oreo") – (Minor update)</li> <li>Wear OS 1.0 (Based on Android 8.0 "Oreo") – (Renamed and Minor update)</li> <li>Wear OS 2.0 (Based on Android 8.0 "Oreo") – (Minor update)</li> <li>Wear OS 2.2 (Based on Android 9.0 "Pie") – (Minor update)</li> <li>Wear OS 3.0 (Based on Android 11) – (Major UI and system update)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="One_UI_Watch">One UI Watch</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=59" title="Edit section: One UI Watch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One UI Watch is the user interface Samsung developed for their Wear OS based smartwatch, officially announced after both Google and Samsung confirmed they would unify their respective wearable operating systems (Google Wear OS 2.0 and Samsung Tizen) into Wear OS 3.0. </p> <dl><dd>Current One UI Watch version list:</dd></dl> <ul><li>One UI Watch 3.0 (Based on Wear OS 3.0 – Android 11) (Initial release)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ChromeOS">ChromeOS</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=60" title="Edit section: ChromeOS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/ChromeOS" title="ChromeOS">ChromeOS</a></div> <p>ChromeOS is an operating system designed by Google that is based on the Linux kernel and uses the <a href="/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome">Google Chrome</a> web browser as its principal user interface. As a result, ChromeOS primarily supports <a href="/wiki/Web_application" title="Web application">web applications</a>. Google announced the project in July 2009, conceiving it as an operating system in which both applications and user data reside in the <a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">cloud</a>: hence ChromeOS primarily runs <a href="/wiki/Web_application" title="Web application">web applications</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to increase of popularity with 2-in-1 PCs, most recent Chromebooks are introduced with touch screen capability, with Android applications starting to become available for the operating system in 2014. And in 2016, access to Android apps in the entire <a href="/wiki/Google_Play_Store" class="mw-redirect" title="Google Play Store">Google Play Store</a> was introduced on supported ChromeOS devices. With the support of Android applications, there are Chromebook devices that are positioned as tablet based instead of notebooks. </p><p>ChromeOS is only available pre-installed on hardware from Google manufacturing partners. An open source equivalent, <a href="/wiki/ChromiumOS" title="ChromiumOS">ChromiumOS</a>, can be <a href="/wiki/Compiled" class="mw-redirect" title="Compiled">compiled</a> from downloaded <a href="/wiki/Source_code" title="Source code">source code</a>. Early on, Google provided design goals for ChromeOS, but has not otherwise released a technical description. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sailfish_OS">Sailfish OS</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=61" title="Edit section: Sailfish OS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Format plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-format" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article<span class="nowrap"> </span>or section <b>may need to be <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Text_formatting" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Text formatting">formatted</a>.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"> You can help Wikipedia by formatting it if you know how. Please also consider <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_messages/Cleanup#Structure,_formatting_and_sections" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Template messages/Cleanup">changing this notice to be more specific</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2020</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sailfish_OS" title="Sailfish OS">Sailfish OS</a></div> <p>Sailfish OS is from Jolla. It is open source with <a href="/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License" title="GNU General Public License">GNU General Public License</a> (GPL) for middleware stack core which comes from MER. Sailfish due to Jolla's business model and due to alliances with various partners and due to intentional design of OS internals, is capable to adopt in several layers third-party software including Jolla software e.g. Jolla's UI is proprietary software (closed source), so such components can be proprietary with many kinds of licences. However, user can replace them with open source components like e.g. NEMO UI instead Jolla's UI. </p><p>After Nokia abandoned in 2011 the MeeGo project, most of the MeeGo team left Nokia, and established Jolla as a company to use MeeGo and Mer business opportunities. The MER standard allows it to be launched on any hardware with kernel compatible with MER. In 2012, Linux Sailfish OS based on MeeGo and using middleware of MER core stack distribution was launched for public use. The first device, the <a href="/wiki/Jolla_(smartphone)" title="Jolla (smartphone)">Jolla smartphone</a>, was unveiled on May 20, 2013. In 2015, Jolla Tablet was launched and the <a href="/wiki/BRICS" title="BRICS">BRICS</a> countries declared it an officially supported OS there. Jolla started licensing Sailfish OS 2.0 for third parties. Some devices sold are updateable to Sailfish 2.0 with no limits. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Nemo_Mobile" class="mw-redirect" title="Nemo Mobile">Nemo Mobile</a> is a community-driven OS, similar to Sailfish but attempting to replace its proprietary components, such as the user interface.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="SteamOS">SteamOS</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=62" title="Edit section: SteamOS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/SteamOS" title="SteamOS">SteamOS</a></div> <p>SteamOS is a <a href="/wiki/Linux_distribution" title="Linux distribution">Linux distribution</a> developed by <a href="/wiki/Valve_Corporation" title="Valve Corporation">Valve</a>. It incorporates Valve's popular namesake <a href="/wiki/Steam_(service)" title="Steam (service)">Steam</a> video game storefront and is the primary operating system for <a href="/wiki/Steam_Machine_(computer)" title="Steam Machine (computer)">Steam Machines</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Steam_Deck" title="Steam Deck">Steam Deck</a>. SteamOS is <a href="/wiki/Open_source" title="Open source">open source</a> with some closed source components. </p><p>SteamOS was originally built to support streaming of video games from one <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">personal computer</a> to the one running SteamOS within the same network, although the operating system can support standalone systems and was intended to be used as part of Valve's <a href="/wiki/Steam_Machine_(hardware_platform)" class="mw-redirect" title="Steam Machine (hardware platform)">Steam Machine</a> platform. SteamOS versions 1.0, released in December 2013, and 2.0 were based on the <a href="/wiki/Debian" title="Debian">Debian</a> distribution of Linux with <a href="/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME">GNOME</a> desktop.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With SteamOS, Valve encouraged developers to incorporate Linux compatibility into their releases to better support Linux gaming options. </p><p>In February 2022, Valve released the <a href="/wiki/Handheld_PC" title="Handheld PC">handheld</a> <a href="/wiki/Gaming_computer" title="Gaming computer">gaming computer</a> <a href="/wiki/Steam_Deck" title="Steam Deck">Steam Deck</a> running SteamOS 3.0. SteamOS 3 is based on the <a href="/wiki/Arch_Linux" title="Arch Linux">Arch Linux</a> distribution with <a href="/wiki/KDE_Plasma_5" title="KDE Plasma 5">KDE Plasma 5</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_138-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tizen">Tizen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=63" title="Edit section: Tizen"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tizen" title="Tizen">Tizen</a></div> <p>Tizen (based on the Linux kernel) is a mobile operating system hosted by Linux Foundation, together with support from the Tizen Association, guided by a Technical Steering Group composed of Intel and Samsung. </p><p>Tizen is an operating system for devices including smartphones, tablets, <a href="/wiki/In-car_entertainment" title="In-car entertainment">In-Vehicle Infotainment</a> (IVI) devices, however currently it mainly focuses on wearable and smart TVs. It is an open source system (however the SDK was closed-source and proprietary) that aims to offer a consistent user experience across devices. Tizen's main components are the Linux kernel and the <a href="/wiki/WebKit" title="WebKit">WebKit</a> runtime. According to Intel, Tizen "combines the best of LiMo and MeeGo." <a href="/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5">HTML5</a> apps are emphasized, with MeeGo encouraging its members to transition to Tizen, stating that the "future belongs to HTML5-based applications, outside of a relatively small percentage of apps, and we are firmly convinced that our investment needs to shift toward HTML5." Tizen will be targeted at a variety of platforms such as handsets, touch pc, smart TVs and in-vehicle entertainment.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On May 17, 2013, Tizen released version 2.1, code-named Nectarine.<sup id="cite_ref-tizen2_1_141-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tizen2_1-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While Tizen itself was open source, most of the UX and UI layer that was developed by Samsung was mainly closed-source and proprietary, such as the TouchWiz UI on the Samsung Z's series smartphone and One UI for their Galaxy Watch wearable lines. </p><p>Note that some refrigerators use Tizen,<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> even though they are not very mobile. </p><p>Samsung has revealed plans to discontin ue the Tizen operating system by the end of 2025, marking a complete halt in support for the smartwatch OS. The company ceased using Tizen OS with its Galaxy Watch4 release, favoring a hybrid OS developed with Google. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="KaiOS">KaiOS</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=64" title="Edit section: KaiOS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/KaiOS" title="KaiOS">KaiOS</a></div> <p>KaiOS is from Kai. It is based on <a href="/wiki/Firefox_OS" title="Firefox OS">Firefox OS/Boot to Gecko</a>. Unlike most mobile operating systems which focus on smartphones, KaiOS was developed mainly for feature phones, giving these access to more advanced technologies usually found on smartphones, such as app stores and Wi-Fi/4G capabilities.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is a mix of closed-source and open-source components.<sup id="cite_ref-support.kaiostech.com_144-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-support.kaiostech.com-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-KaiOS/B2G_repository_145-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KaiOS/B2G_repository-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> FirefoxOS/B2G was released under the permissive <a href="/wiki/Mozilla_Public_License" title="Mozilla Public License">MPL 2.0</a>. It does not redistribute itself under the same license, so KaiOS is now presumably proprietary (but still mostly <a href="/wiki/Open-source" class="mw-redirect" title="Open-source">open-source</a>, publishing its source code).<sup id="cite_ref-support.kaiostech.com_144-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-support.kaiostech.com-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-KaiOS/B2G_repository_145-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KaiOS/B2G_repository-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> KaiOS is not entirely proprietary, as it uses the copyleft <a href="/wiki/GPL" class="mw-redirect" title="GPL">GPL</a> Linux kernel also used in Android.<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Smart_Feature_OS">Smart Feature OS</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=65" title="Edit section: Smart Feature OS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/HMD_Global#Smart_Feature_OS" title="HMD Global">Smart Feature OS</a> is a custom version of KaiOS that was developed and solely used by <a href="/wiki/HMD_Global" title="HMD Global">HMD Global</a> for their KaiOS line of Nokia feature phone. The main differences between stock KaiOS and Smart Feature OS is the aesthetics such as icons, widgets, a custom Nokia ringtone and notification tone. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fully_open-source,_entirely_permissive_licenses"><span id="Fully_open-source.2C_entirely_permissive_licenses"></span>Fully open-source, entirely permissive licenses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=66" title="Edit section: Fully open-source, entirely permissive licenses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fuchsia">Fuchsia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=67" title="Edit section: Fuchsia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Fuchsia_(operating_system)" title="Fuchsia (operating system)">Fuchsia (operating system)</a></div> <p>Fuchsia is a capability-based, real-time operating system (RTOS) currently being developed by Google. It was first discovered as a mysterious code post on GitHub in August 2016, without any official announcement. In contrast to prior Google-developed operating systems such as ChromeOS and Android, which are based on Linux kernels, Fuchsia is based on a new microkernel called "Zircon", derived from "Little Kernel", a small operating system intended for embedded systems. This allows it to remove Linux and the copyleft <a href="/wiki/GPL" class="mw-redirect" title="GPL">GPL</a> under which the Linux kernel is licensed; Fuchsia is licensed under the <a href="/wiki/Permissive_licenses" class="mw-redirect" title="Permissive licenses">permissive</a> <a href="/wiki/BSD_licenses#3-clause" title="BSD licenses">BSD 3-clause</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apache_2.0" class="mw-redirect" title="Apache 2.0">Apache 2.0</a>, and <a href="/wiki/MIT_license" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT license">MIT licenses</a>. Upon inspection, media outlets noted that the code post on GitHub suggested Fuchsia's capability to run on universal devices, from embedded systems to smartphones, tablets and personal computers. In May 2017, Fuchsia was updated with a user interface, along with a developer writing that the project was not a for experimental, prompting media speculation about Google's intentions with the operating system, including the possibility of it replacing Android.<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="LiteOS">LiteOS</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=68" title="Edit section: LiteOS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/LiteOS" title="LiteOS">LiteOS</a></div> <p>LiteOS is a lightweight open source real-time operating system which is part of Huawei's "1+2+1" Internet of Things solution, which is similar to Google Android Things and Samsung Tizen. It is released under the <a href="/wiki/Permissive_license" class="mw-redirect" title="Permissive license">permissive</a> <a href="/wiki/BSD_licenses#3-clause_license" title="BSD licenses">BSD 3-clause license</a>. Huawei LiteOS features lightweight, low-power, fast-response, multi-sensor collaboration, multi-protocol interconnect connectivity, enabling IoT terminals to quickly access the network<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. Huawei LiteOS will make intelligent hardware development easier. Thereby accelerating the realization of the interconnection of all things.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Puffery" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="Unverified descriptions (November 2019)">peacock prose</span></a></i>]</sup> Currently LiteOS are introduce to the consumer market with the Huawei Watch GT series and their sub-brand Honor Magic Watch series. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="OpenHarmony">OpenHarmony</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=69" title="Edit section: OpenHarmony"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/OpenHarmony" title="OpenHarmony">OpenHarmony</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/OpenHarmony" title="OpenHarmony">OpenHarmony</a> is an open-source version of HarmonyOS developed and donated by Huawei to the OpenAtom Foundation. It supports devices running a mini system with memory as small as 128 KB, or running a standard system with memory greater than 128 MB. The open source <a href="/wiki/HarmonyOS" title="HarmonyOS">HarmonyOS</a> is based on the Huawei <a href="/wiki/LiteOS" title="LiteOS">LiteOS</a> kernel and <a href="/wiki/Linux_kernel" title="Linux kernel">Linux kernel</a> for standard systems. OpenHarmony LiteOS Cortex-A brings small-sized, low-power, and high-performance experience and builds a unified and open ecosystem for developers. In addition, it provides rich kernel mechanisms, more comprehensive Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), and a unified driver framework, Hardware Driver Foundation (HDF), which offers unified access for device developers and friendly development experience for application developers.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fully_open-source,_mixed_copyleft_and_permissive_licenses"><span id="Fully_open-source.2C_mixed_copyleft_and_permissive_licenses"></span>Fully open-source, mixed copyleft and permissive licenses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=70" title="Edit section: Fully open-source, mixed copyleft and permissive licenses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_open-source_mobile_phones" title="List of open-source mobile phones">List of open-source mobile phones</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fedora_Mobility">Fedora Mobility</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=71" title="Edit section: Fedora Mobility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fedora Mobility is under developing mobile operating system by the Fedora Project that are porting Fedora to run on portable devices such as phones and tablets. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="LuneOS">LuneOS</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=72" title="Edit section: LuneOS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/LuneOS" title="LuneOS">LuneOS</a></div> <p>LuneOS is a modern reimplementation of the Palm/HP webOS interface. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Manjaro_ARM">Manjaro ARM</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=73" title="Edit section: Manjaro ARM"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Manjaro ARM is a mobile operating system with Plasma Mobile desktop environment that is running and default operating system on the PinePhone, an ARM-based smartphone released by Pine64. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mobian">Mobian</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=74" title="Edit section: Mobian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A mobile <a href="/wiki/Debian" title="Debian">Debian</a> focused for <a href="/wiki/PinePhone" title="PinePhone">PinePhone</a> and soon <a href="/wiki/Librem" title="Librem">Librem</a>. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Plasma_mobile">Plasma mobile</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=75" title="Edit section: Plasma mobile"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Plasma_Mobile" title="Plasma Mobile">Plasma Mobile</a></div> <p>Plasma Mobile is a Plasma variant for smartphones.<sup id="cite_ref-ITworld-Mobile-Announcement_148-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ITworld-Mobile-Announcement-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Plasma Mobile runs on <a href="/wiki/Wayland_(display_server_protocol)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayland (display server protocol)">Wayland</a> and it is compatible with Ubuntu Touch applications,<sup id="cite_ref-sebastian-kuegler_149-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sebastian-kuegler-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/PureOS" title="PureOS">PureOS</a> applications,<sup id="cite_ref-Fossbytes_UbuntuTouch_150-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fossbytes_UbuntuTouch-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and eventually Android applications<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> via KDE's <a href="/wiki/Shashlik_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shashlik (software)">Shashlik</a> project –  also sponsored by Blue Systems,<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <a href="/wiki/Anbox" title="Anbox">Anbox</a>. It is under the copyleft <a href="/wiki/GPLv2" class="mw-redirect" title="GPLv2">GPLv2</a> license. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Necuno" title="Necuno">Necuno</a> phone uses Plasma Mobile. It is entirely open-source and thus does not have a cellular modem, so it must make calls by <a href="/wiki/VOIP" class="mw-redirect" title="VOIP">VOIP</a>, like a pocket computer.<sup id="cite_ref-Necuno_KDE181130_154-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Necuno_KDE181130-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="postmarketOS">postmarketOS</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=76" title="Edit section: postmarketOS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/PostmarketOS" title="PostmarketOS">postmarketOS</a></div> <p>postmarketOS is based on the <a href="/wiki/Alpine_Linux" title="Alpine Linux">Alpine Linux</a> Linux distribution. It is intended to run on older phone hardware. As of 2019<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> it is in <a href="/wiki/Alpha_testing" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha testing">alpha</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="PureOS">PureOS</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=77" title="Edit section: PureOS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/PureOS" title="PureOS">PureOS</a></div> <p>PureOS is a Debian GNU/Linux derivative using only <a href="/wiki/Free_software" title="Free software">free software</a> meeting the <a href="/wiki/Debian_Free_Software_Guidelines" class="mw-redirect" title="Debian Free Software Guidelines">Debian Free Software Guidelines</a>, mainly the <a href="/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft">copyleft</a> GPL. PureOS is endorsed by <a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation" title="Free Software Foundation">Free Software Foundation</a> as one of the freedom-respecting operating systems.<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is developed by <a href="/wiki/Purism_(company)" title="Purism (company)">Purism</a>, and was already in use on Purism's laptops before it was used on the <a href="/wiki/Librem" title="Librem">Librem 5</a> smartphone. Purism, in partnership with <a href="/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME">GNOME</a> and <a href="/wiki/KDE" title="KDE">KDE</a>, aims to separate the <a href="/wiki/Central_processor_unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Central processor unit">CPU</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Baseband_processor" title="Baseband processor">baseband processor</a> and include hardware <a href="/wiki/Kill_switch" title="Kill switch">kill switches</a> for the phone's <a href="/wiki/Wi-Fi" title="Wi-Fi">Wi-Fi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bluetooth" title="Bluetooth">Bluetooth</a>, camera, microphone, and baseband processor, and provide both GNOME and <a href="/wiki/KDE_Plasma_5#Plasma_Mobile" title="KDE Plasma 5">KDE Plasma Mobile</a> as options for the desktop environment.<sup id="cite_ref-LinuxMag_ChallengeFreePhone_156-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LinuxMag_ChallengeFreePhone-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OSNews_security_privacy_157-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OSNews_security_privacy-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ubuntu_Touch">Ubuntu Touch</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=78" title="Edit section: Ubuntu Touch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_Touch" title="Ubuntu Touch">Ubuntu Touch</a></div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UbuntuTouch-apps.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/UbuntuTouch-apps.png/220px-UbuntuTouch-apps.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="391" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/UbuntuTouch-apps.png/330px-UbuntuTouch-apps.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/UbuntuTouch-apps.png/440px-UbuntuTouch-apps.png 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Ubuntu Touch</figcaption></figure><p>Ubuntu Touch is an open-source (<a href="/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License" title="GNU General Public License">GPL</a>) mobile version of the <a href="/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu">Ubuntu</a> operating system<sup id="cite_ref-:0_112-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> originally developed in 2013 by <a href="/wiki/Canonical_Ltd." class="mw-redirect" title="Canonical Ltd.">Canonical Ltd.</a> and continued by the non-profit <a href="/w/index.php?title=UBports_Foundation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UBports Foundation (page does not exist)">UBports Foundation</a> in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ubuntu Touch can run on a pure GNU/Linux base on phones with the required drivers, such as the <a href="/wiki/Librem_5" title="Librem 5">Librem 5</a><sup id="cite_ref-Fossbytes_UbuntuTouch_150-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fossbytes_UbuntuTouch-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/PinePhone" title="PinePhone">PinePhone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To enable hardware that was originally shipped with Android, Ubuntu Touch makes use of the Android Linux kernel, using Android drivers and services via an <a href="/wiki/LXC" title="LXC">LXC</a> container, but does not use any of the Java-like code of Android.<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of February 2022, Ubuntu Touch is available on 78 phones and tablets.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_112-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The UBports Installer serves as an easy-to-use tool to allow inexperienced users to install the operating system on third-party devices without damaging their hardware.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_112-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Closed_source">Closed source</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=79" title="Edit section: Closed source"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="iOS">iOS</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=80" title="Edit section: iOS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a> and <a href="/wiki/IOS_version_history" title="IOS version history">iOS version history</a></div> <p>iOS (formerly named iPhone OS) was created by <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a> It has the second largest installed base worldwide on smartphones, but the largest profits, due to aggressive price competition between Android-based manufacturers.<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is closed-source and proprietary, and is built on the open source <a href="/wiki/Darwin_(operating_system)" title="Darwin (operating system)">Darwin</a> operating system. The iPhone, <a href="/wiki/IPod_Touch" title="IPod Touch">iPod Touch</a>, <a href="/wiki/IPad" title="IPad">iPad</a>, and second and third-generation <a href="/wiki/Apple_TV" title="Apple TV">Apple TV</a> all use iOS, which is derived from <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a>. </p><p>Native third-party applications were not officially supported until the release of iPhone OS 2.0 on July 11, 2008. Before this, "<a href="/wiki/IOS_jailbreaking" title="IOS jailbreaking">jailbreaking</a>" allowed third-party applications to be installed. In recent years, the jailbreaking scene has changed drastically due to Apple's continued efforts to secure their operating system and prevent unauthorized modifications. Currently, jailbreaks of recent iterations of iOS are only semi-untethered, which requires a device to be re-jailbroken at every boot, and exploits for jailbreaks are becoming increasingly hard to find and use. </p><p>Currently all iOS devices are developed by Apple and manufactured by <a href="/wiki/Foxconn" title="Foxconn">Foxconn</a> or another of Apple's partners. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="iPadOS">iPadOS</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=81" title="Edit section: iPadOS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/IPadOS" title="IPadOS">iPadOS</a></div> <p>iPadOS is a tablet operating system created and developed by Apple Inc. specifically for their iPad line of tablet computers. It was announced at the company's 2019 Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC), as a derivation from iOS but with a greater emphasis put on multitasking. It was released on September 24, 2019. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="watchOS">watchOS</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=82" title="Edit section: watchOS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/WatchOS" title="WatchOS">watchOS</a></div> <p>watchOS is the operating system of the Apple Watch, developed by Apple Inc. It is based on the iOS operating system and has many similar features. It was released on April 24, 2015, along with the Apple Watch, the only device that runs watchOS. It is currently the most widely used wearable operating system. It features focus on convenience, such as being able to place phone calls and send texts, and health, such as fitness and heart rate tracking. </p><p>The most current version of the watchOS operating system is <a href="/wiki/WatchOS_8" class="mw-redirect" title="WatchOS 8">watchOS 8</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kindle_firmware">Kindle firmware</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=83" title="Edit section: Kindle firmware"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Kindle" title="Amazon Kindle">Amazon Kindle</a></div> <p>Kindle firmware is a mobile operating system specifically designed for <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Kindle" title="Amazon Kindle">Amazon Kindle</a> <a href="/wiki/E-reader" title="E-reader">e-readers</a>. It is based on a custom Linux kernel, but it is mostly closed-source and proprietary. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="HarmonyOS">HarmonyOS</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=84" title="Edit section: HarmonyOS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/HarmonyOS" title="HarmonyOS">HarmonyOS</a></div> <p>HarmonyOS is a distributed operating system developed by Huawei that was specifically designed for smartphones, tablets, TVs, smartwatches, smart devices made by Huawei. It is based on a proprietary multi-kernel and Linux kernel subsystem. Released officially for smartphones on June 2, 2021, from its initial launch on August 9, 2019, for smart screen TVs. On August 4, 2023, Huawei announces its full stack <a href="/wiki/HarmonyOS_NEXT" title="HarmonyOS NEXT">HarmonyOS NEXT</a> for HarmonyOS that will replace the current multi-kernel stack that contains Linux kernel subsystem with APK apps, with only native HarmonyOS apps able to be used. On January 18, 2024, Galaxy Edition version was announced to be used for the next version of HarmonyOS. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nintendo_Switch_system_software">Nintendo Switch system software</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=85" title="Edit section: Nintendo Switch system software"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Switch_system_software" title="Nintendo Switch system software">Nintendo Switch system software</a> (also known by its codename Horizon) is an updatable firmware and operating system used by the <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Switch" title="Nintendo Switch">Nintendo Switch</a> hybrid video game console/tablet and <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Switch_Lite" class="mw-redirect" title="Nintendo Switch Lite">Nintendo Switch Lite</a> handheld game console. It is based on a proprietary microkernel. The UI includes a HOME screen, consisting of the top bar, the screenshot viewer ("Album"), and shortcuts to the Nintendo eShop, News, and Settings. </p><p>The system itself is based on the <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_3DS_system_software" title="Nintendo 3DS system software">Nintendo 3DS system software</a>, additionally the networking stack in the Switch OS is derived at least in part from <a href="/wiki/FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a> code while the Stagefright multimedia framework is derived from <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a> code. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="PlayStation_Vita_system_software">PlayStation Vita system software</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=86" title="Edit section: PlayStation Vita system software"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Vita_system_software" title="PlayStation Vita system software">PlayStation Vita system software</a> is the official firmware and operating system for the <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Vita" title="PlayStation Vita">PlayStation Vita</a> and <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_TV" title="PlayStation TV">PlayStation TV</a> video game consoles. It uses the LiveArea as its graphical shell. The PlayStation Vita system software has one optional add-on component, the PlayStation Mobile Runtime Package. The system is built on a Unix-base which is derived from FreeBSD and NetBSD. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Windows_10">Windows 10</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=87" title="Edit section: Windows 10"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Windows_10" title="Windows 10">Windows 10</a></div> <p>Windows 10 (not to be confused with Windows 10 Mobile—see below) is a personal computer operating system developed and released by Microsoft as part of the <a href="/wiki/Windows_NT" title="Windows NT">Windows NT</a> <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">family</a> of operating systems. It was released on July 29, 2015, and many <a href="/wiki/Windows_10_editions" title="Windows 10 editions">editions</a> and <a href="/wiki/Windows_10_version_history" title="Windows 10 version history">versions</a> have been released since then. It was designed to run across multiple Microsoft product such as PCs and Tablets. The Windows user interface was revised to handle transitions between a mouse-oriented interface and a touchscreen-optimized interface based on available input devices‍ particularly on 2-in-1 PCs. </p><p>Windows 10 also introduced universal apps, expanding on Metro-style apps, these apps can be designed to run across multiple Microsoft product families with nearly identical code‍ including PCs, tablets, smartphones, embedded systems, Xbox One, Surface Hub and Mixed Reality. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Windows_11">Windows 11</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=88" title="Edit section: Windows 11"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Windows_11" title="Windows 11">Windows 11</a></div> <p>Windows 11 is a major version of the <a href="/wiki/Windows_NT" title="Windows NT">Windows NT</a> operating system developed by Microsoft that was announced on June 24, 2021, and is the successor to Windows 10, which was released in 2015. Windows 11 was released on October 5, 2021, as a free upgrade via <a href="/wiki/Windows_Update" title="Windows Update">Windows Update</a> for eligible devices running Windows 10. </p><p>Microsoft promoted that Windows 11 would have improved performance and ease of use over Windows 10; it features major changes to the Windows <a href="/wiki/Shell_(computing)" title="Shell (computing)">shell</a> influenced by the canceled <a href="/wiki/Windows_10X" title="Windows 10X">Windows 10X</a>, including a redesigned <a href="/wiki/Start_menu" title="Start menu">Start menu</a>, the replacement of its "live tiles" with a separate "Widgets" panel on the <a href="/wiki/Taskbar" title="Taskbar">taskbar</a>, the ability to create tiled sets of windows that can be minimized and restored from the <a href="/wiki/Taskbar" title="Taskbar">taskbar</a> as a group, and new gaming technologies inherited from <a href="/wiki/Xbox_Series_X_and_Series_S" title="Xbox Series X and Series S">Xbox Series X and Series S</a> such as <a href="/wiki/High-dynamic-range_video" class="mw-redirect" title="High-dynamic-range video">Auto HDR</a> and <a href="/wiki/DirectStorage" class="mw-redirect" title="DirectStorage">DirectStorage</a> on compatible hardware. <a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer">Internet Explorer</a> is fully replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Blink_layout_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Blink layout engine">Blink layout engine</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Edge" title="Microsoft Edge">Microsoft Edge</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Teams" title="Microsoft Teams">Microsoft Teams</a> is integrated into the Windows shell. Microsoft also announced plans to offer support for Android <a href="/wiki/Mobile_app" title="Mobile app">apps</a> to run on Windows 11, with support for <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Appstore" title="Amazon Appstore">Amazon Appstore</a> and manually-installed <a href="/wiki/APK_file" class="mw-redirect" title="APK file">packages</a>. On March 5, 2024, Microsoft announced that Android apps support will be depreciated on March 5, 2025. </p><p>Similar to Windows 10, it was designed to run across multiple Microsoft product such as PCs and Tablets. The Windows user interface was further revised to combine the UI element of both mouse-oriented interface and a touchscreen-optimized interface based into a hybrid UI that combined the capabilities of touch with a traditional desktop UI. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Minor_proprietary_operating_systems">Minor proprietary operating systems</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=89" title="Edit section: Minor proprietary operating systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Other than the major operating systems, some companies such as Huami (Amazfit), Huawei, realme, TCL, and Xiaomi have developed their own proprietary RTOSes specifically for their own smartbands and smartwatches that are designed for power effiency and lower battery consumption and are not based on any other operating system. </p> <ul><li><b>Proprietary Amazfit OS</b></li></ul> <p>Operating System that is primarily designed for their Bip series, however, Huami is currently developing the operating system to run on other smartwatches as well. </p> <ul><li><b>Huawei/Honor Band Operating System</b></li></ul> <p>Huawei Band Operating system is an operating system specifically designed and developed by Huawei for their fitness trackers, including smartbands from <a href="/wiki/Honor" class="mw-redirect" title="Honor">Honor</a> </p> <ul><li><b>Lenovo RTOS</b></li></ul> <p>Proprietary OS developed by Lenovo for their fitness trackers and smartwatches. </p> <ul><li><b>realme Wearable Operating System</b></li></ul> <p>A proprietary operating system design to run on realme smartbands and smartwatches. </p> <ul><li><b>TCL Wearable Real Time Operating System</b></li></ul> <p>A proprietary RTOS powering TCL and Alcatel branded smartbands and smartwatches. </p> <ul><li><b>Xiaomi Mi Band Operating System</b></li></ul> <p>Proprietary RTOS that is developed by Huami for the <a href="/wiki/Xiaomi_Mi_Band" title="Xiaomi Mi Band">Xiaomi Mi Band</a> series. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discontinued_software_platforms">Discontinued software platforms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=90" title="Edit section: Discontinued software platforms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Open_source">Open source</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=91" title="Edit section: Open source"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="CyanogenMod">CyanogenMod</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=92" title="Edit section: CyanogenMod"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/CyanogenMod" title="CyanogenMod">CyanogenMod</a></div> <p>CyanogenMod was a custom mobile operating system based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP). It was a custom ROM that was co-developed by the CyanogenMod community. The OS did not include any proprietary apps unless the user installed them. Due to its open source nature, CyanogenMod allowed Android users who could no longer obtain update support from their manufacturer to continue updating their OS version to the latest one based on official releases from Google AOSP and heavy theme customization. The last version of the OS was CyanogenMod 13 which was based on Android Asus. </p><p>On December 24, 2016, CyanogenMod announced on their blog that they would no longer be releasing any CyanogenMod updates. All development moved to LineageOS. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Cyanogen_OS">Cyanogen OS</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=93" title="Edit section: Cyanogen OS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cyanogen OS was based on <a href="/wiki/CyanogenMod" title="CyanogenMod">CyanogenMod</a> and maintained by Cyanogen Inc; however, it included proprietary apps and it was only available for commercial uses. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Firefox_OS">Firefox OS</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=94" title="Edit section: Firefox OS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Firefox_OS_devices" title="Comparison of Firefox OS devices">Comparison of Firefox OS devices</a></div> <p>Firefox OS (formerly known as "Boot to Gecko" and shortly "B2G")<sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is from Mozilla. It was an open source mobile operating system released under the <a href="/wiki/Mozilla_Public_License" title="Mozilla Public License">Mozilla Public License</a> built on the Android Linux kernel and used Android drivers, but did not use any Java-like code of Android. </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Ars_Technica" title="Ars Technica">Ars Technica</a>, "Mozilla says that B2G is motivated by a desire to demonstrate that the standards-based open Web has the potential to be a competitive alternative to the existing single-vendor application development stacks offered by the dominant mobile operating systems."<sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 2016, Mozilla announced that work on Firefox OS has ceased, and all B2G-related code would be removed from mozilla-central.<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="MeeGo/Maemo/Moblin"><span id="MeeGo.2FMaemo.2FMoblin"></span>MeeGo/Maemo/Moblin</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=95" title="Edit section: MeeGo/Maemo/Moblin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/MeeGo" title="MeeGo">MeeGo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maemo" title="Maemo">Maemo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Moblin" title="Moblin">Moblin</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/MeeGo_(operating_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="MeeGo (operating system)">MeeGo</a> was from non-profit organization <a href="/wiki/The_Linux_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="The Linux Foundation">The Linux Foundation</a>. It is open source and GPL. At the 2010 <a href="/wiki/Mobile_World_Congress" title="Mobile World Congress">Mobile World Congress</a> in Barcelona, Nokia and Intel both unveiled <i>MeeGo</i>, a mobile operating system that combined Moblin and Maemo to create an open-sourced experience for users across all devices. In 2011 Nokia announced that it would no longer pursue MeeGo in favor of Windows Phone. Nokia announced the <a href="/wiki/Nokia_N9" title="Nokia N9">Nokia N9</a> on June 21, 2011, at the Nokia Connection event<sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in Singapore. LG announced its support for the platform.<sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Maemo was a platform developed by Nokia for smartphones and <a href="/wiki/Internet_tablet" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet tablet">Internet tablets</a>. It is open source and GPL, based on <a href="/wiki/Debian_GNU/Linux" class="mw-redirect" title="Debian GNU/Linux">Debian GNU/Linux</a> and draws much of its <a href="/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">graphical user interface</a> (GUI), <a href="/wiki/Software_framework" title="Software framework">frameworks</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Library_(computing)" title="Library (computing)">libraries</a> from the GNOME project. It uses the <a href="/wiki/Matchbox_(window_manager)" title="Matchbox (window manager)">Matchbox</a> window manager and the <a href="/wiki/GTK" title="GTK">GTK</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Hildon" title="Hildon">Hildon</a> as its GUI and <a href="/wiki/Application_framework" title="Application framework">application framework</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="webOS">webOS</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=96" title="Edit section: webOS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/WebOS" title="WebOS">webOS</a></div> <p>webOS was developed by Palm. webOS is an open source mobile operating system running on the Linux kernel, initially developed by Palm, which launched with the <a href="/wiki/Palm_Pre" title="Palm Pre">Palm Pre</a>. After being acquired by HP, two phones (the <a href="/wiki/HP_Veer" title="HP Veer">Veer</a> and the <a href="/wiki/HP_Pre_3" title="HP Pre 3">Pre 3</a>) and a tablet (the <a href="/wiki/HP_TouchPad" title="HP TouchPad">TouchPad</a>) running webOS were introduced in 2011. On August 18, 2011, HP announced that webOS hardware would be discontinued,<sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but would continue to support and update webOS software and develop the webOS ecosystem.<sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> HP released webOS as open source under the name Open webOS, and plans to update it with additional features.<sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On February 25, 2013, HP announced the sale of webOS to LG Electronics, who used the operating system for its "smart" or Internet-connected TVs. However, HP retained patents underlying WebOS and cloud-based services such as the App Catalog. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Closed_source_2">Closed source</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=97" title="Edit section: Closed source"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bada">Bada</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=98" title="Edit section: Bada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bada_(operating_system)" title="Bada (operating system)">Bada (operating system)</a></div> <p>Bada platform (stylized as bada; Korean: 바다) was an operating system for mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers. It was developed by Samsung Electronics. Its name is derived from "바다 (bada)", meaning "ocean" or "sea" in Korean. It ranges from mid- to high-end smartphones. To foster adoption of Bada OS, since 2011 Samsung reportedly has considered releasing the source code under an open-source license, and expanding device support to include Smart TVs. Samsung announced in June 2012 intentions to merge Bada into the Tizen project, but would meanwhile use its own Bada operating system, in parallel with Google Android OS and Microsoft Windows Phone, for its smartphones. All Bada-powered devices are branded under the Wave name, but not all of Samsung's Android-powered devices are branded under the name Galaxy. On February 25, 2013, Samsung announced that it will stop developing Bada, moving development to Tizen instead. Bug reporting was finally terminated in April 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="BlackBerry_OS">BlackBerry OS</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=99" title="Edit section: BlackBerry OS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1999, <a href="/wiki/Research_In_Motion" class="mw-redirect" title="Research In Motion">Research In Motion</a> released its first BlackBerry devices, providing secure real-time push-email communications on wireless devices. Services such as BlackBerry Messenger provide the integration of all communications into a single inbox. In September 2012, RIM announced that the 200 millionth BlackBerry smartphone was shipped. As of September 2014, there were around 46 million active BlackBerry service subscribers.<sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the early 2010s, RIM underwent a platform transition, changing its company name to BlackBerry Limited and making new devices using a new operating system named "BlackBerry 10".<sup id="cite_ref-Kevin_McLaughlin_176-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kevin_McLaughlin-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="BlackBerry_10">BlackBerry 10</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=100" title="Edit section: BlackBerry 10"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/BlackBerry_10" title="BlackBerry 10">BlackBerry 10</a></div> <p>BlackBerry 10 (based on the <a href="/wiki/QNX" title="QNX">QNX</a> OS) is from BlackBerry. As a smartphone OS, it is closed-source and proprietary, and only runs on phones and tablets manufactured by BlackBerry. </p><p>One of the dominant platforms in the world in the late 2000s, its global market share was reduced significantly by the mid-2010s. In late 2016, BlackBerry announced that it will continue to support the OS, with a promise to release 10.3.3.<sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IDC.com_178-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IDC.com-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Therefore, BlackBerry 10 would not receive any major updates as BlackBerry and its partners would focus more on their Android base development.<sup id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nintendo_3DS_system_software">Nintendo 3DS system software</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=101" title="Edit section: Nintendo 3DS system software"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_3DS_system_software" title="Nintendo 3DS system software">Nintendo 3DS system software</a> is the updatable operating system used by the Nintendo 3DS. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Symbian">Symbian</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=102" title="Edit section: Symbian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Symbian" title="Symbian">Symbian</a></div> <p>Symbian platform was developed by Nokia for some models of smartphones. It is proprietary software, it was however used by Ericsson (Sony Ericsson), Sending and Benq. The operating system was discontinued in 2012, although a slimmed-down version for basic phones was still developed until July 2014. Microsoft officially shelved the platform in favor of Windows Phone after its acquisition of Nokia.<sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Palm_OS">Palm OS</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=103" title="Edit section: Palm OS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Palm_OS" title="Palm OS">Palm OS</a></div> <p>Palm OS/Garnet OS was from <a href="/wiki/Access_Co." class="mw-redirect" title="Access Co.">Access Co.</a> It is closed-source and proprietary. webOS was introduced by Palm in January 2009, as the successor to Palm OS with Web 2.0 technologies, <a href="/wiki/Open_architecture" title="Open architecture">open architecture</a> and multitasking abilities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Microsoft">Microsoft</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=104" title="Edit section: Microsoft"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Windows_Mobile">Windows Mobile</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=105" title="Edit section: Windows Mobile"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Windows_Mobile" title="Windows Mobile">Windows Mobile</a></div> <p>Windows Mobile was a family of proprietary operating systems from Microsoft aimed at business and enterprise users, based on Windows CE and originally developed for <a href="/wiki/Pocket_PC" title="Pocket PC">Pocket PC</a> (PDA) devices. In 2010 it was replaced with the consumer-focused Windows Phone.<sup id="cite_ref-OS_MS_3Q10_118-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OS_MS_3Q10-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BallmerWeScrewedUp_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BallmerWeScrewedUp-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Versions of Windows Mobile came in multiple editions, like "Pocket PC Premium", "Pocket PC Professional", "Pocket PC Phone", and "Smartphone" (<a href="/wiki/Windows_Mobile_2003" title="Windows Mobile 2003">Windows Mobile 2003</a>) or "Professional", "Standard", and "Classic" (<a href="/wiki/Windows_Mobile_6.0" title="Windows Mobile 6.0">Windows Mobile 6.0</a>). Some editions were touchscreen-only and some were keyboard-only, although there were cases where device vendors managed to graft support for one onto an edition targeted at the other. Cellular phone features were also only supported by some editions. Microsoft started work on a version of Windows Mobile that would combine all features together, but it was aborted, and instead they focused on developing the non-backward-compatible, touchscreen-only Windows Phone 7.<sup id="cite_ref-Miniman_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miniman-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Windows_Phone">Windows Phone</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=106" title="Edit section: Windows Phone"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Windows_Phone" title="Windows Phone">Windows Phone</a></div> <p>Windows Phone is a proprietary mobile operating system developed by Microsoft for smartphones as the replacement successor to Windows Mobile and <a href="/wiki/Zune" title="Zune">Zune</a>. Windows Phone features a new touchscreen-oriented user interface derived from Metro design language. Windows Phone was replaced by Windows 10 Mobile in 2015. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Windows_10_Mobile">Windows 10 Mobile</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=107" title="Edit section: Windows 10 Mobile"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Windows_10_Mobile" title="Windows 10 Mobile">Windows 10 Mobile</a></div> <p>Windows 10 Mobile (formerly called Windows Phone) was from Microsoft. It was closed-source and proprietary. </p><p>Unveiled on February 15, 2010, Windows Phone included a user interface inspired by Microsoft's <a href="/wiki/Metro_Design_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Metro Design Language">Metro Design Language</a>. It was integrated with Microsoft services such as <a href="/wiki/OneDrive" title="OneDrive">OneDrive</a> and Office, <a href="/wiki/Xbox_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Xbox Music">Xbox Music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xbox_Video" class="mw-redirect" title="Xbox Video">Xbox Video</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xbox_Live" class="mw-redirect" title="Xbox Live">Xbox Live</a> games, and <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Bing" title="Microsoft Bing">Bing</a>, but also integrated with many other non-Microsoft services such as <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> and <a href="/wiki/Google_Account" title="Google Account">Google accounts</a>. Windows Phone devices were made primarily by <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Mobile" title="Microsoft Mobile">Microsoft Mobile</a>/Nokia, and also by HTC and Samsung. </p><p>On January 21, 2015, Microsoft announced that the Windows Phone brand would be phased out and replaced with Windows 10 Mobile, bringing tighter integration and unification with its PC counterpart Windows 10, and providing a platform for smartphones and tablets with screen sizes under 8 inches. </p><p>On October 8, 2017, Microsoft officially announced that they would no longer push any major updates to Windows 10 Mobile. The operating system was put in maintenance mode, where Microsoft would push bug fixes and general improvements only. Windows 10 Mobile would not receive any new feature updates.<sup id="cite_ref-cnetW10MobileDead_113-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnetW10MobileDead-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-etW10MobileDead_114-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-etW10MobileDead-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On January 18, 2019, Microsoft announced that support for Windows 10 Mobile would <a href="/wiki/End-of-life_(product)" class="mw-redirect" title="End-of-life (product)">end</a> on December 10, 2019, with no further security updates released after then, and that Windows 10 Mobile users should migrate to iOS or Android phones.<sup id="cite_ref-cnbcW10MobileEOL_116-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnbcW10MobileEOL-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-vergeW10MobileEOL_117-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vergeW10MobileEOL-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The released version of Windows 10 Mobile were: </p> <ul><li>Windows 10 Mobile – Version 1511 (November Update "Threshold") – major UI update</li> <li>Windows 10 Mobile – Version 1607 (Anniversary Update "Redstone 1")</li> <li>Windows 10 Mobile – Version 1703 (Creators Update "Redstone 2")</li> <li>Windows 10 Mobile – Version 1709 (Fall Creators Update)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Windows_8">Windows 8</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=108" title="Edit section: Windows 8"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Windows_8" title="Windows 8">Windows 8</a></div> <p><b>Windows 8</b> is a major release of the <a href="/wiki/Windows_NT" title="Windows NT">Windows NT</a> <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a> developed by <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>. It was <a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle#Release_to_manufacturing_(RTM)" title="Software release life cycle">released to manufacturing</a> on August 1, 2012, and was made available for download via <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Developer_Network" title="Microsoft Developer Network">MSDN</a> and <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_TechNet" title="Microsoft TechNet">TechNet</a> on August 15, 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-verge-81handson_181-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-verge-81handson-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nearly three months after its initial release, it finally made its first retail appearance on October 26, 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-182" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Windows 8 introduced major changes to the operating system's platform and <a href="/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">user interface</a> with the intention to improve its user experience on <a href="/wiki/Tablet_computer" title="Tablet computer">tablets</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a> competed with mobile operating systems such as <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a> and <a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-asd-win8ad_183-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asd-win8ad-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In particular, these changes included a touch-optimized <a href="/wiki/Windows_shell" title="Windows shell">Windows shell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Start_menu#Third_version" title="Start menu">start screen</a> based on Microsoft's <a href="/wiki/Metro_(design_language)" title="Metro (design language)">Metro</a> design language, integration with online services, the <a href="/wiki/Windows_Store" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows Store">Windows Store</a>, and a new keyboard shortcut for <a href="/wiki/Screenshot" title="Screenshot">screenshots</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of these features were adapted from <a href="/wiki/Windows_Phone" title="Windows Phone">Windows Phone</a>. Windows 8 also added support for <a href="/wiki/USB_3.0" title="USB 3.0">USB 3.0</a>, <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Format" title="Advanced Format">Advanced Format</a>, <a href="/wiki/Near-field_communication" title="Near-field communication">near-field communication</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">cloud computing</a>, as well as a new lock screen with clock and notifications and the previously released "<a href="/wiki/Domino_(Jessie_J_song)" title="Domino (Jessie J song)">Domino</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Beauty_and_a_Beat" title="Beauty and a Beat">Beauty and a Beat</a>". Additional security features—including built-in <a href="/wiki/Antivirus_software" title="Antivirus software">antivirus software</a>, integration with <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_SmartScreen" title="Microsoft SmartScreen">Microsoft SmartScreen</a> phishing filtering, and support for <a href="/wiki/UEFI#Secure_Boot" title="UEFI">Secure Boot</a> on supported devices—were introduced. It was the first Windows version to support ARM architecture under the <a href="/wiki/Windows_RT" title="Windows RT">Windows RT</a> branding. No CPUs without <a href="/wiki/Physical_Address_Extension" title="Physical Address Extension">PAE</a>, <a href="/wiki/SSE2" title="SSE2">SSE2</a> and <a href="/wiki/NX_bit" title="NX bit">NX</a> are supported in this version. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Windows_8.1">Windows 8.1</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=109" title="Edit section: Windows 8.1"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Windows_8.1" title="Windows 8.1">Windows 8.1</a></div> <p><b>Windows 8.1</b> is a release of the <a href="/wiki/Windows_NT" title="Windows NT">Windows NT</a> <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a> developed by <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>. It was <a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle#Release_to_manufacturing_(RTM)" title="Software release life cycle">released to manufacturing</a> on August 27, 2013, and broadly released for retail sale on October 17, 2013, about a year after the retail release of its predecessor, and succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Windows_10" title="Windows 10">Windows 10</a> on July 29, 2015. Windows 8.1 was made available for download via <a href="/wiki/MSDN" class="mw-redirect" title="MSDN">MSDN</a> and <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Technet" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Technet">Technet</a> and available as a free upgrade for retail copies of <a href="/wiki/Windows_8" title="Windows 8">Windows 8</a> and <a href="/wiki/Windows_RT" title="Windows RT">Windows RT</a> users via the <a href="/wiki/Windows_Store" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows Store">Windows Store</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Windows_server" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows server">server</a> version, <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2012_R2" title="Windows Server 2012 R2">Windows Server 2012 R2</a>, was released on October 18, 2013. </p><p>Windows 8.1 aimed to address complaints of Windows 8 users and reviewers on launch. Enhancements include an improved <a href="/wiki/Start_menu#Windows_8" title="Start menu">Start screen</a>, additional snap views, additional bundled apps, tighter <a href="/wiki/OneDrive" title="OneDrive">OneDrive</a> (formerly SkyDrive) integration, <a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_11" title="Internet Explorer 11">Internet Explorer 11</a> (IE11), a <a href="/wiki/Bing_(search_engine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bing (search engine)">Bing</a>-powered unified search system, restoration of a visible <a href="/wiki/Start_button" class="mw-redirect" title="Start button">Start button</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Taskbar" title="Taskbar">taskbar</a>, and the ability to restore the previous behavior of opening the user's desktop on login instead of the Start screen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Market_share">Market share</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=110" title="Edit section: Market share"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Usage">Usage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=111" title="Edit section: Usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. <br /><small>Last update: Recent statistics from 2018 is needed for some parts in this section.</small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2018</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Usage_share_of_operating_systems#Crossover_to_smartphones_having_majority_share" title="Usage share of operating systems">Usage share of operating systems § Crossover to smartphones having majority share</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Usage_share_of_web_browsers#Crossover_to_smartphones_having_majority_share" title="Usage share of web browsers">Usage share of web browsers § Crossover to smartphones having majority share</a></div> <p>In 2006, Android and iOS did not exist and only 64 million smartphones were sold.<sup id="cite_ref-Canalys_Q2_185-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Canalys_Q2-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018 Q1, 183.5 million smartphones were sold and global market share was 48.9% for Android and 19.1% for iOS. Only 131,000 smartphones running other operating systems were sold, constituting 0.03% of sales.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_186-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/StatCounter" title="StatCounter">StatCounter</a> web use statistics (a proxy for all use), smartphones (alone without tablets) have majority use globally, with desktop computers used much less (and Android, in particular, more popular than Windows).<sup id="cite_ref-187" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Use varies however by continent with smartphones way more popular in the biggest continents, i.e. Asia, and the desktop still more popular in some, though not in North America. </p><p>The desktop is still popular in many countries (while overall down to 44.9% in the first quarter of 2017<sup id="cite_ref-Q1_2017_188-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Q1_2017-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), smartphones are more popular even in many developed countries (or about to be in more). A few countries on any continent are desktop-minority; European countries (and some in South America, and a few, e.g. Haiti, in North America; and most in Asia and Africa) are smartphone-majority, Poland and Turkey highest with 57.68% and 62.33%, respectively. In Ireland, smartphone use at 45.55% outnumbers desktop use and mobile as a whole gains majority when including the tablet share at 9.12%.<sup id="cite_ref-189" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>189<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Q1_2017_188-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Q1_2017-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Spain is also slightly desktop-minority. </p><p>The range of measured mobile web use varies a lot by country, and a StatCounter press release recognizes "India among world leaders in use of mobile to surf the internet"<sup id="cite_ref-190" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>190<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (of the big countries) where the share is around (or over) 80%<sup id="cite_ref-191" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-191"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and desktop is at 19.56%, with Russia trailing with 17.8% mobile use (and desktop the rest). </p><p>Smartphones (alone, without tablets), first gained majority in December 2016 (desktop-majority was lost the month before), and it was not a Christmas-time fluke, as while close to majority after smartphone majority happened again in March 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-Q1_2017_188-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Q1_2017-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the week from November 7–13, 2016, smartphones alone (without tablets) overtook desktop, for the first time (for a short period; non-full-month).<sup id="cite_ref-192" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mobile-majority applies to countries such as Paraguay in South America, Poland in Europe and Turkey; and most of Asia and Africa. Some of the world is still desktop-majority, with e.g. in the United States at 54.89% (but no not on all days).<sup id="cite_ref-193" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-193"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>193<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in some <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">territories of the United States</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-194" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-194"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> desktop is way under majority, with Windows under 30% overtaken by Android. </p><p>On October 22, 2016 (and subsequent weekends), mobile showed majority.<sup id="cite_ref-195" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-195"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>195<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since October 27, the desktop has not shown majority, not even on weekdays. Smartphones alone have showed majority since December 23 to the end of the year, with the share topping at 58.22% on Christmas Day.<sup id="cite_ref-196" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-196"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To the "mobile"-majority share then of smartphones, tablets could be added giving a 63.22% majority. While an unusually high top, a similarly high also happened on Monday April 17, 2017, with then only smartphones share slightly lower and tablet share slightly higher, with them combined at 62.88%. </p><p>According to a StatCounter November 1, 2016 press release<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the world has turned desktop-minority;<sup id="cite_ref-197" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-197"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>197<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at about 49% desktop use for the previous month, but mobile was not ranked higher, tablet share had to be added to it to exceed desktop share. By now, mobile (smartphones) have full majority, outnumbering desktop/laptop computers by a safe margin (and no longer counting tablets with desktops makes them most popular). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_operating_system">By operating system</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=112" title="Edit section: By operating system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Notes: </p> <ol><li>Windows includes all versions.</li> <li>BlackBerry includes all versions.</li> <li>Other includes all other smartphone OSes but not feature phone OSes.</li></ol> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:auto;"> <caption>Worldwide smartphone sales (thousands of units) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Android</th> <th>iOS</th> <th>BharOS</th> <th>Windows</th> <th>BlackBerry</th> <th>Symbian</th> <th>Other</th> <th>Total smartphones </th></tr> <tr> <td>2023 (est.) </td> <td>1,125,000</td> <td>280,000</td> <td>55,000</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>11,000</td> <td>1,163,000<sup id="cite_ref-198" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-198"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2022 </td> <td>1,000,000</td> <td>200,000</td> <td>50,000</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>10,000</td> <td>1,200,000<sup id="cite_ref-199" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-199"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>199<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021 </td> <td>1,250,000</td> <td>250,000</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>1,500,000<sup id="cite_ref-200" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-200"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>200<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2020 </td> <td>1,020,000</td> <td>240,000</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>1,280,000<sup id="cite_ref-201" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-201"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>201<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2019 </td> <td>1,100,000</td> <td>220,000</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>1,370,000<sup id="cite_ref-202" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-202"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>202<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018 </td> <td>1,337,480</td> <td>209,616</td> <td>89,500</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>562</td> <td>1,491,619 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2017 </td> <td>1,329,206</td> <td>224,720</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>2,875</td> <td>1,557,282 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=113" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Noun-technology.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/29px-Noun-technology.svg.png" decoding="async" width="29" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/43px-Noun-technology.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/57px-Noun-technology.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="90" data-file-height="88" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Technology" title="Portal:Technology">Technology portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col div-col-small" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_mobile_operating_systems" title="Comparison of mobile operating systems">Comparison of mobile operating systems</a> – Operating system comparison</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_satellite_navigation_software" title="Comparison of satellite navigation software">Comparison of satellite navigation software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_appliance" title="Information appliance">Information appliance</a> – Mobile device that can process information</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_open-source_mobile_phones" title="List of open-source mobile phones">List of open-source mobile phones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_device" title="Mobile device">Mobile device</a> – Small, hand-held computing device</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_operating_system" title="Network operating system">Network operating system</a> – Computer software for running local area networks</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a> – Software that manages computer hardware resources</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real-time_operating_system" title="Real-time operating system">Real-time operating system</a> – Computer operating system for applications with critical timing constraints</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">Smartphone</a> – Handheld mobile device</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_agent" title="Software agent">Software agent</a> – Computer program acting for a user</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tablet_computer" title="Tablet computer">Tablet computer</a> – Mobile computer with integrated display, circuitry and battery</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usage_share_of_operating_systems" title="Usage share of operating systems">Usage share of operating systems</a> – Relative market adoption of operating systems</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=114" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gs.statcounter.com/os-market-share/all/india/">the original</a> on April 22, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=StatCounter+Global+Stats&rft.atitle=Operating+System+Market+Share+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgs.statcounter.com%2Fos-market-share%2Fall%2Findia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMobile+operating+system" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gs.statcounter.com/#all-comparison-ww-weekly-201634-201645">"Comparison from W34 to W45 2015"</a>. <i>StatCounter Global Stats</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170420175502/http://gs.statcounter.com/#all-comparison-ww-weekly-201634-201645">Archived</a> from the original on April 20, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=StatCounter+Global+Stats&rft.atitle=Comparison+from+W34+to+W45+2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgs.statcounter.com%2F%23all-comparison-ww-weekly-201634-201645&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMobile+operating+system" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gs.statcounter.com/#all-comparison-ww-weekly-201645-201645-map">"StatCounter Global Stats – Browser, OS, Search Engine including Mobile Usage Share"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120526/http://gs.statcounter.com/%23mobile_browser-ww-monthly-201012-201111-bar#all-comparison-ww-weekly-201645-201645-map">Archived</a> from the original on May 26, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=StatCounter+Global+Stats+%E2%80%93+Browser%2C+OS%2C+Search+Engine+including+Mobile+Usage+Share&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgs.statcounter.com%2F%23all-comparison-ww-weekly-201645-201645-map&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMobile+operating+system" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170623104625/http://gs.statcounter.com/os-market-share/all/puerto-rico">"Operating System Market Share Puerto Rico"</a>. <i>StatCounter Global Stats</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gs.statcounter.com/os-market-share/all/puerto-rico/">the original</a> on June 23, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=StatCounter+Global+Stats&rft.atitle=Operating+System+Market+Share+Puerto+Rico&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgs.statcounter.com%2Fos-market-share%2Fall%2Fpuerto-rico%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMobile+operating+system" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gs.statcounter.com/#all-comparison-ww-daily-20160628-20161114">"StatCounter Global Stats – Browser, OS, Search Engine including Mobile Usage Share"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120526/http://gs.statcounter.com/%23mobile_browser-ww-monthly-201012-201111-bar#all-comparison-ww-daily-20160628-20161114">Archived</a> from the original on May 26, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=StatCounter+Global+Stats+%E2%80%93+Browser%2C+OS%2C+Search+Engine+including+Mobile+Usage+Share&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgs.statcounter.com%2F%23all-comparison-ww-daily-20160628-20161114&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMobile+operating+system" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gs.statcounter.com/#all-comparison-ww-daily-20161024-20170430">"StatCounter Global Stats – Browser, OS, Search Engine including Mobile Usage Share"</a>. <i>statcounter.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120526/http://gs.statcounter.com/%23mobile_browser-ww-monthly-201012-201111-bar#all-comparison-ww-daily-20161024-20170430">Archived</a> from the original on May 26, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 22,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=statcounter.com&rft.atitle=StatCounter+Global+Stats+%E2%80%93+Browser%2C+OS%2C+Search+Engine+including+Mobile+Usage+Share&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgs.statcounter.com%2F%23all-comparison-ww-daily-20161024-20170430&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMobile+operating+system" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gs.statcounter.com/press/mobile-and-tablet-internet-usage-exceeds-desktop-for-first-time-worldwide">"Mobile and tablet Internet usage exceeds desktop for first time worldwide"</a>. <i>StatCounter</i> (Press release). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161101170640/http://gs.statcounter.com/press/mobile-and-tablet-internet-usage-exceeds-desktop-for-first-time-worldwide">Archived</a> from the original on November 1, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mobile+and+tablet+Internet+usage+exceeds+desktop+for+first+time+worldwide&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgs.statcounter.com%2Fpress%2Fmobile-and-tablet-internet-usage-exceeds-desktop-for-first-time-worldwide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMobile+operating+system" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idc.com/getdoc.jsp?containerId=prUS51434423">"IDC Worldwide Smartphone Forecast 2023-2027"</a>. <i>IDC</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 9,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IDC&rft.atitle=IDC+Worldwide+Smartphone+Forecast+2023-2027&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.idc.com%2Fgetdoc.jsp%3FcontainerId%3DprUS51434423&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMobile+operating+system" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canalys.com/newsroom/smartphone-shipments-Q4-2022">"Smartphone Shipments Fall 18% in Q4 2022"</a>. <i>Canalys</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 9,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Canalys&rft.atitle=Smartphone+Shipments+Fall+18%25+in+Q4+2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.canalys.com%2Fnewsroom%2Fsmartphone-shipments-Q4-2022&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMobile+operating+system" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.counterpointresearch.com/global-smartphone-market-tracker/">"Global Smartphone Market Rebounded Strongly in 2021"</a>. <i>Counterpoint Research</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 9,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Counterpoint+Research&rft.atitle=Global+Smartphone+Market+Rebounded+Strongly+in+2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.counterpointresearch.com%2Fglobal-smartphone-market-tracker%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMobile+operating+system" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gartner.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2021-02-22-gartner-says-worldwide-smartphone-sales-declined-12-5-percent-in-2020">"Gartner Says Worldwide Smartphone Sales Declined 12.5% in 2020"</a>. <i>Gartner</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 9,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gartner&rft.atitle=Gartner+Says+Worldwide+Smartphone+Sales+Declined+12.5%25+in+2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gartner.com%2Fen%2Fnewsroom%2Fpress-releases%2F2021-02-22-gartner-says-worldwide-smartphone-sales-declined-12-5-percent-in-2020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMobile+operating+system" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gartner.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2020-02-25-gartner-says-worldwide-smartphone-sales-declined-for-the-first-time-in-2019">"Gartner Says Worldwide Smartphone Sales Declined for the First Time in 2019"</a>. <i>Gartner</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 9,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gartner&rft.atitle=Gartner+Says+Worldwide+Smartphone+Sales+Declined+for+the+First+Time+in+2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gartner.com%2Fen%2Fnewsroom%2Fpress-releases%2F2020-02-25-gartner-says-worldwide-smartphone-sales-declined-for-the-first-time-in-2019&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMobile+operating+system" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_operating_system&action=edit&section=115" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.android.com/">Android</a></li> 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abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mobile_operating_systems" title="Template:Mobile operating systems"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mobile_operating_systems" title="Template talk:Mobile operating systems"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mobile_operating_systems" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mobile operating systems"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mobile_operating_systems" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mobile operating systems</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_mobile_operating_systems" title="Comparison of mobile operating systems">Mobile OS comparisons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_open-source_mobile_phones" title="List of open-source mobile phones">Open-source mobile phones / OSes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Handset_Alliance" title="Open Handset Alliance">Open Handset Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Mobile_Alliance" title="Open Mobile Alliance">Open Mobile Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mobile_app_distribution_platforms" title="List of mobile app distribution platforms">Mobile app distributions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_app_development" title="Mobile app development">Mobile app development</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Linux</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Linux_Kernel" class="mw-redirect" title="Linux Kernel">Linux Kernel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Active</b>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_custom_Android_distributions" title="List of custom Android distributions">forks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Android_Go" title="Android Go">Android Go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wear_OS" title="Wear OS">Wear OS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMUI" title="EMUI">EMUI</a>/<a href="/wiki/HarmonyOS" title="HarmonyOS">HarmonyOS</a> (Linux kernel subsystem)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ChromeOS" title="ChromeOS">ChromeOS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ChromeOS_Flex" class="mw-redirect" title="ChromeOS Flex">ChromeOS Flex</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KaiOS" title="KaiOS">KaiOS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMD_Global#Smart_Feature_OS" title="HMD Global">Smart Feature OS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Kindle" title="Amazon Kindle">Kindle firmware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LuneOS" title="LuneOS">LuneOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maemo#Maemo_Leste" title="Maemo">Maemo Leste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tizen" title="Tizen">Tizen</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Defunct</b>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bada_(operating_system)" title="Bada (operating system)">Bada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefox_OS" title="Firefox OS">Firefox OS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B2G_OS" class="mw-redirect" title="B2G OS">B2G OS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MeeGo" title="MeeGo">MeeGo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MontaVista" title="MontaVista">MontaVista</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MotoMagx" title="MotoMagx">MotoMagx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobilinux" title="Mobilinux">Mobilinux</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenEmbedded" title="OpenEmbedded">OpenEmbedded</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%85ngstr%C3%B6m_distribution" title="Ångström distribution">Ångström</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Openmoko_Linux" title="Openmoko Linux">Openmoko Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QtMoko" class="mw-redirect" title="QtMoko">QtMoko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SHR_(operating_system)" title="SHR (operating system)">SHR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenEZX" title="OpenEZX">OpenEZX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebOS" title="WebOS">WebOS</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/GNU" title="GNU">GNU</a>/<a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Active</b>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fedora_Linux" title="Fedora Linux">Fedora Mobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manjaro" title="Manjaro">Manjaro ARM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PostmarketOS" title="PostmarketOS">postmarketOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PureOS" title="PureOS">PureOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailfish_OS" title="Sailfish OS">Sailfish OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SteamOS" title="SteamOS">SteamOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_Touch" title="Ubuntu Touch">Ubuntu Touch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UBports" class="mw-redirect" title="UBports">UBports</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobian" title="Mobian">Mobian</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Defunct</b>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maemo" title="Maemo">Maemo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mer_(software_distribution)" title="Mer (software distribution)">Mer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moblin" title="Moblin">Moblin</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/XNU" title="XNU">XNU</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPadOS" title="IPadOS">iPadOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WatchOS" title="WatchOS">watchOS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BridgeOS" title="BridgeOS">bridgeOS</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/QNX" title="QNX">QNX</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BlackBerry_10" title="BlackBerry 10">BlackBerry 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BlackBerry_Tablet_OS" title="BlackBerry Tablet OS">BlackBerry Tablet OS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft<br />Windows</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Windows_XP_editions#Tablet_PC_Edition" title="Windows XP editions">Windows XP Tablet PC Edition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Mobile" title="Windows Mobile">Windows Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Phone" title="Windows Phone">Windows Phone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Phone_7" title="Windows Phone 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Phone_8" title="Windows Phone 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Phone_8.1" title="Windows Phone 8.1">8.1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_RT" title="Windows RT">Windows RT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_10_Mobile" title="Windows 10 Mobile">Windows 10 Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_8" title="Windows 8">Windows 8</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Windows_8.1" title="Windows 8.1">Windows 8.1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_10" title="Windows 10">Windows 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_11" title="Windows 11">Windows 11</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zircon_(microkernel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zircon (microkernel)">Zircon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fuchsia_(operating_system)" title="Fuchsia (operating system)">Fuchsia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a>/<a href="/wiki/NetBSD" title="NetBSD">NetBSD</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Vita_system_software" title="PlayStation Vita system software">PlayStation Vita system software</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/OpenHarmony" title="OpenHarmony">OpenHarmony</a>/<a href="/wiki/HarmonyOS_NEXT" title="HarmonyOS NEXT">HarmonyOS NEXT</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Active</b>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OpenHarmony" title="OpenHarmony">OpenHarmony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HarmonyOS" title="HarmonyOS">HarmonyOS</a> (<a href="/wiki/HarmonyOS_NEXT" title="HarmonyOS NEXT">HarmonyOS NEXT</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><b>Defunct</b>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EMUI" title="EMUI">EMUI</a> (Non GMS based)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LiteOS" title="LiteOS">LiteOS</a></li> <li>Huawei Band OS</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/FreeRTOS" title="FreeRTOS">FreeRTOS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Amazfit OS <ul><li>Zepp OS</li></ul></li> <li>MIUI Band OS</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo system software</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_3DS_system_software" title="Nintendo 3DS system software">Nintendo 3DS system software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_DSi_system_software" title="Nintendo DSi system software">Nintendo DSi system software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Switch_system_software" title="Nintendo Switch system software">Nintendo Switch system software</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minix_3" title="Minix 3">Minix 3</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Management_Engine" title="Intel Management Engine">Intel Management Engine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Symbian" title="Symbian">Symbian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S60_(software_platform)" title="S60 (software platform)">S60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Series_80_(software_platform)" title="Series 80 (software platform)">S80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Series_90_(software_platform)" title="Series 90 (software platform)">S90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UIQ" title="UIQ">UIQ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Binary_Runtime_Environment_for_Wireless" title="Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless">Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless</a> (BREW)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BlackBerry_OS" title="BlackBerry OS">BlackBerry OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EPOC_(operating_system)" title="EPOC (operating system)">EPOC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GEOS_(16-bit_operating_system)" title="GEOS (16-bit operating system)">GEOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_Cap" title="Magic Cap">Magic Cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nokia_Asha_platform" title="Nokia Asha platform">Nokia Asha platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PalmDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="PalmDOS">PalmDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_OS" title="Palm OS">Palm OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Portable_system_software" title="PlayStation Portable system software">PlayStation Portable system software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Series_30" title="Series 30">S30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Series_30%2B" title="Series 30+">S30+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Series_40" title="Series 40">S40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Ericsson_Java_Platform" title="Sony Ericsson Java Platform">Sony Ericsson Java Platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ThreadX" title="ThreadX">ThreadX</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Mobile_operating_systems" title="Category:Mobile operating systems">Mobile operating systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mobile_applications" title="Category:Mobile applications">Mobile applications</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Telecommunication" title="Portal:Telecommunication">Telecommunication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Software" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Software">Software</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mobile_phones" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mobile_phones" title="Template:Mobile phones"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mobile_phones" title="Template talk:Mobile phones"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mobile_phones" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mobile phones"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mobile_phones" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone" title="Mobile phone">Mobile phones</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cellular_network" title="Cellular network">Mobile<br />networks</a>,<br />protocols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Channel_capacity" title="Channel capacity">Channel capacity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellular_frequencies" title="Cellular frequencies">Frequencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-band_device" title="Multi-band device">Multi-band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_operator" title="Mobile phone operator">Network operator</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mobile_network_operators" title="List of mobile network operators">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roaming" title="Roaming">Roaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_signal" title="Mobile phone signal">Signal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIM_card" title="SIM card">SIM card</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dual_SIM" title="Dual SIM">dual SIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESIM" title="ESIM">eSIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIM_lock" title="SIM lock">SIM lock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_mobile_phone_standards" title="Comparison of mobile phone standards">Standards comparison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tethering" title="Tethering">Tethering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_VoIP" title="Mobile VoIP">VoIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_Application_Protocol" title="Wireless Application Protocol">WAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XHTML_Mobile_Profile" title="XHTML Mobile Profile">XHTML-MP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_mobile_phone_generations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mobile phone generations">Generations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Analogue</b>:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_radio_telephone" title="Mobile radio telephone">0G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1G" title="1G">1G</a></li> <li><b>Digital</b>:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2G" title="2G">2G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3G" title="3G">3G</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3G_adoption" title="3G adoption">adoption</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access" title="High Speed Packet Access">3.5G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4G" title="4G">4G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LTE_Advanced_Pro" class="mw-redirect" title="LTE Advanced Pro">4.5G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5G" title="5G">5G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6G" title="6G">6G</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General<br />operation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_feature" title="Mobile phone feature">Features</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GSM_services" title="GSM services">services</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_mobile_phones" title="History of mobile phones">History</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Operating system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_security" title="Mobile security">Security</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phone_cloning" title="Phone cloning">phone cloning</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_telephony" title="Mobile telephony">Telephony</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airplane_mode" title="Airplane mode">airplane mode</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Text_messaging" title="Text messaging">Text messaging</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Short_Message_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Short Message Service">SMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multimedia_Messaging_Service" title="Multimedia Messaging Service">MMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rich_Communication_Services" title="Rich Communication Services">RCS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_spam" title="Mobile phone spam">Spam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_tracking" title="Mobile phone tracking">Tracking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_web" title="Mobile web">Web browsing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mobile_device" title="Mobile device">Mobile<br />devices</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Mobile_phone_manufacturers" title="Category:Mobile phone manufacturers">Manufacturers</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_3D-enabled_mobile_phones" title="List of 3D-enabled mobile phones">3D phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camera_phone" title="Camera phone">Camera phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Car_phone" title="Car phone">Car phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feature_phone" title="Feature phone">Feature phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Projector_phone" title="Projector phone">Projector phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_phone" title="Satellite phone">Satellite phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">Smartphone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Form_factor_(mobile_phones)" title="Form factor (mobile phones)">Form factors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Form_factor_(mobile_phones)#Bar" title="Form factor (mobile phones)">Bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clamshell_design" title="Clamshell design">Flip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phablet" title="Phablet">Phablet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Form_factor_(mobile_phones)#Slider" title="Form factor (mobile phones)">Slider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Form_factor_(mobile_phones)#Slate" title="Form factor (mobile phones)">Slate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smartwatch" title="Smartwatch">Smartwatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foldable_smartphone" title="Foldable smartphone">Fold</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_smartphones" title="Comparison of smartphones">Smartphones</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android devices</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rooting_(Android)" title="Rooting (Android)">rooting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BlackBerry_10#Devices" title="BlackBerry 10">BlackBerry 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IOS_jailbreaking" title="IOS jailbreaking">iOS jailbreaking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_open-source_mobile_phones" title="List of open-source mobile phones">Open-source mobile phones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Symbian_devices" title="Comparison of Symbian devices">Symbian devices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Windows_phones" title="List of Windows phones">Windows Phone devices</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mobile<br />specific<br /><a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">software</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mobile_app" title="Mobile app">Apps</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_app_development" title="Mobile app development">Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mobile_app_distribution_platforms" title="List of mobile app distribution platforms">Distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_application_management" title="Mobile application management">Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_cloud_computing" title="Mobile cloud computing">Cloud computing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mobile_commerce" title="Mobile commerce">Commerce</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_banking" title="Mobile banking">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_marketing" title="Mobile marketing">Marketing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_advertising" title="Mobile advertising">advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_campaign" title="Mobile campaign">campaigns</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_payment" title="Mobile payment">Payments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contactless_payment" title="Contactless payment">contactless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_donating" title="Mobile donating">donating</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_ticketing" title="Mobile ticketing">Ticketing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mobile_content" title="Mobile content">Content</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_blogging" title="Mobile blogging">Blogging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Push_email" title="Push email">Email</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_gambling" title="Mobile gambling">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_game" title="Mobile game">Gaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MHealth" title="MHealth">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instant_messaging" title="Instant messaging">Instant messaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-learning" title="M-learning">Learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_music" title="Mobile music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_news" title="Mobile news">News</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_search&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mobile search (page does not exist)">Search</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_local_search" title="Mobile local search">local</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_social_network" title="Mobile social network">Social</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_social_address_book" title="Mobile social address book">address book</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_television" title="Mobile television">Television</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Mobile_phone_culture" title="Category:Mobile phone culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Box_breaker" title="Box breaker">Box breaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_charm" title="Mobile phone charm">Charms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_comic" title="Mobile comic">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_dating" title="Mobile dating">Dating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_mobile_phone_culture" title="Japanese mobile phone culture">Japanese culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cell_phone_novel" title="Cell phone novel">Novels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringtone" title="Ringtone">Ringtones</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silent_mode" title="Silent mode">silent mode</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selfie" title="Selfie">Selfie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMS_language" title="SMS language">Txt-spk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallpaper_(computing)" title="Wallpaper (computing)">Wallpaper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Environment<br />and health</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/De_Quervain_syndrome" title="De Quervain syndrome">BlackBerry thumb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phones_and_driving_safety" title="Mobile phones and driving safety">Driving safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_waste" title="Electronic waste">Electronic waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_external_power_supply" title="Common external power supply">External power supply</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_media_use_and_mental_health" title="Digital media use and mental health">Mental health from overuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phantom_vibration_syndrome" title="Phantom vibration syndrome">Phantom vibration syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_device_radiation_and_health" title="Wireless device radiation and health">Radiation and health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_recycling" title="Mobile phone recycling">Recycling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carrier_IQ" title="Carrier IQ">Carrier IQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legality_of_recording_by_civilians" title="Legality of recording by civilians">Legality of recording by civilians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phones_in_prison" title="Mobile phones in prison">Mobile phones in prison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_and_the_law" title="Photography and the law">Photography and the law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_tapping" class="mw-redirect" title="Telephone tapping">Telephone tapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texting_while_driving" title="Texting while driving">Texting while driving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restrictions_on_cell_phone_use_while_driving_in_the_United_States" title="Restrictions on cell phone use while driving in the United States">USA use restrictions while driving</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/28px-Telecom-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/42px-Telecom-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/56px-Telecom-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Telecommunication" title="Portal:Telecommunication">Telecommunication portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="telephone icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg/28px-Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg/42px-Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg/56px-Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="722" data-file-height="722" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Telephones" title="Portal:Telephones">Telephones portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Mobile_telecommunications" title="Category:Mobile telecommunications">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Operating_systems" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Operating_systems" title="Template:Operating systems"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Operating_systems" title="Template talk:Operating systems"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Operating_systems" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Operating systems"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Operating_systems" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating systems</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_operating_systems" title="Comparison of operating systems">Comparison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forensic_software_engineering" title="Forensic software engineering">Forensic engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_operating_systems" title="History of operating systems">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_operating_systems" title="List of operating systems">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_operating_systems" title="Timeline of operating systems">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usage_share_of_operating_systems" title="Usage share of operating systems">Usage share</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_user_features_of_operating_systems" title="Comparison of user features of operating systems">User features comparison</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Variants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disk_operating_system" title="Disk operating system">Disk operating system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributed_operating_system" title="Distributed operating system">Distributed operating system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embedded_operating_system" title="Embedded operating system">Embedded operating system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobbyist_operating_system" title="Hobbyist operating system">Hobbyist operating system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Just_enough_operating_system" title="Just enough operating system">Just enough operating system</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mobile operating system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_operating_system" title="Network operating system">Network operating system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object-oriented_operating_system" title="Object-oriented operating system">Object-oriented operating system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real-time_operating_system" title="Real-time operating system">Real-time operating system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supercomputer_operating_system" title="Supercomputer operating system">Supercomputer operating system</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kernel_(operating_system)" title="Kernel (operating system)">Kernel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Computer_architecture" title="Computer architecture">Architectures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exokernel" title="Exokernel">Exokernel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hybrid_kernel" title="Hybrid kernel">Hybrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microkernel" title="Microkernel">Microkernel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monolithic_kernel" title="Monolithic kernel">Monolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multikernel" title="Multikernel">Multikernel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vkernel" title="Vkernel">vkernel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rump_kernel" title="Rump kernel">Rump kernel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unikernel" title="Unikernel">Unikernel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Device_driver" title="Device driver">Device driver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loadable_kernel_module" title="Loadable kernel module">Loadable kernel module</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User_space_and_kernel_space" title="User space and kernel space">User space and kernel space</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Process_management_(computing)" title="Process management (computing)">Process management</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computer_multitasking" title="Computer multitasking">Computer multitasking</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cooperative_multitasking" title="Cooperative multitasking">Cooperative</a>, <a href="/wiki/Preemption_(computing)" title="Preemption (computing)">Preemptive</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Context_switch" title="Context switch">Context switch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interrupt" title="Interrupt">Interrupt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-process_communication" title="Inter-process communication">IPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process_(computing)" title="Process (computing)">Process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process_control_block" title="Process control block">Process control block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real-time_operating_system" title="Real-time operating system">Real-time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thread_(computing)" title="Thread (computing)">Thread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time-sharing" title="Time-sharing">Time-sharing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Scheduling_(computing)" title="Scheduling (computing)">Scheduling<br />algorithms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fixed-priority_pre-emptive_scheduling" title="Fixed-priority pre-emptive scheduling">Fixed-priority preemptive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multilevel_feedback_queue" title="Multilevel feedback queue">Multilevel feedback queue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round-robin_scheduling" title="Round-robin scheduling">Round-robin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shortest_job_next" title="Shortest job next">Shortest job next</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Memory_management_(operating_systems)" title="Memory management (operating systems)">Memory management</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/System_resource" title="System resource">resource</a> protection</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bus_error" title="Bus error">Bus error</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_protection_fault" title="General protection fault">General protection fault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory_paging" title="Memory paging">Memory paging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory_protection" title="Memory protection">Memory protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protection_ring" title="Protection ring">Protection ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segmentation_fault" title="Segmentation fault">Segmentation fault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_memory" title="Virtual memory">Virtual memory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Non-volatile_memory" title="Non-volatile memory">Storage</a> access,<br /><a href="/wiki/File_system" title="File system">file systems</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Booting#BOOT-LOADER" title="Booting">Boot loader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defragmentation" title="Defragmentation">Defragmentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Device_file" title="Device file">Device file</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_attribute" title="File attribute">File attribute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inode" title="Inode">Inode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journaling_file_system" title="Journaling file system">Journal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disk_partitioning" title="Disk partitioning">Partition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_file_system" title="Virtual file system">Virtual file system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_tape_library" title="Virtual tape library">Virtual tape library</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Supporting concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/API" title="API">API</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_network" title="Computer network">Computer network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardware_abstraction" title="Hardware abstraction">HAL</a></li> <li><a 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