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aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chernobyl" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chernobyl"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Chernobyl</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chernobyl-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Hiroshima and Nagasaki</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nuclear_weapons_testing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nuclear_weapons_testing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Nuclear weapons testing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nuclear_weapons_testing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fukushima" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fukushima"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Fukushima</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fukushima-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Netherlands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Netherlands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>The Netherlands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Netherlands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Belgium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belgium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Belgium</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Belgium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Formulations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formulations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Formulations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formulations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Potassium iodide</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 50 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliumjodied" title="Kaliumjodied – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kaliumjodied" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="يوديد البوتاسيوم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="يوديد البوتاسيوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalium_yodid" title="Kalium yodid – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kalium yodid" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A1" title="পটাসিয়াম আয়োডাইড – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পটাসিয়াম আয়োডাইড" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%81%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B4_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E" title="Ёдыд калю – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ёдыд калю" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Калиев йодид – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Калиев йодид" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalij-jodid" title="Kalij-jodid – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kalij-jodid" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodur_de_potassi" title="Iodur de potassi – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Iodur de potassi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jodid_draseln%C3%BD" title="Jodid draselný – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jodid draselný" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliumiodid" title="Kaliumiodid – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kaliumiodid" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliumiodid" title="Kaliumiodid – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kaliumiodid" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoduro_de_potasio" title="Yoduro de potasio – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Yoduro de potasio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalia_jodido" title="Kalia jodido – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kalia jodido" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85_%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="پتاسیم یدید – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پتاسیم یدید" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodure_de_potassium" title="Iodure de potassium – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Iodure de potassium" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%9D%B4%EC%98%A4%EB%94%98%ED%99%94_%EC%B9%BC%EB%A5%A8" title="아이오딘화 칼륨 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아이오딘화 칼륨" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1" title="पोटासियम आयोडाइड – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पोटासियम आयोडाइड" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalijev_jodid" title="Kalijev jodid – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kalijev jodid" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalium_iodida" title="Kalium iodida – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kalium iodida" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioduro_di_potassio" title="Ioduro di potassio – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ioduro di potassio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%9F_%D7%99%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99" title="אשלגן יודי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אשלגן יודי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Калий йодиды – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Калий йодиды" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Калий иодиди – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Калий иодиди" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%81lija_jod%C4%ABds" title="Kālija jodīds – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kālija jodīds" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A1lium-jodid" title="Kálium-jodid – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kálium-jodid" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC_%D1%98%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Калиум јодид – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Калиум јодид" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalium_iodida" title="Kalium iodida – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kalium iodida" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliumjodide" title="Kaliumjodide – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kaliumjodide" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A8%E3%82%A6%E5%8C%96%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A0" title="ヨウ化カリウム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヨウ化カリウム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliumjodid" title="Kaliumjodid – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kaliumjodid" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliumjodid" title="Kaliumjodid – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kaliumjodid" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%85%E0%AC%AE_%E0%AC%86%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%A1" title="ପୋଟାସିଅମ ଆୟୋଡାଇଡ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ପୋଟାସିଅମ ଆୟୋଡାଇଡ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%B9%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%A2%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%88" title="پوٹاشیم آیوڈائیڈ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پوٹاشیم آیوڈائیڈ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jodek_potasu" title="Jodek potasu – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jodek potasu" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ionic compound (KI)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Pharmaceutical compound</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1269284339">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .dark_mode_safe img{background-color:var(--background-color-inverted,#f8f9fa)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .dark_mode_safe img{background-color:var(--background-color-inverted,#f8f9fa)}}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="border-spacing:2px;"><caption class="infobox-title"><span title="International nonproprietary name (INN): Potassium iodide">Potassium iodide</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size dark_mode_safe" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Potassium_iodide.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Potassium_iodide.jpg/220px-Potassium_iodide.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Potassium_iodide.jpg/330px-Potassium_iodide.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Potassium_iodide.jpg/440px-Potassium_iodide.jpg 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="588" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size bg-transparent" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Potassium-iodide-3D-ionic.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Potassium-iodide-3D-ionic.png/220px-Potassium-iodide-3D-ionic.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Potassium-iodide-3D-ionic.png/330px-Potassium-iodide-3D-ionic.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Potassium-iodide-3D-ionic.png/440px-Potassium-iodide-3D-ionic.png 2x" data-file-width="1054" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;">Clinical data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Drug_nomenclature#Trade_names" title="Drug nomenclature">Trade names</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Iosat, Thyrosafe, Thyroshield, others</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data">SSKI</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Health-System_Pharmacists" title="American Society of Health-System Pharmacists">AHFS</a>/<a href="/wiki/Drugs.com" title="Drugs.com">Drugs.com</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="www.drugs.com"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugs.com/monograph/potassium-iodide.html">Monograph</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_therapeutic_goods" title="Regulation of therapeutic goods">License data</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="United States">US</abbr></small> <a href="/wiki/DailyMed" title="DailyMed">DailyMed</a>: <span title="dailymed.nlm.nih.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?labeltype=all&query=Potassium+iodide">Potassium iodide</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Route_of_administration" title="Route of administration">Routes of<br />administration</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/By_mouth" class="mw-redirect" title="By mouth">By mouth</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_Therapeutic_Chemical_Classification_System" title="Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System">ATC code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATC_code_R05" title="ATC code R05">R05CA02</a> (<span title="www.whocc.no"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=R05CA02">WHO</a></span>) <a href="/wiki/ATC_code_S01" title="ATC code S01">S01XA04</a> (<span title="www.whocc.no"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=S01XA04">WHO</a></span>), <a href="/wiki/ATC_code_V03" title="ATC code V03">V03AB21</a> (<span title="www.whocc.no"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=V03AB21">WHO</a></span>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;">Legal status</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_therapeutic_goods" title="Regulation of therapeutic goods">Legal status</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="United States">US</abbr>:</small> <a href="/wiki/Boxed_warning" title="Boxed warning"><span style="border:thin solid black;">WARNING</span></a><sup id="cite_ref-FDA-AllBoxedWarnings_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDA-AllBoxedWarnings-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>OTC</li></ul></div> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/IUPAC_nomenclature_of_chemistry" title="IUPAC nomenclature of chemistry">IUPAC name</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; text-indent:-1.5em;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="font-size: 97%;">Potassium iodide</div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/CAS_Registry_Number" title="CAS Registry Number">CAS Number</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="commonchemistry.cas.org"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=7681-11-0">7681-11-0</a></span> <sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/PubChem#CID" title="PubChem">PubChem</a> <span style="font-weight:normal"><abbr title="Compound ID">CID</abbr></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/4875">4875</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/DrugBank" title="DrugBank">DrugBank</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.drugbank.ca"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB06715">DB06715</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.chemspider.com"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.4709.html">4709</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Unique_Ingredient_Identifier" title="Unique Ingredient Identifier">UNII</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="precision.fda.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/1C4QK22F9J">1C4QK22F9J</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG">KEGG</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.kegg.jp"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kegg.jp/entry/D01016">D01016</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ChEBI" title="ChEBI">ChEBI</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:8346">CHEBI:8346</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ChEMBL" title="ChEMBL">ChEMBL</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/ChEMBL1141">ChEMBL1141</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/CompTox_Chemicals_Dashboard" title="CompTox Chemicals Dashboard">CompTox Dashboard</a> <span style="font-weight:normal">(<abbr title="U.S. Environmental Protection Agency">EPA</abbr>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="comptox.epa.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID7034836">DTXSID7034836</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121874#P3117" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ECHA_InfoCard" class="mw-redirect" title="ECHA InfoCard"><span title="echa.europa.eu">ECHA InfoCard</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.028.782">100.028.782</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121874#P2566" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;">Chemical and physical data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">Formula</a></th><td class="infobox-data">KI</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;">3D model (<a href="/wiki/JSmol" class="mw-redirect" title="JSmol">JSmol</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="chemapps.stolaf.edu (3D interactive model)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=%5BK%2B%5D.%5BI-%5D">Interactive image</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">Density</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3.13<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> g/cm<sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Melting_point" title="Melting point">Melting point</a></th><td class="infobox-data">681 °C (1,258 °F)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Boiling_point" title="Boiling point">Boiling point</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,330 °C (2,430 °F)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Aqueous_solution" title="Aqueous solution">Solubility in water</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1280 mg/mL (0 °C (32 °F)) <br /> 1400 mg/mL (20 °C (68 °F)) <br /> 1760 mg/mL (60 °C (140 °F)) <br /> 2060 mg/mL (100 °C (212 °F)) <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1170367383">.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-ref{float:right;padding:1px;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-container{width:82px;font-family:sans-serif;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-container-ref{float:left;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-images{float:left;font-size:20px;text-align:center;position:relative;height:80px;width:80px;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-map{position:absolute;height:80px;width:80px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond .noresize{margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-code{line-height:1em;text-align:center;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-code>a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-blue{width:13px;top:31px;left:15px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-red{width:12px;top:12px;left:35px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-yellow{width:13px;top:31px;left:54px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-image{position:relative;top:51px;left:0}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-text{vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;line-height:80%;position:absolute;top:52px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-text a>span{position:absolute;color:black}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-wors{font-size:15px;width:23px;left:29px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-wox{font-size:15px;font-stretch:condensed;width:21px;line-height:80%;top:-4px;left:29px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-abcp{font-size:13.5px;font-stretch:condensed;width:28px;left:26px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-ac{font-size:10px;width:30px;left:25px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-strike{text-decoration:line-through}</style><div class="nfpa-704-diamond notheme"><div class="nfpa-74-diamond-refs"><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-container nfpa-704-diamond-container-ref"><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-images nounderlines" style="background:#ff7623;"> <div class="nfpa-704-diamond-map"><figure class="noresize" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="NFPA 704 four-colored diamond" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/80px-NFPA_704.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/120px-NFPA_704.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/160px-NFPA_704.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" usemap="#ImageMap_b27845110d7e52b0" /></span><map name="ImageMap_b27845110d7e52b0"><area href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Blue" shape="poly" coords="23,23,47,47,23,70,0,47" alt="Health 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g. chloroform" title="Health 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g. chloroform" /><area href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Red" shape="poly" coords="47,0,70,23,47,47,23,23" alt="Flammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. water" title="Flammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. water" /><area href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Yellow" shape="poly" coords="70,23,94,47,70,70,47,47" alt="Instability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogen" title="Instability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogen" /><area href="/wiki/NFPA_704#White" shape="poly" coords="47,47,70,70,47,94,23,70" alt="Special hazards (white): no code" title="Special hazards (white): no code" /></map><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-code nfpa-704-diamond-blue"> <a href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Blue" title="NFPA 704"><span title="Health 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g. chloroform" class="notheme mw-no-invert">2</span></a></div><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-code nfpa-704-diamond-red"> <a href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Red" title="NFPA 704"><span title="Flammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. water" class="notheme mw-no-invert">0</span></a></div><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-code nfpa-704-diamond-yellow"> <a href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Yellow" title="NFPA 704"><span title="Instability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogen" class="notheme mw-no-invert">0</span></a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Simplified molecular-input line-entry system">SMILES</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">[K+].[I-]</div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/International_Chemical_Identifier" title="International Chemical Identifier">InChI</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">InChI=1S/HI.K/h1H;/q;+1/p-1<sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Key:NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M</div></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Potassium iodide</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Chemical_compound" title="Chemical compound">chemical compound</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_drug" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharmaceutical drug">medication</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dietary_supplement" title="Dietary supplement">dietary supplement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-St2002_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-St2002-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a medication used for treating <a href="/wiki/Hyperthyroidism" title="Hyperthyroidism">hyperthyroidism</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Radiation_emergencies" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiation emergencies">radiation emergencies</a>, and for protecting the <a href="/wiki/Thyroid_gland" class="mw-redirect" title="Thyroid gland">thyroid gland</a> when certain types of <a href="/wiki/Radiopharmaceutical" title="Radiopharmaceutical">radiopharmaceuticals</a> are used.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2017_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2017-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also used for treating skin <a href="/wiki/Sporotrichosis" title="Sporotrichosis">sporotrichosis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Phycomycosis" title="Phycomycosis">phycomycosis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2017_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2017-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WHO2008_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO2008-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a supplement used by people with low dietary intake of <a href="/wiki/Iodine" title="Iodine">iodine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-St2002_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-St2002-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is administered orally.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2017_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2017-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Common side effects include vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, rash, and swelling of the <a href="/wiki/Salivary_gland" title="Salivary gland">salivary glands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2017_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2017-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other side effects include <a href="/wiki/Allergy" title="Allergy">allergic reactions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Headache" title="Headache">headache</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goitre" title="Goitre">goitre</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Depression_(mood)" title="Depression (mood)">depression</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO2008_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO2008-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While use during <a href="/wiki/Pregnancy" title="Pregnancy">pregnancy</a> may harm the baby, its use is still recommended in radiation emergencies.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2017_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2017-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Potassium iodide has the <a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">chemical formula</a> <a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium">K</a><a href="/wiki/Iodide" title="Iodide">I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Commercially it is made by mixing <a href="/wiki/Potassium_hydroxide" title="Potassium hydroxide">potassium hydroxide</a> with iodine.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Potassium iodide has been used medically since at least 1820.<sup id="cite_ref-Or2012_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Or2012-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is on the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization%27s_List_of_Essential_Medicines" class="mw-redirect" title="World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines">World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO21st_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO21st-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Potassium iodide is available as a <a href="/wiki/Generic_medication" class="mw-redirect" title="Generic medication">generic medication</a> and <a href="/wiki/Over_the_counter" class="mw-redirect" title="Over the counter">over the counter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ric2015_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ric2015-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Potassium iodide is also used for the <a href="/wiki/Iodization_of_salt" class="mw-redirect" title="Iodization of salt">iodization of salt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-St2002_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-St2002-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medical_uses">Medical uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potassium_iodide&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Medical uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dietary_supplement">Dietary supplement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potassium_iodide&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Dietary supplement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Potassium iodide is a nutritional supplement in animal feeds and also in the human diet. In humans it is the most common additive used for iodizing <a href="/wiki/Sodium_chloride" title="Sodium chloride">table salt</a> (a public health measure to prevent <a href="/wiki/Iodine_deficiency" title="Iodine deficiency">iodine deficiency</a> in populations that get little seafood). The oxidation of iodide causes slow loss of iodine content from <a href="/wiki/Iodised_salt" title="Iodised salt">iodised salts</a> that are exposed to excess air. The alkali metal iodide salt, over time and exposure to excess oxygen and carbon dioxide, slowly oxidizes to metal carbonate and elemental iodine, which then evaporates.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Potassium_iodate" title="Potassium iodate">Potassium iod<i>ate</i></a> (<a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium">K</a><a href="/wiki/Iodine" title="Iodine">I</a><a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">O<sub>3</sub></a>) is used to iodize some salts so that the iodine is not lost by oxidation. <a href="/wiki/Dextrose" class="mw-redirect" title="Dextrose">Dextrose</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sodium_thiosulfate" title="Sodium thiosulfate">sodium thiosulfate</a> are often added to iodized table salt to stabilize potassium iodide thus reducing loss of the volatile chemical.<sup id="cite_ref-SI_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SI-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thyroid_protection_in_nuclear_accidents">Thyroid protection in nuclear accidents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potassium_iodide&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Thyroid protection in nuclear accidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_accidents" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear accidents">Nuclear accidents</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pheochromocytoma_Scan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Pheochromocytoma_Scan.jpg/170px-Pheochromocytoma_Scan.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Pheochromocytoma_Scan.jpg/255px-Pheochromocytoma_Scan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Pheochromocytoma_Scan.jpg/340px-Pheochromocytoma_Scan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="526" data-file-height="747" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pheochromocytoma" title="Pheochromocytoma">Pheochromocytoma</a> seen like a dark sphere in center of the body. Image is by <a href="/wiki/MIBG" class="mw-redirect" title="MIBG">MIBG</a> <a href="/wiki/Scintigraphy" title="Scintigraphy">scintigraphy</a> with radiation from <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_iodine#Notable_radioisotopes" title="Isotopes of iodine">radioiodine</a> in the MIBG. Note unwanted uptake of radioiodine from the pharmaceutical by the thyroid gland in the neck, in both images (front and back) of the same patient. Radioactivity is also seen in the bladder.</figcaption></figure><p>Thyroid iodine uptake blockade with potassium iodide is used in <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_medicine" title="Nuclear medicine">nuclear medicine</a> <a href="/wiki/Scintigraphy" title="Scintigraphy">scintigraphy</a> and therapy with some radioiodinated compounds that are not targeted to the thyroid, such as <a href="/wiki/Iobenguane" title="Iobenguane">iobenguane</a> (<a href="/wiki/MIBG" class="mw-redirect" title="MIBG">MIBG</a>), which is used to image or treat neural tissue tumors, or iodinated <a href="/wiki/Fibrinogen" title="Fibrinogen">fibrinogen</a>, which is used in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fibrinogen_scan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fibrinogen scan (page does not exist)">fibrinogen scans</a> to investigate clotting. These compounds contain iodine, but not in the iodide form. Since they may be ultimately metabolized or break down to radioactive iodide, it is common to administer non-radioactive potassium iodide to ensure that iodide from these radiopharmaceuticals is not sequestered by the normal affinity of the thyroid for iodide. </p><p>The World Health Organization (WHO) provides guidelines for potassium iodide use following a nuclear accident. The dosage of potassium iodide is age-dependent: neonates (<1 month) require 16 mg/day; children aged 1 month to 3 years need 32 mg/day; those aged 3-12 years need 65 mg/day; and individuals over 12 years and adults require 130 mg/day.<sup id="cite_ref-thyroid-rad_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thyroid-rad-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These dosages list mass of potassium iodide rather than elemental iodine.<sup id="cite_ref-ratio_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ratio-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-thyroid-rad_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thyroid-rad-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Potassium iodide can be administered as tablets or as <a href="/wiki/Lugol%27s_iodine" title="Lugol's iodine">Lugol's iodine</a> solution.<sup id="cite_ref-thyroid-rad_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thyroid-rad-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same dosage is recommended by the US <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-fda-radio-protection_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fda-radio-protection-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A single daily dose is typically sufficient for 24-hour protection.<sup id="cite_ref-thyroid-rad_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thyroid-rad-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in cases of prolonged or repeated exposure, health authorities may recommend multiple daily doses.<sup id="cite_ref-thyroid-rad_16-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thyroid-rad-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Priority for prophylaxis is given to the most sensitive groups: pregnant and breastfeeding women, infants, and children under 18 years.<sup id="cite_ref-thyroid-rad_16-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thyroid-rad-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The recommended doses of potassium iodide, which contains a stable isotope of iodine, only protect the thyroid gland from radioactive iodine.<sup id="cite_ref-thyroid-rad_16-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thyroid-rad-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It does not offer protection against other radioactive substances.<sup id="cite_ref-thyroid-rad_16-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thyroid-rad-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some sources recommend alternative dosing regimens.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Statement needs to be more specific about the content to which it refers.">specify</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Olivier_2003_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olivier_2003-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Not all sources are in agreement on the necessary <i>duration</i> of thyroid blockade, although agreement appears to have been reached about the <i>necessity</i> of blockade for both <a href="/wiki/Scintigraphic" class="mw-redirect" title="Scintigraphic">scintigraphic</a> and therapeutic applications of iobenguane. Commercially available iobenguane is labeled with <a href="/wiki/Iodine-123" title="Iodine-123">iodine-123</a>, and product labeling recommends administration of potassium iodide 1 hour prior to administration of the radiopharmaceutical for all age groups,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the <a href="/wiki/European_Association_of_Nuclear_Medicine" title="European Association of Nuclear Medicine">European Association of Nuclear Medicine</a> recommends (for iobenguane labeled with either isotope), that potassium iodide administration begin one day prior to radiopharmaceutical administration, and continue until the day following the injection, with the exception of new-borns, who do not require potassium iodide doses following radiopharmaceutical injection.<sup id="cite_ref-Olivier_2003_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olivier_2003-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NUREG1250_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NUREG1250-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Product labeling for diagnostic <a href="/wiki/Iodine-131" title="Iodine-131">iodine-131</a> iobenguane recommends potassium iodide administration one day before injection and continuing 5 to 7 days following administration, in keeping with the much longer half-life of this isotope and its greater danger to the thyroid.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Iodine-131 iobenguane used for therapeutic purposes requires a different pre-medication duration, beginning 24–48 hours prior to iobenguane injection and continuing 10–15 days following injection.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid18274745_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18274745-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="float: right; margin-left:15px; text-align:center"> <caption>WHO recommended dose for radiological emergencies involving radioactive iodine<sup id="cite_ref-WHO_Guidelines_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO_Guidelines-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-thyroid-rad_16-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thyroid-rad-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Age </th> <th scope="col">KI in mg per day </th></tr> <tr> <td>Over 12 years old </td> <td style="text-align: center">130 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 – 12 years old </td> <td style="text-align: center">65 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 – 36 months old </td> <td style="text-align: center">32 </td></tr> <tr> <td>< 1 month old </td> <td style="text-align: center">16 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 1982, the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> approved potassium iodide to protect <a href="/wiki/Thyroid" title="Thyroid">thyroid</a> glands from <a href="/wiki/Radioiodine" class="mw-redirect" title="Radioiodine">radioactive iodine</a> involving accidents or fission emergencies. In an accidental event or attack on a <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_plant" title="Nuclear power plant">nuclear power plant</a>, or in <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fallout" title="Nuclear fallout">nuclear bomb fallout</a>, volatile <a href="/wiki/Fission_product" class="mw-redirect" title="Fission product">fission product</a> <a href="/wiki/Radionuclides" class="mw-redirect" title="Radionuclides">radionuclides</a> may be released. Of these products, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Iodine-131" title="Iodine-131"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:right"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">131</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span>I<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span></a></span> (Iodine-131) is one of the most common and is particularly dangerous to the thyroid gland because it may lead to <a href="/wiki/Thyroid_cancer" title="Thyroid cancer">thyroid cancer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By saturating the body with a source of stable iodide prior to exposure, inhaled or ingested <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:right"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">131</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span>I<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span></span> tends to be excreted, which prevents radioiodine uptake by the thyroid. According to one 2000 study "KI administered up to 48 h before <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:right"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">131</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span>I<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span></span> exposure can almost completely block thyroid uptake and therefore greatly reduce the thyroid absorbed dose. However, KI administration 96 h or more before <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:right"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">131</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span>I<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span></span> exposure has no significant protective effect. In contrast, KI administration after exposure to radioiodine induces a smaller and rapidly decreasing blockade effect."<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the FDA, KI should not be taken as a preventative before radiation exposure. Since KI protects for approximately 24 hours, it must be dosed daily until a risk of significant exposure to radioiodine no longer exists.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Emergency 130 milligrams potassium iodide doses provide 100 mg iodide (the other 30 mg is the potassium in the compound),<sup id="cite_ref-ratio_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ratio-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is roughly 700 times larger than the normal nutritional need (see <a href="/wiki/Recommended_dietary_allowance" class="mw-redirect" title="Recommended dietary allowance">recommended dietary allowance</a>) for iodine, which is 150 micrograms (0.15 mg) of iodine (as iodide) per day for an adult. A typical tablet weighs 160 mg, with 130 mg of potassium iodide and 30 mg of <a href="/wiki/Excipients" class="mw-redirect" title="Excipients">excipients</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Binding_agent" class="mw-redirect" title="Binding agent">binding agents</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ratio_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ratio-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Potassium iodide cannot protect against any other mechanisms of <a href="/wiki/Radiation_poisoning" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiation poisoning">radiation poisoning</a>, nor can it provide any degree of protection against <a href="/wiki/Dirty_bomb" title="Dirty bomb">dirty bombs</a> that produce radionuclides other than those of iodine.<sup id="cite_ref-thyroid-rad_16-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thyroid-rad-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The potassium iodide in <a href="/wiki/Iodized_salt" class="mw-redirect" title="Iodized salt">iodized salt</a> is insufficient for this use.<sup id="cite_ref-who-japan_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-who-japan-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A likely <a href="/wiki/Lethal_dose" title="Lethal dose">lethal dose</a> of salt (more than a kilogram<sup id="cite_ref-cfr_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cfr-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) would be needed to equal the potassium iodide in one tablet.<sup id="cite_ref-nacl-msds_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nacl-msds-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> does not recommend KI prophylaxis for adults over 40 years, unless the radiation dose from inhaled radioiodine is expected to threaten thyroid function, because the KI side effects increase with age and may exceed the KI protective effects; "...unless doses to the thyroid from inhalation rise to levels threatening thyroid function, that is of the order of about 5 <a href="/wiki/Gray_(unit)" title="Gray (unit)">Gy</a>. Such radiation doses will not occur far away from an accident site."<sup id="cite_ref-WHO_Guidelines_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO_Guidelines-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-thyroid-rad_16-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thyroid-rad-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The U.S. <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Health and Human Services">Department of Health and Human Services</a> restated these two years later as "The downward KI (potassium iodide) dose adjustment by age group, based on body size considerations, adheres to the principle of minimum effective dose. The recommended standard (daily) dose of KI for all school-age children is the same (65 mg). However, adolescents approaching adult size (i.e., >70 kg [154 lbs]) should receive the full adult dose (130 mg) for maximal block of thyroid radioiodine uptake. Neonates ideally should receive the lowest dose (16 mg) of KI."<sup id="cite_ref-HHS_Guidelines_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HHS_Guidelines-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Side_effects">Side effects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potassium_iodide&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Side effects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> There is reason for caution with prescribing the ingestion of high doses of potassium iodide and iodate, because their unnecessary use can cause conditions such as the <a href="/wiki/Jod-Basedow_phenomenon" title="Jod-Basedow phenomenon">Jod-Basedow phenomena</a>, trigger and/or worsen <a href="/wiki/Hyperthyroidism" title="Hyperthyroidism">hyperthyroidism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hypothyroidism" title="Hypothyroidism">hypothyroidism</a>, and then cause temporary or even permanent thyroid conditions.<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style></p><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Potassium_iodide" title="Special:EditPage/Potassium iodide">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Potassium+iodide%22">"Potassium iodide"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Potassium+iodide%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Potassium+iodide%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Potassium+iodide%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Potassium+iodide%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Potassium+iodide%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><p> It can also cause <a href="/wiki/Sialadenitis" title="Sialadenitis">sialadenitis</a> (an inflammation of the salivary gland), gastrointestinal disturbances, and rashes.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"></p><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Potassium_iodide" title="Special:EditPage/Potassium iodide">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Potassium+iodide%22">"Potassium iodide"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Potassium+iodide%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Potassium+iodide%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Potassium+iodide%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Potassium+iodide%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Potassium+iodide%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><p> Potassium iodide is also not recommended for people with <a href="/wiki/Dermatitis_herpetiformis" title="Dermatitis herpetiformis">dermatitis herpetiformis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hypocomplementemic_vasculitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypocomplementemic vasculitis">hypocomplementemic vasculitis</a> – conditions that are linked to a risk of iodine sensitivity.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There have been some reports of potassium iodide treatment causing swelling of the <a href="/wiki/Parotid_gland" title="Parotid gland">parotid gland</a> (one of the three <a href="/wiki/Glands" class="mw-redirect" title="Glands">glands</a> that secrete <a href="/wiki/Saliva" title="Saliva">saliva</a>), due to its stimulatory effects on saliva production.<sup id="cite_ref-Pathophysiology_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pathophysiology-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A saturated solution of KI (SSKI) is typically given orally in adult doses several times a day (5 drops of SSKI assumed to be <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">3</span></span> mL) for thyroid blockade (to prevent the thyroid from excreting thyroid hormone) and occasionally this dose is also used, when iodide is used as an expectorant (the total dose is about one gram KI per day for an adult). The anti-radioiodine doses used for <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:right"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">131</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span>I<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span></span> uptake blockade are lower, and range downward from 100  mg a day for an adult, to less than this for children (see table). All of these doses should be compared with the far lower dose of iodine needed in normal nutrition, which is only 150 μg per day (150 micrograms, not milligrams). </p><p>At maximal doses, and sometimes at much lower doses, side effects of iodide used for medical reasons, in doses of 1000 times the normal nutritional need, may include: acne, loss of appetite, or upset stomach (especially during the first several days, as the body adjusts to the medication). More severe side effects that require notification of a physician are: fever, weakness, unusual tiredness, swelling in the neck or throat,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> mouth sores, skin rash, nausea, vomiting, stomach pains, irregular heartbeat,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> numbness or tingling of the hands or feet, or a metallic taste in the mouth.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In the event of a radioiodine release the ingestion of prophylaxis potassium iodide, if available, or even iodate, would rightly take precedence over perchlorate administration, and would be the first line of defence in protecting the population from a radioiodine release. However, in the event of a radioiodine release too massive and widespread to be controlled by the limited stock of iodide and iodate prophylaxis drugs, then the addition of perchlorate ions to the water supply, or distribution of perchlorate tablets would serve as a cheap, efficacious, second line of defense against <a href="/wiki/Carcinogenic" class="mw-redirect" title="Carcinogenic">carcinogenic</a> radioiodine bioaccumulation. </p><p>The ingestion of goitrogen drugs is, much like potassium iodide also not without its dangers, such as <a href="/wiki/Hypothyroidism" title="Hypothyroidism">hypothyroidism</a>. In all these cases however, despite the risks, the prophylaxis benefits of intervention with iodide, iodate or perchlorate outweigh the serious cancer risk from radioiodine <a href="/wiki/Bioaccumulation" title="Bioaccumulation">bioaccumulation</a> in regions where radioiodine has sufficiently contaminated the environment. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Industrial_uses">Industrial uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potassium_iodide&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Industrial uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>KI is used with silver nitrate to make <a href="/wiki/Silver_iodide" title="Silver iodide">silver iodide</a> (AgI), an important chemical in film photography. KI is a component in some disinfectants and hair treatment chemicals. KI is also used as a <a href="/wiki/Fluorescence_quenching" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluorescence quenching">fluorescence quenching</a> agent in biomedical research, an application that takes advantage of collisional quenching of fluorescent substances by the iodide ion. However, for several fluorophores addition of KI in μM-mM concentrations results in increase of fluorescence intensity, and iodide acts as fluorescence enhancer.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Potassium iodide is a component in the electrolyte of <a href="/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell" title="Dye-sensitized solar cell">dye sensitised solar cells</a> (DSSC) along with iodine. </p><p>Potassium iodide finds its most important applications in organic synthesis mainly in the preparation of aryl iodides in the <a href="/wiki/Sandmeyer_reaction" title="Sandmeyer reaction">Sandmeyer reaction</a>, starting from aryl amines. Aryl iodides are in turn used to attach aryl groups to other organics by nucleophilic substitution, with iodide ion as the leaving group. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chemistry">Chemistry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potassium_iodide&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Chemistry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Potassium iodide is an <a href="/wiki/Ionic_compound" class="mw-redirect" title="Ionic compound">ionic compound</a> which is made of the following <a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">ions</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1123817410">.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su{display:inline-block;font-size:80%;line-height:1;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su>span{display:block;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output sub.template-chem2-sub{font-size:80%;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output sup.template-chem2-sup{font-size:80%;vertical-align:0.65em}</style><span class="chemf nowrap">K<sup class="template-chem2-sup">+</sup>I<sup class="template-chem2-sup">−</sup></span>. It crystallises in the <a href="/wiki/Sodium_chloride" title="Sodium chloride">sodium chloride</a> structure. It is produced industrially by treating KOH with iodine.<sup id="cite_ref-Ullmann_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ullmann-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is a white <a href="/wiki/Salt_(chemistry)" title="Salt (chemistry)">salt</a>, which is the most commercially significant iodide compound, with approximately 37,000 tons produced in 1985. It absorbs water less readily than <a href="/wiki/Sodium_iodide" title="Sodium iodide">sodium iodide</a>, making it easier to work with. </p><p>Aged and impure samples are yellow because of the slow <a href="/wiki/Oxidation" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxidation">oxidation</a> of the salt to <a href="/wiki/Potassium_carbonate" title="Potassium carbonate">potassium carbonate</a> and elemental <a href="/wiki/Iodine" title="Iodine">iodine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ullmann_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ullmann-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">4 KI + 2 CO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub> + O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub> → 2 K<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>CO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub> + 2 I<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inorganic_chemistry">Inorganic chemistry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potassium_iodide&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Inorganic chemistry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since the <a href="/wiki/Iodide" title="Iodide">iodide</a> ion is a mild <a href="/wiki/Redox" title="Redox">reducing agent</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">I<sup class="template-chem2-sup">−</sup></span> is easily oxidised to <a href="/wiki/Iodine" title="Iodine">iodine</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">I<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span>) by powerful <a href="/wiki/Redox" title="Redox">oxidising agents</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine">chlorine</a>: </p> <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">2 KI<sub class="template-chem2-sub">(aq)</sub> + Cl<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub><sub class="template-chem2-sub">(aq)</sub> → 2 KCl<sub class="template-chem2-sub">(aq)</sub> + I<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub><sub class="template-chem2-sub">(aq)</sub></span></dd></dl> <p>This reaction is employed in the isolation of iodine from natural sources. Air will oxidize iodide, as evidenced by the observation of a purple extract when aged samples of KI are rinsed with <a href="/wiki/Dichloromethane" title="Dichloromethane">dichloromethane</a>. As formed under acidic conditions, <a href="/wiki/Hydriodic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydriodic acid">hydriodic acid</a> (HI) is a stronger reducing agent.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Like other iodide salts, KI forms <a href="/wiki/Triiodide" title="Triiodide">triiodide</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">I<span class="template-chem2-su"><span>−</span><span>3</span></span></span>) when combined with elemental <a href="/wiki/Iodine" title="Iodine">iodine</a>. </p> <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">KI<sub class="template-chem2-sub">(aq)</sub> + I<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub><sub class="template-chem2-sub">(s)</sub> → KI<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub><sub class="template-chem2-sub">(aq)</sub></span></dd></dl> <p>Unlike <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">I<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">I<span class="template-chem2-su"><span>−</span><span>3</span></span></span> salts can be highly water-soluble. Through this reaction, <a href="/wiki/Iodine" title="Iodine">iodine</a> is used in <a href="/wiki/Redox" title="Redox">redox</a> <a href="/wiki/Titration" title="Titration">titrations</a>. Aqueous <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">KI<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></span> (<a href="/wiki/Lugol%27s_iodine" title="Lugol's iodine">Lugol's iodine</a>) solution is used as a disinfectant and as an etchant for gold surfaces. </p><p>Potassium iodide and <a href="/wiki/Silver_nitrate" title="Silver nitrate">silver nitrate</a> are used to make <a href="/wiki/Silver(I)_iodide" class="mw-redirect" title="Silver(I) iodide">silver(I) iodide</a>, which is used for high speed <a href="/wiki/Photographic_film" title="Photographic film">photographic film</a> and for <a href="/wiki/Cloud_seeding" title="Cloud seeding">cloud seeding</a>: </p> <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">KI<sub class="template-chem2-sub">(aq)</sub> + 9 AgNO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub><sub class="template-chem2-sub">(aq)</sub> → AgI<sub class="template-chem2-sub">(s)</sub> + KNO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub><sub class="template-chem2-sub">(aq)</sub></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organic_chemistry">Organic chemistry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potassium_iodide&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Organic chemistry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>KI serves as a source of iodide in <a href="/wiki/Organic_synthesis" title="Organic synthesis">organic synthesis</a>. A useful application is in the preparation of aryl iodides from <a href="/wiki/Arenediazonium_salts" class="mw-redirect" title="Arenediazonium salts">arenediazonium salts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sandmeyer_reaction.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Sandmeyer_reaction.svg/400px-Sandmeyer_reaction.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Sandmeyer_reaction.svg/600px-Sandmeyer_reaction.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Sandmeyer_reaction.svg/800px-Sandmeyer_reaction.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="111" /></a></span></dd></dl> <p>KI, acting as a source of iodide, may also act as a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nucleophilic_catalyst&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nucleophilic catalyst (page does not exist)">nucleophilic catalyst</a> for the alkylation of alkyl <a href="/wiki/Chloride" title="Chloride">chlorides</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bromide" title="Bromide">bromides</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Mesylate" title="Mesylate">mesylates</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potassium_iodide&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Potassium iodide has been used medically since at least 1820.<sup id="cite_ref-Or2012_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Or2012-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the earliest uses included cures for <a href="/wiki/Syphilis" title="Syphilis">syphilis</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Or2012_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Or2012-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lead_poisoning" title="Lead poisoning">lead</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mercury_poisoning" title="Mercury poisoning">mercury poisoning</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chernobyl">Chernobyl</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potassium_iodide&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Chernobyl"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Potassium iodide's (KI) value as a radiation protective (thyroid blocking) agent was demonstrated following the <a href="/wiki/Chernobyl_disaster" title="Chernobyl disaster">Chernobyl nuclear reactor disaster</a> in April 1986. A saturated solution of potassium iodide (SSKI) was administered to 10.5 million children and 7 million adults in <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a><sup id="cite_ref-HHS_Guidelines_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HHS_Guidelines-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AJM93_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AJM93-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as a preventative measure against accumulation of radioactive <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:right"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">131</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span>I<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span></span> in the <a href="/wiki/Thyroid" title="Thyroid">thyroid</a> gland. </p><p>Reports differ concerning whether people in the areas immediately surrounding Chernobyl itself were given the supplement.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NUREG1250_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NUREG1250-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) reported, "thousands of measurements of I-131 (radioactive iodine) activity...suggest that the observed levels were lower than would have been expected had this prophylactic measure not been taken. The use of KI...was credited with permissible iodine content in 97% of the evacuees tested."<sup id="cite_ref-NUREG1250_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NUREG1250-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the passage of time, people living in irradiated areas where KI was not available have developed thyroid cancer at epidemic levels, which is why the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) reported "The data clearly demonstrate the risks of thyroid radiation... KI can be used [to] provide safe and effective protection against thyroid cancer caused by irradiation."<sup id="cite_ref-FDA_Talk_Paper_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDA_Talk_Paper-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chernobyl also demonstrated that the need to protect the thyroid from radiation was greater than expected. Within ten years of the accident, it became clear that thyroid damage caused by released radioactive iodine was virtually the only adverse health effect that could be measured. As reported by the NRC, studies after the accident showed that "As of 1996, except for thyroid cancer, there has been no confirmed increase in the rates of other cancers, including leukemia, among the... public, that have been attributed to releases from the accident."<sup id="cite_ref-NRC_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NRC-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>But equally important to the question of KI is the fact that radioactivity releases are not "local" events. Researchers at the World Health Organization accurately located and counted the residents with cancer from Chernobyl and were startled to find that "the increase in incidence [of thyroid cancer] has been documented up to 500 km from the accident site... significant doses from radioactive iodine can occur hundreds of kilometers from the site, beyond emergency planning zones."<sup id="cite_ref-WHO_Guidelines_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO_Guidelines-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consequently, far more people than anticipated were affected by the radiation, which caused the United Nations to report in 2002 that "The number of people with thyroid cancer... has exceeded expectations. Over 11,000 cases have already been reported."<sup id="cite_ref-OCHA_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OCHA-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki">Hiroshima and Nagasaki</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potassium_iodide&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Hiroshima and Nagasaki"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Chernobyl findings were consistent with studies of the effects of previous radioactivity releases. In 1945, several hundreds of thousands of people working and residing in the Japanese cities of <a href="/wiki/Hiroshima" title="Hiroshima">Hiroshima</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nagasaki" title="Nagasaki">Nagasaki</a> were exposed to high levels of radiation after <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">atomic bombs</a> were <a href="/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">detonated over the two cities</a> by the United States. Survivors of the A-bombings, also known as <i><a href="/wiki/Hibakusha" title="Hibakusha">hibakusha</a></i>, have markedly high rates of thyroid disease; a 2006 study of 4091 <i>hibakusha</i> found nearly half the participants (1833; 44.8%) had an identifiable thyroid disease.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An editorial in <i>The Journal of the American Medical Association</i> regarding thyroid diseases in both <i>hibakusha</i> and those affected by the Chernobyl disaster reports that "[a] straight line adequately describes the relationship between radiation dose and thyroid cancer incidence" and states "it is remarkable that a biological effect from a single brief environmental exposure nearly 60 years in the past is still present and can be detected."<sup id="cite_ref-AMA_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AMA-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nuclear_weapons_testing">Nuclear weapons testing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potassium_iodide&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Nuclear weapons testing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The development of thyroid cancer among residents in the <a href="/wiki/North_Pacific" class="mw-redirect" title="North Pacific">North Pacific</a> from radioactive fallout following the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Proving_Grounds" title="Pacific Proving Grounds">United States' nuclear weapons testing</a> in the 1950s (on islands nearly 200 miles downwind of the tests) were instrumental in the 1978 decision by the <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">FDA</a> to issue a request for the availability of KI for thyroid protection in the event of a release from a commercial nuclear power plant or weapons-related nuclear incident. Noting that KI's effectiveness was "virtually complete" and finding that iodine in the form of KI was substantially superior to other forms including <a href="/wiki/Potassium_iodate" title="Potassium iodate">iodate (KIO<sub>3</sub>)</a> in terms of safety, effectiveness, lack of side effects, and speed of onset, the FDA invited manufacturers to submit applications to produce and market KI.<sup id="cite_ref-US_Fed._Reg._49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US_Fed._Reg.-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fukushima">Fukushima</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potassium_iodide&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Fukushima"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It was reported on 16 March 2011, that potassium iodide tablets were given preventively to U.S. Naval air crew members flying within 70 nautical miles of the <a href="/wiki/Fukushima_Daiichi_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant">Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant</a> damaged in the earthquake (8.9/9.0 magnitude) and ensuing tsunami on 11 March 2011. The measures were seen as precautions, and the Pentagon said no U.S. forces have shown signs of radiation poisoning. By 20 March, the US Navy instructed personnel coming within 100 miles of the reactor to take the pills.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Netherlands">The Netherlands</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potassium_iodide&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: The Netherlands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Distributiegebieden-jodiumtabletten.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Distributiegebieden-jodiumtabletten.png/220px-Distributiegebieden-jodiumtabletten.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Distributiegebieden-jodiumtabletten.png/330px-Distributiegebieden-jodiumtabletten.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Distributiegebieden-jodiumtabletten.png/440px-Distributiegebieden-jodiumtabletten.png 2x" data-file-width="914" data-file-height="1096" /></a><figcaption>Distribution areas for iodine pills in the Netherlands (2017).</figcaption></figure> <p>In the Netherlands, the central storage of iodine-pills is located in <a href="/wiki/Zoetermeer" title="Zoetermeer">Zoetermeer</a>, near <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a>. In 2017, the Dutch government distributed pills to hundreds of thousands of residents who lived within a certain distance of nuclear power plants and met some other criteria.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Belgium">Belgium</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potassium_iodide&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Belgium"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By 2020, potassium iodide tablets are made available free of charge for all residents in all pharmacies throughout the country.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Formulations">Formulations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potassium_iodide&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Formulations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Three companies (Anbex, Inc., Fleming Co, and <a href="/wiki/Recipharm" title="Recipharm">Recipharm</a> of Sweden) have met the strict FDA requirements for manufacturing and testing of KI, and they offer products (IOSAT, ThyroShield, and ThyroSafe,<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> respectively) which are available for purchase. In 2012, Fleming Co. sold all its product rights and manufacturing facility to other companies and no longer exists. ThyroShield is currently not in production. </p><p>Tablets of potassium iodide are supplied for emergency purposes related to blockade of radioiodine uptake, a common form of <a href="/wiki/Radiation_poisoning" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiation poisoning">radiation poisoning</a> due to environmental contamination by the short-lived fission product <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:right"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">131</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span>I<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Potassium iodide may also be administered pharmaceutically for <a href="/wiki/Thyroid_storm" title="Thyroid storm">thyroid storm</a>. </p><p>For reasons noted above, therapeutic drops of SSKI, or 130 mg tablets of KI as used for nuclear fission accidents, are not used as nutritional supplements, since an SSKI drop or nuclear-emergency tablet provides 300 to 700 times more iodine than the daily adult nutritional requirement. Dedicated nutritional iodide tablets containing 0.15 mg (150 micrograms (μg)) of iodide, from KI or from various other sources (such as kelp extract) are marketed as supplements, but they are not to be confused with the much higher pharmaceutical dose preparations. </p><p>Potassium iodide can be conveniently prepared in a saturated solution, abbreviated SSKI. This method of delivering potassium iodide doesn't require a method to weigh out the potassium iodide, thus allowing it to be used in an emergency situation. KI crystals are simply added to water until no more KI will dissolve and instead sits at the bottom of the container. With pure water, the concentration of KI in the solution depends only on the temperature. Potassium iodide is highly soluble in water thus SSKI is a concentrated source of KI. At 20 degrees Celsius the solubility of KI is 140-148 grams per 100 grams of water.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because the volumes of KI and water are approximately additive, the resulting SSKI solution will contain about 1.00 gram (1000 mg) KI per milliliter (mL) of solution. This is 100% weight/volume (note units of <a href="/wiki/Mass_concentration_(chemistry)" title="Mass concentration (chemistry)">mass concentration</a>) of KI (one gram KI per mL solution), which is possible because SSKI is significantly more dense than pure water—about 1.67 g/mL.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because KI is about 76.4% iodide by weight, SSKI contains about 764 mg iodide per mL. This <a href="/wiki/Mass_concentration_(chemistry)" title="Mass concentration (chemistry)">concentration</a> of iodide allows the calculation of the iodide dose per drop, if one knows the number of drops per milliliter. For SSKI, a solution more viscous than water, there are assumed to be 15 drops per mL; the iodide dose is therefore approximately 51 mg per drop. It is conventionally rounded to 50 mg per drop. </p><p>The term SSKI is also used, especially by pharmacists, to refer to a U.S.P. pre-prepared solution formula, made by adding KI to water to prepare a solution containing 1000 mg KI per mL solution (100% wt/volume KI solution), to closely approximate the concentration of SSKI made by saturation. This is essentially interchangeable with SSKI made by saturation, and also contains about 50 mg iodide per drop. </p> <ul><li>Saturated solutions of potassium iodide can be an emergency treatment for <a href="/wiki/Hyperthyroidism" title="Hyperthyroidism">hyperthyroidism</a> (so-called <a href="/wiki/Thyroid_storm" title="Thyroid storm">thyroid storm</a>), as high amounts of iodide temporarily suppress secretion of <a href="/wiki/Thyroxine" title="Thyroxine">thyroxine</a> from the thyroid gland.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dose typically begins with a loading dose, then <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">3</span></span> mL SSKI (5 drops or 250 mg iodine as iodide), three times per day.</li> <li>Iodide solutions made from a few drops of SSKI added to drinks have also been used as <a href="/wiki/Expectorant" class="mw-redirect" title="Expectorant">expectorants</a> to increase the water content of respiratory secretions and encourage effective coughing.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>SSKI has been proposed as a <a href="/wiki/Topical" class="mw-redirect" title="Topical">topical</a> treatment for <a href="/wiki/Sporotrichosis" title="Sporotrichosis">sporotrichosis</a>, but no trials have been conducted to determine the efficacy or side effects of such treatment.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Potassium iodide has been used for symptomatic treatment of <a href="/wiki/Erythema_nodosum" title="Erythema nodosum">erythema nodosum</a> patients for persistent lesions whose cause remains unknown. It has been used in cases of erythema nodosum associated with <a href="/wiki/Crohn%27s_disease" title="Crohn's disease">Crohn's disease</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Marshall1997_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marshall1997-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Due to its high potassium content, SSKI is extremely bitter, and if possible it is administered in a sugar cube or small ball of bread. It may also be mixed into much larger volumes of juices.</li> <li>Neither SSKI or KI tablets form nutritional supplements, since the nutritional requirement for iodine is only 150 micrograms (0.15 mg) of iodide per day. Thus, a drop of SSKI provides 50/0.15 = 333 times the daily iodine requirement, and a standard KI tablet provides twice this much.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potassium_iodide&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FDA-AllBoxedWarnings-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FDA-AllBoxedWarnings_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nctr-crs.fda.gov/fdalabel/ui/spl-summaries/criteria/343802">"FDA-sourced list of all drugs with black box warnings (Use Download Full Results and View Query links.)"</a>. <i>nctr-crs.fda.gov</i>. <a href="/wiki/FDA" class="mw-redirect" title="FDA">FDA</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nctr-crs.fda.gov&rft.atitle=FDA-sourced+list+of+all+drugs+with+black+box+warnings+%28Use+Download+Full+Results+and+View+Query+links.%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnctr-crs.fda.gov%2Ffdalabel%2Fui%2Fspl-summaries%2Fcriteria%2F343802&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APotassium+iodide" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aqua-calc.com/page/density-table/substance/potassium-blank-iodide">"Density of Potassium iodide"</a>. <i>Aqua-Calc</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210421160211/https://www.aqua-calc.com/page/density-table/substance/potassium-blank-iodide">Archived</a> from the original on 21 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Aqua-Calc&rft.atitle=Density+of+Potassium+iodide&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aqua-calc.com%2Fpage%2Fdensity-table%2Fsubstance%2Fpotassium-blank-iodide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APotassium+iodide" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.labchem.com/tools/msds/msds/LC19690.pdf">"Potassium Iodide"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190510120434/http://www.labchem.com/tools/msds/msds/LC19690.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 10 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Potassium+Iodide&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.labchem.com%2Ftools%2Fmsds%2Fmsds%2FLC19690.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APotassium+iodide" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Research_Council,_Division_on_Earth_and_Life_StudiesBoard_on_Radiation_Effects_ResearchCommittee_to_Assess_the_Distribution_and_Administration_of_Potassium_Iodide_in_the_Event_of_a_Nuclear_Incident2004" class="citation book cs1">National Research Council, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Radiation Effects Research, Committee to Assess the Distribution and Administration of Potassium Iodide in the Event of a Nuclear Incident (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QcWbAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT24"><i>Distribution and Administration of Potassium Iodide in the Event of a Nuclear Incident</i></a>. National Academies Press. p. 10. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-309-09098-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-309-09098-8"><bdi>978-0-309-09098-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918183801/https://books.google.ca/books?id=QcWbAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT24">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Distribution+and+Administration+of+Potassium+Iodide+in+the+Event+of+a+Nuclear+Incident&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=National+Academies+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-309-09098-8&rft.au=National+Research+Council%2C+Division+on+Earth+and+Life+Studies&rft.au=Board+on+Radiation+Effects+Research&rft.au=Committee+to+Assess+the+Distribution+and+Administration+of+Potassium+Iodide+in+the+Event+of+a+Nuclear+Incident&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQcWbAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APotassium+iodide" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-St2002-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-St2002_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-St2002_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-St2002_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStwertka2002" class="citation book cs1">Stwertka A (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JVktsSClpVcC&pg=PA137"><i>A Guide to the Elements</i></a>. Oxford University Press, USA. p. 137. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-515026-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-515026-1"><bdi>978-0-19-515026-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170914035401/https://books.google.ca/books?id=JVktsSClpVcC&pg=PA137">Archived</a> from the original on 14 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Guide+to+the+Elements&rft.pages=137&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press%2C+USA&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-19-515026-1&rft.aulast=Stwertka&rft.aufirst=A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJVktsSClpVcC%26pg%3DPA137&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APotassium+iodide" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AHFS2017-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2017_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2017_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2017_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2017_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2017_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugs.com/monograph/potassium-iodide.html">"Potassium Iodide"</a>. 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CRC Press. p. 16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8493-8980-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8493-8980-1"><bdi>978-0-8493-8980-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170813144519/https://books.google.ca/books?id=XMA9gYIj-C4C&pg=PA16">Archived</a> from the original on 13 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Foods+%26+Nutrition+Encyclopedia%2C+Two+Volume+Set&rft.pages=16&rft.edition=s&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-8493-8980-1&rft.aulast=Ensminger&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.au=Ensminger%2C+AH&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXMA9gYIj-C4C%26pg%3DPA16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APotassium+iodide" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaiho2014" class="citation book cs1">Kaiho T (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tWrIBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA57"><i>Iodine Chemistry and Applications</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. p. 57. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-118-87865-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-118-87865-1"><bdi>978-1-118-87865-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170813150814/https://books.google.ca/books?id=tWrIBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA57">Archived</a> from the original on 13 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Iodine+Chemistry+and+Applications&rft.pages=57&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-118-87865-1&rft.aulast=Kaiho&rft.aufirst=T&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtWrIBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA57&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APotassium+iodide" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCenter_for_Drug_Evaluation_and_Research2001" class="citation web cs1">Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (December 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/potassium-iodide-thyroid-blocking-agent-radiation-emergencies">"Potassium Iodide as a Thyroid Blocking Agent in Radiation Emergencies"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FAQs%3A+Japan+nuclear+concerns&rft.pub=World+Health+Organization&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fhac%2Fcrises%2Fjpn%2Ffaqs%2Fen%2Findex6.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APotassium+iodide" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cfr-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cfr_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">By <span><a href="/wiki/Title_21_of_the_Code_of_Federal_Regulations" title="Title 21 of the Code of Federal Regulations">21 CFR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-21/section-184.1634">184.1634</a></span>, the maximum allowable concentration of iodine in salt in the U.S. is .01%</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nacl-msds-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nacl-msds_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071030033213/http://ptcl.chem.ox.ac.uk/MSDS/SO/sodium_chloride.html">"Safety (MSDS) data for sodium chloride"</a>. 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Wu T (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7388325">"Oral potassium iodide for the treatment of sporotrichosis"</a>. <i>The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews</i>. <b>2009</b> (4): CD006136. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F14651858.CD006136.pub2">10.1002/14651858.CD006136.pub2</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7388325">7388325</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19821356">19821356</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Cochrane+Database+of+Systematic+Reviews&rft.atitle=Oral+potassium+iodide+for+the+treatment+of+sporotrichosis&rft.volume=2009&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=CD006136&rft.date=2009-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7388325%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19821356&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F14651858.CD006136.pub2&rft.aulast=Xue&rft.aufirst=S&rft.au=Gu%2C+R&rft.au=Wu%2C+T&rft.au=Zhang%2C+M&rft.au=Wang%2C+X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7388325&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APotassium+iodide" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marshall1997-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Marshall1997_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarshallIrvine1997" class="citation journal cs1">Marshall JK, Irvine EJ (September 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1155%2F1997%2F434989">"Successful therapy of refractory erythema nodosum associated with Crohn's disease using potassium iodide"</a>. <i>Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology</i>. <b>11</b> (6): <span class="nowrap">501–</span>502. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1155%2F1997%2F434989">10.1155/1997/434989</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9347164">9347164</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Gastroenterology&rft.atitle=Successful+therapy+of+refractory+erythema+nodosum+associated+with+Crohn%27s+disease+using+potassium+iodide&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E501-%3C%2Fspan%3E502&rft.date=1997-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1155%2F1997%2F434989&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9347164&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=JK&rft.au=Irvine%2C+EJ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1155%252F1997%252F434989&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APotassium+iodide" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potassium_iodide&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://druginfo.nlm.nih.gov/drugportal/rn/7681-11-0">"Potassium iodide"</a>. <i>Drug Information Portal</i>. U.S. National Library of Medicine.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Drug+Information+Portal&rft.atitle=Potassium+iodide&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdruginfo.nlm.nih.gov%2Fdrugportal%2Frn%2F7681-11-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APotassium+iodide" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/ionizing_radiation/pub_meet/en/Iodine_Prophylaxis_guide.pdf">World Health Organization's guidelines for iodine prophylaxis following a nuclear accident</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Potassium_compounds" title="Template:Potassium compounds"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Potassium_compounds" title="Template talk:Potassium compounds"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Potassium_compounds" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Potassium compounds"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Potassium_compounds107" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Potassium_compounds" class="mw-redirect" title="Potassium compounds">Potassium compounds</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">H, (pseudo)halogens</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_fluoride" title="Potassium fluoride">KF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_bifluoride" title="Potassium bifluoride">KHF<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_hydride" title="Potassium hydride">KH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_chloride" title="Potassium chloride">KCl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_hypochlorite" title="Potassium hypochlorite">KClO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_chlorate" title="Potassium chlorate">KClO<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_perchlorate" title="Potassium perchlorate">KClO<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_bromide" title="Potassium bromide">KBr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_bromate" title="Potassium bromate">KBrO<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">KI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_iodate" title="Potassium iodate">KIO<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_periodate" title="Potassium periodate">KIO<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potassium_astatide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Potassium astatide (page does not exist)">KAt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_cyanide" title="Potassium cyanide">KCN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_fulminate" title="Potassium fulminate">KCNO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_cyanate" title="Potassium cyanate">KOCN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_thiocyanate" title="Potassium thiocyanate">KSCN</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">chalcogens</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_oxide" title="Potassium oxide">K<sub>2</sub>O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_hydroxide" title="Potassium hydroxide">KOH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_peroxide" title="Potassium peroxide">K<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_superoxide" title="Potassium superoxide">KO<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_ozonide" title="Potassium ozonide">KO<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_sulfide" title="Potassium sulfide">K<sub>2</sub>S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_hydrosulfide" title="Potassium hydrosulfide">KHS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_sulfite" title="Potassium sulfite">K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_bisulfite" title="Potassium bisulfite">KHSO<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_sulfate" title="Potassium sulfate">K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_bisulfate" title="Potassium bisulfate">KHSO<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_peroxymonosulfate" title="Potassium peroxymonosulfate">KHSO<sub>5</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_thiosulfate" title="Potassium thiosulfate">K<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_metabisulfite" title="Potassium metabisulfite">K<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_pyrosulfate" title="Potassium pyrosulfate">K<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_persulfate" title="Potassium persulfate">K<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_selenide" title="Potassium selenide">K<sub>2</sub>Se</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potassium_selenite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Potassium selenite (page does not exist)">K<sub>2</sub>SeO<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_selenate" title="Potassium selenate">K<sub>2</sub>SeO<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_telluride" title="Potassium telluride">K<sub>2</sub>Te</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_tellurite" title="Potassium tellurite">K<sub>2</sub>TeO<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potassium_tellurate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Potassium tellurate (page does not exist)">K<sub>2</sub>TeO<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_polonide" title="Potassium polonide">K<sub>2</sub>Po</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">pnictogens</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_nitride" title="Potassium nitride">K<sub>3</sub>N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_amide" title="Potassium amide">KNH<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_azide" title="Potassium azide">KN<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_nitrite" title="Potassium nitrite">KNO<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_nitrate" title="Potassium nitrate">KNO<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_phosphide" title="Potassium phosphide">K<sub>3</sub>P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monopotassium_phosphite" title="Monopotassium phosphite">KH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripotassium_phosphate" title="Tripotassium phosphate">K<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipotassium_phosphate" title="Dipotassium phosphate">K<sub>2</sub>HPO<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monopotassium_phosphate" title="Monopotassium phosphate">KH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_hexafluorophosphate" title="Potassium hexafluorophosphate">KPF<sub>6</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_arsenite" title="Potassium arsenite">KAsO<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tripotassium_arsenate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tripotassium arsenate (page does not exist)">K<sub>3</sub>AsO<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dipotassium_arsenate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dipotassium arsenate (page does not exist)">K<sub>2</sub>HAsO<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monopotassium_arsenate" title="Monopotassium arsenate">KH<sub>2</sub>AsO<sub>4</sub></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">B, C group</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potassium_tetraborate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Potassium tetraborate (page does not exist)">B<sub>4</sub>K<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_carbonate" title="Potassium carbonate">K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_bicarbonate" title="Potassium bicarbonate">KHCO<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_silicate" title="Potassium silicate">K<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_fluorosilicate" title="Potassium fluorosilicate">K<sub>2</sub>SiF<sub>6</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_aluminate" title="Potassium aluminate">K<sub>2</sub>Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_aluminium_borate" title="Potassium aluminium borate">K<sub>2</sub>Al<sub>2</sub>B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">transition metals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_tetrachloroplatinate" title="Potassium tetrachloroplatinate">K<sub>2</sub>PtCl<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krogmann%27s_salt" title="Krogmann's salt">K<sub>2</sub>Pt(CN)<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_hexafluorotitanate" title="Potassium hexafluorotitanate"><span class="chemf nowrap">K<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>TiF<sub class="template-chem2-sub">6</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_hexachloroplatinate" title="Potassium hexachloroplatinate">K<sub>2</sub>PtCl<sub>6</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_hexachlororhenate" title="Potassium hexachlororhenate">K<sub>2</sub>ReCl<sub>6</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_hexafluororhenate" title="Potassium hexafluororhenate"><span class="chemf nowrap">K<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span>ReF<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">6</sub></span></span></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_hexafluoroarsenate" title="Potassium hexafluoroarsenate"><span class="chemf nowrap">KAsF<sub class="template-chem2-sub">6</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_hexabromorhenate" title="Potassium hexabromorhenate"><span class="chemf nowrap">K<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>ReBr<sub class="template-chem2-sub">6</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_hexaiodorhenate" title="Potassium hexaiodorhenate"><span class="chemf nowrap">K<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span>ReI<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">6</sub></span></span></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_hexafluorozirconate" title="Potassium hexafluorozirconate"><span class="chemf nowrap">K<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>ZrF<sub class="template-chem2-sub">6</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_ferrocyanide" title="Potassium ferrocyanide">K<sub>4</sub>Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_ferricyanide" title="Potassium ferricyanide">K<sub>3</sub>Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_ferrioxalate" title="Potassium ferrioxalate">K<sub>3</sub>Fe(C<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_ferrate" title="Potassium ferrate">K<sub>2</sub>FeO<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_manganate" title="Potassium manganate">K<sub>2</sub>MnO<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_permanganate" title="Potassium permanganate">KMnO<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_hypochromate" title="Potassium hypochromate">K<sub>3</sub>CrO<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_chromate" title="Potassium chromate">K<sub>2</sub>CrO<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_peroxochromate" class="mw-redirect" title="Potassium peroxochromate">K<sub>3</sub>CrO<sub>8</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_chlorochromate" title="Potassium chlorochromate">KCrO<sub>3</sub>Cl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_dichromate" title="Potassium dichromate">K<sub>2</sub>Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potassium_trichromate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Potassium trichromate (page does not exist)">K<sub>2</sub>Cr<sub>3</sub>O<sub>10</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potassium_tetrachromate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Potassium tetrachromate (page does not exist)">K<sub>2</sub>Cr<sub>4</sub>O<sub>13</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_octachlorodimolybdate" title="Potassium octachlorodimolybdate">K<sub>4</sub>Mo<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>8</sub></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">organic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_formate" title="Potassium formate">KHCO<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_acetate" title="Potassium acetate">KCH<sub>3</sub>CO<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_trifluoroacetate" title="Potassium trifluoroacetate">KCF<sub>3</sub>CO<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_oxalate" class="mw-redirect" title="Potassium oxalate">K<sub>2</sub>C<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_bioxalate" class="mw-redirect" title="Potassium bioxalate">KHC<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_laurate" title="Potassium laurate">KC<sub>12</sub>H<sub>23</sub>O<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_stearate" title="Potassium stearate">KC<sub>18</sub>H<sub>35</sub>O<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potassium_malonate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Potassium malonate (page does not exist)">C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>2</sub>K<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Methyl_potassium_malonate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Methyl potassium malonate (page does not exist)">C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>6</sub>KO<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethyl_potassium_malonate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ethyl potassium malonate (page does not exist)">C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>7</sub>KO<sub>4</sub></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Salts_and_covalent_derivatives_of_the_iodide_ion116" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Iodides" title="Template:Iodides"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Iodides" title="Template talk:Iodides"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Iodides" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Iodides"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Salts_and_covalent_derivatives_of_the_iodide_ion116" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Salts and covalent derivatives of the <a href="/wiki/Iodide" title="Iodide">iodide</a> ion</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:mistyrose;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_iodide" title="Hydrogen iodide">HI</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Iodide_hydride" title="Iodide hydride">+H</a> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none"> </td> <td colspan="11" rowspan="3" style="background-color:white;border:none"> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:white;border:none"> </td> <td>He </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Lithium_iodide" title="Lithium iodide">LiI</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beryllium_iodide" title="Beryllium iodide">BeI<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Boron_triiodide" title="Boron triiodide">BI<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Borate_iodide" title="Borate iodide">+BO<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Carbon_tetraiodide" title="Carbon tetraiodide">CI<sub>4</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Carbide_iodide" title="Carbide iodide">+C</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_triiodide" title="Nitrogen triiodide">NI<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ammonium_iodide" title="Ammonium iodide">NH<sub>4</sub>I</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Nitride_iodide" title="Nitride iodide">+N</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iodine_oxide" title="Iodine oxide">I<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Iodine_pentoxide" title="Iodine pentoxide">I<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Diiodine_hexaoxide" title="Diiodine hexaoxide">I<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Tetraiodine_nonoxide" title="Tetraiodine nonoxide">I<sub>4</sub>O<sub>9</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iodine_monofluoride" title="Iodine monofluoride">IF</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Iodine_trifluoride" title="Iodine trifluoride">IF<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Iodine_pentafluoride" title="Iodine pentafluoride">IF<sub>5</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Iodine_heptafluoride" title="Iodine heptafluoride">IF<sub>7</sub></a> </td> <td>Ne </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Sodium_iodide" title="Sodium iodide">NaI</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_iodide" title="Magnesium iodide">MgI<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aluminium_monoiodide" title="Aluminium monoiodide">AlI</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Aluminium_iodide" title="Aluminium iodide">AlI<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Silicon_tetraiodide" title="Silicon tetraiodide">SiI<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus_triiodide" title="Phosphorus triiodide">PI<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Diphosphorus_tetraiodide" title="Diphosphorus tetraiodide">P<sub>2</sub>I<sub>4</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Phosphide_iodide" title="Phosphide iodide">+P</a><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus_pentaiodide" title="Phosphorus pentaiodide">PI<sub>5</sub></a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Disulfur_diiodide" title="Disulfur diiodide">S<sub>2</sub>I<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iodine_monochloride" title="Iodine monochloride">ICl</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Iodine_trichloride" title="Iodine trichloride">ICl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td>Ar </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;"> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">KI</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Calcium_iodide" title="Calcium iodide">CaI<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Scandium_triiodide" title="Scandium triiodide">ScI<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Titanium(II)_iodide" title="Titanium(II) iodide">TiI<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Titanium(III)_iodide" title="Titanium(III) iodide">TiI<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Titanium_tetraiodide" title="Titanium tetraiodide">TiI<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vanadium(II)_iodide" title="Vanadium(II) iodide">VI<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Vanadium(III)_iodide" title="Vanadium(III) iodide">VI<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chromium(II)_iodide" title="Chromium(II) iodide">CrI<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Chromium(III)_iodide" title="Chromium(III) iodide">CrI<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Chromium(IV)_iodide" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromium(IV) iodide">CrI<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manganese(II)_iodide" title="Manganese(II) iodide">MnI<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iron(II)_iodide" title="Iron(II) iodide">FeI<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Iron(III)_iodide" title="Iron(III) iodide">FeI<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cobalt(II)_iodide" title="Cobalt(II) iodide">CoI<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nickel(II)_iodide" title="Nickel(II) iodide">NiI<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Tetraiodonickelate" title="Tetraiodonickelate">-Ni</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Copper(I)_iodide" title="Copper(I) iodide">CuI</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zinc_iodide" title="Zinc iodide">ZnI<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gallium_monoiodide" title="Gallium monoiodide">GaI</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Gallium(III)_iodide" title="Gallium(III) iodide">GaI<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Germanium_iodide" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanium iodide">GeI<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Germanium_iodide" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanium iodide">GeI<sub>4</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Germanide_iodide" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanide iodide">+Ge</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arsenic_triiodide" title="Arsenic triiodide">AsI<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Diarsenic_tetraiodide" title="Diarsenic tetraiodide">As<sub>2</sub>I<sub>4</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Arsenide_iodide" title="Arsenide iodide">+As</a> </td> <td>Se </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iodine_monobromide" title="Iodine monobromide">IBr</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Iodine_tribromide" title="Iodine tribromide">IBr<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td>Kr </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Rubidium_iodide" title="Rubidium iodide">RbI</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Rubidium_triiodide" title="Rubidium triiodide">RbI<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Strontium_iodide" title="Strontium iodide">SrI<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yttrium_iodide" title="Yttrium iodide">YI<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zirconium(II)_iodide" title="Zirconium(II) iodide">ZrI<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Zirconium(III)_iodide" title="Zirconium(III) iodide">ZrI<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Zirconium(IV)_iodide" title="Zirconium(IV) iodide">ZrI<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Niobium(IV)_iodide" title="Niobium(IV) iodide">NbI<sub>4</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Niobium_pentaiodide" title="Niobium pentaiodide">NbI<sub>5</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum(II)_iodide" title="Molybdenum(II) iodide">MoI<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum(III)_iodide" title="Molybdenum(III) iodide">MoI<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Technetium(III)_iodide" title="Technetium(III) iodide">TcI<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium(III)_iodide" title="Ruthenium(III) iodide">RuI<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rhodium(III)_iodide" title="Rhodium(III) iodide">RhI<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Palladium(II)_iodide" title="Palladium(II) iodide">PdI<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Silver_iodide" title="Silver iodide">AgI<sub></sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cadmium_iodide" title="Cadmium iodide">CdI<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indium(I)_iodide" title="Indium(I) iodide">InI</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Indium(III)_iodide" title="Indium(III) iodide">InI<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tin(II)_iodide" title="Tin(II) iodide">SnI<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Tin(IV)_iodide" title="Tin(IV) iodide">SnI<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antimony_triiodide" title="Antimony triiodide">SbI<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Antimonide_iodide" title="Antimonide iodide">+Sb</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tellurium_tetraiodide" title="Tellurium tetraiodide">TeI<sub>4</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Telluride_iodide" title="Telluride iodide">+Te</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iodide" title="Iodide">I<sup>−</sup></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Triiodide" title="Triiodide">I<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">−</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">3</sub></span></span></a> </td> <td>Xe </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Caesium_iodide" title="Caesium iodide">CsI</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Caesium_triiodide" title="Caesium triiodide">CsI<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barium_iodide" title="Barium iodide">BaI<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td>  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lutetium(III)_iodide" title="Lutetium(III) iodide">LuI<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hafnium(III)_iodide" title="Hafnium(III) iodide">HfI<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Hafnium(IV)_iodide" title="Hafnium(IV) iodide">HfI<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tantalum(IV)_iodide" title="Tantalum(IV) iodide">TaI<sub>4</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Tantalum(V)_iodide" title="Tantalum(V) iodide">TaI<sub>5</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tungsten(II)_iodide" title="Tungsten(II) iodide">WI<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Tungsten(III)_iodide" title="Tungsten(III) iodide">WI<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Tungsten(IV)_iodide" title="Tungsten(IV) iodide">WI<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rhenium(III)_iodide" title="Rhenium(III) iodide">ReI<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Rhenium_tetraiodide" title="Rhenium tetraiodide"><span class="chemf nowrap">ReI<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">4</sub></span></span></span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Osmium_iodides" title="Osmium iodides">OsI</a><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Osmium_iodides" title="Osmium iodides">OsI<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></a></span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Osmium_iodides" title="Osmium iodides">OsI<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iridium(III)_iodide" title="Iridium(III) iodide">IrI<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Iridium_tetraiodide" class="mw-redirect" title="Iridium tetraiodide"><span class="chemf nowrap">IrI<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">4</sub></span></span></span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Platinum(II)_iodide" title="Platinum(II) iodide">PtI<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Platinum(IV)_iodide" title="Platinum(IV) iodide">PtI<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gold_monoiodide" title="Gold monoiodide">AuI</a><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Gold(III)_iodide" title="Gold(III) iodide">AuI<sub>3</sub></a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mercury(I)_iodide" title="Mercury(I) iodide">Hg<sub>2</sub>I<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Mercury(II)_iodide" title="Mercury(II) iodide">HgI<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thallium(I)_iodide" title="Thallium(I) iodide">TlI</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Thallium_triiodide" title="Thallium triiodide">TlI<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lead(II)_iodide" title="Lead(II) iodide">PbI<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bismuth(III)_iodide" title="Bismuth(III) iodide">BiI<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Polonium_diiodide" title="Polonium diiodide">PoI<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Polonium_tetraiodide" title="Polonium tetraiodide">PoI<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Astatine_iodide" title="Astatine iodide">AtI</a> </td> <td>Rn </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;"> <td>Fr </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Radium_iodide" title="Radium iodide">RaI<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td>  </td> <td>Lr </td> <td>Rf </td> <td>Db </td> <td>Sg </td> <td>Bh </td> <td>Hs </td> <td>Mt </td> <td>Ds </td> <td>Rg </td> <td>Cn </td> <td>Nh </td> <td>Fl </td> <td>Mc </td> <td>Lv </td> <td>Ts </td> <td>Og </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" rowspan="3" style="background-color:white;border:none"> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none">↓ </td> <td colspan="14" style="background-color:white;border:none"> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="background-color:white;border:none"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;"> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:white;border:none"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum_diiodide" title="Lanthanum diiodide">LaI<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum(III)_iodide" title="Lanthanum(III) iodide">LaI<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cerium_diiodide" title="Cerium diiodide">CeI<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Cerium(III)_iodide" title="Cerium(III) iodide">CeI<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Praseodymium(II)_iodide" class="mw-redirect" title="Praseodymium(II) iodide">PrI<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Praseodymium(III)_iodide" title="Praseodymium(III) iodide">PrI<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neodymium(II)_iodide" title="Neodymium(II) iodide">NdI<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Neodymium(III)_iodide" title="Neodymium(III) iodide">NdI<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Promethium(III)_iodide" title="Promethium(III) iodide">PmI<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Samarium(II)_iodide" title="Samarium(II) iodide">SmI<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Samarium(III)_iodide" title="Samarium(III) iodide">SmI<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Europium(II)_iodide" title="Europium(II) iodide">EuI<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Europium(III)_iodide" title="Europium(III) iodide">EuI<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium_diiodide" title="Gadolinium diiodide">GdI<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium(III)_iodide" title="Gadolinium(III) iodide">GdI<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Terbium(III)_iodide" title="Terbium(III) iodide">TbI<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium(II)_iodide" title="Dysprosium(II) iodide">DyI<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium(III)_iodide" title="Dysprosium(III) iodide"><span class="chemf nowrap">DyI<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">3</sub></span></span></span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Holmium(III)_iodide" title="Holmium(III) iodide">HoI<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Erbium(III)_iodide" title="Erbium(III) iodide">ErI<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thulium(II)_iodide" title="Thulium(II) iodide">TmI<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Thulium(III)_iodide" title="Thulium(III) iodide">TmI<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium(II)_iodide" title="Ytterbium(II) iodide">YbI<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium(III)_iodide" title="Ytterbium(III) iodide">YbI<sub>3</sub></a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Actinium(III)_iodide" title="Actinium(III) iodide">AcI<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thorium_diiodide" title="Thorium diiodide">ThI<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Thorium_triiodide" title="Thorium triiodide">ThI<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Thorium(IV)_iodide" title="Thorium(IV) iodide">ThI<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Protactinium(IV)_iodide" class="mw-redirect" title="Protactinium(IV) iodide">PaI<sub>4</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Protactinium(V)_iodide" title="Protactinium(V) iodide">PaI<sub>5</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Uranium(III)_iodide" title="Uranium(III) iodide">UI<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Uranium(IV)_iodide" title="Uranium(IV) iodide">UI<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neptunium(III)_iodide" title="Neptunium(III) iodide">NpI<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plutonium(III)_iodide" title="Plutonium(III) iodide">PuI<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Americium(II)_iodide" title="Americium(II) iodide">AmI<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Americium(III)_iodide" title="Americium(III) iodide">AmI<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Curium(III)_iodide" title="Curium(III) iodide">CmI<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Berkelium(III)_iodide" title="Berkelium(III) iodide"><span class="chemf nowrap">BkI<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">3</sub></span></span></span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Californium(II)_iodide" title="Californium(II) iodide"><span class="chemf nowrap">CfI<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Californium(III)_iodide" title="Californium(III) iodide"><span class="chemf nowrap">CfI<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">3</sub></span></span></span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium(II)_iodide" title="Einsteinium(II) iodide">EsI<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium(III)_iodide" title="Einsteinium(III) iodide">EsI<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td>Fm </td> <td>Md </td> <td>No </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Antifungals_(D01_and_J02)425" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Antifungals" title="Template:Antifungals"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Antifungals" title="Template talk:Antifungals"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Antifungals" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Antifungals"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Antifungals_(D01_and_J02)425" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Antifungal" title="Antifungal">Antifungals</a> (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_D01" title="ATC code D01">D01</a> and <a href="/wiki/ATC_code_J02" title="ATC code J02">J02</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wall/<br />membrane</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ergosterol" title="Ergosterol">Ergosterol</a><br />inhibitors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Azole" title="Azole">Azoles</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lanosterol_14%CE%B1-demethylase" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanosterol 14α-demethylase">lanosterol 14α-<br />demethylase</a> inhibitors)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Imidazole" title="Imidazole">Imidazoles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Topical: <a href="/wiki/Bifonazole" title="Bifonazole">bifonazole</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butoconazole" title="Butoconazole">butoconazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlormidazole" title="Chlormidazole">chlormidazole</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climbazole" title="Climbazole">climbazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clotrimazole" title="Clotrimazole">clotrimazole</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croconazole" title="Croconazole">croconazole</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eberconazole" title="Eberconazole">eberconazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Econazole" title="Econazole">econazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenticonazole" title="Fenticonazole">fenticonazole</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flutrimazole" title="Flutrimazole">flutrimazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isoconazole" title="Isoconazole">isoconazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketoconazole" title="Ketoconazole">ketoconazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luliconazole" title="Luliconazole">luliconazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miconazole" title="Miconazole">miconazole</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neticonazole" title="Neticonazole">neticonazole</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omoconazole" title="Omoconazole">omoconazole</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxiconazole" title="Oxiconazole">oxiconazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sertaconazole" title="Sertaconazole">sertaconazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulconazole" title="Sulconazole">sulconazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tioconazole" title="Tioconazole">tioconazole</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Systemic: ketoconazole</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Triazole" title="Triazole">Triazoles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Topical: <a href="/wiki/Efinaconazole" title="Efinaconazole">efinaconazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluconazole" title="Fluconazole">fluconazole</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terconazole" title="Terconazole">terconazole</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Systemic: <a href="/wiki/Fluconazole" title="Fluconazole">fluconazole</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fosfluconazole" title="Fosfluconazole">fosfluconazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fosravuconazole" title="Fosravuconazole">fosravuconazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexaconazole" title="Hexaconazole">hexaconazole</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isavuconazonium" title="Isavuconazonium">isavuconazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itraconazole" title="Itraconazole">itraconazole</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oteseconazole" title="Oteseconazole">oteseconazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posaconazole" title="Posaconazole">posaconazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voriconazole" title="Voriconazole">voriconazole</a><sup>#</sup></li></ul> <ul><li>Unknown: <a href="/wiki/Albaconazole" title="Albaconazole">albaconazole</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravuconazole" title="Ravuconazole">ravuconazole</a><sup>†</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Thiazole" title="Thiazole">Thiazoles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Topical: <a href="/wiki/Abafungin" title="Abafungin">abafungin</a><sup>‡</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polyene_antimycotic" title="Polyene antimycotic">Polyene antimycotics</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Ergosterol" title="Ergosterol">ergosterol</a> binding)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Topical: <a href="/wiki/Hamycin" title="Hamycin">hamycin</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natamycin" title="Natamycin">natamycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nystatin" title="Nystatin">nystatin</a><sup>#</sup><br />Systemic: <a href="/wiki/Amphotericin_B" title="Amphotericin B">amphotericin B</a><sup>#</sup>, hamycin<sup>‡</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Squalene_monooxygenase" title="Squalene monooxygenase">Squalene monooxygenase</a><br />inhibitors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Allylamine" title="Allylamine">Allylamines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Topical: <a href="/wiki/Naftifine" title="Naftifine">naftifine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terbinafine" title="Terbinafine">terbinafine</a><br />Systemic: terbinafine</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Benzylamine" title="Benzylamine">Benzylamines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Topical: <a href="/wiki/Butenafine" title="Butenafine">butenafine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Topical: <a href="/wiki/Amorolfine" title="Amorolfine">amorolfine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1,3-Beta-glucan_synthase" title="1,3-Beta-glucan synthase">β-glucan synthase</a><br />inhibitors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Systemic: <a href="/wiki/Echinocandin" title="Echinocandin">echinocandins</a> (<a href="/wiki/Anidulafungin" title="Anidulafungin">anidulafungin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caspofungin" title="Caspofungin">caspofungin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cilofungin" title="Cilofungin">cilofungin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micafungin" title="Micafungin">micafungin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rezafungin" title="Rezafungin">rezafungin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrexafungerp" title="Ibrexafungerp">ibrexafungerp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Intracellular</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pyrimidine_analogue" title="Pyrimidine analogue">Pyrimidine analogues</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Thymidylate_synthase_inhibitor" title="Thymidylate synthase inhibitor">thymidylate synthase inhibitors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Systemic: <a href="/wiki/Flucytosine" title="Flucytosine">flucytosine</a><sup>#</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mitotic_inhibitor" title="Mitotic inhibitor">Mitotic inhibitors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Systemic: <a href="/wiki/Griseofulvin" title="Griseofulvin">griseofulvin</a><sup>#</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aminoacyl_tRNA_synthetase" title="Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase">Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase</a> inhibitors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Topical: <a href="/wiki/Tavaborole" title="Tavaborole">tavaborole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bromochlorosalicylanilide" title="Bromochlorosalicylanilide">bromochlorosalicylanilide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorophetanol" title="Chlorophetanol">chlorophetanol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorphenesin" class="mw-redirect" title="Chlorphenesin">chlorphenesin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciclopirox" title="Ciclopirox">ciclopirox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_violet" title="Crystal violet">crystal violet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimazole" title="Dimazole">dimazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethylparaben" title="Ethylparaben">ethylparaben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haloprogin" title="Haloprogin">haloprogin</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynoxylin" title="Polynoxylin">polynoxylin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">potassium iodide</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salicylic_acid" title="Salicylic acid">salicylic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selenium_disulfide" title="Selenium disulfide">selenium disulfide</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_thiosulfate" title="Sodium thiosulfate">sodium thiosulfate</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulbentine" title="Sulbentine">sulbentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taurolidine" title="Taurolidine">taurolidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticlatone" title="Ticlatone">ticlatone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolciclate" title="Tolciclate">tolciclate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolnaftate" title="Tolnaftate">tolnaftate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribromometacresol" title="Tribromometacresol">tribromometacresol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undecylenic_acid" title="Undecylenic acid">undecylenic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitfield%27s_ointment" title="Whitfield's ointment">Whitfield's ointment</a><sup>#</sup></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citronella_oil" title="Citronella oil">citronella oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemon_grass" class="mw-redirect" title="Lemon grass">lemon grass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemon_myrtle" class="mw-redirect" title="Lemon myrtle">lemon myrtle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_oil" title="Orange oil">orange oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patchouli" title="Patchouli">patchouli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_tree_oil" title="Tea tree oil">tea tree oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pneumocystis_pneumonia" title="Pneumocystis pneumonia">PCP</a>: <a href="/wiki/Atovaquone" title="Atovaquone">atovaquone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dapsone" title="Dapsone">dapsone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentamidine" title="Pentamidine">pentamidine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="padding: 0px;"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><sup>#</sup><a href="/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines" title="WHO Model List of Essential Medicines">WHO-EM</a></li> <li><sup>‡</sup><a href="/wiki/List_of_withdrawn_drugs" title="List of withdrawn drugs">Withdrawn</a> from market</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">Clinical trials</a>: <ul><li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Phases_of_clinical_research#Phase_III" title="Phases of clinical research">Phase III</a></li> <li><sup>§</sup>Never to phase III</li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Antidotes_(V03AB)467" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Antidotes" title="Template:Antidotes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Antidotes" title="Template talk:Antidotes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Antidotes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Antidotes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Antidotes_(V03AB)467" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Antidote" title="Antidote">Antidotes</a> (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_V03#V03AB" title="ATC code V03">V03AB</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nervous_system" title="Nervous system">Nervous<br /> system</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_intoxication" title="Alcohol intoxication">Alcohol intoxication</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metadoxine" title="Metadoxine">Metadoxine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiamine" title="Thiamine">Thiamine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Barbiturate_overdose" title="Barbiturate overdose">Barbiturate<br /> overdose</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bemegride" title="Bemegride">Bemegride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etamivan" title="Etamivan">Ethamivan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Benzodiazepine_overdose" title="Benzodiazepine overdose">Benzodiazepine<br /> overdose</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyprodenate" title="Cyprodenate">Cyprodenate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flumazenil" title="Flumazenil">Flumazenil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/GHB_overdose" class="mw-redirect" title="GHB overdose">GHB overdose</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Physostigmine" title="Physostigmine">Physostigmine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCH-50911" title="SCH-50911">SCH-50911</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nerve_agent" title="Nerve agent">Nerve agent</a> /<br /> <a href="/wiki/Organophosphate_poisoning" title="Organophosphate poisoning">Organophosphate<br /> poisoning</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atropine" title="Atropine">Atropine</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biperiden" title="Biperiden">Biperiden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diazepam" title="Diazepam">Diazepam</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxime" title="Oxime">Oximes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Obidoxime" title="Obidoxime">Obidoxime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pralidoxime" title="Pralidoxime">Pralidoxime</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>see also:</i> <a href="/wiki/Cholinesterase" title="Cholinesterase">Cholinesterase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Opioid_overdose" title="Opioid overdose">Opioid overdose</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diprenorphine" title="Diprenorphine">Diprenorphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doxapram" title="Doxapram">Doxapram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalmefene" title="Nalmefene">Nalmefene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalorphine" title="Nalorphine">Nalorphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naloxone" title="Naloxone">Naloxone</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naltrexone" title="Naltrexone">Naltrexone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reversal of<br /> <a href="/wiki/Neuromuscular-blocking_drug" title="Neuromuscular-blocking drug">neuromuscular blockade</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sugammadex" title="Sugammadex">Sugammadex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Circulatory_system" title="Circulatory system">Circulatory<br /> system</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Beta_blocker#Adverse_effects" title="Beta blocker">Beta blocker</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glucagon" title="Glucagon">Glucagon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Digoxin_toxicity" title="Digoxin toxicity">Digoxin toxicity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digoxin_immune_fab" title="Digoxin immune fab">Digoxin immune fab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anticoagulant" title="Anticoagulant">Anticoagulants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>against <a href="/wiki/Direct_Xa_inhibitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct Xa inhibitor">direct Xa inhibitors</a> (<a href="/wiki/Andexanet_alfa" title="Andexanet alfa">Andexanet alfa</a>)</li> <li>against <a href="/wiki/Heparin" title="Heparin">heparin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Protamine_sulfate" title="Protamine sulfate">Protamine</a><sup>#</sup>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arsenic_poisoning" title="Arsenic poisoning">Arsenic poisoning</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dimercaprol" title="Dimercaprol">Dimercaprol</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimercaptosuccinic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Dimercaptosuccinic acid">Succimer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cyanide_poisoning" title="Cyanide poisoning">Cyanide poisoning</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4-Dimethylaminophenol" title="4-Dimethylaminophenol">4-Dimethylaminophenol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroxocobalamin" title="Hydroxocobalamin">Hydroxocobalamin</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nitrite" title="Nitrite">nitrite</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amyl_nitrite" title="Amyl nitrite">Amyl nitrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_nitrite" title="Sodium nitrite">Sodium nitrite</a><sup>#</sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_thiosulfate_(medical_use)" title="Sodium thiosulfate (medical use)">Sodium thiosulfate</a><sup>#</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hydrofluoric_acid" title="Hydrofluoric acid">Hydrofluoric acid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calcium_gluconate" title="Calcium gluconate">Calcium gluconate</a><sup>#</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Methanol" title="Methanol">Methanol</a> /<br /> <a href="/wiki/Ethylene_glycol_poisoning" title="Ethylene glycol poisoning">Ethylene glycol<br /> poisoning</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Primary alcohols: <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(medicine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcohol (medicine)">Ethanol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fomepizole" title="Fomepizole">Fomepizole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Paracetamol_poisoning" title="Paracetamol poisoning">Paracetamol toxicity</a><br /> (Acetaminophen)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acetylcysteine" title="Acetylcysteine">Acetylcysteine</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glutathione" title="Glutathione">Glutathione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methionine" title="Methionine">Methionine</a><sup>#</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Toxic_metal" class="mw-redirect" title="Toxic metal">Toxic metals</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cadmium_poisoning" title="Cadmium poisoning">cadmium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lead_poisoning" title="Lead poisoning">lead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_poisoning" title="Mercury poisoning">mercury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thallium_poisoning" title="Thallium poisoning">thallium</a>)</li></ul></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimercaprol" title="Dimercaprol">Dimercaprol</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethylenediaminetetraacetic_acid" title="Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid">Edetates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussian_blue" title="Prussian blue">Prussian blue</a><sup>#</sup></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Iodine-131" title="Iodine-131">iodine-131</a></i> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Potassium iodide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylene_blue" title="Methylene blue">Methylthioninium chloride</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oxidizing_agent" title="Oxidizing agent">oxidizing agent</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_permanganate" title="Potassium permanganate">Potassium permanganate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prednisolone/promethazine" title="Prednisolone/promethazine">Prednisolone/promethazine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Emetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Emetic">Emetic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Copper(II)_sulfate" title="Copper(II) sulfate">Copper sulfate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychotria_ipecacuanha" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychotria ipecacuanha">Ipecacuanha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrup_of_ipecac" title="Syrup of ipecac">Syrup of ipecac</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: transparent; padding: 0px;"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><sup>#</sup><a href="/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines" title="WHO Model List of Essential Medicines">WHO-EM</a></li> <li><sup>‡</sup><a href="/wiki/List_of_withdrawn_drugs" title="List of withdrawn drugs">Withdrawn</a> from market</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">Clinical trials</a>: <ul><li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Phases_of_clinical_research#Phase_III" title="Phases of clinical research">Phase III</a></li> <li><sup>§</sup>Never to phase III</li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Radiation_protection582" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Radiation_protection" title="Template:Radiation protection"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li 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href="/wiki/Ionizing_radiation" title="Ionizing radiation">Ionizing radiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_dosimetry" title="Internal dosimetry">Internal dosimetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radioactive_contamination" title="Radioactive contamination">Radioactive contamination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radioactive_source" title="Radioactive source">Radioactive sources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiobiology" title="Radiobiology">Radiobiology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Measurement <br />quantities and units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absorbed_dose" title="Absorbed dose">Absorbed dose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Becquerel" title="Becquerel">Becquerel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committed_dose" title="Committed dose">Committed dose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computed_tomography_dose_index" title="Computed tomography dose index">Computed tomography dose index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counts_per_minute" title="Counts per minute">Counts per minute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effective_dose_(radiation)" title="Effective dose (radiation)">Effective dose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equivalent_dose" title="Equivalent dose">Equivalent dose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gray_(unit)" title="Gray (unit)">Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mean_glandular_dose" title="Mean glandular dose">Mean glandular dose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monitor_unit" title="Monitor unit">Monitor unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rad_(unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rad (unit)">Rad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roentgen_(unit)" title="Roentgen (unit)">Roentgen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roentgen_equivalent_man" title="Roentgen equivalent man">Rem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sievert" title="Sievert">Sievert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Instruments and <br />measurement techniques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airborne_particulate_radioactivity_monitoring" title="Airborne particulate radioactivity monitoring">Airborne radioactive particulate monitoring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dosimeter" title="Dosimeter">Dosimeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geiger_counter" title="Geiger counter">Geiger counter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_chamber" class="mw-redirect" title="Ion chamber">Ion chamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scintillation_counter" title="Scintillation counter">Scintillation counter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proportional_counter" title="Proportional counter">Proportional counter</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radiation_monitoring" title="Radiation monitoring">Radiation monitoring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semiconductor_detector" title="Semiconductor detector">Semiconductor detector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survey_meter" title="Survey meter">Survey meter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whole-body_counting" title="Whole-body counting">Whole-body counting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Protection techniques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lead_shielding" title="Lead shielding">Lead shielding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glovebox" title="Glovebox">Glovebox</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Potassium iodide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radon_mitigation" title="Radon mitigation">Radon mitigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Respirators" class="mw-redirect" title="Respirators">Respirators</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Euratom" title="Euratom">Euratom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_Physics_Society" title="Health Physics Society">HPS (USA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency" title="International Atomic Energy Agency">IAEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Commission_on_Radiation_Units_and_Measurements" title="International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements">ICRU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Commission_on_Radiological_Protection" title="International Commission on Radiological Protection">ICRP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Radiation_Protection_Association" title="International Radiation Protection Association">IRPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_for_Radiological_Protection" title="Society for Radiological Protection">SRP (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Scientific_Committee_on_the_Effects_of_Atomic_Radiation" title="United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation">UNSCEAR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regulation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ionising_Radiations_Regulations" title="Ionising Radiations Regulations">IRR (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Regulatory_Commission" title="Nuclear Regulatory Commission">NRC (USA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_for_Nuclear_Regulation" title="Office for Nuclear Regulation">ONR (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiation_Protection_Convention,_1960" title="Radiation Protection Convention, 1960">Radiation Protection Convention, 1960</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Radiation effects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acute_radiation_syndrome" title="Acute radiation syndrome">Acute radiation syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiation-induced_cancer" title="Radiation-induced cancer">Radiation-induced cancer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable selfref">See also the categories <a href="/wiki/Category:Medical_physics" title="Category:Medical physics">Medical physics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Radiation_effects" title="Category:Radiation effects">Radiation effects</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Radioactivity" title="Category:Radioactivity">Radioactivity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Radiobiology" title="Category:Radiobiology">Radiobiology</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Category:Radiation_protection" title="Category:Radiation protection">Radiation protection</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style 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