Expert search - EUR-Lex

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data-toggle="tooltip" title="Use quotation marks to search for an "exact phrase". Append an asterisk (*) to a search term to find variations of it (transp*, 32019R*). Use a question mark (?) instead of a single character in your search term to find variations of it (ca?e finds case, cane, care)." aria-description="Use quotation marks to search for an "exact phrase". Append an asterisk (*) to a search term to find variations of it (transp*, 32019R*). Use a question mark (?) instead of a single character in your search term to find variations of it (ca?e finds case, cane, care)." id="QSEditorialHelp"> <i class="fa fa-question-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><span class="sr-only">Help</span></a> </span> <input type="text" class="form-control NoBorders" maxlength="1000" name="text" id="freetextEditorial" value="" aria-describedby="QSEditorialHelp" placeholder="Search in help"> <span class="input-group-btn"> <button id="quick-search-image-editorial" alt="Perform search" class="btn btn-primary" type="submit" title="Search" aria-label="Search"> <i class="fa fa-search" aria-hidden="true"></i></button> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <input type="hidden" name="_csrf" value="ad1e3122-651e-4650-acb7-385deff7a5da" /> </div></form>  <p>Make complex searches by:</p> <ol> <li>Signing in with your <em>My EUR-Lex</em> account </li> <li>Clicking <strong>Expert search</strong> in the top right corner of your screen. </li> </ol> <h2>How to perform an expert search</h2> <ol> <li>Select your <em>Search language</em>. </li> <li>Enter your search parameters in the <em>Expert query box</em>, using the appropriate syntax, in <strong>1 of 2 ways</strong>: <ol> <li>type your query <strong>manually</strong> in the box </li> <li>use the <strong>system prompts</strong></li> <li>click an item in <em>Search fields</em> and the system will add the relevant <em>field</em> to the query box, as well as displaying (on the right) information and the appropriate help.<br> <br> <p><b>Codes or full names</b></p> <p>By default search fields are entered in the query box as a code (e.g. TI). To display search fields with their full name (e.g. Title), select the radio button <strong>Text</strong>, below the box. </p> <p>Your query can contain a mix of codes for some fields and full names for others.</p> <p><img alt="image bright idea" src="./../../../content/images/validation/warning.png"> The search fields (and their explanation) are only visible if JavaScript is enabled in your browser. </p> </li> <li>You can also use the blue buttons in the toolbox to the right of the query box to add search operators, wildcards or field specifiers.<br> See more in the next chapter: <strong>Syntax & search operators</strong>. </li> </ol> </li> <li>Click <em>Search</em>. </li> </ol> <br> <p>If your syntax is invalid, the system will display an error message.</p> <p>You can also manually check if your syntax is valid by pressing the <em>Check syntax</em> button. </p> <p><img alt="image bright idea" src="./../../../content/images/validation/warning.png"> To <strong>empty all fields</strong>, click <em>Clear</em>. </p> <h2>Syntax & search operators</h2> <p>Your expert search query must contain at least the following 3 elements (<em>in this order</em>): </p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table table-striped table-hover table-condensed AllBordersTable"> <tbody> <tr> <td> </td> <td> <strong>Search field (metadata)</strong> </td> <td> <strong>Field specifier</strong> </td> <td> <strong>Search term</strong> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Example:</td> <td>Title</td> <td>~</td> <td>Europa</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <p> You can create more complex queries by using search <em><strong>operators</strong></em>, like <em>AND</em>. </p> <p>Example</p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table table-striped table-hover table-condensed AllBordersTable"> <thead> <tr> <th>Title</th> <th>~</th> <th>Europa</th> <th>AND</th> <th>Author</th> <th>=</th> <th>COM</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td> <em>Search field</em> </td> <td> <em>Field specifier</em> </td> <td> <em>Search term</em> </td> <td> <em>Search operator</em> </td> <td> <em>Search field</em> </td> <td> <em>Field specifier</em> </td> <td> <em>Search term</em> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <h3>Operators</h3> <p>For more complex queries. Type them in <strong>manually</strong> or use the <strong>blue buttons</strong> on the right side of your screen. </p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table table-striped table-hover table-condensed AllBordersTable"> <thead> <tr> <th>Operator</th> <th>Function</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td> <strong>AND</strong> </td> <td> Finds results that contain <strong>all your search terms</strong> </td> <tr> <td> <strong>OR</strong> </td> <td> Finds results that contain <strong>at least one</strong> of your search terms </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <strong>NOT</strong> </td> <td> <strong>Excludes</strong> search terms from your results </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <strong>WHEN</strong> </td> <td> Searches for a <strong>subset</strong> of a larger parent group </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <strong>()</strong> </td> <td> <strong>Groups</strong> search terms and specifies the order in which they are <strong>interpreted</strong> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <strong>NEAR10</strong> </td> <td> Finds search terms <strong>within 10 words of each other</strong> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <strong>NEAR40</strong> </td> <td> Finds search terms <strong>within 40 words of each other</strong> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <strong>*</strong> </td> <td> Substitutes for <strong>0 to n characters</strong> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <strong>?</strong> </td> <td> Substitutes for a <strong>single character</strong> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <strong><</strong> </td> <td>Less than</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <strong><=</strong> </td> <td>Less than or equal to</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <strong>></strong> </td> <td>Greater than</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <strong>>=</strong> </td> <td>Greater than or equal to</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <strong><></strong> </td> <td>Not equal to</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <strong>=</strong> </td> <td> Equal to; to be used only for <em>Coded data</em> when searching for an exact match of the search term and result </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <strong>~</strong> </td> <td> Contains; to be used only for <em>Text data</em> when searching for documents containing your search term </td> </tr> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <h3>Searching for specific terms</h3> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table table-striped table-hover table-condensed AllBordersTable"> <thead> <tr> <th></th> <th>Query</th> <th>Finds</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>By default, EUR-Lex will search for <strong>all words derived from the basic root word</strong> you enter. </td> <td><em>Text ~ equal</em></td> <td>Documents containing the term <em>'equal'</em>, but also e.g. <em>'equality'</em> or <em>'equalization'</em> in the text. </td> </tr> <tr> <td> To search only for the <strong>precise term</strong> , use <strong>quotations marks</strong> </td> <td> <em>Text ~ "equal"</em> </td> <td> Documents containing only the term <em>'equal'</em> in the text. </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"> AND <br> Finds results that contain <strong>all your search terms</strong> </td> <td> <em>Text ~ personal AND data</em> </td> <td>Documents containing the words 'personal' and 'data' in the text.</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <em>Title ~ "equal treatment" AND Text ~ fundamental</em> </td> <td>Documents with the words "equal treatment" in the title and the words "fundamental" in the text. </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <em>Title ~ "personal data" AND Collection = LEGISLATION</em> </td> <td>Legislation containing the phrase 'personal data' in the title.</td> </tr> <tr> <td> OR <br> Finds results that contain <strong>at least 1</strong> of your search terms: </td> <td> <em>Title ~ "equal treatment" OR Text ~ fundamental</em> </td> <td> Documents that have <strong>either</strong> the words "equal treatment" in the title <strong>or</strong> the word "fundamental" in the text. </td> </tr> <tr> <td> NOT <br> <strong>Excludes</strong> search terms from your results: </td> <td> <em>Title ~ "equal treatment" NOT Text ~ fundamental</em> </td> <td> Documents that have the words "equal treatment" in the title, but which <strong>do not have the word "fundamental"</strong> in the text. </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <ul> <li><img alt="image bright idea" src="./../../../content/images/validation/warning.png"> You cannot <strong>combine</strong> a <em>full text</em> search with a search on other <em>Search fields</em> (metadata) by using the <strong>OR</strong> operator. </li> <li><em>Title ~ "personal data" OR Collection = LEGISLATION</em> is not a valid query </li> <li>To combine these 2 elements of your search, you would instead have to use either the <strong>AND</strong> or <strong>NOT</strong> operators. </li> <li><em>Title ~ "personal data" AND Collection = LEGISLATION</em> is a valid query </li> <li><em>Title ~ "personal data" NOT Collection = LEGISLATION</em> is a valid query </li> </ul> <h3>Order of precedence of AND, OR and NOT operators</h3> <p>There is a <strong>fixed order of precedence</strong> between these operators. </p> <p>'NOT' has precedence over 'AND', and 'AND' has precedence over 'OR'.</p> <p>Example</p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table table-striped table-hover table-condensed AllBordersTable"> <thead> <tr> <th>Query</th> <th>Finds</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td> <em> Title ~ equal <strong>AND</strong> treatment <strong>NOT</strong> rights <strong>OR</strong> Text ~ fundamental </em> </td> <td> Documents whose title contains: <ul> <li> both 'equal' <strong>AND</strong> 'treatment', but <strong>NOT</strong> 'rights' </li> <li class="NoMarkerLi NoLeftPaddingLi"><strong>OR</strong></li> <li> 'fundamental' in the <strong>text</strong> </li> </ul> To specify a different priority, use <strong>brackets</strong> . </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <h3>BRACKETS ( )</h3> <p> You can use <strong>brackets</strong> to group elements in your query and specify the order in which they will be interpreted – even to change the default priority order between AND, NOT and OR. </p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table table-striped table-hover table-condensed AllBordersTable"> <thead> <tr> <th></th> <th>Query</th> <th>Finds</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td> <strong>NO BRACKETS</strong> </td> <td> <em>Title ~ equal AND treatment OR rights</em> </td> <td> Documents whose <strong>title</strong> contains: <ul> <li>both 'equal' AND 'treatment'</li> <strong>OR</strong> <li>only the word 'rights'</li> </ul> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <strong>WITH BRACKETS ( )</strong> </td> <td> <em>Title ~ equal AND (treatment OR rights)</em> </td> <td> Documents whose <strong>title</strong> contains <strong>either</strong> : <ul> <li>'equal' and 'treatment'</li> <strong>OR</strong> <li>'equal' and 'rights'</li> </ul> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <h3>WHEN</h3> <p>Use this to find a <strong>subset</strong> of a larger parent group. WHEN functions similarly to AND, but is more restrictive. </p> <p>Example</p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table table-striped table-hover table-condensed AllBordersTable"> <thead> <tr> <th>Query</th> <th>Finds</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td> <em>Legal_basis = 32012R1151 WHEN Legal_basis_paragraph = 3</em> </td> <td> Documents: <ul> <li>whose legal basis is the document with CELEX number 32012R1151, and</li> <li>which are based on paragraph 3 of that document.</li> </ul> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <h3>NEAR10</h3> <p>Finds terms <strong>within 10 words</strong> of a specified other term. </p> <p>Example</p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table table-striped table-hover table-condensed AllBordersTable"> <thead> <tr> <th>Query</th> <th>Finds</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td> <em>Text ~ "transport" NEAR10 "perishable"</em> </td> <td>Documents containing the words 'transport' and 'perishable' within 10 words of each other (regardless of sentences and paragraphs). </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <h3>NEAR40</h3> <p>Functions as NEAR10 but <strong>within 40 words of a specified term</strong>. </p> <p><img alt="image bright idea" src="./../../../content/images/validation/warning.png"> You can only use NEAR10 and NEAR40 for <strong>text searches</strong>. </p> <h3>WILDCARDS (* and ?)</h3> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table table-striped table-hover table-condensed AllBordersTable"> <thead> <tr> <th></th> <th>Query</th> <th>Finds</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>*</td> <td> <em> Substitutes for <strong>0 to n characters</strong> </em> </td> <td> <em>expe*</em> will find <em>expert</em> , <em>expenditure</em> , <em>expectation</em> , etc. </td> </tr> <tr> <td>?</td> <td> Substitutes for a <strong>single character</strong> </td> <td> <em>ca?e</em> will find <em>case</em> , <em>care</em> , <em>cane</em> , etc. </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <p><img alt="image bright idea" src="./../../../content/images/validation/warning.png"> Wildcards <strong>cannot be used to begin</strong> a search term.<br> <br> <em>Text ~ *tation</em> is not a valid query. </p> <h3>RANGES</h3> <p>To enter <strong>a range of values</strong> for dates or numbers, use the following operators: </p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table table-striped table-hover table-condensed AllBordersTable"> <thead> <tr> <th>Query</th> <th>Finds</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>< (less than)</td> <td> For dates, this means "before" e.g. <em>Date_of_publication < 01/01/2015</em> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><= (less than or equal to)</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>> (greater than)</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>>= (greater than or equal to)</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><> (not equal to)</td> <td></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <h3>EQUALS (=)</h3> <p>Finds results that match your search term <strong>exactly</strong>. The operator is automatically added to the appropriate <em>fields</em> when chosen from <em>Search fields</em>. </p> <p><img alt="image bright idea" src="./../../../content/images/validation/warning.png"> <em>Note: the equals operator cannot be used with text data</em>. </p> <p>E.g. fields for <strong>dates or numbers</strong> will return results for that <em>exact</em> date or number. </p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table table-striped table-hover table-condensed AllBordersTable"> <thead> <tr> <th>Query</th> <th>Finds</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td> <em>Date_of_publication = 16/11/2010</em> </td> <td>Documents published on 16/11/2010 only.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <h3>TILDE (~)</h3> <p>Finds all texts <strong>containing</strong> the search term you enter. </p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table table-striped table-hover table-condensed AllBordersTable"> <thead> <tr> <th>Query</th> <th>Finds</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td> <em>Title ~ Commission</em> </td> <td>Documents whose title contains the word 'Commission'.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <h2>Search fields</h2> <p>The search fields are displayed <strong>below the expert search box</strong>, on the left side. </p> <p>These are <strong>all the fields you can search on</strong>, grouped into categories. By default only the top levels are shown. Click on them to display or hide the sub-levels. </p> <h2>Help for the search fields</h2> <p>When you click an <strong>item</strong> in the list of search fields, the system displays (to the right of the list) explanations, examples and tips on how to use that field: </p> <h3>Values (list form)</h3> <p>For some types of fields (e.g. <em>Documents –> Coded data –> Classifications –> Subject_matter (CT)</em>), the system displays a list of possible values that you can <strong>select</strong> for your search (check the box in front of your desired value(s) and click the <em>Add to query</em> button). </p> <p>To find a <strong>specific value</strong> – type it in the <em>Filter</em> box at the top of the list and click the <em>Filter</em> button. </p> <h3>Values (tree form)</h3> <p>Some values are displayed in tree form (e.g. <em>Documents –> Coded data –> Classifications –> EUROVOC_descriptor (DC)</em>). </p> <p>Click <img alt="maximize icon" src="./../../../content/images/box-maximize.png"> to expand an item and check the box in front of your desired value(s) to select it (<em>you can select multiple values</em>). </p> <p>To find a <strong>specific value</strong> – type it in the <em>Filter</em>box at the top of the list and click the <em>Filter</em> button. </p> <p>Click the <em>Add to query</em> button (<em>multiple values will be separated by 'OR'</em>). </p> <h3>Search by date</h3> <p>Search by an <strong>exact</strong> date or a <strong>range</strong> of dates: </p> <ol> <li> Select a date-related field (e.g. Documents –> Coded data – > Date – > Date_of_publication) and select from the dropdown on the right either: <ol> <li> <em>Exact date</em> </li> <li> <em>Range of date</em> </li> </ol> </li> <li>Type the dates <strong>manually</strong> (DD/MM/YYYY) or use the <strong>calendar</strong> button <img alt="calendar icon" src="./../../../content/images/date-picker.png">. </li> <li>Click the <em>Add to query</em>button. </li> </ol> <h3>Relationships between documents</h3> <p>To search for documents by relationship (e.g. find a document amended by another, or a document affected by a certain case): </p> <ol> <li>Click <em>Documents –> Coded data –> Relationship between documents</em>. </li> <li>Click a type of relationship, e.g. <em>Amended_by (MD)</em>. </li> <li>On the right you will see: <ol> <li>a field for the <em>CELEX number</em> <p><img alt="image bright idea" src="./../../../content/images/validation/warning.png"> <em>If the CELEX number contains brackets, please put it in quotation marks (e.g. "42000A0922(02)"</em>. </p> </li> <li>in some cases also a dropdown for the <em>Primary role</em>, where you can be much more specific about the relationship. </li> </ol> </li> <li>Click one of the values in the results list.</li> <li>Click the <em>Add to query</em> button. </li> </ol> <p><img alt="image bright idea" src="./../../../content/images/validation/warning.png"> <em>The fields for <strong>Legal Basis</strong> allow you to specify your search on a specific article, paragraph or even subparagraph</em>. </p> <h3>Comments on the relationships between documents</h3> <p>You can also search on the comments made to relationships between documents. Examples of fields with comments on relationships between documents include: <em>Documents –> Coded data –> Relationship between documents –> Case_affecting (AJ); Instruments_cited (CI); or Legal_basis (LB)</em>. </p> <p>To search on comments made on relationships between documents see procedure described above in "Relationships between documents". </p> <h2>Personalise your search results</h2> <p>Bellow the <strong>Expert query</strong> box, you can use the <em>Customise shown information</em> button to change how your results are displayed. </p> <h3>Highlighting words in your results – Text ZOOM</h3> <p>To highlight – in your results list – words from any <strong>text fields</strong> you are searching with: </p> <ol> <li>Click <em>Text ZOOM</em> (under <em>Metadata to display</em>). </li> <li>Select the <strong>number of words</strong> to be <strong>displayed before/after</strong> your search terms. </li> </ol> <p>To apply all these changes to your search results, click 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