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value="climate" > Climate </option> <option value="ctn" > Clinical and Translational Neuroscience (CTN) </option> <option value="clinbioenerg" > Clinical Bioenergetics </option> <option value="clinpract" > Clinics and Practice </option> <option value="clockssleep" > Clocks & Sleep </option> <option value="coasts" > Coasts </option> <option value="coatings" > Coatings </option> <option value="colloids" > Colloids and Interfaces </option> <option value="colorants" > Colorants </option> <option value="commodities" > Commodities </option> <option value="complications" > Complications </option> <option value="compounds" > Compounds </option> <option value="computation" > Computation </option> <option value="csmf" > Computer Sciences & Mathematics Forum </option> <option value="computers" > Computers </option> <option value="condensedmatter" > Condensed Matter </option> <option value="conservation" > Conservation </option> <option value="constrmater" > Construction Materials </option> <option value="cmd" > Corrosion and Materials Degradation (CMD) </option> <option value="cosmetics" > Cosmetics </option> <option value="covid" > COVID </option> <option value="cmtr" > Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction (CMTR) </option> <option value="crops" > Crops </option> <option value="cryo" > Cryo </option> <option value="cryptography" > Cryptography </option> <option value="crystals" > Crystals </option> <option value="cimb" > Current Issues in Molecular Biology (CIMB) </option> <option value="curroncol" > Current Oncology </option> <option value="dairy" > Dairy </option> <option value="data" > Data </option> <option value="dentistry" > Dentistry Journal </option> <option value="dermato" > Dermato </option> <option value="dermatopathology" > Dermatopathology </option> <option value="designs" > Designs </option> <option value="diabetology" > Diabetology </option> <option value="diagnostics" > Diagnostics </option> <option value="dietetics" > Dietetics </option> <option value="digital" > Digital </option> <option value="disabilities" > Disabilities </option> <option value="diseases" > Diseases </option> <option value="diversity" > Diversity </option> <option value="dna" > DNA </option> <option value="drones" > Drones </option> <option value="ddc" > Drugs and Drug Candidates (DDC) </option> <option value="dynamics" > Dynamics </option> <option value="earth" > Earth </option> <option value="ecologies" > Ecologies </option> <option value="econometrics" > Econometrics </option> <option value="economies" > Economies </option> <option value="education" > Education Sciences </option> <option value="electricity" > Electricity </option> <option value="electrochem" > Electrochem </option> <option value="electronicmat" > Electronic Materials </option> <option value="electronics" > Electronics </option> <option value="ecm" > Emergency Care and Medicine </option> <option value="encyclopedia" > Encyclopedia </option> <option value="endocrines" > Endocrines </option> <option value="energies" > Energies </option> <option value="esa" > Energy Storage and Applications (ESA) </option> <option value="eng" > Eng </option> <option value="engproc" > Engineering Proceedings </option> <option value="entropy" > Entropy </option> <option value="eesp" > Environmental and Earth Sciences Proceedings </option> <option value="environments" > Environments </option> <option value="epidemiologia" > Epidemiologia </option> <option value="epigenomes" > Epigenomes </option> <option value="ebj" > European Burn Journal (EBJ) </option> <option value="ejihpe" > European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education (EJIHPE) </option> <option value="fermentation" > Fermentation </option> <option value="fibers" > Fibers </option> <option value="fintech" > FinTech </option> <option value="fire" > Fire </option> <option value="fishes" > Fishes </option> <option value="fluids" > Fluids </option> <option value="foods" > Foods </option> <option value="forecasting" > Forecasting </option> <option value="forensicsci" > Forensic Sciences </option> <option value="forests" > Forests </option> <option value="fossstud" > Fossil Studies </option> <option value="foundations" > Foundations </option> <option value="fractalfract" > Fractal and Fractional (Fractal Fract) </option> <option value="fuels" > Fuels </option> <option value="future" > Future </option> <option value="futureinternet" > Future Internet </option> <option value="futurepharmacol" > Future Pharmacology </option> <option value="futuretransp" > Future Transportation </option> <option value="galaxies" > Galaxies </option> <option value="games" > Games </option> <option value="gases" > Gases </option> <option value="gastroent" > Gastroenterology Insights </option> <option value="gastrointestdisord" > Gastrointestinal Disorders </option> <option value="gastronomy" > Gastronomy </option> <option value="gels" > Gels </option> <option value="genealogy" > Genealogy </option> <option value="genes" > Genes </option> <option value="geographies" > Geographies </option> <option value="geohazards" > GeoHazards </option> <option value="geomatics" > Geomatics </option> <option value="geometry" > Geometry </option> <option value="geosciences" > Geosciences </option> <option value="geotechnics" > Geotechnics </option> <option value="geriatrics" > Geriatrics </option> <option value="glacies" > Glacies </option> <option value="gucdd" > Gout, Urate, and Crystal Deposition Disease (GUCDD) </option> <option value="grasses" > Grasses </option> <option value="greenhealth" > Green Health </option> <option value="hardware" > Hardware </option> <option value="healthcare" > Healthcare </option> <option value="hearts" > Hearts </option> <option value="hemato" > Hemato </option> <option value="hematolrep" > Hematology Reports </option> <option value="heritage" > Heritage </option> <option value="histories" > Histories </option> <option value="horticulturae" > Horticulturae </option> <option value="hospitals" > Hospitals </option> <option value="humanities" > Humanities </option> <option value="humans" > Humans </option> <option value="hydrobiology" > Hydrobiology </option> <option value="hydrogen" > Hydrogen </option> <option value="hydrology" > Hydrology </option> <option value="hygiene" > Hygiene </option> <option value="immuno" > Immuno </option> <option value="idr" > Infectious Disease Reports </option> <option value="informatics" > Informatics </option> <option value="information" > Information </option> <option value="infrastructures" > Infrastructures </option> <option value="inorganics" > Inorganics </option> <option value="insects" > Insects </option> <option value="instruments" > Instruments </option> <option value="iic" > Intelligent Infrastructure and Construction </option> <option value="ijerph" > International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH) </option> <option value="ijfs" > International Journal of Financial Studies (IJFS) </option> <option value="ijms" > International Journal of Molecular Sciences (IJMS) </option> <option value="IJNS" > International Journal of Neonatal Screening (IJNS) </option> <option value="ijom" > International Journal of Orofacial Myology and Myofunctional Therapy (IJOM) </option> <option value="ijpb" > International Journal of Plant Biology (IJPB) </option> <option value="ijt" > International Journal of Topology </option> <option value="ijtm" > International Journal of Translational Medicine (IJTM) </option> <option value="ijtpp" > International Journal of Turbomachinery, Propulsion and Power (IJTPP) </option> <option value="ime" > International Medical Education (IME) </option> <option value="inventions" > Inventions </option> <option value="IoT" > IoT </option> <option value="ijgi" > ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information (IJGI) </option> <option value="J" > J </option> <option value="jal" > Journal of Ageing and Longevity (JAL) </option> <option value="jcdd" > Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease (JCDD) </option> <option value="jcto" > Journal of Clinical & Translational Ophthalmology (JCTO) </option> <option value="jcm" > Journal of Clinical Medicine (JCM) </option> <option value="jcs" > Journal of Composites Science (J. 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(JoR) </option> <option value="jrfm" > Journal of Risk and Financial Management (JRFM) </option> <option value="jsan" > Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks (JSAN) </option> <option value="joma" > Journal of the Oman Medical Association (JOMA) </option> <option value="jtaer" > Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research (JTAER) </option> <option value="jvd" > Journal of Vascular Diseases (JVD) </option> <option value="jox" > Journal of Xenobiotics (JoX) </option> <option value="jzbg" > Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens (JZBG) </option> <option value="journalmedia" > Journalism and Media </option> <option value="kidneydial" > Kidney and Dialysis </option> <option value="kinasesphosphatases" > Kinases and Phosphatases </option> <option value="knowledge" > Knowledge </option> <option value="labmed" > LabMed </option> <option value="laboratories" > Laboratories </option> <option value="land" > Land </option> <option value="languages" > Languages </option> 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value="nursrep" > Nursing Reports </option> <option value="nutraceuticals" > Nutraceuticals </option> <option value="nutrients" > Nutrients </option> <option value="obesities" > Obesities </option> <option value="oceans" > Oceans </option> <option value="onco" > Onco </option> <option value="optics" > Optics </option> <option value="oral" > Oral </option> <option value="organics" > Organics </option> <option value="organoids" > Organoids </option> <option value="osteology" > Osteology </option> <option value="oxygen" > Oxygen </option> <option value="parasitologia" > Parasitologia </option> <option value="particles" > Particles </option> <option value="pathogens" > Pathogens </option> <option value="pathophysiology" > Pathophysiology </option> <option value="pediatrrep" > Pediatric Reports </option> <option value="pets" > Pets </option> <option value="pharmaceuticals" > Pharmaceuticals </option> <option value="pharmaceutics" > Pharmaceutics </option> <option 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value="processes" > Processes </option> <option value="prosthesis" > Prosthesis </option> <option value="proteomes" > Proteomes </option> <option value="psychiatryint" > Psychiatry International </option> <option value="psychoactives" > Psychoactives </option> <option value="psycholint" > Psychology International </option> <option value="publications" > Publications </option> <option value="qubs" > Quantum Beam Science (QuBS) </option> <option value="quantumrep" > Quantum Reports </option> <option value="quaternary" > Quaternary </option> <option value="radiation" > Radiation </option> <option value="reactions" > Reactions </option> <option value="realestate" > Real Estate </option> <option value="receptors" > Receptors </option> <option value="recycling" > Recycling </option> <option value="rsee" > Regional Science and Environmental Economics (RSEE) </option> <option value="religions" > Religions </option> <option value="remotesensing" > Remote Sensing </option> <option value="reports" > Reports </option> <option value="reprodmed" > Reproductive Medicine (Reprod. Med.) </option> <option value="resources" > Resources </option> <option value="rheumato" > Rheumato </option> <option value="risks" > Risks </option> <option value="robotics" > Robotics </option> <option value="ruminants" > Ruminants </option> <option value="safety" > Safety </option> <option value="sci" > Sci </option> <option value="scipharm" > Scientia Pharmaceutica (Sci. 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value="women" > Women </option> <option value="world" > World </option> <option value="wevj" > World Electric Vehicle Journal (WEVJ) </option> <option value="youth" > Youth </option> <option value="zoonoticdis" > Zoonotic Diseases </option> </select> </div> <div class="large-2 medium-2 small-6 columns "> <div class=""> <div class="search-input-label">Article Type</div> </div> <select id="article_type" tabindex="4" name="article_type" class="chosen-select"> <option value="">All Article Types</option> <option value="research-article">Article</option> <option value="review-article">Review</option> <option value="rapid-communication">Communication</option> <option value="editorial">Editorial</option> <option value="abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="book-review">Book Review</option> <option value="brief-communication">Brief Communication</option> <option value="brief-report">Brief Report</option> <option value="case-report">Case Report</option> <option 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name="q" value="beneath the dressings"> <span id="refine_exclude_field" style="display: none;"></span> <div class="content__container " > <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link " > <h2>Saved Queries</h2> </div> <div class="target-item custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content show-for-medium-up"> <div class="generic-item refind-item-wrap no-border last-item no-padding-top"> <a class="bold" href="/user/login">Sign in</a> to use this feature. </div> </div> </div> <div class="content__container " > <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link " data-callback=processResetAllVisibility> <h2> Search Filter <a href="#" class="remove-refines remove-refines-all link--red right">Reset All</a> </h2> </div> <div class="target-item custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content show-for-medium-up"> <div class="generic-item refind-item-wrap no-border no-padding-top"> <h3>Years</h3> <span>Between:</span> <input type="number" id="refine_year_from" style="display: inline-block; font-size: 12px;" name="year_from" value="1996" min="1996" max="2025"> - <input type="number" id="refine_year_to" style="display: inline-block; font-size: 12px;" name="year_to" value="2025" min="1996" max="2025"> <div id="year-range"></div> <div style="clear:both;"></div> </div> <div class="generic-item refind-item-wrap filter-container filter-container-featured" style="display: none;"> <h3>Feature Papers</h3> <div class="js-refinement-selections-container"> </div> <div class="filter-actions-container filter-actions-container--filled filter-actions-container--hidden"> <a class="js-refine-filter" data-reveal-id="refine-modal-featured" data-filter="featured"><strong>Add Feature Papers</strong></a> <a href="#" class="remove-refines link--red right" data-refineid="featured"><strong>Reset</strong></a> </div> <div class="filter-actions-container filter-actions-container--empty "> <a class="button button--color button--full-width js-refine-filter" href="#" data-reveal-id="refine-modal-featured" data-filter="featured" class="all">Select Feature Papers</a> </div> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div id="refine-modal-featured" class="reveal-modal reveal-modal-new" data-reveal aria-labelledby="modalTitle" aria-hidden="true" role="dialog"> <div class="row"> <div class="small-12 columns"> <h2>Filter Feature Papers</h2> <input class="js-filter" type="text" form="temp" placeholder="Search for Feature Papers" style="width: 100%; max-width: 300px;" /> <p class="reveal-modal-new__description"> Select feature papers you want to add to your filter. </p> </div> <div class="js-refinement-values-container"> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="small-12 columns"> <a class="button button--color js-filter-close" data-itemid="featured" onclick="$('#refine-modal-featured').foundation('reveal', 'close'); return false;">Add to Filter</a> <a class="button button--grey" onclick="$(this).closest('.reveal-modal').find('.close-reveal-modal').click(); return false;">Cancel</a> </div> </div> <input type="hidden" name="featured" id="refine_featured_field"> <a class="close-reveal-modal" aria-label="Close"> <i class="material-icons">clear</i> </a> </div></div> <div class="generic-item refind-item-wrap filter-container filter-container-subjects" style=""> <h3>Subjects</h3> <div class="js-refinement-selections-container"> <div class="remove-filter-container remove-filter-container--hidden"> <a href="#" class="remove-filter-link link--red " data-filterid="refine_subjects_chem-materials"> <i class="material-icons">remove_circle_outline</i> </a> <label> Chemistry & Materials Science </label> </div/> <div class="remove-filter-container remove-filter-container--hidden"> <a href="#" class="remove-filter-link link--red " data-filterid="refine_subjects_environment"> <i class="material-icons">remove_circle_outline</i> </a> <label> Environmental & Earth Sciences </label> </div/> <div class="remove-filter-container remove-filter-container--hidden"> <a href="#" class="remove-filter-link link--red 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id="refine_subjects_environment" value="environment"> <label class="search_refine_label" style="margin-bottom: 10px;" for="refine_subjects_environment">Environmental & Earth Sciences (2)</label> </div> </div> <div class="large-6 medium-6 small-12 columns end js-data-filter" data-filter="engineering" style="padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0;" > <div> <input type="checkbox" class="refine_checkbox refine_subjects" id="refine_subjects_engineering" value="engineering"> <label class="search_refine_label" style="margin-bottom: 10px;" for="refine_subjects_engineering">Engineering (1)</label> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="small-12 columns"> <a class="button button--color js-filter-close" data-itemid="subjects" onclick="$('#refine-modal-subjects').foundation('reveal', 'close'); return false;">Add to Filter</a> <a class="button button--grey" onclick="$(this).closest('.reveal-modal').find('.close-reveal-modal').click(); return false;">Cancel</a> </div> </div> <input type="hidden" name="subjects" id="refine_subjects_field"> <a class="close-reveal-modal" aria-label="Close"> <i class="material-icons">clear</i> </a> </div></div> <div class="generic-item refind-item-wrap filter-container filter-container-journals" style=""> <h3>Journals</h3> <div class="js-refinement-selections-container"> <div class="remove-filter-container remove-filter-container--hidden"> <a href="#" class="remove-filter-link link--red " data-filterid="refine_journals_sensors"> <i class="material-icons">remove_circle_outline</i> </a> <label> Sensors </label> </div/> <div class="remove-filter-container remove-filter-container--hidden"> <a href="#" class="remove-filter-link link--red " data-filterid="refine_journals_atmosphere"> <i class="material-icons">remove_circle_outline</i> </a> <label> Atmosphere </label> </div/> </div> <div class="filter-actions-container filter-actions-container--filled filter-actions-container--hidden"> <a class="js-refine-filter" data-reveal-id="refine-modal-journals" data-filter="journals"><strong>Add Journals</strong></a> <a href="#" class="remove-refines link--red right" data-refineid="journals"><strong>Reset</strong></a> </div> <div class="filter-actions-container filter-actions-container--empty "> <a class="button button--color button--full-width js-refine-filter" href="#" data-reveal-id="refine-modal-journals" data-filter="journals" class="all">Select Journals</a> </div> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div id="refine-modal-journals" class="reveal-modal reveal-modal-new" data-reveal aria-labelledby="modalTitle" aria-hidden="true" role="dialog"> <div class="row"> <div class="small-12 columns"> <h2>Filter Journals</h2> <input class="js-filter" type="text" form="temp" placeholder="Search for Journals" style="width: 100%; max-width: 300px;" /> <p class="reveal-modal-new__description"> Select journals you want to add to your filter. </p> </div> <div class="js-refinement-values-container"> <div class="large-6 medium-6 small-12 columns end js-data-filter" data-filter="sensors" style="padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0;" > <div> <input type="checkbox" class="refine_checkbox refine_journals" id="refine_journals_sensors" value="sensors"> <label class="search_refine_label" style="margin-bottom: 10px;" for="refine_journals_sensors">Sensors (1)</label> </div> </div> <div class="large-6 medium-6 small-12 columns end js-data-filter" data-filter="atmosphere" style="padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0;" > <div> <input type="checkbox" class="refine_checkbox refine_journals" id="refine_journals_atmosphere" value="atmosphere"> <label class="search_refine_label" style="margin-bottom: 10px;" for="refine_journals_atmosphere">Atmosphere (1)</label> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="small-12 columns"> <a class="button button--color js-filter-close" data-itemid="journals" onclick="$('#refine-modal-journals').foundation('reveal', 'close'); return false;">Add to Filter</a> <a class="button button--grey" onclick="$(this).closest('.reveal-modal').find('.close-reveal-modal').click(); return false;">Cancel</a> </div> </div> <input type="hidden" name="journals" id="refine_journals_field"> <a class="close-reveal-modal" aria-label="Close"> <i class="material-icons">clear</i> </a> </div></div> <div class="generic-item refind-item-wrap filter-container filter-container-article_types" style=""> <h3>Article Types</h3> <div class="js-refinement-selections-container"> <div class="remove-filter-container remove-filter-container--hidden"> <a href="#" class="remove-filter-link link--red " data-filterid="refine_article_types_research-article"> <i class="material-icons">remove_circle_outline</i> </a> <label> Article </label> </div/> </div> <div class="filter-actions-container filter-actions-container--filled filter-actions-container--hidden"> <a class="js-refine-filter" data-reveal-id="refine-modal-article_types" data-filter="article_types"><strong>Add Article Types</strong></a> <a href="#" class="remove-refines link--red right" data-refineid="article_types"><strong>Reset</strong></a> </div> <div class="filter-actions-container filter-actions-container--empty "> <a class="button button--color button--full-width js-refine-filter" href="#" data-reveal-id="refine-modal-article_types" data-filter="article_types" class="all">Select Article Types</a> </div> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div id="refine-modal-article_types" class="reveal-modal reveal-modal-new" data-reveal aria-labelledby="modalTitle" aria-hidden="true" role="dialog"> <div class="row"> <div class="small-12 columns"> <h2>Filter Article Types</h2> <input class="js-filter" type="text" form="temp" placeholder="Search for Article Types" style="width: 100%; max-width: 300px;" /> <p class="reveal-modal-new__description"> Select article types you want to add to your filter. </p> </div> <div class="js-refinement-values-container"> <div class="large-6 medium-6 small-12 columns end js-data-filter" data-filter="article" style="padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0;" > <div> <input type="checkbox" class="refine_checkbox refine_article_types" id="refine_article_types_research-article" value="research-article"> <label class="search_refine_label" style="margin-bottom: 10px;" for="refine_article_types_research-article">Article (2)</label> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="small-12 columns"> <a class="button button--color js-filter-close" data-itemid="article_types" onclick="$('#refine-modal-article_types').foundation('reveal', 'close'); return false;">Add to Filter</a> <a class="button button--grey" onclick="$(this).closest('.reveal-modal').find('.close-reveal-modal').click(); return false;">Cancel</a> </div> </div> <input type="hidden" name="article_types" id="refine_article_types_field"> <a class="close-reveal-modal" aria-label="Close"> <i class="material-icons">clear</i> </a> </div></div> <div class="generic-item refind-item-wrap filter-container filter-container-countries" style=""> <h3>Countries / Regions</h3> <div class="js-refinement-selections-container"> <div class="remove-filter-container remove-filter-container--hidden"> <a href="#" class="remove-filter-link link--red " data-filterid="refine_countries_BANGLADESH"> <i class="material-icons">remove_circle_outline</i> </a> <label> Bangladesh </label> </div/> <div class="remove-filter-container remove-filter-container--hidden"> <a href="#" class="remove-filter-link link--red " data-filterid="refine_countries_FINLAND"> <i class="material-icons">remove_circle_outline</i> </a> <label> Finland </label> </div/> <div class="remove-filter-container remove-filter-container--hidden"> <a href="#" class="remove-filter-link link--red " data-filterid="refine_countries_JAPAN"> <i class="material-icons">remove_circle_outline</i> </a> <label> Japan </label> </div/> </div> <div class="filter-actions-container filter-actions-container--filled filter-actions-container--hidden"> <a class="js-refine-filter" data-reveal-id="refine-modal-countries" data-filter="countries"><strong>Add Countries / Regions</strong></a> <a href="#" class="remove-refines link--red right" data-refineid="countries"><strong>Reset</strong></a> </div> <div class="filter-actions-container filter-actions-container--empty "> <a class="button button--color button--full-width js-refine-filter" href="#" data-reveal-id="refine-modal-countries" data-filter="countries" class="all">Select Countries / Regions</a> </div> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div id="refine-modal-countries" class="reveal-modal reveal-modal-new" data-reveal aria-labelledby="modalTitle" aria-hidden="true" role="dialog"> <div class="row"> <div class="small-12 columns"> <h2>Filter Countries / Regions</h2> <input class="js-filter" type="text" form="temp" placeholder="Search for Countries / Regions" style="width: 100%; max-width: 300px;" /> <p class="reveal-modal-new__description"> Select countries / regions you want to add to your filter. </p> </div> <div class="js-refinement-values-container"> <div class="large-6 medium-6 small-12 columns end js-data-filter" data-filter="bangladesh" style="padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0;" > <div> <input type="checkbox" class="refine_checkbox refine_countries" id="refine_countries_BANGLADESH" value="BANGLADESH"> <label class="search_refine_label" style="margin-bottom: 10px;" for="refine_countries_BANGLADESH">Bangladesh (1)</label> </div> </div> <div class="large-6 medium-6 small-12 columns end js-data-filter" data-filter="finland" style="padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0;" > <div> <input type="checkbox" class="refine_checkbox refine_countries" id="refine_countries_FINLAND" value="FINLAND"> <label class="search_refine_label" style="margin-bottom: 10px;" for="refine_countries_FINLAND">Finland (1)</label> </div> </div> <div class="large-6 medium-6 small-12 columns end js-data-filter" data-filter="japan" style="padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0;" > <div> <input type="checkbox" class="refine_checkbox refine_countries" id="refine_countries_JAPAN" value="JAPAN"> <label class="search_refine_label" style="margin-bottom: 10px;" for="refine_countries_JAPAN">Japan (1)</label> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="small-12 columns"> <a class="button button--color js-filter-close" data-itemid="countries" onclick="$('#refine-modal-countries').foundation('reveal', 'close'); return false;">Add to Filter</a> <a class="button button--grey" onclick="$(this).closest('.reveal-modal').find('.close-reveal-modal').click(); return false;">Cancel</a> </div> </div> <input type="hidden" name="countries" id="refine_countries_field"> <a class="close-reveal-modal" aria-label="Close"> <i class="material-icons">clear</i> </a> </div></div> <div class="generic-item last-item refind-item-wrap"> <a class="button button--grey 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class="article-listing"> <form id="exportArticles" method="post" action="/export"> <input type="hidden" name="_token" value="-rbLke-sYX9M4VZmY6qhGv9mEYKm-6cY6QRQ9u5OUt8"> <input type="hidden" name="sort" value="pubdate"> <input type="hidden" name="page_count" value="50"> <input type="hidden" name="year_from" value="1996"> <input type="hidden" name="year_to" value="2025"> <input type="hidden" name="q" value="beneath the dressings"> <script type="text/x-mathjax-config"> MathJax.Hub.Config({ "HTML-CSS": { availableFonts: ["TeX"], preferredFonts: "TeX", webFont:"TeX", imageFont:"TeX", undefinedFamily:"'Arial Unicode MS',serif", scale: 80, linebreaks: { automatic: true, width: "container" } }, "TeX": { extensions: ["noErrors.js"], noErrors: { inlineDelimiters: ["",""], multiLine: true, style: { "font-size": "90%", "text-align": "left", "color": "black", "padding": "1px 3px", "border": "1px solid" } } } }); MathJax.Hub.Register.StartupHook("End",function () { 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href="/1424-8220/19/11/2505/pdf?version=1559716622" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Bioimpedance Sensor Array for Long-Term Monitoring of Wound Healing from Beneath the Primary Dressings and Controlled Formation of H2O2 Using Low-Intensity Direct Current" data-journal="sensors"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/1424-8220/19/11/2505">Bioimpedance Sensor Array for Long-Term Monitoring of Wound Healing from Beneath the Primary Dressings and Controlled Formation of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> Using Low-Intensity Direct Current</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Atte Kekonen</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Mikael Bergelin</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Max Johansson</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Narender Kumar Joon</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Johan Bobacka</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jari Viik</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Sensors</em> <b>2019</b>, <em>19</em>(11), 2505; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/s19112505">https://doi.org/10.3390/s19112505</a> - 31 May 2019 </div> <a href="/1424-8220/19/11/2505#metrics">Cited by 37</a> | Viewed by 7813 <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Chronic wounds impose a significant financial burden for the healthcare system. Currently, assessment and monitoring of hard-to-heal wounds are often based on visual means and measuring the size of the wound. The primary wound dressings must be removed before assessment can be done. <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/11/2505/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Chronic wounds impose a significant financial burden for the healthcare system. Currently, assessment and monitoring of hard-to-heal wounds are often based on visual means and measuring the size of the wound. The primary wound dressings must be removed before assessment can be done. We have developed a quasi-monopolar bioimpedance-measurement-based method and a measurement system to determine the status of wound healing. The objective of this study was to demonstrate that with an appropriate setup, long-term monitoring of wound healing from beneath the primary dressings is feasible. The developed multielectrode sensor array was applied on the wound area and left under the primary dressings for 142 h. The impedance of the wounds and the surrounding intact skin area was measured regularly during the study at 150 Hz, 300 Hz, 1 kHz, and 5 kHz frequencies. At the end of the follow-up period, the wound impedance had reached the impedance of the intact skin at the higher frequencies and increased significantly at the lowest frequencies. The measurement frequency affected the measurement sensitivity in wound monitoring. The skin impedance remained stable over the measurement period. The sensor array also enabled the administration of periodical low-intensity direct current (LIDC) stimulation in order to create an antimicrobial environment across the wound area via the controlled formation of hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>). <a href="/1424-8220/19/11/2505">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/sensors/special_issues/BEC2018 ">Selected Papers from 16th Biennial Baltic Electronics Conference (BEC 2018)</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/11/2505/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev236194"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next236194"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next236194" data-cycle-prev="#prev236194" data-cycle-progressive="#images236194" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-236194-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sensors/sensors-19-02505/article_deploy/html/images/sensors-19-02505-g001-550.jpg?1571619925" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images236194" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-236194-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sensors/sensors-19-02505/article_deploy/html/images/sensors-19-02505-g002-550.jpg?1571619925'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-236194-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sensors/sensors-19-02505/article_deploy/html/images/sensors-19-02505-g003a-550.jpg?1571619925'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-236194-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sensors/sensors-19-02505/article_deploy/html/images/sensors-19-02505-g003b-550.jpg?1571619924'><p>Figure 3 Cont.</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-236194-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sensors/sensors-19-02505/article_deploy/html/images/sensors-19-02505-g004-550.jpg?1571619924'><p>Figure 4</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-236194-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sensors/sensors-19-02505/article_deploy/html/images/sensors-19-02505-g001-550.jpg?1571619925" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) The layout of the multielectrode sensor array prototype. (<b>b</b>) A photograph of the sensor array. The dashed white square marks the electrodes which participated in the measurements. The electrodes k1, a4, b1, b2, c2, c3, and d2 are marked on the figure. The electrodes a4, b1, and b2 were on the wound in the first experiment and the electrodes c2, c3, and d2 in the second experiment. The remaining electrodes in the array and on the left and the right side of the array were on the intact skin. The sensor array was based on the design presented by Kekonen et al. (2018) [<a href="#B24-sensors-19-02505" class="html-bibr">24</a>].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1424-8220/19/11/2505'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sensors/sensors-19-02505/article_deploy/html/images/sensors-19-02505-g002-550.jpg?1571619925" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) The materials needed for preparing the multielectrode sensor array before placement on the skin. (<b>b</b>,<b>c</b>) The placement of the sensor array on the left shin. (<b>d</b>) A foam dressing applied on top of the sensor array. (<b>e</b>) Compression bandage folded on the shin; only the connector end was outside of the bandage.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1424-8220/19/11/2505'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sensors/sensors-19-02505/article_deploy/html/images/sensors-19-02505-g003a-550.jpg?1571619925" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>The impedance measurement results of the first experiment (left column) and the second experiment (right column) for 150 Hz, 300 Hz, 1 kHz, and 5 kHz frequencies. In both experiments, the impedance was measured from beneath the primary dressings for 142 h. A total of 17 electrode pairs were used in the measurements. In the first experiment, a wound was induced under the electrodes a4, b1, and b2 after 24 h of measuring skin impedance. In the second experiment, a wound was induced under the electrodes c2, c3, and d2 after 24 h of measuring skin impedance. The remaining 14 electrode pairs measured skin impedance over the 142 h follow-up period. The electrode pair k1–k2 consisted of electrodes which had a larger surface area. (<b>a</b>) 150 Hz; (<b>b</b>) 300 Hz; (<b>c</b>) 1 kHz; (<b>d</b>) 5 kHz.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1424-8220/19/11/2505'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sensors/sensors-19-02505/article_deploy/html/images/sensors-19-02505-g003b-550.jpg?1571619924" title=" <strong>Figure 3 Cont.</strong><br/> <p>The impedance measurement results of the first experiment (left column) and the second experiment (right column) for 150 Hz, 300 Hz, 1 kHz, and 5 kHz frequencies. In both experiments, the impedance was measured from beneath the primary dressings for 142 h. A total of 17 electrode pairs were used in the measurements. In the first experiment, a wound was induced under the electrodes a4, b1, and b2 after 24 h of measuring skin impedance. In the second experiment, a wound was induced under the electrodes c2, c3, and d2 after 24 h of measuring skin impedance. The remaining 14 electrode pairs measured skin impedance over the 142 h follow-up period. The electrode pair k1–k2 consisted of electrodes which had a larger surface area. (<b>a</b>) 150 Hz; (<b>b</b>) 300 Hz; (<b>c</b>) 1 kHz; (<b>d</b>) 5 kHz.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1424-8220/19/11/2505'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sensors/sensors-19-02505/article_deploy/html/images/sensors-19-02505-g004-550.jpg?1571619924" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>The condition of the skin and the wounds after 142 h of bioimpedance follow-up. The location of the wound electrodes is marked in the photos. (<b>a</b>) The first experiment. (<b>b</b>) The second experiment.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1424-8220/19/11/2505'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <input class="article-list-checkbox export-element" type="checkbox" name="articles_ids[]" value="149843" data-select-all-name="article-listing"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 18 pages, 1461 KiB   </span> <a href="/2073-4433/9/6/212/pdf?version=1527744219" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Impact of Management Practices on Methane Emissions from Paddy Grown on Mineral Soil over Peat in Central Hokkaido, Japan" data-journal="atmosphere"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2073-4433/9/6/212">Impact of Management Practices on Methane Emissions from Paddy Grown on Mineral Soil over Peat in Central Hokkaido, Japan</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Habib Mohammad Naser</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Osamu Nagata</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Sarmin Sultana</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ryusuke Hatano</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Atmosphere</em> <b>2018</b>, <em>9</em>(6), 212; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos9060212">https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos9060212</a> - 31 May 2018 </div> <a href="/2073-4433/9/6/212#metrics">Cited by 5</a> | Viewed by 5734 <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> This study was carried out at Kita-mura near Bibai located in central Hokkaido, Japan, with the intention of investigating the effects of different agronomical managements on CH<sub>4</sub> emissions from paddy fields on mineral soil over peat under farmers’ actual management conditions in <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/9/6/212/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> This study was carried out at Kita-mura near Bibai located in central Hokkaido, Japan, with the intention of investigating the effects of different agronomical managements on CH<sub>4</sub> emissions from paddy fields on mineral soil over peat under farmers’ actual management conditions in the snowy temperate region. Four fields were studied, including two fields with twice drainage (D<sub>1</sub>-M and D<sub>2</sub>-M) and also a single-drainage field (D<sub>3</sub>-S) under annual single-cropping and a paddy-fallow-paddy crop rotation as their systems. The other field was under single cropping annual with continuous flooding (CF-R) in the pattern of soybean (upland crop)-fallow-paddy. The mineral-soil thickness of these soil-dressed peatland fields varied from 20 to 47 cm. The amount of crop residues leftover in the fields ranged from 277 to 751 g dry matter m<sup>−2</sup>. Total CH<sub>4</sub> emissions ranged from 25.3 to 116 g CH<sub>4</sub>-C m<sup>−2</sup> per growing season. There was a significant relationship between crop-residue carbon (C) and total CH<sub>4</sub> emissions during the rice-growing season. Methane fluxes from paddy soils had a strong interaction between readily available C source for methanogens and anaerobic conditions created by water management. Despite the differences in water regime and soil type, the average values of straw’s efficiency on CH<sub>4</sub> production in this study were significantly higher than those of southern Japan and statistically identical with central Hokkaido. Our results suggest that the environmental conditions of central Hokkaido in association with crop-residue management had a significant influence on CH<sub>4</sub> emission from paddy fields on mineral soil over peat. Rotation soybean (upland)-to-paddy followed by drainage-twice practices also largely reduces CH<sub>4</sub> emission. However, mineral-soil dressing on peat could have a significant impact on suppression of CH<sub>4</sub> emissions from beneath the peat reservoir. <a href="/2073-4433/9/6/212">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/atmosphere/special_issues/greenhouse_gases_agroecosystem ">C and N Cycling and Greenhouse Gases Emission in Agroecosystem</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/9/6/212/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev149843"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next149843"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next149843" data-cycle-prev="#prev149843" data-cycle-progressive="#images149843" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-149843-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/atmosphere/atmosphere-09-00212/article_deploy/html/images/atmosphere-09-00212-ag-550.jpg?1570150262" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Graphical abstract</p></div><script id="images149843" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-149843-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/atmosphere/atmosphere-09-00212/article_deploy/html/images/atmosphere-09-00212-g001-550.jpg?1570150262'><p>Figure 1</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-149843-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/atmosphere/atmosphere-09-00212/article_deploy/html/images/atmosphere-09-00212-g002-550.jpg?1570150262'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-149843-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/atmosphere/atmosphere-09-00212/article_deploy/html/images/atmosphere-09-00212-g003-550.jpg?1570150262'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-149843-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/atmosphere/atmosphere-09-00212/article_deploy/html/images/atmosphere-09-00212-g004-550.jpg?1570150262'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-149843-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/atmosphere/atmosphere-09-00212/article_deploy/html/images/atmosphere-09-00212-g005-550.jpg?1570150262'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-149843-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/atmosphere/atmosphere-09-00212/article_deploy/html/images/atmosphere-09-00212-g006-550.jpg?1570150262'><p>Figure 6</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-149843-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/atmosphere/atmosphere-09-00212/article_deploy/html/images/atmosphere-09-00212-ag-550.jpg?1570150262" title=" <strong>Graphical abstract</strong><br/><strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4433/9/6/212'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/atmosphere/atmosphere-09-00212/article_deploy/html/images/atmosphere-09-00212-g001-550.jpg?1570150262" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Investigated sites.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4433/9/6/212'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/atmosphere/atmosphere-09-00212/article_deploy/html/images/atmosphere-09-00212-g002-550.jpg?1570150262" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Mineral soil dressing on peatland in Kita-mura, near Bibai during 1960s.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4433/9/6/212'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/atmosphere/atmosphere-09-00212/article_deploy/html/images/atmosphere-09-00212-g003-550.jpg?1570150262" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Climatic conditions of investigated area during winter-fallow (<b>a</b>) and rice growing period (<b>b</b>).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4433/9/6/212'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/atmosphere/atmosphere-09-00212/article_deploy/html/images/atmosphere-09-00212-g004-550.jpg?1570150262" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>The CH<sub>4</sub> emissions over time and Eh measured from paddy fields during the growing season. Error bar indicating standard deviation. ↔ = Drainage period. → = Final drainage for harvest.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4433/9/6/212'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/atmosphere/atmosphere-09-00212/article_deploy/html/images/atmosphere-09-00212-g005-550.jpg?1570150262" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Relationship between the amount of organic residue C and total CH<sub>4</sub> emissions measured during rice growing season.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4433/9/6/212'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/atmosphere/atmosphere-09-00212/article_deploy/html/images/atmosphere-09-00212-g006-550.jpg?1570150262" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Straw C loss during the winter-fallow period (October to April).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; 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