Sessions | Infectious Diseases | Prevention, and Control | Conference | Longdom | Health

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cnt-head">Infectious Diseases, Prevention, and Control</h1> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.longdom.com/infectiousdisease">Home</a> -</li> <li>Sessions</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="about-event-area2 bg-color-balck"> <div class="container"> <div class="accordion-option"> <h3 class="title">Sessions</h3> <a href="javascript:void(0)" class="toggle-accordion" accordion-id="#accordion"></a> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div class="accodion-container"> <div class="col-xs-12 padding-0"> <div class="sessions panel-group panel-box" id="accordion" role="tablist" aria-multiselectable="true"> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading" role="tab" id="heading1"> <h4 class="panel-title"> <a role="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#accordion" href="#collapse1" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseOne"> Infectious Diseases Prevention, Control and Cure </a> </h4> </div> <div id="collapse1" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="heading1"> <div class="panel-body"> <p><b> Infectious Diseases Prevention, Control and Cure</b></br><p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Microorganisms, encompassing viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites, contribute to the onset of infectious diseases, which can be transmitted among individuals. While infectious diseases are an inevitable aspect of life, there exists a range of strategies to help prevent infections and treat diseases when they occur. These approaches span individual efforts to national and global detection, prevention, and treatment methods, all of which play a crucial role in maintaining the health and safety of communities, nations, and the global population.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">In the context of healthcare and public health, infection control procedures are imperative to hinder the spread of infections between individuals, whether from a healthcare professional to a patient or vice versa. Infection control involves diverse strategies aimed at preventing and managing the dissemination of infectious diseases.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Key measures in infection control include:</span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Handwashing</span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Asepsis</span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Disinfection Methods</span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Reducing the Number of Sex Partners</span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Abstinence</span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Early Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases</span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Standard Environmental Cleaning</span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Sterilization Methods</span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">These strategies collectively contribute to maintaining a safer and healthier environment, curtailing the transmission of infections and promoting overall well-being in various settings.</span></span></p> </p> <ul> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading" role="tab" id="heading2"> <h4 class="panel-title"> <a role="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#accordion" href="#collapse2" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseOne"> Bacterial Infectious Diseases </a> </h4> </div> <div id="collapse2" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="heading2"> <div class="panel-body"> <p><b>Bacterial Infectious Diseases</b></br><p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Bacteria, single-celled microscopic organisms, are omnipresent and can thrive in diverse environments across the globe. They exist in various climates, geographical locations, and mediums, including air, water, and soil. Bacteria inhabit plants, animals, and humans, contributing significantly to both organisms and the overall ecological balance. Despite the negative connotation associated with the term "bacteria," these microorganisms play crucial roles in maintaining the health of organisms and the environment.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Bacterial infections occur when potentially harmful strains of bacteria multiply within or on the body. Bacteria have the capacity to infect any part of the body, leading to varied signs and symptoms depending on the affected area. The manifestations of bacterial and viral infections may overlap, sharing similarities in certain instances.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Topics related to bacteria encompass a wide range of areas, including:</span></span></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Bacterial Toxins</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Bacterial Genomics</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Bacteraemia</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Bacterial Diseases</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Immunology</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Bacteriology</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Anthrax</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Biological Weapons</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Etiology, Pathology, And Pathophysiology</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Causative Agents of Infectious Diseases</span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Exploring these aspects provides a comprehensive understanding of bacteria's diverse roles, from their ecological significance to their involvement in infectious diseases and the corresponding fields of study<strong>.</strong></span></span></span></p> </p> <ul> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading" role="tab" id="heading3"> <h4 class="panel-title"> <a role="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#accordion" href="#collapse3" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseOne"> Parasitology & Infectious Diseases </a> </h4> </div> <div id="collapse3" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="heading3"> <div class="panel-body"> <p><b>Parasitology & Infectious Diseases</b></br><p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Parasites are organisms that sustain themselves by consuming and thriving on other living entities, including the human body. Acquisition of these parasites can occur through various means such as contaminated food or water, insect bites, or sexual contact. While some parasitic infections are easily treatable, others pose more significant challenges. Parasites encompass a spectrum of sizes, ranging from microscopic single-celled organisms called protozoa to larger worms visible to the naked eye. Human parasites specifically target people, causing parasitic diseases that can impact a wide array of living organisms, including plants and warm-blooded animals. The scientific field dedicated to the study of parasitic diseases, as well as infections caused by fungi and bacteria, is known as parasitology.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"> </p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Germs, also referred to as microorganisms, are ubiquitous in the air, soil, and water. They can be present on the skin and within the body. While many germs are harmless and some can even be beneficial, certain types have the potential to cause illness. Diseases resulting from germs are termed infectious diseases.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">The study of parasitic diseases and related topics includes:</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Medical Parasitology</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Immunology and Host Specificity</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Ecology and Epidemiology</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Control of Parasitic Disease</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">These areas of study delve into the complexities of parasitic interactions, the host's immune responses, the ecological and epidemiological aspects of parasitic diseases, and strategies for controlling and preventing these conditions.</span></span></span></p> </p> <ul> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading" role="tab" id="heading4"> <h4 class="panel-title"> <a role="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#accordion" href="#collapse4" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseOne"> Causes and Symptoms of Infectious Diseases </a> </h4> </div> <div id="collapse4" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="heading4"> <div class="panel-body"> <p><b>Causes and Symptoms of Infectious Diseases</b></br><p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Infections resulting from bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites pose a threat to our well-being. Our bodies harbor a diverse array of organisms, most of which are harmless or even beneficial. However, certain microbes can induce illness under specific conditions. Some of these infectious diseases are communicable, capable of spreading from one person to another. Various vectors, including insects and other animals, can transmit several diseases. Additionally, some infections can be contracted through the consumption of contaminated food or water or by exposure to environmental organisms. Common indicators of infectious diseases include fever and fatigue, with symptoms varying based on the specific organism causing the infection.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Key aspects related to infectious diseases encompass:</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Communicable Diseases</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Public Health and Prevention</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Diagnosis</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Causes and Symptoms</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Disease Eradication</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Exploring these areas provides insights into the transmission, prevention, diagnosis, causative agents, symptoms, and efforts aimed at eradicating infectious diseases, contributing to the overall understanding and management of these health challenges.</span></span></span></p> </p> <ul> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading" role="tab" id="heading5"> <h4 class="panel-title"> <a role="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#accordion" href="#collapse5" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseOne"> Vaccines and Vaccination </a> </h4> </div> <div id="collapse5" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="heading5"> <div class="panel-body"> <p><b>Vaccines and Vaccination</b></br><p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Vaccination presents a straightforward, secure, and effective method for safeguarding oneself against life-threatening illnesses before they can take hold. It fortifies the immune system by leveraging the body's natural defenses to establish resistance against specific pathogens. Vaccines instruct the immune system to generate antibodies, mirroring the response triggered by exposure to an actual disease. Importantly, vaccines pose no risk of causing illness or complications, containing only inactivated or weakened forms of pathogens such as viruses or bacteria. By interacting with the body's innate defenses, vaccines create a shield, diminishing the likelihood of contracting diseases.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"> </p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">The process of vaccination elicits a responsive reaction from the immune system without inducing illness, making it a prudent and safe strategy to stimulate immune responses in the body. Our immune systems exhibit a remarkable capacity to retain information, providing protection against diseases for extended periods—spanning years, decades, or even a lifetime—after the administration of one or more vaccine doses.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Research and development in the realm of vaccines cover various areas, including:</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Human Vaccines - Addressing both infectious and non-infectious diseases.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Cancer and Immunotherapy Vaccines - Exploring innovative approaches to combat cancer through immunological interventions.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">HIV Vaccines - Focused efforts to develop vaccines against the Human Immunodeficiency Virus.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Veterinary Vaccines - Safeguarding animal health through immunization.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Vaccine Adjuvants - Enhancing vaccine effectiveness through the use of adjuvants.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Pediatric Vaccines - Tailored vaccines to protect children from a range of diseases.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Plant-Based Vaccines - Harnessing plant systems for vaccine production.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">This comprehensive approach to vaccine research underscores its significance in promoting public health and advancing preventive measures against a spectrum of diseases.</span></span></span></p> </p> <ul> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading" role="tab" id="heading6"> <h4 class="panel-title"> <a role="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#accordion" href="#collapse6" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseOne"> Pediatric Infectious Diseases </a> </h4> </div> <div id="collapse6" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="heading6"> <div class="panel-body"> <p><b>Pediatric Infectious Diseases</b></br><p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Pediatric infectious diseases encompass communicable illnesses that specifically impact children. In instances where a child experiences prolonged illness due to an infectious agent, an infectious diseases specialist possesses the expertise and training to accurately diagnose and treat the child throughout infancy to adolescence. Recognizing the developmental changes occurring from birth through adolescence allows for a more judicious, secure, and effective utilization of drugs in the pediatric population. Specialists in pediatric infectious diseases manage infectious and immunologic disorders arising from bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. In cases of more intricate infections, consultation with other experts in pediatric infectious diseases may be sought.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">The spectrum of conditions addressed by specialists in pediatric infectious diseases includes:</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"> </p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Transplant Infections</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Severe and Complicated Infections</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Tetanus and Polio</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Streptococcal Pharyngitis</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Scarlet Fever</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Campylobacteriosis</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Osteomyelitis</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Chickenpox and Shigellosis</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Recurrent and Resistant Infections</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Bone and Joint Infections</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Heart Infections</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">GI and Urinary Tract Infections</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Fevers of Unknown Origins</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">This specialized medical field ensures a comprehensive approach to the diagnosis and management of infectious diseases in children, promoting optimal health outcomes for the pediatric population.</span></span></span></p> </p> <ul> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading" role="tab" id="heading7"> <h4 class="panel-title"> <a role="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#accordion" href="#collapse7" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseOne"> Nosocomial Infections & Control </a> </h4> </div> <div id="collapse7" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="heading7"> <div class="panel-body"> <p><b>Nosocomial Infections & Control</b></br><p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Nosocomial infections, also referred to as health-care-associated or hospital-acquired infections, constitute a subset of infectious disorders acquired within a health-care facility. These infections do not manifest at the time of admission; rather, they must emerge at least 48 hours after admission to be classified as nosocomial. Serious complications, including sepsis and mortality, can result from these infections. The intensive care unit (ICU), where critical disorders are managed, is a frequent hotspot for the occurrence of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). Approximately one in ten hospitalized individuals experiences a HAI, which is associated with elevated rates of morbidity, mortality, and hospitalization. Employing infection control strategies, monitoring antimicrobial use and resistance, and implementing antibiotic control policies are crucial measures to prevent nosocomial infections. An effective surveillance system, both at the national and international levels, plays a vital role in this effort. Collaborative efforts from all stakeholders are essential to effectively prevent and control nosocomial infections.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Categories of nosocomial infections include:</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Hospital Infection</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Device-Related Infections</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Surgical Site Infections</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Opportunistic Infections</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Epidemiology</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Disease Control and Prevention</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Addressing these categories collectively is integral to a comprehensive approach in mitigating the impact of nosocomial infections in health-care settings.</span></span></span></p> </p> <ul> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading" role="tab" id="heading8"> <h4 class="panel-title"> <a role="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#accordion" href="#collapse8" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseOne"> Viral Infectious Diseases </a> </h4> </div> <div id="collapse8" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="heading8"> <div class="panel-body"> <p><b>Viral Infectious Diseases</b></br><p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Viruses, minute microorganisms, consist of genetic material enclosed in a protein coat. These infectious agents contribute to prevalent ailments such as the common cold, influenza, and warts. Additionally, they are the causative agents for severe diseases like HIV/AIDS, Ebola, and COVID-19. Operating akin to hijackers, viruses invade healthy cells, utilizing them to replicate and generate more viral particles. This process can induce illness by harming, destroying, or altering host cells. Viruses target specific cells within the body, including those in the liver, respiratory system, and blood. Viral infections stand among the most prevalent illnesses in humans. Children are anticipated to experience two to seven respiratory infections annually, while adults typically encounter one to three such incidents each year.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">The diverse aspects of viral infections include:</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Airborne Disease</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Biological Contamination</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Blood-borne Disease</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Clinical Bacteriology</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Clinical Mycology</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Clinical Virology</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Coinfection</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Emerging and Re-emerging Viral Infections</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Understanding and addressing these facets collectively contribute to a comprehensive approach in managing the impact of viral infections on human health.</span></span></span></p> </p> <ul> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading" role="tab" id="heading9"> <h4 class="panel-title"> <a role="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#accordion" href="#collapse9" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseOne"> Fungal Infectious Diseases </a> </h4> </div> <div id="collapse9" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="heading9"> <div class="panel-body"> <p><b>Fungal Infectious Diseases</b></br><p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Fungi thrive in diverse settings, such as the air, soil, water, and plants, and can even naturally inhabit the human body. Like microorganisms, fungi exhibit both beneficial and harmful characteristics. When pathogenic fungi invade the body, eradication becomes challenging due to their ability to persist in the environment and re-infect individuals in recovery. Fungal infections are widespread in nature, affecting various organisms.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Human fungal infections occur when an invasive fungus conquers a specific body area, overpowering the immune system. These infections can manifest in any part of the body, affecting individuals across the board.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Topics related to fungal interactions encompass:</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Antifungal Agents</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Antifungal Resistance</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Impact of Fungal Infections on Human Health</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Diagnosis and Management of Fungal Infections</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Fungal Infections in Plants and Animals</span></span></span></p> </p> <ul> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading" role="tab" id="heading10"> <h4 class="panel-title"> <a role="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#accordion" href="#collapse10" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseOne"> Pharmacology of Infectious Diseases </a> </h4> </div> <div id="collapse10" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="heading10"> <div class="panel-body"> <p><b>Pharmacology of Infectious Diseases</b></br><p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">A drug can be characterized as any molecule, whether artificial, natural, or originating within the body (endogenous), that induces a biochemical or physiological response in cells, tissues, organs, or organisms. Pharmacology, a discipline spanning medicine, biology, and pharmaceutical sciences, delves into the actions of drugs or medications. Occasionally, the term "pharmakon" is employed to encompass both endogenous and exogenous bioactive species. This field explores the intricate interactions between chemicals and living organisms, influencing normal or pathological biochemical functions. Compounds with therapeutic effects are classified as pharmaceuticals. Pharmacology branches into pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics, each focusing on distinct aspects. Pharmacodynamics investigates how a drug influences biological systems, specifically the interactions with biological receptors. In contrast, pharmacokinetics explores the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of chemicals within biological systems. It is essential to note that the terms "pharmacology" and "pharmacy" are not interchangeable, despite frequent misuse.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Mechanisms of Drug Action</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Novel Cellular Drug Targets</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Pathways for Drug Entry</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span 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