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aria-controls="toc-Vehicle_description-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Vehicle description subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Vehicle_description-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-URM-1:_first_stage_and_boosters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#URM-1:_first_stage_and_boosters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>URM-1: first stage and boosters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-URM-1:_first_stage_and_boosters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-URM-2:_second_stage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#URM-2:_second_stage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>URM-2: second stage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-URM-2:_second_stage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Upper_stages_(after_2nd)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Upper_stages_(after_2nd)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Upper stages (after 2nd)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Upper_stages_(after_2nd)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Variants</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Variants-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Variants subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Angara_1.2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Angara_1.2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Angara 1.2</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Angara_1.2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Angara_1.2pp" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Angara_1.2pp"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Angara 1.2pp</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Angara_1.2pp-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Angara_A5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Angara_A5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Angara A5</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Angara_A5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proposed_versions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proposed_versions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Proposed versions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proposed_versions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Angara_1.1" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Angara_1.1"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>Angara 1.1</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Angara_1.1-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Angara_A3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Angara_A3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.2</span> <span>Angara A3</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Angara_A3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Angara_A5P" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Angara_A5P"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.3</span> <span>Angara A5P</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Angara_A5P-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Angara_A5V" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Angara_A5V"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.4</span> <span>Angara A5V</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Angara_A5V-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Angara_A7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Angara_A7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.5</span> <span>Angara A7</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Angara_A7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Angara-100" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Angara-100"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.6</span> <span>Angara-100</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Angara-100-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Baikal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baikal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.7</span> <span>Baikal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baikal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specifications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specifications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Specifications</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Specifications-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Specifications subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Specifications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Active" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Active"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Active</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Active-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cancelled_or_proposed" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cancelled_or_proposed"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Cancelled or proposed</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cancelled_or_proposed-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Testing_and_manufacturing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Testing_and_manufacturing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Testing and manufacturing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Testing_and_manufacturing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Launches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Launches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Launches</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Launches-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Launches subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Launches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Facilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Facilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Facilities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Facilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Launch_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Launch_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Launch history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Launch_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_projects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_projects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Related projects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Related_projects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comparable_rockets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparable_rockets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Comparable rockets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comparable_rockets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Angara (rocket family)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 35 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7_(%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AE)" title="أنجارا (صاروخ) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أنجارا (صاروخ)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0)" title="Ангара (ракета) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ангара (ракета)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angar%C3%A0_(coet)" title="Angarà (coet) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Angarà (coet)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakety_Angara" title="Rakety Angara – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rakety Angara" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angara_(raket)" title="Angara (raket) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Angara (raket)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angara_(Rakete)" title="Angara (Rakete) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Angara (Rakete)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angar%C3%A1_(cohete)" title="Angará (cohete) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Angará (cohete)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angara_(raketo)" title="Angara (raketo) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Angara (raketo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angara_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Angara (fusée) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Angara (fusée)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angara_(foguete)" title="Angara (foguete) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Angara (foguete)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%88%EA%B0%80%EB%9D%BC_(%EB%A1%9C%EC%BC%93)" title="안가라 (로켓) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="안가라 (로켓)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE_(%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0)" title="अंगारा (रॉकेट परिवार) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अंगारा (रॉकेट परिवार)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angara_(keluarga_roket)" title="Angara (keluarga roket) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Angara (keluarga roket)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famiglia_di_lanciatori_Angara" title="Famiglia di lanciatori Angara – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Famiglia di lanciatori Angara" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%94_(%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%92%D7%A8)" title="אנגרה (משגר) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אנגרה (משגר)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angara_(hordoz%C3%B3rak%C3%A9ta)" title="Angara (hordozórakéta) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Angara (hordozórakéta)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1_(%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%82)" title="അങ്കാറ (റോക്കറ്റ് കുടുംബം) – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അങ്കാറ (റോക്കറ്റ് കുടുംബം)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angara_(raketfamilie)" title="Angara (raketfamilie) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Angara (raketfamilie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AC%E3%83%A9_(%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B1%E3%83%83%E3%83%88)" title="アンガラ (ロケット) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アンガラ (ロケット)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angara_(B%C3%A6rerakett)" title="Angara (Bærerakett) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Angara (Bærerakett)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angara_(rodzina_rakiet)" title="Angara (rodzina rakiet) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Angara (rodzina rakiet)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angara_(fam%C3%ADlia_de_foguetes)" title="Angara (família de foguetes) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Angara (família de foguetes)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angara_(familie_de_rachete)" title="Angara (familie de rachete) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Angara (familie de rachete)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9)" title="Ангара (семейство ракет-носителей) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ангара (семейство ракет-носителей)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angara_(rocket_family)" title="Angara (rocket family) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Angara (rocket family)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angara_(raketa)" title="Angara (raketa) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Angara (raketa)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%87)" title="Ангара (ракета-носач) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ангара (ракета-носач)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angara_(raketa-nosa%C4%8D)" title="Angara (raketa-nosač) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Angara (raketa-nosač)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angara_(raketti)" title="Angara (raketti) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Angara (raketti)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angara_(raket)" title="Angara (raket) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Angara (raket)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%8F%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="அங்காரா ஏவுகலங்கள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அங்காரா ஏவுகலங்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angara_(roket_ailesi)" title="Angara (roket ailesi) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Angara (roket ailesi)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a 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.infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hproduct"><caption class="infobox-title">Angara<br />Ангара</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_second_test_launch_of_Angara-A5_from_the_Plesetsk_cosmodrome.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Первый испытательный пуск ракеты-носителя тяжелого класса «Ангара-А5» 03"><img alt="Первый испытательный пуск ракеты-носителя тяжелого класса «Ангара-А5» 03" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/The_second_test_launch_of_Angara-A5_from_the_Plesetsk_cosmodrome.jpg/300px-The_second_test_launch_of_Angara-A5_from_the_Plesetsk_cosmodrome.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/The_second_test_launch_of_Angara-A5_from_the_Plesetsk_cosmodrome.jpg/450px-The_second_test_launch_of_Angara-A5_from_the_Plesetsk_cosmodrome.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/The_second_test_launch_of_Angara-A5_from_the_Plesetsk_cosmodrome.jpg/600px-The_second_test_launch_of_Angara-A5_from_the_Plesetsk_cosmodrome.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Launch of Angara A5</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Function</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Launch_vehicle" title="Launch vehicle">Launch vehicle</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufacturer</th><td class="infobox-data brand"><a href="/wiki/Khrunichev_State_Research_and_Production_Space_Center" title="Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center">Khrunichev</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Chemical_Automatics_Design_Bureau" title="Chemical Automatics Design Bureau">KBKhA</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country of origin</th><td class="infobox-data">Russia</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cost per launch</th><td class="infobox-data">Angara A5: US$100 million (2021) <sup id="cite_ref-NSF20211224_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NSF20211224-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ccf;">Size</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Height</th><td class="infobox-data">42.7 m (140 ft) - 64 m (210 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Width</th><td class="infobox-data"><b>Angara 1.2</b> 2.9 m (9 ft 6 in)<br /><b>Angara A5</b> 8.86 m (29.1 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mass</th><td class="infobox-data">171,500 kg (378,100 lb) - 790,000 kg (1,740,000 lb)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Stages</th><td class="infobox-data">2-3</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ccf;">Capacity <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddf;">Payload to <a href="/wiki/Low_Earth_orbit" title="Low Earth orbit">LEO</a> (Plesetsk)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mass</th><td class="infobox-data">3,800 kg (8,400 lb) - 24,500 kg (54,000 lb)</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddf;">Payload to <a href="/wiki/Geostationary_transfer_orbit" title="Geostationary transfer orbit">GTO</a> (Plesetsk)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mass</th><td class="infobox-data">5,400 kg (11,900 lb) - 7,500 kg (16,500 lb)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ccf;">Associated rockets</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Comparable</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Naro-1" title="Naro-1">Naro-1</a> used a modified URM-1 first stage</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ccf;">Launch history</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Active</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch sites</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome" title="Plesetsk Cosmodrome">Plesetsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome_Site_35" title="Plesetsk Cosmodrome Site 35">Site 35/1</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Vostochny_Cosmodrome" title="Vostochny Cosmodrome">Vostochny</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vostochny_Cosmodrome_Site_1A" title="Vostochny Cosmodrome Site 1A">Site 1A</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Total launches</th><td class="infobox-data">8 (<b>A1.2PP:</b> 1 (suborbital), <b>A1.2:</b> 3, <b>A5:</b> 4)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Success(es)</th><td class="infobox-data">7 (<b>A1.2PP:</b> 1 (suborbital), <b>A1.2:</b> 3, <b>A5:</b> 3)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Partial failure(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">1( <b>A5:</b> 1)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First flight</th><td class="infobox-data"><b>A1.2PP:</b> 9 July 2014<br /><b>A1.2:</b> 29 April 2022<br /><b>A5:</b> 23 December 2014</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Last flight</th><td class="infobox-data"><b>A1.2:</b> 17 September 2024<br /><b>A5:</b> 11 April 2024</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddf;">Boosters (A5) – <a href="/wiki/Universal_Rocket_Module" title="Universal Rocket Module">URM-1</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">No. boosters</th><td class="infobox-data">4 (see text)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Powered by</th><td class="infobox-data">1 <a href="/wiki/RD-191" title="RD-191">RD-191</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Maximum thrust</th><td class="infobox-data">1,920 kN (430,000 lb<sub>f</sub>) (Sea level)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Total thrust</th><td class="infobox-data">7,680 kN (1,730,000 lb<sub>f</sub>) (Sea level)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Specific_impulse" title="Specific impulse">Specific impulse</a></th><td class="infobox-data">310.7 s (3.047 km/s) (Sea level)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burn time</th><td class="infobox-data">214 seconds</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Propellant</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/RP-1" title="RP-1">RP-1</a>/<a href="/wiki/Liquid_oxygen" title="Liquid oxygen">LOX</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddf;">First stage – <a href="/wiki/Universal_Rocket_Module" title="Universal Rocket Module">URM-1</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Powered by</th><td class="infobox-data">1 <a href="/wiki/RD-191" title="RD-191">RD-191</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Maximum thrust</th><td class="infobox-data">1,920 kN (430,000 lb<sub>f</sub>) (Sea level)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Specific_impulse" title="Specific impulse">Specific impulse</a></th><td class="infobox-data">310.7 s (3.047 km/s) (Sea level)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burn time</th><td class="infobox-data"><b>Angara 1.2</b>: 214 seconds<br /><b>Angara A5</b>: 325 seconds</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Propellant</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/RP-1" title="RP-1">RP-1</a>/<a href="/wiki/Liquid_oxygen" title="Liquid oxygen">LOX</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddf;">Second stage – <a href="/wiki/Universal_Rocket_Module" title="Universal Rocket Module">URM-2</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Powered by</th><td class="infobox-data">1 <a href="/wiki/RD-0124" title="RD-0124">RD-0124</a>A</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Maximum thrust</th><td class="infobox-data">294.3 kN (66,200 lb<sub>f</sub>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Specific_impulse" title="Specific impulse">Specific impulse</a></th><td class="infobox-data">359 s (3.52 km/s)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burn time</th><td class="infobox-data"><b>Angara A5</b>: 424 seconds</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Propellant</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/RP-1" title="RP-1">RP-1</a>/<a href="/wiki/Liquid_oxygen" title="Liquid oxygen">LOX</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddf;">Third stage (A5) – <a href="/wiki/Briz_(rocket_stage)" title="Briz (rocket stage)">Briz-M</a> (optional)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Powered by</th><td class="infobox-data">1 <a href="/wiki/S5.98M" title="S5.98M">S5.98M</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Maximum thrust</th><td class="infobox-data">19.6 kN (4,400 lb<sub>f</sub>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Specific_impulse" title="Specific impulse">Specific impulse</a></th><td class="infobox-data">326 s (3.20 km/s)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burn time</th><td class="infobox-data">3,000 seconds</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Propellant</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dinitrogen_tetroxide" title="Dinitrogen tetroxide">N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub></a>/<a href="/wiki/Unsymmetrical_dimethylhydrazine" title="Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine">UDMH</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddf;">Third stage (A5) – <a href="/wiki/KVTK_(rocket_stage)" title="KVTK (rocket stage)">KVTK</a> (optional, under development)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Powered by</th><td class="infobox-data">1 <a href="/wiki/RD-0146" title="RD-0146">RD-0146</a>D</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Maximum thrust</th><td class="infobox-data">68.6 kN (15,400 lb<sub>f</sub>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Specific_impulse" title="Specific impulse">Specific impulse</a></th><td class="infobox-data">463 s (4.54 km/s)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burn time</th><td class="infobox-data">1,350 seconds</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Propellant</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Liquid_hydrogen" title="Liquid hydrogen">LH2</a>/<a href="/wiki/Liquid_oxygen" title="Liquid oxygen">LOX</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><div class="metadata" style="text-align: right;">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q530600" class="extiw" title="d:Q530600">edit on Wikidata</a>]</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Angara rocket family</b> (Russian: Ангара) is a family of <a href="/wiki/Launch_vehicle" title="Launch vehicle">launch vehicles</a> being developed by the <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Khrunichev_State_Research_and_Production_Space_Center" title="Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center">Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center</a>. The launch vehicles are to put between 3,800 kg (8,400 lb) and 24,500 kg (54,000 lb) into <a href="/wiki/Low_Earth_orbit" title="Low Earth orbit">low Earth orbit</a> and are intended, along with <a href="/wiki/Soyuz-2_(rocket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz-2 (rocket)">Soyuz-2</a> variants, to replace several existing launch vehicles. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angara_(rocket_family)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">dissolution of the Soviet Union</a>, some formerly Soviet launch vehicles required components from companies now located in <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Yuzhnoye_Design_Bureau" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuzhnoye Design Bureau">Yuzhnoye Design Bureau</a>, which produced <a href="/wiki/Zenit-2" title="Zenit-2">Zenit-2</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yuzhmash" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuzhmash">Yuzhmash</a>, which produced <a href="/wiki/Dnepr_(rocket)" title="Dnepr (rocket)">Dnepr</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tsyklon" title="Tsyklon">Tsyklon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, the Soviet Union's main spaceport, <a href="/wiki/Baikonur_Cosmodrome" title="Baikonur Cosmodrome">Baikonur Cosmodrome</a>, was located in <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>, and Russia encountered difficulties negotiating for its use.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This led to the decision in 1992 to develop a new entirely Russian launch vehicle, named Angara, to replace the launch vehicles now built outside of the country, and ensure Russian access to space without Baikonur. It was decided that this vehicle should ideally use the partially completed Zenit-2 launch pad at the Russian <a href="/wiki/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome" title="Plesetsk Cosmodrome">Plesetsk Cosmodrome</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and be able to launch military satellites into <a href="/wiki/Geosynchronous_orbit" title="Geosynchronous orbit">geosynchronous orbit</a>, which <a href="/wiki/Proton_(rocket_family)" title="Proton (rocket family)">Proton</a> could not due to lack of a launch pad at Plesetsk Cosmodrome. Several companies submitted bids for the new launch vehicle, and in 1994 <a href="/wiki/Khrunichev_State_Research_and_Production_Space_Center" title="Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center">Khrunichev</a>, the developer of Proton, was selected as the winner. The commercial success of Proton over the next two decades would be an advantage to Khrunichev, as the Angara project immediately ran into funding difficulties from the cash-strapped Russian government.<sup id="cite_ref-observer_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-observer-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Khrunichev's initial design called for the use of a modified <a href="/wiki/RD-170" title="RD-170">RD-170</a> for first stage propulsion and a liquid hydrogen powered second stage. By 1997, the hydrogen-powered second stage had been abandoned in favor of kerosene, and the RD-170 was replaced with a modular design which would be powered by the new <a href="/wiki/RD-191" title="RD-191">RD-191</a>, a one-chamber engine derived from the four-chamber RD-170. In late 1997, Khrunichev was given approval from the Russian government to proceed with their new design, which would both be able to replace the <a href="/wiki/Intercontinental_ballistic_missile" title="Intercontinental ballistic missile">ICBM</a>-based Dnepr, <a href="/wiki/Tsyklon" title="Tsyklon">Tsyklon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rokot" title="Rokot">Rokot</a> with its smaller variants, as well as be able to launch satellites into <a href="/wiki/Geostationary_orbit" title="Geostationary orbit">geostationary orbit</a> from Plesetsk with the Proton-class Angara A5.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 2004, the design of Angara had taken shape and the project proceeded with development of the launchers. In 2008, <a href="/wiki/NPO_Energomash" title="NPO Energomash">NPO Energomash</a>, the builder of the <a href="/wiki/RD-191" title="RD-191">RD-191</a>, reported that the engine had completed development and burn tests and was ready for manufacturing and delivery,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in January 2009 the first completed Angara first stage was delivered to Khrunichev.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The next year <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Nesterov" title="Vladimir Nesterov">Vladimir Nesterov</a>, Director-General of Khrunichev, announced that the first flight test of Angara would be scheduled for 2013,<sup id="cite_ref-nesterov_marker_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nesterov_marker-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 2013 the first prototype Angara launch vehicle arrived in Plesetsk.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2014, 22 years after Angara's original conception, the first launch took place on 9 July 2014, an Angara 1.2PP <a href="/wiki/Suborbital_spaceflight" class="mw-redirect" title="Suborbital spaceflight">suborbital</a> <a href="/wiki/Flight_test" title="Flight test">test flight</a> from the northern Plesetsk Cosmodrome.<sup id="cite_ref-sfn-20140709_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sfn-20140709-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Guardian-maiden_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian-maiden-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBC20140709_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC20140709-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 23 December 2014, Angara A5's first test flight was performed, launching it into geosynchronous orbit.<sup id="cite_ref-RIA_Novosti_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RIA_Novosti-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 2020, it was reported that the first Angara Launching Pad was completed and would be transported to Vostochny Cosmodrome.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 14 December 2020, 6 years after the first test flight, Angara-A5's second test flight took place from Plesetsk.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Roscosmos</a> chief <a href="/wiki/Dmitriy_Rogozin" class="mw-redirect" title="Dmitriy Rogozin">Dmitriy Rogozin</a> speaking about future plans after the launch in December 2020, two more Angara launches were coming in 2021: an Angara-1.2 and an Angara-A5 with a new booster, Persei.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only the launch of Angara-A5 with Persei upper stage ended up happening in 2021. The maiden flight of Angara 1.2 happened on 29 April 2022. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vehicle_description">Vehicle description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angara_(rocket_family)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Vehicle description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Angara_missiles.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Angara_missiles.jpg/220px-Angara_missiles.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Angara_missiles.jpg/330px-Angara_missiles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Angara_missiles.jpg/440px-Angara_missiles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1712" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Angara mock-ups at the <a href="/wiki/MAKS_Airshow" class="mw-redirect" title="MAKS Airshow">MAKS 2009 airshow</a> near Moscow</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="URM-1:_first_stage_and_boosters">URM-1: first stage and boosters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angara_(rocket_family)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: URM-1: first stage and boosters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Universal_Rocket_Module" title="Universal Rocket Module">Universal Rocket Module</a> (URM-1) forms the core of every Angara vehicle. In the Angara A5, four additional URM-1s act as boosters. Each URM-1 is powered by a single NPO Energomash RD-191 burning <a href="/wiki/Liquid_oxygen" title="Liquid oxygen">liquid oxygen</a> and <a href="/wiki/RP-1" title="RP-1">RP-1</a> (kerosene).<sup id="cite_ref-khru_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-khru-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The RD-191 is a single-chamber engine derived from the four-chamber <a href="/wiki/RD-170" title="RD-170">RD-170</a>, originally developed for the boosters powering the <a href="/wiki/Energia_(rocket)" title="Energia (rocket)">Energia</a> launch vehicle. <a href="/wiki/Zenit_(rocket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zenit (rocket)">Zenit</a>'s four-chamber <a href="/wiki/RD-171" class="mw-redirect" title="RD-171">RD-171</a> and the dual-chamber <a href="/wiki/RD-180" title="RD-180">RD-180</a> powering <a href="/wiki/United_Launch_Alliance" title="United Launch Alliance">ULA</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Atlas_V" title="Atlas V">Atlas V</a> are also derivatives of the RD-170, as is the <a href="/wiki/RD-193" title="RD-193">RD-193</a> proposed as a replacement for the 1970s-era <a href="/wiki/NK-33" title="NK-33">NK-33</a> powering the first stage of the <a href="/wiki/Soyuz-2-1v" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz-2-1v">Soyuz 2.1v</a>. The RD-191 is capable of throttling down to at least 30%, allowing core URM-1 stages to conserve propellant until booster URM-1 separation.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The URM-1 consists of a liquid oxygen tank at the top, followed by an intertank structure containing flight control and telemetry equipment, with the kerosene tank below that. At the base of the module is a propulsion bay containing engine gimballing equipment for vehicle pitch and yaw and thrusters for roll control.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="URM-2:_second_stage">URM-2: second stage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angara_(rocket_family)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: URM-2: second stage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The second stage of the Angara, designated URM-2, uses one <a href="/wiki/Chemical_Automatics_Design_Bureau" title="Chemical Automatics Design Bureau">KBKhA</a> <a href="/wiki/RD-0124A" class="mw-redirect" title="RD-0124A">RD-0124A</a> engine also burning liquid oxygen and kerosene. The RD-0124A is nearly identical to the <a href="/wiki/RD-0124" title="RD-0124">RD-0124</a> currently powering the second stage of <a href="/wiki/Soyuz-2_(rocket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz-2 (rocket)">Soyuz-2</a>, designated Block I. The URM-2 has a diameter of 3.6 m (12 ft) for the Angara A5 and other proposed variants. The Angara 1.2 will<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (May 2023)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> fly a smaller RD-0124A-powered second stage, which may be 2.66 m (8 ft 9 in) to maintain commonality with Block I<sup id="cite_ref-:0_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or widened to 2.9 m (9 ft 6 in) to maintain a consistent diameter with URM-1.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The text near this tag is dated. (January 2015)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Upper_stages_(after_2nd)"><span id="Upper_stages_.28after_2nd.29"></span>Upper stages (after 2nd)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angara_(rocket_family)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Upper stages (after 2nd)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Angara 1.2 will not use an upper stage, nor will Angara A5 when delivering payloads to low orbits.<sup id="cite_ref-khru_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-khru-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For higher energy orbits such as <a href="/wiki/Geostationary_transfer_orbit" title="Geostationary transfer orbit">GTO</a>, Angara A5 will use the <a href="/wiki/Briz_(rocket_stage)" title="Briz (rocket stage)">Briz-M</a> upper stage (currently used for the <a href="/wiki/Proton-M" title="Proton-M">Proton-M</a> rocket), powered by one <a href="/wiki/S5.98M" title="S5.98M">S5.98M</a> burning <a href="/wiki/Dinitrogen_tetroxide" title="Dinitrogen tetroxide">N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub></a> and <a href="/wiki/Unsymmetrical_dimethylhydrazine" title="Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine">UDMH</a>, or eventually a new cryogenic upper stage, the <a href="/wiki/KVTK_(rocket_stage)" title="KVTK (rocket stage)">KVTK</a>. This stage will use the <a href="/wiki/Liquid_hydrogen" title="Liquid hydrogen">LH2</a>/<a href="/wiki/Liquid_oxygen" title="Liquid oxygen">LOX</a> powered RD-0146D and allow Angara A5 to bring up to two tonnes more mass to GTO.<sup id="cite_ref-khru_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-khru-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Blok_D" title="Blok D">Blok D</a> is being considered as an upper stage when launched from <a href="/wiki/Vostochny_Cosmodrome" title="Vostochny Cosmodrome">Vostochny</a> since it will avoid the toxic propellant of the Briz-M.<sup id="cite_ref-rsw-angara5_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rsw-angara5-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variants">Variants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angara_(rocket_family)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%22Angara%22_launch_vehicles_model_series_on_MAKS-2021.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/%22Angara%22_launch_vehicles_model_series_on_MAKS-2021.jpg/300px-%22Angara%22_launch_vehicles_model_series_on_MAKS-2021.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/%22Angara%22_launch_vehicles_model_series_on_MAKS-2021.jpg/450px-%22Angara%22_launch_vehicles_model_series_on_MAKS-2021.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/%22Angara%22_launch_vehicles_model_series_on_MAKS-2021.jpg/600px-%22Angara%22_launch_vehicles_model_series_on_MAKS-2021.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4896" data-file-height="2752" /></a><figcaption>From the left: Angara A5V, Proton M, Angara A5, Angara A3 and Angara A1 on <a href="/wiki/MAKS_(air_show)" title="MAKS (air show)">MAKS</a> 2021</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Angara_1.2">Angara 1.2</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angara_(rocket_family)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Angara 1.2"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Angara-1.2" title="Angara-1.2">Angara-1.2</a></div> <p>The smallest Angara is the Angara 1.2, which consists of one URM-1 core and a modified Block I second stage. It has a lift-off mass of 171 tonnes and can deliver 3.8 tonnes of payload to a 200 km (120 mi) x 60° orbit.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The successful maiden launch of Angara 1.2 took place 29 April 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Angara_1.2pp">Angara 1.2pp</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angara_(rocket_family)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Angara 1.2pp"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Angara-1.2pp" title="Angara-1.2pp">Angara-1.2pp</a></div> <p>A modified Angara 1.2, called Angara 1.2PP (<i>Angara-1.2 pervyy polyot</i>, meaning <i>Angara-1.2 first flight</i>), made Angara's inaugural suborbital flight on 9 July 2014. This flight lasted 22 minutes and carried a mass simulator weighing 1,430 kg (3,150 lb).<sup id="cite_ref-ksrpl_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ksrpl-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Angara 1.2PP weighed 171,000 kg (377,000 lb) and consisted of a URM-1 core stage and a partially fueled 3.6 m (12 ft)-diameter URM-2, allowing each of the major components of Angara A5 to be flight tested before that version's first <a href="/wiki/Orbital_spaceflight" title="Orbital spaceflight">orbital</a> launch, conducted on 23 December 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-RIA_Novosti_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RIA_Novosti-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Angara_A5">Angara A5</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angara_(rocket_family)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Angara A5"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Angara_A5" title="Angara A5">Angara A5</a></div> <p>The second Angara developed was the <a href="/wiki/Heavy_lift_launch_vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Heavy lift launch vehicle">heavy lift launch vehicle</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Angara_A5" title="Angara A5">Angara A5</a>, which consists of one URM-1 core and four URM-1 boosters, a 3.6 m (12 ft) URM-2 second stage, and an upper stage, either the <a href="/wiki/Briz_(rocket_stage)" title="Briz (rocket stage)">Briz-M</a> or the <a href="/wiki/KVTK_(rocket_stage)" title="KVTK (rocket stage)">KVTK</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-khru_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-khru-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Weighing 773 tonnes at lift-off, Angara A5 has a payload capacity of 24.5 tonnes to a 200 km (120 mi) x 60° orbit. Angara A5 is able to deliver 5.4 tonnes to <a href="/wiki/Geostationary_transfer_orbit" title="Geostationary transfer orbit">GTO</a> with Briz-M, or 7.5 tonnes to the same orbit with KVTK.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the Angara A5, the four URM-1s used as boosters operate at full thrust for approximately 214 seconds, then separate. The URM-1 forming the vehicle's core is operated at full thrust for lift off, then throttled down to 30% to conserve propellant. The core is throttled back up after the boosters have separated and continues burning for another 110 seconds.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first Angara A5 test flight was launched on 23 December 2014. The second test flight was launched on 14 December 2020 from Plesetsk.<sup id="cite_ref-SFN20201212_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFN20201212-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A third test flight was launched on 27 December 2021, also from Plesetsk. However, the test of <a href="/wiki/Blok_DM-03" title="Blok DM-03">Persei</a> upper stage failed and the payload did not make it from LEO to GEO.<sup id="cite_ref-SD20211228_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SD20211228-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Proposed_versions">Proposed versions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angara_(rocket_family)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Proposed versions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Angara_1.1">Angara 1.1</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angara_(rocket_family)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Angara 1.1"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Initial plans called for an even smaller Angara 1.1 using a <a href="/wiki/Briz_(rocket_stage)" title="Briz (rocket stage)">Briz-KM</a> as a second stage, with a payload capacity of 2 tonnes. This version was cancelled as it fell into the same payload class as the <a href="/wiki/Soyuz-2-1v" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz-2-1v">Soyuz 2.1v</a>, which made its debut flight in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Angara_A3">Angara A3</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angara_(rocket_family)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Angara A3"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Angara A3 would consist of one URM-1 core, two URM-1 boosters, the 3.6m URM-2, and an optional Briz-M or hydrogen powered upper stage for high energy orbits. The hydrogen powered stage for this vehicle, called RCAF would be smaller than the Angara A5's KVTK. This vehicle has no current plans for use (14.6 tonnes to 200 km x 60°, 2.4 tonnes to GTO with Briz-M or 3.6 tonnes with a hydrogen upper stage),<sup id="cite_ref-:1_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but could be developed as a replacement for Zenit.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Angara_A5P">Angara A5P</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angara_(rocket_family)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Angara A5P"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Patriot_Park_in_Kubinka_(2015-06-19)_09.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Patriot_Park_in_Kubinka_%282015-06-19%29_09.JPG/170px-Patriot_Park_in_Kubinka_%282015-06-19%29_09.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Patriot_Park_in_Kubinka_%282015-06-19%29_09.JPG/255px-Patriot_Park_in_Kubinka_%282015-06-19%29_09.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Patriot_Park_in_Kubinka_%282015-06-19%29_09.JPG/340px-Patriot_Park_in_Kubinka_%282015-06-19%29_09.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3168" data-file-height="4752" /></a><figcaption>A5P</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Khrunichev_State_Research_and_Production_Space_Center" title="Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center">Khrunichev</a> has proposed an Angara A5 capable of launching a new crewed spacecraft weighing up to 18 tonnes: the Angara 5P. This version would have 4 URM-1s as boosters surrounding a sustainer core URM-1 but lack a second stage, relying on the spacecraft to complete orbital insertion from a slightly suborbital trajectory, much like the <a href="/wiki/Buran_(spacecraft)" title="Buran (spacecraft)">Buran</a> or <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a>. This has the advantage of allowing all engines to be lit and checked out while on the ground, eliminating the possibility of an engine failing to start after staging. The RD-191 engines may also be operated at reduced thrust to improve safety.<sup id="cite_ref-observer_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-observer-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Angara_A5V">Angara A5V</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angara_(rocket_family)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Angara A5V"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Khrunichev has proposed an upgraded Angara A5 variant with a new big hydrogen-based upper stage (URM-2V) as replacement for URM-2 and upgraded engine thrust on the URM-1 stages. The thrust up the URM-1 boosters would be 10% higher during the first 40 seconds to allow good thrust/weight ratio even with the URM-2 replaced with the heavier URM-2V. Cross-feed and even more powerful RD-195 engines for the URM-1 are also considered. The capacity of A5V is supposed to be around 35-40 tonnes to LEO depending on final configuration.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Angara_A7">Angara A7</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angara_(rocket_family)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Angara A7"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Proposals exist for a heavier Angara A7, weighing 1133 tonnes and capable of putting 35 tonnes into a 200 km (120 mi) x 60° orbit, or delivering 12.5 tonnes to GTO with an enlarged KVTK-A7 as a second stage in place of the URM-2.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_24-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are no current plans to develop this vehicle as it would require a larger core URM-1 to carry more propellant and would have to await the development of the hydrogen powered engine for KVTK. The Angara A7 would also require a different launch pad.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Angara-100">Angara-100</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angara_(rocket_family)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Angara-100"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Angara-100 was a 2005 proposal by Khrunichev to build a heavy-lift launch vehicle for NASA's <a href="/wiki/Vision_for_Space_Exploration" title="Vision for Space Exploration">Vision for Space Exploration</a>. The rocket would consist of four <a href="/wiki/RD-170" title="RD-170">RD-170</a>-powered boosters, an <a href="/wiki/RD-180" title="RD-180">RD-180</a>-powered core stage, and a cryogenic upper stage using a modified Energia <a href="/wiki/RD-0120" title="RD-0120">RD-0120</a> engine, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=RD-0122&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RD-0122 (page does not exist)">RD-0122</a>. Its payload capacity to LEO would be in excess of 100 tons.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Baikal">Baikal</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angara_(rocket_family)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Baikal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Together with <a href="/wiki/NPO_Molniya" title="NPO Molniya">NPO Molniya</a>, Khrunichev has also proposed a reusable URM-1 booster named <a href="/wiki/Baikal_(rocket_booster)" title="Baikal (rocket booster)">Baikal</a>. The URM-1 would be fitted with a wing, an <a href="/wiki/Empennage" title="Empennage">empennage</a>, a landing gear, a return flight engine and <a href="/wiki/Spacecraft_attitude_control" title="Spacecraft attitude control">attitude control</a> thrusters, to enable the rocket booster to return to an airfield after completing its mission.<sup id="cite_ref-khru_baikal_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-khru_baikal-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specifications">Specifications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angara_(rocket_family)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Specifications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Active">Active</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angara_(rocket_family)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Active"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:#eee;"> <th>Version </th> <th>Angara 1.2 </th> <th>Angara A5 </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center">Booster </td> <td align="center">N/A </td> <td align="center">4 x <a href="/wiki/Universal_Rocket_Module" title="Universal Rocket Module">URM-1</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">First stage </td> <td align="center">1 x URM-1 </td> <td align="center">1 x URM-1 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">Second stage </td> <td align="center">Modified Block I </td> <td align="center">URM-2 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">Third stage (not used for <a href="/wiki/Low_Earth_orbit" title="Low Earth orbit">LEO</a>) </td> <td align="center">– </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Briz_(rocket_stage)" title="Briz (rocket stage)">Briz-M</a>/<a href="/wiki/Blok_DM-03" title="Blok DM-03">Blok DM-03</a>/<a href="/wiki/KVTK_(rocket_stage)" title="KVTK (rocket stage)">KVTK</a><sup id="cite_ref-khrunichev_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-khrunichev-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">Thrust (at sea level) </td> <td align="center">1.92 <a href="/wiki/Meganewton" class="mw-redirect" title="Meganewton">MN</a> </td> <td align="center">9.61 MN </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">Launch weight </td> <td align="center">171.5 t </td> <td align="center">759 t </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">Height (maximal) </td> <td align="center">41.5 m </td> <td align="center">55.4 m </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">Payload (<a href="/wiki/Low_Earth_orbit" title="Low Earth orbit">LEO</a> 200 km) </td> <td align="center">3.8 t </td> <td align="center">24.5 t </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">Payload (<a href="/wiki/Geostationary_transfer_orbit" title="Geostationary transfer orbit">GTO</a>) </td> <td align="center">– </td> <td align="center">5.4/7.5 t </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">Payload (<a href="/wiki/Geostationary_orbit" title="Geostationary orbit">GEO</a>) </td> <td align="center">– </td> <td align="center">3/4.6 t </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cancelled_or_proposed">Cancelled or proposed</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angara_(rocket_family)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Cancelled or proposed"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:#eee;"> <th>Version </th> <th>Angara 1.1 <p>(Cancelled) </p> </th> <th>Angara A3 <p>(Proposed) </p> </th> <th>Angara A5P <p>(Proposed) </p> </th> <th>Angara A5V <p>(Proposed) </p> </th> <th>Angara A7 <p>(Proposed) </p> </th> <th>Angara A7.2B <p>(Proposed) <sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center">Boosters </td> <td align="center">N/A </td> <td align="center">2 x <a href="/wiki/Universal_Rocket_Module" title="Universal Rocket Module">URM-1</a> </td> <td align="center">4 x URM-1 </td> <td align="center">4 x URM-1 </td> <td align="center">6 x URM-1 </td> <td align="center">6 x URM-1 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">First stage </td> <td align="center">1 x URM-1 </td> <td align="center">1 x URM-1 </td> <td align="center">1 x URM-1 </td> <td align="center">1 x URM-1 </td> <td align="center">1 x URM-1 </td> <td align="center">1 x URM-1 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">Second stage </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Briz_(rocket_stage)" title="Briz (rocket stage)">Briz-KM</a> </td> <td align="center">Modified Block I </td> <td align="center">– </td> <td align="center">URM-2V </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/KVTK_(rocket_stage)#KVTK-A7" title="KVTK (rocket stage)">KVTK-A7</a><sup id="cite_ref-khrunichev_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-khrunichev-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="center">URM-2 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">Third stage (not used for <a href="/wiki/Low_Earth_orbit" title="Low Earth orbit">LEO</a>) </td> <td align="center">– </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Briz_(rocket_stage)" title="Briz (rocket stage)">Briz-M</a>/<a href="/wiki/KVTK_(rocket_stage)" title="KVTK (rocket stage)">RCAF</a><sup id="cite_ref-khrunichev_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-khrunichev-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Blok_DM-03" title="Blok DM-03">Blok DM-03</a>/<a href="/wiki/KVTK_(rocket_stage)" title="KVTK (rocket stage)">KVTK</a> </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">KVTK2-А7В </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">Thrust (at sea level) </td> <td align="center">1.92 <a href="/wiki/Meganewton" class="mw-redirect" title="Meganewton">MN</a> </td> <td align="center">5.77 MN </td> <td align="center">9.61 MN </td> <td align="center">10.57 MN </td> <td align="center">13.44 MN </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">Launch weight </td> <td align="center">149 t </td> <td align="center">481 t </td> <td align="center">713 t </td> <td align="center">815 - 821 t </td> <td align="center">1133 t </td> <td align="center">1323 t </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">Height (maximal) </td> <td align="center">34.9 m </td> <td align="center">45.8 m </td> <td align="center">? </td> <td align="center">? </td> <td align="center">? </td> <td align="center">65,7 m </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">Payload (<a href="/wiki/Low_Earth_orbit" title="Low Earth orbit">LEO</a> 200 km) </td> <td align="center">2.0 t </td> <td align="center">14.6 t </td> <td align="center">18.0 t </td> <td align="center">35 - 40 t </td> <td align="center">35 t </td> <td align="center">50 t </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">Payload (<a href="/wiki/Geostationary_transfer_orbit" title="Geostationary transfer orbit">GTO</a>) </td> <td align="center">– </td> <td align="center">2.4/3.6 t </td> <td align="center">– </td> <td align="center">11.9 - 13.3 t </td> <td align="center">12.5 t </td> <td align="center">19 t </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">Payload (<a href="/wiki/Geostationary_orbit" title="Geostationary orbit">GEO</a>) </td> <td align="center">– </td> <td align="center">1.0/2.0 t </td> <td align="center">– </td> <td align="center">7.2 - 8 t </td> <td align="center">7.6 t </td> <td align="center">11.4 t </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Testing_and_manufacturing">Testing and manufacturing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angara_(rocket_family)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Testing and manufacturing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The production of the Universal Rocket Modules and the Briz-M upper stages will take place at the Khrunichev subsidiary <a href="/wiki/Production_Corporation_Polyot" title="Production Corporation Polyot">Production Corporation Polyot</a> in <a href="/wiki/Omsk" title="Omsk">Omsk</a>. In 2009, Polyot invested over 771.4 million RUB (about US$25 million) in Angara production lines.<sup id="cite_ref-observer_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-observer-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Design and testing of the RD-191 engine was done by <a href="/wiki/NPO_Energomash" title="NPO Energomash">NPO Energomash</a>, while its mass production will take place at the company <a href="/wiki/Proton-PM" title="Proton-PM">Proton-PM</a> in <a href="/wiki/Perm,_Russia" title="Perm, Russia">Perm, Russia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-observer_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-observer-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Launches">Launches</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angara_(rocket_family)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Launches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Facilities">Facilities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angara_(rocket_family)&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Facilities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Angara will primarily be launched from the <a href="/wiki/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome" title="Plesetsk Cosmodrome">Plesetsk Cosmodrome</a>. Beginning in 2020, as of 2014<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Angara_(rocket_family)&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, plans called for it to also be launched from the <a href="/wiki/Vostochny_Cosmodrome" title="Vostochny Cosmodrome">Vostochny Cosmodrome</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rsw20141114_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rsw20141114-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This would have allowed the phase out of Proton, a rocket whose operation at <a href="/wiki/Baikonur_Cosmodrome" title="Baikonur Cosmodrome">Baikonur Cosmodrome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> has been objected to due to its use of large amounts of highly toxic <a href="/wiki/Unsymmetrical_dimethylhydrazine" title="Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine">UDMH</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dinitrogen_tetroxide" title="Dinitrogen tetroxide">N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub></a> and reliability issues.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The text near this tag is dated. (July 2021)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Launch_history">Launch history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angara_(rocket_family)&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Launch history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="3" colspan="2" width="14%" style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;">Date/time (UTC) </th> <th>Configuration </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Serial_number" title="Serial number">Serial number</a> </th> <th>Launch pad </th> <th>Outcome </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#e3e9e9;"><b>Payload</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#e3e9e9;"><b>Separation orbit</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#e3e9e9;"><b>Operator</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#e3e9e9;"><b>Function</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#e4dfdf;border-bottom:2px solid grey;"><b>Remarks</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" colspan="2" style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;">9 July 2014<br />12:00 <a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;"><a href="/wiki/Angara-1.2pp" title="Angara-1.2pp">Angara 1.2PP</a> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;">71601 </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;"><a href="/wiki/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome" title="Plesetsk Cosmodrome">Plesetsk Cosmodrome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome_Site_35" title="Plesetsk Cosmodrome Site 35">Site 35</a> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;">Success </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#e8eeee"> <td>1,430 kg (3,150 lb) <a href="/wiki/Boilerplate_(spaceflight)" title="Boilerplate (spaceflight)">mass simulator</a><sup id="cite_ref-ksrpl_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ksrpl-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Suborbital </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Roscosmos</a> </td> <td>Suborbital test flight </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#e9e4e4;">Non-standard Angara 1.2PP allowed flight testing of both URM-1 and URM-2 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" colspan="2" style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;">23 December 2014<br />05:57 UTC </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;"><a href="/wiki/Angara_A5" title="Angara A5">Angara A5</a> / <a href="/wiki/Briz_(rocket_stage)" title="Briz (rocket stage)">Briz-M</a> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;">71751 </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;"><a href="/wiki/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome" title="Plesetsk Cosmodrome">Plesetsk Cosmodrome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome_Site_35" title="Plesetsk Cosmodrome Site 35">Site 35</a> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;">Success </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#e8eeee"> <td>2,000 kg (4,400 lb) <a href="/wiki/Boilerplate_(spaceflight)" title="Boilerplate (spaceflight)">mass simulator</a> (MGM n°1) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Low_Earth_orbit" title="Low Earth orbit">Low Earth orbit</a><sup id="cite_ref-RIA_Novosti_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RIA_Novosti-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Roscosmos</a> </td> <td>Orbital test flight No.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#e9e4e4;">Maiden flight of Angara A5, mass simulator intentionally not separated from Briz-M upper stage<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" colspan="2" style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;">14 December 2020<br />05:50 UTC <sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;"><a href="/wiki/Angara_A5" title="Angara A5">Angara A5</a> / <a href="/wiki/Briz_(rocket_stage)" title="Briz (rocket stage)">Briz-M</a> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;">71752 </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;"><a href="/wiki/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome" title="Plesetsk Cosmodrome">Plesetsk Cosmodrome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome_Site_35" title="Plesetsk Cosmodrome Site 35">Site 35/1</a> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;">Success </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#e8eeee"> <td>2,400 kg (5,300 lb) <a href="/wiki/Boilerplate_(spaceflight)" title="Boilerplate (spaceflight)">mass simulator</a> (MGM n°2) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Geosynchronous_orbit" title="Geosynchronous orbit">Geosynchronous</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Roscosmos</a> </td> <td>Orbital test flight No.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#e9e4e4;">Second orbital test flight </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" colspan="2" style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;">27 December 2021<br />19:00:00 UTC<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;"><a href="/wiki/Angara_A5" title="Angara A5">Angara A5</a> / <a href="/wiki/Blok_DM-03" title="Blok DM-03">Persei</a> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;">71753 </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;"><a href="/wiki/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome" title="Plesetsk Cosmodrome">Plesetsk Cosmodrome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome_Site_35" title="Plesetsk Cosmodrome Site 35">Site 35/1</a> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;">Partial Failure </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#e8eeee"> <td>5,400 kg (11,900 lb) <a href="/wiki/Boilerplate_(spaceflight)" title="Boilerplate (spaceflight)">mass simulator</a> (MGM n°3) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Supersynchronous_orbit#Geocentric_supersynchronous_orbits" title="Supersynchronous orbit">Geocentric supersynchronous</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Russia)" title="Ministry of Defence (Russia)">Ministry of Defence</a> </td> <td>Orbital test flight No.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#e9e4e4;">First flight test of the Persei upper stage, a Blok DM-03 upper stage variant for Angara. Last of the three demonstration flights planned. Upper stage failed to restart for 2nd burn, leaving upper stage and payload in low Earth orbit. They decayed from orbit in a fortnight. </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" colspan="2" style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;">29 April 2022<br />19:55:22<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;"><a href="/wiki/Angara_1.2" class="mw-redirect" title="Angara 1.2">Angara 1.2</a> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;">71602 </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;"><a href="/wiki/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome" title="Plesetsk Cosmodrome">Plesetsk Cosmodrome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome_Site_35" title="Plesetsk Cosmodrome Site 35">Site 35/1</a> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;">Failure of Kosmos-2555 to reach stable orbit<sup id="cite_ref-ibt20220517_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ibt20220517-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#e8eeee"> <td>EO MKA №2 (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Kosmos_satellites_(2501%E2%80%932750)" title="List of Kosmos satellites (2501–2750)">Kosmos-2555</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sun-synchronous_orbit" title="Sun-synchronous orbit">SSO</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russian_Aerospace_Forces" title="Russian Aerospace Forces">VKS</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance_satellite" title="Reconnaissance satellite">Reconnaissance</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#e9e4e4;">Maiden flight of Angara 1.2. No orbit-raising activities were detected from Kosmos-2555 following deployment, indicating a possible spacecraft failure. Re-entered May 18, 2022 after not making any attempt to raise its orbit.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" colspan="2" style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;">15 October 2022<br />19:55:15<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;"><a href="/wiki/Angara_1.2" class="mw-redirect" title="Angara 1.2">Angara 1.2</a> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;">71603 </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;"><a href="/wiki/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome" title="Plesetsk Cosmodrome">Plesetsk Cosmodrome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome_Site_35" title="Plesetsk Cosmodrome Site 35">Site 35/1</a> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;">Success </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#e8eeee"> <td>EO MKA №3 (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Kosmos_satellites_(2501%E2%80%932750)" title="List of Kosmos satellites (2501–2750)">Kosmos-2560</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sun-synchronous_orbit" title="Sun-synchronous orbit">SSO</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russian_Aerospace_Forces" title="Russian Aerospace Forces">VKS</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance_satellite" title="Reconnaissance satellite">Reconnaissance</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#e9e4e4;">Kosmos 2560 decayed from orbit 10 Dec 2022 01:54 UTC, also quite soon after launch. Some suspect this was due to spacecraft failure.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" colspan="2" style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;">11 April 2024<br />09:00<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;"><a href="/wiki/Angara_A5" title="Angara A5">Angara A5</a> / <a href="/wiki/Blok_DM-03" title="Blok DM-03">Orion</a> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;"> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;"><a href="/wiki/Vostochny_Cosmodrome" title="Vostochny Cosmodrome">Vostochny Cosmodrome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vostochny_Cosmodrome_Site_1A" title="Vostochny Cosmodrome Site 1A">Site 1A</a> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;">Success </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#e8eeee"> <td>No Payload(Mass simulator) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Geostationary_orbit" title="Geostationary orbit">GEO</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Roscosmos</a> </td> <td>Orbital test flight No.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#e9e4e4;">First flight of the <a href="/wiki/Angara_A5" title="Angara A5">Angara A5</a> from <a href="/wiki/Vostochny_Cosmodrome" title="Vostochny Cosmodrome">Vostochny Cosmodrome</a> (Vostochny Angara Test Flight). </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;">17 September 2024<br />07:01<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;"><a href="/wiki/Angara_1.2" class="mw-redirect" title="Angara 1.2">Angara 1.2</a> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;">TBD </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;"><a href="/wiki/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome" title="Plesetsk Cosmodrome">Plesetsk Cosmodrome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome_Site_35" title="Plesetsk Cosmodrome Site 35">Site 35/1</a> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;">Success </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#e8eeee"> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kosmos_satellites_(2501%E2%80%932750)" title="List of Kosmos satellites (2501–2750)">Kosmos-2577</a><br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kosmos_satellites_(2501%E2%80%932750)" title="List of Kosmos satellites (2501–2750)">Kosmos-2578</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sun-synchronous_orbit" title="Sun-synchronous orbit">SSO</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russian_Aerospace_Forces" title="Russian Aerospace Forces">VKS</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance_satellite" title="Reconnaissance satellite">Reconnaissance</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="6" style="background: silver; padding-left: 1em; font-weight: bold;"> <p>Future Launches </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" colspan="2" style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;">Q4 2024<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;"><a href="/wiki/Angara_A5" title="Angara A5">Angara A5</a>M </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;"> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;"><a href="/wiki/Vostochny_Cosmodrome" title="Vostochny Cosmodrome">Vostochny Cosmodrome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vostochny_Cosmodrome_Site_1A" title="Vostochny Cosmodrome Site 1A">Site 1A</a> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;">TBD </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#e8eeee"> <td>TBD </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Low_Earth_Orbit" class="mw-redirect" title="Low Earth Orbit">LEO</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Roscosmos</a> </td> <td>TBD </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#e9e4e4;">First flight of the Angara A5M. </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;">2024<sup id="cite_ref-reshetnev-luch_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reshetnev-luch-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;"><a href="/wiki/Angara_A5" title="Angara A5">Angara A5</a> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;"> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;"><a href="/wiki/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome" title="Plesetsk Cosmodrome">Plesetsk Cosmodrome</a> or <a href="/wiki/Vostochny_Cosmodrome" title="Vostochny Cosmodrome">Vostochny Cosmodrome</a> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;">TBD </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#e8eeee"> <td><a href="/wiki/Luch_(satellite)" title="Luch (satellite)">Luch</a>-5VM </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Geosynchronous_orbit" title="Geosynchronous orbit">Geosynchronous</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gonets_Satellite_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Gonets Satellite System">Gonets Satellite System</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Communications_satellite" title="Communications satellite">Communications</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;">2025<sup id="cite_ref-reshetnev-luch_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reshetnev-luch-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;"><a href="/wiki/Angara_A5" title="Angara A5">Angara A5</a> / <a href="/wiki/Blok_DM-03" title="Blok DM-03">DM-03</a> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;"> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;"><a href="/wiki/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome" title="Plesetsk Cosmodrome">Plesetsk Cosmodrome</a> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;">TBD </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#e8eeee"> <td><a href="/wiki/Luch_(satellite)" title="Luch (satellite)">Luch</a>-5M 1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Geosynchronous_orbit" title="Geosynchronous orbit">Geosynchronous</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gonets_Satellite_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Gonets Satellite System">Gonets Satellite System</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Communications_satellite" title="Communications satellite">Communications</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" colspan="2" style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;">2027<sup id="cite_ref-tass-20230124_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tass-20230124-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;"><a href="/wiki/Angara_A5" title="Angara A5">Angara A5</a>M </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;"> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;"><a href="/wiki/Vostochny_Cosmodrome" title="Vostochny Cosmodrome">Vostochny Cosmodrome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vostochny_Cosmodrome_Site_1A" title="Vostochny Cosmodrome Site 1A">Site 1A</a> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;">TBD </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#e8eeee"> <td><a href="/wiki/NEM-1" class="mw-redirect" title="NEM-1">NEM-1</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Low_Earth_Orbit" class="mw-redirect" title="Low Earth Orbit">LEO</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sun-synchronous_orbit" title="Sun-synchronous orbit">SSO</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Roscosmos</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orbital_Service_Station" title="Russian Orbital Service Station">Russian Orbital Service Station</a> (ROSS) Core Module </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#e9e4e4;">Originally intended for launch to the International Space Station. Now intended to go into a Sun-Synchronous Orbit at 98 degrees. </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;">Q4 2028<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;"><a href="/wiki/Angara_A5" title="Angara A5">Angara A5</a> / <a href="/wiki/Blok_DM-03" title="Blok DM-03">DM-03</a> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;"> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;"><a href="/wiki/Vostochny_Cosmodrome" title="Vostochny Cosmodrome">Vostochny Cosmodrome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vostochny_Cosmodrome_Site_1A" title="Vostochny Cosmodrome Site 1A">Site 1A</a> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;">TBD </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#e8eeee"> <td><a href="/wiki/Spektr-UV" title="Spektr-UV">Spektr-UV</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Inclined_geosynchronous_orbit" class="mw-redirect" title="Inclined geosynchronous orbit">IGSO</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Roscosmos</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet" title="Ultraviolet">Ultraviolet</a> <a href="/wiki/Space_telescope" title="Space telescope">space telescope</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" colspan="2" style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;">2028<sup id="cite_ref-kp-20230815_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kp-20230815-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;"><a href="/wiki/Angara_A5" title="Angara A5">Angara A5</a> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;"> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;"><a href="/wiki/Vostochny_Cosmodrome" title="Vostochny Cosmodrome">Vostochny Cosmodrome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vostochny_Cosmodrome_Site_1A" title="Vostochny Cosmodrome Site 1A">Site 1A</a> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;">TBD </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#e8eeee"> <td><a href="/wiki/Orel_(spacecraft)" title="Orel (spacecraft)">Orel</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Low_Earth_Orbit" class="mw-redirect" title="Low Earth Orbit">LEO</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Roscosmos</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Space_capsule" title="Space capsule">Space capsule</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#e9e4e4;">Uncrewed test launch of Orel spacecraft. First launch of Angara A5 from Vostochny. </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" colspan="2" style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;">2028<sup id="cite_ref-kp-20230815_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kp-20230815-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ria-20200213_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ria-20200213-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;"><a href="/wiki/Angara_A5" title="Angara A5">Angara A5</a>P </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;"> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;"><a href="/wiki/Vostochny_Cosmodrome" title="Vostochny Cosmodrome">Vostochny Cosmodrome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vostochny_Cosmodrome_Site_1A" title="Vostochny Cosmodrome Site 1A">Site 1A</a> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;">TBD </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#e8eeee"> <td><a href="/wiki/Orel_(spacecraft)" title="Orel (spacecraft)">Orel</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Low_Earth_Orbit" class="mw-redirect" title="Low Earth Orbit">LEO</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Roscosmos</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Space_capsule" title="Space capsule">Space capsule</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#e9e4e4;">Uncrewed test launch of Orel to the International Space Station. First flight of the Angara A5P, a crew-rated variant of the <a href="/wiki/Angara_A5" title="Angara A5">Angara A5</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-tass-20191106_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tass-20191106-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" colspan="2" style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;">2028<sup id="cite_ref-kp-20230815_59-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kp-20230815-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tass-20191106_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tass-20191106-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;"><a href="/wiki/Angara_A5" title="Angara A5">Angara A5</a>P </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;"> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;"><a href="/wiki/Vostochny_Cosmodrome" title="Vostochny Cosmodrome">Vostochny Cosmodrome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vostochny_Cosmodrome_Site_1A" title="Vostochny Cosmodrome Site 1A">Site 1A</a> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;">TBD </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#e8eeee"> <td><a href="/wiki/Orel_(spacecraft)" title="Orel (spacecraft)">Orel</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Low_Earth_Orbit" class="mw-redirect" title="Low Earth Orbit">LEO</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Roscosmos</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Space_capsule" title="Space capsule">Space capsule</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#e9e4e4;">Crewed test launch of Orel to the International Space Station. </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" colspan="2" style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;">2028<sup id="cite_ref-tass-20230719_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tass-20230719-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;"><a href="/wiki/Angara_A5" title="Angara A5">Angara A5</a> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;"> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;"><a href="/wiki/Vostochny_Cosmodrome" title="Vostochny Cosmodrome">Vostochny Cosmodrome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vostochny_Cosmodrome_Site_1A" title="Vostochny Cosmodrome Site 1A">Site 1A</a> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;">TBD </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#e8eeee"> <td><a href="/wiki/Luna_27" title="Luna 27">Luna 27</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Selenocentric_orbit" class="mw-redirect" title="Selenocentric orbit">Selenocentric</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Roscosmos</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lunar_lander" title="Lunar lander">Lunar lander</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#e9e4e4;">Third mission of Luna-Glob Programme. </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" colspan="2" style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;">NET 2029<sup id="cite_ref-tass-20230719_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tass-20230719-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;"><a href="/wiki/Angara_A5" title="Angara A5">Angara A5</a> / <a href="/wiki/Blok_DM-03" title="Blok DM-03">DM-03</a> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;"> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;"><a href="/wiki/Vostochny_Cosmodrome" title="Vostochny Cosmodrome">Vostochny Cosmodrome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vostochny_Cosmodrome_Site_1A" title="Vostochny Cosmodrome Site 1A">Site 1A</a> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;">TBD </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#e8eeee"> <td><a href="/wiki/Luna_28" title="Luna 28">Luna 28</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Selenocentric_orbit" class="mw-redirect" title="Selenocentric orbit">Selenocentric</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Roscosmos</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lunar_lander" title="Lunar lander">Lunar lander</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sample-return_mission" title="Sample-return mission">Lunar sample return</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#e9e4e4;">Lunar sample-return mission. </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" colspan="2" style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;">NET 2029<sup id="cite_ref-ria-20200213_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ria-20200213-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;"><a href="/wiki/Angara_A5" title="Angara A5">Angara A5</a>P </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;"> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;"><a href="/wiki/Vostochny_Cosmodrome" title="Vostochny Cosmodrome">Vostochny Cosmodrome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vostochny_Cosmodrome_Site_1A" title="Vostochny Cosmodrome Site 1A">Site 1A</a> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;">TBD </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#e8eeee"> <td><a href="/wiki/Orel_(spacecraft)" title="Orel (spacecraft)">Orel</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Low_Earth_Orbit" class="mw-redirect" title="Low Earth Orbit">LEO</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Roscosmos</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Space_capsule" title="Space capsule">Space capsule</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#e9e4e4;">Crewed Orel flight test. </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" colspan="2" style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;">NET 2030<sup id="cite_ref-tass-20230719_62-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tass-20230719-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;"><a href="/wiki/Angara_A5" title="Angara A5">Angara A5</a> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;"> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;"><a href="/wiki/Vostochny_Cosmodrome" title="Vostochny Cosmodrome">Vostochny Cosmodrome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vostochny_Cosmodrome_Site_1A" title="Vostochny Cosmodrome Site 1A">Site 1A</a> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;">TBD </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#e8eeee"> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luna_29&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luna 29 (page does not exist)">Luna 29</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Selenocentric_orbit" class="mw-redirect" title="Selenocentric orbit">Selenocentric</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Roscosmos</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lunar_rover" title="Lunar rover">Lunar rover</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sample-return_mission" title="Sample-return mission">Lunar sample return</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#e9e4e4;">Lunar sample-return mission. </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" colspan="2" style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;">NET 2030<sup id="cite_ref-ria-20200213_61-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ria-20200213-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;"><a href="/wiki/Angara_A5" title="Angara A5">Angara A5</a>P </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;"> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;"><a href="/wiki/Vostochny_Cosmodrome" title="Vostochny Cosmodrome">Vostochny Cosmodrome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vostochny_Cosmodrome_Site_1A" title="Vostochny Cosmodrome Site 1A">Site 1A</a> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;">TBD </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#e8eeee"> <td><a href="/wiki/Orel_(spacecraft)" title="Orel (spacecraft)">Orel</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Low_Earth_Orbit" class="mw-redirect" title="Low Earth Orbit">LEO</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Roscosmos</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Space_capsule" title="Space capsule">Space capsule</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#e9e4e4;">Crewed Orel flight test. </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;">NET 2030<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;"><a href="/wiki/Angara_A5" title="Angara A5">Angara A5</a> / <a href="/wiki/Briz_(rocket_stage)" title="Briz (rocket stage)">Briz-M</a> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;"> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;"><a href="/wiki/Vostochny_Cosmodrome" title="Vostochny Cosmodrome">Vostochny Cosmodrome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vostochny_Cosmodrome_Site_1A" title="Vostochny Cosmodrome Site 1A">Site 1A</a> </td> <td style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;">TBD </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#e8eeee"> <td><a href="/wiki/Spektr-M" title="Spektr-M">Spektr-M</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sun-Earth_L2" class="mw-redirect" title="Sun-Earth L2">Sun-Earth L2</a> Lagrange Point </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Roscosmos</a> </td> <td>Millimeter wavelength <a href="/wiki/Space_telescope" title="Space telescope">space telescope</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_projects">Related projects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angara_(rocket_family)&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Related projects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The South Korean launch vehicle <a href="/wiki/Naro-1" title="Naro-1">Naro-1</a> used a first stage derived from Angara's URM-1 (fitted with a lower-thrust version of the RD-191 engine called <a href="/wiki/RD-170#RD-151" title="RD-170">RD-151</a>). The vehicle made its first flight on 25 August 2009. The flight was not successful, but the first stage operated as expected. A second launch on 10 June 2010 ended in failure, when contact with the rocket was lost 136 seconds after launch. The Joint Failure Review Board failed to come to a consensus on the cause of the failure.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The third flight on 30 January 2013 successfully reached orbit. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Comparable_rockets">Comparable rockets</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angara_(rocket_family)&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Comparable rockets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Launch_Vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Unified Launch Vehicle">UMLV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_IIIC" title="Titan IIIC">Titan IIIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_5" title="Ariane 5">Ariane 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vega_(rocket)" title="Vega (rocket)">Vega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H-IIA" title="H-IIA">H-IIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H-IIB" title="H-IIB">H-IIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_V" title="Atlas V">Atlas V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_9_Full_Thrust" title="Falcon 9 Full Thrust">Falcon 9 Full Thrust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_IV_rocket" class="mw-redirect" title="Delta IV rocket">Delta IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_3" title="Long March 3">Long March 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_5" title="Long March 5">Long March 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LVM3" title="LVM3">LVM 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naro-1" title="Naro-1">Naro-1</a> — first stage derived from URM-1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rus-M" title="Rus-M">Rus-M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proton_(rocket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Proton (rocket)">Proton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antares_(rocket)" title="Antares (rocket)">Antares</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angara_(rocket_family)&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/28px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/42px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/56px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Spaceflight" title="Portal:Spaceflight">Spaceflight portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_orbital_launchers_families" class="mw-redirect" title="Comparison of orbital launchers families">Comparison of orbital launchers families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_orbital_launch_systems" title="Comparison of orbital launch systems">Comparison of orbital launch systems</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angara_(rocket_family)&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NSF20211224-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NSF20211224_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/4924">"MGM n°3"</a>. 24 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MGM+n%C2%B03&rft.date=2021-12-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnextspaceflight.com%2Flaunches%2Fdetails%2F4924&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngara+%28rocket+family%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spaceflight101.com/angara-launch-vehicle-family/">"Angara Launch Vehicle Family"</a>. <i>spaceflight101.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=spaceflight101.com&rft.atitle=Angara+Launch+Vehicle+Family&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spaceflight101.com%2Fangara-launch-vehicle-family%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngara+%28rocket+family%29" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged May 2019">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:3_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/Kazakhstan_Finally_Ratifies_Baikonur_Rental_Deal_With_Russia_999.html">"Kazakhstan Finally Ratifies Baikonur Rental Deal With Russia"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Origin+of+the+Angara+project&rft.pub=RussianSpaceWeb.com&rft.date=2016-07-03&rft.aulast=Zak&rft.aufirst=Anatoly&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.russianspaceweb.com%2Fangara_origin.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngara+%28rocket+family%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-observer-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-observer_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-observer_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-observer_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-observer_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVorontsovIgor_Afanasyev2009" class="citation journal cs1">Vorontsov, Dmitri; Igor Afanasyev (10 November 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ato.ru/content/angara-getting-ready-launch">"Angara getting ready for launch"</a>. <i>Russia CIS Observer</i>. <b>3</b> (26). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100101014026/http://www.ato.ru/content/angara-getting-ready-launch">Archived</a> from the original on 1 January 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.khrunichev.ru/main.php?id=52">the original</a> on 12 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=KVTK&rft.pub=Khrunichev+State+Research+and+Production+Space+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.khrunichev.ru%2Fmain.php%3Fid%3D52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngara+%28rocket+family%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20140711135959/http://www.spaceflight101.com/angara-a7.html">"Angara A7"</a>. Spaceflight101. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spaceflight101.com/angara-a7.html">the original</a> on 11 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Angara+to+move+to+Vostochny&rft.date=2014-11-14&rft.aulast=Zak&rft.aufirst=Anatoly&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.russianspaceweb.com%2Fvostochny_angara.html%232014&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngara+%28rocket+family%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aviationweek.com/awin/russia-reviews-proton-breeze-m-reliability">"Russia Reviews Proton Breeze M Reliability"</a>. Aviation Week. 19 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russia+Reviews+Proton+Breeze+M+Reliability&rft.pub=Aviation+Week&rft.date=2013-03-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faviationweek.com%2Fawin%2Frussia-reviews-proton-breeze-m-reliability&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngara+%28rocket+family%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://itar-tass.com/kosmos/1668132">"Разгонный блок "Бриз-М" вывел на целевую орбиту условный спутник, запущенный на "Ангаре"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> [Briz-M upper stage brought satellite to orbit, launched by Angara] (in Russian). 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RussianSpaceWeb.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Second+mission+of+the+Angara-5+rocket&rft.pub=RussianSpaceWeb.com&rft.date=2020-10-03&rft.aulast=Zak&rft.aufirst=Anatoly&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.russianspaceweb.com%2Fangara5-flight2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngara+%28rocket+family%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMooney2021" class="citation web cs1">Mooney, Justin (27 December 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/12/angara-mgm-3/">"Russia launches third and final Angara A5 demonstration mission"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NASASpaceFlight" class="mw-redirect" title="NASASpaceFlight">NASASpaceFlight</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASASpaceFlight&rft.atitle=Russia+launches+third+and+final+Angara+A5+demonstration+mission&rft.date=2021-12-27&rft.aulast=Mooney&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2F2021%2F12%2Fangara-mgm-3%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngara+%28rocket+family%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.militarynews.ru/story.asp?rid=1&nid=563128&lang=RU">"Третий испытательный пуск тяжелой ракеты "Ангара-А5" осуществлен с космодрома Плесецк - Минобороны РФ"</a> [The third test launch of the Angara-A5 heavy rocket was carried out from the Plesetsk cosmodrome - Russian Defense Ministry]. <i><a href="/wiki/Interfax" title="Interfax">Interfax</a></i> (in Russian). 27 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Interfax&rft.atitle=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA+%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B+%22%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%905%22+%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD+%D1%81+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0+%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA+-+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B+%D0%A0%D0%A4&rft.date=2021-12-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.militarynews.ru%2Fstory.asp%3Frid%3D1%26nid%3D563128%26lang%3DRU&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngara+%28rocket+family%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJonathan_McDowell2022" class="citation web cs1">Jonathan McDowell [@planet4589] (18 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/planet4589/status/1526889947541737474">"The Kosmos-2555 payload launched on the Angara-1.2 test mission last month reentered this morning, May 18, after failing to make any orbital manoeuvres. SpaceTrack reports reentry between 0116 and 0230 UTC"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>) – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Kosmos-2555+payload+launched+on+the+Angara-1.2+test+mission+last+month+reentered+this+morning%2C+May+18%2C+after+failing+to+make+any+orbital+manoeuvres.+SpaceTrack+reports+reentry+between+0116+and+0230+UTC.&rft.date=2022-05-18&rft.au=Jonathan+McDowell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2Fplanet4589%2Fstatus%2F1526889947541737474&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngara+%28rocket+family%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMooney2022" class="citation web cs1">Mooney, Justin (15 April 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/04/first-angara-1-2/">"Russia launches first orbital Angara 1.2 rocket with military payload"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NASASpaceFlight" class="mw-redirect" title="NASASpaceFlight">NASASpaceFlight</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASASpaceFlight&rft.atitle=Russia+launches+first+orbital+Angara+1.2+rocket+with+military+payload&rft.date=2022-04-15&rft.aulast=Mooney&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2F2022%2F04%2Ffirst-angara-1-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngara+%28rocket+family%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ibt20220517-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ibt20220517_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZak2022" class="citation web cs1">Zak, Anatoly (17 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibtimes.com/russian-military-satellite-z-marking-likely-burn-atmosphere-experts-3510266">"Russian Military Satellite With 'Z' Marking Likely To Burn Up In Atmosphere: Experts"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/International_Business_Times" title="International Business Times">International Business Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Business+Times&rft.atitle=Russian+Military+Satellite+With+%27Z%27+Marking+Likely+To+Burn+Up+In+Atmosphere%3A+Experts&rft.date=2022-05-17&rft.aulast=Zak&rft.aufirst=Anatoly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibtimes.com%2Frussian-military-satellite-z-marking-likely-burn-atmosphere-experts-3510266&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngara+%28rocket+family%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://universemagazine.com/en/russian-military-satellite-descended-from-orbit-less-than-two-months-after-launch/">"Russian military satellite "Kosmos-2560" descended from orbit"</a>. 13 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russian+military+satellite+%22Kosmos-2560%22+descended+from+orbit&rft.date=2022-12-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funiversemagazine.com%2Fen%2Frussian-military-satellite-descended-from-orbit-less-than-two-months-after-launch%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngara+%28rocket+family%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMooney2022" class="citation web cs1">Mooney, Justin (15 October 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/10/angara-kosmos-2560/">"Angara 1.2 launches satellite for Russian Aerospace Forces"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NASASpaceFlight" class="mw-redirect" title="NASASpaceFlight">NASASpaceFlight</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASASpaceFlight&rft.atitle=Angara+1.2+launches+satellite+for+Russian+Aerospace+Forces&rft.date=2022-10-15&rft.aulast=Mooney&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2F2022%2F10%2Fangara-kosmos-2560%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngara+%28rocket+family%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/7361">"Angara A5/Blok DM-03 | Vostochny Angara Test Flight"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Angara+A5%2FBlok+DM-03+%26%23124%3B+Vostochny+Angara+Test+Flight&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnextspaceflight.com%2Flaunches%2Fdetails%2F7361&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngara+%28rocket+family%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/7631">"Angara 1.2 - Kosmos 2577 & Kosmos 2578"</a>. <i>Next Spaceflight</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Next+Spaceflight&rft.atitle=Angara+1.2+-+Kosmos+2577+%26+Kosmos+2578&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnextspaceflight.com%2Flaunches%2Fdetails%2F7631&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngara+%28rocket+family%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tass.ru/kosmos/10346241">"Первый запуск модернизированной тяжелой "Ангары" запланирован на конец 2024 года"</a> [The first launch of the modernized heavy "Angara" is scheduled for the end of 2024] (in Russian). TASS. 24 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA+%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B9+%22%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%22+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86+2024+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0&rft.date=2020-12-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftass.ru%2Fkosmos%2F10346241&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngara+%28rocket+family%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ria.ru/20200131/1564119705.html">"Источник: Минобороны и "Роскосмос" согласовали облик "Ангары-А5М"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> [Source: Ministry of Defense and Roscosmos approve Angara-A5M] (in Russian). RIA Novosti. 31 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%3A+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B+%D0%B8+%22%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%22+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA+%22%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B-%D0%905%D0%9C%22&rft.date=2020-01-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fria.ru%2F20200131%2F1564119705.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngara+%28rocket+family%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-reshetnev-luch-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-reshetnev-luch_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-reshetnev-luch_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iss-reshetnev.ru/media/newspaper/newspaper-2020/newspaper-505.pdf">"Сибирский спутник - Для глобального применения - О СИСТЕМЕ "ЛУЧ"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> [Siberian Sputnik - For Global Applications - ABOUT THE LUCH SYSTEM] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Russian). Information Satellite Systems Reshetnev. 19 November 2020. p. 4<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+-+%D0%94%D0%BB%D1%8F+%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+-+%D0%9E+%D0%A1%D0%98%D0%A1%D0%A2%D0%95%D0%9C%D0%95+%22%D0%9B%D0%A3%D0%A7%22&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Information+Satellite+Systems+Reshetnev&rft.date=2020-11-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iss-reshetnev.ru%2Fmedia%2Fnewspaper%2Fnewspaper-2020%2Fnewspaper-505.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngara+%28rocket+family%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tass.ru/kosmos/9574489">"Система ретрансляции "Луч" обеспечит связь с космическими аппаратами при их полете к Луне"</a> [The Luch relay system will provide communications with spacecraft during their flight to the Moon] (in Russian). TASS. 28 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0+%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8+%22%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%87%22+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%82+%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8C+%D1%81+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8+%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8+%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5+%D0%BA+%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B5&rft.date=2020-09-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftass.ru%2Fkosmos%2F9574489&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngara+%28rocket+family%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ria.ru/20190410/1552562589.html">"Система ретрансляции "Луч" будет состоять из четырех спутников"</a> [The Luch relay system will consist of four satellites] (in Russian). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8F%D1%82+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%22%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%22+%D1%81+%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE&rft.pub=Roscosmos&rft.date=2021-04-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.roscosmos.ru%2F30863%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngara+%28rocket+family%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZak" class="citation web cs1">Zak, Anatoly. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.russianspaceweb.com/spektr_uf.html">"Spektr-UF"</a>. <i>RussianSpaceWeb</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RussianSpaceWeb&rft.atitle=Spektr-UF&rft.aulast=Zak&rft.aufirst=Anatoly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.russianspaceweb.com%2Fspektr_uf.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngara+%28rocket+family%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kp-20230815-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kp-20230815_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kp-20230815_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kp-20230815_59-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKatya_Pavlushchenko2023" class="citation web cs1">Katya Pavlushchenko [@katlinengrey] (15 August 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/katlinengrey/status/1691378590745534464">"Both the first uncrewed test flight and the first crewed test flight of the planned #Oryol spacecraft are scheduled for 2028, said the chief designer of ROS (it's not a misprint, now they call it ROS instead of ROSS), deputy director of RSC Energia Vladimir Kozhevnikov"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>) – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Both+the+first+uncrewed+test+flight+and+the+first+crewed+test+flight+of+the+planned+%23Oryol+spacecraft+are+scheduled+for+2028%2C+said+the+chief+designer+of+ROS+%28it%27s+not+a+misprint%2C+now+they+call+it+ROS+instead+of+ROSS%29%2C+deputy+director+of+RSC+Energia+Vladimir+Kozhevnikov.&rft.date=2023-08-15&rft.au=Katya+Pavlushchenko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2Fkatlinengrey%2Fstatus%2F1691378590745534464&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngara+%28rocket+family%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tass-20191106-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tass-20191106_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tass-20191106_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tass.com/science/1087207">"Russia to create Angara-A5P rocket for manned space launches by 2024"</a>. TASS. 6 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russia+to+create+Angara-A5P+rocket+for+manned+space+launches+by+2024&rft.date=2019-11-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftass.com%2Fscience%2F1087207&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngara+%28rocket+family%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ria-20200213-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ria-20200213_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ria-20200213_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ria-20200213_61-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ria.ru/20200213/1564630880.html">"Определен срок полета российского корабля "Орел" с экипажем на МКС"</a> [The scheduled time for the first crewed flight of the Russian spacecraft Orel to the ISS has been determined] (in Russian). RIA Novosti. 13 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD+%D1%81%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0+%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8F+%22%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%22+%D1%81+%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BC+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%9C%D0%9A%D0%A1&rft.date=2020-02-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fria.ru%2F20200213%2F1564630880.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngara+%28rocket+family%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tass-20230719-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tass-20230719_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tass-20230719_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tass-20230719_62-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tass.ru/kosmos/18307283">"Ученый сообщил об активном ходе работ по импортозамещению комплектующих "Луны-27"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> [The scientist reported on the active progress of work on import substitution of Luna-27 components]. <i>TASS</i> (in Russian). 19 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TASS&rft.atitle=%D0%A3%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%BB+%D0%BE%D0%B1+%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8E+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%8E%D1%89%D0%B8%D1%85+%22%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%8B-27%22&rft.date=2023-07-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftass.ru%2Fkosmos%2F18307283&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngara+%28rocket+family%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tass.com/science/1087130">"Russia, France draft agreement on deep space exploration"</a>. TASS. 6 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russia%2C+France+draft+agreement+on+deep+space+exploration&rft.date=2019-11-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftass.com%2Fscience%2F1087130&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngara+%28rocket+family%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927111034/http://rki.kbs.co.kr/english/news/news_zoom_detail.htm?lang=e&current_page=&No=6324">"Probe into failed launch, KBS World"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rki.kbs.co.kr/english/news/news_zoom_detail.htm?lang=e&current_page=&No=6324">the original</a> on 27 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Probe+into+failed+launch%2C+KBS+World&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frki.kbs.co.kr%2Fenglish%2Fnews%2Fnews_zoom_detail.htm%3Flang%3De%26current_page%3D%26No%3D6324&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngara+%28rocket+family%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angara_(rocket_family)&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gJbj9XSUq9U">«Ангара» с омским паспортом</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.khrunichev.ru/main.php?id=44">Angara family page by the Khrunichev Center</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170118135419/http://www.khrunichev.ru/main.php?id=44">Archived</a> 18 January 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (in Russian)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111011140020/http://astronautix.com/fam/angara.htm">Angara family</a>, at Encyclopedia Astronautica</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090629021320/http://www.russianspaceweb.com/angara.html">Angara family</a>, at RussianSpaceWeb</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Template:Russian_launch_systems" title="Template:Russian launch systems"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Russian_launch_systems" title="Template talk:Russian launch systems"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Russian_launch_systems" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Russian launch systems"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Soviet_and_Russian_launch_vehicles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_space_program" title="Soviet space program">Soviet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Russian</a> <a href="/wiki/Launch_vehicle" title="Launch vehicle">launch vehicles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Angara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angara-1.2" title="Angara-1.2">1.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angara_A5" title="Angara A5">A5</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-2" title="Soyuz-2">Soyuz-2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-2.1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz-2.1a">2.1a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-2.1b" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz-2.1b">2.1b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-2-1v" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz-2-1v">2-1v</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Rocket" title="Universal Rocket">UR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proton-M" title="Proton-M">Proton-M</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In development</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-7_(rocket_family)" title="Soyuz-7 (rocket family)">Amur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irtysh_(rocket)" title="Irtysh (rocket)">Irtysh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yenisei_(rocket)" title="Yenisei (rocket)">Yenisei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Retired</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dnepr_(rocket)" title="Dnepr (rocket)">Dnepr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energia_(rocket)" title="Energia (rocket)">Energia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_(rocket_family)" title="Kosmos (rocket family)">Kosmos</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos-1" title="Kosmos-1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos-2I" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosmos-2I">2I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos-3" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosmos-3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos-3M" title="Kosmos-3M">3M</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N1_(rocket)" title="N1 (rocket)">N1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-7_(rocket_family)" title="R-7 (rocket family)">R-7</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luna_(rocket)" title="Luna (rocket)">Luna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molniya_(rocket)" title="Molniya (rocket)">Molniya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Molniya-M" title="Molniya-M">M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molniya-L" class="mw-redirect" title="Molniya-L">L</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyot_(rocket)" title="Polyot (rocket)">Polyot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_(rocket_family)" title="Soyuz (rocket family)">Soyuz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_(rocket)" title="Soyuz (rocket)">original</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-L" title="Soyuz-L">L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-M" title="Soyuz-M">M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-U" title="Soyuz-U">U</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-U2" title="Soyuz-U2">U2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-FG" title="Soyuz-FG">FG</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz/Vostok" title="Soyuz/Vostok">Soyuz/Vostok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_(rocket)" title="Sputnik (rocket)">Sputnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voskhod_(rocket)" title="Voskhod (rocket)">Voskhod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vostok_(rocket_family)" title="Vostok (rocket family)">Vostok</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vostok-L" title="Vostok-L">L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vostok-K" title="Vostok-K">K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vostok-2_(rocket)" title="Vostok-2 (rocket)">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vostok-2M" title="Vostok-2M">2M</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-29_Vysota" class="mw-redirect" title="R-29 Vysota">R-29</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shtil%27" title="Shtil'">Shtil'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volna" title="Volna">Volna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Start-1" title="Start-1">Start-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsyklon" title="Tsyklon">Tsyklon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tsyklon" title="Tsyklon">original</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsyklon-2" title="Tsyklon-2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsyklon-3" title="Tsyklon-3">3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Rocket" title="Universal Rocket">UR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proton_(rocket_family)" title="Proton (rocket family)">UR-500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proton-K" title="Proton-K">Proton-K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rokot" title="Rokot">Rokot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strela_(rocket)" title="Strela (rocket)">Strela</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenit_(rocket_family)" title="Zenit (rocket family)">Zenit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zenit-2" title="Zenit-2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenit-2M" title="Zenit-2M">2M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenit-3SL" title="Zenit-3SL">3SL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenit-3SLB" title="Zenit-3SLB">3SLB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenit-3F" title="Zenit-3F">3F</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cancelled (no launch attempts)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tsyklon-4" title="Tsyklon-4">Tsyklon-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proton_(rocket_family)" title="Proton (rocket family)">Proton</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proton_Light" class="mw-redirect" title="Proton Light">Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proton_Medium" class="mw-redirect" title="Proton Medium">Medium</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Orbital_launch_systems" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Orbital_launch_systems" title="Template:Orbital launch systems"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Orbital_launch_systems" title="Template talk:Orbital launch systems"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Orbital_launch_systems" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Orbital launch systems"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Orbital_launch_systems" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Launch_vehicle" title="Launch vehicle">Orbital launch systems</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_orbital_launch_systems" title="List of orbital launch systems">List of orbital launch systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_orbital_launch_systems" title="Comparison of orbital launch systems">Comparison of orbital launch systems</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Angara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angara-1.2" title="Angara-1.2">1.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angara_A5" title="Angara A5">A5</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_6" title="Ariane 6">Ariane 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_V" title="Atlas V">Atlas V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceres-1" title="Ceres-1">Ceres</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ceres-1_(rocket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceres-1 (rocket)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceres-1_(rocket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceres-1 (rocket)">1S</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chollima-1" title="Chollima-1">Chollima-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocket_Lab_Electron" title="Rocket Lab Electron">Electron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_9_Block_5" title="Falcon 9 Block 5">Falcon 9 Block 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_Heavy" title="Falcon Heavy">Falcon Heavy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefly_Alpha" title="Firefly Alpha">Firefly Alpha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravity-1" title="Gravity-1">Gravity-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geosynchronous_Satellite_Launch_Vehicle" title="Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle">GSLV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H-IIA" title="H-IIA">H-IIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H3_(rocket)" title="H3 (rocket)">H3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperbola-1" title="Hyperbola-1">Hyperbola-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jielong_(rocket_family)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jielong (rocket family) (page does not exist)">Jielong</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jielong_1" title="Jielong 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jielong_3" title="Jielong 3">3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KAIROS_(rocket)" class="mw-redirect" title="KAIROS (rocket)">KAIROS</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaituozhe_(rocket_family)" title="Kaituozhe (rocket family)">Kaituozhe 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinetica_1" title="Kinetica 1">Kinetica 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuaizhou" title="Kuaizhou">Kuaizhou</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuaizhou_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuaizhou 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuaizhou_1A" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuaizhou 1A">1A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuaizhou_11" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuaizhou 11">11</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_(rocket_family)" title="Long March (rocket family)">Long March</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_2C" title="Long March 2C">2C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_2D" title="Long March 2D">2D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_2F" title="Long March 2F">2F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_3A" title="Long March 3A">3A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_3B" title="Long March 3B">3B/E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_3C" title="Long March 3C">3C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_4B" title="Long March 4B">4B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_4C" title="Long March 4C">4C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_5" title="Long March 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_5B" class="mw-redirect" title="Long March 5B">5B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_6" title="Long March 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_6A" title="Long March 6A">6A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_7" title="Long March 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_7A" class="mw-redirect" title="Long March 7A">7A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_8" title="Long March 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_11" title="Long March 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_11" title="Long March 11">11H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_12" title="Long March 12">12</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LVM3" title="LVM3">LVM3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minotaur_(rocket_family)" title="Minotaur (rocket family)">Minotaur</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minotaur_I" title="Minotaur I">I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minotaur_IV" title="Minotaur IV">IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minotaur_V" title="Minotaur V">V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minotaur-C" title="Minotaur-C">C</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuri_(rocket)" title="Nuri (rocket)">Nuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OS-M1" class="mw-redirect" title="OS-M1">OS-M1</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegasus_(rocket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pegasus (rocket)">Pegasus XL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proton-M" title="Proton-M">Proton-M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polar_Satellite_Launch_Vehicle" title="Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle">PSLV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaem_100" title="Qaem 100">Qaem 100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qased_(rocket)" title="Qased (rocket)">Qased</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shavit_2" title="Shavit 2">Shavit 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simorgh_(rocket)" title="Simorgh (rocket)">Simorgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_System" title="Space Launch System">SLS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_System#Block_variants" title="Space Launch System">Block 1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-2" title="Soyuz-2">Soyuz-2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-2.1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz-2.1a">2.1a / STA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-2.1b" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz-2.1b">2.1b / STB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-2-1v" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz-2-1v">2-1v</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Satellite_Launch_Vehicle" title="Small Satellite Launch Vehicle">SSLV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Starship" title="SpaceX Starship">Starship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianlong-2" title="Tianlong-2">Tianlong-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unha" title="Unha">Unha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vega_(rocket)" title="Vega (rocket)">Vega</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vega_C" title="Vega C">C</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulcan_Centaur" title="Vulcan Centaur">Vulcan Centaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LandSpace" title="LandSpace">Zhuque</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhuque-2" title="Zhuque-2">2</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In development</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antares_(rocket)" title="Antares (rocket)">Antares 330</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloostar" class="mw-redirect" title="Bloostar">Bloostar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclone-4M" title="Cyclone-4M">Cyclone-4M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstellar_Technologies#DECA_orbital_rocket" title="Interstellar Technologies">Deca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epsilon_(rocket)#Epsilon_S" title="Epsilon (rocket)">Epsilon S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilmour_Space_Technologies#Eris_orbital_rocket" title="Gilmour Space Technologies">Eris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orienspace" title="Orienspace">Gravity-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperbola-2" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyperbola-2">Hyperbola-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irtysh_(rocket)" title="Irtysh (rocket)">Irtysh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuaizhou" title="Kuaizhou">Kuaizhou</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuaizhou_21" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuaizhou 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuaizhou_31" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuaizhou 31">31</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_(rocket_family)" title="Long March (rocket family)">Long March</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_9" title="Long March 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_10" title="Long March 10">10</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miura_5" title="Miura 5">Miura 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefly_Aerospace#MLV" title="Firefly Aerospace">MLV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocket_Lab_Neutron" title="Rocket Lab Neutron">Neutron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Glenn" title="New Glenn">New Glenn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Line_1" class="mw-redirect" title="New Line 1">New Line 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next_Generation_Launch_Vehicle" title="Next Generation Launch Vehicle">NGLV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoke_Space_Nova" title="Stoke Space Nova">Nova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OneSpace#OS-M_series" title="OneSpace">OS-M</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OneSpace#OS-M_series" title="OneSpace">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OneSpace#OS-M_series" title="OneSpace">4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbex#Prime" title="Orbex">Orbex Prime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallas-1" title="Pallas-1">Pallas-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BluShift_Aerospace#Red_Dwarf" title="BluShift Aerospace">Red Dwarf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_System" title="Space Launch System">SLS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_System#Block_variants" title="Space Launch System">Block 1B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_System#Block_variants" title="Space Launch System">Block 2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-7_(rocket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz-7 (rocket)">Soyuz-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terran_R" title="Terran R">Terran R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianlong-3" title="Tianlong-3">Tianlong-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VLM_(rocket)" title="VLM (rocket)">VLM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vega_E" class="mw-redirect" title="Vega E">Vega E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstellar_Technologies#ZERO_orbital_rocket" title="Interstellar Technologies">Zero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LandSpace" title="LandSpace">Zhuque</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LandSpace#Zhuque-3" title="LandSpace">3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuljanah_(rocket)" title="Zuljanah (rocket)">Zuljanah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Retired</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antares_(rocket)" title="Antares (rocket)">Antares</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antares_(rocket)" title="Antares (rocket)">110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antares_(rocket)" title="Antares (rocket)">120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antares_(rocket)" title="Antares (rocket)">130</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antares_(rocket)" title="Antares (rocket)">230</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antares_(rocket)" title="Antares (rocket)">230+</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_(rocket_family)" title="Ariane (rocket family)">Ariane</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_1" title="Ariane 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_2" title="Ariane 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_3" title="Ariane 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_4" title="Ariane 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_5" title="Ariane 5">5</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augmented_Satellite_Launch_Vehicle" title="Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle">ASLV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athena_(rocket_family)" title="Athena (rocket family)">Athena</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athena_I" title="Athena I">I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athena_II" title="Athena II">II</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_(rocket_family)" title="Atlas (rocket family)">Atlas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SM-65B_Atlas" title="SM-65B Atlas">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SM-65D_Atlas" title="SM-65D Atlas">D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_E/F" title="Atlas E/F">E/F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_G" title="Atlas G">G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_H" title="Atlas H">H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_I" title="Atlas I">I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_II" title="Atlas II">II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_III" title="Atlas III">III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_LV-3B" title="Atlas LV-3B">LV-3B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_SLV-3" title="Atlas SLV-3">SLV-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas-Able" title="Atlas-Able">Able</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas-Agena" title="Atlas-Agena">Agena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas-Centaur" title="Atlas-Centaur">Centaur</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Arrow" title="Black Arrow">Black Arrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conestoga_(rocket)" title="Conestoga (rocket)">Conestoga</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_(rocket_family)" title="Delta (rocket family)">Delta</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delta_A" title="Delta A">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_B" title="Delta B">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_C" title="Delta C">C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_D" title="Delta D">D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_E" title="Delta E">E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_G" title="Delta G">G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_J" title="Delta J">J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_L" title="Delta L">L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_M" title="Delta M">M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_N" title="Delta N">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_0100" title="Delta 0100">0100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_1000" title="Delta 1000">1000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_2000" title="Delta 2000">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_3000" title="Delta 3000">3000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_4000" title="Delta 4000">4000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_5000" title="Delta 5000">5000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_II" title="Delta II">II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_III" title="Delta III">III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_IV" title="Delta IV">IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_IV_Heavy" title="Delta IV Heavy">IV Heavy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamant_(rocket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Diamant (rocket)">Diamant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dnepr_(rocket)" title="Dnepr (rocket)">Dnepr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energia_(rocket)" title="Energia (rocket)">Energia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epsilon_(rocket)" title="Epsilon (rocket)">Epsilon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa_(rocket)" title="Europa (rocket)">Europa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Europa_(rocket)" title="Europa (rocket)">I</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa_(rocket)" title="Europa (rocket)">II</a><sup>†</sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_1" title="Falcon 1">Falcon 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_9" title="Falcon 9">Falcon 9</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_9_v1.0" title="Falcon 9 v1.0">v1.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_9_v1.1" title="Falcon 9 v1.1">v1.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_9_Full_Thrust" title="Falcon 9 Full Thrust">v1.2 "Full Thrust"</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feng_Bao_1" title="Feng Bao 1">Feng Bao 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geosynchronous_Satellite_Launch_Vehicle" title="Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle">GSLV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GSLV_Mk_I" class="mw-redirect" title="GSLV Mk I">Mk I</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H-I" title="H-I">H-I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H-II" title="H-II">H-II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H-IIB" title="H-IIB">H-IIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juno_I" title="Juno I">Juno I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juno_II" title="Juno II">Juno II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaituozhe-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaituozhe-1">Kaituozhe-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_(rocket_family)" title="Kosmos (rocket family)">Kosmos</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_(rocket_family)" title="Kosmos (rocket family)">original</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos-1" title="Kosmos-1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos-2I" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosmos-2I">2/2I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos-3" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosmos-3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos-3M" title="Kosmos-3M">3M</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambda_(rocket_family)" title="Lambda (rocket family)">Lambda</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lambda_4S" title="Lambda 4S">4S</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LauncherOne" title="LauncherOne">LauncherOne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_(rocket_family)" title="Long March (rocket family)">Long March</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_1" title="Long March 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_1D" title="Long March 1D">1D</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_2A" title="Long March 2A">2A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_2E" title="Long March 2E">2E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_3" title="Long March 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_3B" title="Long March 3B">3B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_4A" title="Long March 4A">4A</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu_(rocket_family)" title="Mu (rocket family)">Mu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M-4S" class="mw-redirect" title="M-4S">4S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-3C" class="mw-redirect" title="M-3C">3C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-3H" class="mw-redirect" title="M-3H">3H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-3S" class="mw-redirect" title="M-3S">3S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-3SII" class="mw-redirect" title="M-3SII">3SII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-V" title="M-V">V</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N1_(rocket)" title="N1 (rocket)">N1</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-I_(rocket)" title="N-I (rocket)">N-I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-II_(rocket)" title="N-II (rocket)">N-II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naro-1" title="Naro-1">Naro-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paektusan_(rocket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paektusan (rocket)">Paektusan</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NOTS-EV-1_Pilot" title="NOTS-EV-1 Pilot">Pilot-2</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-7_(rocket_family)" title="R-7 (rocket family)">R-7</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luna_(rocket)" title="Luna (rocket)">Luna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molniya_(rocket)" title="Molniya (rocket)">Molniya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Molniya-M" title="Molniya-M">M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molniya-L" class="mw-redirect" title="Molniya-L">L</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyot_(rocket)" title="Polyot (rocket)">Polyot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_(rocket_family)" title="Soyuz (rocket family)">Soyuz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_(rocket)" title="Soyuz (rocket)">original</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-FG" title="Soyuz-FG">FG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-L" title="Soyuz-L">L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-M" title="Soyuz-M">M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-U" title="Soyuz-U">U</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-U2" title="Soyuz-U2">U2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz/Vostok" title="Soyuz/Vostok">Soyuz/Vostok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_(rocket)" title="Sputnik (rocket)">Sputnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voskhod_(rocket)" title="Voskhod (rocket)">Voskhod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vostok_(rocket_family)" title="Vostok (rocket family)">Vostok</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vostok-L" title="Vostok-L">L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vostok-K" title="Vostok-K">K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vostok-2_(rocket)" title="Vostok-2 (rocket)">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vostok-2M" title="Vostok-2M">2M</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-29_Vysota" class="mw-redirect" title="R-29 Vysota">R-29</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shtil%27" title="Shtil'">Shtil'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volna" title="Volna">Volna</a><sup>†</sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astra_Rocket" title="Astra Rocket">Rocket 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS1_(rocket)" title="RS1 (rocket)">RS1</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safir_(rocket)" title="Safir (rocket)">Safir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Safir_(rocket)" title="Safir (rocket)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safir_(rocket)" title="Safir (rocket)">1A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safir_(rocket)" title="Safir (rocket)">1B</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_(rocket_family)" title="Saturn (rocket family)">Saturn</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_I" title="Saturn I">I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_IB" title="Saturn IB">IB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_V" title="Saturn V">V</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_(rocket_family)" title="Scout (rocket family)">Scout</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scout_X-1" title="Scout X-1">X-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RM-90_Blue_Scout_II" title="RM-90 Blue Scout II">Blue Scout II</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_X-2" title="Scout X-2">X-2</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_X-2M" title="Scout X-2M">X-2M</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scout_X-3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scout X-3 (page does not exist)">X-3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scout_X-3M&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scout X-3M (page does not exist)">X-3M</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scout_X-4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scout X-4 (page does not exist)">X-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_X-2B" title="Scout X-2B">X-2B</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_B" class="mw-redirect" title="Scout B">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_A" class="mw-redirect" title="Scout A">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_B-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Scout B-1">B-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_D-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Scout D-1">D-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_A-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Scout A-1">A-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scout_E-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scout E-1 (page does not exist)">E-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_F-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Scout F-1">F-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_G-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Scout G-1">G-1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shavit_2" title="Shavit 2">Shavit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shavit_2" title="Shavit 2">original</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shavit_2" title="Shavit 2">1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_Launch_Vehicle" title="Satellite Launch Vehicle">SLV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPARK_(rocket)" title="SPARK (rocket)">SPARK</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparta_(rocket)" title="Sparta (rocket)">Sparta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS-520#SS-520-4" class="mw-redirect" title="SS-520">SS-520</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Start-1" title="Start-1">Start-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terran_1" title="Terran 1">Terran 1</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor_(rocket_family)" title="Thor (rocket family)">Thor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thor-Able" title="Thor-Able">Able</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor-Ablestar" title="Thor-Ablestar">Ablestar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thor-Ablestar" title="Thor-Ablestar">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor-Ablestar" title="Thor-Ablestar">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor-Agena" title="Thor-Agena">Agena</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thor-Agena" title="Thor-Agena">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor-Agena" title="Thor-Agena">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor-Agena" title="Thor-Agena">D</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor-Burner" title="Thor-Burner">Burner</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thor-Burner" title="Thor-Burner">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor-Burner" title="Thor-Burner">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor-Delta" title="Thor-Delta">Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor_DSV-2U" title="Thor DSV-2U">DSV-2U</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorad-Agena" title="Thorad-Agena">Thorad-Agena</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thorad-Agena" title="Thorad-Agena">SLV-2G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorad-Agena" title="Thorad-Agena">SLV-2H</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_(rocket_family)" title="Titan (rocket family)">Titan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Titan_II_GLV" title="Titan II GLV">II GLV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_IIIA" title="Titan IIIA">IIIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_IIIB" title="Titan IIIB">IIIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_IIIC" title="Titan IIIC">IIIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_IIID" title="Titan IIID">IIID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_IIIE" title="Titan IIIE">IIIE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_34D" title="Titan 34D">34D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_23G" title="Titan 23G">23G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Titan_III" title="Commercial Titan III">CT-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_IV" title="Titan IV">IV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsyklon" title="Tsyklon">Tsyklon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R-36_(missile)" title="R-36 (missile)">R-36-O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsyklon" title="Tsyklon">original</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsyklon-2" title="Tsyklon-2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsyklon-3" title="Tsyklon-3">3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Rocket" title="Universal Rocket">Universal Rocket</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proton_(rocket_family)" title="Proton (rocket family)">UR-500 Proton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proton-K" title="Proton-K">Proton-K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rokot" title="Rokot">Rokot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strela_(rocket)" title="Strela (rocket)">Strela</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguard_(rocket)" title="Vanguard (rocket)">Vanguard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vega_(rocket)" title="Vega (rocket)">Vega</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vega_(rocket)" title="Vega (rocket)">original</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VLS-1" title="VLS-1">VLS-1</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenit_(rocket_family)" title="Zenit (rocket family)">Zenit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zenit-2" title="Zenit-2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenit-2M" title="Zenit-2M">2M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenit-2M" title="Zenit-2M">2FG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenit-3SL" title="Zenit-3SL">3SL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenit-3SLB" title="Zenit-3SLB">3SLB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenit-3F" title="Zenit-3F">3F</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LandSpace" title="LandSpace">Zhuque</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhuque-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhuque-1">1</a><sup>†</sup></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Classes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sounding_rocket" title="Sounding rocket">Sounding rocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small-lift_launch_vehicle" title="Small-lift launch vehicle">Small-lift launch vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medium-lift_launch_vehicle" title="Medium-lift launch vehicle">Medium-lift launch vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy-lift_launch_vehicle" title="Heavy-lift launch vehicle">Heavy-lift launch vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_heavy-lift_launch_vehicle" title="Super heavy-lift launch vehicle">Super heavy-lift launch vehicle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>This Template lists historical, current, and future space rockets that at least once attempted (but not necessarily succeeded in) an orbital launch or that are planned to attempt such a launch in the future</li> <li>Symbol <sup>†</sup> indicates past or current rockets that attempted orbital launches but never succeeded (never did or has yet to perform a successful orbital launch)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="RD-170_rocket_engine_family" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:RD-170_rocket_engine_family" title="Template:RD-170 rocket engine family"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:RD-170_rocket_engine_family" title="Template talk:RD-170 rocket engine family"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:RD-170_rocket_engine_family" title="Special:EditPage/Template:RD-170 rocket engine family"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="RD-170_rocket_engine_family" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/RD-170_(rocket_engine)" class="mw-redirect" title="RD-170 (rocket engine)">RD-170 rocket engine family</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Derivatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RD-171" class="mw-redirect" title="RD-171">RD-171</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-180" title="RD-180">RD-180</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-191" title="RD-191">RD-191</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-170#RD-151" title="RD-170">RD-151</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RD171_ILA2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/RD171_ILA2006.jpg/85px-RD171_ILA2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/RD171_ILA2006.jpg/128px-RD171_ILA2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/RD171_ILA2006.jpg/170px-RD171_ILA2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bipropellant_rocket" class="mw-redirect" title="Bipropellant rocket">Bipropellant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquid_oxygen" title="Liquid oxygen">LOX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RP-1" title="RP-1">RP-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staged_combustion_cycle_(rocket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Staged combustion cycle (rocket)">Staged combustion cycle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historic rockets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_III" title="Atlas III">Atlas III</a> (RD-180)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energia_(rocket)" title="Energia (rocket)">Energia</a> (RD-170)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naro-1" title="Naro-1">Naro-1</a> (RD-151)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenit_rocket" class="mw-redirect" title="Zenit rocket">Zenit</a> (RD-171)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current rockets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Angara</a> (RD-191)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antares_(rocket)#Antares_200" title="Antares (rocket)">Antares (200-series)</a> (RD-181)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_V" title="Atlas V">Atlas V</a> (RD-180)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cancelled proposals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GX_(rocket)" title="GX (rocket)">GX</a> (RD-180)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rus-M" title="Rus-M">Rus-M</a> (RD-180)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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