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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fontes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Fontes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fontes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Conteúdo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Índice" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alternar o índice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled 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Disponível em 31 línguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 línguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="روبير واس — árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="روبير واس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="روبير واس — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="روبير واس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wace" title="Wace — bretão" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Wace" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Wace" title="Robert Wace — catalão" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Robert Wace" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wace" title="Wace — checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Wace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wace" title="Wace — galês" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Wace" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wace" title="Wace — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wace" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AD%CE%B9%CF%82" title="Γουέις — grego" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γουέις" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wace" title="Wace — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Wace" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wace" title="Wace — esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Wace" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wace" title="Wace — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Wace" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Wace" title="Robert Wace — basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Robert Wace" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B3" title="وس — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="وس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wace" title="Wace — finlandês" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Wace" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wace" title="Wace — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Wace" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wace" title="Wace — irlandês" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Wace" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wace" title="Wace — galego" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Wace" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A1_(%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A8)" title="ואס (משורר) — hebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ואס (משורר)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Wace" title="Robert Wace — italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Robert Wace" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A1%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9" title="ウァース — japonês" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウァース" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%99%80%EC%8A%A4" title="와스 — coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="와스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wace" title="Wace — latim" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Wace" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latim" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wace" title="Wace — Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Wace" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wace" title="Wace — neerlandês" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wace" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wace" title="Wace — norueguês bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Wace" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norueguês bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wace" title="Wace — Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Wace" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wace_z_Jersey" title="Wace z Jersey — polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wace z Jersey" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81_(%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%8D%D1%82)" title="Вас (поэт) — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вас (поэт)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wace" title="Wace — servo-croata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Wace" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="servo-croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wace" title="Wace — turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Wace" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9F%A6%E6%96%AF_(%E8%AF%97%E4%BA%BA)" title="韦斯 (诗人) — chinês" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="韦斯 (诗人)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5382#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar hiperligações interlínguas" class="wbc-editpage">Editar hiperligações</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaços nominais"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu 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lang="pt" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Wace_illustration_Roman_de_Rou_1824.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Wace_illustration_Roman_de_Rou_1824.jpg/250px-Wace_illustration_Roman_de_Rou_1824.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Wace_illustration_Roman_de_Rou_1824.jpg/330px-Wace_illustration_Roman_de_Rou_1824.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Wace_illustration_Roman_de_Rou_1824.jpg/500px-Wace_illustration_Roman_de_Rou_1824.jpg 2x" data-file-width="807" data-file-height="1249" /></a><figcaption>Wace apresenta o <i>Roman de Rou</i> à <a href="/wiki/Henrique_II_de_Inglaterra" title="Henrique II de Inglaterra">Henrique II de Inglaterra</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Wace</b>, também conhecido como <i>Guace</i> ou <i>Wistace</i> (cerca de <a href="/wiki/1100" title="1100">1100</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a> – entre 1174 e 1183), é um poeta <a href="/wiki/Normandia" title="Normandia">normando</a> conhecido na história da literatura por suas duas maiores obras: o <i><a href="/wiki/Roman_de_Brut" title="Roman de Brut">Roman de Brut</a></i> e o <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roman_de_Rou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roman de Rou (página não existe)">Roman de Rou</a></i>. No século XVIII ele passou a ser erroneamente chamado de « Robert Wace », e no século XIX passaram a acreditar que ele teria origem nobre. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografia">Biografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wace&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar secção: Biografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wace&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Biografia"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ele passa a juventude em <a href="/wiki/Caen" title="Caen">Caen</a> onde foi educado para se tornar clérigo..<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mais tarde, ele prosseguiu seus estudos na <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-de-France" class="mw-redirect" title="Île-de-France">Île-de-France</a><sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Chartres ou <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>). Ele voltaria então para Caen para então se dedicar a literatura.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No <i>Roman de Rou</i>, ele se dizia um <i>clerc lisant</i> (algo como clérigo leitor). O papel designado por esta expressão gerou uma série de textos literários, apesar de seu senso exato ter se perdido.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De todo modo, supõe-se que ele seria um clérigo que se dedicava à leitura ou que era uma espécie de professor.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No início de sua carreira literária, Wace escreveu poemas líricos, mas nenhum deles sobreviveu até nosso tempo.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dos textos escritos neste período (1130-1150), apenas três obras hagiográficas sobreviveram.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Em <a href="/wiki/1155" title="1155">1155</a>, Wace a termina de escrever seu <i><a href="/wiki/Roman_de_Brut" title="Roman de Brut">Roman de Brut</a></i>, uma crônica escrita em francês antigo sobre os reis da Bretanha.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Na terceira parte de sua obra, Wace menciona ter recebido como presente do rei da Inglaterra uma prebenda como incentivo para que escrevesse a obra. Alguns documentos mostram que ele recebeu esta prebenda entre 1165 e 1169.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Porém, com o término da obra, Wace diz que o rei deixou de ser generoso com ele, tendo retirado seu direito a este benefício.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A data da morte de Wace é incerta. O evento mais recente narrado por ele data de 1174 e ele menciona <a href="/wiki/Henrique,_o_Jovem" title="Henrique, o Jovem">Henrique, o Jovem</a> como estando vido na época em que o texto foi escrito. Como este só morreu em 1183, acredita-se que Wace tenha morrido em algum ponto neste intervalo..<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>No texto, Wace conta sua vida: </p> <blockquote> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>Se l'on demande qui ço dist,</i></dd> <dd><i>qui ceste estoire en romanz fist,</i></dd> <dd><i>jo di e dirai que jo sui</i></dd> <dd><i>Wace de l'isle de Gersui,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i></dd> <dd><i>qui est en mer vers occident,</i></dd> <dd><i>al fieu de Normendie apent.</i></dd> <dd><i>En l'isle de Gersui fui nez,</i></dd> <dd><i>a Chaem fui petiz portez,</i></dd> <dd><i>illoques fui a letres mis,</i></dd> <dd><i>pois fui longues en France apris ;</i></dd> <dd><i>quant jo de France repairai</i></dd> <dd><i>a Chaem longues conversai,</i></dd> <dd><i>de romanz faire m'entremis,</i></dd> <dd><i>mult en escris et mult en fis.</i></dd> <dd><i>Par Deu aïe e par le rei</i></dd> <dd><i>- altre fors Deu servir ne dei -</i></dd> <dd><i>m'en fu donee, Deus li rende,</i></dd> <dd><i>a Baieues une provende.</i></dd> <dd><i>rei Henri segont vos di,</i></dd> <dd><i>nevo Henri, pere Henri.</i></dd></dl></dd></dl> </blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Obras">Obras</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wace&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar secção: Obras" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wace&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Obras"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Obras_hagiográficas"><span id="Obras_hagiogr.C3.A1ficas"></span>Obras hagiográficas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wace&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar secção: Obras hagiográficas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wace&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Obras hagiográficas"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>No início de sua carreira literária, Wace escreveu uma série de textos sobre a vida dos santos em versos octassílabos. Apenas três obras chegaram até nós:<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i>Vie de sainte Marguerite</i>, escrita por volta de 1130-40 ;</li> <li><i>La Conception de Notre Dame</i>, escrita por volta de 1130-40, mas provavelmente depois da obra citada anteriormente;</li> <li><i>Vie de Saint Nicolas</i>, escrita por volta de 1150.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Obras_historiográficas"><span id="Obras_historiogr.C3.A1ficas"></span>Obras historiográficas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wace&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editar secção: Obras historiográficas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wace&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Obras historiográficas"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Wace_monument_St_Helier_Jersey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Wace_monument_St_Helier_Jersey.jpg/250px-Wace_monument_St_Helier_Jersey.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Wace_monument_St_Helier_Jersey.jpg/330px-Wace_monument_St_Helier_Jersey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Wace_monument_St_Helier_Jersey.jpg/500px-Wace_monument_St_Helier_Jersey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1362" data-file-height="860" /></a><figcaption>Placa em memória de Wace no <i>Vièr Marchi</i> de <a href="/wiki/Saint-H%C3%A9lier" title="Saint-Hélier">Saint-Hélier</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>O <i><a href="/wiki/Roman_de_Brut" title="Roman de Brut">Roman de Brut</a></i> (ou <i>Brut d'Angleterre</i>), concluído em 1155 é a mais antiga crônica escrita em francês antigo sobre os reis da Grã-Bretanha.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Esta obra é composta de 14 866 versos octassílabos.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wace dizia tratar-se de uma tradução, mas era bem mais que isso.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ela é baseada numa das primeiras versões da <i><a href="/wiki/Historia_Regum_Britanniae" class="mw-redirect" title="Historia Regum Britanniae">Historia Regum Britanniae</a></i> de <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_de_Monmouth" class="mw-redirect" title="Geoffrey de Monmouth">Geoffrey de Monmouth</a> (cerca de 1138), mas também contém elementos retirados da tradição oral e talvez de outras fontes escritas.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>O <i>Roman de Brut</i> traça a história dos reis bretãos a partir de uma suposta origem troiana, passando pela fundação da Inglaterra por <a href="/wiki/Brutus" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Brutus">Brutus</a> (<i>Brut</i>), até o fim do reinado do <a href="/wiki/Rei_Arthur" class="mw-redirect" title="Rei Arthur">rei Arthur</a>, com as invasões dos saxões no fim do século VII. Esta é a primeira obra que faz referência à <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A1vola_Redonda" class="mw-redirect" title="Távola Redonda">Távola Redonda</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ligando os cavaleiros a certas tradições célticas de onde irá nascer a ideia dos <a href="/wiki/Cavaleiros_da_T%C3%A1vola_Redonda" title="Cavaleiros da Távola Redonda">Cavaleiros da Távola Redonda</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Edições_de_suas_obras"><span id="Edi.C3.A7.C3.B5es_de_suas_obras"></span>Edições de suas obras</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wace&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editar secção: Edições de suas obras" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wace&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Edições de suas obras"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Le Roman de Rou et des ducs de Normandie</i>, Rouen, Édouard Frère, 1827. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.fr/books?id=Xr4FAAAAQAAJ&pg=PP7">Tome I</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.fr/books?id=cb4FAAAAQAAJ&pg=PP7">Tome II</a> Google Books.</li> <li><i>Roman de Rou</i>, editado por J. Holden, 3 volumes. Paris, 1970-1973.</li> <li><i>The Roman de Rou</i>, traduzido para o francês por G. S. Burgess, St Helier, 2002</li> <li><i>Le Roman de Brut</i>, Rouen, Édouard Frère, 1836.</li> <li><i>Roman de Brut</i>, I. Arnold, 2 vols., Paris, 1938-1940.</li> <li><i>Life of St Nicholas</i>, M. Crawford, 1923.</li> <li><i>Vie de Saint Nicolas</i>, E. Ronsjö, 1942.</li> <li><i>La vie de Sainte Marguerite</i>, E. A. Francis, 1932.</li> <li><i>Vie de Sainte Marguerite</i>, H.-E. Keller, 1990.</li> <li><i>Conception Nostre Dame</i>, W. R. Ashford, 1933.</li></ul> <h2 id="Referências" style="cursor: help;" title="Esta seção foi configurada para não ser editável diretamente. Edite a página toda ou a seção anterior em vez disso."><span id="Refer.C3.AAncias"></span>Referências</h2> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-1">b</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-2">c</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-3">d</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-4">e</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-5">f</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-6">g</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-7">h</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-8">i</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-9">j</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-10">k</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-11">l</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-12">m</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-13">n</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-14">o</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-15">p</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-16">q</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Jean Blacker, « Wace (b. after 1100, d. 1174x83) », <i>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</i>, Oxford University Press, 2004.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Je dis et dirai que je suis / Wace de l'île de Jersey.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wace&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editar secção: Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wace&action=edit&section=6" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Bibliografia"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Judith Weiss, <i>Wace's Roman de Brut. A History of the British. Text and Translation</i>, Exeter, 2006.</li> <li>I. Arnold, & M. Pelan, <i>La Partie arthurienne du Roman de Brut</i>, Paris, 1962.</li> <li>H.-E. Keller, <i>Étude descriptive sur le vocabulaire de Wace</i>, 1953.</li> <li>B. Woledge, « Notes on Wace's vocabulary », <i>Modern Language Review</i>, vol. 46 (1951)</li> <li>M. Pelan, <i>L'influence du « Brut » de Wace sur les romanciers français de son temps</i>, 1931.</li> <li><i>Wace's Roman de Brut: a history of the British</i>, 1999.</li> <li>I. Arnold, M. Pelan, <i>La partie arthurienne du Roman de Brut</i>, 1962.</li> <li>E. M. C. Van Houts, « Wace as Historian and Genealogist », dans <i>Family Trees and the Roots of Politics, The Prosopography of Britain and France from the Tenth to the Twelfth Century</i>, Éd. K. S. B. Keats-Rohan, Woodbridge, 1997.</li> <li>Françoise Hazel Marie Le Saux, <i>A companion to Wace</i>, DS Brewer, 2005, 305 pages.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fontes">Fontes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wace&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Editar secção: Fontes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wace&action=edit&section=7" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Fontes"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Jean Blacker, « Wace (b. after 1100, d. 1174x83) », <i>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</i>, Oxford University Press, 2004.</li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Controle_de_autoridade" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" 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