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GitHub - google/GTMAppAuth: Apple platforms SDK for using AppAuth with Google libraries.
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0v-2a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Zm-5 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v2a1 1 0 0 1-2 0v-2a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">GitHub Copilot</div> Write better code with AI </div> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description pb-lg-3" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"security","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"security_link_product_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/features/security"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-shield-check color-fg-subtle mr-3"> <path d="M16.53 9.78a.75.75 0 0 0-1.06-1.06L11 13.19l-1.97-1.97a.75.75 0 0 0-1.06 1.06l2.5 2.5a.75.75 0 0 0 1.06 0l5-5Z"></path><path d="m12.54.637 8.25 2.675A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 22 4.976V10c0 6.19-3.771 10.704-9.401 12.83a1.704 1.704 0 0 1-1.198 0C5.77 20.705 2 16.19 2 10V4.976c0-.758.489-1.43 1.21-1.664L11.46.637a1.748 1.748 0 0 1 1.08 0Zm-.617 1.426-8.25 2.676a.249.249 0 0 0-.173.237V10c0 5.46 3.28 9.483 8.43 11.426a.199.199 0 0 0 .14 0C17.22 19.483 20.5 15.461 20.5 10V4.976a.25.25 0 0 0-.173-.237l-8.25-2.676a.253.253 0 0 0-.154 0Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">Security</div> Find and fix vulnerabilities </div> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description pb-lg-3" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"actions","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"actions_link_product_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/features/actions"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-workflow color-fg-subtle mr-3"> <path d="M1 3a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h6.5a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v6.5a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H7v4.063C7 16.355 7.644 17 8.438 17H12.5v-2.5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2H21a2 2 0 0 1 2 2V21a2 2 0 0 1-2 2h-6.5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-2.5H8.437A2.939 2.939 0 0 1 5.5 15.562V11.5H3a2 2 0 0 1-2-2Zm2-.5a.5.5 0 0 0-.5.5v6.5a.5.5 0 0 0 .5.5h6.5a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V3a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5ZM14.5 14a.5.5 0 0 0-.5.5V21a.5.5 0 0 0 .5.5H21a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5v-6.5a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">Actions</div> Automate any workflow </div> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description pb-lg-3" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"codespaces","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"codespaces_link_product_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/features/codespaces"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-codespaces color-fg-subtle mr-3"> <path d="M3.5 3.75C3.5 2.784 4.284 2 5.25 2h13.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 18.75 13H5.25a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.75-1.75Zm-2 12c0-.966.784-1.75 1.75-1.75h17.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v4a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.75 1.75H3.25a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.75-1.75ZM5.25 3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h13.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Zm-2 12a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v4c0 .138.112.25.25.25h17.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-4a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path><path d="M10 17.75a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h6.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-6.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75Zm-4 0a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">Codespaces</div> Instant dev environments </div> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description pb-lg-3" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"issues","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"issues_link_product_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/features/issues"> <svg aria-hidden="true" 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6.74a.75.75 0 0 1-.04 1.06l-2.908 2.7 2.908 2.7a.75.75 0 1 1-1.02 1.1l-3.5-3.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.1l3.5-3.25a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06.04Zm3.44 1.06a.75.75 0 1 1 1.02-1.1l3.5 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.1l-3.5 3.25a.75.75 0 1 1-1.02-1.1l2.908-2.7-2.908-2.7Z"></path><path d="M1.5 4.25c0-.966.784-1.75 1.75-1.75h17.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v12.5a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.75 1.75h-9.69l-3.573 3.573A1.458 1.458 0 0 1 5 21.043V18.5H3.25a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.75-1.75ZM3.25 4a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v12.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v3.19l3.72-3.72a.749.749 0 0 1 .53-.22h10a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25V4.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">Code Review</div> Manage code changes </div> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description pb-lg-3" 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2h16.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v16.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 20.25 22H3.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 20.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v16.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h16.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25V3.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">Code Search</div> Find more, search less </div> </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="HeaderMenu-column px-lg-4"> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 border-lg-bottom-0 border-bottom-0"> <span class="d-block h4 color-fg-default my-1" id="product-explore-heading">Explore</span> <ul class="list-style-none f5" aria-labelledby="product-explore-heading"> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"all_features","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"all_features_link_product_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/features"> All features </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative 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flex-items-center d-block d-lg-flex flex-lg-nowrap flex-lg-items-center js-details-container js-header-menu-item"> <button type="button" class="HeaderMenu-link border-0 width-full width-lg-auto px-0 px-lg-2 py-lg-2 no-wrap d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-between js-details-target" aria-expanded="false"> Open Source <svg opacity="0.5" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-chevron-down HeaderMenu-icon ml-1"> <path d="M12.78 5.22a.749.749 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.06 0L3.22 6.28a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06-1.06L8 8.939l3.72-3.719a.749.749 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path> </svg> </button> <div class="HeaderMenu-dropdown dropdown-menu rounded m-0 p-0 pt-2 pt-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n3 pb-2 pb-lg-4 px-lg-4"> <div class="HeaderMenu-column"> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 pb-lg-3 mb-3 mb-lg-0 mb-lg-3"> <ul class="list-style-none f5" > <li> <a 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d-lg-inline-flex no-underline border color-border-default rounded px-2 py-1" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"authentication.click","payload":{"location_in_page":"site header menu","repository_id":null,"auth_type":"SIGN_UP","originating_url":"https://github.com/google/GTMAppAuth","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="5e473dde819d7707147a642c49b9463a9caf014453bfc0351ee2cf75c15e3d9e" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Sign up","action":"click to sign up for account","label":"ref_page:/<user-name>/<repo-name>;ref_cta:Sign up;ref_loc:header logged out"}" > Sign up </a> <button type="button" class="sr-only js-header-menu-focus-trap d-block d-lg-none">Reseting focus</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div hidden="hidden" data-view-component="true" class="js-stale-session-flash stale-session-flash flash flash-warn flash-full"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert"> <path 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data-view-component="true" class="Button Button--iconOnly Button--invisible Button--medium flash-close js-flash-close"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x Button-visual"> <path d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.749.749 0 0 1 1.275.326.749.749 0 0 1-.215.734L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path> </svg> </button><tool-tip id="tooltip-619ac2ba-fc04-4122-a3b6-3e5253a49ec6" for="icon-button-0972eaac-89b4-4b35-9df8-c8b29577f9d3" popover="manual" data-direction="s" data-type="label" data-view-component="true" class="sr-only position-absolute">Dismiss alert</tool-tip> </div> </div> <div id="start-of-content" class="show-on-focus"></div> <div id="js-flash-container" class="flash-container" data-turbo-replace> <template 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data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"authentication.click","payload":{"location_in_page":"notification subscription menu watch","repository_id":null,"auth_type":"LOG_IN","originating_url":"https://github.com/google/GTMAppAuth","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="c8425a547b5112e9cd6f59b889a184ca8ed46601598fec657687b313fd815049" aria-label="You must be signed in to change notification settings" data-view-component="true" class="btn-sm btn"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-bell mr-2"> <path d="M8 16a2 2 0 0 0 1.985-1.75c.017-.137-.097-.25-.235-.25h-3.5c-.138 0-.252.113-.235.25A2 2 0 0 0 8 16ZM3 5a5 5 0 0 1 10 0v2.947c0 .05.015.098.042.139l1.703 2.555A1.519 1.519 0 0 1 13.482 13H2.518a1.516 1.516 0 0 1-1.263-2.36l1.703-2.554A.255.255 0 0 0 3 7.947Zm5-3.5A3.5 3.5 0 0 0 4.5 5v2.947c0 .346-.102.683-.294.97l-1.703 2.556a.017.017 0 0 0-.003.01l.001.006c0 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height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo-forked mr-2"> <path d="M5 5.372v.878c0 .414.336.75.75.75h4.5a.75.75 0 0 0 .75-.75v-.878a2.25 2.25 0 1 1 1.5 0v.878a2.25 2.25 0 0 1-2.25 2.25h-1.5v2.128a2.251 2.251 0 1 1-1.5 0V8.5h-1.5A2.25 2.25 0 0 1 3.5 6.25v-.878a2.25 2.25 0 1 1 1.5 0ZM5 3.25a.75.75 0 1 0-1.5 0 .75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0Zm6.75.75a.75.75 0 1 0 0-1.5.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5Zm-3 8.75a.75.75 0 1 0-1.5 0 .75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0Z"></path> </svg>Fork <span id="repo-network-counter" data-pjax-replace="true" data-turbo-replace="true" title="201" data-view-component="true" class="Counter">201</span> </a> </li> <li> <div data-view-component="true" class="BtnGroup d-flex"> <a href="/login?return_to=%2Fgoogle%2FGTMAppAuth" rel="nofollow" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"authentication.click","payload":{"location_in_page":"star button","repository_id":65241557,"auth_type":"LOG_IN","originating_url":"https://github.com/google/GTMAppAuth","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="44ee06f0f4dd65fa1d86bbc7f3cc410edcea42ba2e8623eb2f7865bc1390829f" aria-label="You must be signed in to star a repository" data-view-component="true" class="tooltipped tooltipped-sw btn-sm btn"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-star v-align-text-bottom d-inline-block mr-2"> <path d="M8 .25a.75.75 0 0 1 .673.418l1.882 3.815 4.21.612a.75.75 0 0 1 .416 1.279l-3.046 2.97.719 4.192a.751.751 0 0 1-1.088.791L8 12.347l-3.766 1.98a.75.75 0 0 1-1.088-.79l.72-4.194L.818 6.374a.75.75 0 0 1 .416-1.28l4.21-.611L7.327.668A.75.75 0 0 1 8 .25Zm0 2.445L6.615 5.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.564.41l-3.097.45 2.24 2.184a.75.75 0 0 1 .216.664l-.528 3.084 2.769-1.456a.75.75 0 0 1 .698 0l2.77 1.456-.53-3.084a.75.75 0 0 1 .216-.664l2.24-2.183-3.096-.45a.75.75 0 0 1-.564-.41L8 2.694Z"></path> </svg><span data-view-component="true" class="d-inline"> Star </span> <span id="repo-stars-counter-star" aria-label="391 users starred this repository" data-singular-suffix="user starred this repository" data-plural-suffix="users starred this repository" data-turbo-replace="true" title="391" data-view-component="true" class="Counter js-social-count">391</span> </a></div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="responsive-meta-container" data-turbo-replace> <div class="d-block d-md-none mb-2 px-3 px-md-4 px-lg-5"> <p class="f4 mb-3 "> Apple platforms SDK for using AppAuth with Google libraries. </p> <h3 class="sr-only">License</h3> <div class="mb-2"> <a href="/google/GTMAppAuth/blob/master/LICENSE" class="Link--muted" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Repository Overview","action":"click","label":"location:sidebar;file:license"}" > <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-law mr-2"> <path d="M8.75.75V2h.985c.304 0 .603.08.867.231l1.29.736c.038.022.08.033.124.033h2.234a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-.427l2.111 4.692a.75.75 0 0 1-.154.838l-.53-.53.529.531-.001.002-.002.002-.006.006-.006.005-.01.01-.045.04c-.21.176-.441.327-.686.45C14.556 10.78 13.88 11 13 11a4.498 4.498 0 0 1-2.023-.454 3.544 3.544 0 0 1-.686-.45l-.045-.04-.016-.015-.006-.006-.004-.004v-.001a.75.75 0 0 1-.154-.838L12.178 4.5h-.162c-.305 0-.604-.079-.868-.231l-1.29-.736a.245.245 0 0 0-.124-.033H8.75V13h2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-6.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h2.5V3.5h-.984a.245.245 0 0 0-.124.033l-1.289.737c-.265.15-.564.23-.869.23h-.162l2.112 4.692a.75.75 0 0 1-.154.838l-.53-.53.529.531-.001.002-.002.002-.006.006-.016.015-.045.04c-.21.176-.441.327-.686.45C4.556 10.78 3.88 11 3 11a4.498 4.498 0 0 1-2.023-.454 3.544 3.544 0 0 1-.686-.45l-.045-.04-.016-.015-.006-.006-.004-.004v-.001a.75.75 0 0 1-.154-.838L2.178 4.5H1.75a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h2.234a.249.249 0 0 0 .125-.033l1.288-.737c.265-.15.564-.23.869-.23h.984V.75a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0Zm2.945 8.477c.285.135.718.273 1.305.273s1.02-.138 1.305-.273L13 6.327Zm-10 0c.285.135.718.273 1.305.273s1.02-.138 1.305-.273L3 6.327Z"></path> </svg> Apache-2.0 license </a> </div> <div class="mb-3"> <a class="Link--secondary no-underline mr-3" href="/google/GTMAppAuth/stargazers"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-star mr-1"> <path d="M8 .25a.75.75 0 0 1 .673.418l1.882 3.815 4.21.612a.75.75 0 0 1 .416 1.279l-3.046 2.97.719 4.192a.751.751 0 0 1-1.088.791L8 12.347l-3.766 1.98a.75.75 0 0 1-1.088-.79l.72-4.194L.818 6.374a.75.75 0 0 1 .416-1.28l4.21-.611L7.327.668A.75.75 0 0 1 8 .25Zm0 2.445L6.615 5.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.564.41l-3.097.45 2.24 2.184a.75.75 0 0 1 .216.664l-.528 3.084 2.769-1.456a.75.75 0 0 1 .698 0l2.77 1.456-.53-3.084a.75.75 0 0 1 .216-.664l2.24-2.183-3.096-.45a.75.75 0 0 1-.564-.41L8 2.694Z"></path> </svg> <span class="text-bold">391</span> stars </a> <a class="Link--secondary no-underline mr-3" href="/google/GTMAppAuth/forks"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo-forked mr-1"> <path d="M5 5.372v.878c0 .414.336.75.75.75h4.5a.75.75 0 0 0 .75-.75v-.878a2.25 2.25 0 1 1 1.5 0v.878a2.25 2.25 0 0 1-2.25 2.25h-1.5v2.128a2.251 2.251 0 1 1-1.5 0V8.5h-1.5A2.25 2.25 0 0 1 3.5 6.25v-.878a2.25 2.25 0 1 1 1.5 0ZM5 3.25a.75.75 0 1 0-1.5 0 .75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0Zm6.75.75a.75.75 0 1 0 0-1.5.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5Zm-3 8.75a.75.75 0 1 0-1.5 0 .75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0Z"></path> </svg> <span class="text-bold">201</span> forks </a> <a class="Link--secondary no-underline mr-3 d-inline-block" href="/google/GTMAppAuth/branches"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-git-branch mr-1"> <path d="M9.5 3.25a2.25 2.25 0 1 1 3 2.122V6A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 10 8.5H6a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v1.128a2.251 2.251 0 1 1-1.5 0V5.372a2.25 2.25 0 1 1 1.5 0v1.836A2.493 2.493 0 0 1 6 7h4a1 1 0 0 0 1-1v-.628A2.25 2.25 0 0 1 9.5 3.25Zm-6 0a.75.75 0 1 0 1.5 0 .75.75 0 0 0-1.5 0Zm8.25-.75a.75.75 0 1 0 0 1.5.75.75 0 0 0 0-1.5ZM4.25 12a.75.75 0 1 0 0 1.5.75.75 0 0 0 0-1.5Z"></path> </svg> <span>Branches</span> </a> <a class="Link--secondary no-underline d-inline-block" href="/google/GTMAppAuth/tags"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-tag mr-1"> <path d="M1 7.775V2.75C1 1.784 1.784 1 2.75 1h5.025c.464 0 .91.184 1.238.513l6.25 6.25a1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 2.474l-5.026 5.026a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-2.474 0l-6.25-6.25A1.752 1.752 0 0 1 1 7.775Zm1.5 0c0 .066.026.13.073.177l6.25 6.25a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l5.025-5.025a.25.25 0 0 0 0-.354l-6.25-6.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.177-.073H2.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25ZM6 5a1 1 0 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 1 0-2Z"></path> </svg> <span>Tags</span> </a> <a class="Link--secondary no-underline d-inline-block" 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data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"authentication.click","payload":{"location_in_page":"notification subscription menu watch","repository_id":null,"auth_type":"LOG_IN","originating_url":"https://github.com/google/GTMAppAuth","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="c8425a547b5112e9cd6f59b889a184ca8ed46601598fec657687b313fd815049" aria-label="You must be signed in to change notification settings" data-view-component="true" class="btn-sm btn btn-block"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-bell mr-2"> <path d="M8 16a2 2 0 0 0 1.985-1.75c.017-.137-.097-.25-.235-.25h-3.5c-.138 0-.252.113-.235.25A2 2 0 0 0 8 16ZM3 5a5 5 0 0 1 10 0v2.947c0 .05.015.098.042.139l1.703 2.555A1.519 1.519 0 0 1 13.482 13H2.518a1.516 1.516 0 0 1-1.263-2.36l1.703-2.554A.255.255 0 0 0 3 7.947Zm5-3.5A3.5 3.5 0 0 0 4.5 5v2.947c0 .346-.102.683-.294.97l-1.703 2.556a.017.017 0 0 0-.003.01l.001.006c0 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href="/google/GTMAppAuth/projects" data-tab-item="i4projects-tab" data-selected-links="repo_projects new_repo_project repo_project /google/GTMAppAuth/projects" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container" data-turbo-frame="repo-content-turbo-frame" data-hotkey="g b" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Underline navbar","action":"Click tab","label":"Projects","target":"UNDERLINE_NAV.TAB"}" data-view-component="true" class="UnderlineNav-item no-wrap js-responsive-underlinenav-item js-selected-navigation-item"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-table UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path d="M0 1.75C0 .784.784 0 1.75 0h12.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 16H1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 14.25ZM6.5 6.5v8h7.75a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25V6.5Zm8-1.5V1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25H6.5V5Zm-13 1.5v7.75c0 .138.112.25.25.25H5v-8ZM5 5V1.5H1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25V5Z"></path> </svg> <span data-content="Projects">Projects</span> <span id="projects-repo-tab-count" data-pjax-replace="" data-turbo-replace="" title="0" hidden="hidden" data-view-component="true" class="Counter">0</span> </a></li> <li data-view-component="true" class="d-inline-flex"> <a id="security-tab" href="/google/GTMAppAuth/security" data-tab-item="i5security-tab" data-selected-links="security overview alerts policy token_scanning code_scanning /google/GTMAppAuth/security" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container" data-turbo-frame="repo-content-turbo-frame" data-hotkey="g s" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Underline navbar","action":"Click tab","label":"Security","target":"UNDERLINE_NAV.TAB"}" data-view-component="true" class="UnderlineNav-item no-wrap js-responsive-underlinenav-item js-selected-navigation-item"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-shield UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path d="M7.467.133a1.748 1.748 0 0 1 1.066 0l5.25 1.68A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 15 3.48V7c0 1.566-.32 3.182-1.303 4.682-.983 1.498-2.585 2.813-5.032 3.855a1.697 1.697 0 0 1-1.33 0c-2.447-1.042-4.049-2.357-5.032-3.855C1.32 10.182 1 8.566 1 7V3.48a1.75 1.75 0 0 1 1.217-1.667Zm.61 1.429a.25.25 0 0 0-.153 0l-5.25 1.68a.25.25 0 0 0-.174.238V7c0 1.358.275 2.666 1.057 3.86.784 1.194 2.121 2.34 4.366 3.297a.196.196 0 0 0 .154 0c2.245-.956 3.582-2.104 4.366-3.298C13.225 9.666 13.5 8.36 13.5 7V3.48a.251.251 0 0 0-.174-.237l-5.25-1.68ZM8.75 4.75v3a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0v-3a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0ZM9 10.5a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0Z"></path> </svg> <span data-content="Security">Security</span> <include-fragment src="/google/GTMAppAuth/security/overall-count" accept="text/fragment+html"></include-fragment> </a></li> <li data-view-component="true" class="d-inline-flex"> <a id="insights-tab" href="/google/GTMAppAuth/pulse" data-tab-item="i6insights-tab" data-selected-links="repo_graphs repo_contributors dependency_graph 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aria-labelledby="action-menu-582bdba0-e79f-498d-81fd-d45e6264a95a-button" id="action-menu-582bdba0-e79f-498d-81fd-d45e6264a95a-list" role="menu" data-view-component="true" class="ActionListWrap--inset ActionListWrap"> <li hidden="hidden" data-menu-item="i0code-tab" data-targets="action-list.items" role="none" data-view-component="true" class="ActionListItem"> <a tabindex="-1" id="item-a428bb86-c174-4a33-943d-9f5c47d9ea9c" href="/google/GTMAppAuth" role="menuitem" data-view-component="true" class="ActionListContent ActionListContent--visual16"> <span class="ActionListItem-visual ActionListItem-visual--leading"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-code"> <path d="m11.28 3.22 4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.275-.326.749.749 0 0 1 .215-.734L13.94 8l-3.72-3.72a.749.749 0 0 1 .326-1.275.749.749 0 0 1 .734.215Zm-6.56 0a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042L2.06 8l3.72 3.72a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215L.47 8.53a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path> </svg> </span> <span data-view-component="true" class="ActionListItem-label"> Code </span> </a> </li> <li hidden="hidden" data-menu-item="i1issues-tab" data-targets="action-list.items" role="none" data-view-component="true" class="ActionListItem"> <a tabindex="-1" id="item-98379027-51ad-421b-8ece-52c62ad39ffe" href="/google/GTMAppAuth/issues" role="menuitem" data-view-component="true" class="ActionListContent ActionListContent--visual16"> <span class="ActionListItem-visual ActionListItem-visual--leading"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-issue-opened"> <path d="M8 9.5a1.5 1.5 0 1 0 0-3 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 3Z"></path><path d="M8 0a8 8 0 1 1 0 16A8 8 0 0 1 8 0ZM1.5 8a6.5 6.5 0 1 0 13 0 6.5 6.5 0 0 0-13 0Z"></path> </svg> </span> <span data-view-component="true" class="ActionListItem-label"> 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0 0 0-1.5 0Z"></path> </svg> </span> <span data-view-component="true" class="ActionListItem-label"> Pull requests </span> </a> </li> <li hidden="hidden" data-menu-item="i3actions-tab" data-targets="action-list.items" role="none" data-view-component="true" class="ActionListItem"> <a tabindex="-1" id="item-4d2931ef-501e-4951-9ccf-69b333cdd48b" href="/google/GTMAppAuth/actions" role="menuitem" data-view-component="true" class="ActionListContent ActionListContent--visual16"> <span class="ActionListItem-visual ActionListItem-visual--leading"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-play"> <path d="M8 0a8 8 0 1 1 0 16A8 8 0 0 1 8 0ZM1.5 8a6.5 6.5 0 1 0 13 0 6.5 6.5 0 0 0-13 0Zm4.879-2.773 4.264 2.559a.25.25 0 0 1 0 .428l-4.264 2.559A.25.25 0 0 1 6 10.559V5.442a.25.25 0 0 1 .379-.215Z"></path> </svg> </span> <span data-view-component="true" class="ActionListItem-label"> Actions </span> </a> </li> <li 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0-.174-.237l-5.25-1.68ZM8.75 4.75v3a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0v-3a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0ZM9 10.5a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0Z"></path> </svg> </span> <span data-view-component="true" class="ActionListItem-label"> Security </span> </a> </li> <li hidden="hidden" data-menu-item="i6insights-tab" data-targets="action-list.items" role="none" data-view-component="true" class="ActionListItem"> <a tabindex="-1" id="item-276023d8-3cbc-492e-9bfd-14238a8d0681" href="/google/GTMAppAuth/pulse" role="menuitem" data-view-component="true" class="ActionListContent ActionListContent--visual16"> <span class="ActionListItem-visual ActionListItem-visual--leading"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-graph"> <path d="M1.5 1.75V13.5h13.75a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5H.75a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75V1.75a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0Zm14.28 2.53-5.25 5.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L7 7.06 4.28 9.78a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042l3.25-3.25a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L10 7.94l4.72-4.72a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042Z"></path> </svg> </span> <span data-view-component="true" class="ActionListItem-label"> Insights </span> </a> </li> </ul> </div></action-list> </div> </div></anchored-position> </focus-group> </action-menu></div> </nav> </div> <turbo-frame id="repo-content-turbo-frame" target="_top" data-turbo-action="advance" class=""> <div id="repo-content-pjax-container" class="repository-content " > <h1 class='sr-only'>google/GTMAppAuth</h1> <div class="clearfix container-xl px-md-4 px-lg-5 px-3"> <div> <div style="max-width: 100%" data-view-component="true" class="Layout Layout--flowRow-until-md react-repos-overview-margin Layout--sidebarPosition-end Layout--sidebarPosition-flowRow-end"> <div data-view-component="true" class="Layout-main"> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" type="application/javascript" 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src=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/12bd72c80d111347187b0439d3b931ddfb85870947be5e29dbadf95120c3a74e/68747470733a2f2f696d672e736869656c64732e696f2f636f636f61706f64732f762f47544d417070417574682e7376673f7374796c653d666c6174\" alt=\"Version\" data-canonical-src=\"https://img.shields.io/cocoapods/v/GTMAppAuth.svg?style=flat\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https://cocoapods.org/pods/GTMAppAuth\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/fbe53e45653b194c43df1435c3ddf356911f91df77a294e2fd8339e4849fe86c/68747470733a2f2f696d672e736869656c64732e696f2f636f636f61706f64732f702f47544d417070417574682e7376673f7374796c653d666c6174\" alt=\"Platform\" data-canonical-src=\"https://img.shields.io/cocoapods/p/GTMAppAuth.svg?style=flat\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https://cocoapods.org/pods/GTMAppAuth\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/1d879fdd50c5c56a912bf83d95a11a1e0b9058fb721fdf82f4f50a7c5135a337/68747470733a2f2f696d672e736869656c64732e696f2f636f636f61706f64732f6c2f47544d417070417574682e7376673f7374796c653d666c6174\" alt=\"License\" data-canonical-src=\"https://img.shields.io/cocoapods/l/GTMAppAuth.svg?style=flat\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/google/GTMAppAuth/actions/workflows/tests.yml\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://github.com/google/GTMAppAuth/actions/workflows/tests.yml/badge.svg?event=push\" alt=\"tests\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eGTMAppAuth for Apple Platforms\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-gtmappauth-for-apple-platforms\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: GTMAppAuth for Apple Platforms\" href=\"#gtmappauth-for-apple-platforms\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eGTMAppAuth enables you to use \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/openid/AppAuth-iOS\"\u003eAppAuth\u003c/a\u003e\nwith the\n\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/google/gtm-session-fetcher\"\u003eGoogle Toolbox for Mac - Session Fetcher\u003c/a\u003e\nand\n\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/google/google-api-objectivec-client-for-rest\"\u003eGoogle APIs Client Library for Objective-C For REST\u003c/a\u003e\nlibraries on iOS, macOS, tvOS, and watchOS by providing an implementation of\n\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/google/gtm-session-fetcher/blob/2a3b5264108e80d62003b770ff02eb7364ff1365/Source/GTMSessionFetcher.h#L660\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eGTMFetcherAuthorizationProtocol\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\nfor authorizing requests with AppAuth.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eGTMAppAuth is an alternative authorizer to \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/google/gtm-oauth2\"\u003eGTMOAuth2\u003c/a\u003e\n. The key differentiator is the use of the user's default browser for the\nauthorization, which is more secure, more usable (the user's session can be\nreused) and follows modern OAuth \u003ca href=\"https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8252\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ebest practices for native apps\u003c/a\u003e.\nCompatibility methods for GTMOAuth2 are offered allowing you to migrate\nfrom GTMOAuth2 to GTMAppAuth preserving previously serialized authorizations\n(so users shouldn't need to re-authenticate).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eSetup\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-setup\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Setup\" href=\"#setup\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIf you use \u003ca href=\"https://guides.cocoapods.org/using/getting-started.html\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eCocoaPods\u003c/a\u003e,\nsimply add:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"pod 'GTMAppAuth'\"\u003e\u003cpre class=\"notranslate\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003epod 'GTMAppAuth'\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eTo your \u003ccode\u003ePodfile\u003c/code\u003e and run \u003ccode\u003epod install\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eUsage\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-usage\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Usage\" href=\"#usage\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eConfiguration\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-configuration\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Configuration\" href=\"#configuration\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eTo configure GTMAppAuth with the OAuth endpoints for Google, you can use the\nconvenience method:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-objc notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"OIDServiceConfiguration *configuration = [GTMAuthSession configurationForGoogle];\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003eOIDServiceConfiguration *configuration = [GTMAuthSession \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003econfigurationForGoogle\u003c/span\u003e];\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAlternatively, you can configure GTMAppAuth by specifying the endpoints\ndirectly:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-objc notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"NSURL *authorizationEndpoint =\n [NSURL URLWithString:@\u0026quot;https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/v2/auth\u0026quot;];\nNSURL *tokenEndpoint =\n [NSURL URLWithString:@\u0026quot;https://www.googleapis.com/oauth2/v4/token\u0026quot;];\n\nOIDServiceConfiguration *configuration =\n [[OIDServiceConfiguration alloc]\n initWithAuthorizationEndpoint:authorizationEndpoint\n tokenEndpoint:tokenEndpoint];\n\n// perform the auth request...\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eNSURL\u003c/span\u003e *authorizationEndpoint =\n [\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eNSURL\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eURLWithString:\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e@\"\u003c/span\u003ehttps://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/v2/auth\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e];\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eNSURL\u003c/span\u003e *tokenEndpoint =\n [\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eNSURL\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eURLWithString:\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e@\"\u003c/span\u003ehttps://www.googleapis.com/oauth2/v4/token\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e];\n\nOIDServiceConfiguration *configuration =\n [[OIDServiceConfiguration \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ealloc\u003c/span\u003e]\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003einitWithAuthorizationEndpoint:\u003c/span\u003eauthorizationEndpoint\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003etokenEndpoint:\u003c/span\u003etokenEndpoint];\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e//\u003c/span\u003e perform the auth request...\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eOr through discovery:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-objc notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"NSURL *issuer = [NSURL URLWithString:@\u0026quot;https://accounts.google.com\u0026quot;];\n\n[OIDAuthorizationService discoverServiceConfigurationForIssuer:issuer\n completion:^(OIDServiceConfiguration *_Nullable configuration,\n NSError *_Nullable error) {\n if (!configuration) {\n NSLog(@\u0026quot;Error retrieving discovery document: %@\u0026quot;,\n [error localizedDescription]);\n return;\n }\n\n // perform the auth request...\n}];\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eNSURL\u003c/span\u003e *issuer = [\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eNSURL\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eURLWithString:\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e@\"\u003c/span\u003ehttps://accounts.google.com\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e];\n\n[OIDAuthorizationService \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ediscoverServiceConfigurationForIssuer:\u003c/span\u003eissuer\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ecompletion:\u003c/span\u003e^(OIDServiceConfiguration *_Nullable configuration,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eNSError\u003c/span\u003e *_Nullable error) {\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eif\u003c/span\u003e (!configuration) {\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eNSLog\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e@\"\u003c/span\u003eError retrieving discovery document: \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e%@\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e,\n [error \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003elocalizedDescription\u003c/span\u003e]);\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003ereturn\u003c/span\u003e;\n }\n\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e//\u003c/span\u003e perform the auth request...\u003c/span\u003e\n}];\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eAuthorizing\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-authorizing\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Authorizing\" href=\"#authorizing\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFirst, you need to have a way for your UIApplicationDelegate to continue the\nauthorization flow session from the incoming redirect URI. Typically you could\nstore the in-progress OIDAuthorizationFlowSession instance in a property:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-objc notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"// property of the app's UIApplicationDelegate\n@property(nonatomic, nullable)\n id\u0026lt;OIDExternalUserAgentSession\u0026gt; currentAuthorizationFlow;\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e//\u003c/span\u003e property of the app's UIApplicationDelegate\u003c/span\u003e\n@property(nonatomic, nullable)\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eid\u003c/span\u003e\u0026lt;OIDExternalUserAgentSession\u0026gt; currentAuthorizationFlow;\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAnd in a location accessible by all controllers that need authorization, a\nproperty to store the authorization state:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-objc notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"// property of the containing class\n@property(nonatomic, nullable) GTMAuthSession *authSession;\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e//\u003c/span\u003e property of the containing class\u003c/span\u003e\n@property(nonatomic, nullable) GTMAuthSession *authSession;\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThen, initiate the authorization request. By using the\n\u003ccode\u003eauthStateByPresentingAuthorizationRequest\u003c/code\u003e method, the OAuth token\nexchange will be performed automatically, and everything will be protected with\nPKCE (if the server supports it).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-objc notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"// builds authentication request\nOIDAuthorizationRequest *request =\n [[OIDAuthorizationRequest alloc] initWithConfiguration:configuration\n clientId:kClientID\n clientSecret:kClientSecret\n scopes:@[OIDScopeOpenID, OIDScopeProfile]\n redirectURL:redirectURI\n responseType:OIDResponseTypeCode\n additionalParameters:nil];\n// performs authentication request\nself.appDelegate.currentAuthorizationFlow =\n [OIDAuthState authStateByPresentingAuthorizationRequest:request\n callback:^(OIDAuthState *_Nullable authState,\n NSError *_Nullable error) {\n if (authState) {\n // Creates a GTMAuthSession from the OIDAuthState.\n self.authSession = [[GTMAuthSession alloc] initWithAuthState:authState];\n NSLog(@\u0026quot;Got authorization tokens. Access token: %@\u0026quot;,\n authState.lastTokenResponse.accessToken);\n } else {\n NSLog(@\u0026quot;Authorization error: %@\u0026quot;, [error localizedDescription]);\n self.authSession = nil;\n }\n}];\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e//\u003c/span\u003e builds authentication request\u003c/span\u003e\nOIDAuthorizationRequest *request =\n [[OIDAuthorizationRequest \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ealloc\u003c/span\u003e] \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003einitWithConfiguration:\u003c/span\u003econfiguration\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eclientId:\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ekClientID\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eclientSecret:\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ekClientSecret\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003escopes:\u003c/span\u003e@[OIDScopeOpenID, OIDScopeProfile]\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eredirectURL:\u003c/span\u003eredirectURI\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eresponseType:\u003c/span\u003eOIDResponseTypeCode\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eadditionalParameters:\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003enil\u003c/span\u003e];\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e//\u003c/span\u003e performs authentication request\u003c/span\u003e\nself.appDelegate.currentAuthorizationFlow =\n [OIDAuthState \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eauthStateByPresentingAuthorizationRequest:\u003c/span\u003erequest\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ecallback:\u003c/span\u003e^(OIDAuthState *_Nullable authState,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eNSError\u003c/span\u003e *_Nullable error) {\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eif\u003c/span\u003e (authState) {\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e//\u003c/span\u003e Creates a GTMAuthSession from the OIDAuthState.\u003c/span\u003e\n self.\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eauthSession\u003c/span\u003e = [[GTMAuthSession \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ealloc\u003c/span\u003e] \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003einitWithAuthState:\u003c/span\u003eauthState];\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eNSLog\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e@\"\u003c/span\u003eGot authorization tokens. Access token: \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e%@\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e,\n authState.\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003elastTokenResponse\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eaccessToken\u003c/span\u003e);\n } \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eelse\u003c/span\u003e {\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eNSLog\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e@\"\u003c/span\u003eAuthorization error: \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e%@\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e, [error \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003elocalizedDescription\u003c/span\u003e]);\n self.\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eauthSession\u003c/span\u003e = \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003enil\u003c/span\u003e;\n }\n}];\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eHandling the Redirect\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-handling-the-redirect\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Handling the Redirect\" href=\"#handling-the-redirect\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe authorization response URL is returned to the app via the platform-specific\napplication delegate method, so you need to pipe this through to the current\nauthorization session (created in the previous session).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003emacOS Custom URI Scheme Redirect Example\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-macos-custom-uri-scheme-redirect-example\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: macOS Custom URI Scheme Redirect Example\" href=\"#macos-custom-uri-scheme-redirect-example\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-objc notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"- (void)applicationDidFinishLaunching:(NSNotification *)aNotification {\n // Other app initialization code ...\n\n // Register for GetURL events.\n NSAppleEventManager *appleEventManager =\n [NSAppleEventManager sharedAppleEventManager];\n [appleEventManager setEventHandler:self\n andSelector:@selector(handleGetURLEvent:withReplyEvent:)\n forEventClass:kInternetEventClass\n andEventID:kAEGetURL];\n}\n\n- (void)handleGetURLEvent:(NSAppleEventDescriptor *)event\n withReplyEvent:(NSAppleEventDescriptor *)replyEvent {\n NSString *URLString = [[event paramDescriptorForKeyword:keyDirectObject] stringValue];\n NSURL *URL = [NSURL URLWithString:URLString];\n [_currentAuthorizationFlow resumeExternalUserAgentFlowWithURL:URL];\n}\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e- (\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003evoid\u003c/span\u003e)applicationDidFinishLaunching:(\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eNSNotification\u003c/span\u003e *)aNotification {\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e//\u003c/span\u003e Other app initialization code ...\u003c/span\u003e\n\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e//\u003c/span\u003e Register for GetURL events.\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eNSAppleEventManager\u003c/span\u003e *appleEventManager =\n [\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eNSAppleEventManager\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003esharedAppleEventManager\u003c/span\u003e];\n [appleEventManager \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003esetEventHandler:\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eself\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eandSelector:\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003e@selector\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ehandleGetURLEvent:withReplyEvent:\u003c/span\u003e)\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eforEventClass:\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ekInternetEventClass\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eandEventID:\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ekAEGetURL\u003c/span\u003e];\n}\n\n- (\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003evoid\u003c/span\u003e)handleGetURLEvent:(\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eNSAppleEventDescriptor\u003c/span\u003e *)event\n withReplyEvent:(\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eNSAppleEventDescriptor\u003c/span\u003e *)replyEvent {\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eNSString\u003c/span\u003e *URLString = [[event \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eparamDescriptorForKeyword:\u003c/span\u003ekeyDirectObject] \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003estringValue\u003c/span\u003e];\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eNSURL\u003c/span\u003e *URL = [\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eNSURL\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eURLWithString:\u003c/span\u003eURLString];\n [_currentAuthorizationFlow \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eresumeExternalUserAgentFlowWithURL:\u003c/span\u003eURL];\n}\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eiOS Custom URI Scheme Redirect Example\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-ios-custom-uri-scheme-redirect-example\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: iOS Custom URI Scheme Redirect Example\" href=\"#ios-custom-uri-scheme-redirect-example\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-objc notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)app\n openURL:(NSURL *)url\n options:(NSDictionary\u0026lt;NSString *, id\u0026gt; *)options {\n // Sends the URL to the current authorization flow (if any) which will\n // process it if it relates to an authorization response.\n if ([_currentAuthorizationFlow resumeExternalUserAgentFlowWithURL:url]) {\n _currentAuthorizationFlow = nil;\n return YES;\n }\n\n // Your additional URL handling (if any) goes here.\n\n return NO;\n}\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e- (\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eBOOL\u003c/span\u003e)application:(UIApplication *)app\n openURL:(\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eNSURL\u003c/span\u003e *)url\n options:(\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eNSDictionary\u003c/span\u003e\u0026lt;\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eNSString\u003c/span\u003e *, \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eid\u003c/span\u003e\u0026gt; *)options {\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e//\u003c/span\u003e Sends the URL to the current authorization flow (if any) which will\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e//\u003c/span\u003e process it if it relates to an authorization response.\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eif\u003c/span\u003e ([_currentAuthorizationFlow \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eresumeExternalUserAgentFlowWithURL:\u003c/span\u003eurl]) {\n _currentAuthorizationFlow = \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003enil\u003c/span\u003e;\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003ereturn\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eYES\u003c/span\u003e;\n }\n\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e//\u003c/span\u003e Your additional URL handling (if any) goes here.\u003c/span\u003e\n\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003ereturn\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eNO\u003c/span\u003e;\n}\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eMaking API Calls\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-making-api-calls\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Making API Calls\" href=\"#making-api-calls\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe goal of GTMAppAuth is to enable you to authorize HTTP requests with fresh\ntokens following the Session Fetcher pattern, which you can do like so:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-objc notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"// Creates a GTMSessionFetcherService with the authorization.\n// Normally you would save this service object and re-use it for all REST API calls.\nGTMSessionFetcherService *fetcherService = [[GTMSessionFetcherService alloc] init];\nfetcherService.authorizer = self.authSession;\n\n// Creates a fetcher for the API call.\nNSURL *userinfoEndpoint = [NSURL URLWithString:@\u0026quot;https://www.googleapis.com/oauth2/v3/userinfo\u0026quot;];\nGTMSessionFetcher *fetcher = [fetcherService fetcherWithURL:userinfoEndpoint];\n[fetcher beginFetchWithCompletionHandler:^(NSData *data, NSError *error) {\n // Checks for an error.\n if (error) {\n // OIDOAuthTokenErrorDomain indicates an issue with the authorization.\n if ([error.domain isEqual:OIDOAuthTokenErrorDomain]) {\n self.authSession = nil;\n NSLog(@\u0026quot;Authorization error during token refresh, clearing state. %@\u0026quot;,\n error);\n // Other errors are assumed transient.\n } else {\n NSLog(@\u0026quot;Transient error during token refresh. %@\u0026quot;, error);\n }\n return;\n }\n\n // Parses the JSON response.\n NSError *jsonError = nil;\n id jsonDictionaryOrArray =\n [NSJSONSerialization JSONObjectWithData:data options:0 error:\u0026amp;jsonError];\n\n // JSON error.\n if (jsonError) {\n NSLog(@\u0026quot;JSON decoding error %@\u0026quot;, jsonError);\n return;\n }\n\n // Success response!\n NSLog(@\u0026quot;Success: %@\u0026quot;, jsonDictionaryOrArray);\n}];\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e//\u003c/span\u003e Creates a GTMSessionFetcherService with the authorization.\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e//\u003c/span\u003e Normally you would save this service object and re-use it for all REST API calls.\u003c/span\u003e\nGTMSessionFetcherService *fetcherService = [[GTMSessionFetcherService \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ealloc\u003c/span\u003e] \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003einit\u003c/span\u003e];\nfetcherService.authorizer = self.authSession;\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e//\u003c/span\u003e Creates a fetcher for the API call.\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eNSURL\u003c/span\u003e *userinfoEndpoint = [\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eNSURL\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eURLWithString:\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e@\"\u003c/span\u003ehttps://www.googleapis.com/oauth2/v3/userinfo\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e];\nGTMSessionFetcher *fetcher = [fetcherService \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003efetcherWithURL:\u003c/span\u003euserinfoEndpoint];\n[fetcher \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ebeginFetchWithCompletionHandler:\u003c/span\u003e^(\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eNSData\u003c/span\u003e *data, \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eNSError\u003c/span\u003e *error) {\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e//\u003c/span\u003e Checks for an error.\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eif\u003c/span\u003e (error) {\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e//\u003c/span\u003e OIDOAuthTokenErrorDomain indicates an issue with the authorization.\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eif\u003c/span\u003e ([error.domain \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eisEqual:\u003c/span\u003eOIDOAuthTokenErrorDomain]) {\n self.\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eauthSession\u003c/span\u003e = \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003enil\u003c/span\u003e;\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eNSLog\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e@\"\u003c/span\u003eAuthorization error during token refresh, clearing state. \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e%@\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e,\n error);\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e//\u003c/span\u003e Other errors are assumed transient.\u003c/span\u003e\n } \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eelse\u003c/span\u003e {\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eNSLog\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e@\"\u003c/span\u003eTransient error during token refresh. \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e%@\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e, error);\n }\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003ereturn\u003c/span\u003e;\n }\n\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e//\u003c/span\u003e Parses the JSON response.\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eNSError\u003c/span\u003e *jsonError = \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003enil\u003c/span\u003e;\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eid\u003c/span\u003e jsonDictionaryOrArray =\n [\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eNSJSONSerialization\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eJSONObjectWithData:\u003c/span\u003edata \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eoptions:\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eerror:\u003c/span\u003e\u0026amp;jsonError];\n\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e//\u003c/span\u003e JSON error.\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eif\u003c/span\u003e (jsonError) {\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eNSLog\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e@\"\u003c/span\u003eJSON decoding error \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e%@\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e, jsonError);\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003ereturn\u003c/span\u003e;\n }\n\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e//\u003c/span\u003e Success response!\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eNSLog\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e@\"\u003c/span\u003eSuccess: \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e%@\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e, jsonDictionaryOrArray);\n}];\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eSaving to the Keychain\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-saving-to-the-keychain\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Saving to the Keychain\" href=\"#saving-to-the-keychain\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eYou can easily save \u003ccode\u003eGTMAuthSession\u003c/code\u003e instances to the Keychain using the \u003ccode\u003eGTMKeychainStore\u003c/code\u003e class.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-objc notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"// Create a GIDKeychainStore instance, intializing it with the Keychain item name `kKeychainItemName`\n// which will be used when saving, retrieving, and removing `GTMAuthSession` instances.\nGIDKeychainStore *keychainStore = [[GIDKeychainStore alloc] initWithItemName:kKeychainItemName];\n \nNSError *error;\n\n// Save to the Keychain\n[keychainStore saveAuthSession:self.authSession error:\u0026amp;error];\nif (error) {\n // Handle error\n}\n\n// Retrieve from the Keychain\nself.authSession = [keychainStore retrieveAuthSessionWithError:\u0026amp;error];\nif (error) {\n // Handle error\n}\n\n// Remove from the Keychain\n[keychainStore removeAuthSessionWithError:\u0026amp;error];\nif (error) {\n // Handle error\n}\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e//\u003c/span\u003e Create a GIDKeychainStore instance, intializing it with the Keychain item name `kKeychainItemName`\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e//\u003c/span\u003e which will be used when saving, retrieving, and removing `GTMAuthSession` instances.\u003c/span\u003e\nGIDKeychainStore *keychainStore = [[GIDKeychainStore \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ealloc\u003c/span\u003e] \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003einitWithItemName:\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ekKeychainItemName\u003c/span\u003e];\n \n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eNSError\u003c/span\u003e *error;\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e//\u003c/span\u003e Save to the Keychain\u003c/span\u003e\n[keychainStore \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003esaveAuthSession:\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eself\u003c/span\u003e.authSession \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eerror:\u003c/span\u003e\u0026amp;error];\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eif\u003c/span\u003e (error) {\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e//\u003c/span\u003e Handle error\u003c/span\u003e\n}\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e//\u003c/span\u003e Retrieve from the Keychain\u003c/span\u003e\nself.authSession = [keychainStore \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eretrieveAuthSessionWithError:\u003c/span\u003e\u0026amp;error];\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eif\u003c/span\u003e (error) {\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e//\u003c/span\u003e Handle error\u003c/span\u003e\n}\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e//\u003c/span\u003e Remove from the Keychain\u003c/span\u003e\n[keychainStore \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eremoveAuthSessionWithError:\u003c/span\u003e\u0026amp;error];\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eif\u003c/span\u003e (error) {\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e//\u003c/span\u003e Handle error\u003c/span\u003e\n}\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eKeychain Storage\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-keychain-storage\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Keychain Storage\" href=\"#keychain-storage\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eWith \u003ccode\u003eGTMKeychainStore\u003c/code\u003e, by default, \u003ccode\u003eGTMAuthSession\u003c/code\u003e instances are stored using Keychain items of the\n\u003ca href=\"https://developer.apple.com/documentation/security/ksecclassgenericpassword?language=objc\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003ekSecClassGenericPassword\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\nclass with a \u003ca href=\"https://developer.apple.com/documentation/security/ksecattraccount?language=objc\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003ekSecAttrAccount\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\nvalue of \"OAuth\" and a developer supplied value for \u003ca href=\"https://developer.apple.com/documentation/security/ksecattrservice?language=objc\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003ekSecAttrService\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e.\nFor this use of generic password items, the combination of account and service\nvalues acts as the\n\u003ca href=\"https://developer.apple.com/documentation/security/1542001-security_framework_result_codes/errsecduplicateitem?language=objc\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eprimary key\u003c/a\u003e\nof the Keychain items. The\n\u003ca href=\"https://developer.apple.com/documentation/security/ksecattraccessible?language=objc\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003ekSecAttrAccessible\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\nkey is set to\n\u003ca href=\"https://developer.apple.com/documentation/security/ksecattraccessibleafterfirstunlockthisdeviceonly?language=objc\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003ekSecAttrAccessibleAfterFirstUnlockThisDeviceOnly\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\nin order to allow background access after initial device unlock following a\nrestart. A \u003ca href=\"https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nskeyedarchiver?language=objc\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ekeyed archive\u003c/a\u003e\nrepresentation of the relevant \u003ccode\u003eGTMAuthSession\u003c/code\u003e instance is supplied as the value for\n\u003ca href=\"https://developer.apple.com/documentation/security/ksecvaluedata?language=objc\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003ekSecValueData\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\nand this is encrypted and stored by\n\u003ca href=\"https://developer.apple.com/documentation/security/keychain_services?language=objc\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eKeychain Services\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFor macOS, two Keychain storage options are available: the traditional file-based Keychain storage\nwhich uses access control lists and the more modern \u003ca href=\"https://developer.apple.com/documentation/security/ksecusedataprotectionkeychain?language=objc\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003edata protection keychain storage\u003c/a\u003e\nwhich uses Keychain access control groups. By default, GTMAppAuth uses the file-based Keychain storage on macOS. You may opt\ninto using data protection keychain storage by including the \u003ccode\u003eGTMKeychainAttribute.useDataProtectionKeychain\u003c/code\u003e attribute\nin the \u003ccode\u003ekeychainAttributes\u003c/code\u003e parameter of \u003ccode\u003einitWithItemName:keychainAttributes:\u003c/code\u003e when initializing \u003ccode\u003eGTMKeychainStore\u003c/code\u003e.\nNote that Keychain items stored via one storage type will not be available via the other and macOS apps that choose\nto use the data protection Keychain will need to be signed in order for Keychain operations to succeed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eImplementing Your Own Storage\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-implementing-your-own-storage\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Implementing Your Own Storage\" href=\"#implementing-your-own-storage\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIf you'd like to use a backing store other than the Keychain to save your \u003ccode\u003eGTMAuthSession\u003c/code\u003e\ninstances, you can create your own \u003ccode\u003eGTMAuthSessionStore\u003c/code\u003e conformance. Use \u003ccode\u003eGTMKeychainStore\u003c/code\u003e as an\nexample of how to do this.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eGTMOAuth2 Compatibility\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-gtmoauth2-compatibility\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: GTMOAuth2 Compatibility\" href=\"#gtmoauth2-compatibility\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eTo assist the migration from GTMOAuth2 to GTMAppAuth, GTMOAuth2-compatible Keychain methods are provided in \u003ccode\u003eGTMKeychainStore\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-objc notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"GTMKeychainStore keychainStore = [[GTMKeychainStore alloc] initWithItemName:kKeychainItemName];\n\n// Retrieve from the Keychain\nNSError *error;\nGTMAuthSession *authSession =\n [keychainStore retrieveAuthSessionForGoogleInGTMOAuth2FormatWithClientID:clientID\n clientSecret:clientSecret\n error:\u0026amp;error];\n\n// Remove from the Keychain\n[keychainStore removeAuthSessionWithError:\u0026amp;error];\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003eGTMKeychainStore keychainStore = [[GTMKeychainStore \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ealloc\u003c/span\u003e] \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003einitWithItemName:\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ekKeychainItemName\u003c/span\u003e];\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e//\u003c/span\u003e Retrieve from the Keychain\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eNSError\u003c/span\u003e *error;\nGTMAuthSession *authSession =\n [keychainStore \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eretrieveAuthSessionForGoogleInGTMOAuth2FormatWithClientID:\u003c/span\u003eclientID\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eclientSecret:\u003c/span\u003eclientSecret\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eerror:\u003c/span\u003e\u0026amp;error];\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e//\u003c/span\u003e Remove from the Keychain\u003c/span\u003e\n[keychainStore \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eremoveAuthSessionWithError:\u003c/span\u003e\u0026amp;error];\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eYou can also save to GTMOAuth2 format, though this is discouraged (you\nshould save in GTMAppAuth format as described above).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-objc notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"// Save to the Keychain\n[keychainStore saveWithGTMOAuth2FormatForAuthSession:authSession error:\u0026amp;error];\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e//\u003c/span\u003e Save to the Keychain\u003c/span\u003e\n[keychainStore \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003esaveWithGTMOAuth2FormatForAuthSession:\u003c/span\u003eauthSession \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eerror:\u003c/span\u003e\u0026amp;error];\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eIncluded Samples\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-included-samples\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Included Samples\" href=\"#included-samples\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eTry out one of the included sample apps under \u003ca href=\"/google/GTMAppAuth/blob/master/Examples\"\u003eExamples\u003c/a\u003e. In the\napps folder run \u003ccode\u003epod install\u003c/code\u003e, then open the resulting \u003ccode\u003excworkspace\u003c/code\u003e file.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eBe sure to follow the instructions in\n\u003ca href=\"/google/GTMAppAuth/blob/master/Examples/Example-iOS/README.md\"\u003eExample-iOS/README.md\u003c/a\u003e or\n\u003ca href=\"/google/GTMAppAuth/blob/master/Examples/Example-macOS/README.md\"\u003eExample-macOS/README.md\u003c/a\u003e to configure\nyour own OAuth client ID for use with the example.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eDifferences with GTMOAuth2\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-differences-with-gtmoauth2\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Differences with GTMOAuth2\" href=\"#differences-with-gtmoauth2\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eAuthorization Method\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-authorization-method\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Authorization Method\" href=\"#authorization-method\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eGTMAppAuth uses the browser to present the authorization request, while\nGTMOAuth2 uses an embedded web-view. Migrating to GTMAppAuth will require you\nto change how you authorize the user. Follow the instructions above to get the\nauthorization. You can then create a \u003ccode\u003eGTMAuthSession\u003c/code\u003e object with its\n\u003ccode\u003einitWithAuthState:\u003c/code\u003e initializer. Once you have a \u003ccode\u003eGTMAuthSession\u003c/code\u003e you can\ncontinue to make REST calls as before.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eError Handling\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-error-handling\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Error Handling\" href=\"#error-handling\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eGTMAppAuth's error handling is also different. There are no notifications,\ninstead you need to inspect NSError in the callback. If the error domain is\n\u003ccode\u003eOIDOAuthTokenErrorDomain\u003c/code\u003e, it indicates an authorization error, you should\nclear your authorization state and consider prompting the user to authorize\nagain. Other errors are generally considered transient, meaning that you should\nretry the request after a delay.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eSerialization\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-serialization\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Serialization\" href=\"#serialization\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe serialization format is different between GTMOAuth2 and GTMAppAuth, though\nwe have methods to help you migrate from one to the other without losing any\ndata.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eMigrating from GTMOAuth2\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-migrating-from-gtmoauth2\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Migrating from GTMOAuth2\" href=\"#migrating-from-gtmoauth2\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eOAuth Client Registration\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-oauth-client-registration\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: OAuth Client Registration\" href=\"#oauth-client-registration\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eTypically, GTMOAuth2 clients are registered with Google as type \"Other\". Instead, Apple clients should be registered with the type \"iOS\".\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIf you're migrating an Apple client in the \u003cem\u003esame project as your existing client\u003c/em\u003e,\n\u003ca href=\"https://console.developers.google.com/apis/credentials?project=_\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eregister a new iOS client\u003c/a\u003e\nto be used with GTMAppAuth.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eChanging your Authorization Flows\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-changing-your-authorization-flows\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Changing your Authorization Flows\" href=\"#changing-your-authorization-flows\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eBoth GTMOAuth2 and GTMAppAuth support the \u003ccode\u003eGTMFetcherAuthorizationProtocol\u003c/code\u003e\nallowing you to use the authorization with the session fetcher. Where you\npreviously had a property like \u003ccode\u003eGTMOAuth2Authentication *authorization\u003c/code\u003e change the\ntype to reference the protocol instead, i.e.:\n\u003ccode\u003eid\u0026lt;GTMFetcherAuthorizationProtocol\u0026gt; authorization\u003c/code\u003e. This allows you to switch\nthe authorization implementation under the hood to GTMAppAuth.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThen, follow the instructions above to replace authorization request\n(where you ask the user to grant access) with the GTMAppAuth approach. If you\ncreated a new OAuth client, use that for these requests.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eSerialization \u0026amp; Migrating Existing Grants\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-serialization--migrating-existing-grants\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Serialization \u0026amp; Migrating Existing Grants\" href=\"#serialization--migrating-existing-grants\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eGTMAppAuth has a new data format and APIs for serialization. Unlike\nGTMOAuth2, GTMAppAuth serializes the configuration and history of the\nauthorization, including the client id, and a record of the authorization\nrequest that resulted in the authorization grant.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe client ID used for GTMAppAuth is \u003ca href=\"#oauth-client-registration\"\u003edifferent\u003c/a\u003e to\nthe one used for GTMOAuth2. In order to keep track of the different client ids\nused for new and old grants, it's recommended to migrate to the new\nserialization format, which will store that for you.\n\u003ca href=\"#gtmoauth2-compatibility\"\u003eGTMOAuth2-compatible serialization\u003c/a\u003e is\nalso offered, but not fully supported.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eChange how you serialize your \u003ccode\u003eauthorization\u003c/code\u003e object by using \u003ccode\u003eGTMAuthSession\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003eGTMKeychainStore\u003c/code\u003e as follows:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-objc notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"// Create an auth session from AppAuth's auth state object\nGTMAuthSession *authSession = [[GTMAuthSession alloc] initWithAuthState:authState];\n\n// Create a keychain store\nGTMKeychainStore keychainStore = [[GTMKeychainStore alloc] initWithItemName:kNewKeychainName];\n\n// Serialize to Keychain\nNSError *error;\n[keychainStore saveAuthSession:authSession error:\u0026amp;error];\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e//\u003c/span\u003e Create an auth session from AppAuth's auth state object\u003c/span\u003e\nGTMAuthSession *authSession = [[GTMAuthSession \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ealloc\u003c/span\u003e] \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003einitWithAuthState:\u003c/span\u003eauthState];\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e//\u003c/span\u003e Create a keychain store\u003c/span\u003e\nGTMKeychainStore keychainStore = [[GTMKeychainStore \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ealloc\u003c/span\u003e] \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003einitWithItemName:\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ekNewKeychainName\u003c/span\u003e];\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e//\u003c/span\u003e Serialize to Keychain\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eNSError\u003c/span\u003e *error;\n[keychainStore \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003esaveAuthSession:\u003c/span\u003eauthSession \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eerror:\u003c/span\u003e\u0026amp;error];\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eBe sure to use a \u003cem\u003enew\u003c/em\u003e name for the keychain. Don't reuse your old one!\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFor deserializing, we can preserve all existing grants (so users who authorized\nyour app in GTMOAuth2 don't have to authorize it again). Remember that when\ndeserializing the \u003cem\u003eold\u003c/em\u003e data you need to use your \u003cem\u003eold\u003c/em\u003e keychain name, and\nthe old client id and client secret (if those changed), and that when\nserializing to the \u003cem\u003enew\u003c/em\u003e format, use the \u003cem\u003enew\u003c/em\u003e keychain name.\nOnce again, pay particular care to use the old details when deserializing the\nGTMOAuth2 keychain, and the new details for all other GTMAppAuth calls.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eKeychain migration example:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-objc notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"// Create a keychain store\nGTMKeychainStore keychainStore = [[GTMKeychainStore alloc] initWithItemName:kNewKeychainName];\n\n// Attempt to deserialize from Keychain in GTMAppAuth format.\nNSError *error;\nGTMAuthSesion *authSession =\n [keychainStore retrieveAuthSessionWithError:\u0026amp;error];\n\n// If no data found in the new format, try to deserialize data from GTMOAuth2\nif (!authSession) {\n // Tries to load the data serialized by GTMOAuth2 using old keychain name.\n // If you created a new client id, be sure to use the *previous* client id and secret here.\n GTMKeychainStore oldKeychainStore = [[GTMKeychainStore alloc] initWithItemName:kPreviousKeychainName];\n authSession =\n [oldKeychainStore retrieveAuthSessionInGTMOAuth2FormatWithClientID:kPreviousClientID\n clientSecret:kPreviousClientSecret\n error:\u0026amp;error];\n if (authSession) {\n // Remove previously stored GTMOAuth2-formatted data.\n [oldKeychainStore removeAuthSessionWithError:\u0026amp;error];\n // Serialize to Keychain in GTMAppAuth format.\n [keychainStore saveAuthSession:authSession error:\u0026amp;error];\n }\n}\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e//\u003c/span\u003e Create a keychain store\u003c/span\u003e\nGTMKeychainStore keychainStore = [[GTMKeychainStore \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ealloc\u003c/span\u003e] \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003einitWithItemName:\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ekNewKeychainName\u003c/span\u003e];\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e//\u003c/span\u003e Attempt to deserialize from Keychain in GTMAppAuth format.\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eNSError\u003c/span\u003e *error;\nGTMAuthSesion *authSession =\n [keychainStore \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eretrieveAuthSessionWithError:\u003c/span\u003e\u0026amp;error];\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e//\u003c/span\u003e If no data found in the new format, try to deserialize data from GTMOAuth2\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eif\u003c/span\u003e (!authSession) {\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e//\u003c/span\u003e Tries to load the data serialized by GTMOAuth2 using old keychain name.\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e//\u003c/span\u003e If you created a new client id, be sure to use the *previous* client id and secret here.\u003c/span\u003e\n GTMKeychainStore oldKeychainStore = [[GTMKeychainStore \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ealloc\u003c/span\u003e] \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003einitWithItemName:\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ekPreviousKeychainName\u003c/span\u003e];\n authSession =\n [oldKeychainStore \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eretrieveAuthSessionInGTMOAuth2FormatWithClientID:\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ekPreviousClientID\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eclientSecret:\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ekPreviousClientSecret\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eerror:\u003c/span\u003e\u0026amp;error];\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eif\u003c/span\u003e (authSession) {\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e//\u003c/span\u003e Remove previously stored GTMOAuth2-formatted data.\u003c/span\u003e\n [oldKeychainStore \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eremoveAuthSessionWithError:\u003c/span\u003e\u0026amp;error];\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e//\u003c/span\u003e Serialize to Keychain in GTMAppAuth format.\u003c/span\u003e\n [keychainStore \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003esaveAuthSession:\u003c/span\u003eauthSession \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eerror:\u003c/span\u003e\u0026amp;error];\n }\n}\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/article\u003e","loaded":true,"timedOut":false,"errorMessage":null,"headerInfo":{"toc":[{"level":1,"text":"GTMAppAuth for Apple Platforms","anchor":"gtmappauth-for-apple-platforms","htmlText":"GTMAppAuth for Apple Platforms"},{"level":2,"text":"Setup","anchor":"setup","htmlText":"Setup"},{"level":2,"text":"Usage","anchor":"usage","htmlText":"Usage"},{"level":3,"text":"Configuration","anchor":"configuration","htmlText":"Configuration"},{"level":3,"text":"Authorizing","anchor":"authorizing","htmlText":"Authorizing"},{"level":3,"text":"Handling the Redirect","anchor":"handling-the-redirect","htmlText":"Handling the Redirect"},{"level":4,"text":"macOS Custom URI Scheme Redirect Example","anchor":"macos-custom-uri-scheme-redirect-example","htmlText":"macOS Custom URI Scheme Redirect Example"},{"level":4,"text":"iOS Custom URI Scheme Redirect Example","anchor":"ios-custom-uri-scheme-redirect-example","htmlText":"iOS Custom URI Scheme Redirect Example"},{"level":3,"text":"Making API Calls","anchor":"making-api-calls","htmlText":"Making API Calls"},{"level":3,"text":"Saving to the Keychain","anchor":"saving-to-the-keychain","htmlText":"Saving to the Keychain"},{"level":4,"text":"Keychain Storage","anchor":"keychain-storage","htmlText":"Keychain Storage"},{"level":3,"text":"Implementing Your Own Storage","anchor":"implementing-your-own-storage","htmlText":"Implementing Your Own Storage"},{"level":4,"text":"GTMOAuth2 Compatibility","anchor":"gtmoauth2-compatibility","htmlText":"GTMOAuth2 Compatibility"},{"level":2,"text":"Included Samples","anchor":"included-samples","htmlText":"Included Samples"},{"level":2,"text":"Differences with GTMOAuth2","anchor":"differences-with-gtmoauth2","htmlText":"Differences with GTMOAuth2"},{"level":3,"text":"Authorization Method","anchor":"authorization-method","htmlText":"Authorization Method"},{"level":3,"text":"Error Handling","anchor":"error-handling","htmlText":"Error Handling"},{"level":3,"text":"Serialization","anchor":"serialization","htmlText":"Serialization"},{"level":2,"text":"Migrating from GTMOAuth2","anchor":"migrating-from-gtmoauth2","htmlText":"Migrating from GTMOAuth2"},{"level":3,"text":"OAuth Client Registration","anchor":"oauth-client-registration","htmlText":"OAuth Client Registration"},{"level":3,"text":"Changing your Authorization Flows","anchor":"changing-your-authorization-flows","htmlText":"Changing your Authorization Flows"},{"level":3,"text":"Serialization \u0026 Migrating Existing Grants","anchor":"serialization--migrating-existing-grants","htmlText":"Serialization \u0026amp; Migrating Existing Grants"}],"siteNavLoginPath":"/login?return_to=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fgoogle%2FGTMAppAuth"}},{"displayName":"CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md","repoName":".github","refName":"master","path":"CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md","preferredFileType":"code_of_conduct","tabName":"Code of conduct","richText":null,"loaded":false,"timedOut":false,"errorMessage":null,"headerInfo":{"toc":null,"siteNavLoginPath":"/login?return_to=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fgoogle%2FGTMAppAuth"}},{"displayName":"LICENSE","repoName":"GTMAppAuth","refName":"master","path":"LICENSE","preferredFileType":"license","tabName":"Apache-2.0","richText":null,"loaded":false,"timedOut":false,"errorMessage":null,"headerInfo":{"toc":null,"siteNavLoginPath":"/login?return_to=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fgoogle%2FGTMAppAuth"}},{"displayName":"SECURITY.md","repoName":".github","refName":"master","path":"SECURITY.md","preferredFileType":"security","tabName":"Security","richText":null,"loaded":false,"timedOut":false,"errorMessage":null,"headerInfo":{"toc":null,"siteNavLoginPath":"/login?return_to=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fgoogle%2FGTMAppAuth"}}],"overviewFilesProcessingTime":0}},"appPayload":{"helpUrl":"https://docs.github.com","findFileWorkerPath":"/assets-cdn/worker/find-file-worker-9f8a877aa99f.js","findInFileWorkerPath":"/assets-cdn/worker/find-in-file-worker-96e76d5fdb2c.js","githubDevUrl":null,"enabled_features":{"copilot_workspace":null,"code_nav_ui_events":false,"overview_shared_code_dropdown_button":false,"react_blob_overlay":false,"copilot_conversational_ux_embedding_update":false,"copilot_smell_icebreaker_ux":true,"accessible_code_button":true}}}}</script> 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fgColor-default" data-loading="false" data-size="small" data-variant="invisible" aria-describedby=":Raqj8pab:-loading-announcement"><span data-component="buttonContent" data-align="center" class="prc-Button-ButtonContent-HKbr-"><span data-component="leadingVisual" class="prc-Button-Visual-2epfX prc-Button-VisualWrap-Db-eB"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-history" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" style="display:inline-block;user-select:none;vertical-align:text-bottom;overflow:visible"><path d="m.427 1.927 1.215 1.215a8.002 8.002 0 1 1-1.6 5.685.75.75 0 1 1 1.493-.154 6.5 6.5 0 1 0 1.18-4.458l1.358 1.358A.25.25 0 0 1 3.896 6H.25A.25.25 0 0 1 0 5.75V2.104a.25.25 0 0 1 .427-.177ZM7.75 4a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v2.992l2.028.812a.75.75 0 0 1-.557 1.392l-2.5-1A.751.751 0 0 1 7 8.25v-3.5A.75.75 0 0 1 7.75 4Z"></path></svg></span><span data-component="text" class="prc-Button-Label-pTQ3x"><span class="fgColor-default">170 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d="M2 1.75C2 .784 2.784 0 3.75 0h6.586c.464 0 .909.184 1.237.513l2.914 2.914c.329.328.513.773.513 1.237v9.586A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 13.25 16h-9.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 14.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v12.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h9.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25V6h-2.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 9 4.25V1.5Zm6.75.062V4.25c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2.688l-.011-.013-2.914-2.914-.013-.011Z"></path></svg><div class="overflow-hidden"><div class="react-directory-filename-cell"><div class="react-directory-truncate"><a title="GTMAppAuth.podspec" aria-label="GTMAppAuth.podspec, (File)" class="Link--primary" href="/google/GTMAppAuth/blob/master/GTMAppAuth.podspec">GTMAppAuth.podspec</a></div></div></div></div></td><td class="react-directory-row-commit-cell"><div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text"> </div></td><td><div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text"> </div></td></tr><tr class="react-directory-row undefined" id="folder-row-7"><td class="react-directory-row-name-cell-small-screen" colSpan="2"><div 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src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/12bd72c80d111347187b0439d3b931ddfb85870947be5e29dbadf95120c3a74e/68747470733a2f2f696d672e736869656c64732e696f2f636f636f61706f64732f762f47544d417070417574682e7376673f7374796c653d666c6174" alt="Version" data-canonical-src="https://img.shields.io/cocoapods/v/GTMAppAuth.svg?style=flat" style="max-width: 100%;"></a> <a href="https://cocoapods.org/pods/GTMAppAuth" rel="nofollow"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/fbe53e45653b194c43df1435c3ddf356911f91df77a294e2fd8339e4849fe86c/68747470733a2f2f696d672e736869656c64732e696f2f636f636f61706f64732f702f47544d417070417574682e7376673f7374796c653d666c6174" alt="Platform" data-canonical-src="https://img.shields.io/cocoapods/p/GTMAppAuth.svg?style=flat" style="max-width: 100%;"></a> <a href="https://cocoapods.org/pods/GTMAppAuth" rel="nofollow"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/1d879fdd50c5c56a912bf83d95a11a1e0b9058fb721fdf82f4f50a7c5135a337/68747470733a2f2f696d672e736869656c64732e696f2f636f636f61706f64732f6c2f47544d417070417574682e7376673f7374796c653d666c6174" alt="License" data-canonical-src="https://img.shields.io/cocoapods/l/GTMAppAuth.svg?style=flat" style="max-width: 100%;"></a> <a href="https://github.com/google/GTMAppAuth/actions/workflows/tests.yml"><img src="https://github.com/google/GTMAppAuth/actions/workflows/tests.yml/badge.svg?event=push" alt="tests" style="max-width: 100%;"></a></p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">GTMAppAuth for Apple Platforms</h1><a id="user-content-gtmappauth-for-apple-platforms" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: GTMAppAuth for Apple Platforms" href="#gtmappauth-for-apple-platforms"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">GTMAppAuth enables you to use <a href="https://github.com/openid/AppAuth-iOS">AppAuth</a> with the <a href="https://github.com/google/gtm-session-fetcher">Google Toolbox for Mac - Session Fetcher</a> and <a href="https://github.com/google/google-api-objectivec-client-for-rest">Google APIs Client Library for Objective-C For REST</a> libraries on iOS, macOS, tvOS, and watchOS by providing an implementation of <a href="https://github.com/google/gtm-session-fetcher/blob/2a3b5264108e80d62003b770ff02eb7364ff1365/Source/GTMSessionFetcher.h#L660"><code>GTMFetcherAuthorizationProtocol</code></a> for authorizing requests with AppAuth.</p> <p dir="auto">GTMAppAuth is an alternative authorizer to <a href="https://github.com/google/gtm-oauth2">GTMOAuth2</a> . The key differentiator is the use of the user's default browser for the authorization, which is more secure, more usable (the user's session can be reused) and follows modern OAuth <a href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8252" rel="nofollow">best practices for native apps</a>. Compatibility methods for GTMOAuth2 are offered allowing you to migrate from GTMOAuth2 to GTMAppAuth preserving previously serialized authorizations (so users shouldn't need to re-authenticate).</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Setup</h2><a id="user-content-setup" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Setup" href="#setup"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">If you use <a href="https://guides.cocoapods.org/using/getting-started.html" rel="nofollow">CocoaPods</a>, simply add:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="pod 'GTMAppAuth'"><pre class="notranslate"><code>pod 'GTMAppAuth' </code></pre></div> <p dir="auto">To your <code>Podfile</code> and run <code>pod install</code>.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Usage</h2><a id="user-content-usage" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Usage" href="#usage"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Configuration</h3><a id="user-content-configuration" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Configuration" href="#configuration"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">To configure GTMAppAuth with the OAuth endpoints for Google, you can use the convenience method:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-objc notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="OIDServiceConfiguration *configuration = [GTMAuthSession configurationForGoogle];"><pre>OIDServiceConfiguration *configuration = [GTMAuthSession <span class="pl-c1">configurationForGoogle</span>];</pre></div> <p dir="auto">Alternatively, you can configure GTMAppAuth by specifying the endpoints directly:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-objc notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="NSURL *authorizationEndpoint = [NSURL URLWithString:@"https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/v2/auth"]; NSURL *tokenEndpoint = [NSURL URLWithString:@"https://www.googleapis.com/oauth2/v4/token"]; OIDServiceConfiguration *configuration = [[OIDServiceConfiguration alloc] initWithAuthorizationEndpoint:authorizationEndpoint tokenEndpoint:tokenEndpoint]; // perform the auth request..."><pre><span class="pl-c1">NSURL</span> *authorizationEndpoint = [<span class="pl-c1">NSURL</span> <span class="pl-c1">URLWithString:</span><span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">@"</span>https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/v2/auth<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>]; <span class="pl-c1">NSURL</span> *tokenEndpoint = [<span class="pl-c1">NSURL</span> <span class="pl-c1">URLWithString:</span><span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">@"</span>https://www.googleapis.com/oauth2/v4/token<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>]; OIDServiceConfiguration *configuration = [[OIDServiceConfiguration <span class="pl-c1">alloc</span>] <span class="pl-c1">initWithAuthorizationEndpoint:</span>authorizationEndpoint <span class="pl-c1">tokenEndpoint:</span>tokenEndpoint]; <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">//</span> perform the auth request...</span></pre></div> <p dir="auto">Or through discovery:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-objc notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="NSURL *issuer = [NSURL URLWithString:@"https://accounts.google.com"]; [OIDAuthorizationService discoverServiceConfigurationForIssuer:issuer completion:^(OIDServiceConfiguration *_Nullable configuration, NSError *_Nullable error) { if (!configuration) { NSLog(@"Error retrieving discovery document: %@", [error localizedDescription]); return; } // perform the auth request... }];"><pre><span class="pl-c1">NSURL</span> *issuer = [<span class="pl-c1">NSURL</span> <span class="pl-c1">URLWithString:</span><span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">@"</span>https://accounts.google.com<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>]; [OIDAuthorizationService <span class="pl-c1">discoverServiceConfigurationForIssuer:</span>issuer <span class="pl-c1">completion:</span>^(OIDServiceConfiguration *_Nullable configuration, <span class="pl-c1">NSError</span> *_Nullable error) { <span class="pl-k">if</span> (!configuration) { <span class="pl-c1">NSLog</span>(<span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">@"</span>Error retrieving discovery document: <span class="pl-c1">%@</span><span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>, [error <span class="pl-c1">localizedDescription</span>]); <span class="pl-k">return</span>; } <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">//</span> perform the auth request...</span> }];</pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Authorizing</h3><a id="user-content-authorizing" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Authorizing" href="#authorizing"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">First, you need to have a way for your UIApplicationDelegate to continue the authorization flow session from the incoming redirect URI. Typically you could store the in-progress OIDAuthorizationFlowSession instance in a property:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-objc notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="// property of the app's UIApplicationDelegate @property(nonatomic, nullable) id<OIDExternalUserAgentSession> currentAuthorizationFlow;"><pre><span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">//</span> property of the app's UIApplicationDelegate</span> @property(nonatomic, nullable) <span class="pl-k">id</span><OIDExternalUserAgentSession> currentAuthorizationFlow;</pre></div> <p dir="auto">And in a location accessible by all controllers that need authorization, a property to store the authorization state:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-objc notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="// property of the containing class @property(nonatomic, nullable) GTMAuthSession *authSession;"><pre><span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">//</span> property of the containing class</span> @property(nonatomic, nullable) GTMAuthSession *authSession;</pre></div> <p dir="auto">Then, initiate the authorization request. By using the <code>authStateByPresentingAuthorizationRequest</code> method, the OAuth token exchange will be performed automatically, and everything will be protected with PKCE (if the server supports it).</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-objc notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="// builds authentication request OIDAuthorizationRequest *request = [[OIDAuthorizationRequest alloc] initWithConfiguration:configuration clientId:kClientID clientSecret:kClientSecret scopes:@[OIDScopeOpenID, OIDScopeProfile] redirectURL:redirectURI responseType:OIDResponseTypeCode additionalParameters:nil]; // performs authentication request self.appDelegate.currentAuthorizationFlow = [OIDAuthState authStateByPresentingAuthorizationRequest:request callback:^(OIDAuthState *_Nullable authState, NSError *_Nullable error) { if (authState) { // Creates a GTMAuthSession from the OIDAuthState. self.authSession = [[GTMAuthSession alloc] initWithAuthState:authState]; NSLog(@"Got authorization tokens. Access token: %@", authState.lastTokenResponse.accessToken); } else { NSLog(@"Authorization error: %@", [error localizedDescription]); self.authSession = nil; } }];"><pre><span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">//</span> builds authentication request</span> OIDAuthorizationRequest *request = [[OIDAuthorizationRequest <span class="pl-c1">alloc</span>] <span class="pl-c1">initWithConfiguration:</span>configuration <span class="pl-c1">clientId:</span><span class="pl-c1">kClientID</span> <span class="pl-c1">clientSecret:</span><span class="pl-c1">kClientSecret</span> <span class="pl-c1">scopes:</span>@[OIDScopeOpenID, OIDScopeProfile] <span class="pl-c1">redirectURL:</span>redirectURI <span class="pl-c1">responseType:</span>OIDResponseTypeCode <span class="pl-c1">additionalParameters:</span><span class="pl-c1">nil</span>]; <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">//</span> performs authentication request</span> self.appDelegate.currentAuthorizationFlow = [OIDAuthState <span class="pl-c1">authStateByPresentingAuthorizationRequest:</span>request <span class="pl-c1">callback:</span>^(OIDAuthState *_Nullable authState, <span class="pl-c1">NSError</span> *_Nullable error) { <span class="pl-k">if</span> (authState) { <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">//</span> Creates a GTMAuthSession from the OIDAuthState.</span> self.<span class="pl-smi">authSession</span> = [[GTMAuthSession <span class="pl-c1">alloc</span>] <span class="pl-c1">initWithAuthState:</span>authState]; <span class="pl-c1">NSLog</span>(<span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">@"</span>Got authorization tokens. Access token: <span class="pl-c1">%@</span><span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>, authState.<span class="pl-smi">lastTokenResponse</span>.<span class="pl-smi">accessToken</span>); } <span class="pl-k">else</span> { <span class="pl-c1">NSLog</span>(<span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">@"</span>Authorization error: <span class="pl-c1">%@</span><span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>, [error <span class="pl-c1">localizedDescription</span>]); self.<span class="pl-smi">authSession</span> = <span class="pl-c1">nil</span>; } }];</pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Handling the Redirect</h3><a id="user-content-handling-the-redirect" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Handling the Redirect" href="#handling-the-redirect"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">The authorization response URL is returned to the app via the platform-specific application delegate method, so you need to pipe this through to the current authorization session (created in the previous session).</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">macOS Custom URI Scheme Redirect Example</h4><a id="user-content-macos-custom-uri-scheme-redirect-example" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: macOS Custom URI Scheme Redirect Example" href="#macos-custom-uri-scheme-redirect-example"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="highlight highlight-source-objc notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="- (void)applicationDidFinishLaunching:(NSNotification *)aNotification { // Other app initialization code ... // Register for GetURL events. NSAppleEventManager *appleEventManager = [NSAppleEventManager sharedAppleEventManager]; [appleEventManager setEventHandler:self andSelector:@selector(handleGetURLEvent:withReplyEvent:) forEventClass:kInternetEventClass andEventID:kAEGetURL]; } - (void)handleGetURLEvent:(NSAppleEventDescriptor *)event withReplyEvent:(NSAppleEventDescriptor *)replyEvent { NSString *URLString = [[event paramDescriptorForKeyword:keyDirectObject] stringValue]; NSURL *URL = [NSURL URLWithString:URLString]; [_currentAuthorizationFlow resumeExternalUserAgentFlowWithURL:URL]; }"><pre>- (<span class="pl-k">void</span>)applicationDidFinishLaunching:(<span class="pl-c1">NSNotification</span> *)aNotification { <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">//</span> Other app initialization code ...</span> <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">//</span> Register for GetURL events.</span> <span class="pl-c1">NSAppleEventManager</span> *appleEventManager = [<span class="pl-c1">NSAppleEventManager</span> <span class="pl-c1">sharedAppleEventManager</span>]; [appleEventManager <span class="pl-c1">setEventHandler:</span><span class="pl-c1">self</span> <span class="pl-c1">andSelector:</span><span class="pl-k">@selector</span>(<span class="pl-c1">handleGetURLEvent:withReplyEvent:</span>) <span class="pl-c1">forEventClass:</span><span class="pl-c1">kInternetEventClass</span> <span class="pl-c1">andEventID:</span><span class="pl-c1">kAEGetURL</span>]; } - (<span class="pl-k">void</span>)handleGetURLEvent:(<span class="pl-c1">NSAppleEventDescriptor</span> *)event withReplyEvent:(<span class="pl-c1">NSAppleEventDescriptor</span> *)replyEvent { <span class="pl-c1">NSString</span> *URLString = [[event <span class="pl-c1">paramDescriptorForKeyword:</span>keyDirectObject] <span class="pl-c1">stringValue</span>]; <span class="pl-c1">NSURL</span> *URL = [<span class="pl-c1">NSURL</span> <span class="pl-c1">URLWithString:</span>URLString]; [_currentAuthorizationFlow <span class="pl-c1">resumeExternalUserAgentFlowWithURL:</span>URL]; }</pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">iOS Custom URI Scheme Redirect Example</h4><a id="user-content-ios-custom-uri-scheme-redirect-example" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: iOS Custom URI Scheme Redirect Example" href="#ios-custom-uri-scheme-redirect-example"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="highlight highlight-source-objc notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)app openURL:(NSURL *)url options:(NSDictionary<NSString *, id> *)options { // Sends the URL to the current authorization flow (if any) which will // process it if it relates to an authorization response. if ([_currentAuthorizationFlow resumeExternalUserAgentFlowWithURL:url]) { _currentAuthorizationFlow = nil; return YES; } // Your additional URL handling (if any) goes here. return NO; }"><pre>- (<span class="pl-c1">BOOL</span>)application:(UIApplication *)app openURL:(<span class="pl-c1">NSURL</span> *)url options:(<span class="pl-c1">NSDictionary</span><<span class="pl-c1">NSString</span> *, <span class="pl-c1">id</span>> *)options { <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">//</span> Sends the URL to the current authorization flow (if any) which will</span> <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">//</span> process it if it relates to an authorization response.</span> <span class="pl-k">if</span> ([_currentAuthorizationFlow <span class="pl-c1">resumeExternalUserAgentFlowWithURL:</span>url]) { _currentAuthorizationFlow = <span class="pl-c1">nil</span>; <span class="pl-k">return</span> <span class="pl-c1">YES</span>; } <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">//</span> Your additional URL handling (if any) goes here.</span> <span class="pl-k">return</span> <span class="pl-c1">NO</span>; }</pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Making API Calls</h3><a id="user-content-making-api-calls" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Making API Calls" href="#making-api-calls"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">The goal of GTMAppAuth is to enable you to authorize HTTP requests with fresh tokens following the Session Fetcher pattern, which you can do like so:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-objc notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="// Creates a GTMSessionFetcherService with the authorization. // Normally you would save this service object and re-use it for all REST API calls. GTMSessionFetcherService *fetcherService = [[GTMSessionFetcherService alloc] init]; fetcherService.authorizer = self.authSession; // Creates a fetcher for the API call. NSURL *userinfoEndpoint = [NSURL URLWithString:@"https://www.googleapis.com/oauth2/v3/userinfo"]; GTMSessionFetcher *fetcher = [fetcherService fetcherWithURL:userinfoEndpoint]; [fetcher beginFetchWithCompletionHandler:^(NSData *data, NSError *error) { // Checks for an error. if (error) { // OIDOAuthTokenErrorDomain indicates an issue with the authorization. if ([error.domain isEqual:OIDOAuthTokenErrorDomain]) { self.authSession = nil; NSLog(@"Authorization error during token refresh, clearing state. %@", error); // Other errors are assumed transient. } else { NSLog(@"Transient error during token refresh. %@", error); } return; } // Parses the JSON response. NSError *jsonError = nil; id jsonDictionaryOrArray = [NSJSONSerialization JSONObjectWithData:data options:0 error:&jsonError]; // JSON error. if (jsonError) { NSLog(@"JSON decoding error %@", jsonError); return; } // Success response! NSLog(@"Success: %@", jsonDictionaryOrArray); }];"><pre><span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">//</span> Creates a GTMSessionFetcherService with the authorization.</span> <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">//</span> Normally you would save this service object and re-use it for all REST API calls.</span> GTMSessionFetcherService *fetcherService = [[GTMSessionFetcherService <span class="pl-c1">alloc</span>] <span class="pl-c1">init</span>]; fetcherService.authorizer = self.authSession; <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">//</span> Creates a fetcher for the API call.</span> <span class="pl-c1">NSURL</span> *userinfoEndpoint = [<span class="pl-c1">NSURL</span> <span class="pl-c1">URLWithString:</span><span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">@"</span>https://www.googleapis.com/oauth2/v3/userinfo<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>]; GTMSessionFetcher *fetcher = [fetcherService <span class="pl-c1">fetcherWithURL:</span>userinfoEndpoint]; [fetcher <span class="pl-c1">beginFetchWithCompletionHandler:</span>^(<span class="pl-c1">NSData</span> *data, <span class="pl-c1">NSError</span> *error) { <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">//</span> Checks for an error.</span> <span class="pl-k">if</span> (error) { <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">//</span> OIDOAuthTokenErrorDomain indicates an issue with the authorization.</span> <span class="pl-k">if</span> ([error.domain <span class="pl-c1">isEqual:</span>OIDOAuthTokenErrorDomain]) { self.<span class="pl-smi">authSession</span> = <span class="pl-c1">nil</span>; <span class="pl-c1">NSLog</span>(<span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">@"</span>Authorization error during token refresh, clearing state. <span class="pl-c1">%@</span><span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>, error); <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">//</span> Other errors are assumed transient.</span> } <span class="pl-k">else</span> { <span class="pl-c1">NSLog</span>(<span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">@"</span>Transient error during token refresh. <span class="pl-c1">%@</span><span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>, error); } <span class="pl-k">return</span>; } <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">//</span> Parses the JSON response.</span> <span class="pl-c1">NSError</span> *jsonError = <span class="pl-c1">nil</span>; <span class="pl-c1">id</span> jsonDictionaryOrArray = [<span class="pl-c1">NSJSONSerialization</span> <span class="pl-c1">JSONObjectWithData:</span>data <span class="pl-c1">options:</span><span class="pl-c1">0</span> <span class="pl-c1">error:</span>&jsonError]; <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">//</span> JSON error.</span> <span class="pl-k">if</span> (jsonError) { <span class="pl-c1">NSLog</span>(<span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">@"</span>JSON decoding error <span class="pl-c1">%@</span><span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>, jsonError); <span class="pl-k">return</span>; } <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">//</span> Success response!</span> <span class="pl-c1">NSLog</span>(<span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">@"</span>Success: <span class="pl-c1">%@</span><span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>, jsonDictionaryOrArray); }];</pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Saving to the Keychain</h3><a id="user-content-saving-to-the-keychain" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Saving to the Keychain" href="#saving-to-the-keychain"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">You can easily save <code>GTMAuthSession</code> instances to the Keychain using the <code>GTMKeychainStore</code> class.</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-objc notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="// Create a GIDKeychainStore instance, intializing it with the Keychain item name `kKeychainItemName` // which will be used when saving, retrieving, and removing `GTMAuthSession` instances. GIDKeychainStore *keychainStore = [[GIDKeychainStore alloc] initWithItemName:kKeychainItemName]; NSError *error; // Save to the Keychain [keychainStore saveAuthSession:self.authSession error:&error]; if (error) { // Handle error } // Retrieve from the Keychain self.authSession = [keychainStore retrieveAuthSessionWithError:&error]; if (error) { // Handle error } // Remove from the Keychain [keychainStore removeAuthSessionWithError:&error]; if (error) { // Handle error }"><pre><span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">//</span> Create a GIDKeychainStore instance, intializing it with the Keychain item name `kKeychainItemName`</span> <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">//</span> which will be used when saving, retrieving, and removing `GTMAuthSession` instances.</span> GIDKeychainStore *keychainStore = [[GIDKeychainStore <span class="pl-c1">alloc</span>] <span class="pl-c1">initWithItemName:</span><span class="pl-c1">kKeychainItemName</span>]; <span class="pl-c1">NSError</span> *error; <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">//</span> Save to the Keychain</span> [keychainStore <span class="pl-c1">saveAuthSession:</span><span class="pl-c1">self</span>.authSession <span class="pl-c1">error:</span>&error]; <span class="pl-k">if</span> (error) { <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">//</span> Handle error</span> } <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">//</span> Retrieve from the Keychain</span> self.authSession = [keychainStore <span class="pl-c1">retrieveAuthSessionWithError:</span>&error]; <span class="pl-k">if</span> (error) { <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">//</span> Handle error</span> } <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">//</span> Remove from the Keychain</span> [keychainStore <span class="pl-c1">removeAuthSessionWithError:</span>&error]; <span class="pl-k">if</span> (error) { <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">//</span> Handle error</span> }</pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Keychain Storage</h4><a id="user-content-keychain-storage" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Keychain Storage" href="#keychain-storage"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">With <code>GTMKeychainStore</code>, by default, <code>GTMAuthSession</code> instances are stored using Keychain items of the <a href="https://developer.apple.com/documentation/security/ksecclassgenericpassword?language=objc" rel="nofollow"><code>kSecClassGenericPassword</code></a> class with a <a href="https://developer.apple.com/documentation/security/ksecattraccount?language=objc" rel="nofollow"><code>kSecAttrAccount</code></a> value of "OAuth" and a developer supplied value for <a href="https://developer.apple.com/documentation/security/ksecattrservice?language=objc" rel="nofollow"><code>kSecAttrService</code></a>. For this use of generic password items, the combination of account and service values acts as the <a href="https://developer.apple.com/documentation/security/1542001-security_framework_result_codes/errsecduplicateitem?language=objc" rel="nofollow">primary key</a> of the Keychain items. The <a href="https://developer.apple.com/documentation/security/ksecattraccessible?language=objc" rel="nofollow"><code>kSecAttrAccessible</code></a> key is set to <a href="https://developer.apple.com/documentation/security/ksecattraccessibleafterfirstunlockthisdeviceonly?language=objc" rel="nofollow"><code>kSecAttrAccessibleAfterFirstUnlockThisDeviceOnly</code></a> in order to allow background access after initial device unlock following a restart. A <a href="https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nskeyedarchiver?language=objc" rel="nofollow">keyed archive</a> representation of the relevant <code>GTMAuthSession</code> instance is supplied as the value for <a href="https://developer.apple.com/documentation/security/ksecvaluedata?language=objc" rel="nofollow"><code>kSecValueData</code></a> and this is encrypted and stored by <a href="https://developer.apple.com/documentation/security/keychain_services?language=objc" rel="nofollow">Keychain Services</a>.</p> <p dir="auto">For macOS, two Keychain storage options are available: the traditional file-based Keychain storage which uses access control lists and the more modern <a href="https://developer.apple.com/documentation/security/ksecusedataprotectionkeychain?language=objc" rel="nofollow">data protection keychain storage</a> which uses Keychain access control groups. By default, GTMAppAuth uses the file-based Keychain storage on macOS. You may opt into using data protection keychain storage by including the <code>GTMKeychainAttribute.useDataProtectionKeychain</code> attribute in the <code>keychainAttributes</code> parameter of <code>initWithItemName:keychainAttributes:</code> when initializing <code>GTMKeychainStore</code>. Note that Keychain items stored via one storage type will not be available via the other and macOS apps that choose to use the data protection Keychain will need to be signed in order for Keychain operations to succeed.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Implementing Your Own Storage</h3><a id="user-content-implementing-your-own-storage" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Implementing Your Own Storage" href="#implementing-your-own-storage"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">If you'd like to use a backing store other than the Keychain to save your <code>GTMAuthSession</code> instances, you can create your own <code>GTMAuthSessionStore</code> conformance. Use <code>GTMKeychainStore</code> as an example of how to do this.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">GTMOAuth2 Compatibility</h4><a id="user-content-gtmoauth2-compatibility" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: GTMOAuth2 Compatibility" href="#gtmoauth2-compatibility"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">To assist the migration from GTMOAuth2 to GTMAppAuth, GTMOAuth2-compatible Keychain methods are provided in <code>GTMKeychainStore</code>.</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-objc notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="GTMKeychainStore keychainStore = [[GTMKeychainStore alloc] initWithItemName:kKeychainItemName]; // Retrieve from the Keychain NSError *error; GTMAuthSession *authSession = [keychainStore retrieveAuthSessionForGoogleInGTMOAuth2FormatWithClientID:clientID clientSecret:clientSecret error:&error]; // Remove from the Keychain [keychainStore removeAuthSessionWithError:&error];"><pre>GTMKeychainStore keychainStore = [[GTMKeychainStore <span class="pl-c1">alloc</span>] <span class="pl-c1">initWithItemName:</span><span class="pl-c1">kKeychainItemName</span>]; <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">//</span> Retrieve from the Keychain</span> <span class="pl-c1">NSError</span> *error; GTMAuthSession *authSession = [keychainStore <span class="pl-c1">retrieveAuthSessionForGoogleInGTMOAuth2FormatWithClientID:</span>clientID <span class="pl-c1">clientSecret:</span>clientSecret <span class="pl-c1">error:</span>&error]; <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">//</span> Remove from the Keychain</span> [keychainStore <span class="pl-c1">removeAuthSessionWithError:</span>&error];</pre></div> <p dir="auto">You can also save to GTMOAuth2 format, though this is discouraged (you should save in GTMAppAuth format as described above).</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-objc notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="// Save to the Keychain [keychainStore saveWithGTMOAuth2FormatForAuthSession:authSession error:&error];"><pre><span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">//</span> Save to the Keychain</span> [keychainStore <span class="pl-c1">saveWithGTMOAuth2FormatForAuthSession:</span>authSession <span class="pl-c1">error:</span>&error];</pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Included Samples</h2><a id="user-content-included-samples" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Included Samples" href="#included-samples"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Try out one of the included sample apps under <a href="/google/GTMAppAuth/blob/master/Examples">Examples</a>. In the apps folder run <code>pod install</code>, then open the resulting <code>xcworkspace</code> file.</p> <p dir="auto">Be sure to follow the instructions in <a href="/google/GTMAppAuth/blob/master/Examples/Example-iOS/README.md">Example-iOS/README.md</a> or <a href="/google/GTMAppAuth/blob/master/Examples/Example-macOS/README.md">Example-macOS/README.md</a> to configure your own OAuth client ID for use with the example.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Differences with GTMOAuth2</h2><a id="user-content-differences-with-gtmoauth2" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Differences with GTMOAuth2" href="#differences-with-gtmoauth2"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Authorization Method</h3><a id="user-content-authorization-method" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Authorization Method" href="#authorization-method"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">GTMAppAuth uses the browser to present the authorization request, while GTMOAuth2 uses an embedded web-view. Migrating to GTMAppAuth will require you to change how you authorize the user. Follow the instructions above to get the authorization. You can then create a <code>GTMAuthSession</code> object with its <code>initWithAuthState:</code> initializer. Once you have a <code>GTMAuthSession</code> you can continue to make REST calls as before.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Error Handling</h3><a id="user-content-error-handling" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Error Handling" href="#error-handling"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">GTMAppAuth's error handling is also different. There are no notifications, instead you need to inspect NSError in the callback. If the error domain is <code>OIDOAuthTokenErrorDomain</code>, it indicates an authorization error, you should clear your authorization state and consider prompting the user to authorize again. Other errors are generally considered transient, meaning that you should retry the request after a delay.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Serialization</h3><a id="user-content-serialization" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Serialization" href="#serialization"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">The serialization format is different between GTMOAuth2 and GTMAppAuth, though we have methods to help you migrate from one to the other without losing any data.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Migrating from GTMOAuth2</h2><a id="user-content-migrating-from-gtmoauth2" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Migrating from GTMOAuth2" href="#migrating-from-gtmoauth2"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">OAuth Client Registration</h3><a id="user-content-oauth-client-registration" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: OAuth Client Registration" href="#oauth-client-registration"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Typically, GTMOAuth2 clients are registered with Google as type "Other". Instead, Apple clients should be registered with the type "iOS".</p> <p dir="auto">If you're migrating an Apple client in the <em>same project as your existing client</em>, <a href="https://console.developers.google.com/apis/credentials?project=_" rel="nofollow">register a new iOS client</a> to be used with GTMAppAuth.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Changing your Authorization Flows</h3><a id="user-content-changing-your-authorization-flows" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Changing your Authorization Flows" href="#changing-your-authorization-flows"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Both GTMOAuth2 and GTMAppAuth support the <code>GTMFetcherAuthorizationProtocol</code> allowing you to use the authorization with the session fetcher. Where you previously had a property like <code>GTMOAuth2Authentication *authorization</code> change the type to reference the protocol instead, i.e.: <code>id<GTMFetcherAuthorizationProtocol> authorization</code>. This allows you to switch the authorization implementation under the hood to GTMAppAuth.</p> <p dir="auto">Then, follow the instructions above to replace authorization request (where you ask the user to grant access) with the GTMAppAuth approach. If you created a new OAuth client, use that for these requests.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Serialization & Migrating Existing Grants</h3><a id="user-content-serialization--migrating-existing-grants" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Serialization & Migrating Existing Grants" href="#serialization--migrating-existing-grants"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">GTMAppAuth has a new data format and APIs for serialization. Unlike GTMOAuth2, GTMAppAuth serializes the configuration and history of the authorization, including the client id, and a record of the authorization request that resulted in the authorization grant.</p> <p dir="auto">The client ID used for GTMAppAuth is <a href="#oauth-client-registration">different</a> to the one used for GTMOAuth2. In order to keep track of the different client ids used for new and old grants, it's recommended to migrate to the new serialization format, which will store that for you. <a href="#gtmoauth2-compatibility">GTMOAuth2-compatible serialization</a> is also offered, but not fully supported.</p> <p dir="auto">Change how you serialize your <code>authorization</code> object by using <code>GTMAuthSession</code> and <code>GTMKeychainStore</code> as follows:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-objc notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="// Create an auth session from AppAuth's auth state object GTMAuthSession *authSession = [[GTMAuthSession alloc] initWithAuthState:authState]; // Create a keychain store GTMKeychainStore keychainStore = [[GTMKeychainStore alloc] initWithItemName:kNewKeychainName]; // Serialize to Keychain NSError *error; [keychainStore saveAuthSession:authSession error:&error];"><pre><span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">//</span> Create an auth session from AppAuth's auth state object</span> GTMAuthSession *authSession = [[GTMAuthSession <span class="pl-c1">alloc</span>] <span class="pl-c1">initWithAuthState:</span>authState]; <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">//</span> Create a keychain store</span> GTMKeychainStore keychainStore = [[GTMKeychainStore <span class="pl-c1">alloc</span>] <span class="pl-c1">initWithItemName:</span><span class="pl-c1">kNewKeychainName</span>]; <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">//</span> Serialize to Keychain</span> <span class="pl-c1">NSError</span> *error; [keychainStore <span class="pl-c1">saveAuthSession:</span>authSession <span class="pl-c1">error:</span>&error];</pre></div> <p dir="auto">Be sure to use a <em>new</em> name for the keychain. Don't reuse your old one!</p> <p dir="auto">For deserializing, we can preserve all existing grants (so users who authorized your app in GTMOAuth2 don't have to authorize it again). Remember that when deserializing the <em>old</em> data you need to use your <em>old</em> keychain name, and the old client id and client secret (if those changed), and that when serializing to the <em>new</em> format, use the <em>new</em> keychain name. Once again, pay particular care to use the old details when deserializing the GTMOAuth2 keychain, and the new details for all other GTMAppAuth calls.</p> <p dir="auto">Keychain migration example:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-objc notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="// Create a keychain store GTMKeychainStore keychainStore = [[GTMKeychainStore alloc] initWithItemName:kNewKeychainName]; // Attempt to deserialize from Keychain in GTMAppAuth format. NSError *error; GTMAuthSesion *authSession = [keychainStore retrieveAuthSessionWithError:&error]; // If no data found in the new format, try to deserialize data from GTMOAuth2 if (!authSession) { // Tries to load the data serialized by GTMOAuth2 using old keychain name. // If you created a new client id, be sure to use the *previous* client id and secret here. GTMKeychainStore oldKeychainStore = [[GTMKeychainStore alloc] initWithItemName:kPreviousKeychainName]; authSession = [oldKeychainStore retrieveAuthSessionInGTMOAuth2FormatWithClientID:kPreviousClientID clientSecret:kPreviousClientSecret error:&error]; if (authSession) { // Remove previously stored GTMOAuth2-formatted data. [oldKeychainStore removeAuthSessionWithError:&error]; // Serialize to Keychain in GTMAppAuth format. [keychainStore saveAuthSession:authSession error:&error]; } }"><pre><span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">//</span> Create a keychain store</span> GTMKeychainStore keychainStore = [[GTMKeychainStore <span class="pl-c1">alloc</span>] <span class="pl-c1">initWithItemName:</span><span class="pl-c1">kNewKeychainName</span>]; <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">//</span> Attempt to deserialize from Keychain in GTMAppAuth format.</span> <span class="pl-c1">NSError</span> *error; GTMAuthSesion *authSession = [keychainStore <span class="pl-c1">retrieveAuthSessionWithError:</span>&error]; <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">//</span> If no data found in the new format, try to deserialize data from GTMOAuth2</span> <span class="pl-k">if</span> (!authSession) { <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">//</span> Tries to load the data serialized by GTMOAuth2 using old keychain name.</span> <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">//</span> If you created a new client id, be sure to use the *previous* client id and secret here.</span> GTMKeychainStore oldKeychainStore = [[GTMKeychainStore <span class="pl-c1">alloc</span>] <span class="pl-c1">initWithItemName:</span><span class="pl-c1">kPreviousKeychainName</span>]; authSession = [oldKeychainStore <span class="pl-c1">retrieveAuthSessionInGTMOAuth2FormatWithClientID:</span><span class="pl-c1">kPreviousClientID</span> <span class="pl-c1">clientSecret:</span><span class="pl-c1">kPreviousClientSecret</span> <span class="pl-c1">error:</span>&error]; <span class="pl-k">if</span> (authSession) { <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">//</span> Remove previously stored GTMOAuth2-formatted data.</span> [oldKeychainStore <span class="pl-c1">removeAuthSessionWithError:</span>&error]; <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">//</span> Serialize to Keychain in GTMAppAuth format.</span> [keychainStore <span class="pl-c1">saveAuthSession:</span>authSession <span class="pl-c1">error:</span>&error]; } }</pre></div> </article></div></div></div></div></div> <!-- --> <!-- --> <script type="application/json" id="__PRIMER_DATA_:R0:__">{"resolvedServerColorMode":"day"}</script></div> </react-partial> <input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" value="cSCvKjKMEKzts6Z4cJxJxTbq390Oa2eNPfB1g6VnZ/c2yKcrBFuImIXeU8/GCqn45MDaZIOHq5V1dzVkXbm7Vg==" /> </div> <div data-view-component="true" class="Layout-sidebar"> <div class="BorderGrid about-margin" data-pjax> <div class="BorderGrid-row"> <div class="BorderGrid-cell"> <div class="hide-sm hide-md"> <h2 class="mb-3 h4">About</h2> <p class="f4 my-3"> Apple platforms SDK for using AppAuth with Google libraries. </p> <h3 class="sr-only">Topics</h3> <div class="my-3"> <div class="f6"> <a href="/topics/oauth-client" title="Topic: oauth-client" data-view-component="true" class="topic-tag topic-tag-link"> oauth-client </a> <a href="/topics/authorization-flow" title="Topic: authorization-flow" data-view-component="true" class="topic-tag topic-tag-link"> authorization-flow </a> 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1.5h-6.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h2.5V3.5h-.984a.245.245 0 0 0-.124.033l-1.289.737c-.265.15-.564.23-.869.23h-.162l2.112 4.692a.75.75 0 0 1-.154.838l-.53-.53.529.531-.001.002-.002.002-.006.006-.016.015-.045.04c-.21.176-.441.327-.686.45C4.556 10.78 3.88 11 3 11a4.498 4.498 0 0 1-2.023-.454 3.544 3.544 0 0 1-.686-.45l-.045-.04-.016-.015-.006-.006-.004-.004v-.001a.75.75 0 0 1-.154-.838L2.178 4.5H1.75a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h2.234a.249.249 0 0 0 .125-.033l1.288-.737c.265-.15.564-.23.869-.23h.984V.75a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0Zm2.945 8.477c.285.135.718.273 1.305.273s1.02-.138 1.305-.273L13 6.327Zm-10 0c.285.135.718.273 1.305.273s1.02-.138 1.305-.273L3 6.327Z"></path> </svg> Security policy </a> </div> <include-fragment src="/google/GTMAppAuth/hovercards/citation/sidebar_partial?tree_name=master"> </include-fragment> <div class="mt-2"> <a href="/google/GTMAppAuth/activity" data-view-component="true" class="Link Link--muted"><svg text="gray" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-pulse mr-2"> <path d="M6 2c.306 0 .582.187.696.471L10 10.731l1.304-3.26A.751.751 0 0 1 12 7h3.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-2.742l-1.812 4.528a.751.751 0 0 1-1.392 0L6 4.77 4.696 8.03A.75.75 0 0 1 4 8.5H.75a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h2.742l1.812-4.529A.751.751 0 0 1 6 2Z"></path> </svg> <span class="color-fg-muted">Activity</span></a> </div> <div class="mt-2"> <a href="/google/GTMAppAuth/custom-properties" data-view-component="true" class="Link Link--muted"><svg text="gray" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-note mr-2"> <path d="M0 3.75C0 2.784.784 2 1.75 2h12.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 14H1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 12.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v8.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h12.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-8.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25ZM3.5 6.25a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h7a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-7a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75Zm.75 2.25h4a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-4a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5Z"></path> </svg> <span class="color-fg-muted">Custom properties</span></a> </div> <h3 class="sr-only">Stars</h3> <div class="mt-2"> <a href="/google/GTMAppAuth/stargazers" data-view-component="true" class="Link Link--muted"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-star mr-2"> <path d="M8 .25a.75.75 0 0 1 .673.418l1.882 3.815 4.21.612a.75.75 0 0 1 .416 1.279l-3.046 2.97.719 4.192a.751.751 0 0 1-1.088.791L8 12.347l-3.766 1.98a.75.75 0 0 1-1.088-.79l.72-4.194L.818 6.374a.75.75 0 0 1 .416-1.28l4.21-.611L7.327.668A.75.75 0 0 1 8 .25Zm0 2.445L6.615 5.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.564.41l-3.097.45 2.24 2.184a.75.75 0 0 1 .216.664l-.528 3.084 2.769-1.456a.75.75 0 0 1 .698 0l2.77 1.456-.53-3.084a.75.75 0 0 1 .216-.664l2.24-2.183-3.096-.45a.75.75 0 0 1-.564-.41L8 2.694Z"></path> </svg> <strong>391</strong> stars</a> </div> <h3 class="sr-only">Watchers</h3> <div class="mt-2"> <a href="/google/GTMAppAuth/watchers" data-view-component="true" class="Link Link--muted"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-eye mr-2"> <path d="M8 2c1.981 0 3.671.992 4.933 2.078 1.27 1.091 2.187 2.345 2.637 3.023a1.62 1.62 0 0 1 0 1.798c-.45.678-1.367 1.932-2.637 3.023C11.67 13.008 9.981 14 8 14c-1.981 0-3.671-.992-4.933-2.078C1.797 10.83.88 9.576.43 8.898a1.62 1.62 0 0 1 0-1.798c.45-.677 1.367-1.931 2.637-3.022C4.33 2.992 6.019 2 8 2ZM1.679 7.932a.12.12 0 0 0 0 .136c.411.622 1.241 1.75 2.366 2.717C5.176 11.758 6.527 12.5 8 12.5c1.473 0 2.825-.742 3.955-1.715 1.124-.967 1.954-2.096 2.366-2.717a.12.12 0 0 0 0-.136c-.412-.621-1.242-1.75-2.366-2.717C10.824 4.242 9.473 3.5 8 3.5c-1.473 0-2.825.742-3.955 1.715-1.124.967-1.954 2.096-2.366 2.717ZM8 10a2 2 0 1 1-.001-3.999A2 2 0 0 1 8 10Z"></path> </svg> <strong>81</strong> watching</a> </div> <h3 class="sr-only">Forks</h3> <div class="mt-2"> <a href="/google/GTMAppAuth/forks" data-view-component="true" class="Link Link--muted"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo-forked mr-2"> <path d="M5 5.372v.878c0 .414.336.75.75.75h4.5a.75.75 0 0 0 .75-.75v-.878a2.25 2.25 0 1 1 1.5 0v.878a2.25 2.25 0 0 1-2.25 2.25h-1.5v2.128a2.251 2.251 0 1 1-1.5 0V8.5h-1.5A2.25 2.25 0 0 1 3.5 6.25v-.878a2.25 2.25 0 1 1 1.5 0ZM5 3.25a.75.75 0 1 0-1.5 0 .75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0Zm6.75.75a.75.75 0 1 0 0-1.5.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5Zm-3 8.75a.75.75 0 1 0-1.5 0 .75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0Z"></path> </svg> <strong>201</strong> forks</a> </div> <div class="mt-2"> <a class="Link--muted" href="/contact/report-content?content_url=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fgoogle%2FGTMAppAuth&report=google+%28user%29"> Report repository </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="BorderGrid-row"> <div class="BorderGrid-cell"> <h2 class="h4 mb-3" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container" data-turbo-frame="repo-content-turbo-frame"> <a href="/google/GTMAppAuth/releases" data-view-component="true" class="Link--primary no-underline Link">Releases <span title="19" data-view-component="true" class="Counter">19</span></a></h2> <a class="Link--primary d-flex no-underline" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container" data-turbo-frame="repo-content-turbo-frame" href="/google/GTMAppAuth/releases/tag/4.1.1"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-tag flex-shrink-0 mt-1 color-fg-success"> <path d="M1 7.775V2.75C1 1.784 1.784 1 2.75 1h5.025c.464 0 .91.184 1.238.513l6.25 6.25a1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 2.474l-5.026 5.026a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-2.474 0l-6.25-6.25A1.752 1.752 0 0 1 1 7.775Zm1.5 0c0 .066.026.13.073.177l6.25 6.25a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l5.025-5.025a.25.25 0 0 0 0-.354l-6.25-6.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.177-.073H2.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25ZM6 5a1 1 0 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 1 0-2Z"></path> </svg> <div class="ml-2 min-width-0"> <div class="d-flex"> <span class="css-truncate css-truncate-target text-bold mr-2" style="max-width: none;">GTMAppAuth 4.1.1</span> <span title="Label: Latest" data-view-component="true" class="Label Label--success flex-shrink-0"> Latest </span> </div> <div class="text-small color-fg-muted"><relative-time datetime="2024-03-14T20:06:22Z" class="no-wrap">Mar 14, 2024</relative-time></div> </div> </a> <div data-view-component="true" class="mt-3"> <a text="small" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container" data-turbo-frame="repo-content-turbo-frame" href="/google/GTMAppAuth/releases" data-view-component="true" class="Link">+ 18 releases</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="BorderGrid-row" hidden> <div class="BorderGrid-cell"> <include-fragment src="/google/GTMAppAuth/used_by_list" accept="text/fragment+html"> </include-fragment> </div> </div> <div class="BorderGrid-row"> <div class="BorderGrid-cell"> <h2 class="h4 mb-3"> <a href="/google/GTMAppAuth/graphs/contributors" data-view-component="true" class="Link--primary no-underline Link d-flex flex-items-center">Contributors <span title="14" data-view-component="true" class="Counter ml-1">14</span></a></h2> <ul class="list-style-none d-flex flex-wrap mb-n2"> <li class="mb-2 mr-2" > <a href="https://github.com/petea" class="" data-hovercard-type="user" data-hovercard-url="/users/petea/hovercard" data-octo-click="hovercard-link-click" data-octo-dimensions="link_type:self" > <img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/102201?s=64&v=4" alt="@petea" size="32" height="32" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="avatar circle" /> </a> </li> <li class="mb-2 mr-2" > <a href="https://github.com/mdmathias" class="" data-hovercard-type="user" data-hovercard-url="/users/mdmathias/hovercard" data-octo-click="hovercard-link-click" data-octo-dimensions="link_type:self" > <img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/4029922?s=64&v=4" alt="@mdmathias" size="32" height="32" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="avatar circle" /> </a> </li> <li class="mb-2 mr-2" > <a href="https://github.com/WilliamDenniss" class="" data-hovercard-type="user" data-hovercard-url="/users/WilliamDenniss/hovercard" data-octo-click="hovercard-link-click" data-octo-dimensions="link_type:self" > <img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/445150?s=64&v=4" alt="@WilliamDenniss" size="32" height="32" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="avatar circle" /> </a> </li> <li class="mb-2 mr-2" > <a href="https://github.com/maxgoedjen" class="" data-hovercard-type="user" data-hovercard-url="/users/maxgoedjen/hovercard" data-octo-click="hovercard-link-click" data-octo-dimensions="link_type:self" > <img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/342665?s=64&v=4" alt="@maxgoedjen" size="32" height="32" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="avatar circle" /> </a> </li> <li class="mb-2 mr-2" > <a href="https://github.com/karimhm" class="" data-hovercard-type="user" 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