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Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly - Wikipedia

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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Biografia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Biografia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Biografia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Biografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-L&#039;invasione_napoleonica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L&#039;invasione_napoleonica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>L'invasione napoleonica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-L&#039;invasione_napoleonica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Le_campagne_estere" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Le_campagne_estere"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Le campagne estere</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Le_campagne_estere-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Onorificenze" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Onorificenze"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Onorificenze</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Onorificenze-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Onorificenze</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Onorificenze-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Onorificenze_russe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Onorificenze_russe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Onorificenze russe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Onorificenze_russe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Onorificenze_straniere" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Onorificenze_straniere"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Onorificenze straniere</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Onorificenze_straniere-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l&#039;indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l&#039;indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un&#039;altra lingua. Disponibile in 48 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-48" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">48 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Barclay_de_Tolly" title="Mikhail Barclay de Tolly - aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Mikhail Barclay de Tolly" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A" title="ميخائيل أندرياس باركلي دي تولي - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ميخائيل أندرياس باركلي دي تولي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%AF%D9%89_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84%D9%89" title="مايكل اندرياس باركلى دى تولى - arabo egiziano" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مايكل اندرياس باركلى دى تولى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabo egiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixail_Barklay-de-Tolli" title="Mixail Barklay-de-Tolli - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mixail Barklay-de-Tolli" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%96%D0%BB_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D1%8D_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Міхаіл Багданавіч Барклай дэ Толі - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Міхаіл Багданавіч Барклай дэ Толі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikha%C3%AFl_Barclay_de_Tolly" title="Mikhaïl Barclay de Tolly - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mikhaïl Barclay de Tolly" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michail_Bogdanovi%C4%8D_Barclay_de_Tolly" title="Michail Bogdanovič Barclay de Tolly - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Michail Bogdanovič Barclay de Tolly" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9-%D0%B4%D0%B5-%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Барклай-де-Толли Михаил Богданович - ciuvascio" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Барклай-де-Толли Михаил Богданович" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Andreas_Barclay_de_Tolly" title="Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Andreas_Barclay_de_Tolly" title="Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Andreas_Barclay_de_Tolly" title="Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Andreas_Barclay_de_Tolly" title="Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mija%C3%ADl_Barclay_de_Tolly" title="Mijaíl Barclay de Tolly - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mijaíl Barclay de Tolly" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Andreas_Barclay_de_Tolly" title="Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Andreas_Barclay_de_Tolly" title="Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84_%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D9%88_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="میشائیل آندریاس بارکلی دو تولی - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="میشائیل آندریاس بارکلی دو تولی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Barclay_de_Tolly" title="Michael Barclay de Tolly - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Michael Barclay de Tolly" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Barclay_de_Tolly" title="Michel Barclay de Tolly - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Michel Barclay de Tolly" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michail_Bogdanovitsj_Barclay_de_Tolly" title="Michail Bogdanovitsj Barclay de Tolly - frisone occidentale" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Michail Bogdanovitsj Barclay de Tolly" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisone occidentale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9C_%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%99_%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99" title="מיכאיל ברקלאי דה טולי - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מיכאיל ברקלאי דה טולי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Andreas_Barclay_de_Tolly" title="Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%AB%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%AC_%D4%B2%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B5-%D5%A4%D5%A8-%D5%8F%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%AB" title="Միխայիլ Բարկլայ-դը-Տոլի - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Միխայիլ Բարկլայ-դը-Տոլի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Andreas_Barclay_de_Tolly" title="Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9F%E3%83%8F%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%90%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%BB%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%83%88%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA" title="ミハイル・バルクライ・ド・トーリ - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ミハイル・バルクライ・ド・トーリ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A_%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%98-%E1%83%93%E1%83%94-%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="მიხეილ ბარკლაი-დე-ტოლი - georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მიხეილ ბარკლაი-დე-ტოლი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9-%D0%B4%D0%B5-%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Михаил Богданович Барклай-де-Толли - kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Михаил Богданович Барклай-де-Толли" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%94%ED%81%B4%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4_%EB%93%9C_%ED%86%A8%EB%A6%AC" title="바클라이 드 톨리 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="바클라이 드 톨리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9-%D0%94%D0%B5-%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Барклай-Де-Толли Михаил Богданович - kirghiso" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Барклай-Де-Толли Михаил Богданович" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghiso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Andreas_Barclay_de_Tolly" title="Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly - latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Andreas_Barclay_de_Tolly" title="Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly - lombardo" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barclay_de_Tolly" title="Barclay de Tolly - lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Barclay de Tolly" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mihaels_Andreass_Barklajs_de_Tolli" title="Mihaels Andreass Barklajs de Tolli - lettone" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mihaels Andreass Barklajs de Tolli" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Andreas_Barclay_de_Tolly" title="Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Andreas_Barclay_de_Tolly" title="Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Andreas_Barclay_de_Tolly" title="Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michai%C5%82_Barclay_de_Tolly" title="Michaił Barclay de Tolly - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Michaił Barclay de Tolly" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Bogdanovich_Barclay_de_Tolly" title="Mikhail Bogdanovich Barclay de Tolly - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mikhail Bogdanovich Barclay de Tolly" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mihail_Andreas_Barclay_de_Tolly" title="Mihail Andreas Barclay de Tolly - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mihail Andreas Barclay de Tolly" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8,_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Барклай де Толли, Михаил Богданович - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Барклай де Толли, Михаил Богданович" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mihail_Bogdanovi%C4%8D_Barclay_de_Tolly" title="Mihail Bogdanovič Barclay de Tolly - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mihail Bogdanovič Barclay de Tolly" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%98_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Барклај де Толи - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Барклај де Толи" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michail_Barclay_de_Tolly" title="Michail Barclay de Tolly - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Michail Barclay de Tolly" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Andreas_Barclay_de_Tolly" title="Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Михаил Барклай де Толли - tataro" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Михаил Барклай де Толли" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tataro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9-%D0%B4%D0%B5-%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%96_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Барклай-де-Толлі Михайло Богданович - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Барклай-де-Толлі Михайло Богданович" 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summary="Tabella sinottica che riassume i principali dati del soggetto"><tbody><tr class="sinottico_testata"><th colspan="2" style="background:lightsteelblue; color: black;">Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly</th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Barclay_de_Tolly_(Dawe).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Barclay_de_Tolly_%28Dawe%29.jpg/167px-Barclay_de_Tolly_%28Dawe%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="167" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Barclay_de_Tolly_%28Dawe%29.jpg/251px-Barclay_de_Tolly_%28Dawe%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Barclay_de_Tolly_%28Dawe%29.jpg/335px-Barclay_de_Tolly_%28Dawe%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="824" data-file-height="1476" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure>Ritratto di Barclay de Tolly, esposto presso la <a href="/wiki/Galleria_militare_del_Palazzo_d%27Inverno" title="Galleria militare del Palazzo d&#39;Inverno">Galleria militare del Palazzo d'Inverno</a> di <a href="/wiki/San_Pietroburgo" title="San Pietroburgo">San Pietroburgo</a>, di <a href="/wiki/George_Dawe" title="George Dawe">George Dawe</a></td></tr><tr><th>Nascita</th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pam%C5%AB%C5%A1is&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pamūšis (la pagina non esiste)">Pamūšis</a>,&#32;24 dicembre <a href="/wiki/1761" title="1761">1761</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Morte</th><td><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cernjachovsk" title="Černjachovsk">Černjachovsk</a>,&#32;26 maggio <a href="/wiki/1818" title="1818">1818</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Cause della morte</th><td>malattia </td></tr><tr><th>Luogo di sepoltura</th><td>Jõgeveste (<a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>) </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:lightsteelblue; color: black;">Dati militari</th></tr><tr><th>Paese&#160;servito</th><td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Russia (bandiera)"><img alt="Russia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Impero_russo" title="Impero russo">Impero russo</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Anni di servizio</th><td><a href="/wiki/1776" title="1776">1776</a> - <a href="/wiki/1818" title="1818">1818</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Grado</th><td><a href="/wiki/Feldmaresciallo" title="Feldmaresciallo">feldmaresciallo</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Guerre</th><td><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guerra_russo-turca_(1787-1792)" title="Guerra russo-turca (1787-1792)">Guerra russo-turca del 1787-1791</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terza_coalizione" title="Terza coalizione">Guerra della terza coalizione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarta_coalizione" title="Quarta coalizione">Guerra della quarta coalizione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerra_di_Finlandia" title="Guerra di Finlandia">Guerra russo-svedese del 1808-1809</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesta_coalizione" title="Sesta coalizione">Guerra della sesta coalizione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Settima_coalizione" title="Settima coalizione">Guerra della settima coalizione</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr><tr><th>Campagne</th><td><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spartizioni_della_Polonia" title="Spartizioni della Polonia">Campagna di Polonia del 1794</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campagna_di_Russia" title="Campagna di Russia">Guerra patriottica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campagna_nel_nord-est_della_Francia" title="Campagna nel nord-est della Francia">Campagna di Francia del 1814</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr><tr><th>Battaglie</th><td><div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presa_di_Otchakov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Presa di Otchakov (la pagina non esiste)">Presa di Otchakov</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battaglia_di_Kaouchany&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Battaglia di Kaouchany (la pagina non esiste)">Battaglia di Kaouchany</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presa_di_Ackerman_e_di_Bender&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Presa di Ackerman e di Bender (la pagina non esiste)">Presa di Ackerman e di Bender</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assalto_a_Vilna&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Assalto a Vilna (la pagina non esiste)">Assalto a Vilna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battaglia_di_Austerlitz" title="Battaglia di Austerlitz">Battaglia di Austerlitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battaglia_di_Eylau" title="Battaglia di Eylau">Battaglia di Eylau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Combattimento_di_Vitebsk&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Combattimento di Vitebsk (la pagina non esiste)">Combattimento di Vitebsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battaglia_di_Smolensk_(1812)" title="Battaglia di Smolensk (1812)">Battaglia di Smolensk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battaglia_di_Borodino" title="Battaglia di Borodino">Battaglia della Moskova</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assedio_di_Thorn&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Assedio di Thorn (la pagina non esiste)">Assedio di Thorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battaglia_di_Kulm" title="Battaglia di Kulm">Battaglia di Kulm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battaglia_di_Lipsia" title="Battaglia di Lipsia">Battaglia di Lipsia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battaglia_di_Parigi" title="Battaglia di Parigi">Battaglia di Parigi</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr><tr><th>Decorazioni</th><td>vedi testo (Onorificenze) </td></tr><tr><th>Altre cariche</th><td>Ministro della guerra (1810-1812) </td></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2" style="text-align:right">Fonti nel testo </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="sinottico_piede" style="background:lightsteelblue;"><b><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Militari" title="Categoria:Militari">voci di militari presenti su Wikipedia</a></b> </td></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_piede2 noprint nomobile metadata" colspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/Template:Militare/man" title="Template:Militare/man"><span title="Manuale del template Militare">Manuale</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly</b>, noto in <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> come <i>Michail Bogdanovič Barklaj-de-Tolli</i> (<a href="/wiki/Alfabeto_cirillico" title="Alfabeto cirillico">cirillico</a>: Михаи́л Богда́нович Баркла́й-де-То́лли; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pam%C5%AB%C5%A1is&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pamūšis (la pagina non esiste)">Pamūšis</a>, <a href="/wiki/24_dicembre" title="24 dicembre">24 dicembre</a> <a href="/wiki/1761" title="1761">1761</a> – <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cernjachovsk" title="Černjachovsk">Černjachovsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/26_maggio" title="26 maggio">26 maggio</a> <a href="/wiki/1818" title="1818">1818</a>), è stato un <a href="/wiki/Feldmaresciallo" title="Feldmaresciallo">feldmaresciallo</a> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">russo</a> e <a href="/wiki/Impero_russo#Il_Consiglio_dei_ministri" title="Impero russo">ministro della guerra</a> durante la <a href="/wiki/Campagna_di_Russia" title="Campagna di Russia">campagna di Russia</a> del <a href="/wiki/1812" title="1812">1812</a>. Era un <a href="/wiki/Tedeschi_del_Baltico" title="Tedeschi del Baltico">tedesco baltico</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografia">Biografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Andreas_Barclay_de_Tolly&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Biografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Andreas_Barclay_de_Tolly&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Biografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Barclay de Tolly, il più illustre membro della <a href="/w/index.php?title=Barclay_(famiglia)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Barclay (famiglia) (la pagina non esiste)">famiglia Barclay</a>, nacque a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pam%C5%AB%C5%A1is&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pamūšis (la pagina non esiste)">Pamūšis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Distretto_di_Joni%C5%A1kis" class="mw-redirect" title="Distretto di Joniškis">distretto di Joniškis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania">Lituania</a>), e crebbe nella provincia <a href="/wiki/Mar_Baltico" title="Mar Baltico">baltica</a> di <a href="/wiki/Livonia" title="Livonia">Livonia</a>, che successivamente entrò a far parte dell'<a href="/wiki/Impero_russo" title="Impero russo">Impero russo</a> ed ora è divisa fra <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> e <a href="/wiki/Lettonia" title="Lettonia">Lettonia</a>. Era un <a href="/wiki/Tedeschi_del_Baltico" title="Tedeschi del Baltico">baltico tedesco</a>, discendente da una famiglia <a href="/wiki/Scozia" title="Scozia">scozzese</a> stabilitasi in Livonia nel <a href="/wiki/XVII_secolo" title="XVII secolo">XVII secolo</a>. Suo nonno fu sindaco di <a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a>, suo padre fu inserito nei ranghi della <a href="/wiki/Nobilt%C3%A0_russa" title="Nobiltà russa">nobiltà russa</a> ed egli entrò nell'esercito russo in giovane età. </p><p>Fra il <a href="/wiki/1788" title="1788">1788</a> e il <a href="/wiki/1789" title="1789">1789</a>, Barclay combatté contro l'<a href="/wiki/Impero_ottomano" title="Impero ottomano">Impero ottomano</a>, distinguendosi nella presa di <a href="/wiki/O%C4%8Dakiv" title="Očakiv">Očakiv</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oblast_di_Mykolaiv" class="mw-redirect" title="Oblast di Mykolaiv">Oblast di Mykolaiv</a>) e Akkerman (oggi <a href="/wiki/Belgorod_Dnestrovskij" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgorod Dnestrovskij">Belgorod Dnestrovskij</a> nell'<a href="/wiki/Oblast_di_Odessa" class="mw-redirect" title="Oblast di Odessa">Oblast di Odessa</a>). Nel <a href="/wiki/1790" title="1790">1790</a> venne inviato contro gli <a href="/wiki/Svezia" title="Svezia">svedesi</a> e, quattro anni dopo, si batté contro i <a href="/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia">polacchi</a>. Divenne <a href="/wiki/Colonnello" title="Colonnello">colonnello</a> nel <a href="/wiki/1798" title="1798">1798</a> e maggior generale nel <a href="/wiki/1799" title="1799">1799</a>. </p><p>Nella guerra del <a href="/wiki/1806" title="1806">1806</a> contro <a href="/wiki/Napoleone_Bonaparte" title="Napoleone Bonaparte">Napoleone</a>, Barclay si distinse prendendo parte alla <a href="/wiki/Battaglia_di_Pu%C5%82tusk" title="Battaglia di Pułtusk">battaglia di Pułtusk</a> nel dicembre 1806 e fu ferito nella <a href="/wiki/Battaglia_di_Eylau" title="Battaglia di Eylau">battaglia di Eylau</a> (7 febbraio <a href="/wiki/1807" title="1807">1807</a>), dove la sua condotta gli valse la promozione a luogotenente generale. </p><p>Dopo un periodo di convalescenza, Barclay tornò nell'esercito nel <a href="/wiki/1808" title="1808">1808</a>, comandando le operazioni contro gli svedesi nel corso della <a href="/wiki/Guerra_di_Finlandia" title="Guerra di Finlandia">guerra finnica</a>. Nel <a href="/wiki/1809" title="1809">1809</a> si guadagnò una reputazione europea per un'operazione condotta nel ghiacciato <a href="/wiki/Golfo_di_Botnia" title="Golfo di Botnia">golfo di Botnia</a>, che gli permise di sorprendere il nemico e conquistare <a href="/wiki/Ume%C3%A5" title="Umeå">Umeå</a> in <a href="/wiki/Svezia" title="Svezia">Svezia</a>. Per questa impresa, immortalata dal poeta russo <a href="/wiki/Evgenij_Abramovi%C4%8D_Baratynskij" title="Evgenij Abramovič Baratynskij">Baratynskij</a>, venne promosso generale e nominato Governatore della <a href="/wiki/Finlandia" title="Finlandia">Finlandia</a>. Un anno più tardi, divenne <a href="/wiki/Ministro" title="Ministro">ministro</a> della guerra, rimanendovi fino a <a href="/wiki/1813" title="1813">1813</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="L'invasione_napoleonica"><span id="L.27invasione_napoleonica"></span>L'invasione napoleonica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Andreas_Barclay_de_Tolly&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifica la sezione L&#039;invasione napoleonica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Andreas_Barclay_de_Tolly&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: L&#039;invasione napoleonica"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Durante l'invasione napoleonica della Russia del <a href="/wiki/1812" title="1812">1812</a>, Barclay assunse il comando supremo della prima armata russa nell'ovest, la più grande armata russa che fronteggiò Napoleone. Fu egli a proporre la famosa tattica della "terra bruciata", che lasciò Napoleone in mezzo a una landa desolata mentre egli si ritirava a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Car%C3%ABvo-Zajmi%C5%A1%C4%8De&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Carëvo-Zajmišče (la pagina non esiste)">Carëvo-Zajmišče</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, presso <a href="/wiki/Vjaz%27ma_(citt%C3%A0)" title="Vjaz&#39;ma (città)">Vjaz'ma</a>, fra <a href="/wiki/Mosca_(Russia)" title="Mosca (Russia)">Mosca</a> e <a href="/wiki/Smolensk" title="Smolensk">Smolensk</a>. </p><p>I russi si erano opposti alla nomina di uno straniero a comandante in capo del loro esercito e i suoi detrattori diffusero maldicenze contro di lui, sostenendo che fosse una spia al servizio di Napoleone. Costretto dai suoi subalterni e dallo zar a impegnare Napoleone nella <a href="/wiki/Battaglia_di_Smolensk_(1812)" title="Battaglia di Smolensk (1812)">battaglia di Smolensk</a> (17-18 agosto 1812) Barclay subì una dura sconfitta e venne apertamente contestato e a corte. Barclay fu costretto a rassegnare le dimissioni dal comando e al suo posto fu richiamato il <a href="/wiki/Maresciallo" title="Maresciallo">maresciallo</a> <a href="/wiki/Michail_Illarionovi%C4%8D_Kutuzov" title="Michail Illarionovič Kutuzov">Michail Kutuzov</a>, un veterano delle guerre contro gli ottomani e, più di recente, della <a href="/wiki/Guerra_della_Terza_coalizione" class="mw-redirect" title="Guerra della Terza coalizione">guerra della Terza coalizione</a>. </p><p>Barclay comandò il fianco destro dell'armata russa alla <a href="/wiki/Battaglia_di_Borodino" title="Battaglia di Borodino">battaglia di Borodino</a> (7 settembre 1812), con grande valore e chiara visione della situazione, e nel famoso concilio svoltosi a Fili, vicino a Mosca, consigliò a Kutuzov di lasciare Mosca indifesa alle truppe napoleoniche. La sua malattia, emersa in quel tempo, lo obbligò a lasciare l'esercito subito dopo. </p><p>Dopo che Napoleone venne cacciato dalla Russia, il successo delle tattiche di Barclay gli fecero assumere la figura di un eroe romantico, incompreso dai suoi contemporanei e rifiutato dalla corte. La sua popolarità salì alle stelle e il suo onore fu riabilitato dallo zar. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Le_campagne_estere">Le campagne estere</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Andreas_Barclay_de_Tolly&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Le campagne estere" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Andreas_Barclay_de_Tolly&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Le campagne estere"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Barclay venne reintegrato nei ranghi e prese parte alla campagna di <a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">Germania</a>. Dopo la morte di Kutuzov, fu nominato ancora una volta comandante in capo dell'armata russa alla <a href="/wiki/Battaglia_di_Bautzen" title="Battaglia di Bautzen">battaglia di Bautzen</a> (21 maggio 1813), alla <a href="/wiki/Battaglia_di_Dresda" title="Battaglia di Dresda">battaglia di Dresda</a> (26-27 agosto 1813), alla <a href="/wiki/Battaglia_di_Kulm" title="Battaglia di Kulm">battaglia di Kulm</a> (29-30 agosto 1813) e alla <a href="/wiki/Battaglia_di_Lipsia" title="Battaglia di Lipsia">battaglia di Lipsia</a> (16-19 ottobre 1813). Nell'ultima battaglia comandò la parte centrale delle forze alleate in modo così egregio che lo zar lo nominò <a href="/wiki/Conte" title="Conte">conte</a>. </p><p>Barclay prese poi parte all'invasione della Francia nel <a href="/wiki/1814" title="1814">1814</a> e comandò la presa di <a href="/wiki/Parigi" title="Parigi">Parigi</a>, ricevendo il bastone di maresciallo in segno di onore. Nel <a href="/wiki/1815" title="1815">1815</a> comandò nuovamente le truppe che invasero la Francia e venne elevato al titolo di <a href="/wiki/Principe" title="Principe">principe</a> alla fine della guerra. </p><p>Barclay de Tolly morì a <a href="/wiki/Insterburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Insterburg">Insterburg</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussia</a>, il 26 maggio <a href="/wiki/1818" title="1818">1818</a>, sulla strada di ritorno in patria. I suoi resti, imbalsamati, vennero tumulati in un mausoleo costruito nel <a href="/wiki/1823" title="1823">1823</a> a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elme&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Elme (la pagina non esiste)">Elme</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>. </p><p>Una sua grande statua venne eretta di fronte alla <a href="/wiki/Cattedrale_di_Kazan%27_(San_Pietroburgo)" title="Cattedrale di Kazan&#39; (San Pietroburgo)">Cattedrale di Kazan'</a>, a <a href="/wiki/San_Pietroburgo" title="San Pietroburgo">San Pietroburgo</a>, dietro il monumento allo zar <a href="/wiki/Nicola_I_di_Russia" title="Nicola I di Russia">Nicola I</a>, mentre un altro monumento venne eretto a Riga. </p><p>Barclay adottò il figlio del suo luogotenente Weymarn, poiché non ne ebbe di suoi. Il nome di famiglia continuò nella forma Barklay de Tolly-Weymarn. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Onorificenze">Onorificenze</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Andreas_Barclay_de_Tolly&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Onorificenze" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Andreas_Barclay_de_Tolly&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Onorificenze"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Onorificenze_russe">Onorificenze russe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Andreas_Barclay_de_Tolly&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Onorificenze russe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Andreas_Barclay_de_Tolly&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Onorificenze russe"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="display: flex; gap: 4px; padding: 3px"> <div style="width:60px"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:St.AndrewOrder.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Cavaliere dell&#39;Ordine di Sant&#39;Andrea - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria"><img alt="Cavaliere dell&#39;Ordine di Sant&#39;Andrea - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/St.AndrewOrder.png/60px-St.AndrewOrder.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/St.AndrewOrder.png/90px-St.AndrewOrder.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/St.AndrewOrder.png/120px-St.AndrewOrder.png 2x" data-file-width="338" data-file-height="93" /></a></span></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 4px"> <div><a href="/wiki/Ordine_di_Sant%27Andrea" title="Ordine di Sant&#39;Andrea">Cavaliere dell'Ordine di Sant'Andrea</a></div> <div></div> </div> </div> <div style="display: flex; gap: 4px; padding: 3px"> <div style="width:60px"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RUS_Order_of_St._Alexander_Nevsky_BAR.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Cavaliere dell&#39;Ordine Imperiale di Sant&#39;Aleksandr Nevskij con diamanti - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria"><img alt="Cavaliere dell&#39;Ordine Imperiale di Sant&#39;Aleksandr Nevskij con diamanti - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/RUS_Order_of_St._Alexander_Nevsky_BAR.png/60px-RUS_Order_of_St._Alexander_Nevsky_BAR.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/RUS_Order_of_St._Alexander_Nevsky_BAR.png/90px-RUS_Order_of_St._Alexander_Nevsky_BAR.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/RUS_Order_of_St._Alexander_Nevsky_BAR.png/120px-RUS_Order_of_St._Alexander_Nevsky_BAR.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 4px"> <div><a href="/wiki/Ordine_Imperiale_di_Sant%27Aleksandr_Nevskij" title="Ordine Imperiale di Sant&#39;Aleksandr Nevskij">Cavaliere dell'Ordine Imperiale di Sant'Aleksandr Nevskij con diamanti</a></div> <div></div> </div> </div> <div style="display: flex; gap: 4px; padding: 3px"> <div style="width:60px"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:OrderStGeorge1cl_rib.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Cavaliere di I Classe dell&#39;Ordine Imperiale di San Giorgio - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria"><img alt="Cavaliere di I Classe dell&#39;Ordine Imperiale di San Giorgio - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/OrderStGeorge1cl_rib.png/60px-OrderStGeorge1cl_rib.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/OrderStGeorge1cl_rib.png/90px-OrderStGeorge1cl_rib.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/OrderStGeorge1cl_rib.png/120px-OrderStGeorge1cl_rib.png 2x" data-file-width="245" data-file-height="66" /></a></span></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 4px"> <div><a href="/wiki/Ordine_di_San_Giorgio" title="Ordine di San Giorgio">Cavaliere di I Classe dell'Ordine Imperiale di San Giorgio</a></div> <div>—&#160;19 agosto 1813</div> </div> </div> <div style="display: flex; gap: 4px; padding: 3px"> <div style="width:60px"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_Saint_Vladimir,_ribbon_bar.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cavaliere di I classe dell&#39;Ordine di San Vladimiro - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria"><img alt="Cavaliere di I classe dell&#39;Ordine di San Vladimiro - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Order_of_Saint_Vladimir%2C_ribbon_bar.svg/60px-Order_of_Saint_Vladimir%2C_ribbon_bar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Order_of_Saint_Vladimir%2C_ribbon_bar.svg/90px-Order_of_Saint_Vladimir%2C_ribbon_bar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Order_of_Saint_Vladimir%2C_ribbon_bar.svg/120px-Order_of_Saint_Vladimir%2C_ribbon_bar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="105" data-file-height="30" /></a></span></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 4px"> <div><a href="/wiki/Ordine_di_San_Vladimiro" title="Ordine di San Vladimiro">Cavaliere di I classe dell'Ordine di San Vladimiro</a></div> <div></div> </div> </div> <div style="display: flex; gap: 4px; padding: 3px"> <div style="width:60px"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RUS_Order_%C5%9Bw._Anny_(baretka).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cavaliere di I classe dell&#39;Ordine di Sant&#39;Anna - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria"><img alt="Cavaliere di I classe dell&#39;Ordine di Sant&#39;Anna - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/RUS_Order_%C5%9Bw._Anny_%28baretka%29.svg/60px-RUS_Order_%C5%9Bw._Anny_%28baretka%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/RUS_Order_%C5%9Bw._Anny_%28baretka%29.svg/90px-RUS_Order_%C5%9Bw._Anny_%28baretka%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/RUS_Order_%C5%9Bw._Anny_%28baretka%29.svg/120px-RUS_Order_%C5%9Bw._Anny_%28baretka%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="275" /></a></span></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 4px"> <div><a href="/wiki/Ordine_di_Sant%27Anna" title="Ordine di Sant&#39;Anna">Cavaliere di I classe dell'Ordine di Sant'Anna</a></div> <div></div> </div> </div> <div style="display: flex; gap: 4px; padding: 3px"> <div style="width:60px"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gold_Weapon_of_the_Order_of_Saint_George_(Russia).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Spada d&#39;oro al coraggio con diamanti - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria"><img alt="Spada d&#39;oro al coraggio con diamanti - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Gold_Weapon_of_the_Order_of_Saint_George_%28Russia%29.jpg/23px-Gold_Weapon_of_the_Order_of_Saint_George_%28Russia%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="23" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Gold_Weapon_of_the_Order_of_Saint_George_%28Russia%29.jpg/35px-Gold_Weapon_of_the_Order_of_Saint_George_%28Russia%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Gold_Weapon_of_the_Order_of_Saint_George_%28Russia%29.jpg/47px-Gold_Weapon_of_the_Order_of_Saint_George_%28Russia%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="489" data-file-height="628" /></a></span></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 4px"> <div><a href="/wiki/Spada_d%27oro_al_coraggio" title="Spada d&#39;oro al coraggio">Spada d'oro al coraggio con diamanti</a></div> <div></div> </div> </div> <div style="display: flex; gap: 4px; padding: 3px"> <div style="width:60px"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RUS_Imperial_Order_of_Saint_George_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Croce della battaglia di Ochakovo - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria"><img alt="Croce della battaglia di Ochakovo - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/RUS_Imperial_Order_of_Saint_George_ribbon.svg/60px-RUS_Imperial_Order_of_Saint_George_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/RUS_Imperial_Order_of_Saint_George_ribbon.svg/90px-RUS_Imperial_Order_of_Saint_George_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/RUS_Imperial_Order_of_Saint_George_ribbon.svg/120px-RUS_Imperial_Order_of_Saint_George_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="144" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 4px"> <div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Croce_della_battaglia_di_Ochakovo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Croce della battaglia di Ochakovo (la pagina non esiste)">Croce della battaglia di Ochakovo</a></div> <div></div> </div> </div> <div style="display: flex; gap: 4px; padding: 3px"> <div style="width:60px"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RUS_Imperial_Order_of_Saint_George_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Croce per la vittoria di Eylau - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria"><img alt="Croce per la vittoria di Eylau - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/RUS_Imperial_Order_of_Saint_George_ribbon.svg/60px-RUS_Imperial_Order_of_Saint_George_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/RUS_Imperial_Order_of_Saint_George_ribbon.svg/90px-RUS_Imperial_Order_of_Saint_George_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/RUS_Imperial_Order_of_Saint_George_ribbon.svg/120px-RUS_Imperial_Order_of_Saint_George_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="144" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 4px"> <div><a href="/wiki/Croce_per_la_vittoria_di_Eylau" class="mw-redirect" title="Croce per la vittoria di Eylau">Croce per la vittoria di Eylau</a></div> <div></div> </div> </div> <div style="display: flex; gap: 4px; padding: 3px"> <div style="width:60px"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RUS_Imperial_Andrew-George_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Medaglia per la cattura di Parigi - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria"><img alt="Medaglia per la cattura di Parigi - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/RUS_Imperial_Andrew-George_ribbon.svg/60px-RUS_Imperial_Andrew-George_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/RUS_Imperial_Andrew-George_ribbon.svg/90px-RUS_Imperial_Andrew-George_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/RUS_Imperial_Andrew-George_ribbon.svg/120px-RUS_Imperial_Andrew-George_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="144" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 4px"> <div><a href="/wiki/Medaglia_per_la_cattura_di_Parigi" title="Medaglia per la cattura di Parigi">Medaglia per la cattura di Parigi</a></div> <div></div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Onorificenze_straniere">Onorificenze straniere</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Andreas_Barclay_de_Tolly&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Onorificenze straniere" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Andreas_Barclay_de_Tolly&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Onorificenze straniere"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="display: flex; gap: 4px; padding: 3px"> <div style="width:60px"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ord.Aquilanera.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Cavaliere dell&#39;Ordine dell&#39;Aquila Nera (Regno di Prussia) - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria"><img alt="Cavaliere dell&#39;Ordine dell&#39;Aquila Nera (Regno di Prussia) - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Ord.Aquilanera.png/60px-Ord.Aquilanera.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Ord.Aquilanera.png/90px-Ord.Aquilanera.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/Ord.Aquilanera.png 2x" data-file-width="118" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 4px"> <div><a href="/wiki/Ordine_dell%27Aquila_nera" title="Ordine dell&#39;Aquila nera">Cavaliere dell'Ordine dell'Aquila Nera (Regno di Prussia)</a></div> <div></div> </div> </div> <div style="display: flex; gap: 4px; padding: 3px"> <div style="width:60px"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cavaliere di Gran Croce dell&#39;Ordine del Bagno (Regno Unito) - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria"><img alt="Cavaliere di Gran Croce dell&#39;Ordine del Bagno (Regno Unito) - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg/60px-Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg/90px-Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg/120px-Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 4px"> <div><a href="/wiki/Ordine_del_Bagno" title="Ordine del Bagno">Cavaliere di Gran Croce dell'Ordine del Bagno (Regno Unito)</a></div> <div></div> </div> </div> <div style="display: flex; gap: 4px; padding: 3px"> <div style="width:60px"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Legion_Honneur_GC_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cavaliere di Gran Croce della Legion d&#39;Onore (Regno di Francia) - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria"><img alt="Cavaliere di Gran Croce della Legion d&#39;Onore (Regno di Francia) - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Legion_Honneur_GC_ribbon.svg/60px-Legion_Honneur_GC_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Legion_Honneur_GC_ribbon.svg/90px-Legion_Honneur_GC_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Legion_Honneur_GC_ribbon.svg/120px-Legion_Honneur_GC_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 4px"> <div><a href="/wiki/Legion_d%27onore" title="Legion d&#39;onore">Cavaliere di Gran Croce della Legion d'Onore (Regno di Francia)</a></div> <div></div> </div> </div> <div style="display: flex; gap: 4px; padding: 3px"> <div style="width:60px"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ord.Aquilarossa-GC.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Cavaliere di I Classe dell&#39;Ordine dell&#39;Aquila Rossa (Regno di Prussia) - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria"><img alt="Cavaliere di I Classe dell&#39;Ordine dell&#39;Aquila Rossa (Regno di Prussia) - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Ord.Aquilarossa-GC.png/60px-Ord.Aquilarossa-GC.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Ord.Aquilarossa-GC.png/90px-Ord.Aquilarossa-GC.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Ord.Aquilarossa-GC.png/120px-Ord.Aquilarossa-GC.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 4px"> <div><a href="/wiki/Ordine_dell%27Aquila_rossa" title="Ordine dell&#39;Aquila rossa">Cavaliere di I Classe dell'Ordine dell'Aquila Rossa (Regno di Prussia)</a></div> <div></div> </div> </div> <div style="display: flex; gap: 4px; padding: 3px"> <div style="width:60px"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NLD_Military_Order_of_William_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Cavaliere di Gran Croce dell&#39;Ordine Militare di Guglielmo (Regno dei Paesi Bassi) - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria"><img alt="Cavaliere di Gran Croce dell&#39;Ordine Militare di Guglielmo (Regno dei Paesi Bassi) - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/NLD_Military_Order_of_William_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png/60px-NLD_Military_Order_of_William_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/NLD_Military_Order_of_William_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png/90px-NLD_Military_Order_of_William_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/NLD_Military_Order_of_William_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png/120px-NLD_Military_Order_of_William_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 4px"> <div><a href="/wiki/Ordine_Militare_di_Guglielmo" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordine Militare di Guglielmo">Cavaliere di Gran Croce dell'Ordine Militare di Guglielmo (Regno dei Paesi Bassi)</a></div> <div></div> </div> </div> <div style="display: flex; gap: 4px; padding: 3px"> <div style="width:60px"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ord.St.Henry.PNG" class="mw-file-description" title="Cavaliere di Gran Croce dell&#39;Ordine Militare di Sant&#39;Enrico (Regno di Sassonia) - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria"><img alt="Cavaliere di Gran Croce dell&#39;Ordine Militare di Sant&#39;Enrico (Regno di Sassonia) - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Ord.St.Henry.PNG/60px-Ord.St.Henry.PNG" decoding="async" width="60" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Ord.St.Henry.PNG/90px-Ord.St.Henry.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Ord.St.Henry.PNG/120px-Ord.St.Henry.PNG 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="93" /></a></span></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 4px"> <div><a href="/wiki/Ordine_militare_di_Sant%27Enrico" title="Ordine militare di Sant&#39;Enrico">Cavaliere di Gran Croce dell'Ordine Militare di Sant'Enrico (Regno di Sassonia)</a></div> <div></div> </div> </div> <div style="display: flex; gap: 4px; padding: 3px"> <div style="width:60px"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ordre_Royal_et_Militaire_de_Saint-Louis_Chevalier_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cavaliere di Gran Croce dell&#39;Ordine di San Luigi (Regno di Francia) - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria"><img alt="Cavaliere di Gran Croce dell&#39;Ordine di San Luigi (Regno di Francia) - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Ordre_Royal_et_Militaire_de_Saint-Louis_Chevalier_ribbon.svg/60px-Ordre_Royal_et_Militaire_de_Saint-Louis_Chevalier_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Ordre_Royal_et_Militaire_de_Saint-Louis_Chevalier_ribbon.svg/90px-Ordre_Royal_et_Militaire_de_Saint-Louis_Chevalier_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Ordre_Royal_et_Militaire_de_Saint-Louis_Chevalier_ribbon.svg/120px-Ordre_Royal_et_Militaire_de_Saint-Louis_Chevalier_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 4px"> <div><a href="/wiki/Ordine_di_San_Luigi" title="Ordine di San Luigi">Cavaliere di Gran Croce dell'Ordine di San Luigi (Regno di Francia)</a></div> <div></div> </div> </div> <div style="display: flex; gap: 4px; padding: 3px"> <div style="width:60px"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SWE_Royal_Order_of_the_Sword_-_Commander_Grand_Cross_BAR.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Commendatore di Gran Croce dell&#39;Ordine della Spada (Regno di Svezia) - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria"><img alt="Commendatore di Gran Croce dell&#39;Ordine della Spada (Regno di Svezia) - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/SWE_Royal_Order_of_the_Sword_-_Commander_Grand_Cross_BAR.png/60px-SWE_Royal_Order_of_the_Sword_-_Commander_Grand_Cross_BAR.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/SWE_Royal_Order_of_the_Sword_-_Commander_Grand_Cross_BAR.png/90px-SWE_Royal_Order_of_the_Sword_-_Commander_Grand_Cross_BAR.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/SWE_Royal_Order_of_the_Sword_-_Commander_Grand_Cross_BAR.png/120px-SWE_Royal_Order_of_the_Sword_-_Commander_Grand_Cross_BAR.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 4px"> <div><a href="/wiki/Ordine_della_Spada" title="Ordine della Spada">Commendatore di Gran Croce dell'Ordine della Spada (Regno di Svezia)</a></div> <div></div> </div> </div> <div style="display: flex; gap: 4px; padding: 3px"> <div style="width:60px"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ord.MariaTeresa-COM.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Commendatore dell&#39;Ordine Militare di Maria Teresa (Impero austriaco) - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria"><img alt="Commendatore dell&#39;Ordine Militare di Maria Teresa (Impero austriaco) - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Ord.MariaTeresa-COM.png/60px-Ord.MariaTeresa-COM.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Ord.MariaTeresa-COM.png/90px-Ord.MariaTeresa-COM.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Ord.MariaTeresa-COM.png/120px-Ord.MariaTeresa-COM.png 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="93" /></a></span></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 4px"> <div><a href="/wiki/Ordine_Militare_di_Maria_Teresa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordine Militare di Maria Teresa">Commendatore dell'Ordine Militare di Maria Teresa (Impero austriaco)</a></div> <div></div> </div> </div> <div style="display: flex; gap: 4px; padding: 3px"> <div style="width:60px"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Carica_un_file" title="immagine del nastrino non ancora presente"><img alt="immagine del nastrino non ancora presente" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/NO_BAR_%28IT%29.svg/60px-NO_BAR_%28IT%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/NO_BAR_%28IT%29.svg/90px-NO_BAR_%28IT%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/NO_BAR_%28IT%29.svg/120px-NO_BAR_%28IT%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 4px"> <div>Spada d'oro al coraggio con diamanti (città di Londra)</div> <div></div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Andreas_Barclay_de_Tolly&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Andreas_Barclay_de_Tolly&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">(Царёво-Займище)</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Andreas_Barclay_de_Tolly&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Andreas_Barclay_de_Tolly&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="estone">ET</abbr></span>) Rein Helme, <span style="font-style:italic;">Kindralfeldmarssal Barclay de Tolly</span>, Tallinn, Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus, 2006, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/9985-70-202-6" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/9985-70-202-6">9985-70-202-6</a>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Michael Josselson, Josselson, Diana, <span style="font-style:italic;">The Commander: A Life of Barclay de Tolly</span>, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1980, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-19-215854-6" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-19-215854-6">0-19-215854-6</a>.</cite></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Andreas_Barclay_de_Tolly&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Andreas_Barclay_de_Tolly&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministro_della_guerra_dell%27Impero_russo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministro della guerra dell&#39;Impero russo (la pagina non esiste)">Ministro della guerra dell'Impero russo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campagna_di_Russia" title="Campagna di Russia">Campagna di Russia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Andreas_Barclay_de_Tolly&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Andreas_Barclay_de_Tolly&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Michael_Andreas_Barclay_de_Tolly?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Michael_Andreas_Barclay_de_Tolly?uselang=it">Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Andreas_Barclay_de_Tolly&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Andreas_Barclay_de_Tolly&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTreccani.it" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/barclay-de-tolly-michail-bogdanovic"><span style="font-style:italic;">Barclay de Tolly, Michail Bogdanovič</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Treccani.it – Enciclopedie on line</span>, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana" title="Istituto dell&#39;Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q157632#P3365" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mikhail-Bogdanovich-Prince-Barclay-de-Tolly"><span style="font-style:italic;">Mikhail Bogdanovich, Prince Barclay de Tolly</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q157632#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="noprint nomobile" style="width:100%; clear:both; border:1px solid #aaa; text-align:center; font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr style="background: #C0C0C0; color: black"> <th width="26%">Predecessore </th> <th width="47%"><a href="/wiki/Governatori_della_Finlandia" class="mw-redirect" title="Governatori della Finlandia">Governatore della Finlandia</a> </th> <th width="26%">Successore </th></tr><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Goran_Magnus_Sprengtporten" title="Goran Magnus Sprengtporten">Goran Magnus 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