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id="toc-Other_RNP_personalities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_RNP_personalities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Other RNP personalities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_RNP_personalities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rassemblement_national_populaire" title="Rassemblement national populaire – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rassemblement national populaire" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rassemblement_National_Populaire" title="Rassemblement National Populaire – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Rassemblement National Populaire" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rassemblement_national_populaire" title="Rassemblement national populaire – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rassemblement national populaire" data-language-autonym="Français" 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href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Political party in France</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #F0001C; border-bottom:2px solid #F0001C; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">National Popular Rally</div> <div style="font-size: 0.8em; padding-top:0.3em;" class="nickname">Rassemblement national populaire</div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="padding-top:.4em;padding-bottom:.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Rassemblement_National_Populaire.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Emblem_of_the_Rassemblement_National_Populaire.svg/250px-Emblem_of_the_Rassemblement_National_Populaire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Emblem_of_the_Rassemblement_National_Populaire.svg/330px-Emblem_of_the_Rassemblement_National_Populaire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="359" data-file-height="561" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">President</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Marcel_D%C3%A9at" title="Marcel Déat">Marcel Déat</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">General Secretary</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Albertini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georges Albertini (page does not exist)">Georges Albertini</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">1941<span style="display: none;"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1941</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Dissolved</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">1945<span style="display: none;"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1945</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Vichy" title="Vichy">Vichy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Newspaper</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><i>Le National Populaire</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/French_fascism" class="mw-redirect" title="French fascism">French fascism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany_and_Fascist_Italy" title="Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy">Collaborationism</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Jacobin_(politics)" title="Jacobin (politics)">Neo-Jacobinism</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Neosocialism" title="Neosocialism">Neosocialism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Pan-Europeanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan-Europeanism">Pan-Europeanism</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political position</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">Far-right</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Colours</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#000099; color:white;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#F0001C; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFFFFF; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Blue" title="Blue">Blue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red_(color)" class="mw-redirect" title="Red (color)">red</a>, <a href="/wiki/White" title="White">white</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Party flag</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Rassemblement_National_Populaire.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_the_Rassemblement_National_Populaire.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_Rassemblement_National_Populaire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_the_Rassemblement_National_Populaire.svg/225px-Flag_of_the_Rassemblement_National_Populaire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_the_Rassemblement_National_Populaire.svg/300px-Flag_of_the_Rassemblement_National_Populaire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-top:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #F0001C;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_France" title="Politics of France">Politics of France</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_France" title="List of political parties in France">Political parties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_France" title="Elections in France">Elections</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>National Popular Rally</b> (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Rassemblement national populaire</i>, <b>RNP</b>, 1941–1944) was a <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_France" title="List of political parties in France">French political party</a> and one of the main <a href="/wiki/Collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany_and_Fascist_Italy" title="Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy">collaborationist</a> parties under the <a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy regime</a> of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. </p><p>Created in February 1941 by former members of the <a href="/wiki/French_Section_of_the_Workers%27_International" title="French Section of the Workers' International">French Section of the Workers' International</a> (SFIO) of the <a href="/wiki/Neosocialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Neosocialist">neosocialist</a> tendency and led by <a href="/wiki/Marcel_D%C3%A9at" title="Marcel Déat">Marcel Déat</a>, the party was heavily influenced by <a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a> and saw the circumstances of the occupation as an opportunity to revolutionize France. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="February–October_1941:_the_RNP-MNR_period"><span id="February.E2.80.93October_1941:_the_RNP-MNR_period"></span>February–October 1941: the RNP-MNR period</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Popular_Rally&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: February–October 1941: the RNP-MNR period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Marcel_D%C3%A9at" title="Marcel Déat">Marcel Déat</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Neosocialism" title="Neosocialism">neosocialist</a> expelled from the SFIO in November 1933 and former Minister, first proposed to create a single state party during the 1940 summer, immediately following the proclamation of the <a href="/wiki/Vichy_regime" class="mw-redirect" title="Vichy regime">Vichy regime</a>. Briefly arrested by the <a href="/wiki/French_police" class="mw-redirect" title="French police">French police</a> on 13 December 1940, he finally created the RNP in February 1941, which became one of the primary collaborationist parties, along with <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Doriot" title="Jacques Doriot">Jacques Doriot</a>'s <a href="/wiki/French_Popular_Party" title="French Popular Party">French Popular Party</a> (PPF), <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Bucard" title="Marcel Bucard">Marcel Bucard</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Francisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Francisme">Francisme</a> and Pierre Clémenti's <a href="/wiki/French_National-Collectivist_Party" title="French National-Collectivist Party">French National-Collectivist Party</a>. </p><p>Immediately, the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">German authorities</a> imposed a fusion between Marcel Déat's RNP and the <a href="/wiki/French_far-right" class="mw-redirect" title="French far-right">far-right</a> <a href="/wiki/Social_Revolutionary_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Social Revolutionary Movement">Social Revolutionary Movement</a> (MSR) of <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Deloncle" title="Eugène Deloncle">Eugène Deloncle</a>, an inheritor of the <a href="/wiki/La_Cagoule" title="La Cagoule">Cagoule</a> terrorist group. The first committee of direction of the RNP-MSR was composed of two RNP members and three MSR members: Marcel Déat, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Fontenoy" title="Jean Fontenoy">Jean Fontenoy</a>, Jean Van Ormelingen (alias Jean Vanor), Eugène Deloncle and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Goy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Goy (page does not exist)">Jean Goy</a>. </p><p>However, the fusion between the RNP and the MSR was a failure, in part because Déat's RNP recruited mainly among former members of the <a href="/wiki/French_Left" title="French Left">French Left</a> while the MSR was from the beginning located on the far-right of the political spectrum. The MSR conserved <i>de facto</i> its autonomy inside the RNP and was mainly charged of forming the RNP's security service. After the assassination attempt of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Collette&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Collette (page does not exist)">Paul Collette</a> against <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Laval" title="Pierre Laval">Pierre Laval</a>, Marshal <a href="/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain" title="Philippe Pétain">Philippe Pétain</a>'s Prime Minister and Marcel Déat on 27 August 1941, the latter accused the MSR of having attempted to eliminate him. Thereafter, the MSR was excluded from the RNP in October 1941, leading to the reorganization of the RNP (and exclusion of elements close to the MSR) until the first months of 1942. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_RNP_without_the_MSR_(after_October_1941)"><span id="The_RNP_without_the_MSR_.28after_October_1941.29"></span>The RNP without the MSR (after October 1941)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Popular_Rally&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: The RNP without the MSR (after October 1941)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ideology of the RNP was clearly of a <a href="/wiki/Fascist" class="mw-redirect" title="Fascist">fascist</a> nature, advocating <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">antisemitic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Racist" class="mw-redirect" title="Racist">racist</a> policies and sharing a strong admiration for <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>. Despite this, it differed from <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Doriot" title="Jacques Doriot">Jacques Doriot</a>'s <a href="/wiki/French_Popular_Party" title="French Popular Party">French Popular Party</a> (PPF) in that it maintained the principle of <a href="/wiki/Universal_suffrage" title="Universal suffrage">universal suffrage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Public_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Public education">public education</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anti-clericalism" title="Anti-clericalism">anti-clericalism</a> or the conservation of sculptures of <a href="/wiki/Marianne" title="Marianne">Marianne</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">republican</a> symbol, in the townhalls.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those ideas created constant conflicts between the RNP and more <a href="/wiki/Reactionary" title="Reactionary">reactionary</a> elements of Vichy who also supported the <i><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9volution_nationale" title="Révolution nationale">Révolution nationale</a></i> ("National Revolution") and had been trained in the <i><a href="/wiki/Action_fran%C3%A7aise" class="mw-redirect" title="Action française">Action française</a></i> monarchist movement. </p><p>On a tactic level, the RNP supported Pierre Laval and criticized the "Vichy reactionaries" and the PPF. Marcel Déat maintained close links with the German ambassador in Paris, <a href="/wiki/Otto_Abetz" title="Otto Abetz">Otto Abetz</a>, whilst Doriot turned himself towards the <a href="/wiki/SS" class="mw-redirect" title="SS">SS</a>. After Laval's return to government in April 1942 and the Nazi occupation of the Southern Zone in November 1942, Déat focused all his efforts on creating a single party of the Collaboration which would permit him to impose himself as its sole leader. In November 1942, the leaders of the RNP, Déat and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Albertini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georges Albertini (page does not exist)">Georges Albertini</a>, met with MSR leaders such as <a href="/wiki/Georges_Soul%C3%A8s" class="mw-redirect" title="Georges Soulès">Georges Soulès</a>. Following this meeting, the RNP created the National Revolutionary Front (<i>Front révolutionnaire national</i>, FRN) which gathered the main collaborationist parties, apart from Doriot's PPF. The FRN thus included the RNP-Labour Social Front, the MSR, the Parti franciste, the <i><a href="/wiki/Groupe_Collaboration" title="Groupe Collaboration">Groupe Collaboration</a></i>, the <i>Jeunes de l'Europe nouvelle</i> and the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comit%C3%A9_d%E2%80%99action_antibolch%C3%A9vique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comité d’action antibolchévique (page does not exist)">Comité d’action antibolchévique</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comit%C3%A9_d%E2%80%99action_antibolch%C3%A9vique" class="extiw" title="fr:Comité d’action antibolchévique">fr</a>]</span></i> (<i>Anti-Bolshevik Action Committee</i>). Déat furthermore managed to gain to his side the secretary of the PPF, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Fossati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Fossati (page does not exist)">Jean Fossati</a>, and named to the head of the FRN <a href="/wiki/Henri_Barb%C3%A9" title="Henri Barbé">Henri Barbé</a>, issued from the PPF. However, the FRN finally was a failure. </p><p>In March 1944, Déat was named Minister of Labour and of National Solidarity and took as assistants the RNP leaders (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Albertini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georges Albertini (page does not exist)">Georges Albertini</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Dumoulin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georges Dumoulin (page does not exist)">Georges Dumoulin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludovic_Zoretti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ludovic Zoretti (page does not exist)">Ludovic Zoretti</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabriel_Lafaye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gabriel Lafaye (page does not exist)">Gabriel Lafaye</a>) From then on, he focused more on his ministry tasks than on the organization of the RNP. </p><p>On 17 August 1944, Déat took refuge in Nazi Germany almost alone. In charge of the youth organisation of the RNP, <a href="/wiki/Roland_Gaucher" title="Roland Gaucher">Roland Gaucher</a> would also accompany Pétain into exile in the <a href="/wiki/Sigmaringen_enclave" title="Sigmaringen enclave">Sigmaringen enclave</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organisation_of_the_RNP_following_October_1941">Organisation of the RNP following October 1941</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Popular_Rally&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Organisation of the RNP following October 1941"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The RNP had at maximum 30,000 members.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the historian <a href="/wiki/Robert_Soucy" title="Robert Soucy">Robert Soucy</a>, it had only 2,638 party members, of whom only 12.8 percent were industrial workers.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Its mouthpiece, directed by <a href="/wiki/Roland_Gaucher" title="Roland Gaucher">Roland Gaucher</a>, was <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_National_Populaire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Le National Populaire (page does not exist)">Le National Populaire</a></i>, but the party was also supported by Déat's daily, <i><a href="/wiki/L%27%C5%92uvre" title="L'Œuvre">L'Œuvre</a></i>. </p><p>The youth organisation (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeunesses_nationales_populaires&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeunesses nationales populaires (page does not exist)">Jeunesses nationales populaires</a></i>, JNP) was headed by <a href="/wiki/Roland_Silly" title="Roland Silly">Roland Silly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roland_Gaucher" title="Roland Gaucher">Roland Gaucher</a> (future co-founder of the <a href="/wiki/National_Front_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Front (France)">National Front</a> in 1972) and eight other personalities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Primary_members_of_the_RNP_(after_October_1941)"><span id="Primary_members_of_the_RNP_.28after_October_1941.29"></span>Primary members of the RNP (after October 1941)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Popular_Rally&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Primary members of the RNP (after October 1941)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rassemblement_national_populaire_1941.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Rassemblement_national_populaire_1941.jpg/220px-Rassemblement_national_populaire_1941.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Rassemblement_national_populaire_1941.jpg/330px-Rassemblement_national_populaire_1941.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Rassemblement_national_populaire_1941.jpg/440px-Rassemblement_national_populaire_1941.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1771" data-file-height="1518" /></a><figcaption>RNP members: <a href="/wiki/Jean_Fontenoy" title="Jean Fontenoy">Jean Fontenoy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Deloncle" title="Eugène Deloncle">Eugène Deloncle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marcel_D%C3%A9at" title="Marcel Déat">Marcel Déat</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Goy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Goy (page does not exist)">Jean Goy</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Van_Ormelingen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Van Ormelingen (page does not exist)">Jean Van Ormelingen</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The RNP was directed by a permanent commission of 15 members. According to a February 1943 list, these included: </p> <ul><li>Président: <a href="/wiki/Marcel_D%C3%A9at" title="Marcel Déat">Marcel Déat</a></li> <li>General secretary: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Albertini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georges Albertini (page does not exist)">Georges Albertini</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (former secretary of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeunesses_socialistes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeunesses socialistes (page does not exist)">Jeunesses socialistes</a>, future creator of the <i><a href="/wiki/Est-Ouest" class="mw-redirect" title="Est-Ouest">Est-Ouest</a></i> magazine)</li> <li>Vice president (from January 1943): <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Levillain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maurice Levillain (page does not exist)">Maurice Levillain</a> (neosocialist)</li> <li>Vice président (from January 1943): <a href="/wiki/Michel_Brille" title="Michel Brille">Michel Brille</a> (former deputy of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republican_Alliance" title="Democratic Republican Alliance">Democratic Alliance</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Barb%C3%A9" title="Henri Barbé">Henri Barbé</a> (former member of the <a href="/wiki/French_Communist_Party" title="French Communist Party">French Communist Party</a>'s political bureau, excluded in 1934 and general secretary of the PPF from 1936 to 1939)</li> <li>René Benedetti (neosocialist)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Desphilippon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis Desphilippon (page does not exist)">Francis Desphilippon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Dumoulin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georges Dumoulin (page does not exist)">Georges Dumoulin</a></li> <li>Emile Favier (neosocialist)</li> <li>Jacques Guionnet</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabriel_Lafaye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gabriel Lafaye (page does not exist)">Gabriel Lafaye</a> (neosocialist, state secretary in <a href="/wiki/Camille_Chautemps" title="Camille Chautemps">Camille Chautemps</a>'s government in 1938)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barth%C3%A9l%C3%A9my_Montagnon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barthélémy Montagnon (page does not exist)">Barthélémy Montagnon</a> (former SFIO deputy, expelled in 1933, then neosocialist)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Rivollet" title="Georges Rivollet">Georges Rivollet</a> (former Minister of War Veterans in right-wing governments of 1934–1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roland_Silly" title="Roland Silly">Roland Silly</a> (former member of the SFIO)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludovic_Zoretti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ludovic Zoretti (page does not exist)">Ludovic Zoretti</a> (trade unionist)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Expelled_personalities">Expelled personalities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Popular_Rally&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Expelled personalities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Goy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Goy (page does not exist)">Jean Goy</a> (conservative) and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Spinasse" title="Charles Spinasse">Charles Spinasse</a> (Minister of the <a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_(France)" title="Popular Front (France)">Popular Front</a>), both expelled in 1942 on charges of being too moderate</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Ch%C3%A2teau" title="René Château">René Château</a> (<a href="/wiki/Radical-Socialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Radical-Socialist">Radical-Socialist</a>) expelled in 1943</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_RNP_personalities">Other RNP personalities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Popular_Rally&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Other RNP personalities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Brigneau" title="François Brigneau">François Brigneau</a> (future co-founder of the <a href="/wiki/National_Front_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Front (France)">National Front</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_C%C3%A9lor" title="Pierre Célor">Pierre Célor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roland_Gaucher" title="Roland Gaucher">Roland Gaucher</a> (1919–2007), in charge of the RNP's youth organisation<sup id="cite_ref-Monde_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Monde-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and of the RNP Parisian section from May to November 1943<sup id="cite_ref-Reflex_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reflex-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as future founder of the National Front in 1972</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Grisoni" title="André Grisoni">André Grisoni</a></li> <li>Fernand Hamard</li> <li>Henri Jacob</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Perrin" title="Paul Perrin">Paul Perrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Vigne_(trade_unionist)" title="Pierre Vigne (trade unionist)">Pierre Vigne</a>, trade union leader</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Popular_Rally&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Popular_Party" title="French Popular Party">French Popular Party</a> – associated with former <a href="/wiki/French_Communist_Party" title="French Communist Party">French Communist Party</a> members</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Popular_Rally&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Les Collaborateurs</i>. <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_du_Seuil" title="Éditions du Seuil">Le Seuil</a>. 1976. p. 331.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+Collaborateurs&rft.pages=331&rft.pub=Le+Seuil&rft.date=1976&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Popular+Rally" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDominique_Venner2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Venner" title="Dominique Venner">Dominique Venner</a> (2007). <i>Histoire de la Collaboration</i>. Pygmalion. p. 578.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+de+la+Collaboration&rft.pages=578&rft.pub=Pygmalion&rft.date=2007&rft.au=Dominique+Venner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Popular+Rally" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pascal Ory. <i>Les collaborateurs</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Le Marec-Lambert.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Carroll, Jaap Querido and Robert J. Soucy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/1451">"'France's Hollow Years': An Exchange"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Review_of_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Review of Books">New York Review of Books</a></i>. Volume 43. Number 13. 8 August 1996 <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110720212316/http://www2.cndp.fr/memoire/liberation_territoire/college/proces_rnp.htm">"Archived copy"</a>. <i>www2.cndp.fr</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.cndp.fr/memoire/liberation_territoire/college/proces_rnp.htm">the original</a> on 20 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www2.cndp.fr&rft.atitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.cndp.fr%2Fmemoire%2Fliberation_territoire%2Fcollege%2Fproces_rnp.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Popular+Rally" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Nonna_Mayer" title="Nonna Mayer">Nonna Mayer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mariette_Sineau" title="Mariette Sineau">Mariette Sineau</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elections2002.sciences-po.fr/Enjeux/pdf/FN%20-%20VD%202001.pdf">"France:The Front National"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190712110552/http://www.elections2002.sciences-po.fr/Enjeux/pdf/FN%20-%20VD%202001.pdf">Archived</a> 2019-07-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> in Helga Amsberger. <i>Rechtsextreme Parteien</i>. Leverkusen. Leske & Budrich, 2002. <a href="/wiki/Sciences-Po" class="mw-redirect" title="Sciences-Po">Sciences-Po</a> (p. 4) <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Monde-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Monde_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lemonde.fr/web/article/0,1-0@2-3382,36-940991@51-941064,0.html">"Roland Gaucher (obituary)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Monde" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a></i>. 1 August 2007 <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reflex-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Reflex_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://reflexes.samizdat.net/spip.php?article317">"Ils" avaient un Kamarade !"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071103135509/http://reflexes.samizdat.net/spip.php?article317">Archived</a> 3 November 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=REFLEXes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="REFLEXes (page does not exist)">REFLEXes</a></i>. 11 August 2007 <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Popular_Rally&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Pierre-Philippe Lambert and Le Marec. <i>Organisation Mouvements et unités de l'État français Vichy 1940–1944</i>. Paris. Éditions Grancher. 1992.</li> <li>Pascal Ory. <i>Les Collaborateurs 1940–1945</i>. Paris: Le Seuil. 1976.</li> <li>Reinhold Brender. <i>Marcel Déat und das Rassemblement National Populaire</i>, Edition Oldenbourg. Munich. 1992.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Popular_Rally&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ina.fr/archivespourtous/index.php?full=rnp&genre=&chaine=&mode_document=&datedif_jour1=&datedif_mois1=&datedif_annee1=&action=ft">Documentary films</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_l%27audiovisuel" title="Institut national de l'audiovisuel">Institut national de l'audiovisuel</a>'s website</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Far-right_politics_in_France237" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:French_far_right" title="Template:French far right"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:French_far_right" title="Template talk:French far right"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:French_far_right" title="Special:EditPage/Template:French far right"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Far-right_politics_in_France237" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_far-right_movements_in_France" title="History of far-right movements in France">Far-right politics in France</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Precursors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Bonald" title="Louis de Bonald">Bonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Ernest_Boulanger" title="Georges Ernest Boulanger">Boulanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_de_Gobineau" title="Arthur de Gobineau">de Gobineau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_de_Maistre" title="Joseph de Maistre">de Maistre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Drumont" title="Édouard Drumont">Drumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Vacher_de_Lapouge" title="Georges Vacher de Lapouge">de Lapouge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-1945 groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Action_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Action Française">Action Française</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitic_League_of_France" title="Antisemitic League of France">Antisemitic League of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breton_National_Party" title="Breton National Party">Breton National Party</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Camelots_du_Roi" title="Camelots du Roi">Camelots du Roi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Croix-de-Feu" title="Croix-de-Feu">Croix-de-Feu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Faisceau" class="mw-redirect" title="Faisceau">Faisceau</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_National-Collectivist_Party" title="French National-Collectivist Party">French National-Collectivist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Popular_Party" title="French Popular Party">French Popular Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenshirts_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenshirts (France)">Greenshirts</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jeunesses_Patriotes" title="Jeunesses Patriotes">Jeunesses Patriotes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Cagoule" title="La Cagoule">La Cagoule</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ligue_des_Patriotes" title="Ligue des Patriotes">Ligue des Patriotes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Milice" title="Milice">Milice</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mouvement_Franciste" title="Mouvement Franciste">Mouvement Franciste</a></i></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">National Popular Rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Social_Movement" title="Revolutionary Social Movement">Revolutionary Social Movement</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Service_d%27ordre_l%C3%A9gionnaire" title="Service d'ordre légionnaire">Service d'ordre légionnaire</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Solidarit%C3%A9_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Solidarité Française">Solidarité Française</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-1945 people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Barr%C3%A8s" title="Maurice Barrès">Barrès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Bainville" title="Jacques Bainville">Bainville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Benoist-M%C3%A9chin" title="Jacques Benoist-Méchin">Benoist-Méchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abel_Bonnard" title="Abel Bonnard">Bonnard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Brasillach" title="Robert Brasillach">Brasillach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Bucard" title="Marcel Bucard">Bucard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Cl%C3%A9menti_(politician)" title="Pierre Clémenti (politician)">Clémenti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Coston" title="Henry Coston">Coston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Darnand" title="Joseph Darnand">Darnard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Daudet" title="Léon Daudet">Daudet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_D%C3%A9at" title="Marcel Déat">Déat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Deloncle" title="Eugène Deloncle">Deloncle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_D%C3%A9roul%C3%A8de" title="Paul Déroulède">Déroulède</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Dorg%C3%A8res" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Dorgères">Dorgères</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Doriot" title="Jacques Doriot">Doriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Drieu_La_Rochelle" title="Pierre Drieu La Rochelle">Drieu La Rochelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Laval" title="Pierre Laval">Laval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thierry_Maulnier" title="Thierry Maulnier">Maulnier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurras" title="Charles Maurras">Maurras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Maxence" title="Jean-Pierre Maxence">Maxence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand%27s_relationship_with_the_far_right" class="mw-redirect" title="François Mitterrand's relationship with the far right">Mitterrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Ousset" title="Jean Ousset">Ousset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain" title="Philippe Pétain">Pétain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marius_Plateau" title="Marius Plateau">Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Pujo" title="Maurice Pujo">Pujo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Rebatet" title="Lucien Rebatet">Rebatet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xavier_Vallat" title="Xavier Vallat">Vallat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Vaugeois" title="Henri Vaugeois">Vaugeois</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct<br />post-1945 groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_Fran%C3%A7aise_(post_war)" class="mw-redirect" title="Action Française (post war)">Action Française (post war)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Martel_Group" title="Charles Martel Group">Charles Martel Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe-Action" title="Europe-Action">Europe-Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Rally_for_Liberty" title="European Rally for Liberty">European Rally for Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_d%27action_nationale_et_europ%C3%A9enne" title="Fédération d'action nationale et européenne">Fédération d'action nationale et européenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Nationalist_Students" title="Federation of Nationalist Students">Federation of Nationalist Students</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_and_European_Nationalist_Party" title="French and European Nationalist Party">French and European Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front_Alg%C3%A9rie_Fran%C3%A7aise" class="mw-redirect" title="Front Algérie Française">Front Algérie Française</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groupe_Union_D%C3%A9fense" title="Groupe Union Défense">Groupe Union Défense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeune_Nation" title="Jeune Nation">Jeune Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27%C5%92uvre_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="L'Œuvre Française">L'Œuvre Française</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_R%C3%A9sistance" title="Nouvelle Résistance">Nouvelle Résistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occident_(movement)" title="Occident (movement)">Occident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Unity_and_Independent_Republicans" class="mw-redirect" title="National Unity and Independent Republicans">UNIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comit%C3%A9s_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Comités TV">Comités TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordre_Nouveau_(1960s)" title="Ordre Nouveau (1960s)">Ordre Nouveau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_Arm%C3%A9e_Secr%C3%A8te" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisation Armée Secrète">Organisation Armée Secrète</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_New_Forces" title="Party of New Forces">Party of New Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phalange_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Phalange Française">Phalange Française</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Network" title="Radical Network">Radical Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rassemblement_National_Fran%C3%A7ais" title="Rassemblement National Français">Rassemblement National Français</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Nationalist_Groups" title="Revolutionary Nationalist Groups">Revolutionary Nationalist Groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troisi%C3%A8me_Voie" class="mw-redirect" title="Troisième Voie">Troisième Voie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unit%C3%A9_Radicale" title="Unité Radicale">Unité Radicale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Action Française">Action Française</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adsav" title="Adsav">Adsav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AGRIF" title="AGRIF">AGRIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alsace_First" title="Alsace First">Alsace First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_for_the_Defence_of_the_Memory_of_Marshal_P%C3%A9tain" title="Association for the Defence of the Memory of Marshal Pétain">Association for the Defence of the Memory of Marshal Pétain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cit%C3%A9_catholique" title="Cité catholique">Cité catholique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civitas_(movement)" title="Civitas (movement)">Civitas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrefour_de_l%27Horloge" title="Carrefour de l'Horloge">Carrefour de l'Horloge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debout_la_France" title="Debout la France">Debout la France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equality_and_Reconciliation" title="Equality and Reconciliation">Equality and Reconciliation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe-Jeunesse" title="Europe-Jeunesse">Europe-Jeunesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Nationalists_(France)" title="The Nationalists (France)">The Nationalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Renewal" title="French Renewal">French Renewal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generation_Identity" class="mw-redirect" title="Generation Identity">Generation Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRECE" title="GRECE">GRECE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_the_South_(France)" title="League of the South (France)">League of the South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_European_Resistance" title="National Council of European Resistance">National Council of European Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Republican_Movement" title="National Republican Movement">National Republican Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_France" title="Party of France">Party of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rassemblement_National" class="mw-redirect" title="Rassemblement National">Rassemblement National</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconqu%C3%AAte" title="Reconquête">Reconquête</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereignty,_Identity_and_Freedoms" title="Sovereignty, Identity and Freedoms">Sovereignty, Identity and Freedoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terre_et_Peuple" title="Terre et Peuple">Terre et Peuple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Patriots_(France)" title="The Patriots (France)">The Patriots</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-1945 people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Aliot" title="Louis Aliot">Aliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Antony" title="Bernard Antony">Antony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serge_Ayoub" title="Serge Ayoub">Ayoub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Bard%C3%A8che" title="Maurice Bardèche">Bardèche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Bardella" title="Jordan Bardella">Bardella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Bay" title="Nicolas Bay">Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yvan_Benedetti" title="Yvan Benedetti">Benedetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Binet_(neo-Fascist)" title="René Binet (neo-Fascist)">Binet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Bompard" title="Jacques Bompard">Bompard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Bouchet" title="Christian Bouchet">Bouchet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bousquet" title="Pierre Bousquet">Bousquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yvan_Blot" title="Yvan Blot">Blot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Brigneau" title="François Brigneau">Brigneau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steeve_Briois" title="Steeve Briois">Briois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaud_Camus" title="Renaud Camus">Camus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Coston" title="Henry Coston">Coston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_de_Benoist" title="Alain de Benoist">de Benoist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_de_Lesquen" title="Henry de Lesquen">de Lesquen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Dior" title="Françoise Dior">Dior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Duprat" title="François Duprat">Duprat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Faye" title="Guillaume Faye">Faye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Fredriksen" title="Mark Fredriksen">Fredriksen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Gollnisch" title="Bruno Gollnisch">Gollnisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Holeindre" title="Roger Holeindre">Holeindre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Jalkh" title="Jean-François Jalkh">Jalkh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Lang" title="Carl Lang">Lang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Yves_Le_Gallou" title="Jean-Yves Le Gallou">Le Gallou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Le_Pen" title="Jean-Marie Le Pen">Le Pen (Jean-Marie)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen">Le Pen (Marine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Luca" title="Charles Luca">Luce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Mabire" title="Jean Mabire">Maribe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Gilles_Malliarakis" title="Jean-Gilles Malliarakis">Malliarakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_Mar%C3%A9chal" title="Marion Maréchal">Maréchal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_M%C3%A9gret" title="Bruno Mégret">Mégret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_M%C3%A9nard" title="Robert Ménard">Ménard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Messiha" title="Jean Messiha">Messiha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florian_Philippot" title="Florian Philippot">Philippot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_de_Poncins" title="Léon de Poncins">de Poncins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Pujo" title="Pierre Pujo">Pujo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Rachline" title="David Rachline">Rachline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Ravier" title="Stéphane Ravier">Ravier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Reynouard" title="Vincent Reynouard">Reynouard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Loup_(writer)" title="Saint-Loup (writer)">Saint-Loup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Sidos" title="Pierre Sidos">Sidos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Soral" title="Alain Soral">Soral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Stirbois" title="Jean-Pierre Stirbois">Stirbois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Susini" title="Jean-Jacques Susini">Susini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Tixier-Vignancour" title="Jean-Louis Tixier-Vignancour">Tixier-Vignancour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Venner" title="Dominique Venner">Venner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Vial" title="Pierre Vial">Vial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Zemmour" title="Éric Zemmour">Zemmour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ideologies and movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Boulangisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Boulangisme">Boulangisme</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maurrassisme" title="Maurrassisme">Maurrassisme</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_Droite" title="Nouvelle Droite">Nouvelle Droite</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Pétainism</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9volution_nationale" title="Révolution nationale">Révolution nationale</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active publications and media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulevard_Voltaire_(website)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boulevard Voltaire (website) (page does not exist)">Boulevard Voltaire</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%89l%C3%A9ments" title="Éléments">Éléments</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Minute_(newspaper)" title="Minute (newspaper)">Minute</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/National-Hebdo" title="National-Hebdo">National-Hebdo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_%C3%89cole" title="Nouvelle École">Nouvelle École</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sent" title="Présent">Présent</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Courtoisie" title="Radio Courtoisie">Radio Courtoisie</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rivarol_(magazine)" title="Rivarol (magazine)">Rivarol</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV-Libert%C3%A9s" class="mw-redirect" title="TV-Libertés">TV-Libertés</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dreyfus_affair" title="Dreyfus affair">Dreyfus affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Prussian_War" title="Franco-Prussian War">Franco-Prussian War</a> (<a href="/wiki/Revanchism" title="Revanchism">Revanchism</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/6_February_1934_crisis" title="6 February 1934 crisis">6 February 1934 crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_War" title="Algerian War">Algerian War</a> (<a href="/wiki/Algiers_putsch_of_1961" title="Algiers putsch of 1961">Algiers putsch of 1961</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="French_Section_of_the_Workers&#039;_International332" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:red; color:black;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:SFIO" title="Template:SFIO"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:SFIO" title="Template talk:SFIO"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:black">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:SFIO" title="Special:EditPage/Template:SFIO"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="French_Section_of_the_Workers&#039;_International332" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/French_Section_of_the_Workers%27_International" title="French Section of the Workers' International"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:black">French Section of the Workers' International</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red; color:black;;width:1%"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:black">General Secretary</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Dubreuilh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Dubreuilh (page does not exist)">Louis Dubreuilh</a> (1905−1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludovic-Oscar_Frossard" title="Ludovic-Oscar Frossard">Ludovic-Oscar Frossard</a> (1918−1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Faure_(politician)" title="Paul Faure (politician)">Paul Faure</a> (1920−1940)</li> <li><i>Vacant</i> (1940−1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Mayer" title="Daniel Mayer">Daniel Mayer</a> (1943−1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Mollet" title="Guy Mollet">Guy Mollet</a> (1946−1969)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red; color:black;;width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Commune" title="Paris Commune">Paris Commune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Socialist_Party_(1902)" title="French Socialist Party (1902)">French Socialist Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/Federation_of_the_Socialist_Workers_of_France" title="Federation of the Socialist Workers of France">Federation of the Socialist Workers of France</a> and <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Socialist_Workers%27_Party_(France)" title="Revolutionary Socialist Workers' Party (France)">Revolutionary Socialist Workers' Party</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_France_(1902)" title="Socialist Party of France (1902)">Socialist Party of France</a> (<a href="/wiki/French_Workers%27_Party" title="French Workers' Party">French Workers' Party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Revolutionary_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Revolutionary Party (France)">Socialist Revolutionary Party</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globe_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Globe Congress">Globe Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_International" title="Second International">Second International</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L%27Humanit%C3%A9" title="L'Humanité">L'Humanité</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Populaire_(French_newspaper)" title="Le Populaire (French newspaper)">Le Populaire</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tours_Congress" title="Tours Congress">Tours Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Turn" title="French Turn">French Turn</a> (<a href="/wiki/Trotskyism" title="Trotskyism">Trotskyism</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matignon_Agreements_(1936)" title="Matignon Agreements (1936)">Matignon Agreements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Vichy_80" class="mw-redirect" title="The Vichy 80">The Vichy 80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Resistance" title="French Resistance">French Resistance</a> (<a href="/wiki/Brutus_Network" title="Brutus Network">Brutus Network</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Resistance" class="mw-redirect" title="National Council of Resistance">National Council of Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Issy-les-Moulineaux_Congress" title="Issy-les-Moulineaux Congress">Issy-les-Moulineaux Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_socialism" title="Revolutionary socialism">Revolutionary socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanquism" title="Blanquism">Blanquism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Possibilism_(politics)" title="Possibilism (politics)">Possibilism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialism" title="Democratic socialism">Democratic socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neosocialism" title="Neosocialism">Neosocialism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red; color:black;;width:1%">Derivatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Communist_Party" title="French Communist Party">French Communist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_France_%E2%80%93_Jean_Jaur%C3%A8s_Union" title="Socialist Party of France – Jean Jaurès Union">Socialist Party of France – Jean Jaurès Union</a> / <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republican_Union" title="Socialist Republican Union">Socialist Republican Union</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">National Popular Rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalist_Workers_Party" title="Internationalist Workers Party">Internationalist Workers Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers_and_Peasants%27_Socialist_Party" title="Workers and Peasants' Socialist Party">Workers and Peasants' Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Democratic Socialist Party (France)">Democratic Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_the_Socialist_Left" title="Union of the Socialist Left">Union of the Socialist Left</a> / <a href="/wiki/Unified_Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Unified Socialist Party (France)">Unified Socialist Party</a> / <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Clubs_for_the_Renewal_of_the_Left" title="Union of Clubs for the Renewal of the Left">Union of Clubs for the Renewal of the Left</a> / <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Socialist_Groups_and_Clubs" title="Union of Socialist Groups and Clubs">Union of Socialist Groups and Clubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)">Socialist Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red; color:black;;width:1%">Alliances</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cartel_des_Gauches" title="Cartel des Gauches">Lefts Cartel</a> (1924–1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_(France)" title="Popular Front (France)">Popular Front</a> (1936–1938)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tripartisme" title="Tripartisme">Tripartisme</a></i> (1944–1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Force_(France)" title="Third Force (France)">Third Force</a> (1947–1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_the_Democratic_and_Socialist_Left" title="Federation of the Democratic and Socialist Left">Federation of the Democratic and Socialist Left</a> (1965–1968)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1086907#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1110" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1086907#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1110" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1086907#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/158011883">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/2123215-5">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n93097285">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12188127h">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12188127h">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007267087105171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" 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