EconSpark: AEA Economics Discussion Forum

<!DOCTYPE html>     <html class='no-js' lang='en'> <head> <base target="_top" /> <meta charset='utf-8'> <meta content='IE=edge' http-equiv='X-UA-Compatible'> <title>EconSpark: AEA Economics Discussion Forum</title> <meta content='width=device-width, initial-scale=1' name='viewport'> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="route" value="meta"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="_csrf"> <meta name="csrf-token" content="jVY7pQYh_rJzfx2cNJb6_U-jUrSW-jhVUktX-QLYOOL_FFT9YBGn50seTtFl0pCbHpAL0uOKWyYiJS6vc5sVoQ=="> <meta name="Secure-Key" content="Q25JQmpvVG5MZHR4VDU2R0ZWTkljVUY1NDhkMDlEWWdhUUs2RHdINWtJQ1dYMHZVWl98Z2VuZXJhbHxYMmx0V1dZd1NYRWRFem96Q1hzOEh4SUdQMkEwZWhvYk1sQS5ORHhISHlNOE1VQjBCRWNxUUE9PQ=="> <meta name="jerTk" value=""> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-38835597-1"></script> <link href="/assets/b97ca605/css/scroller.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="/assets/96767842/stylesheets/AeaWebAsset-min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="/assets/12216d3c/themes/smoothness/jquery-ui.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="/assets/96767842/stylesheets/glyphicons-halflings-v2.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="/assets/96767842/stylesheets/print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print"> <style>.primary{ width:100%; }</style> <script src="/assets/57ee7043/jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="/assets/b97ca605/js/scroller.js"></script> <script src="/assets/b97ca605/js/terms-of-service-ajax.js"></script> <script src="/assets/b97ca605/js/terms-of-service-modal.js"></script> <script src="/assets/b97ca605/js/terms-of-service-page.js"></script> <script src="/assets/b97ca605/js/terms-of-service-multi.js"></script> <script src="/assets/b97ca605/js/terms-of-service-route.js"></script> <script src="/assets/b97ca605/js/simple-tos.js"></script> <script src="/assets/16f70f2a/yii.js"></script> <script src="/assets/96767842/javascripts/vendor/modernizr.js"></script> <script src="//use.typekit.net/egr5vhm.js"></script> <script src="/assets/12216d3c/jquery-ui.min.js"></script> <script src="/assets/96767842/javascripts/AeaWebPluginAsset-min.js"></script> <script src="/assets/8c563648/js/SecureCsrfAsset-min.js"></script> <script src="/assets/9ff7b753/js/QueClientAsset-min.js"></script> <script src="/assets/dcf58b02/js/legal-cookie.js"></script> <script>$(document).ready(function() { window.keyAnltcs = keyAnalytics(); }); $(document).ready(function() { window.qClnt = new queClient({"token":"OXAyNzVXZFZ3TDl1MnQ3N09BbUhOVU11M3NHZ21xTE5NSGd6QWRZaF91UkVkOF9zaW98cXVldWVjbGllbnR8V0RKRGJYSXpkVmRoQlExQU5BWVNEUTFiR2hkRmNoTVdJblFnSXg1Y1FHRnVYSHBjRUFJWWJ3PT0="}); }); (function(e){function t(t, n, r, o){"use strict"; function a(){for (var e, n = 0; u.length > n; n++)u[n].href && u[n].href.indexOf(t) > - 1 && (e = !0); e?i.media = r || "all":setTimeout(a)}var i = e.document.createElement("link"), c = n || e.document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0], u = e.document.styleSheets; return i.rel = "stylesheet", i.href = t, i.media = "only x", i.onload = o || function(){}, c.parentNode.insertBefore(i, c), a(), i}var n = function(r, o){"use strict"; if (r && 3 === r.length){var a = e.navigator, i = e.Image, c = !(!document.createElementNS || !document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "svg").createSVGRect || !document.implementation.hasFeature("http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Image", "1.1") || e.opera && - 1 === a.userAgent.indexOf("Chrome") || - 1 !== a.userAgent.indexOf("Series40")), u = new i; u.onerror = function(){n.method = "png", t(r[2])}, u.onload = function(){var e = 1 === u.width && 1 === u.height, a = r[e && c?0:e?1:2]; n.method = e && c?"svg":e?"datapng":"png", n.href = a, t(a, null, null, o)}, u.src = "data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///ywAAAAAAQABAAACAUwAOw==", document.documentElement.className += " grunticon"}}; n.loadCSS = t, e.grunticon = n})(this);grunticon(["https://www.aeaweb.org/assets/96767842/grunticon/icons.data.svg.css", "https://www.aeaweb.org/assets/96767842/grunticon/icons.data.png.css", "/assets/grunticon/icons.fallback.css"], grunticon.svgLoadedCallback); try{Typekit.load();}catch(e){}</script></head> <body class="internal"> <div class="cookie-legal-banner"> <div class="cookie-content"> <div class="cookie-text-wrapper"> <h5 style="font-weight: bold !important; text-transform: none !important; font-size: 16px !important;">This website uses cookies.</h5> <p class="cookie-text">By clicking the "Accept" button or continuing to browse our site, you agree to first-party and session-only cookies being stored on your device to enhance site navigation and analyze site performance and traffic. For more information on our use of cookies, please see our <a href="/privacypolicy">Privacy Policy</a>.</p> </div> <div class="cookie-button-wrapper"> <button class="button legal-cookie-accept-button">Accept</button> </div> </div> </div> <script> try{ $(document).ready(function() { try{ var lgCk = new LegalCookie(); }catch (e){}; }); }catch (e){}; </script>  <header class="site-header" role="banner"> <div class="container"> <h1 class="site-name"> <a href="/"><img alt="American Economic Association" src="/assets/96767842/images/logo.svg"> </a> </h1> <div class="nav-wrapper"> <div class="mobile-navigation"> <button class="menu-trigger"> <span class="menu-icon"> <div class="top-left wing"></div> <div class="top-right wing"></div> <div class="middle wing"></div> <div class="bottom-left wing"></div> <div class="bottom-right wing"></div> </span> <span class="trigger-text"> Menu </span> </button> </div> <div class="navigation-container"> <nav class="navigation-group" role="navigation"> <form class="search mobile-search" role="search" action="/search"> <div class="search-wrapper"> <input checked="checked" placeholder="Search" type="search" name="q"> <input checked="checked" class="icon-search-0" type="submit" value="Search"> </div> </form> <ul class="primary-navigation"> <li> <a href="/journals">Journals</a> </li> <li> <a href="/conference">Annual Meeting</a> </li> <li> <a href="/joe">Careers</a> </li> <li> <a href="/resources">Resources</a> </li> <li> <a href="/econlit">EconLit</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about-aea/committees">Committees</a> </li> <li> <a href="/ethics">Ethics/Ombuds</a> </li> </ul> <span class="has-icon search-trigger-wrapper"> <a class="search-trigger icon-searchclose-sprite" href="#search"> </a> </span> <ul class="utility-navigation"> <li> <a href="/membership">Membership</a> </li> <li class="utility-about"> <a href="/about-aea">About AEA</a> </li> <li> <a href="/login/">Log In</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <script type="text/javascript"> function initLoggedinMenu(){ this.target = $(".utility-navigation"); this.menuItems = null; this.menuWrapper = null; this.init = function(){ this.getMenuItems(); this.renderMenu(); this.setEvents(); } this.hasMenuItems = function(){ if(this.menuItems !== null){ return true; } return false; } this.destroyMenuWrapper = function(){ if($("#loggedin-utility-menu-wrapper").length > 0){ $("#loggedin-utility-menu-wrapper").remove(); } } this.createMenuWrapper = function(){ this.destroyMenuWrapper(); $(this.target).append('<li id="loggedin-utility-menu-wrapper"></li>'); this.menuWrapper = $("#loggedin-utility-menu-wrapper"); return this.menuWrapper; } this.getMenuItems = function(){ var menuItems = null; if($(".utility-loggedin").length <= 0){ return; } if(this.menuItems !== null){ return; } menuItems = []; $(".utility-loggedin").each(function(){ menuItems.push($(this)); }); this.menuItems = menuItems; } this.setMenuItems = function(){ $(this.menuWrapper).html('<li id="loggedin-utility-button">Profile</li><div id="loggedin-utility-list"></div>'); for(var item in this.menuItems){ $(this.menuWrapper).find("#loggedin-utility-list").append('<li>'+this.menuItems[item].html()+'</li>'); } } this.renderMenu = function(){ if(!this.hasMenuItems()){ return; } this.createMenuWrapper(); this.setMenuItems(); } this.showHideList = function(){ var display = null; var target = $(this.menuWrapper).find("#loggedin-utility-list"); display = $(target).css("display"); if(display === "none"){ $(target).css("display","block"); this.positionList(); }else{ $(target).css("display","none"); } } this.positionList = function(){ var btnHeight = null; var button = $(this.menuWrapper).find("#loggedin-utility-button"); var list = $(this.menuWrapper).find("#loggedin-utility-list"); btnHeight = $(this.menuWrapper).outerHeight(true); $(list).css("top",(btnHeight - 2)+"px"); } this.setEvents = function(){ var _self = this; $(this.menuWrapper).find("#loggedin-utility-button").unbind(); $(this.menuWrapper).find("#loggedin-utility-button").bind("click",function(){ _self.showHideList(); }); } } logMenu = new initLoggedinMenu(); logMenu.init(); /*var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-38835597-1']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })();*/ window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'UA-38835597-1'); </script> </div> </div> </div> <form class="search desktop-search" role="search" method="get" action="/search"> <div class="container"> <div class="search-wrapper"> <input placeholder="Search" type="search" name="q"> <input class="icon-search-0" type="submit" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </header> <div class="breadcrumbs-wrapper"><div class="container"><ol class="breadcrumbs"><li><a href="/">Home</a></li><li><a href="/economics-discussion-forum">EconSpark: AEA Economics Discussion Forum</a></li></ol></div></div> <main class="main-content " role="main"><div class="container"> <section class="primary sessions-list edf-body annual-meeting-landing"> <div class="conference-heading"> <h1>EconSpark: AEA Economics Discussion Forum</h1> <h2 class="subtitle"></h2> </div> <div class="landing-description"> <div class="landing-image"> <img class="lead-image" src="/content/file?id=7755"/> </div> <section class="meeting-details"> <div class="edf-intro-copy"> <p>Welcome to EconSpark: the AEA Economics Discussion Forum. This moderated message board was created to provide a place for members and other registered users to share information relevant to economics. We hope you will ask questions and contribute comments to foster a community where participants can learn from and advise each other in a safe environment. To post on EconSpark, please login or register. </p> <div> <p>Log in using your AEA account information. Active AEA members can post to EconSpark immediately. If you do not have an AEA account, you can create an account here. Once approved by the forum administrators, access to post to EconSpark will be granted.</p> <p style="float: right;"><a class="button-subtle" href="/forum">View Only Access</a></p> <p><a class="button" href="/login?return_path=/economics-discussion-forum">Login</a>  or  <a class="button" href="/site/signup">Create Account </a></p> <p>By using EconSpark, you acknowledge and consent to the <a href="/economics-discussion-forum/guidelines">Disclaimer and Usage Guidelines</a>.</p> <p> </p> </div> </div> </section> </div> </section> </div></main><footer class='site-footer'> <div class='container'> <nav class='navigation-group'> <ul> <li> <a href="/journals">Journals</a> </li> <li> <a href="/conference">Annual Meeting</a> </li> <li> <a href="/joe">Careers</a> </li> <li> <a href="/resources">Resources</a> </li> <li> <a href="/econlit">EconLit</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about-aea/committees">Committees</a> </li> <li> <a href="/membership">Membership</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about-aea">About AEA</a> </li> <li> <a href="/login/">Log In</a> </li> <li> <a class="contact-link" href="/contact">Contact the AEA</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <div class="social-legal"> <section class='legal'> <ul> <li class='footer-terms'><a href="/terms-of-service/site">Terms of Use</a></li> <li><a href="/privacypolicy">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li class='copyright'>Copyright 2025 American Economic Association. All rights reserved.</li> </ul> </section> <section class='social-media'> <a href="/social"> <h3 class='section-title'>Follow us:</h3> <div class="social-icons"> <img class="social-icon" src="/assets/96767842/images/x-logo-black.png" /> <img class="social-icon" src="/assets/96767842/images/bluesky_logo.svg" /> <img class="social-icon" src="/assets/96767842/images/fb_icon.svg" /> </div> </a> </section> </div> </div> </footer></body><script src="/assets/6f8a9a93/js/edf.js"></script> <script>jQuery(function ($) { $(function() { createAccount(); }); });</script></html>

CINXE.COM

EconSpark: AEA Economics Discussion Forum