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subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History_and_slave_trade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dutch_West_India_Company_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dutch_West_India_Company_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Dutch West India Company rule</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dutch_West_India_Company_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-French_colonial_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#French_colonial_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>French colonial rule</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-French_colonial_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-independence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-independence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Post-independence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-independence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Administration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Archaeology_of_Gorée_Island" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archaeology_of_Gorée_Island"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Archaeology of Gorée Island</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Archaeology_of_Gorée_Island-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Archaeology of Gorée Island subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Archaeology_of_Gorée_Island-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gorée_Archaeological_Project" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gorée_Archaeological_Project"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Gorée Archaeological Project</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gorée_Archaeological_Project-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pre-European_settlement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-European_settlement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Pre-European settlement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-European_settlement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_settlement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_settlement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>European settlement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_settlement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Maison_des_Esclaves" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maison_des_Esclaves"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.1</span> <span><span><i>Maison des Esclaves</i></span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maison_des_Esclaves-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bambara_Quartier" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bambara_Quartier"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.2</span> <span>Bambara Quartier</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bambara_Quartier-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Disputing_Gorée_as_a_major_trading_post_for_slaves" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disputing_Gorée_as_a_major_trading_post_for_slaves"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Disputing Gorée as a <i>major</i> trading post for slaves</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disputing_Gorée_as_a_major_trading_post_for_slaves-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_residents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_residents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notable residents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_residents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gorée</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 52 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-52" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">52 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gor%C3%A9e" title="Gorée – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Gorée" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%87" title="جزيرة غوريه – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جزيرة غوريه" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islla_de_Gorea" title="Islla de Gorea – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Islla de Gorea" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qore_adas%C4%B1" title="Qore adası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qore adası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8D" title="Гарэ – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гарэ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5_(%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2)" title="Горе (остров) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Горе (остров)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gor%C3%A9e" title="Gorée – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gorée" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ele_de_Gor%C3%A9e" title="Île de Gorée – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Île de Gorée" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gor%C3%A9e" title="Gorée – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gorée" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gor%C3%A9e" title="Gorée – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gorée" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gor%C3%A9e" title="Gorée – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gorée" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%BB_%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B5_%CE%93%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AD" title="Ιλ ντε Γκορέ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιλ ντε Γκορέ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isla_de_Gorea" title="Isla de Gorea – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Isla de Gorea" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gor%C3%A9e" title="Gorée – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gorée" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87" title="گوره – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گوره" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ele_de_Gor%C3%A9e" title="Île de Gorée – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Île de Gorée" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goree" title="Goree – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Goree" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illa_de_Gor%C3%A9e" title="Illa de Gorée – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Illa de Gorée" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EB%A0%88%EC%84%AC" title="고레섬 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="고레섬" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gor%C3%A9e" title="Gorée – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Gorée" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A5_(%D5%AF%D5%B2%D5%A6%D5%AB)" title="Գորե (կղզի) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գորե (կղզի)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AA" title="गोरी द्वीप – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गोरी द्वीप" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gor%C3%A9e" title="Gorée – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gorée" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goree" title="Goree – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Goree" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gor%C3%A9e" title="Gorée – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gorée" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%94" title="גורה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גורה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94" title="გორე – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გორე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gor%C3%A9e" title="Gorée – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Gorée" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gor%C4%97_sala" title="Gorė sala – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gorė sala" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gor%C3%A9e-sziget" title="Gorée-sziget – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gorée-sziget" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81" title="गोरी टापु – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="गोरी टापु" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80" title="ഗോരീ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗോരീ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C5%BCira_ta%27_Gor%C3%A9e" title="Gżira ta' Gorée – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Gżira ta' Gorée" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="ဂိုရီးခရိုင် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂိုရီးခရိုင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gor%C3%A9e" title="Gorée – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gorée" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81" title="गोरीको टापु – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="गोरीको टापु" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B4%E3%83%AC%E5%B3%B6" title="ゴレ島 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ゴレ島" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gor%C3%A9e" title="Gorée – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Gorée" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gor%C3%A9e" title="Gorée – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gorée" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gor%C3%A9e" title="Gorée – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Gorée" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gor%C3%A9e" title="Gorée – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gorée" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goreia" title="Goreia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Goreia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5_(%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2)" title="Горе (остров) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Горе (остров)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gor%C3%A9e" title="Gorée – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Gorée" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gor%C3%A9e" title="Gorée – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gorée" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gor%C3%A9e" title="Gorée – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Gorée" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gor%C3%A9e" title="Gorée – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gorée" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gor%C3%A9e" title="Gorée – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gorée" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%90%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5_(%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B2)" title="Ґоре (острів) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ґоре (острів)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gor%C3%A9e" title="Gorée – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Gorée" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beer" title="Beer – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Beer" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%88%88%E9%9B%B7%E5%B2%9B" title="戈雷岛 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="戈雷岛" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Gor%C3%A9e&params=14_40_01_N_17_23_54_W_region:SN_type:city_scale:25000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">14°40′01″N</span> <span class="longitude">17°23′54″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">14.66694°N 17.39833°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">14.66694; -17.39833</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Island and district of Dakar, Senegal</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Goree_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Goree (disambiguation)">Goree (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Place in Dakar Region, Senegal</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Gorée</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name">Sor<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Commune d'arrondissement</span></span></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ile-de-goree.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="View of the island"><img alt="View of the island" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Ile-de-goree.jpg/275px-Ile-de-goree.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Ile-de-goree.jpg/413px-Ile-de-goree.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Ile-de-goree.jpg/550px-Ile-de-goree.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4117" data-file-height="3091" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">View of the island</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dakar_Gor%C3%A9e.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gorée location"><img alt="Gorée location" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Dakar_Gor%C3%A9e.svg/275px-Dakar_Gor%C3%A9e.svg.png" decoding="async" width="275" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Dakar_Gor%C3%A9e.svg/413px-Dakar_Gor%C3%A9e.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Dakar_Gor%C3%A9e.svg/550px-Dakar_Gor%C3%A9e.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="260" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Gorée location</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Senegal" title="Regions of Senegal">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dakar_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Dakar Region">Dakar Region</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_Senegal" title="Departments of Senegal">Department</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dakar_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="Dakar Department">Dakar Department</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">0.28 km<sup>2</sup> (0.11 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2018)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,800</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">6,400/km<sup>2</sup> (17,000/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B0" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+0">UTC+0</a> (<a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Mean_Time" title="Greenwich Mean Time">GMT</a>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151960987">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><div style="border:4px solid #0177D3; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data">Island of Gorée</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site#Selection_criteria" title="World Heritage Site">Criteria</a></th><td class="infobox-data category">Cultural: (vi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Reference</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/26">26</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Inscription</th><td class="infobox-data">1978 (2nd <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Committee" title="World Heritage Committee">Session</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Gor%C3%A9e&params=14_40_01_N_17_23_54_W_region:SN_type:city_scale:25000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">14°40′01″N</span> <span class="longitude">17°23′54″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">14.66694°N 17.39833°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">14.66694; -17.39833</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Senegal_location_map_Topographic.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Gorée is located in Senegal"><img alt="Gorée is located in Senegal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Senegal_location_map_Topographic.png/250px-Senegal_location_map_Topographic.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Senegal_location_map_Topographic.png/375px-Senegal_location_map_Topographic.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Senegal_location_map_Topographic.png/500px-Senegal_location_map_Topographic.png 2x" data-file-width="1217" data-file-height="916" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:45.573%;left:5.995%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Gorée"><img alt="Gorée" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"><div style="line-height:1.2em;">Location of Gorée in Senegal</div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b><span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Île de Gorée</span></span></b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[ildəɡoʁe]</a></span>; "Gorée Island"; <a href="/wiki/Wolof_language" title="Wolof language">Wolof</a>: <i lang="wo">Beer Dun</i>)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> is one of the 19 <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">communes d'arrondissement</i></span> (i.e. districts) of the city of <a href="/wiki/Dakar" title="Dakar">Dakar</a>, Senegal. It is an 18.2-hectare (45-acre) island located two kilometres (1.1 nmi; 1.2 mi) at sea from the main harbour of Dakar (<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Gor%C3%A9e&params=14_40_N_17_24_W_scale:40000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">14°40′N</span> <span class="longitude">17°24′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">14.667°N 17.400°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">14.667; -17.400</span></span></span></a></span></span>), famous as a destination for people interested in the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">Atlantic slave trade</a>. </p><p>Its population as of the 2013 census was 1,680 inhabitants, giving a density of 5,802 inhabitants per square kilometre (15,030/sq mi), which is only half the average density of the city of Dakar. Gorée is both the smallest and the least populated of the 19 <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">communes d'arrondissement</i></span> of Dakar. </p><p>Other important centres for the slave trade from Senegal were further north, at <a href="/wiki/Saint-Louis,_Senegal" title="Saint-Louis, Senegal">Saint-Louis, Senegal</a>, or to the south in the <a href="/wiki/Gambia" class="mw-redirect" title="Gambia">Gambia</a>, at the mouths of major rivers for trade.<sup id="cite_ref-h-net.org_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h-net.org-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Les_Guides_Bleus_p._123_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Les_Guides_Bleus_p._123-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> and was one of the first 12 locations in the world to be designated as such in 1978.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The name is a corruption of its original <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a> name Goeree, named after the Dutch island of <a href="/wiki/Goeree-Overflakkee" title="Goeree-Overflakkee">Goeree</a>. The island was also known as Palma, or <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Bezeguiche</i></span> in Portuguese. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_and_slave_trade">History and slave trade</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gor%C3%A9e&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History and slave trade"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatleft" style="width:22em; ; font-size: 90%; color: #202122;background-color: #B0C4DE;"> <div class="quotebox-title" style="color: #202122;background-color: #B0C4DE;">Historical affiliations<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Portugal_%281495%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281495%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Portugal_%281495%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281495%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Portugal_%281495%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281495%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2000" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> 1444–1588<br /><span data-sort-value="Dutch Republic"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/23px-Statenvlag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/35px-Statenvlag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/45px-Statenvlag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch Republic</a></span> 1588<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Portugal_%281578%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281578%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Portugal_%281578%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281578%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Portugal_%281578%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281578%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> 1588–1621<br /><span data-sort-value="West India Company"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_the_Dutch_West_India_Company.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Dutch_West_India_Company.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_the_Dutch_West_India_Company.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Dutch_West_India_Company.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_the_Dutch_West_India_Company.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Dutch_West_India_Company.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Dutch_West_India_Company" title="Dutch West India Company">West India Company</a></span> 1621–1663<br /><span data-sort-value="England"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a></span> 1663–1664<br /><span data-sort-value="West India Company"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_the_Dutch_West_India_Company.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Dutch_West_India_Company.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_the_Dutch_West_India_Company.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Dutch_West_India_Company.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_the_Dutch_West_India_Company.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Dutch_West_India_Company.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Dutch_West_India_Company" title="Dutch West India Company">West India Company</a></span> 1664–1677<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/23px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/35px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/45px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> 1677–1758<br /><span data-sort-value="Great Britain"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Great Britain</a></span> 1758–1763<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/23px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/35px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/45px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> 1763–1779<br /><span data-sort-value="Great Britain"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Great Britain</a></span> 1779–1783<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> 1783–1801<br /><span data-sort-value="Great Britain"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Great Britain</a></span> 1801–1804<br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> 1804<br /><span data-sort-value="Great Britain"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Great Britain</a></span> 1804–1815<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> 1815–1960<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a> 1960–present </p> </blockquote> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Le_fort_d%27Orange_et_de_Nassau_%C3%A0_l%27%C3%AEle_de_Gor%C3%A9e_mg_8503.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Le_fort_d%27Orange_et_de_Nassau_%C3%A0_l%27%C3%AEle_de_Gor%C3%A9e_mg_8503.jpg/280px-Le_fort_d%27Orange_et_de_Nassau_%C3%A0_l%27%C3%AEle_de_Gor%C3%A9e_mg_8503.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Le_fort_d%27Orange_et_de_Nassau_%C3%A0_l%27%C3%AEle_de_Gor%C3%A9e_mg_8503.jpg/420px-Le_fort_d%27Orange_et_de_Nassau_%C3%A0_l%27%C3%AEle_de_Gor%C3%A9e_mg_8503.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Le_fort_d%27Orange_et_de_Nassau_%C3%A0_l%27%C3%AEle_de_Gor%C3%A9e_mg_8503.jpg/560px-Le_fort_d%27Orange_et_de_Nassau_%C3%A0_l%27%C3%AEle_de_Gor%C3%A9e_mg_8503.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3165" data-file-height="2406" /></a><figcaption>The Dutch established the forts of Nassau (1628) and Orange (1639). Coloured engraving, Holland, 17th century</figcaption></figure> <p>Gorée is a small island 900 metres (3,000 ft) in length and 350 metres (1,150 ft) in width sheltered by the <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Cap-Vert" title="Cap-Vert">Cap-Vert</a></span></span> Peninsula. Now part of the city of Dakar, it was a minor port and site of European settlement along the coast. </p><p>Being almost devoid of drinking water, the island was not settled before the arrival of Europeans, although the presence of domesticated sheep noted by Portuguese explorers indicates the island was frequented by local peoples of the nearby mainland.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThilmans200611_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThilmans200611-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The island of Gorée was one of the first places in <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> to be frequented by <a href="/wiki/European_ethnic_groups" class="mw-redirect" title="European ethnic groups">European</a> traders, as the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Portuguese</a> traders established themselves on the island in 1444. According to <a href="/wiki/Valentim_Fernandes" title="Valentim Fernandes">Valentim Fernandes</a>, the Portuguese established a <a href="/wiki/Chapel" title="Chapel">chapel</a> with <a href="/wiki/Dry_stone" title="Dry stone">dry stone</a> walls and a roof made out of straw on the island. This chapel was visited by <a href="/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama">Vasco da Gama</a> in 1502 and probably also by <a href="/wiki/Amerigo_Vespucci" title="Amerigo Vespucci">Amerigo Vespucci</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trist%C3%A3o_da_Cunha" title="Tristão da Cunha">Tristão da Cunha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Afonso_de_Albuquerque" title="Afonso de Albuquerque">Afonso de Albuquerque</a> in 1501 and 1506, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThilmans200612_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThilmans200612-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dutch_West_India_Company_rule">Dutch West India Company rule</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gor%C3%A9e&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Dutch West India Company rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Senegambia_(Dutch_West_India_Company)" title="Senegambia (Dutch West India Company)">Senegambia (Dutch West India Company)</a></div> <p>Due to the destruction of much of the archive of the First <a href="/wiki/Dutch_West_India_Company" title="Dutch West India Company">Dutch West India Company</a>, it is unknown when and how the Dutch replaced the Portuguese on the island.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThilmans200612_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThilmans200612-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Olfert_Dapper" title="Olfert Dapper">Olfert Dapper</a>, the island was gifted to the Dutch West India Company by the local chief Biram in 1617. This statement is problematic, not the least because the Dutch West India Company was only established in 1621.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThilmans200614_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThilmans200614-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first contemporary Dutch account of a landing at Gorée is by <a href="/wiki/Johannes_de_Laet" class="mw-redirect" title="Johannes de Laet">Johannes de Laet</a>, who reported that a fleet of Dirck Symonsz van Uytgeest destined for Brazil anchored at Gorée on 20 July 1628. De Laet mentions that the Dutch West India Company had built a fort on the island and had named the island <i>Goeree</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Laet193251_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Laet193251-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This could either be after the Dutch island of <span title="Dutch-language text"><span lang="nl" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Goeree-Overflakkee" title="Goeree-Overflakkee">Goeree</a></span></span> or, as is the case for the Dutch island itself, be an allusion to the quality of the anchorage at the island, as <i>goede reede</i> means "good <a href="/wiki/Roadstead" title="Roadstead">roadstead</a>" in Dutch. </p><p>Possession of Goree was the key to accessing the trade of the entire coast south of the Cap Vert, including the important trading posts at <a href="/wiki/Rufisque" title="Rufisque">Rufisque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saly-Portudal" class="mw-redirect" title="Saly-Portudal">Saly-Portudal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joal" class="mw-redirect" title="Joal">Joal</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cacheu" title="Cacheu">Cacheu</a>, in addition to the commerce of the <a href="/wiki/Gambia_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Gambia river">Gambia river</a>, as it served as a warehousing and transshipment point. In addition, it was a convenient stopover on the shortest route from Europe to the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJacobs2012205-6_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJacobs2012205-6-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many slaves were shipped through Goree to the Dutch colony of <a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a> in the 1660s and 70s.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJacobs2012205_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJacobs2012205-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The island was attacked by the Portuguese in early 1629, but they were not able to hold it.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With this loss, their access to the lucrative coastal trade was cut off, and the importance and wealth of <a href="/wiki/Santiago,_Cape_Verde" title="Santiago, Cape Verde">Santiago, Cape Verde</a>, withered.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJacobs2012206_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJacobs2012206-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The British also attempted to control this trade, capturing the island with a fleet under <a href="/wiki/Robert_Holmes_(admiral)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Holmes (admiral)">Robert Holmes</a> in 1663, but it was soon recaptured by <a href="/wiki/Michiel_de_Ruyter" title="Michiel de Ruyter">Michiel de Ruyter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Repeated wars weakened the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_West_India_Company" title="Dutch West India Company">Dutch West India Company</a>, however, and the <a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Dutch_War" title="Third Anglo-Dutch War">Third Anglo-Dutch War</a> precipitated the bankruptcy of the company in 1674. In 1677 a French fleet led by <a href="/wiki/Jean_d%27Estr%C3%A9es" title="Jean d'Estrées">Jean d'Estrées</a> defeated the Dutch and captured Goree and their coastal trading posts.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJacobs2012213_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJacobs2012213-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="French_colonial_rule">French colonial rule</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gor%C3%A9e&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: French colonial rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">French</a> invasion in 1677, during the <a href="/wiki/Franco-Dutch_War" title="Franco-Dutch War">Franco-Dutch War</a>, the island remained chiefly French until 1960. There were brief periods of British occupation during the various wars fought by France and Britain. The island was notably taken and occupied by the British between 1758 and 1763 following the <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Gor%C3%A9e" title="Capture of Gorée">Capture of Gorée</a> and wider <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Senegal" class="mw-redirect" title="Capture of Senegal">Capture of Senegal</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a> before being returned to France at the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1763)" title="Treaty of Paris (1763)">Treaty of Paris (1763)</a>. For a brief time between 1779 and 1783, Gorée was again under British control, until ceded again to France in 1783 at the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783)" title="Treaty of Paris (1783)">Treaty of Paris (1783)</a>. During that time, the infamous <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Wall_(colonial_administrator)" title="Joseph Wall (colonial administrator)">Joseph Wall</a> served as Lieutenant-Governor there, who had some of his men unlawfully flogged to death in 1782; for these crimes, Wall was later executed in England.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gorée was principally a trading post, administratively attached to <a href="/wiki/Saint-Louis,_Senegal" title="Saint-Louis, Senegal">Saint-Louis</a>, capital of the <a href="/wiki/French_Senegal" class="mw-redirect" title="French Senegal">Colony of Senegal</a>. Apart from slaves, beeswax, hides and grain were also traded. The population of the island fluctuated according to circumstances, from a few hundred free Africans and Creoles to about 1,500. There would have been few European residents at any one time.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>After the decline of the slave trade from Senegal in the 1770s and 1780s, the town became an important port for the shipment of <a href="/wiki/Peanut" title="Peanut">peanuts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peanut_oil" title="Peanut oil">peanut oil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gum_arabic" title="Gum arabic">gum arabic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ivory_trade" title="Ivory trade">ivory</a>, and other products of the "legitimate" trade. It was probably in relation to this trade that the so-called <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Maison des Esclaves</i></span> was built.<sup id="cite_ref-h-net.org_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h-net.org-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Attack_on_Goree_29_decembre_1758.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Attack_on_Goree_29_decembre_1758.jpg/280px-Attack_on_Goree_29_decembre_1758.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Attack_on_Goree_29_decembre_1758.jpg/420px-Attack_on_Goree_29_decembre_1758.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Attack_on_Goree_29_decembre_1758.jpg/560px-Attack_on_Goree_29_decembre_1758.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1399" /></a><figcaption>British <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Gor%C3%A9e" title="Capture of Gorée">capture of Gorée</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a>, 29 December 1758</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 18th and 19th century, Gorée was home to a Franco-African Creole, or <i><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tis" title="Métis">Métis</a></i>, community of merchants with links to similar communities in Saint-Louis and the Gambia, and across the Atlantic to France's colonies in the Americas. Métis women, called <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Signare" title="Signare">signares</a></i></span> from the Portuguese <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">senhora</i></span> descendants of African women and European traders, were especially important to the city's business life. The <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">signares</i></span> owned ships and property and commanded male clerks. They were also famous for cultivating fashion and entertainment. One such <a href="/wiki/Signare" title="Signare">signare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anne_Rossignol" title="Anne Rossignol">Anne Rossignol</a>, lived in <a href="/wiki/Saint-Domingue" title="Saint-Domingue">Saint-Domingue</a> (the modern <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a>) in the 1780s before the <a href="/wiki/Haitian_Revolution" title="Haitian Revolution">Haitian Revolution</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:L%27Isle_de_Gore_Schley_1772.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/L%27Isle_de_Gore_Schley_1772.jpg/280px-L%27Isle_de_Gore_Schley_1772.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/L%27Isle_de_Gore_Schley_1772.jpg/420px-L%27Isle_de_Gore_Schley_1772.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/L%27Isle_de_Gore_Schley_1772.jpg/560px-L%27Isle_de_Gore_Schley_1772.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="969" /></a><figcaption>Schley, Jacobus van der, 1715–1779. Island of Gorée and its fortifications</figcaption></figure> <p>In February 1794 during the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>, France abolished slavery, and the slave trade from Senegal was said to have stopped. A French engraving of about 1797 (pictured) shows it still going on, but this may be an anachronism. In April 1801, Gorée was captured by the British again.<sup id="cite_ref-RNB_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RNB-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 1804 a small French squadron from Curaçao <a href="/wiki/French_capture_of_Gor%C3%A9e_(1804)" title="French capture of Gorée (1804)">captured Gorée</a>, but the British recaptured it in March. </p><p>In March 1815, during his political comeback known as the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Days" title="Hundred Days">Hundred Days</a>, Napoleon definitively abolished the slave trade to build relations with Great Britain.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This time, abolition continued. </p><p>As the trade in slaves declined in the late eighteenth century, Gorée converted to legitimate commerce. The tiny city and port were ill-situated for the shipment of industrial quantities of peanuts, which began arriving in bulk from the mainland. Consequently, its merchants established a presence directly on the mainland, first in <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Rufisque" title="Rufisque">Rufisque</a></span></span> (1840) and then in Dakar (1857). Many of the established families started to leave the island. </p><p>Civic franchise for the citizens of Gorée was institutionalized in 1872, when it became a French <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">commune</i></span> with an elected mayor and a municipal council. <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Blaise_Diagne" title="Blaise Diagne">Blaise Diagne</a></span></span>, the first African deputy elected to the <a href="/wiki/French_National_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="French National Assembly">French National Assembly</a> (served 1914 to 1934), was born on Gorée. From a peak of about 4,500 in 1845, the population fell to 1,500 in 1904. In 1940 Gorée was annexed to the municipality of Dakar. </p><p>From 1913 to 1938, Gorée was home to the <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_normale_sup%C3%A9rieure_William_Ponty" title="École normale supérieure William Ponty">École normale supérieure William Ponty</a></span></span>, a government teachers' college run by the French Colonial Government. Many of the school's graduates would one day lead the struggle for independence from France. In 1925 <a href="/wiki/African-Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="African-Americans">African-American</a> historian, sociologist, and <a href="/wiki/Pan-Africanism" title="Pan-Africanism">Pan-Africanist</a> <a href="/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois" title="W. E. B. Du Bois">W. E. B. Du Bois</a> wrote of the school "On the picturesque island of Goree whose ancient ramparts face modern and commercial Dakar I saw two or three hundred fine black boys of high school rank gathered in from all Senegal by competitive tests and taught thoroughly by excellent French teachers in accordance with a curriculum which, as far as it went, was equal to that of any European school," while faulting Colonial France for how limited its public education infrastructure was in the country overall and expressing pessimism about further investment.<sup id="cite_ref-ForeignAffairsDuBois_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ForeignAffairsDuBois-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TheNewNegroDuBois_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheNewNegroDuBois-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-independence">Post-independence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gor%C3%A9e&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Post-independence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gorée is connected to the mainland by regular 30-minute ferry service, for pedestrians only; there are no cars on the island. Senegal's premier tourist site, the island was listed as a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> in 1978. It now serves mostly as a <a href="/wiki/Memorial" title="Memorial">memorial</a> to the slave trade. Many of the historic commercial and residential buildings have been turned into restaurants and hotels to support the tourist traffic. </p><p>Gorée is known as the location of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Slaves" title="House of Slaves">House of Slaves</a> (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Maison des esclaves</i>), built by an Afro-French <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tis" title="Métis">Métis</a> family about 1780–1784. The House of Slaves is one of the oldest houses on the island. It is now used as a <a href="/wiki/Tourist" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourist">tourist</a> destination to show the horrors of the slave trade throughout the Atlantic world. As discussed by historian <a href="/wiki/Ana_Lucia_Araujo" title="Ana Lucia Araujo">Ana Lucia Araujo</a>, the building started gaining reputation as a slave depot mainly because of the work of its curator <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Ndiaye" class="extiw" title="fr:Joseph Ndiaye">Boubacar Joseph Ndiaye</a></span></span>, who was able to move the audiences who visited the house with his performance.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many public personalities visit the House of Slaves, which plays the role of a site of memory of slavery. In June 2013, President of the United States <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> visited the building. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Dakar-Gor%C3%A9e_Swim" title="Dakar-Gorée Swim">Dakar-Gorée Swim</a> was launched in 1985 as a homage to the victims of <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Africa" title="Slavery in Africa">slavery</a> who displayed resilience by attempting to swim towards freedom. It has been a recurring event throughout its history, except in 2020 and 2021 when it was cancelled due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administration">Administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gor%C3%A9e&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Goree.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Map_of_Goree.svg/280px-Map_of_Goree.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="407" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Map_of_Goree.svg/420px-Map_of_Goree.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Map_of_Goree.svg/560px-Map_of_Goree.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="582" /></a><figcaption>Map of Gorée</figcaption></figure> <p>With the foundation of Dakar in 1857, Gorée gradually lost its importance. In 1872, the French colonial authorities created the two communes of <a href="/wiki/Saint-Louis,_Senegal" title="Saint-Louis, Senegal">Saint-Louis</a> and Gorée, the first western-style municipalities in West Africa, with the same status as any <a href="/wiki/Commune_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Commune in France">commune in France</a>. Dakar, on the mainland, was part of the commune of Gorée, whose administration was located on the island. However, as early as 1887, Dakar was detached from the commune of Gorée and was turned into a commune in its own right. Thus, the commune of Gorée became limited to its tiny island. </p><p>In 1891, Gorée still had 2,100 inhabitants, while Dakar only had 8,737 inhabitants. However, by 1926 the population of Gorée had declined to only 700 inhabitants, while the population of Dakar had increased to 33,679 inhabitants. Thus, in 1929 the commune of Gorée was merged with Dakar. The commune of Gorée disappeared, and Gorée was now only a small island of the commune of Dakar. </p><p>In 1996, a massive reform of the <a href="/wiki/Senegal#Administrative_divisions" title="Senegal">administrative and political divisions</a> of Senegal was voted by the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Senegal" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Senegal">Parliament of Senegal</a>. The commune of Dakar, deemed too large and too populated to be properly managed by a central municipality, was divided into 19 <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">communes d'arrondissement</i></span> to which extensive powers were given. The commune of Dakar was maintained above these 19 <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">communes d'arrondissement</i></span>. It coordinates the activities of the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">communes d'arrondissement</i></span>, much as <a href="/wiki/Greater_London" title="Greater London">Greater London</a> coordinates the activities of the <a href="/wiki/London_borough" class="mw-redirect" title="London borough">London boroughs</a>. </p><p>Thus, in 1996 the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">commune</i></span> of Gorée was resurrected, although it is now only a <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">commune d'arrondissement</i></span> (but in fact with powers quite similar to a <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">commune</i></span>). The new <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">commune d'arrondissement</i></span> of Gorée (officially, the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Commune d'Arrondissement de l'île de Gorée</i></span>) took possession of the old <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">mairie</i></span> (town hall) in the center of the island. This had been used as the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">mairie</i></span> of the former commune of Gorée between 1872 and 1929. </p><p>The <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">commune d'arrondissement</i></span> of Gorée is ruled by a municipal council (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">conseil municipal</i></span>) democratically elected every 5 years, and by a mayor elected by members of the municipal council. </p><p>The current mayor of Gorée is <a href="/wiki/Augustin_Senghor" title="Augustin Senghor">Augustin Senghor</a>, elected in 2002. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Archaeology_of_Gorée_Island"><span id="Archaeology_of_Gor.C3.A9e_Island"></span>Archaeology of Gorée Island</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gor%C3%A9e&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Archaeology of Gorée Island"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The island is a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>, since September 1978.<sup id="cite_ref-Cheikh_Anta_Diop,94-1_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cheikh_Anta_Diop,94-1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the main buildings in Gorée were constructed during the second half of the eighteenth century. The main buildings are the Slave house, 1786; William Ponty School, 1770; <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Musée de la mer</i></span> (Maritime museum), 1835; <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Fort d'Estrées</i></span>, originally called the northern battery, which now contains the <a href="/wiki/Historical_Museum_of_Senegal_in_Gor%C3%A9e" title="Historical Museum of Senegal in Gorée">Historical Museum of Senegal</a>, built between 1852 and 1865; <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">palais du Government</i></span> (Government Palace), 1864, occupied by the first <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_French_West_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor-General of French West Africa">governor-general of Senegal</a> from 1902 to 1907.<sup id="cite_ref-Cheikh_Anta_Diop,94-2_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cheikh_Anta_Diop,94-2-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Gorée Castle and the seventeenth-century Gorée Police Station, formerly a dispensary, believed to be the site of the first chapel built by the Portuguese in the fifteenth century, and the beach are also of interest to tourists. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fran%C3%A7ois_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans_-_Tam-tam_%C3%A0_Gor%C3%A9e_(1837.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Fran%C3%A7ois_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans_-_Tam-tam_%C3%A0_Gor%C3%A9e_%281837.jpg/280px-Fran%C3%A7ois_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans_-_Tam-tam_%C3%A0_Gor%C3%A9e_%281837.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Fran%C3%A7ois_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans_-_Tam-tam_%C3%A0_Gor%C3%A9e_%281837.jpg/420px-Fran%C3%A7ois_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans_-_Tam-tam_%C3%A0_Gor%C3%A9e_%281837.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Fran%C3%A7ois_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans_-_Tam-tam_%C3%A0_Gor%C3%A9e_%281837.jpg/560px-Fran%C3%A7ois_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans_-_Tam-tam_%C3%A0_Gor%C3%A9e_%281837.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /></a><figcaption><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">François d'Orléans – Tam-tam à Gorée</i></span> (1837)</figcaption></figure> <p>This historical site is a rare example of a European colony where we see free and enslaved Africans (making up half of Gorée's population), Europeans and Afro-Europeans living alongside each other, even as the island was a prominent center in the Atlantic slave trade. Archaeology on Gorée Island leads to many contradictory and contrasting conclusions. On one end of the spectrum, enslaved peoples on Gorée were treated poorly, like animals, on the other there is evidence for enslaved peoples being welcomed as part of families. The <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">signares</i></span> (free African or Afro-European women) were recorded preferring to eat on the floor with a spoon and <a href="/wiki/Communal_bowl" class="mw-redirect" title="Communal bowl">communal bowl</a>, as their domestic slaves, but European men kept tradition and used a table.<sup id="cite_ref-Thiaw_(Lane_&_MacDonald,_2011)_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thiaw_(Lane_&_MacDonald,_2011)-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Archaeological research on Gorée has been undertaken by Dr Ibrahima Thiaw (Associate Professor of Archaeology at the <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Institut_Fondamental_d%27Afrique_Noire" title="Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire">Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire</a> (IFAN)</span></span>; and the <a href="/wiki/University_Cheikh_Anta_Diop" class="mw-redirect" title="University Cheikh Anta Diop">University Cheikh Anta Diop</a> of Dakar, Senegal); Dr Susan Keech McIntosh (Professor of Archaeology, <a href="/wiki/Rice_University" title="Rice University">Rice University</a>, Houston, Texas); and Raina Croff (PhD candidate at <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a>, New Haven, Connecticut). Dr Shawn Murray (<a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Madison" title="University of Wisconsin–Madison">University of Wisconsin–Madison</a>) also contributed to archaeological research at Gorée through a study of local and introduced trees and shrubs, which aids in identifying the ancient plant remains found in the excavations.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Excavations at Gorée have also uncovered numerous European imports: bricks, nails, bottles from alcoholic beverages such as wine, beer and other liquor, beads, ceramics and <a href="/wiki/Gunflint" class="mw-redirect" title="Gunflint">gunflints</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Thiaw_(Lane_&_MacDonald,_2011)_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thiaw_(Lane_&_MacDonald,_2011)-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Thiaw_(2003)_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thiaw_(2003)-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gorée_Archaeological_Project"><span id="Gor.C3.A9e_Archaeological_Project"></span>Gorée Archaeological Project</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gor%C3%A9e&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Gorée Archaeological Project"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Gorée Archaeological Project, or GAP, started its undertakings (survey, testing, mapping, and excavations) in 2001. The project, extending over a period of several years, aimed to collect artifacts pertaining to the historical time periods of the pre- and post- European settlement, as well as identify the use of the different quarters on the island using the material culture excavated from those areas. In his preliminary results, Ibrahima Thiaw also discusses the difficulties of excavation on a primarily tourist island.<sup id="cite_ref-Thiaw_(2003)_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thiaw_(2003)-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background">Background</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gor%C3%A9e&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Signare_de_Gor%C3%A9e_avec_ses_esclaves-Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_Compagnie_des_Indes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/La_Signare_de_Gor%C3%A9e_avec_ses_esclaves-Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_Compagnie_des_Indes.jpg/280px-La_Signare_de_Gor%C3%A9e_avec_ses_esclaves-Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_Compagnie_des_Indes.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="373" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/La_Signare_de_Gor%C3%A9e_avec_ses_esclaves-Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_Compagnie_des_Indes.jpg/420px-La_Signare_de_Gor%C3%A9e_avec_ses_esclaves-Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_Compagnie_des_Indes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/La_Signare_de_Gor%C3%A9e_avec_ses_esclaves-Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_Compagnie_des_Indes.jpg/560px-La_Signare_de_Gor%C3%A9e_avec_ses_esclaves-Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_Compagnie_des_Indes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2134" data-file-height="2839" /></a><figcaption><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">La Signare de Gorée avec ses esclaves</i></span> (The signare of Gorée with her slaves), <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Musée de la Compagnie des Indes</span></span></figcaption></figure> <p>Portuguese Major Captain <span title="Portuguese-language text"><span lang="pt" style="font-style: normal;">Lançarote</span></span> and his crew were the first to make Afro-European relations with Gorée Island in 1445. After sighting Gorée approximately three kilometres (1.9 <a href="/wiki/Mile" title="Mile">miles</a>) off the shore from modern day <a href="/wiki/Dakar" title="Dakar">Dakar, Senegal</a>, <span title="Portuguese-language text"><span lang="pt" style="font-style: normal;">Lançarote</span></span> and his officers sent ashore a few officers to leave peace offerings to the natives of the island.<sup id="cite_ref-Thiaw_(Lane_&_MacDonald,_2011)_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thiaw_(Lane_&_MacDonald,_2011)-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They deposited on Gorée soil a cake, a mirror and a piece of paper with a cross drawn on it, all of which were intended to be symbols for peaceful actions. However, the Africans did not respond in the desired way and tore up the paper and smashed the cake and the mirror, thus setting the tone for future relations between the Portuguese and Africans of Gorée Island.<sup id="cite_ref-Thiaw_(2003)_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thiaw_(2003)-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of the early 18th century, Gorée settlements were segregated into quarters: the Bambara quarter (slaves), <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Gourmette" title="Gourmette">gourmettes</a></i></span> (Christianized Africans), and a quarter for the residents of Gorée, including free Africans. By the later half of the 18th century, the segregation was between <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Signare" title="Signare">signares</a></i></span> and their families and the rest of the island as well as the previous instated quarters. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-European_settlement">Pre-European settlement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gor%C3%A9e&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Pre-European settlement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to preliminary results by Ibrahim Thiaw, the levels between the pre and post European contact deposits were characterized by an obvious infestation of <a href="/wiki/Termites" class="mw-redirect" title="Termites">termite nests</a>. One interpretation of this is the possibility that these termite nests were cause of the abandonment of Gorée before Dutch arrival.<sup id="cite_ref-Thiaw_(2003)_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thiaw_(2003)-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Deposits of the pre-European period are dense with pottery decorated with twine and fish vertebrae motifs and could be found in the domestic settlement context, under or at the same levels of floors and fireplaces. The pottery near the settlements suggests that these settlements were semi-permanent or permanent. Fishing tools and equipment were rare although deposits were dense with fish remains. There was also no sign of iron or its usage before the eighteenth century. </p><p>Due to a plethora of features containing ritual pots found in the core of the pre European settlement, Thiaw has concluded that the island may have been primarily used for ritual activity and practices. Nevertheless, abandonment is archaeologically evident by the middle of the fifteenth century, possibly due to a mighty termite invasion. There is no archaeological or physical evidence of a struggle or conflict between the eventual Europeans or any other cultural group. Thiaw's hypothesis suggest the possibility that when the Portuguese used the island to bury their dead, the island, in the eyes of the natives, became haunted or was negatively impacted by the mysterious powers of the spirits of the sea.<sup id="cite_ref-Thiaw_(Okamura_&_Matsuda,_2011)_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thiaw_(Okamura_&_Matsuda,_2011)-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_settlement">European settlement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gor%C3%A9e&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: European settlement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Le_prince_de_Joinville_sur_l%27%C3%AEle_de_Gor%C3%A9e_en_1842.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Le_prince_de_Joinville_sur_l%27%C3%AEle_de_Gor%C3%A9e_en_1842.jpg/280px-Le_prince_de_Joinville_sur_l%27%C3%AEle_de_Gor%C3%A9e_en_1842.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Le_prince_de_Joinville_sur_l%27%C3%AEle_de_Gor%C3%A9e_en_1842.jpg/420px-Le_prince_de_Joinville_sur_l%27%C3%AEle_de_Gor%C3%A9e_en_1842.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Le_prince_de_Joinville_sur_l%27%C3%AEle_de_Gor%C3%A9e_en_1842.jpg/560px-Le_prince_de_Joinville_sur_l%27%C3%AEle_de_Gor%C3%A9e_en_1842.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1961" data-file-height="1431" /></a><figcaption>Artist representation of Gorée in 1842</figcaption></figure> <p>There is some textual evidence that states that the Dutch purchased the island from the chief of Dakar or from local fisherman on the island. While there is little archaeological evidence of this transaction, all European deposits are relatively abundant.<sup id="cite_ref-Thiaw_(2003)_25-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thiaw_(2003)-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On Gorée there are four distinct deposits found through excavation and testing. The first kinds of deposition are located on the northwestern and western part of the island, and were typically three metres of domestic debris and shell midden.<sup id="cite_ref-Thiaw_(2003)_25-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thiaw_(2003)-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Surrounding the area that was once Fort Nassau, these depositions were determined in correlation with Fort Nassau activity, which was seen to be relatively unfluctuating.<sup id="cite_ref-Thiaw_(Lane_&_MacDonald,_2011)_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thiaw_(Lane_&_MacDonald,_2011)-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A rare deposition was found near the Castel at G18, the sole site excavated in the area. Depositions in this area were typically shallow and right on top of a limestone bedrock. However, this one site produced three burials, all of which were dug into the limestone bedrock.<sup id="cite_ref-Thiaw_(Lane_&_MacDonald,_2011)_23-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thiaw_(Lane_&_MacDonald,_2011)-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>G13, a site located on the eastern side of the island, has produced cultural debris from one of its trash pits. This debris includes nails, European late pearlware and early whiteware with similar patterns dating from 1810 to 1849, sardine cans, and window glass, among other artifacts. Located near the military barracks from a military occupation in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the analysis of these ceramics suggests that many of them were replacements coinciding with the occupation.<sup id="cite_ref-Thiaw_(Lane_&_MacDonald,_2011)_23-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thiaw_(Lane_&_MacDonald,_2011)-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deposits like this were not common around the island. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gor%C3%A9e-Landing_stage-Fort-1892.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Gor%C3%A9e-Landing_stage-Fort-1892.jpg/280px-Gor%C3%A9e-Landing_stage-Fort-1892.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Gor%C3%A9e-Landing_stage-Fort-1892.jpg/420px-Gor%C3%A9e-Landing_stage-Fort-1892.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Gor%C3%A9e-Landing_stage-Fort-1892.jpg/560px-Gor%C3%A9e-Landing_stage-Fort-1892.jpg 2x" data-file-width="752" data-file-height="513" /></a><figcaption>Artist representation of dock at Gorée in 1892</figcaption></figure> <p>As with many archaeological sites around the globe, modern influences and activities affect the sites and lead to <a href="/wiki/Disturbance_(archaeology)" title="Disturbance (archaeology)">disturbances in the archaeological record</a> or unintentional site destruction.<sup id="cite_ref-Thiaw_(Okamura_&_Matsuda,_2011)_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thiaw_(Okamura_&_Matsuda,_2011)-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The European government imposed strict rules regarding the use of space and overall settlement development on the island. Archaeology shows this development in the soil; the constructions, levelling, reconstructions, some of which can be linked to a change in the European ruler at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-Thiaw_(Lane_&_MacDonald,_2011)_23-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thiaw_(Lane_&_MacDonald,_2011)-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, this evidence of development too show results of the consequences from contemporary activity, thus it is an intricate puzzle to determine complex social identities and groups, such as slave or free or African or Afro-European.<sup id="cite_ref-Thiaw_(Lane_&_MacDonald,_2011)_23-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thiaw_(Lane_&_MacDonald,_2011)-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An overall deduction can be made however: Atlantic trade significantly impacts the lives of those on Gorée, seen in the influx of ideas, complex identities and settlement structure. </p><p>Atlantic trade also influenced the physiological aspects of Gorean society. Archaeology has uncovered a plethora of evidence for massive imports of alcoholic beverages on the island. The massive import of alcoholic beverages naturally suggests a high level of consumption which its effects have been recorded as drunken conflicts, commonly between the military inhabitants.<sup id="cite_ref-Thiaw_(Okamura_&_Matsuda,_2011)_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thiaw_(Okamura_&_Matsuda,_2011)-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The previously mentioned Dr Ibrahima Thiaw is also the author of <i>Digging on Contested Grounds: Archaeology and the Commemoration of Slavery on Gorée Island</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Thiaw_(Okamura_&_Matsuda,_2011)_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thiaw_(Okamura_&_Matsuda,_2011)-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this article, Thiaw discusses the difference between the historical accounts full of slavery and shackles and the lack of archaeological evidence to support those accounts. Raina Croff, one of Thiaw's colleagues, states that she personally has never found any evidence of slavery on Gorée Island, however she also includes that archaeological evidence such as shackles and chains would not be found on an island, because there is no need.<sup id="cite_ref-Thiaw_(Okamura_&_Matsuda,_2011)_26-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thiaw_(Okamura_&_Matsuda,_2011)-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Maison_des_Esclaves"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Maison des Esclaves</i></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gor%C3%A9e&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Maison des Esclaves"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/House_of_Slaves" title="House of Slaves">House of Slaves</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gor%C3%A9e_-_Maison_des_esclaves_(2).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Gor%C3%A9e_-_Maison_des_esclaves_%282%29.JPG/280px-Gor%C3%A9e_-_Maison_des_esclaves_%282%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="280" height="373" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Gor%C3%A9e_-_Maison_des_esclaves_%282%29.JPG/420px-Gor%C3%A9e_-_Maison_des_esclaves_%282%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Gor%C3%A9e_-_Maison_des_esclaves_%282%29.JPG/560px-Gor%C3%A9e_-_Maison_des_esclaves_%282%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2976" data-file-height="3968" /></a><figcaption>Door of No Return at <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Maison des Esclaves</span></span> on Gorée Island</figcaption></figure> <p><span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Maison des Esclaves</span></span>, or the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Slaves" title="House of Slaves">House of Slaves</a>, was built in 1780–1784 by <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Nicolas Pépin</span></span>. Although it is the home of the infamous "Door of No Return", which is said to be the last place exported slaves touched African soil for the rest of their lives, there is little evidence at <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Maison des Esclaves</span></span> to suggest a "large-scale trans-Atlantic slave trade" economy.<sup id="cite_ref-Thiaw_(Okamura_&_Matsuda,_2011)_26-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thiaw_(Okamura_&_Matsuda,_2011)-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to census records obtained from the 18th century, the majority of enslaved population fell under the category of domestic slaves, rather than slaves to be exported.<sup id="cite_ref-h-net.org_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h-net.org-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Pépin</span></span> and his heiress may have had domestic slaves, but again there is little archaeological evidence that they were involved in any slave exportation business. Despite this lack of evidence, <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Maison des Esclaves</span></span> has become a pilgrimage site to commemorate forcible removal of Africans from their homeland, also known as the <a href="/wiki/African_diaspora" title="African diaspora">African diaspora</a>. This contrasts with the role of the site of <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Rue des Dongeons</span></span> on Gorée. At <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Rue des Dongeons</span></span>, as the name suggests, there is a presence of <a href="/wiki/Dungeon" title="Dungeon">dungeons</a>, which can clearly be associated with the confinement of the slaves to be exported. Historian Ana Lucia Araujo has said "it’s not a real place from where real people left in the numbers they say."<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Conversely, UNESCO claims that "from the 15th to 19th century, Gorée was the largest slave trading centre on the African coast."<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Maison_des_Esclaves.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/La_Maison_des_Esclaves.jpg/220px-La_Maison_des_Esclaves.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/La_Maison_des_Esclaves.jpg/330px-La_Maison_des_Esclaves.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/La_Maison_des_Esclaves.jpg/440px-La_Maison_des_Esclaves.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>La Maison des Esclaves (House of Slaves). Gorée, Senegal.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bambara_Quartier">Bambara Quartier</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gor%C3%A9e&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Bambara Quartier"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On the southcentral end of Gorée, in the Bambara quarter, although less abundant in artifacts, the deposits from this area differ in sediment inclusions from the rest of the island. Inclusions such as limestone, red bricks, shell, or stones in these two to three meter depositions are no older than the eighteenth century and shows frequent building up and tearing down processes.<sup id="cite_ref-Thiaw_(Lane_&_MacDonald,_2011)_23-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thiaw_(Lane_&_MacDonald,_2011)-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This could be correlated to the extensive settlement of this area maybe by domestic slaves beginning in the eighteenth century.<sup id="cite_ref-Thiaw_(Lane_&_MacDonald,_2011)_23-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thiaw_(Lane_&_MacDonald,_2011)-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Thiaw_(2003)_25-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thiaw_(2003)-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Quartier Bambara was a segregated settlement, which suggests domestic slavery rather than exportation. The maps of this settlement has segregated boundary lines that eventually, by the mid-eighteenth century, were shown to be reduced.<sup id="cite_ref-Thiaw_(Lane_&_MacDonald,_2011)_23-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thiaw_(Lane_&_MacDonald,_2011)-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Found in the center of the island, Bambara was inhabited by the Bambara people. The <a href="/wiki/Bambara_people" title="Bambara people">Bambara people</a> had an unfavorable stereotype; found in the mainland of Senegal and Mali, the Bambara were known for being excellent slaves. Brought to Gorée by the French, the Bambara people were set to build roads, forts and houses. </p><p>These buildings (<span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Maison des Esclaves</span></span>, <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Quartier Bambara</span></span>, and <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Rue des Dungeons</span></span>), made of stone or brick, contrasted with the structures built by the Africans made of straw and mud. This contrast aided in the segregation and status separation between the Africans and the European inhabitants and followed the common association that masonry was a European influence. However, the construction of these architectural buildings were most likely built by the slaves, and without floor plans, as indicated by the haphazard city layout and irregular angles in the rooms. Settlement analysis demonstrates the possibility that with time, the masters' and the enslaved peoples' statuses evened out enough to work and live side by side on the island by the second half of the eighteenth century.<sup id="cite_ref-Thiaw_(Lane_&_MacDonald,_2011)_23-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thiaw_(Lane_&_MacDonald,_2011)-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Disputing_Gorée_as_a_major_trading_post_for_slaves"><span id="Disputing_Gor.C3.A9e_as_a_major_trading_post_for_slaves"></span>Disputing Gorée as a <i>major</i> trading post for slaves</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gor%C3%A9e&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Disputing Gorée as a major trading post for slaves"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Costumes_de_Differents_Pays,_%27Marchand_d%27Esclaves_de_Goree%27_LACMA_M.83.190.334.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Costumes_de_Differents_Pays%2C_%27Marchand_d%27Esclaves_de_Goree%27_LACMA_M.83.190.334.jpg/220px-Costumes_de_Differents_Pays%2C_%27Marchand_d%27Esclaves_de_Goree%27_LACMA_M.83.190.334.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="321" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Costumes_de_Differents_Pays%2C_%27Marchand_d%27Esclaves_de_Goree%27_LACMA_M.83.190.334.jpg/330px-Costumes_de_Differents_Pays%2C_%27Marchand_d%27Esclaves_de_Goree%27_LACMA_M.83.190.334.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Costumes_de_Differents_Pays%2C_%27Marchand_d%27Esclaves_de_Goree%27_LACMA_M.83.190.334.jpg/440px-Costumes_de_Differents_Pays%2C_%27Marchand_d%27Esclaves_de_Goree%27_LACMA_M.83.190.334.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1439" data-file-height="2100" /></a><figcaption>A slave trader of Gorée, engraving of c. 1797</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 1990s a debate ensued on the veracity of the Gorée slave trade as narrated by the conservator <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Ndiaye" class="extiw" title="fr:Joseph Ndiaye">Boubacar Joseph Ndiaye</a></span></span>. In an article, published in the French newspaper <i>Le Monde</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Emmanuel de Roux challenged Ndiaye's repeated claims that Gorée, at the so-called "Maison des Esclaves", was an important slave depot (which was largely based on the false interpretations of French visitors in the 18–19th century and afterwards). De Roux based his critique on the works of the researchers Abdoulaye Camara and Father Joseph-Roger de Benoist.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to historical accounts, no more than 500 slaves per year were traded there,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a trickle in comparison to the scale of the slave trade along the coasts of modern-day Benin, Guinee and Angola: in total 4–5% (or around 500 000) of the slaves were shipped from Senegal to the Americas, whereas the remaining 11.5 million enslaved Africans came from the other (West) African shores.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ndiaye's graphic descriptions of the conditions of the slaves allegedly kept at the "Maison des Esclaves" are not supported by any historical documentation<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and according to De Roux, they may have served to drum up business, especially from African-American tourists.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response to these accusations, several Senegalese and European researchers convened a symposium at the Sorbonne in April 1997, entitled "<i>Gorée dans la traite atlantique : mythes et réalités</i>", whose proceedings were published afterwards.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Recently, Hamady Bocoum et Bernard Toulier published an article "The Fabrication of Heritage: the case of Gorée (Senegal)" (in French: "La fabrication du Patrimoine : l’exemple de Gorée (Sénégal)")<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> documenting the elevation of Gorée to an emotionally charged memorial of the transatlantic slave trade for touristic reasons. This was spearheaded by the Senegalese government, begun under President Léopold Sédar Senghor, who had tasked his special appointee Ndiaye with this goal. In 2013, journalist Jean Luc Angrand chronicled<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> how Ndiaye began his lobbying campaign among African-American communities in the US, as he tried to capitalize on their desire to look for their own heritage in Africa that arose in the 1970s. This interest surged after the impact of the TV series <i><a href="/wiki/Roots_(1977_miniseries)" title="Roots (1977 miniseries)">Roots</a></i>, which was most acutely felt among African-American viewers. For this reason Ndiaye exaggerated the importance of Senegal, and Gorée in particular, by claiming that no less than 20 million enslaved Africans were shipped from there. </p><p>Although several English-written media sources have reported on the invented history of Gorée, notably John Murphy in the <i>Seattle Times</i><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Max Fischer in the <i>Washington</i> <i>Post</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> some English news sources, such as the BBC,<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> still cling to the invented narrative of Gorée as a major center of the slave trade. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_residents">Notable residents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gor%C3%A9e&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notable residents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latyr_Sy" title="Latyr Sy">Latyr Sy</a>, djembe musician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/France_Gall" title="France Gall">France Gall</a>, the French singer, owned a home there</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9a_Seydoux" title="Léa Seydoux">Léa Seydoux</a>, was partially raised on the island<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gor%C3%A9e&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gorée Island was the Pit Stop for Leg 4 of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Amazing_Race_6#Leg_4_.28Sweden_.E2.86.92_Senegal.29" title="The Amazing Race 6">The Amazing Race 6</a></i>, and the Slave House itself was visited during Leg 5.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gorée Island has been featured in many songs, due to its history related to the slave trade. The following songs have significant references to Gorée Island: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steel_Pulse" title="Steel Pulse">Steel Pulse</a>– "Door Of No Return" on <i><a href="/wiki/African_Holocaust_(album)" title="African Holocaust (album)">African Holocaust</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doug_E._Fresh" title="Doug E. Fresh">Doug E. Fresh</a>– "Africa"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akon" title="Akon">Akon</a> – "Senegal"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burning_Spear" title="Burning Spear">Burning Spear</a>– "One Africa" on <i><a href="/wiki/Jah_Is_Real" title="Jah Is Real">Jah Is Real</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Blondy" title="Alpha Blondy">Alpha Blondy</a> & Solar System– "Goree (Senegal)" on <i><a href="/wiki/Dieu_(album)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dieu (album)">Dieu</a></i> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuru_Kane" title="Nuru Kane">Nuru Kane</a> – "Goree"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinsemilia" title="Sinsemilia">Sinsemilia</a> - "De l’histoire"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilberto_Gil" title="Gilberto Gil">Gilberto Gil</a> – "<span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">La Lune de Goree</span></span>", composed by <a href="/wiki/Gilberto_Gil" title="Gilberto Gil">Gilberto Gil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Carlos_Capinam" title="José Carlos Capinam">José Carlos Capinam</a></li> <li>The father of French rapper <a href="/wiki/Booba" title="Booba">Booba</a> (born Elie Yaffa) is from Gorée. In his song "<span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Garde la pêche</span></span>" he mentions the island, saying "<span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Gorée c'est ma terre</span></span>" (Gorée is my land/hometown). Also, in his song "0.9", he says "<span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">À dix ans j'ai vu Gorée, depuis mes larmes sont eternelles</span></span>" (When I was 10 I saw Gorée, since then my tears have been eternal."</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Miller" title="Marcus Miller">Marcus Miller</a> – "Gorée (Go-ray)"</li></ul> <p>In 2007 the Swiss director <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Yves_Borgeaud" title="Pierre-Yves Borgeaud">Pierre-Yves Borgeaud</a></span></span> made a documentary called <i><a href="/wiki/Retour_%C3%A0_Gor%C3%A9e" title="Retour à Gorée">Retour à Gorée</a></i> (<i>Return to Gorée</i>). </p><p>Greek <a href="/wiki/Avantgarde" class="mw-redirect" title="Avantgarde">avantgarde</a> classical composer <a href="/wiki/Iannis_Xenakis" title="Iannis Xenakis">Iannis Xenakis</a> wrote a piece for <a href="/wiki/Harpsichord" title="Harpsichord">harpsichord</a> and ensemble entitled <i>A l`ile de Gorée</i> (1986). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gor%C3%A9e&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2007-02-13_Ile_de_Goree_D_Bruyere.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Harbor of Gorée"><img alt="Harbor of Gorée" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/2007-02-13_Ile_de_Goree_D_Bruyere.JPG/120px-2007-02-13_Ile_de_Goree_D_Bruyere.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/2007-02-13_Ile_de_Goree_D_Bruyere.JPG/180px-2007-02-13_Ile_de_Goree_D_Bruyere.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/2007-02-13_Ile_de_Goree_D_Bruyere.JPG/240px-2007-02-13_Ile_de_Goree_D_Bruyere.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2751" data-file-height="1404" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Harbor of Gorée</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dakar_skyline_da_gor%C3%A8_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dakar's skyline as seen from Gorée"><img alt="Dakar's skyline as seen from Gorée" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Dakar_skyline_da_gor%C3%A8_2.jpg/120px-Dakar_skyline_da_gor%C3%A8_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Dakar_skyline_da_gor%C3%A8_2.jpg/180px-Dakar_skyline_da_gor%C3%A8_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Dakar_skyline_da_gor%C3%A8_2.jpg/240px-Dakar_skyline_da_gor%C3%A8_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4311" data-file-height="2483" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dakar's skyline as seen from Gorée</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Senegalese_boy_in_Gore_Island.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Senegalese boy on Gorée Island"><img alt="Senegalese boy on Gorée Island" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Senegalese_boy_in_Gore_Island.jpg/120px-Senegalese_boy_in_Gore_Island.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Senegalese_boy_in_Gore_Island.jpg/180px-Senegalese_boy_in_Gore_Island.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Senegalese_boy_in_Gore_Island.jpg/240px-Senegalese_boy_in_Gore_Island.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="862" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Senegalese boy on Gorée Island</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Street_in_Goree.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Street in Gorée"><img alt="Street in Gorée" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Street_in_Goree.jpg/120px-Street_in_Goree.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Street_in_Goree.jpg/180px-Street_in_Goree.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Street_in_Goree.jpg/240px-Street_in_Goree.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="862" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Street in Gorée</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_mer_de_l%27%C3%AEle_de_Gor%C3%A9e.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_mer_de_l%27%C3%AEle_de_Gor%C3%A9e.jpg/120px-Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_mer_de_l%27%C3%AEle_de_Gor%C3%A9e.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_mer_de_l%27%C3%AEle_de_Gor%C3%A9e.jpg/180px-Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_mer_de_l%27%C3%AEle_de_Gor%C3%A9e.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_mer_de_l%27%C3%AEle_de_Gor%C3%A9e.jpg/240px-Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_mer_de_l%27%C3%AEle_de_Gor%C3%A9e.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3888" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Memorial_to_slavery_(%C3%8Ele_de_Gor%C3%A9e,_Senegal).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Memorial to slavery"><img alt="Memorial to slavery" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Memorial_to_slavery_%28%C3%8Ele_de_Gor%C3%A9e%2C_Senegal%29.jpg/120px-Memorial_to_slavery_%28%C3%8Ele_de_Gor%C3%A9e%2C_Senegal%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Memorial_to_slavery_%28%C3%8Ele_de_Gor%C3%A9e%2C_Senegal%29.jpg/180px-Memorial_to_slavery_%28%C3%8Ele_de_Gor%C3%A9e%2C_Senegal%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Memorial_to_slavery_%28%C3%8Ele_de_Gor%C3%A9e%2C_Senegal%29.jpg/240px-Memorial_to_slavery_%28%C3%8Ele_de_Gor%C3%A9e%2C_Senegal%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3908" data-file-height="2320" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Memorial to slavery</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gor%C3%A9e&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output 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.cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160402084801/https://www.h-net.org/~africa/threads/goree.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Goree and the Atlantic Slave Trade", Philip Curtin, History Net, accessed 9 July 2008"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.h-net.org/~africa/threads/goree.html">the original</a> on 2 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Goree+and+the+Atlantic+Slave+Trade%22%2C+Philip+Curtin%2C+History+Net%2C+accessed+9+July+2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.h-net.org%2F~africa%2Fthreads%2Fgoree.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGor%C3%A9e" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Les_Guides_Bleus_p._123-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Les_Guides_Bleus_p._123_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Les Guides Bleus: Afrique de l'Ouest</i> (1958 ed.), p. 123</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/travelnews/10999939/21-World-Heritage-Sites-you-have-probably-never-heard-of.html">"21 World Heritage Sites you have probably never heard of"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. Daily Telegraph. 4 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=21+World+Heritage+Sites+you+have+probably+never+heard+of&rft.date=2016-02-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Ftravel%2Ftravelnews%2F10999939%2F21-World-Heritage-Sites-you-have-probably-never-heard-of.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGor%C3%A9e" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDa_Silva2014" class="citation journal cs1">Da Silva, Filipa Ribeiro (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177/0843871414543447">"African islands and the formation of the Dutch Atlantic economy: Arguin, Gorée, Cape Verde and São Tomé, 1590–1670"</a>. <i>International Journal of Maritime History</i>. <b>26</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">549–</span>567. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0843871414543447">10.1177/0843871414543447</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Maritime+History&rft.atitle=African+islands+and+the+formation+of+the+Dutch+Atlantic+economy%3A+Arguin%2C+Gor%C3%A9e%2C+Cape+Verde+and+S%C3%A3o+Tom%C3%A9%2C+1590%E2%80%931670&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E549-%3C%2Fspan%3E567&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0843871414543447&rft.aulast=Da+Silva&rft.aufirst=Filipa+Ribeiro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1177%2F0843871414543447&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGor%C3%A9e" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThilmans200611-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThilmans200611_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThilmans2006">Thilmans 2006</a>, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThilmans200612-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThilmans200612_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThilmans200612_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThilmans2006">Thilmans 2006</a>, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThilmans200614-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThilmans200614_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThilmans2006">Thilmans 2006</a>, p. 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Laet193251-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Laet193251_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFde_Laet1932">de Laet 1932</a>, p. 51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJacobs2012205-6-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJacobs2012205-6_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJacobs2012">Jacobs 2012</a>, p. 205-6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJacobs2012205-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJacobs2012205_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJacobs2012">Jacobs 2012</a>, p. 205.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Goree"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Goree">"Goree" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 255.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Goree&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=255&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGor%C3%A9e" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJacobs2012206-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJacobs2012206_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJacobs2012">Jacobs 2012</a>, p. 206.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJacobs2012213-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJacobs2012213_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJacobs2012">Jacobs 2012</a>, p. 213.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For last period, see for example, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuthrie1798" class="citation book cs1">Guthrie, William (1798). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=00PGd10YXTgC"><i>A New Geographical, Historical and Commercial Grammar and Present State of the Several Kingdoms of the World, 2</i></a>. London: Charles Dilly ... and G.G. and J. Robinson. pp. <span class="nowrap">819–</span>820.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+New+Geographical%2C+Historical+and+Commercial+Grammar+and+Present+State+of+the+Several+Kingdoms+of+the+World%2C+2&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E819-%3C%2Fspan%3E820&rft.pub=Charles+Dilly+...+and+G.G.+and+J.+Robinson&rft.date=1798&rft.aulast=Guthrie&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D00PGd10YXTgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGor%C3%A9e" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RNB-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RNB_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarshall1823" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/John_Marshall_(biographer)" title="John Marshall (biographer)">Marshall, John</a> (1823). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Royal Naval Biography/Taylor, William"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Royal_Naval_Biography/Taylor,_William">"Taylor, William" </a></span>. <i>Royal Naval Biography</i>. Vol. 52.20.1. London: Longman and company. pp. <span class="nowrap">487–</span>488.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Taylor%2C+William&rft.btitle=Royal+Naval+Biography&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E487-%3C%2Fspan%3E488&rft.pub=Longman+and+company&rft.date=1823&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGor%C3%A9e" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ForeignAffairsDuBois-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ForeignAffairsDuBois_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDu_Bois1925" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois" title="W. E. B. Du Bois">Du Bois, W. E. Burghardt</a> (April 1, 1925). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/africa/1925-04-01/worlds-color">"Worlds of Color"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs" title="Foreign Affairs">Foreign Affairs</a></i>. Vol. 3, no. 3. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0015-7120">0015-7120</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Affairs&rft.atitle=Worlds+of+Color&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.date=1925-04-01&rft.issn=0015-7120&rft.aulast=Du+Bois&rft.aufirst=W.+E.+Burghardt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foreignaffairs.com%2Farticles%2Fafrica%2F1925-04-01%2Fworlds-color&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGor%C3%A9e" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TheNewNegroDuBois-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TheNewNegroDuBois_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuBois1925" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois" title="W. E. B. Du Bois">DuBois, W. E. B.</a> (1925). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newnegrointerpre00unse/page/413/mode/1up">"The Negro Mind Reaches Out"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Alain_LeRoy_Locke" title="Alain LeRoy Locke">Locke, Alain LeRoy</a> (ed.). <i>The New Negro: An Interpretation</i> (1927 ed.). Albert and Charles Boni. p. 385. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/25025228">25025228</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/639696145">639696145</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Negro+Mind+Reaches+Out&rft.btitle=The+New+Negro%3A+An+Interpretation&rft.pages=385&rft.edition=1927&rft.pub=Albert+and+Charles+Boni&rft.date=1925&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F639696145&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F25025228&rft.aulast=DuBois&rft.aufirst=W.+E.+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewnegrointerpre00unse%2Fpage%2F413%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGor%C3%A9e" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Araujo, Ana Lucia. Public Memory of Slavery: Victims and Perpetrators in the South Atlantic (Amherst, NY: Cambria Press, 2010)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Araujo, Ana Lucia. Shadows of the Slave Past: Memory, Heritage, and Slavery (New York: Routledge, 2014), 57–65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:2_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFisayo-Bambi2023" class="citation web cs1">Fisayo-Bambi, Jerry (September 25, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.africanews.com/2023/09/25/hundreds-compete-in-senegal-sea-swimming-race//">"Senegal: Hundreds compete in Dakar to Gorée Island swimming race"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Africa_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Africa News">Africa News</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Africa+News&rft.atitle=Senegal%3A+Hundreds+compete+in+Dakar+to+Gor%C3%A9e+Island+swimming+race&rft.date=2023-09-25&rft.aulast=Fisayo-Bambi&rft.aufirst=Jerry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.africanews.com%2F2023%2F09%2F25%2Fhundreds-compete-in-senegal-sea-swimming-race%2F%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGor%C3%A9e" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cheikh_Anta_Diop,94-1-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cheikh_Anta_Diop,94-1_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCheikh_Anta_Diop1994" class="citation book cs1">Cheikh Anta Diop (1994). <i>The Island and the Historical Museum</i>. Publication of the Historical Museum. pp. <span class="nowrap">22–</span>23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Island+and+the+Historical+Museum&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E22-%3C%2Fspan%3E23&rft.pub=Publication+of+the+Historical+Museum&rft.date=1994&rft.au=Cheikh+Anta+Diop&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGor%C3%A9e" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cheikh_Anta_Diop,94-2-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cheikh_Anta_Diop,94-2_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCheikh_Anta_Diop1994" class="citation book cs1">Cheikh Anta Diop (1994). <i>The Island and the Historical Museum</i>. Publication of the Historical Museum. p. 68.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Island+and+the+Historical+Museum&rft.pages=68&rft.pub=Publication+of+the+Historical+Museum&rft.date=1994&rft.au=Cheikh+Anta+Diop&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGor%C3%A9e" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thiaw_(Lane_&_MacDonald,_2011)-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thiaw_(Lane_&_MacDonald,_2011)_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thiaw_(Lane_&_MacDonald,_2011)_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thiaw_(Lane_&_MacDonald,_2011)_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thiaw_(Lane_&_MacDonald,_2011)_23-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thiaw_(Lane_&_MacDonald,_2011)_23-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thiaw_(Lane_&_MacDonald,_2011)_23-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thiaw_(Lane_&_MacDonald,_2011)_23-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thiaw_(Lane_&_MacDonald,_2011)_23-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thiaw_(Lane_&_MacDonald,_2011)_23-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thiaw_(Lane_&_MacDonald,_2011)_23-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thiaw_(Lane_&_MacDonald,_2011)_23-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thiaw_(Lane_&_MacDonald,_2011)_23-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThiaw2011" class="citation book cs1">Thiaw, Ibrahima (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britishacademypublications.com/view/10.5871/bacad/9780197264782.001.0001/bacad-9780197264782-chapter-8">"Slaves without Shackles: An Archaeology of Everyday Life on Gorée Island, Senegal"</a>. In Lane, Paul; MacDonald, Kevin C. (eds.). <i>Slavery in Africa: Archaeology and Memory</i>. pp. <span class="nowrap">147–</span>165. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5871%2Fbacad%2F9780197264782.003.0008">10.5871/bacad/9780197264782.003.0008</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780197264782" title="Special:BookSources/9780197264782"><bdi>9780197264782</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Slaves+without+Shackles%3A+An+Archaeology+of+Everyday+Life+on+Gor%C3%A9e+Island%2C+Senegal&rft.btitle=Slavery+in+Africa%3A+Archaeology+and+Memory&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E147-%3C%2Fspan%3E165&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5871%2Fbacad%2F9780197264782.003.0008&rft.isbn=9780197264782&rft.aulast=Thiaw&rft.aufirst=Ibrahima&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishacademypublications.com%2Fview%2F10.5871%2Fbacad%2F9780197264782.001.0001%2Fbacad-9780197264782-chapter-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGor%C3%A9e" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://goree.rice.edu/">"Goree Archaeology"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170724045549/http://goree.rice.edu/">Archived</a> 2017-07-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Rice University, accessed 8 July 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thiaw_(2003)-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thiaw_(2003)_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thiaw_(2003)_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thiaw_(2003)_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thiaw_(2003)_25-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thiaw_(2003)_25-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thiaw_(2003)_25-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thiaw_(2003)_25-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThiaw2003" class="citation journal cs1">Thiaw, Ibrahima (2003). "The Gorée Archaeological Project (GAP): Preliminary results". <i>Nyame Akuma</i> (60): <span class="nowrap">27–</span>35.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nyame+Akuma&rft.atitle=The+Gor%C3%A9e+Archaeological+Project+%28GAP%29%3A+Preliminary+results&rft.issue=60&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E27-%3C%2Fspan%3E35&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Thiaw&rft.aufirst=Ibrahima&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGor%C3%A9e" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thiaw_(Okamura_&_Matsuda,_2011)-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thiaw_(Okamura_&_Matsuda,_2011)_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thiaw_(Okamura_&_Matsuda,_2011)_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thiaw_(Okamura_&_Matsuda,_2011)_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thiaw_(Okamura_&_Matsuda,_2011)_26-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thiaw_(Okamura_&_Matsuda,_2011)_26-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thiaw_(Okamura_&_Matsuda,_2011)_26-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThiaw2011" class="citation book cs1">Thiaw, Ibrahima (2011). "Digging on Contested Grounds: Archaeology and the Commemoration of Slavery on Gorée Island, Senegal". In Okamura, Katsuyuki; Matsuda, Akira (eds.). <i>New Perspectives in Global Public Archaeology</i>. New York: Springer. pp. <span class="nowrap">127–</span>138. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-1-4614-0341-8_10">10.1007/978-1-4614-0341-8_10</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4614-0341-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4614-0341-8"><bdi>978-1-4614-0341-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Digging+on+Contested+Grounds%3A+Archaeology+and+the+Commemoration+of+Slavery+on+Gor%C3%A9e+Island%2C+Senegal&rft.btitle=New+Perspectives+in+Global+Public+Archaeology&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E127-%3C%2Fspan%3E138&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-1-4614-0341-8_10&rft.isbn=978-1-4614-0341-8&rft.aulast=Thiaw&rft.aufirst=Ibrahima&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGor%C3%A9e" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurtin1969" class="citation book cs1">Curtin, Philip D. (1969). <i>The Atlantic slave trade : a census</i>. Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Atlantic+slave+trade+%3A+a+census&rft.place=Madison%2C+Wisconsin&rft.pub=University+of+Wisconsin+Press&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Curtin&rft.aufirst=Philip+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGor%C3%A9e" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFisher2013" class="citation news cs1">Fisher, Max (28 June 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2013/06/28/what-obama-really-saw-at-the-door-of-no-return-a-debunked-memorial-to-the-slave-trade/">"What Obama really saw at the 'Door of No Return,' a disputed memorial to the slave trade"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Post">Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=What+Obama+really+saw+at+the+%27Door+of+No+Return%2C%27+a+disputed+memorial+to+the+slave+trade&rft.date=2013-06-28&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=Max&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fworldviews%2Fwp%2F2013%2F06%2F28%2Fwhat-obama-really-saw-at-the-door-of-no-return-a-debunked-memorial-to-the-slave-trade%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGor%C3%A9e" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/26">"Island of Gorée"</a>. <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Island+of+Gor%C3%A9e&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGor%C3%A9e" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_Roux1996" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">De Roux, Emmanuel (27 December 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1996/12/27/le-mythe-de-la-maison-des-esclaves-qui-resiste-a-la-realite_3739279_1819218.html?xtmc=le_mythe_de_la_maison_des_esclaves&xtcr=27">"Le mythe de la Maison des esclaves qui résiste à la réalité"</a>. <i>Le Monde</i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Le+mythe+de+la+Maison+des+esclaves+qui+r%C3%A9siste+%C3%A0+la+r%C3%A9alit%C3%A9&rft.date=1996-12-27&rft.aulast=De+Roux&rft.aufirst=Emmanuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Farchives%2Farticle%2F1996%2F12%2F27%2Fle-mythe-de-la-maison-des-esclaves-qui-resiste-a-la-realite_3739279_1819218.html%3Fxtmc%3Dle_mythe_de_la_maison_des_esclaves%26xtcr%3D27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGor%C3%A9e" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_BenoistCamara1993" class="citation book cs1">de Benoist, Joseph Roger; Camara, abdoulaye (1993). <i>Gorée, Guide de l'île et du Musée historique</i>. Dakar: FAN-Ch.A. Diop.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gor%C3%A9e%2C+Guide+de+l%27%C3%AEle+et+du+Mus%C3%A9e+historique&rft.place=Dakar&rft.pub=FAN-Ch.A.+Diop.&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=de+Benoist&rft.aufirst=Joseph+Roger&rft.au=Camara%2C+abdoulaye&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGor%C3%A9e" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_BenoistCamara2003" class="citation book cs1">de Benoist, Joseph-Roger; Camara, Abdoulaye (2003). <i>Histoire de Gorée</i>. Paris: Maisonneuve et Larousse. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-7068-1765-8" title="Special:BookSources/2-7068-1765-8"><bdi>2-7068-1765-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+de+Gor%C3%A9e&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Maisonneuve+et+Larousse&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=2-7068-1765-8&rft.aulast=de+Benoist&rft.aufirst=Joseph-Roger&rft.au=Camara%2C+Abdoulaye&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGor%C3%A9e" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarry1998" class="citation book cs1">Barry, Boubacar (1998). <i>Senegambia and the Atlantic slave trade</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 62, 66. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-59226-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-59226-7"><bdi>0-521-59226-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Senegambia+and+the+Atlantic+slave+trade&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=62%2C+66&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-521-59226-7&rft.aulast=Barry&rft.aufirst=Boubacar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGor%C3%A9e" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This number should be viewed merely as an average of the estimates that range from 10 to 14 million people, given by researchers. A somewhat lower estimate of 9,566,100 people (who ultimately landed in the Americas) was calculated by Noel Deerr and adopted by Philip D. Curtin (1922–2009) in his book <i>The Atlantic Slave Trade: A Census</i> (University of Wisconsin Press, repr. 1972), p. 87 (with tallies). A high end of 15,4 million people shipped from Africa, with 13,392,000 ultimately landed in the Americas, was given by J.E. Inikori in the <i>Journal of African History</i> (17) in 1976.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In fact, Ndiaye probably relied on the unsubstantiated descriptions of his former boss, Pierre André Cariou, the Breton army doctor of the French marine, who wrote his <i>Promenade to Gorée</i> in the 1950s. Cariou himself may have got his background information on Gorée from the <i>Guide du tourisme</i> in 1926, or the publications of BRAU, P. L’île du sortilège". <i>Bull. Comité d’Études historiques et scientifiques de l’Afrique Occidentale Française</i>, t. XI, n°4, oct.-déc. 1928, tiré à part, p. 63; GAFFIOT, Robert. <i>Gorée, capitale déchue</i>. Paris : L. Fournier, 1933, p. 93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In the commemorative plaque to Ndiaye, he is thanked for his eloquence and his "efficient contribution to the cultural and touristic development of Senegal" ("contribution efficace au développement culturel et touristique du Sénégal").</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSamb1997" class="citation book cs1">Samb, Djibril, ed. (1997). <i>Gorée et l'esclavage : actes du Séminaire sur "Gorée dans la traite atlantique : mythes et réalités (Gorée, 7-8 avril 1997)</i>. Dakar (Senegal): Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, IFAN Ch. A. Diop.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gor%C3%A9e+et+l%27esclavage+%3A+actes+du+S%C3%A9minaire+sur+%22Gor%C3%A9e+dans+la+traite+atlantique+%3A+mythes+et+r%C3%A9alit%C3%A9s+%28Gor%C3%A9e%2C+7-8+avril+1997%29&rft.place=Dakar+%28Senegal%29&rft.pub=Universit%C3%A9+Cheikh+Anta+Diop+de+Dakar%2C+IFAN+Ch.+A.+Diop&rft.date=1997&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGor%C3%A9e" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBocoumToulier2013" class="citation journal cs1">Bocoum, Hamady; Toulier, Bernard (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.openedition.org/insitu/10303#ftn43">"La fabrication du Patrimoine, l'exemple de Gorée (Sénégal)"</a>. <i>In Situ (Revue des Patrimoines)</i>. <b>20</b>: <span class="nowrap">1–</span>37.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Situ+%28Revue+des+Patrimoines%29&rft.atitle=La+fabrication+du+Patrimoine%2C+l%27exemple+de+Gor%C3%A9e+%28S%C3%A9n%C3%A9gal%29&rft.volume=20&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E37&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Bocoum&rft.aufirst=Hamady&rft.au=Toulier%2C+Bernard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.openedition.org%2Finsitu%2F10303%23ftn43&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGor%C3%A9e" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.fr/jean-luc-angrand/maison-des-esclaves-goree_b_2709281.html">"Petite note sur la fausse "Maison des esclaves de Gorée"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Le Huffington Post</i>. 22 February 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 12,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Seattle+Times&rft.atitle=Senegal+Slave+House%27s+past+questioned&rft.date=2004-07-27&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.seattletimes.com%2Farchive%2F20040727%2Fslavehouse27%2Fsenegal-slave-houses-past-questioned&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGor%C3%A9e" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFischer2013" class="citation news cs1">Fischer, Max (July 1, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2013/07/01/the-sincere-fiction-of-goree-island-africas-best-known-slave-trade-memorial/">"The sincere fiction of Goree Island, Africa's best-known slave trade memorial"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=The+sincere+fiction+of+Goree+Island%2C+Africa%27s+best-known+slave+trade+memorial&rft.date=2013-07-01&rft.aulast=Fischer&rft.aufirst=Max&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fworldviews%2Fwp%2F2013%2F07%2F01%2Fthe-sincere-fiction-of-goree-island-africas-best-known-slave-trade-memorial%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGor%C3%A9e" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-africa-40894612/living-under-a-cannon-on-senegal-s-gore-island">"I live in a bunker under a cannon"</a>. <i>BBC News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 31,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Nugget&rft.atitle=Amazing+Race+6%2C+Episode+5&rft.date=2004-12-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailynugget.com%2F2004%2F12%2Famazing-race-6-episode-5%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGor%C3%A9e" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gor%C3%A9e&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr">Camara, Abdoulaye & Joseph Roger de Benoïst. <i>Histoire de Gorée</i>, <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>: Maisonneuve & Larose, 2003</span></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Laet1932" class="citation book cs1">de Laet, Johannes (1932). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=MMKB21:043710000:00077"><i>Iaerlyck Verhael van de Verrichtinghen der Geoctroyeerde West-Indische Compagnie in derthien boeken</i></a>. S. L'Honoré Naber (ed.). 's-Gravenhage: Martinus Nijhoff<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-09-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Iaerlyck+Verhael+van+de+Verrichtinghen+der+Geoctroyeerde+West-Indische+Compagnie+in+derthien+boeken&rft.place=%27s-Gravenhage&rft.pub=Martinus+Nijhoff&rft.date=1932&rft.aulast=de+Laet&rft.aufirst=Johannes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fresolver.kb.nl%2Fresolve%3Furn%3DMMKB21%3A043710000%3A00077&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGor%C3%A9e" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacobs2012" class="citation book cs1">Jacobs, Bart (2012). "The Dutch in Seventeenth-Century Senegambia and the Emergence of Papiamentu". In <a href="/wiki/Toby_Green" title="Toby Green">Green, Toby</a> (ed.). <i>Brokers of Change: Atlantic Commerce and Cultures in Pre-Colonial Western Africa</i>. London: Proceedings of the British Academy.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Dutch+in+Seventeenth-Century+Senegambia+and+the+Emergence+of+Papiamentu&rft.btitle=Brokers+of+Change%3A+Atlantic+Commerce+and+Cultures+in+Pre-Colonial+Western+Africa&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Proceedings+of+the+British+Academy&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Jacobs&rft.aufirst=Bart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGor%C3%A9e" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThilmans2006" class="citation book cs1">Thilmans, Guy (2006). <i>Histoire militaire de Gorée: de l'arrivée des portugais (1444) au départ définitif des anglais (1817)</i>. Gorée [Senegal]: Éditions du Musée historique du Sénégal.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+militaire+de+Gor%C3%A9e%3A+de+l%27arriv%C3%A9e+des+portugais+%281444%29+au+d%C3%A9part+d%C3%A9finitif+des+anglais+%281817%29&rft.place=Gor%C3%A9e+%5BSenegal%5D&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+du+Mus%C3%A9e+historique+du+S%C3%A9n%C3%A9gal&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Thilmans&rft.aufirst=Guy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGor%C3%A9e" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr">Guillaume Vial, <i>Femmes d'influence. Les signares de Saint-Louis du Sénégal et de Gorée XVIIIe-XIXe siècle. Étude critique d'une identité métisse</i>, <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>: Nouvelles Éditions Maisonneuve & Larose - Hémisphères Éditions, 2019, 381 p.</span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gor%C3%A9e&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gor%C3%A9e" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Gorée">Gorée</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webworld.unesco.org/goree/">UNESCO</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/search/?w=all&q=goree&m=tags">Photos of Goree</a> on <a href="/wiki/Flickr" title="Flickr">Flickr</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061215202014/http://www.mairiedegoree.org/">Mairie de Gorée</a></span></span> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://goree.rice.edu/">Archaeological Research on Gorée</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170724045549/http://goree.rice.edu/">Archived</a> 2017-07-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rice_University" title="Rice University">Rice University</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160402084801/https://www.h-net.org/~africa/threads/goree.html">Gorée and the Slave Trade</a>, Philip Curtin, African Threads, History Net</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sunmt.org/bushsenegal.html">George W. Bush's visit</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/152488461">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4261791-1">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83303519">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16691751z">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16691751z">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Gorée (Senegal : ostrov)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge715635&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007555220005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/028080114">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10046232">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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