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class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_film_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>The film industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_film_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Personal life subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Political_views" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Political views</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_years_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_years_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Later years and death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_years_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filmography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filmography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Filmography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filmography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>General sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mary Pickford</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 85 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-85" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">85 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Mary Pickford" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="ماري بيكفورد – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ماري بيكفورد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Mary Pickford" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mary Pickford" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meri_Pikford" title="Meri Pikford – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Meri Pikford" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="مری پیکفورد – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مری پیکفورد" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1" title="ম্যারি পিকফোর্ড – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ম্যারি পিকফোর্ড" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Мэри Пикфорд – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Мэри Пикфорд" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Мэры Пікфард – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мэры Пікфард" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Мэры Пікфард – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мэры Пікфард" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Mary Pickford" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Мери Пикфорд – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мери Пикфорд" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Mary Pickford" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Mary Pickford" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mary Pickford" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Mary Pickford" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Pickfordov%C3%A1" title="Mary Pickfordová – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mary Pickfordová" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mary Pickford" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mary Pickford" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mary Pickford" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%AF%CF%81%CE%B7_%CE%A0%CE%AF%CE%BA%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%BD%CF%84" title="Μαίρη Πίκφορντ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μαίρη Πίκφορντ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mary Pickford" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mary Pickford" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mary Pickford" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="مری پیکفورد – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مری پیکفورد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mary Pickford" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Mary Pickford" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mary Pickford" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A9%94%EB%A6%AC_%ED%94%BD%ED%8D%BC%EB%93%9C" title="메리 픽퍼드 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="메리 픽퍼드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%93%D5%AB%D6%84%D6%86%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A4" title="Մերի Փիքֆորդ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մերի Փիքֆորդ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mary Pickford" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Mary Pickford" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Mary Pickford" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mary Pickford" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Mary Pickford" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mary Pickford" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%93" title="מרי פיקפורד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מרי פיקפורד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Mary Pickford" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="მერი პიკფორდი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მერი პიკფორდი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Мэри Пикфорд – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мэри Пикфорд" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Mary Pickford" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Мэри Пикфорд – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Мэри Пикфорд" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Pickford" title="Maria Pickford – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Maria Pickford" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%93rija_Pikforda" title="Mērija Pikforda – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mērija Pikforda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Mary Pickford" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mary Pickford" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Mary Pickford" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D" title="മേരി പിക്ഫോർഡ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മേരി പിക്ഫോർഡ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="მერი პიკფორდი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მერი პიკფორდი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%89_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="مارى بيكفورد – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مارى بيكفورد" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Mary Pickford" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mary Pickford" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A1%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%94%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89" title="メアリー・ピックフォード – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="メアリー・ピックフォード" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mary Pickford" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Mary Pickford" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Mary Pickford" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Mary Pickford" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%AB%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A1" title="ਮੈਰੀ ਪਿਕਫੋਰਡ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੈਰੀ ਪਿਕਫੋਰਡ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mary Pickford" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mary Pickford" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mary Pickford" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Мэри Пикфорд – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мэри Пикфорд" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Mary Pickford" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mary Pickford" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mary Pickford" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%81%DB%86%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="ماری پیکفۆرد – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ماری پیکفۆرد" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Мери Пикфорд – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мери Пикфорд" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mary Pickford" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mary Pickford" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mary Pickford" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%83%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D" title="மெரி பிக்ஃபோர்ட் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மெரி பிக்ஃபோர்ட்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Мэри Пикфорд – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Мэри Пикфорд" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%80_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D" title="మేరీ పిక్‌ఫోర్డ్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మేరీ పిక్‌ఫోర్డ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5_%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%94" title="แมรี พิกฟอร์ด – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แมรี พิกฟอร์ด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D3%A3_%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Марӣ Пикфорд – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Марӣ Пикфорд" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mary Pickford" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96_%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Мері Пікфорд – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мері Пікфорд" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DA%A9%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%88" title="میری پکفورڈ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="میری پکفورڈ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mary Pickford" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Mary Pickford" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%9B%E4%B8%BD%C2%B7%E6%AF%95%E5%85%8B%E9%A6%A5" title="玛丽·毕克馥 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="玛丽·毕克馥" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Mary Pickford" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%91%AA%E8%8E%89%E7%A2%A7%E7%A6%8F" title="瑪莉碧福 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="瑪莉碧福" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%9B%E4%B8%BD%C2%B7%E6%AF%95%E5%85%8B%E9%A6%A5" title="玛丽·毕克馥 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="玛丽·毕克馥" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gpe mw-list-item"><a href="https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford – Ghanaian 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For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Mary_Pickford_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Mary Pickford (disambiguation)">Mary Pickford (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Mary Pickford</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_Pickford_cph.3c17995u.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Mary_Pickford_cph.3c17995u.jpg/220px-Mary_Pickford_cph.3c17995u.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Mary_Pickford_cph.3c17995u.jpg/330px-Mary_Pickford_cph.3c17995u.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Mary_Pickford_cph.3c17995u.jpg/440px-Mary_Pickford_cph.3c17995u.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2934" data-file-height="3726" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Pickford in 1910</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Gladys Louise Smith<sup id="cite_ref-pbs_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pbs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1892-04-08</span>)</span>April 8, 1892<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, Canada</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">May 29, 1979<span style="display:none">(1979-05-29)</span> (aged 87)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Santa_Monica,_California" title="Santa Monica, California">Santa Monica, California</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Forest_Lawn_Memorial_Park_(Glendale)" title="Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)">Forest Lawn Memorial Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glendale,_California" title="Glendale, California">Glendale, California</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citizenship</th><td class="infobox-data category"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_subject" title="British subject">British subject</a> (1892–1978)</li> <li>United States (1920–1978)</li> <li>Canada (1978–1979)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Actress</li><li>producer</li><li>screenwriter</li><li>businesswoman</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1900–1955</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Female_of_the_Species_(film)" title="The Female of the Species (film)">The Female of the Species</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/The_Poor_Little_Rich_Girl" title="The Poor Little Rich Girl">The Poor Little Rich Girl</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/In_the_Bishop%27s_Carriage" title="In the Bishop's Carriage">In the Bishop's Carriage</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Caprice_(1913_film)" title="Caprice (1913 film)">Caprice</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Coquette_(film)" title="Coquette (film)">Coquette</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hearts_Adrift" title="Hearts Adrift">Hearts Adrift</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_of_Sunnybrook_Farm_(1917_film)" title="Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm (1917 film)">Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tess_of_the_Storm_Country_(1914_film)" title="Tess of the Storm Country (1914 film)">Tess of the Storm Country</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pollyanna_(1920_film)" title="Pollyanna (1920 film)">Pollyanna</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data org"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Owen_Moore" title="Owen Moore">Owen Moore</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1911; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1920)<wbr /></div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Fairbanks" title="Douglas Fairbanks">Douglas Fairbanks</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1920; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1936)<wbr /></div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Charles_%22Buddy%22_Rogers" title="Charles "Buddy" Rogers">Charles "Buddy" Rogers</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1937)<wbr /></div></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Hennessey" title="Charlotte Hennessey">Charlotte Hennessey</a> and John Charles Smith</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lottie_Pickford" title="Lottie Pickford">Lottie Pickford</a> (sister)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Pickford" title="Jack Pickford">Jack Pickford</a> (brother)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame,_2_academy_awards&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hollywood Walk of Fame, 2 academy awards (page does not exist)">Hollywood Walk of Fame, 2 academy awards</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://marypickford.org">Mary Pickford Foundation</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Autograph_Mary_Pickford.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Autograph_Mary_Pickford.svg/150px-Autograph_Mary_Pickford.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Autograph_Mary_Pickford.svg/225px-Autograph_Mary_Pickford.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Autograph_Mary_Pickford.svg/300px-Autograph_Mary_Pickford.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="246" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Gladys Louise Smith</b> (April 8, 1892 – May 29, 1979), known professionally as <b>Mary Pickford</b>, was a Canadian-American film actress, producer, screenwriter and film studio founder. A <a href="/wiki/Canadian_pioneers_in_early_Hollywood" title="Canadian pioneers in early Hollywood">pioneer in the American film industry</a> with a Hollywood career that spanned five decades, Pickford was one of the most popular actresses of the <a href="/wiki/Silent_film" title="Silent film">silent film</a> era. Beginning her film career in 1909, by 1916 Pickford became Hollywood's first millionaire, and at the height of her career had complete creative control of her films and was one of the most recognizable women in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to her popularity, unprecedented international fame, and success as an actress and businesswoman, she was known as the "Queen of the Movies". She was a significant figure in the development of film acting and is credited with having defined the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Ing%C3%A9nue" title="Ingénue">ingénue</a></i></span> type in cinema, a persona that also earned her the nickname "<a href="/wiki/America%27s_Sweetheart" title="America's Sweetheart">America's Sweetheart</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1919, she co-founded <a href="/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists">United Artists</a> alongside <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Fairbanks" title="Douglas Fairbanks">Douglas Fairbanks</a>, and <a href="/wiki/D._W._Griffith" title="D. W. Griffith">D. W. Griffith</a>, and was also one of the 36 founders of the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences">Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences</a> in 1927. She was awarded the second <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Actress" title="Academy Award for Best Actress">Academy Award for Best Actress</a> for her first sound film role in <i><a href="/wiki/Coquette_(film)" title="Coquette (film)">Coquette</a></i> (1929) and received an <a href="/wiki/Academy_Honorary_Award" title="Academy Honorary Award">Academy Honorary Award</a> in 1976 in consideration of her contributions to American cinema. In 1999, the <a href="/wiki/American_Film_Institute" title="American Film Institute">American Film Institute</a> named Pickford as the <a href="/wiki/AFI%27s_100_Years...100_Stars" title="AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars">24th-greatest female star</a> of <a href="/wiki/Classical_Hollywood_Cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Hollywood Cinema">Classical Hollywood Cinema</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Pickford&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bust_of_Mary_Pickford.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Bust_of_Mary_Pickford.jpg/220px-Bust_of_Mary_Pickford.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Bust_of_Mary_Pickford.jpg/330px-Bust_of_Mary_Pickford.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Bust_of_Mary_Pickford.jpg/440px-Bust_of_Mary_Pickford.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="3368" /></a><figcaption>Bust of Mary Pickford on <a href="/wiki/University_Avenue_(Toronto)" title="University Avenue (Toronto)">University Avenue</a>, near her Toronto birthplace</figcaption></figure> <p>Mary Pickford was born Gladys Louise Smith <sup id="cite_ref-pbs_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pbs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1892, at 211 <a href="/wiki/University_Avenue_(Toronto)" title="University Avenue (Toronto)">University Avenue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, Ontario,<sup id="cite_ref-Whitfield_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whitfield-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> now the location of <a href="/wiki/Hospital_for_Sick_Children_(Toronto)" title="Hospital for Sick Children (Toronto)">the Hospital for Sick Children</a>. Her father, John Charles Smith, was the son of English <a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodist</a> immigrants, and worked a variety of odd jobs. Her mother, <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Hennessey" title="Charlotte Hennessey">Charlotte Hennessey</a>, was of <a href="/wiki/Irish_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Catholic">Irish Catholic</a> descent and worked for a time as a seamstress. She had two younger siblings, both actors. <a href="/wiki/Lottie_Pickford" title="Lottie Pickford">Charlotte was billed as "Lottie Pickford"</a> (born 1893) and <a href="/wiki/Jack_Pickford" title="Jack Pickford">John Charles Jr. was billed as "Jack Pickford"</a> (born 1896). To please her husband's relatives, Pickford's mother baptized her children as Methodists, the religion of their father. John Charles Sr. was an alcoholic. He died on February 11, 1898, from a fatal blood clot caused by a workplace accident when he was a <a href="/wiki/Purser" title="Purser">purser</a> with Niagara Steamship.<sup id="cite_ref-Whitfield_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whitfield-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When Gladys was four years old, her household was under infectious quarantine as a public health measure. Their devoutly Catholic maternal grandmother (Catherine Faeley Hennessey) asked a visiting Roman Catholic priest to baptize the children. Pickford was at this time baptized as Gladys Marie Smith.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-baptism_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baptism-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After being widowed in 1898, Charlotte Smith began taking in boarders, one of whom was a Mr. Murphy, the theatrical stage manager for Cummings Stock Company, who soon suggested that Gladys, then age seven, and Lottie, then age six, be given two small theatrical roles—Gladys portrayed a girl and a boy, while Lottie was cast in a silent part in the company's production of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Silver_King_(play)" title="The Silver King (play)">The Silver King</a></i> at Toronto's Princess Theatre (destroyed by fire in 1915, rebuilt, demolished in 1931), while their mother played the organ.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Whitfield_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whitfield-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pickford subsequently acted in many melodramas with Toronto's Valentine Stock Company, finally playing the major child role in its version of <i>The Silver King</i>. She capped her short career in Toronto with the starring role of Little Eva in the Valentine production of <i><a href="/wiki/Tom_show" title="Tom show">Uncle Tom's Cabin</a></i>, adapted from the 1852 novel.<sup id="cite_ref-Whitfield_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whitfield-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Pickford&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_years">Early years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Pickford&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Mary_Pickford,_signed_(CHS-2292)_digital_restoration.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Portrait_of_Mary_Pickford%2C_signed_%28CHS-2292%29_digital_restoration.jpg/220px-Portrait_of_Mary_Pickford%2C_signed_%28CHS-2292%29_digital_restoration.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Portrait_of_Mary_Pickford%2C_signed_%28CHS-2292%29_digital_restoration.jpg/330px-Portrait_of_Mary_Pickford%2C_signed_%28CHS-2292%29_digital_restoration.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Portrait_of_Mary_Pickford%2C_signed_%28CHS-2292%29_digital_restoration.jpg/440px-Portrait_of_Mary_Pickford%2C_signed_%28CHS-2292%29_digital_restoration.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4085" data-file-height="5280" /></a><figcaption>Mary Pickford, 1914–1915 (digitally restored)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_Pickford_1916.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Mary_Pickford_1916.jpg/220px-Mary_Pickford_1916.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Mary_Pickford_1916.jpg/330px-Mary_Pickford_1916.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Mary_Pickford_1916.jpg/440px-Mary_Pickford_1916.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2620" data-file-height="3271" /></a><figcaption>Mary Pickford, 1916</figcaption></figure> <p>By the early 1900s, theatre had become a family enterprise. Gladys, her mother, and two younger siblings toured the United States by rail, performing in third-rate companies and plays. After six impoverished years, Pickford allowed one more summer to land a leading role on Broadway, planning to quit acting if she failed. In 1905, she played the boy Freckles in <a href="/wiki/Hal_Reid_(actor)" title="Hal Reid (actor)">Hal Reid</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Gypsy_Girl_(play)" title="The Gypsy Girl (play)">The Gypsy Girl</a></i> on tour, and at the <a href="/wiki/Star_Theatre_(New_York_City,_built_1901)" title="Star Theatre (New York City, built 1901)">Star Theatre</a> on Broadway.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1906, Gladys, Lottie and Jack Smith supported singer <a href="/wiki/Chauncey_Olcott" title="Chauncey Olcott">Chauncey Olcott</a> on Broadway in <i><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Burke" title="Edmund Burke">Edmund Burke</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gladys finally landed a supporting role in a 1907 Broadway play, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Warrens_of_Virginia_(play)" title="The Warrens of Virginia (play)">The Warrens of Virginia</a></i>. The play was written by <a href="/wiki/William_C._deMille" title="William C. deMille">William C. deMille</a>, whose brother, <a href="/wiki/Cecil_B._DeMille" title="Cecil B. DeMille">Cecil</a>, appeared in the cast. <a href="/wiki/David_Belasco" title="David Belasco">David Belasco</a>, the producer of the play, insisted that Gladys Smith assume the stage name Mary Pickford.<sup id="cite_ref-filmbug_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-filmbug-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After completing the Broadway run and touring the play, however, Pickford was again out of work. </p><p>On April 19, 1909, the <a href="/wiki/Biograph_Company" title="Biograph Company">Biograph Company</a> director <a href="/wiki/D._W._Griffith" title="D. W. Griffith">D. W. Griffith</a> screen-tested her at the company's New York studio for a role in the <a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_(movie_theater)" title="Nickelodeon (movie theater)">nickelodeon</a> film <i><a href="/wiki/Pippa_Passes_(film)" title="Pippa Passes (film)">Pippa Passes</a></i>. The role went to someone else but Griffith was immediately taken with Pickford. She quickly grasped that movie acting was simpler than the stylized stage acting of the day. Most Biograph actors earned $5 a day but, after Pickford's single day in the studio, Griffith agreed to pay her $10 a day against a guarantee of $40 a week.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Pickford, like all actors at Biograph, played both leading roles and bit parts, including mothers, <a href="/wiki/Ing%C3%A9nue" title="Ingénue">ingénues</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charwoman" title="Charwoman">charwomen</a>, spitfires, slaves, Native Americans, spurned women, and a prostitute. As Pickford said of her success at Biograph:</p><blockquote><p>I played scrubwomen and secretaries and women of all nationalities ... I decided that if I could get into as many pictures as possible, I'd become known, and there would be a demand for my work.</p></blockquote><p> She appeared in 51 films in 1909—almost one a week—with her first starring role being in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Violin_Maker_of_Cremona" title="The Violin Maker of Cremona">The Violin Maker of Cremona</a></i> opposite future husband <a href="/wiki/Owen_Moore" title="Owen Moore">Owen Moore</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-varobit_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-varobit-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While at Biograph, she suggested to <a href="/wiki/Florence_La_Badie" title="Florence La Badie">Florence La Badie</a> to "try pictures", invited her to the studio and later introduced her to D. W. Griffith, who launched La Badie's career.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 1910, Pickford traveled with a Biograph crew to Los Angeles. Many other film companies wintered on the <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">West Coast</a>, escaping the weak light and short days that hampered winter shooting in the <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="East Coast of the United States">East</a>. Pickford added to her 1909 Biographs (<i>Sweet and Twenty</i>, <i>They Would Elope,</i> and <i>To Save Her Soul</i>, to name a few) with films made in California.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Actors were not listed in the credits in Griffith's company. Audiences noticed and identified Pickford within weeks of her first film appearance. Exhibitors, in turn, capitalized on her popularity by advertising on <a href="/wiki/Sandwich_board" title="Sandwich board">sandwich boards</a> that a film featuring "The Girl with the Golden Curls", "Blondilocks", or "The <a href="/wiki/Biograph_Girl" class="mw-redirect" title="Biograph Girl">Biograph Girl</a>" was inside.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pickford left Biograph in December 1910. The following year, she starred in films at <a href="/wiki/Carl_Laemmle" title="Carl Laemmle">Carl Laemmle</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Independent_Moving_Pictures" title="Independent Moving Pictures">Independent Moving Pictures Company</a> (IMP). IMP was absorbed into <a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a> in 1912, along with Majestic. Unhappy with their creative standards, Pickford returned to work with Griffith in 1912. Some of her best performances were in his films, such as <i>Friends</i>, <i>The Mender of Nets</i>, <i>Just Like a Woman</i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Female_of_the_Species_(1912_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Female of the Species (1912 film)">The Female of the Species</a></i>. That year, Pickford also introduced <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Gish" title="Dorothy Gish">Dorothy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lillian_Gish" title="Lillian Gish">Lillian Gish</a>—whom she had befriended as new neighbors from Ohio<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—to Griffith,<sup id="cite_ref-Whitfield_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whitfield-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and each became a major silent film star, in comedy and tragedy, respectively. Pickford made her last Biograph picture, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Hat" title="The New York Hat">The New York Hat</a></i>, in late 1912. </p><p>She returned to Broadway in the David Belasco production of <i><a href="/wiki/A_Good_Little_Devil" title="A Good Little Devil">A Good Little Devil</a></i> (1912). This was a major turning point in her career. Pickford, who had always hoped to conquer the Broadway stage, discovered how deeply she missed film acting. In 1913, she decided to work exclusively in film. The previous year, <a href="/wiki/Adolph_Zukor" title="Adolph Zukor">Adolph Zukor</a> had formed <a href="/wiki/Famous_Players_Film_Company" title="Famous Players Film Company">Famous Players in Famous Plays</a>. It was later known as <a href="/wiki/Famous_Players%E2%80%93Lasky" title="Famous Players–Lasky">Famous Players–Lasky</a> and then <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a>, one of the first American feature film companies.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_Pickford_with_camera2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Mary_Pickford_with_camera2.jpg/220px-Mary_Pickford_with_camera2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Mary_Pickford_with_camera2.jpg/330px-Mary_Pickford_with_camera2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Mary_Pickford_with_camera2.jpg/440px-Mary_Pickford_with_camera2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2719" data-file-height="3645" /></a><figcaption>Mary Pickford, 1916</figcaption></figure> <p>Pickford left the stage to join Zukor's roster of stars. Zukor believed film's potential lay in recording theatrical players in replicas of their most famous stage roles and productions. Zukor first filmed Pickford in a silent version of <i>A Good Little Devil</i>. The film, produced in 1913, showed the play's Broadway actors reciting every line of dialogue, resulting in a stiff film that Pickford later called "one of the worst [features] I ever made ... it was deadly".<sup id="cite_ref-Whitfield_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whitfield-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zukor agreed; he held the film back from distribution for a year. </p><p>Pickford's work in material written for the camera by that time had attracted a strong following. Comedy-dramas, such as <i><a href="/wiki/In_the_Bishop%27s_Carriage" title="In the Bishop's Carriage">In the Bishop's Carriage</a></i> (1913), <i><a href="/wiki/Caprice_(1913_film)" title="Caprice (1913 film)">Caprice</a></i> (1913), and especially <i><a href="/wiki/Hearts_Adrift" title="Hearts Adrift">Hearts Adrift</a></i> (1914), made her irresistible to moviegoers. <i>Hearts Adrift</i> was so popular that Pickford asked for the first of her many publicized pay raises based on the profits and reviews.<sup id="cite_ref-Kevin_Brownlow_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kevin_Brownlow-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The film marked the first time Pickford's name was featured above the title on movie marquees.<sup id="cite_ref-Kevin_Brownlow_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kevin_Brownlow-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Tess_of_the_Storm_Country_(1914_film)" title="Tess of the Storm Country (1914 film)">Tess of the Storm Country</a></i> was released five weeks later. Biographer Kevin Brownlow observed that the film "sent her career into orbit and made her the most popular actress in America, if not the world".<sup id="cite_ref-Kevin_Brownlow_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kevin_Brownlow-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Her appeal was summed up two years later by the February 1916 issue of <i><a href="/wiki/Photoplay" title="Photoplay">Photoplay</a></i> as "luminous tenderness in a steel band of gutter ferocity".<sup id="cite_ref-Whitfield_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whitfield-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a>, who slightly surpassed Pickford's popularity in 1916,<sup id="cite_ref-MBI)_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MBI)-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> had a similarly spellbinding pull with critics and the audience. Each enjoyed a level of fame far exceeding that of other actors. Throughout the 1910s and 1920s, Pickford was believed to be the most famous woman in the world, or, as a silent-film journalist described her, "the best known woman who has ever lived, the woman who was known to more people and loved by more people than any other woman that has been in all history".<sup id="cite_ref-Whitfield_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whitfield-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stardom">Stardom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Pickford&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Stardom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_Pickford-Ziegfeld.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Mary_Pickford-Ziegfeld.jpg/220px-Mary_Pickford-Ziegfeld.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Mary_Pickford-Ziegfeld.jpg/330px-Mary_Pickford-Ziegfeld.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Mary_Pickford-Ziegfeld.jpg/440px-Mary_Pickford-Ziegfeld.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1863" /></a><figcaption>Mary Pickford, 1920</figcaption></figure> <p>Pickford starred in 52 features throughout her career. On June 24, 1916, Pickford signed a new contract with Zukor that granted her full authority over production of the films in which she starred,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a record-breaking salary of $10,000 a week.<sup id="cite_ref-P)(_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-P)(-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, Pickford's compensation was half of a film's profits, with a guarantee of $1.04 million (US$22,040,000 in 2024),<sup id="cite_ref-Balio_p._159_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Balio_p._159-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> making her the first actress to sign a million-dollar contract.<sup id="cite_ref-varobit_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-varobit-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She also became vice-president of Pickford Film Corporation.<sup id="cite_ref-varobit_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-varobit-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Occasionally, she played a child, in films such as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Poor_Little_Rich_Girl" title="The Poor Little Rich Girl">The Poor Little Rich Girl</a></i> (1917), <i><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_of_Sunnybrook_Farm_(1917_film)" title="Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm (1917 film)">Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm</a></i> (1917), <i><a href="/wiki/Daddy-Long-Legs_(1919_film)" title="Daddy-Long-Legs (1919 film)">Daddy-Long-Legs</a></i> (1919), and <i><a href="/wiki/Pollyanna_(1920_film)" title="Pollyanna (1920 film)">Pollyanna</a></i> (1920). Pickford's fans were devoted to these "little girl" roles, but they were not typical of her career.<sup id="cite_ref-Whitfield_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whitfield-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to her lack of a normal childhood, she enjoyed making these pictures. Given how small she was at under five feet, and her naturalistic acting abilities, she was very successful in these roles. <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Fairbanks_Jr." title="Douglas Fairbanks Jr.">Douglas Fairbanks Jr.</a>, when he first met her in person as a boy, assumed she was a new playmate for him, and asked her to come and play trains with him, which she obligingly did.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 1918, Pickford's contract expired and, when refusing Zukor's terms for a renewal, she was offered $250,000 to leave the motion picture business. She declined, and went to <a href="/wiki/First_National_Pictures" title="First National Pictures">First National Pictures</a>, which agreed to her terms.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1919, Pickford, along with <a href="/wiki/D._W._Griffith" title="D. W. Griffith">D. W. Griffith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Fairbanks" title="Douglas Fairbanks">Douglas Fairbanks</a>, formed the independent film production company <a href="/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists">United Artists</a>. Through United Artists, Pickford continued to produce and perform in her own movies; she could also distribute them as she chose. In 1920, Pickford's film <i><a href="/wiki/Pollyanna_(1920_film)" title="Pollyanna (1920 film)">Pollyanna</a></i> grossed around $1.1 million.<sup id="cite_ref-OP_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OP-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following year, Pickford's film <i><a href="/wiki/Little_Lord_Fauntleroy_(1921_film)" title="Little Lord Fauntleroy (1921 film)">Little Lord Fauntleroy</a></i> was also a success, and in 1923, <i><a href="/wiki/Rosita_(film)" title="Rosita (film)">Rosita</a></i> grossed over $1 million as well.<sup id="cite_ref-OP_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OP-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this period, she also made <a href="/wiki/Little_Annie_Rooney_(1925_film)" title="Little Annie Rooney (1925 film)"><i>Little Annie Rooney</i></a> (1925), another film in which Pickford played a child, <i><a href="/wiki/Sparrows_(1926_film)" title="Sparrows (1926 film)">Sparrows</a></i> (1926), which blended the <a href="/wiki/Dickensian" class="mw-redirect" title="Dickensian">Dickensian</a> with newly minted <a href="/wiki/German_expressionism" class="mw-redirect" title="German expressionism">German expressionist</a> style, and <i><a href="/wiki/My_Best_Girl" title="My Best Girl">My Best Girl</a></i> (1927), a romantic comedy featuring her future husband <a href="/wiki/Charles_%22Buddy%22_Rogers" title="Charles "Buddy" Rogers">Charles "Buddy" Rogers</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MaryPickford4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/MaryPickford4.jpg/220px-MaryPickford4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/MaryPickford4.jpg/330px-MaryPickford4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/MaryPickford4.jpg/440px-MaryPickford4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2699" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Movie_poster#Lobby_cards" class="mw-redirect" title="Movie poster">lobby card</a> for <i><a href="/wiki/Little_Lord_Fauntleroy_(1921_film)" title="Little Lord Fauntleroy (1921 film)">Little Lord Fauntleroy</a></i> (1921)</figcaption></figure> <p>The arrival of sound was her undoing. Pickford underestimated the value of adding sound to movies, claiming that "adding sound to movies would be like putting lipstick on the <a href="/wiki/Venus_de_Milo" title="Venus de Milo">Venus de Milo</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-OP_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OP-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She played a reckless socialite in <i><a href="/wiki/Coquette_(film)" title="Coquette (film)">Coquette</a></i> (1929), her first <a href="/wiki/Sound_film" title="Sound film">talkie</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Katz_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Katz-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a role for which her famous <a href="/wiki/Ringlet_(haircut)" title="Ringlet (haircut)">ringlets</a> were cut into a 1920s' <a href="/wiki/Bob_cut" title="Bob cut">bob</a>. Pickford had already cut her hair in the wake of her mother's death in 1928. Fans were shocked at the transformation.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pickford's hair had become a symbol of female virtue, and when she cut it, the act made front-page news in <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> and other papers. <i>Coquette</i> was a success and won her an <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Actress" title="Academy Award for Best Actress">Academy Award for Best Actress</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-mdecline_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mdecline-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although this was highly controversial.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The public failed to respond to her in the more sophisticated roles. Like most movie stars of the silent era, Pickford found her career fading as talkies became more popular among audiences.<sup id="cite_ref-mdecline_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mdecline-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Her next film, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Taming_of_the_Shrew_(1929_film)" title="The Taming of the Shrew (1929 film)">The Taming of The Shrew</a></i>, made with husband <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Fairbanks" title="Douglas Fairbanks">Douglas Fairbanks</a>, was not well received at the box office.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Established Hollywood actors were panicked by the impending arrival of the talkies. On March 29, 1928, <i>The Dodge Brothers Hour</i> was broadcast from Pickford's bungalow, featuring Fairbanks, Chaplin, <a href="/wiki/Norma_Talmadge" title="Norma Talmadge">Norma Talmadge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Swanson" title="Gloria Swanson">Gloria Swanson</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Barrymore" title="John Barrymore">John Barrymore</a>, D. W. Griffith, and <a href="/wiki/Dolores_del_R%C3%ADo" title="Dolores del Río">Dolores del Río</a>, among others. They spoke on the radio show to prove that they could meet the challenge of talking movies.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A transition in the roles Pickford selected came when she was in her late thirties, no longer able to play the children, teenage spitfires, and feisty young women so adored by her fans, and not suited for the glamorous and vampish heroines of early sound. In 1933, she underwent a <a href="/wiki/Technicolor" title="Technicolor">Technicolor</a> screen test for an animated/live-action film version of <i><a href="/wiki/Alice_in_Wonderland" class="mw-redirect" title="Alice in Wonderland">Alice in Wonderland</a></i>, but <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney" title="Walt Disney">Walt Disney</a> discarded the project when <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount</a> released its own version of the book. Only one Technicolor <a href="/wiki/Film_still" title="Film still">still</a> of her screen test still exists. </p><p>She retired from film acting in 1933 following three costly failures with her last film appearance being <i><a href="/wiki/Secrets_(1933_film)" title="Secrets (1933 film)">Secrets</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-varobit_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-varobit-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Shipman_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shipman-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She appeared on stage in Chicago in 1934 in the play <i><a href="/wiki/The_Church_Mouse" title="The Church Mouse">The Church Mouse</a></i> and went on tour in 1935, starting in Seattle with the stage version of <i>Coquette</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-varobit_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-varobit-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She also appeared in a season of radio plays for <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> in 1935 and <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a> in 1936.<sup id="cite_ref-varobit_14-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-varobit-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1936, she became vice-president of United Artists<sup id="cite_ref-Shipman_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shipman-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and continued to produce films for others, including <i><a href="/wiki/One_Rainy_Afternoon" title="One Rainy Afternoon">One Rainy Afternoon</a></i> (1936), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Gay_Desperado" title="The Gay Desperado">The Gay Desperado</a></i> (1936), <i><a href="/wiki/Sleep,_My_Love" title="Sleep, My Love">Sleep, My Love</a></i> (1948; with <a href="/wiki/Claudette_Colbert" title="Claudette Colbert">Claudette Colbert</a>), and <i><a href="/wiki/Love_Happy" title="Love Happy">Love Happy</a></i> (1949), with the <a href="/wiki/Marx_Brothers" title="Marx Brothers">Marx Brothers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Whitfield_6-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whitfield-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_film_industry">The film industry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Pickford&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The film industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MaryPickfordHoover.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/MaryPickfordHoover.gif/220px-MaryPickfordHoover.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/MaryPickfordHoover.gif/330px-MaryPickfordHoover.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/MaryPickfordHoover.gif/440px-MaryPickfordHoover.gif 2x" data-file-width="531" data-file-height="680" /></a><figcaption>Mary Pickford giving President <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Herbert Hoover</a> a ticket for a film industry benefit for the unemployed, 1931</figcaption></figure> <p>Pickford used her stature in the movie industry to promote a variety of causes. Although her image depicted fragility and innocence, she proved to be a strong businesswoman who took control of her career in a cutthroat industry.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, she promoted the sale of <a href="/wiki/Liberty_bond" title="Liberty bond">liberty bonds</a>, making an intensive series of fund-raising speeches, beginning in Washington, D.C., where she sold bonds alongside <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Fairbanks" title="Douglas Fairbanks">Douglas Fairbanks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theda_Bara" title="Theda Bara">Theda Bara</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Marie_Dressler" title="Marie Dressler">Marie Dressler</a>. Five days later she spoke on <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street">Wall Street</a> to an estimated 50,000 people. Though Canadian-born, she was a powerful symbol of <a href="/wiki/American_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="American culture">American culture</a>, kissing the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States" title="Flag of the United States">American flag</a> for cameras and auctioning one of her world-famous curls for $15,000. In a single speech in Chicago, she sold an estimated five million dollars' worth of bonds. She was christened the U.S. Navy's official "Little Sister"; the Army named two cannons after her and made her an honorary colonel.<sup id="cite_ref-Whitfield_6-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whitfield-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fairbanks_-_Pickford_-_Chaplin_-_Griffith.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Fairbanks_-_Pickford_-_Chaplin_-_Griffith.png/220px-Fairbanks_-_Pickford_-_Chaplin_-_Griffith.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Fairbanks_-_Pickford_-_Chaplin_-_Griffith.png/330px-Fairbanks_-_Pickford_-_Chaplin_-_Griffith.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Fairbanks_-_Pickford_-_Chaplin_-_Griffith.png/440px-Fairbanks_-_Pickford_-_Chaplin_-_Griffith.png 2x" data-file-width="666" data-file-height="506" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Fairbanks" title="Douglas Fairbanks">Douglas Fairbanks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/D._W._Griffith" title="D. W. Griffith">D. W. Griffith</a>, with whom Mary Pickford founded United Artists in 1919</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1916, Pickford and <a href="/wiki/Constance_Adams_DeMille" title="Constance Adams DeMille">Constance Adams DeMille</a>, wife of director <a href="/wiki/Cecil_B._DeMille" title="Cecil B. DeMille">Cecil B. DeMille</a>, helped found the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Studio_Club" title="Hollywood Studio Club">Hollywood Studio Club</a>, a dormitory for young women involved in the motion picture business.<sup id="cite_ref-varobit_14-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-varobit-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the end of World War I, Pickford conceived of the <a href="/wiki/Motion_Picture_%26_Television_Fund" title="Motion Picture & Television Fund">Motion Picture Relief Fund</a>, an organization to help financially needy actors. Leftover funds from her work selling Liberty Bonds were put toward its creation, and in 1921, the Motion Picture Relief Fund (MPRF) was officially incorporated, with <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Schenck" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Schenck">Joseph Schenck</a> voted its first president and Pickford its vice president. In 1932, Pickford spearheaded the "Payroll Pledge Program", a payroll-deduction plan for studio workers who gave one half of one percent of their earnings to the MPRF. As a result, in 1940, the Fund was able to purchase land and build the <a href="/wiki/Motion_Picture_%26_Television_Fund" title="Motion Picture & Television Fund">Motion Picture Country House and Hospital</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Woodland_Hills,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Woodland Hills, California">Woodland Hills, California</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Whitfield_6-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whitfield-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An astute businesswoman, Pickford became her own producer within three years of her start in features. According to her Foundation, "she oversaw every aspect of the making of her films, from hiring talent and crew to overseeing the script, the shooting, the editing, to the final release and promotion of each project". She demanded (and received) these powers in 1916, when she was under contract to Zukor's Famous Players in Famous Plays (later Paramount). Zukor acquiesced to her refusal to participate in block-booking, the widespread practice of forcing an exhibitor to show a bad film of the studio's choosing to also be able to show a Pickford film. In 1916, Pickford's films were distributed, singly, through a special distribution unit called Artcraft. The Mary Pickford Corporation was briefly Pickford's motion-picture production company.<sup id="cite_ref-ushistory_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ushistory-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_Pickford_signing_the_entrance_to_the_Mary_Pickford_War_Funds_bungalow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Mary_Pickford_signing_the_entrance_to_the_Mary_Pickford_War_Funds_bungalow.jpg/220px-Mary_Pickford_signing_the_entrance_to_the_Mary_Pickford_War_Funds_bungalow.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Mary_Pickford_signing_the_entrance_to_the_Mary_Pickford_War_Funds_bungalow.jpg/330px-Mary_Pickford_signing_the_entrance_to_the_Mary_Pickford_War_Funds_bungalow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Mary_Pickford_signing_the_entrance_to_the_Mary_Pickford_War_Funds_bungalow.jpg/440px-Mary_Pickford_signing_the_entrance_to_the_Mary_Pickford_War_Funds_bungalow.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="495" /></a><figcaption>Bungalow Mary Pickford War Funds, 1943</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1919, she increased her power by co-founding <a href="/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists">United Artists</a> (UA) with Charlie Chaplin, D. W. Griffith, and her soon-to-be husband, Douglas Fairbanks. Before UA's creation, Hollywood studios were vertically integrated, not only producing films but forming chains of theaters. Distributors (also part of the studios) arranged for company productions to be shown in the company's movie venues. Filmmakers relied on the studios for bookings; in return they put up with what many considered creative interference.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>United Artists broke from this tradition. It was solely a distribution company, offering independent film producers access to its own screens as well as the rental of temporarily unbooked cinemas owned by other companies. In 1919, Pickford established The Mary Pickford Company, that was devoted exclusively to producing films distributed by United Artists. With the film <i>Pollyanna</i> being Mary's first film distributed by The United Artists.<sup id="cite_ref-Mary_Pickford_Foundation_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mary_Pickford_Foundation-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pickford and Fairbanks produced and shot their films after 1920 at the jointly owned Pickford-Fairbanks studio on <a href="/wiki/Santa_Monica_Boulevard" title="Santa Monica Boulevard">Santa Monica Boulevard</a>. The producers who signed with UA were true independents, producing, creating and controlling their work to an unprecedented degree. As a co-founder, as well as the producer and star of her own films, Pickford became the most powerful woman who has ever worked in Hollywood. By 1930, her acting career had largely faded.<sup id="cite_ref-mdecline_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mdecline-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After retiring three years later, however, she continued to produce films for United Artists. She and Chaplin remained partners in the company for decades. Chaplin left the company in 1955, and Pickford followed suit in 1956, selling her remaining shares for $3 million.<sup id="cite_ref-ushistory_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ushistory-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She had purchased the rights to many of her early silent films with the intention of burning them on her death, but in 1970 she agreed to donate 50 of her Biograph films to the <a href="/wiki/American_Film_Institute" title="American Film Institute">American Film Institute</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Katz_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Katz-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1976, she received an <a href="/wiki/Academy_Honorary_Award" title="Academy Honorary Award">Academy Honorary Award</a> for her contribution to American film.<sup id="cite_ref-Katz_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Katz-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Pickford&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_Pickford_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Mary_Pickford_portrait.jpg/220px-Mary_Pickford_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Mary_Pickford_portrait.jpg/330px-Mary_Pickford_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Mary_Pickford_portrait.jpg/440px-Mary_Pickford_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="443" data-file-height="579" /></a><figcaption>Mary Pickford, 1921</figcaption></figure> <p>Pickford was married three times. She married <a href="/wiki/Owen_Moore" title="Owen Moore">Owen Moore</a>, an Irish-born silent film actor, on January 7, 1911. It is rumoured she became pregnant by Moore in the early 1910s and had a <a href="/wiki/Miscarriage" title="Miscarriage">miscarriage</a> or an <a href="/wiki/Abortion" title="Abortion">abortion</a>. Some accounts suggest this resulted in her later inability to have children.<sup id="cite_ref-Whitfield_6-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whitfield-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The couple's marriage was strained by Moore's alcoholism, insecurity about living in the shadow of Pickford's fame, and bouts of <a href="/wiki/Domestic_violence" title="Domestic violence">domestic violence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The couple lived together on-and-off for several years.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pickford became secretly involved in a relationship with <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Fairbanks" title="Douglas Fairbanks">Douglas Fairbanks</a>. They toured the U.S. together in 1918 to promote <a href="/wiki/Liberty_bond" title="Liberty bond">liberty bond</a> sales for the World War I effort. Around this time, Pickford also suffered from the flu during the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_flu" title="Spanish flu">1918 flu pandemic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pickford divorced Moore on March 2, 1920, after she agreed to his $100,000 demand for a settlement ($1.5 million in 2023, adjusted for inflation).<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She married Fairbanks just days later on March 28, 1920, in what was described as the "marriage of the century" and they were referred to as the King and Queen of Hollywood.<sup id="cite_ref-varobit_14-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-varobit-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They went to Europe for their honeymoon; fans in London and in Paris caused riots trying to get to the famous couple. The couple's triumphant return to Hollywood was witnessed by vast crowds who turned out to hail them at railway stations across the United States. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mark_of_Zorro_(1920_film)" title="The Mark of Zorro (1920 film)">The Mark of Zorro</a></i> (1920) and a series of other swashbucklers gave the popular Fairbanks a more romantic, heroic image. Pickford continued to epitomize the virtuous but fiery girl next door. Even at private parties, people instinctively stood up when Pickford entered a room; she and her husband were often referred to as "Hollywood royalty". Their international reputations were broad. Foreign heads of state and dignitaries who visited the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> often asked if they could also visit <a href="/wiki/Pickfair" title="Pickfair">Pickfair</a>, the couple's mansion in Beverly Hills.<sup id="cite_ref-filmbug_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-filmbug-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dinners at Pickfair became celebrity events. <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a>, Fairbanks' best friend, was often present. Other guests included <a href="/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw" title="George Bernard Shaw">George Bernard Shaw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elinor_Glyn" title="Elinor Glyn">Elinor Glyn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Helen_Keller" title="Helen Keller">Helen Keller</a>, <a href="/wiki/H._G._Wells" title="H. G. Wells">H. G. Wells</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Mountbatten" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Mountbatten">Lord Mountbatten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Kreisler" title="Fritz Kreisler">Fritz Kreisler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amelia_Earhart" title="Amelia Earhart">Amelia Earhart</a>, <a href="/wiki/F._Scott_Fitzgerald" title="F. Scott Fitzgerald">F. Scott Fitzgerald</a>, <a href="/wiki/No%C3%ABl_Coward" title="Noël Coward">Noël Coward</a>, <a href="/wiki/Max_Reinhardt" title="Max Reinhardt">Max Reinhardt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baron_Nishi" class="mw-redirect" title="Baron Nishi">Baron Nishi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Nemirovich-Danchenko" title="Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko">Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-BertenssonFryer2004_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BertenssonFryer2004-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sir <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Conan_Doyle" title="Arthur Conan Doyle">Arthur Conan Doyle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austen_Chamberlain" title="Austen Chamberlain">Austen Chamberlain</a>, Sir <a href="/wiki/Harry_Lauder" title="Harry Lauder">Harry Lauder</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Meher_Baba" title="Meher Baba">Meher Baba</a>, among others. However, the public nature of Pickford's second marriage strained it to the breaking point. Both she and Fairbanks had little time off from producing and acting in their films. They were also constantly on display as America's unofficial ambassadors to the world, leading parades, cutting ribbons, and making speeches. When their film careers both began to flounder at the end of the silent era, Fairbanks' restless nature prompted him to overseas travel (something which Pickford did not enjoy). When Fairbanks' romance with <a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Ashley" title="Sylvia Ashley">Sylvia, Lady Ashley</a> became public in the early 1930s, he and Pickford separated. They divorced January 10, 1936. Fairbanks' son by his first wife, <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Fairbanks_Jr." title="Douglas Fairbanks Jr.">Douglas Fairbanks Jr.</a>, claimed his father and Pickford long regretted their inability to reconcile.<sup id="cite_ref-Whitfield_6-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whitfield-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On June 24, 1937, Pickford married her third and last husband, actor and band leader Charles "Buddy" Rogers. They adopted two children: Ronald Charles (born 1937, adopted 1943, a.k.a. Ronnie Pickford Rogers), and Roxanne (born 1944, adopted 1944). A PBS <i><a href="/wiki/American_Experience" title="American Experience">American Experience</a></i> documentary described Pickford's relationship with her children as tense. She criticized their physical imperfections, including Ronnie's small stature and Roxanne's crooked teeth. Both children later said their mother was too self-absorbed to provide real maternal love. In 2003, Ronnie recalled that "Things didn't work out that much, you know. But I'll never forget her. I think that she was a good woman".<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_views">Political views</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Pickford&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Political views"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pickford supported <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dewey" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Dewey">Thomas Dewey</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1944_United_States_presidential_election" title="1944 United States presidential election">1944 United States presidential election</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater" title="Barry Goldwater">Barry Goldwater</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_presidential_election" title="1964 United States presidential election">1964 United States presidential election</a><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> in his <a href="/wiki/1966_California_gubernatorial_election" title="1966 California gubernatorial election">race for governor in 1966</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was a charter member of the Hollywood Republican Committee.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_years_and_death">Later years and death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Pickford&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Later years and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After retiring from the screen, Pickford became an alcoholic, as her father had been. Her mother Charlotte died of breast cancer in March 1928. Her siblings, Lottie and Jack, died of alcohol-related causes in 1936 and 1933. These deaths, her divorce from Fairbanks, and the end of silent films left Pickford deeply depressed. Her relationship with her adopted children, Roxanne and Ronald, was turbulent at best. Pickford withdrew and gradually became a recluse, remaining almost entirely at Pickfair and allowing visits only from <a href="/wiki/Lillian_Gish" title="Lillian Gish">Lillian Gish</a>, her stepson <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Fairbanks_Jr." title="Douglas Fairbanks Jr.">Douglas Fairbanks Jr.</a>, and a few select others. In 1955, she published her memoirs, <i>Sunshine and Shadows</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Katz_28-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Katz-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She had previously published <i>Why Not Try God</i> in 1934, an essay on spirituality and personal growth, <i>My Rendezvous with Life</i> (1935), an essay on death and her belief in an afterlife and also a novel in 1935, <i>The Demi-Widow</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Shipman_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shipman-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-varobit_14-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-varobit-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the mid-1960s, Pickford often received visitors only by telephone, speaking to them from her bedroom. <a href="/wiki/Charles_%22Buddy%22_Rogers" title="Charles "Buddy" Rogers">Charles "Buddy" Rogers</a> often gave guests tours of <a href="/wiki/Pickfair" title="Pickfair">Pickfair</a>, including views of a genuine western bar Pickford had bought for Douglas Fairbanks, and a portrait of Pickford in the drawing room. A print of this image now hangs in the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ushistory_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ushistory-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Pickford received an <a href="/wiki/Academy_Honorary_Award" title="Academy Honorary Award">Academy Honorary Award</a> in 1976, the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences">Academy</a> sent a TV crew to her house to record her short statement of thanks—offering the public a very rare glimpse into Pickfair Manor.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Charitable events continued to be held at Pickfair, including an annual Christmas party for blind war veterans, mostly from World War I.<sup id="cite_ref-varobit_14-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-varobit-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_Pickford_posing_with_a_group_of_employees_during_her_visit_to_the_General_Engineering_Company_(Canada)_munitions_factory_(I0004930).tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Mary_Pickford_posing_with_a_group_of_employees_during_her_visit_to_the_General_Engineering_Company_%28Canada%29_munitions_factory_%28I0004930%29.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Mary_Pickford_posing_with_a_group_of_employees_during_her_visit_to_the_General_Engineering_Company_%28Canada%29_munitions_factory_%28I0004930%29.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Mary_Pickford_posing_with_a_group_of_employees_during_her_visit_to_the_General_Engineering_Company_%28Canada%29_munitions_factory_%28I0004930%29.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Mary_Pickford_posing_with_a_group_of_employees_during_her_visit_to_the_General_Engineering_Company_%28Canada%29_munitions_factory_%28I0004930%29.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Mary_Pickford_posing_with_a_group_of_employees_during_her_visit_to_the_General_Engineering_Company_%28Canada%29_munitions_factory_%28I0004930%29.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Mary_Pickford_posing_with_a_group_of_employees_during_her_visit_to_the_General_Engineering_Company_%28Canada%29_munitions_factory_%28I0004930%29.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3700" data-file-height="2939" /></a><figcaption>Mary Pickford posing with a group of employees during her visit to the General Engineering Company (Canada) munitions factory on June 5, 1943</figcaption></figure> <p>Pickford acquired American citizenship when she married Fairbanks, an American citizen, in 1920. MGM agent William A. Orr reported to the US Congress in 1932 that Pickford was an American citizen.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pickford also believed that she had ceased to be a <a href="/wiki/British_subject" title="British subject">British subject</a> upon marrying Fairbanks.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, she held and traveled under British and later Canadian passports which she renewed regularly at the British and Canadian consulates in Los Angeles. She also owned a house in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Towards the end of her life, Pickford made arrangements with the Canadian Department of Citizenship to officially acquire Canadian citizenship because she wished to "die as a Canadian". Canadian authorities were not sure that she had ever lost her Canadian citizenship, given her passport status, but her request was approved and she officially became a Canadian citizen.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_Pickford_Tomb.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Mary_Pickford_Tomb.JPG/220px-Mary_Pickford_Tomb.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Mary_Pickford_Tomb.JPG/330px-Mary_Pickford_Tomb.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Mary_Pickford_Tomb.JPG/440px-Mary_Pickford_Tomb.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>The tomb of actress Mary Pickford in the Garden of Memory, Forest Lawn Glendale</figcaption></figure> <p>On May 29, 1979, Pickford died at a <a href="/wiki/Santa_Monica,_California" title="Santa Monica, California">Santa Monica, California</a>, hospital of complications from a <a href="/wiki/Cerebral_hemorrhage" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerebral hemorrhage">cerebral hemorrhage</a> she had suffered the week before.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was interred in the Garden of Memory of the <a href="/wiki/Forest_Lawn_Memorial_Park_(Glendale)" title="Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)">Forest Lawn Memorial Park</a> cemetery in <a href="/wiki/Glendale,_California" title="Glendale, California">Glendale, California</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Pickford&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 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.ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Mary_Pickford" title="Special:EditPage/Mary Pickford">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>Pickford was awarded a star in the category of motion pictures on the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame" title="Hollywood Walk of Fame">Hollywood Walk of Fame</a> at 6280 Hollywood Blvd.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Her handprints and footprints are displayed at <a href="/wiki/Grauman%27s_Chinese_Theatre" title="Grauman's Chinese Theatre">Grauman's Chinese Theatre</a> in Hollywood, California. Although the theater's official account credits <a href="/wiki/Norma_Talmadge" title="Norma Talmadge">Norma Talmadge</a> as having inspired the theater's tradition of putting footprints in concrete when she accidentally stepped into wet concrete,<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in a short interview during the September 13, 1937, <i><a href="/wiki/Lux_Radio_Theatre" title="Lux Radio Theatre">Lux Radio Theatre</a></i> broadcast of a radio adaptation of <i><a href="/wiki/A_Star_Is_Born_(1937_film)" title="A Star Is Born (1937 film)">A Star Is Born</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Sid_Grauman" title="Sid Grauman">Sid Grauman</a> related another version of how he got the idea to put hand and foot prints in the concrete, involving Pickford. He said it was "pure accident. I walked right into it. While we were building the theatre, I accidentally happened to step in some soft concrete. And there it was. So, I went to Mary Pickford immediately. Mary put her foot into it".<sup id="cite_ref-EndresCushman_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EndresCushman-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 194">: 194 </span></sup></li> <li>She is represented in <a href="/wiki/Herg%C3%A9" title="Hergé">Hergé</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Tintin_in_America" title="Tintin in America">Tintin in America</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Pickford_Center_for_Motion_Picture_Study" title="Pickford Center for Motion Picture Study">Pickford Center for Motion Picture Study</a> at 1313 Vine Street in Hollywood, constructed by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, opened in 1948 as a radio and television studio facility.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Mary_Pickford_Theater" title="Mary Pickford Theater">Mary Pickford Theater</a> at the <a href="/wiki/James_Madison_Memorial_Building" title="James Madison Memorial Building">James Madison Memorial Building</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> is named in her honor.<sup id="cite_ref-ushistory_36-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ushistory-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Mary_Pickford_(cocktail)" title="Mary Pickford (cocktail)">prohibition-era cocktail</a> was named in her honor.</li> <li>The Mary Pickford Auditorium at <a href="/wiki/Claremont_McKenna_College" title="Claremont McKenna College">Claremont McKenna College</a> is named in her honor.</li> <li>In 1948, Mary Pickford built a seven-bedroom, eight-bathroom, 6,050-square-foot (562 m<sup>2</sup>) estate on 2.12 acres (8,600 m<sup>2</sup>) at the <a href="/wiki/B_Bar_H_Ranch,_California" title="B Bar H Ranch, California">B Bar H Ranch, California</a>, where she lived and then later sold.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A first-run movie theatre in <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_City,_California" title="Cathedral City, California">Cathedral City, California</a>, is called The Mary Pickford Theatre, which was established on May 25, 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The theater is a grand one with several screens and is built in the shape of a Spanish Cathedral, complete with bell tower and three-story lobby. The lobby contains a historic display with original artifacts belonging to Pickford and Buddy Rogers, her last husband. Among them are a rare and spectacular beaded gown she wore in the film <i><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Vernon_of_Haddon_Hall_(film)" title="Dorothy Vernon of Haddon Hall (film)">Dorothy Vernon of Haddon Hall</a></i> (1924) designed by <a href="/wiki/Mitchell_Leisen" title="Mitchell Leisen">Mitchell Leisen</a>, her special Oscar, and a jewelry box. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>The 1980 stage musical <i><a href="/wiki/The_Biograph_Girl" title="The Biograph Girl">The Biograph Girl</a></i>, about the silent film era, features the character of Pickford.</li> <li>In 2007, the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences">Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences</a> sued the estate of the deceased Buddy Rogers' second wife, Beverly Rogers, in order to stop the public sale of one of Pickford's <a href="/wiki/Oscars" class="mw-redirect" title="Oscars">Oscars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Oscars_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oscars-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A bust and historical plaque marks her birthplace in Toronto, now the site of <a href="/wiki/The_Hospital_for_Sick_Children,_Toronto" class="mw-redirect" title="The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto">the Hospital for Sick Children</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plaque was unveiled by her husband Buddy Rogers in 1973. The bust by artist Eino Gira was added ten years later.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her date of birth is stated on the plaque as April 8, 1893. This can only be assumed to be because her date of birth was never registered; throughout her life, beginning as a child, she led many people to believe that she was a year younger than her real age, so that she appeared to be more of an acting prodigy and continued to be cast in younger roles, which were more plentiful in the theatre.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The family home had been demolished in 1943, and many of the bricks delivered to Pickford in California. Proceeds from the sale of the property were donated by Pickford to build a bungalow in <a href="/wiki/East_York" title="East York">East York</a>, Ontario which was then a Toronto suburb. The bungalow was the first prize in a lottery in Toronto to benefit war charities, and Pickford unveiled the home on May 26, 1943.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 1993, a Golden Palm Star on the <a href="/wiki/Palm_Springs_Walk_of_Stars" title="Palm Springs Walk of Stars">Palm Springs Walk of Stars</a> was dedicated to her.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Pickford received a posthumous star on <a href="/wiki/Canada%27s_Walk_of_Fame" title="Canada's Walk of Fame">Canada's Walk of Fame</a> in Toronto in 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-cwof_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cwof-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Pickford was featured on a Canadian postage stamp in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>From January 2011 until July 2011, the <a href="/wiki/Toronto_International_Film_Festival" title="Toronto International Film Festival">Toronto International Film Festival</a> exhibited a collection of Mary Pickford memorabilia in the Canadian Film Gallery of the TIFF Bell LightBox building.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In February 2011, the <a href="/wiki/Spadina_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Spadina Museum">Spadina Museum</a>, dedicated to the 1920s and 1930s era in Toronto, staged performances of <i>Sweetheart: The Mary Pickford Story</i>, a one-woman musical based on the life and career of Pickford.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Since 2013, the Mary Pickford Foundation has sponsored <i>The Pickford Composers</i> and <i>The Pickford Ensemble</i> at <a href="/wiki/Pepperdine_University" title="Pepperdine University">Pepperdine University</a>, composed of students learning to develop music scores for live players to support silent films onscreen.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2013, a copy of an early Pickford film that was thought to be lost (<i><a href="/wiki/Their_First_Misunderstanding" title="Their First Misunderstanding">Their First Misunderstanding</a></i>) was found by Peter Massie, a carpenter tearing down an abandoned barn in <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a>. It was donated to <a href="/wiki/Keene_State_College" title="Keene State College">Keene State College</a> and is currently undergoing restoration by the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> for exhibition. The film is notable as being the first in which Pickford was credited by name.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On August 29, 2014, while presenting <i><a href="/wiki/Behind_the_Scenes_(1914_film)" title="Behind the Scenes (1914 film)">Behind The Scenes</a></i> (1914) at <a href="/wiki/Cinecon" title="Cinecon">Cinecon</a>, film historian <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Vance" title="Jeffrey Vance">Jeffrey Vance</a> announced he is working with the Mary Pickford Foundation on what will be her official biography.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Google_Doodle" title="Google Doodle">Google Doodle</a> of April 8, 2017, commemorated Mary Pickford's 125th birthday.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>The Girls in the Picture</i>, a 2018 novel by <a href="/wiki/Melanie_Benjamin_(author)" title="Melanie Benjamin (author)">Melanie Benjamin</a>, is a historical fiction about the friendship of Mary Pickford and screenwriter <a href="/wiki/Frances_Marion" title="Frances Marion">Frances Marion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On August 20, 2019, the <a href="/wiki/Toronto_International_Film_Festival" title="Toronto International Film Festival">Toronto International Film Festival</a> announced <a href="/wiki/Mati_Diop" title="Mati Diop">Mati Diop</a> as the recipient of the first Mary Pickford Award.<sup id="cite_ref-tiff2019_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tiff2019-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 185px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grauman%27s_Chinese_Theatre,_mary_pickford.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Pickford's handprints and footprints at Grauman's Chinese Theatre in Hollywood, California"><img alt="Pickford's handprints and footprints at Grauman's Chinese Theatre in Hollywood, California" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Grauman%27s_Chinese_Theatre%2C_mary_pickford.JPG/200px-Grauman%27s_Chinese_Theatre%2C_mary_pickford.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Grauman%27s_Chinese_Theatre%2C_mary_pickford.JPG/300px-Grauman%27s_Chinese_Theatre%2C_mary_pickford.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Grauman%27s_Chinese_Theatre%2C_mary_pickford.JPG/400px-Grauman%27s_Chinese_Theatre%2C_mary_pickford.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pickford's handprints and footprints at <a href="/wiki/Grauman%27s_Chinese_Theatre" title="Grauman's Chinese Theatre">Grauman's Chinese Theatre</a> in Hollywood, California</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 185px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_Pickford_star_on_Walk_of_Fame.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pickford's star on the Walk of Fame in Toronto"><img alt="Pickford's star on the Walk of Fame in Toronto" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Mary_Pickford_star_on_Walk_of_Fame.jpg/200px-Mary_Pickford_star_on_Walk_of_Fame.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Mary_Pickford_star_on_Walk_of_Fame.jpg/300px-Mary_Pickford_star_on_Walk_of_Fame.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Mary_Pickford_star_on_Walk_of_Fame.jpg/400px-Mary_Pickford_star_on_Walk_of_Fame.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1726" data-file-height="1254" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pickford's star on the Walk of Fame in Toronto</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 185px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PickfordCenter01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pickford Center for Motion Picture Study in Hollywood, California"><img alt="Pickford Center for Motion Picture Study in Hollywood, California" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/PickfordCenter01.jpg/200px-PickfordCenter01.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/PickfordCenter01.jpg/300px-PickfordCenter01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/PickfordCenter01.jpg/400px-PickfordCenter01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pickford Center for Motion Picture Study in Hollywood, California</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filmography">Filmography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Pickford&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Filmography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mary_Pickford_filmography" title="Mary Pickford filmography">Mary Pickford filmography</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Pickford&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 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data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Films" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Films">Films</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/17px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="19" class="mw-file-element" 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data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Mary_Pickford" title="Timeline of Mary Pickford">Timeline of Mary Pickford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_actors_with_Academy_Award_nominations" title="List of actors with Academy Award nominations">List of actors with Academy Award nominations</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Pickford&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Pickford&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-pbs-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pbs_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pbs_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/pickford-1892-1979/">Biography</a>, pbs.org. Accessed December 20, 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Photoplay, Volume 18, Issues 2–6</i>. Macfadden Publications. 1920. p. 99.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Photoplay%2C+Volume+18%2C+Issues+2%E2%80%936&rft.pages=99&rft.pub=Macfadden+Publications&rft.date=1920&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Pickford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKatherine_H._Adams,_Michael_L._Keene_and_Jennifer_C._Koella2011" class="citation book cs1">Katherine H. Adams, Michael L. Keene and Jennifer C. Koella (December 8, 2011). <i>Seeing the American Woman, 1880–1920: The Social Impact of the Visual Media Explosion</i>. McFarland. p. 32.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Seeing+the+American+Woman%2C+1880%E2%80%931920%3A+The+Social+Impact+of+the+Visual+Media+Explosion&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2011-12-08&rft.au=Katherine+H.+Adams%2C+Michael+L.+Keene+and+Jennifer+C.+Koella&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Pickford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Whitfield, Eileen: Pickford: the Woman Who Made Hollywood (1997), pp. 8, 25, 28, 115, 125, 126, 131, 300, 376. University Press of Kentucky; ISBN 0-8131-2045-4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLovePollackLandsberg2017" class="citation web cs1">Love, Claire; Pollack, Jen; Landsberg, Alison (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.womenshistory.org/articles/silent-film-actresses-and-their-most-popular-characters">"Silent Film Actresses and Their Most Popular Characters"</a>. National Women's History Museum.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Silent+Film+Actresses+and+Their+Most+Popular+Characters&rft.pub=National+Women%27s+History+Museum&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Love&rft.aufirst=Claire&rft.au=Pollack%2C+Jen&rft.au=Landsberg%2C+Alison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.womenshistory.org%2Farticles%2Fsilent-film-actresses-and-their-most-popular-characters&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Pickford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Whitfield-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Whitfield_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Whitfield_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Whitfield_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Whitfield_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Whitfield_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Whitfield_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Whitfield_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Whitfield_6-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Whitfield_6-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Whitfield_6-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Whitfield_6-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Whitfield_6-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Whitfield_6-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Whitfield_6-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Whitfield, Eileen: <i>Pickford: the Woman Who Made Hollywood</i> (1997), pp. 8, 25, 28, 115, 125, 126, 131, 300, 376. <a href="/wiki/University_Press_of_Kentucky" title="University Press of Kentucky">University Press of Kentucky</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8131-2045-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8131-2045-4">0-8131-2045-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKevin_Brownlow1968" class="citation book cs1">Kevin Brownlow (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/paradesgoneby0000brow/page/123"><i>The Parade's Gone by ...</i></a> <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/paradesgoneby0000brow/page/123">123</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-03068-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-03068-8"><bdi>978-0-520-03068-8</bdi></a>. <q>I was baptized Gladys Marie by a French priest – Gladys Marie Smith. David Belasco settled on Pickford after I told him the various names in my family ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Parade%27s+Gone+by+...&rft.pages=123&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1968&rft.isbn=978-0-520-03068-8&rft.au=Kevin+Brownlow&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fparadesgoneby0000brow%2Fpage%2F123&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Pickford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-baptism-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-baptism_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeavey2011" class="citation book cs1">Leavey, Peggy Dymond (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4kpQm2BLYigC&pg=PA15"><i>Mary Pickford: Canada's Silent Siren, America's Sweetheart</i></a>. Dundurn. p. 15. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4597-0076-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4597-0076-5"><bdi>978-1-4597-0076-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 19,</span> 2014</span>. <q>Gladys Smith (Mary Pickford) was baptized in the Catholic faith at the age of four at her home by a visiting priest.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mary+Pickford%3A+Canada%27s+Silent+Siren%2C+America%27s+Sweetheart&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=Dundurn&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4597-0076-5&rft.aulast=Leavey&rft.aufirst=Peggy+Dymond&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4kpQm2BLYigC%26pg%3DPA15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Pickford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeavey2011" class="citation book cs1">Leavey, Peggy Dymond (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4kpQm2BLYigC&q=murphy"><i>Mary Pickford: Canada's Silent Siren, America's Sweetheart</i></a>. Toronto, Canada: Dundurn. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55488-945-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55488-945-7"><bdi>978-1-55488-945-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 31,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mary+Pickford%3A+Canada%27s+Silent+Siren%2C+America%27s+Sweetheart&rft.place=Toronto%2C+Canada&rft.pub=Dundurn&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-55488-945-7&rft.aulast=Leavey&rft.aufirst=Peggy+Dymond&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4kpQm2BLYigC%26q%3Dmurphy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Pickford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEileen_Whitfield2007" class="citation book cs1">Eileen Whitfield (2007). <i>Pickford: The Woman Who Made Hollywood</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_Press_of_Kentucky" title="University Press of Kentucky">University Press of Kentucky</a>. p. 38. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780813120454" title="Special:BookSources/9780813120454"><bdi>9780813120454</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pickford%3A+The+Woman+Who+Made+Hollywood&rft.pages=38&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kentucky&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780813120454&rft.au=Eileen+Whitfield&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Pickford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Pictorial History of the American Theatre 1860–1985</i> by Daniel C. Blum, c. 1985</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-filmbug-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-filmbug_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-filmbug_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.filmbug.com/db/342424">"Mary Pickford at Filmbug"</a>. Filmbug<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 24,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mary+Pickford+at+Filmbug.&rft.pub=Filmbug&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.filmbug.com%2Fdb%2F342424&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Pickford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mary Pickford, <i>Sunshine and Shadow</i>, Doubleday & Co., 1955, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-varobit-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-varobit_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-varobit_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-varobit_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-varobit_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-varobit_14-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-varobit_14-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-varobit_14-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-varobit_14-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-varobit_14-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-varobit_14-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1">"Mary Pickford, 86, First Great Film Star, Dies Five Days After Massive Stroke". <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Variety" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily Variety">Daily Variety</a></i>. May 30, 1979. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Variety&rft.atitle=Mary+Pickford%2C+86%2C+First+Great+Film+Star%2C+Dies+Five+Days+After+Massive+Stroke&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1979-05-30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Pickford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZonarich2013" class="citation web cs1">Zonarich, Gene (August 3, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://11east14thstreet.com/2013/08/02/florence-la-badie-becoming/">"Florence La Badie, Becoming"</a>. <i>11 East 14th Street</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 8,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=11+East+14th+Street&rft.atitle=Florence+La+Badie%2C+Becoming&rft.date=2013-08-03&rft.aulast=Zonarich&rft.aufirst=Gene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F11east14thstreet.com%2F2013%2F08%2F02%2Fflorence-la-badie-becoming%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Pickford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://marypickford.org/mary-pickford-chronology/">"Mary Pickford Chronology"</a>. <i>Mary Pickford Foundation</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 27,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mary+Pickford+Foundation&rft.atitle=Mary+Pickford+Chronology&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmarypickford.org%2Fmary-pickford-chronology%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Pickford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.discover-southern-ontario.com/mary-pickford.html">"Mary Pickford, America's Sweetheart, born in Toronto, actress"</a>. <i>www.discover-southern-ontario.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 27,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.discover-southern-ontario.com&rft.atitle=Mary+Pickford%2C+America%27s+Sweetheart%2C+born+in+Toronto%2C+actress&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.discover-southern-ontario.com%2Fmary-pickford.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Pickford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.goldensilents.com/stars/marypickford.html">"Mary Pickford at Golden Silents"</a>. Golden Silents.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mary+Pickford+at+Golden+Silents.&rft.pub=Golden+Silents.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.goldensilents.com%2Fstars%2Fmarypickford.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Pickford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharles_Affron2002" class="citation book cs1">Charles Affron (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=X44SqEVU2r4C&pg=PA19"><i>Lillian Gish: her legend, her life</i></a>. University of California Press. pp. 19–20. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-23434-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-23434-5"><bdi>978-0-520-23434-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lillian+Gish%3A+her+legend%2C+her+life&rft.pages=19-20&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-520-23434-5&rft.au=Charles+Affron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DX44SqEVU2r4C%26pg%3DPA19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Pickford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kevin_Brownlow-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kevin_Brownlow_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kevin_Brownlow_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kevin_Brownlow_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrownlow1999" class="citation book cs1">Brownlow, Kevin (1999). <i>Mary Pickford Rediscovered</i>. Harry N. Abrams. pp. 86, 93. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8109-4374-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8109-4374-2"><bdi>978-0-8109-4374-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mary+Pickford+Rediscovered&rft.pages=86%2C+93&rft.pub=Harry+N.+Abrams&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-8109-4374-2&rft.aulast=Brownlow&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Pickford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MBI)-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MBI)_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080708203521/http://www.marypickford.com/mpickford_bio.pdf">"Mary Pickford, filmmaker"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marypickford.com/mpickford_bio.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on July 8, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 25,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mary+Pickford%2C+filmmaker&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marypickford.com%2Fmpickford_bio.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Pickford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLane2002" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Lane, Christina (January 29, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120710073149/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_g1epc/is_bio/ai_2419200952"><i>Mary Pickford</i></a>. St. James Encyclopedia of Pop Culture. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_g1epc/is_bio/ai_2419200952">the original</a> on July 10, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 11,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mary+Pickford&rft.pub=St.+James+Encyclopedia+of+Pop+Culture&rft.date=2002-01-29&rft.aulast=Lane&rft.aufirst=Christina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffindarticles.com%2Fp%2Farticles%2Fmi_g1epc%2Fis_bio%2Fai_2419200952&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Pickford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-P)(-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-P)(_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/pickford/timeline/index.html">"Timeline: Mary Pickford"</a>. <i>American Experience</i>. PBS. July 23, 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 11,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Experience&rft.atitle=Timeline%3A+Mary+Pickford&rft.date=2004-07-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Famex%2Fpickford%2Ftimeline%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Pickford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Balio_p._159-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Balio_p._159_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBalio1985">Balio 1985</a>, p. 159</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Clip of Douglas Fairbanks Jr. describing this incident. <i>Mary Pickford: Muse of the Movies</i>, 2008. Documentary.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The New York Times</i>, November 10, 1918. p. 20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OP-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OP_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OP_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OP_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/pickford/timeline/timeline2.html">"Timeline: Mary Pickford"</a>. <i>American Experience</i>. PBS. July 23, 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 11,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Experience&rft.atitle=Timeline%3A+Mary+Pickford&rft.date=2004-07-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Famex%2Fpickford%2Ftimeline%2Ftimeline2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Pickford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Katz-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Katz_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Katz_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Katz_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Katz_28-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKatz1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ephraim_Katz" title="Ephraim Katz">Katz, Ephraim</a> (1998). <i>The Macmillan International Film Encyclopedia</i> (3rd ed.). New York: Macmillan. p. 1087. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-333-74037-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-333-74037-8"><bdi>0-333-74037-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/39216574">39216574</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Macmillan+International+Film+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=1087&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F39216574&rft.isbn=0-333-74037-8&rft.aulast=Katz&rft.aufirst=Ephraim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Pickford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/pickford/peopleevents/e_fans.html">People & Events: Mary Pickford, <i>Fan Culture</i></a>, PBS.org; accessed December 4, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mdecline-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mdecline_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mdecline_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mdecline_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/pickford/peopleevents/e_decline.html">The Long Decline</a>, PBS.org; accessed December 4, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndre_Soares" class="citation web cs1">Andre Soares. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.altfg.com/film/mary-pickford-oscar-controversy/">"Mary Pickford Oscar Controversy"</a>. <i>Alt Film Guide</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alt+Film+Guide&rft.atitle=Mary+Pickford+Oscar+Controversy&rft.au=Andre+Soares&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.altfg.com%2Ffilm%2Fmary-pickford-oscar-controversy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Pickford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/pickford/peopleevents/p_fairbanks.html">"Douglas Fairbanks profile"</a>, pbs.org; accessed May 19, 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamon1997" class="citation book cs1">Ramon, David (1997). <i>The Dodge Brothers Hour</i>. Clío. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/968-6932-35-6" title="Special:BookSources/968-6932-35-6"><bdi>968-6932-35-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dodge+Brothers+Hour&rft.pub=Cl%C3%ADo&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=968-6932-35-6&rft.aulast=Ramon&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Pickford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shipman-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shipman_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shipman_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shipman_34-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShipman1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Shipman_(writer)" title="David Shipman (writer)">Shipman, David</a> (1995). <i>The Great Movie Stars: The Golden Years</i>. Warner Books. pp. 461–466. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7515-0809-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7515-0809-8"><bdi>0-7515-0809-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Movie+Stars%3A+The+Golden+Years&rft.pages=461-466&rft.pub=Warner+Books&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-7515-0809-8&rft.aulast=Shipman&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Pickford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDonald2000" class="citation book cs1">McDonald, Paul (2000). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/starsystemhollyw00mcdo"><i>The Star System: Hollywood's Production of Popular Identities</i></a></span>. London: Wallflower. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/starsystemhollyw00mcdo/page/n44">33</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-903364-02-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-903364-02-4"><bdi>978-1-903364-02-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Star+System%3A+Hollywood%27s+Production+of+Popular+Identities&rft.place=London&rft.pages=33&rft.pub=Wallflower&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-903364-02-4&rft.aulast=McDonald&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstarsystemhollyw00mcdo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Pickford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ushistory-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ushistory_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ushistory_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ushistory_36-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ushistory_36-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h3890.html">"Mary Pickford biography"</a>. <i>u-s-history.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 24,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=u-s-history.com&rft.atitle=Mary+Pickford+biography&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.u-s-history.com%2Fpages%2Fh3890.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Pickford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mary_Pickford_Foundation-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mary_Pickford_Foundation_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://marypickford.org/mary-pickford-chronology/">"Mary Pickford Chronology"</a>. <i>Mary Pickford Mary Pickford Foundation</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 22,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mary+Pickford+Mary+Pickford+Foundation&rft.atitle=Mary+Pickford+Chronology&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmarypickford.org%2Fmary-pickford-chronology%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Pickford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorliss1998" class="citation journal cs1">Corliss, Richard (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43455302">"Queen of the Movies"</a>. <i>Film Comment</i>. <b>34</b> (2): 53–62. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0015-119X">0015-119X</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43455302">43455302</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Film+Comment&rft.atitle=Queen+of+the+Movies&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=53-62&rft.date=1998&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43455302%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0015-119X&rft.aulast=Corliss&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43455302&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Pickford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peggy Dymond Leavey, <i>Mary Pickford: Canada's Silent Siren, America's Sweetheart</i>. Dundurn Press (2011), pp. 80–81. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1554889457" title="Special:BookSources/978-1554889457">978-1554889457</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirsty_Duncan2006" class="citation book cs1">Kirsty Duncan (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8YEFuNHTrToC&pg=PA16"><i>Hunting the 1918 Flu: One Scientist's Search for a Killer Virus</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto_Press" title="University of Toronto Press">University of Toronto Press</a>. p. 16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-9456-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-9456-8"><bdi>978-0-8020-9456-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 12,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hunting+the+1918+Flu%3A+One+Scientist%27s+Search+for+a+Killer+Virus&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-8020-9456-8&rft.au=Kirsty+Duncan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8YEFuNHTrToC%26pg%3DPA16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Pickford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peggy Dymond Leavey, <i>Mary Pickford: Canada's Silent Siren, America's Sweetheart</i>. Dundurn Press (2011), p. 110</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BertenssonFryer2004-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BertenssonFryer2004_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBertenssonFryerShoulgat2004" class="citation book cs1">Bertensson, Sergei; Fryer, Paul; Shoulgat, Anna (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=q-q7vtY7jXUC&pg=PA47"><i>In Hollywood with Nemirovich-Danchenko, 1926–1927: the memoirs of Sergei Bertensson</i></a>. Scarecrow Press. pp. 47–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-4988-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-4988-4"><bdi>978-0-8108-4988-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 19,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Hollywood+with+Nemirovich-Danchenko%2C+1926%E2%80%931927%3A+the+memoirs+of+Sergei+Bertensson&rft.pages=47-&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-4988-4&rft.aulast=Bertensson&rft.aufirst=Sergei&rft.au=Fryer%2C+Paul&rft.au=Shoulgat%2C+Anna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dq-q7vtY7jXUC%26pg%3DPA47&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Pickford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/pickford/peopleevents/p_rogers.html">"Buddy Rogers, Mary Pickford and Their Children"</a>. American Experience<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 26,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Buddy+Rogers%2C+Mary+Pickford+and+Their+Children&rft.pub=American+Experience&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Famex%2Fpickford%2Fpeopleevents%2Fp_rogers.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Pickford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCritchlow2013" class="citation book cs1">Critchlow, Donald T. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EfI0AgAAQBAJ&q=when+hollywood+was+right"><i>When Hollywood Was Right: How Movie Stars, Studio Moguls, and Big Business Remade American Politics</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 173. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781107650282" title="Special:BookSources/9781107650282"><bdi>9781107650282</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=When+Hollywood+Was+Right%3A+How+Movie+Stars%2C+Studio+Moguls%2C+and+Big+Business+Remade+American+Politics&rft.pages=173&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781107650282&rft.aulast=Critchlow&rft.aufirst=Donald+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEfI0AgAAQBAJ%26q%3Dwhen%2Bhollywood%2Bwas%2Bright&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Pickford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCritchlow2013" class="citation book cs1">Critchlow, Donald T. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QfHXAAAAQBAJ&q=Mary%20Pickford"><i>When Hollywood Was Right: How Movie Stars, Studio Moguls, and Big Business Remade American Politics</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1107650282" title="Special:BookSources/978-1107650282"><bdi>978-1107650282</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=When+Hollywood+Was+Right%3A+How+Movie+Stars%2C+Studio+Moguls%2C+and+Big+Business+Remade+American+Politics&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1107650282&rft.aulast=Critchlow&rft.aufirst=Donald+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQfHXAAAAQBAJ%26q%3DMary%2520Pickford&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Pickford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Film Notables Open Drive for G.O.P. President". <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. October 20, 1947. p. 8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Film+Notables+Open+Drive+for+G.O.P.+President&rft.pages=8&rft.date=1947-10-20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Pickford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vXhqrbSeOE"><i>The 48th Annual Academy Awards</i></a>. March 29, 1976.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+48th+Annual+Academy+Awards&rft.date=1976-03-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D3vXhqrbSeOE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Pickford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TLEYAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA19"><i>Hearings</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Judiciary_Subcommittee_on_Immigration_Integrity,_Security,_and_Enforcement" title="United States House Judiciary Subcommittee on Immigration Integrity, Security, and Enforcement">Committee on Immigration and Naturalization</a>, US Congress. 1932. p. 19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hearings&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=Committee+on+Immigration+and+Naturalization%2C+US+Congress&rft.date=1932&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTLEYAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Pickford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1">"Mary Pickford Files TV Bid". <i>Billboard</i>. April 30, 1949. p. 14. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0006-2510">0006-2510</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=Mary+Pickford+Files+TV+Bid&rft.pages=14&rft.date=1949-04-30&rft.issn=0006-2510&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Pickford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColombo2011" class="citation book cs1">Colombo, John Robert (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fascinatingcanad0000colo/page/20"><i>Fascinating Canada: A Book of Questions and Answers</i></a>. Dundurn. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fascinatingcanad0000colo/page/20">20</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55488-923-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55488-923-5"><bdi>978-1-55488-923-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fascinating+Canada%3A+A+Book+of+Questions+and+Answers&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=Dundurn&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-55488-923-5&rft.aulast=Colombo&rft.aufirst=John+Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffascinatingcanad0000colo%2Fpage%2F20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Pickford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=YJlVAAAAIBAJ&pg=2767,848052&dq=mary+pickford+citizenship&hl=en">"City, fans honor Mary Pickford"</a>. <i>The Leader-Post</i>. May 18, 1983. pp. D–8<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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May 30, 1979. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1964&dat=19790530&id=GkgjAAAAIBAJ&pg=6637,4772311">the original</a> on January 24, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 26,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Palm+Beach+Post&rft.atitle=Mary+Pickford+Is+Dead+at+86&rft.date=1979-05-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D1964%26dat%3D19790530%26id%3DGkgjAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D6637%2C4772311&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Pickford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.walkoffame.com/mary-pickford">"Mary Pickford – Hollywood Walk of Fame"</a>. October 25, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mary+Pickford+%E2%80%93+Hollywood+Walk+of+Fame&rft.date=2019-10-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.walkoffame.com%2Fmary-pickford&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Pickford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis2014" class="citation news cs1">Davis, Laura E. (March 13, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/nation/la-xpm-2014-mar-13-la-sh-throwback-thursday-stars-handprints-hollywood-chinese-theatre-20140312-story.html">"Throwback Thursday: The story behind stars' handprints in Hollywood"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0458-3035">0458-3035</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201123083125/https://www.latimes.com/nation/la-xpm-2014-mar-13-la-sh-throwback-thursday-stars-handprints-hollywood-chinese-theatre-20140312-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 23, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 15,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Throwback+Thursday%3A+The+story+behind+stars%27+handprints+in+Hollywood&rft.date=2014-03-13&rft.issn=0458-3035&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Laura+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fnation%2Fla-xpm-2014-mar-13-la-sh-throwback-thursday-stars-handprints-hollywood-chinese-theatre-20140312-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Pickford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EndresCushman-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EndresCushman_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEndresCushman2009" class="citation book cs1">Endres, Stacey; Cushman, Robert (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CRiQCgAAQBAJ"><i>Hollywood at Your Feet: The Story of the World-Famous Chinese Theater</i></a>. Pomegranate Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780938817642" title="Special:BookSources/9780938817642"><bdi>9780938817642</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201123083136/https://books.google.com/books?id=CRiQCgAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on November 23, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 15,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hollywood+at+Your+Feet%3A+The+Story+of+the+World-Famous+Chinese+Theater&rft.pub=Pomegranate+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780938817642&rft.aulast=Endres&rft.aufirst=Stacey&rft.au=Cushman%2C+Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCRiQCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Pickford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tintinomania.com/tintin-en-amerique">"TINTIN En Amérique"</a>. <i>TINTINOMANIA</i> (in French). October 26, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Globe Pequot Press. p. 28. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4930-3085-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4930-3085-9"><bdi>978-1-4930-3085-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+Location%3A+A+Film+and+TV+Lover%27s+Travel+Guide&rft.pages=28&rft.pub=Globe+Pequot+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-4930-3085-9&rft.aulast=Iannucci&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_QNBDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Pickford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oscars-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Oscars_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiderious2007" class="citation news cs1">Siderious, Christina (September 1, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070903193139/http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2003863659_oscar01m.html">"The Oscar goes to ... Court"</a>. <i>The Seattle Times</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2003863659_oscar01m.html">the original</a> on September 3, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Seattle+Times&rft.atitle=The+Oscar+goes+to+...+Court&rft.date=2007-09-01&rft.aulast=Siderious&rft.aufirst=Christina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fseattletimes.nwsource.com%2Fhtml%2Flocalnews%2F2003863659_oscar01m.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Pickford" class="Z3988"></span>; September 1, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20070420124628/http://www.alanbrown.com/TorontoHistory/Pages_MNO/Mary_Pickford.html">"Mary Pickford Historical Plaque"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alanbrown.com/TorontoHistory/Pages_MNO/Mary_Pickford.html">the original</a> on April 20, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 3,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mary+Pickford+Historical+Plaque&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alanbrown.com%2FTorontoHistory%2FPages_MNO%2FMary_Pickford.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Pickford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFiley2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Filey" title="Mike Filey">Filey, Mike</a> (2002). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/torontoalbummore00file"><i>A Toronto Album 2: More Glimpses of the City That Was</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Dundurn_Press" title="Dundurn Press">Dundurn Press</a> Ltd. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/torontoalbummore00file/page/n13">9</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781550023930" title="Special:BookSources/9781550023930"><bdi>9781550023930</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Toronto+Album+2%3A+More+Glimpses+of+the+City+That+Was&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Dundurn+Press+Ltd&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9781550023930&rft.aulast=Filey&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftorontoalbummore00file&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Pickford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/women/030001-1260-e.html">"Archived – Mary Pickford – Celebrating Women's Achievements"</a>. 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April 8, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 8,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Google&rft.atitle=Mary+Pickford%27s+125th+birthday&rft.date=2017-04-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoodles.google%2Fdoodle%2Fmary-pickfords-125th-birthday%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Pickford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZimmerman2018" class="citation news cs1">Zimmerman, Jean (January 17, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2018/01/17/577723549/girls-in-the-picture-traces-a-friendship-in-the-flickers">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Girls in the Picture' Traces A Friendship in the Flickers"</a>. <i>NPR</i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Public_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="National Public Radio">National Public Radio</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 22,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=%27Girls+in+the+Picture%27+Traces+A+Friendship+in+the+Flickers&rft.date=2018-01-17&rft.aulast=Zimmerman&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2018%2F01%2F17%2F577723549%2Fgirls-in-the-picture-traces-a-friendship-in-the-flickers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Pickford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tiff2019-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tiff2019_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBell2019" class="citation news cs1">Bell, BreAnna (August 20, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2019/film/news/mati-diop-mary-pickford-award-toronto-international-film-festival-1203306445/">"Toronto Film Festival: Director Mati Diop to Receive Inaugural Mary Pickford Award"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190820143541/https://variety.com/2019/film/news/mati-diop-mary-pickford-award-toronto-international-film-festival-1203306445/">Archived</a> from the original on August 20, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 28,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Toronto+Film+Festival%3A+Director+Mati+Diop+to+Receive+Inaugural+Mary+Pickford+Award&rft.date=2019-08-20&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=BreAnna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2019%2Ffilm%2Fnews%2Fmati-diop-mary-pickford-award-toronto-international-film-festival-1203306445%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Pickford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_sources">General sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Pickford&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: General sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalio1985" class="citation book cs1">Balio, Tino (1985). <i>The American Film Industry</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin_Press" title="University of Wisconsin Press">University of Wisconsin Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-299-09873-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-299-09873-5"><bdi>978-0-299-09873-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+American+Film+Industry&rft.pub=University+of+Wisconsin+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-299-09873-5&rft.aulast=Balio&rft.aufirst=Tino&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Pickford" class="Z3988"></span> <small>Total pages: 680.</small></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Pickford&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmidt2013" class="citation book cs1">Schmidt, Christel, ed. (2013). <i>Mary Pickford: Queen of the Movies</i>. <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>/<a href="/wiki/University_Press_of_Kentucky" title="University Press of Kentucky">University Press of Kentucky</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8131-3647-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8131-3647-9"><bdi>978-0-8131-3647-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mary+Pickford%3A+Queen+of+the+Movies&rft.pub=Library+of+Congress%2FUniversity+Press+of+Kentucky&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-8131-3647-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Pickford" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmidt2003" class="citation journal cs1">Schmidt, Christel (2003). "Preserving Pickford: The Mary Pickford Collection and the Library of Congress". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Moving_Image" class="mw-redirect" title="The Moving Image">The Moving Image</a></i>. <b>3</b> (1). <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Moving_Image_Archivists" title="Association of Moving Image Archivists">Association of Moving Image Archivists</a>: 59–81. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fmov.2003.0013">10.1353/mov.2003.0013</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:191609277">191609277</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Moving+Image&rft.atitle=Preserving+Pickford%3A+The+Mary+Pickford+Collection+and+the+Library+of+Congress&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=59-81&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fmov.2003.0013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A191609277%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Schmidt&rft.aufirst=Christel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Pickford" class="Z3988"></span><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrisHannah_S._Cohen2012" class="citation book cs1">Harris, Gloria G.; Hannah S. Cohen (2012). "Chapter 10. Entertainers". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=U4x2CQAAQBAJ"><i>Women Trailblazers of California: Pioneers to the Present</i></a>. Charleston, SC: The History Press. pp. 151–65 [163–66]. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1609496753" title="Special:BookSources/978-1609496753"><bdi>978-1609496753</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+10.+Entertainers&rft.btitle=Women+Trailblazers+of+California%3A+Pioneers+to+the+Present&rft.place=Charleston%2C+SC&rft.pages=151-65+163-66&rft.pub=The+History+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1609496753&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Gloria+G.&rft.au=Hannah+S.+Cohen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DU4x2CQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Pickford" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetersen2014" class="citation book cs1">Petersen, Anne (2014). <i>Scandals of Classic Hollywood</i>. <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Penguin Publishing">Penguin Publishing</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scandals+of+Classic+Hollywood&rft.pub=Penguin+Publishing&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Petersen&rft.aufirst=Anne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Pickford" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=D9NAciHwjUAC&q=pickford&pg=PA214">Gladys goes to Hollywood</a> at <i>100 Canadian Heroines: Famous and Forgotten Faces</i>, by Merna Forster, via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>, pp. 204 sq.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Pickford&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Mary Pickford</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mary_Pickford" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Mary Pickford">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Mary_Pickford" class="extiw" title="q:Mary Pickford">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104109" class="extiw" title="d:Q104109">Data</a> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-cast-staff/56170">Mary Pickford</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Broadway_Database" title="Internet Broadway Database">Internet Broadway Database</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104109#P1220" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0681933/">Mary Pickford</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wfpp.cdrs.columbia.edu/pioneer/ccp-mary-pickford/">Mary Pickford</a> at the Women Film Pioneers Project</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marypickford.org/home/about-mary/">About Mary Pickford</a>, from the Mary Pickford Foundation website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/MaryPickfordCbcRadioInterviewMay251959">Mary Pickford CBC Radio interview May 25, 1959</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/459453/Mary-Pickford">Mary Pickford</a> at the <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itnsource.com/shotlist//BHC_RTV/1919/03/20/BGT407052794/">Footage of Mary Pickford with Charlie Chaplin and Douglas Fairbanks in 1919</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.virtual-history.com/movie/person/776/mary-pickford">Mary Pickford</a> at Virtual History</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.nypl.org/the/21298">Mary Pickford–Buddy Rogers correspondence, 1943–1976</a>, held by the Billy Rose Theatre Division, <a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Library_for_the_Performing_Arts" title="New York Public Library for the Performing Arts">New York Public Library for the Performing Arts</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.nypl.org/the/21850">Mary Pickford scrapbook, 1915–1917</a>, held by the Billy Rose Theatre Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalog.oscars.org/vwebv/holdingsInfo?bibId=66592">Mary Pickford papers</a>, Margaret Herrick Library, Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oldmagazinearticles.com/article-summary/mary-pickford-bio#.XtBTk2hKizm"><i>Mary Pickford – Whose Real Name is Gladys Smith</i> from <i>Current Opinion Magazine</i>, June, 1918</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Awards_for_Mary_Pickford" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Awards_for_Mary_Pickford" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Awards for Mary Pickford</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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.navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Academy_Award_for_Best_Actress" title="Template:Academy Award for Best Actress"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Academy_Award_for_Best_Actress" title="Template talk:Academy Award for Best Actress"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Academy_Award_for_Best_Actress" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Academy Award for Best Actress"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Academy_Award_for_Best_Actress" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Actress" title="Academy Award for Best Actress">Academy Award for Best Actress</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1928–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Janet_Gaynor" title="Janet Gaynor">Janet Gaynor</a> (1928)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mary Pickford</a> (1929)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Norma_Shearer" title="Norma Shearer">Norma Shearer</a> (1930)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marie_Dressler" title="Marie Dressler">Marie Dressler</a> (1931)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Helen_Hayes" title="Helen Hayes">Helen Hayes</a> (1932)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Hepburn" title="Katharine Hepburn">Katharine Hepburn</a> (1933)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Claudette_Colbert" title="Claudette Colbert">Claudette Colbert</a> (1934)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bette_Davis" title="Bette Davis">Bette Davis</a> (1935)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luise_Rainer" title="Luise Rainer">Luise Rainer</a> (1936)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luise_Rainer" title="Luise Rainer">Luise Rainer</a> (1937)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bette_Davis" title="Bette Davis">Bette Davis</a> (1938)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vivien_Leigh" title="Vivien Leigh">Vivien Leigh</a> (1939)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ginger_Rogers" title="Ginger Rogers">Ginger Rogers</a> (1940)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joan_Fontaine" title="Joan Fontaine">Joan Fontaine</a> (1941)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greer_Garson" title="Greer Garson">Greer Garson</a> (1942)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Jones" title="Jennifer Jones">Jennifer Jones</a> (1943)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ingrid_Bergman" title="Ingrid Bergman">Ingrid Bergman</a> (1944)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joan_Crawford" title="Joan Crawford">Joan Crawford</a> (1945)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Olivia_de_Havilland" title="Olivia de Havilland">Olivia de Havilland</a> (1946)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Loretta_Young" title="Loretta Young">Loretta Young</a> (1947)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jane_Wyman" title="Jane Wyman">Jane Wyman</a> (1948)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Olivia_de_Havilland" title="Olivia de Havilland">Olivia de Havilland</a> (1949)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Judy_Holliday" title="Judy Holliday">Judy Holliday</a> (1950)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vivien_Leigh" title="Vivien Leigh">Vivien Leigh</a> (1951)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Booth" title="Shirley Booth">Shirley Booth</a> (1952)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Audrey_Hepburn" title="Audrey Hepburn">Audrey Hepburn</a> (1953)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Grace_Kelly" title="Grace Kelly">Grace Kelly</a> (1954)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anna_Magnani" title="Anna Magnani">Anna Magnani</a> (1955)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ingrid_Bergman" title="Ingrid Bergman">Ingrid Bergman</a> (1956)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joanne_Woodward" title="Joanne Woodward">Joanne Woodward</a> (1957)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Susan_Hayward" title="Susan Hayward">Susan Hayward</a> (1958)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Simone_Signoret" title="Simone Signoret">Simone Signoret</a> (1959)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Taylor" title="Elizabeth Taylor">Elizabeth Taylor</a> (1960)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sophia_Loren" title="Sophia Loren">Sophia Loren</a> (1961)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anne_Bancroft" title="Anne Bancroft">Anne Bancroft</a> (1962)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Neal" title="Patricia Neal">Patricia Neal</a> (1963)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Julie_Andrews" title="Julie Andrews">Julie Andrews</a> (1964)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Julie_Christie" title="Julie Christie">Julie Christie</a> (1965)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Taylor" title="Elizabeth Taylor">Elizabeth Taylor</a> (1966)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Hepburn" title="Katharine Hepburn">Katharine Hepburn</a> (1967)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Hepburn" title="Katharine Hepburn">Katharine Hepburn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Barbra_Streisand" title="Barbra Streisand">Barbra Streisand</a> (1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maggie_Smith" title="Maggie Smith">Maggie Smith</a> (1969)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Glenda_Jackson" title="Glenda Jackson">Glenda Jackson</a> (1970)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jane_Fonda" title="Jane Fonda">Jane Fonda</a> (1971) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Liza_Minnelli" title="Liza Minnelli">Liza Minnelli</a> (1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Glenda_Jackson" title="Glenda Jackson">Glenda Jackson</a> (1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Burstyn" title="Ellen Burstyn">Ellen Burstyn</a> (1974)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louise_Fletcher" title="Louise Fletcher">Louise Fletcher</a> (1975)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Faye_Dunaway" title="Faye Dunaway">Faye Dunaway</a> (1976)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Diane_Keaton" title="Diane Keaton">Diane Keaton</a> (1977)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jane_Fonda" title="Jane Fonda">Jane Fonda</a> (1978)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sally_Field" title="Sally Field">Sally Field</a> (1979)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sissy_Spacek" title="Sissy Spacek">Sissy Spacek</a> (1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Hepburn" title="Katharine Hepburn">Katharine Hepburn</a> (1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Meryl_Streep" title="Meryl Streep">Meryl Streep</a> (1982)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shirley_MacLaine" title="Shirley MacLaine">Shirley MacLaine</a> (1983)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sally_Field" title="Sally Field">Sally Field</a> (1984)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Geraldine_Page" title="Geraldine Page">Geraldine Page</a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marlee_Matlin" title="Marlee Matlin">Marlee Matlin</a> (1986)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cher" title="Cher">Cher</a> (1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jodie_Foster" title="Jodie Foster">Jodie Foster</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Tandy" title="Jessica Tandy">Jessica Tandy</a> (1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kathy_Bates" title="Kathy Bates">Kathy Bates</a> (1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jodie_Foster" title="Jodie Foster">Jodie Foster</a> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Emma_Thompson" title="Emma Thompson">Emma Thompson</a> (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Holly_Hunter" title="Holly Hunter">Holly Hunter</a> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Lange" title="Jessica Lange">Jessica Lange</a> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Susan_Sarandon" title="Susan Sarandon">Susan Sarandon</a> (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frances_McDormand" title="Frances McDormand">Frances McDormand</a> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Helen_Hunt" title="Helen Hunt">Helen Hunt</a> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gwyneth_Paltrow" title="Gwyneth Paltrow">Gwyneth Paltrow</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hilary_Swank" title="Hilary Swank">Hilary Swank</a> (1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Julia_Roberts" title="Julia Roberts">Julia Roberts</a> (2000)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Halle_Berry" title="Halle Berry">Halle Berry</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Kidman" title="Nicole Kidman">Nicole Kidman</a> (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charlize_Theron" title="Charlize Theron">Charlize Theron</a> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hilary_Swank" title="Hilary Swank">Hilary Swank</a> (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Reese_Witherspoon" title="Reese Witherspoon">Reese Witherspoon</a> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Helen_Mirren" title="Helen Mirren">Helen Mirren</a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marion_Cotillard" title="Marion Cotillard">Marion Cotillard</a> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kate_Winslet" title="Kate Winslet">Kate Winslet</a> (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Bullock" title="Sandra Bullock">Sandra Bullock</a> (2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Natalie_Portman" title="Natalie Portman">Natalie Portman</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Meryl_Streep" title="Meryl Streep">Meryl Streep</a> (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Lawrence" title="Jennifer Lawrence">Jennifer Lawrence</a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cate_Blanchett" title="Cate Blanchett">Cate Blanchett</a> (2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Julianne_Moore" title="Julianne Moore">Julianne Moore</a> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Brie_Larson" title="Brie Larson">Brie Larson</a> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Emma_Stone" title="Emma Stone">Emma Stone</a> (2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frances_McDormand" title="Frances McDormand">Frances McDormand</a> (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Olivia_Colman" title="Olivia Colman">Olivia Colman</a> (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9e_Zellweger" title="Renée Zellweger">Renée Zellweger</a> (2019)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frances_McDormand" title="Frances McDormand">Frances McDormand</a> (2020)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Chastain" title="Jessica Chastain">Jessica Chastain</a> (2021)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Yeoh" title="Michelle Yeoh">Michelle Yeoh</a> (2022)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Emma_Stone" title="Emma Stone">Emma Stone</a> (2023)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Academy_Honorary_Award" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #EEDD82"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Academy_Honorary_Award" title="Template:Academy Honorary Award"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Academy_Honorary_Award" title="Template talk:Academy Honorary Award"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Academy_Honorary_Award" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Academy Honorary Award"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Academy_Honorary_Award" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Academy_Honorary_Award" title="Academy Honorary Award">Academy Honorary Award</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1928–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney" title="Walt Disney">Walt Disney</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Temple" title="Shirley Temple">Shirley Temple</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._W._Griffith" title="D. W. Griffith">D. W. Griffith</a> (1935)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_March_of_Time" title="The March of Time">The March of Time</a></i> / <a href="/wiki/W._Howard_Greene" title="W. Howard Greene">W. Howard Greene</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harold_Rosson" title="Harold Rosson">Harold Rosson</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Bergen" title="Edgar Bergen">Edgar Bergen</a> / <a href="/wiki/W._Howard_Greene" title="W. Howard Greene">W. Howard Greene</a> / <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art_Department_of_Film" title="Museum of Modern Art Department of Film">Museum of Modern Art Film Library</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mack_Sennett" title="Mack Sennett">Mack Sennett</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_A._Ball_(inventor)" title="Joseph A. Ball (inventor)">J. Arthur Ball</a> / <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney" title="Walt Disney">Walt Disney</a> / <a href="/wiki/Deanna_Durbin" title="Deanna Durbin">Deanna Durbin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mickey_Rooney" title="Mickey Rooney">Mickey Rooney</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Jennings" title="Gordon Jennings">Gordon Jennings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jan_Domela" title="Jan Domela">Jan Domela</a>, Devereaux Jennings, Irmin Roberts, Art Smith, <a href="/wiki/Farciot_Edouart" title="Farciot Edouart">Farciot Edouart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loyal_Griggs" title="Loyal Griggs">Loyal Griggs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loren_L._Ryder" title="Loren L. Ryder">Loren L. Ryder</a>, Harry D. Mills, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Mesenkop" title="Louis Mesenkop">Louis Mesenkop</a>, Walter Oberst / <a href="/wiki/Oliver_T._Marsh" title="Oliver T. Marsh">Oliver T. Marsh</a> and Allen Davey / <a href="/wiki/Harry_Warner" title="Harry Warner">Harry Warner</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Fairbanks" title="Douglas Fairbanks">Douglas Fairbanks</a> / <a href="/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland">Judy Garland</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Cameron_Menzies" title="William Cameron Menzies">William Cameron Menzies</a> / <a href="/wiki/Motion_Picture_%26_Television_Fund" title="Motion Picture & Television Fund">Motion Picture Relief Fund</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jean_Hersholt" title="Jean Hersholt">Jean Hersholt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Morgan" title="Ralph Morgan">Ralph Morgan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Block" title="Ralph Block">Ralph Block</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conrad_Nagel" title="Conrad Nagel">Conrad Nagel</a>) / <a href="/wiki/Vantiva" title="Vantiva">Technicolor SA</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Levinson" title="Nathan Levinson">Nathan Levinson</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney" title="Walt Disney">Walt Disney</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Garity" title="William Garity">William Garity</a>, John N. A. Hawkins, and the <a href="/wiki/RCA" title="RCA">RCA Manufacturing Company</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Stokowski" title="Leopold Stokowski">Leopold Stokowski</a> and his associates / Rey Scott / <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Information_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ministry of Information (United Kingdom)">British Ministry of Information</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Boyer" title="Charles Boyer">Charles Boyer</a> / <a href="/wiki/No%C3%ABl_Coward" title="Noël Coward">Noël Coward</a> / <a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Pal" title="George Pal">George Pal</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a> / <a href="/wiki/Margaret_O%27Brien" title="Margaret O'Brien">Margaret O'Brien</a> (1944)</li> <li>Republic Studio, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_J._Bloomberg" title="Daniel J. Bloomberg">Daniel J. Bloomberg</a>, and the Republic Studio Sound Department / <a href="/wiki/Walter_Wanger" title="Walter Wanger">Walter Wanger</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/The_House_I_Live_In_(1945_film)" title="The House I Live In (1945 film)">The House I Live In</a></i> / <a href="/wiki/Peggy_Ann_Garner" title="Peggy Ann Garner">Peggy Ann Garner</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Russell" title="Harold Russell">Harold Russell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Lubitsch" title="Ernst Lubitsch">Ernst Lubitsch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Claude_Jarman_Jr." title="Claude Jarman Jr.">Claude Jarman Jr.</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Baskett" title="James Baskett">James Baskett</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Armat" title="Thomas Armat">Thomas Armat</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Selig" title="William Selig">William Nicholas Selig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_E._Smith_(producer)" title="Albert E. Smith (producer)">Albert E. Smith</a>, and <a href="/wiki/George_Kirke_Spoor" title="George Kirke Spoor">George Kirke Spoor</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/Bill_and_Coo" title="Bill and Coo">Bill and Coo</a></i> / <i><a href="/wiki/Shoeshine_(film)" title="Shoeshine (film)">Shoeshine</a></i> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Wanger" title="Walter Wanger">Walter Wanger</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/Monsieur_Vincent" title="Monsieur Vincent">Monsieur Vincent</a></i> / <a href="/wiki/Sid_Grauman" title="Sid Grauman">Sid Grauman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Adolph_Zukor" title="Adolph Zukor">Adolph Zukor</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Hersholt" title="Jean Hersholt">Jean Hersholt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fred_Astaire" title="Fred Astaire">Fred Astaire</a> / <a href="/wiki/Cecil_B._DeMille" title="Cecil B. DeMille">Cecil B. DeMille</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_Thieves" title="Bicycle Thieves">The Bicycle Thief</a></i> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_B._Mayer" title="Louis B. Mayer">Louis B. Mayer</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Murphy" title="George Murphy">George Murphy</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/The_Walls_of_Malapaga" title="The Walls of Malapaga">The Walls of Malapaga</a></i> (1950)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Kelly" title="Gene Kelly">Gene Kelly</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/Rashomon" title="Rashomon">Rashomon</a></i> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merian_C._Cooper" title="Merian C. Cooper">Merian C. Cooper</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a> / <a href="/wiki/Harold_Lloyd" title="Harold Lloyd">Harold Lloyd</a> / George Mitchell / <a href="/wiki/Joseph_M._Schenck" title="Joseph M. Schenck">Joseph M. Schenck</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/Forbidden_Games" title="Forbidden Games">Forbidden Games</a></i> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Studios" title="20th Century Studios">20th Century-Fox Film Corporation</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bell_%26_Howell" title="Bell & Howell">Bell & Howell Company</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Breen" title="Joseph Breen">Joseph Breen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pete_Smith_(film_producer)" title="Pete Smith (film producer)">Pete Smith</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bausch_%26_Lomb" title="Bausch & Lomb">Bausch & Lomb Optical Company</a> / <a href="/wiki/Danny_Kaye" title="Danny Kaye">Danny Kaye</a> / Kemp Niver / <a href="/wiki/Greta_Garbo" title="Greta Garbo">Greta Garbo</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jon_Whiteley" title="Jon Whiteley">Jon Whiteley</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Winter" title="Vincent Winter">Vincent Winter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gate_of_Hell_(film)" title="Gate of Hell (film)"><i>Gate of Hell</i></a> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Samurai_I:_Musashi_Miyamoto" title="Samurai I: Musashi Miyamoto">Samurai I: Musashi Miyamoto</a></i> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Cantor" title="Eddie Cantor">Eddie Cantor</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Motion_Picture_and_Television_Engineers" title="Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers">Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers</a> / <a href="/wiki/Broncho_Billy_Anderson" title="Broncho Billy Anderson">Gilbert M. "Broncho Billy" Anderson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_Brackett" title="Charles Brackett">Charles Brackett</a> / <a href="/wiki/B._B._Kahane" title="B. B. Kahane">B. B. Kahane</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Chevalier" title="Maurice Chevalier">Maurice Chevalier</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buster_Keaton" title="Buster Keaton">Buster Keaton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lee_de_Forest" title="Lee de Forest">Lee de Forest</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Cooper" title="Gary Cooper">Gary Cooper</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stan_Laurel" title="Stan Laurel">Stan Laurel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hayley_Mills" title="Hayley Mills">Hayley Mills</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_L._Hendricks" title="William L. Hendricks">William L. Hendricks</a> / Fred L. Metzler / <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Robbins" title="Jerome Robbins">Jerome Robbins</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Tuttle" title="William J. Tuttle">William J. Tuttle</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakima_Canutt" title="Yakima Canutt">Yakima Canutt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Y._Frank_Freeman" title="Y. Frank Freeman">Y. Frank Freeman</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Freed" title="Arthur Freed">Arthur Freed</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chambers_(make-up_artist)" title="John Chambers (make-up artist)">John Chambers</a> / <a href="/wiki/Onna_White" title="Onna White">Onna White</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cary_Grant" title="Cary Grant">Cary Grant</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Gish" title="Lillian Gish">Lillian Gish</a> / <a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Orson Welles</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a> (1971)</li> <li>Charles S. Boren / <a href="/wiki/Edward_G._Robinson" title="Edward G. Robinson">Edward G. Robinson</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Langlois" title="Henri Langlois">Henri Langlois</a> / <a href="/wiki/Groucho_Marx" title="Groucho Marx">Groucho Marx</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Hawks" title="Howard Hawks">Howard Hawks</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jean_Renoir" title="Jean Renoir">Jean Renoir</a> (1974)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mary Pickford</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Booth" title="Margaret Booth">Margaret Booth</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Lantz" title="Walter Lantz">Walter Lantz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a> / <a href="/wiki/King_Vidor" title="King Vidor">King Vidor</a> / <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Museum of Modern Art">Museum of Modern Art Department of Film</a> (1978)</li> <li>Hal Elias / <a href="/wiki/Alec_Guinness" title="Alec Guinness">Alec Guinness</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Fonda" title="Henry Fonda">Henry Fonda</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Stanwyck" title="Barbara Stanwyck">Barbara Stanwyck</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mickey_Rooney" title="Mickey Rooney">Mickey Rooney</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_Roach" title="Hal Roach">Hal Roach</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Stewart" title="James Stewart">James Stewart</a> / <a href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_the_Arts" title="National Endowment for the Arts">National Endowment for the Arts</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Newman" title="Paul Newman">Paul Newman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alex_North" title="Alex North">Alex North</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bellamy" title="Ralph Bellamy">Ralph Bellamy</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak" title="Kodak">Eastman Kodak Company</a> / <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Board_of_Canada" title="National Film Board of Canada">National Film Board of Canada</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akira_Kurosawa" title="Akira Kurosawa">Akira Kurosawa</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophia_Loren" title="Sophia Loren">Sophia Loren</a> / <a href="/wiki/Myrna_Loy" title="Myrna Loy">Myrna Loy</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyajit_Ray" title="Satyajit Ray">Satyajit Ray</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federico_Fellini" title="Federico Fellini">Federico Fellini</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Kerr" title="Deborah Kerr">Deborah Kerr</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelangelo_Antonioni" title="Michelangelo Antonioni">Michelangelo Antonioni</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirk_Douglas" title="Kirk Douglas">Kirk Douglas</a> / <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Jones" title="Chuck Jones">Chuck Jones</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Kidd" title="Michael Kidd">Michael Kidd</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Donen" title="Stanley Donen">Stanley Donen</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elia_Kazan" title="Elia Kazan">Elia Kazan</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Wajda" title="Andrzej Wajda">Andrzej Wajda</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Cardiff" title="Jack Cardiff">Jack Cardiff</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lehman" title="Ernest Lehman">Ernest Lehman</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Poitier" title="Sidney Poitier">Sidney Poitier</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Redford" title="Robert Redford">Robert Redford</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_O%27Toole" title="Peter O'Toole">Peter O'Toole</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blake_Edwards" title="Blake Edwards">Blake Edwards</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Lumet" title="Sidney Lumet">Sidney Lumet</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Altman" title="Robert Altman">Robert Altman</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ennio_Morricone" title="Ennio Morricone">Ennio Morricone</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Boyle" title="Robert F. Boyle">Robert F. Boyle</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauren_Bacall" title="Lauren Bacall">Lauren Bacall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roger_Corman" title="Roger Corman">Roger Corman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Willis" title="Gordon Willis">Gordon Willis</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Brownlow" title="Kevin Brownlow">Kevin Brownlow</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Godard" title="Jean-Luc Godard">Jean-Luc Godard</a> / <a href="/wiki/Eli_Wallach" title="Eli Wallach">Eli Wallach</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Earl_Jones" title="James Earl Jones">James Earl Jones</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dick_Smith_(make-up_artist)" title="Dick Smith (make-up artist)">Dick Smith</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._A._Pennebaker" title="D. A. Pennebaker">D. A. Pennebaker</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hal_Needham" title="Hal Needham">Hal Needham</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Stevens_Jr." title="George Stevens Jr.">George Stevens Jr.</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Lansbury" title="Angela Lansbury">Angela Lansbury</a> / <a href="/wiki/Steve_Martin" title="Steve Martin">Steve Martin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Piero_Tosi" title="Piero Tosi">Piero Tosi</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Carri%C3%A8re" title="Jean-Claude Carrière">Jean-Claude Carrière</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hayao_Miyazaki" title="Hayao Miyazaki">Hayao Miyazaki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maureen_O%27Hara" title="Maureen O'Hara">Maureen O'Hara</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spike_Lee" title="Spike Lee">Spike Lee</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gena_Rowlands" title="Gena Rowlands">Gena Rowlands</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Chan" title="Jackie Chan">Jackie Chan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lynn_Stalmaster" title="Lynn Stalmaster">Lynn Stalmaster</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anne_V._Coates" title="Anne V. Coates">Anne V. Coates</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Wiseman" title="Frederick Wiseman">Frederick Wiseman</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Burnett_(director)" title="Charles Burnett (director)">Charles Burnett</a> / <a href="/wiki/Owen_Roizman" title="Owen Roizman">Owen Roizman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Donald_Sutherland" title="Donald Sutherland">Donald Sutherland</a> / <a href="/wiki/Agn%C3%A8s_Varda" title="Agnès Varda">Agnès Varda</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Levy_(publicist)" title="Marvin Levy (publicist)">Marvin Levy</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lalo_Schifrin" title="Lalo Schifrin">Lalo Schifrin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Cicely_Tyson" title="Cicely Tyson">Cicely Tyson</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lynch" title="David Lynch">David Lynch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wes_Studi" title="Wes Studi">Wes Studi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lina_Wertm%C3%BCller" title="Lina Wertmüller">Lina Wertmüller</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_L._Jackson" title="Samuel L. Jackson">Samuel L. Jackson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Elaine_May" title="Elaine May">Elaine May</a> / <a href="/wiki/Liv_Ullmann" title="Liv Ullmann">Liv Ullmann</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euzhan_Palcy" title="Euzhan Palcy">Euzhan Palcy</a> / <a href="/wiki/Diane_Warren" title="Diane Warren">Diane Warren</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Weir" title="Peter Weir">Peter Weir</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Bassett" title="Angela Bassett">Angela Bassett</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mel_Brooks" title="Mel Brooks">Mel Brooks</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carol_Littleton" title="Carol Littleton">Carol Littleton</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quincy_Jones" title="Quincy Jones">Quincy Jones</a> / <a href="/wiki/Juliet_Taylor" title="Juliet Taylor">Juliet Taylor</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104109#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104109#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104109#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000118816890">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/122296698">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/6375/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJvRXvmTw6kXy9cCWY6R8C">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119031035">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50019725">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb135375840">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb135375840">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35422432">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20000701410&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1400096">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p192944142">Netherlands</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p193441705">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90584043">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000197812&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000042949">Chile</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810636941205606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007462746605171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058514139806706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA09794446?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500443295">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/9f5cc05b-4a3f-4e7e-a9ad-bfc710d4a0a1">MusicBrainz</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moma.org/artists/109638">Museum of Modern Art</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/947091">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd119031035.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/119031035">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/05067840X">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10582936">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w69g5p7r">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mary_Pickford&oldid=1259733691">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mary_Pickford&oldid=1259733691</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a 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