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Harris</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Fred_R._Harris.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Fred_R._Harris.jpg/220px-Fred_R._Harris.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Fred_R._Harris.jpg/330px-Fred_R._Harris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Fred_R._Harris.jpg/440px-Fred_R._Harris.jpg 2x" data-file-width="905" data-file-height="1096"></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Harris in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a>, 1968</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">32nd Chair of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee" title="Democratic National Committee">Democratic National Committee</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br>January 14, 1969 – March 5, 1970</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Larry_O%27Brien" title="Larry O'Brien">Larry O'Brien</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Larry_O%27Brien" title="Larry O'Brien">Larry O'Brien</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senator</a><br>from <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br>November 4, 1964 – January 3, 1973</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/J._Howard_Edmondson" title="J. Howard Edmondson">J. Howard Edmondson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dewey_F._Bartlett" title="Dewey F. Bartlett">Dewey F. Bartlett</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <span style="display: inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Senate" title="Oklahoma Senate">Oklahoma Senate</a></span><br>from the 17th district</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br>1957–1964</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Bill Logan</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Ralph W. Graves</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1930-11-13</span>)</span>November 13, 1930<br><a href="/wiki/Cotton_County,_Oklahoma" title="Cotton County, Oklahoma">Cotton County, Oklahoma</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">November 23, 2024<span style="display:none">(2024-11-23)</span> (aged 94)<br><a href="/wiki/Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" title="Albuquerque, New Mexico">Albuquerque, New Mexico</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/LaDonna_Harris" title="LaDonna Harris">LaDonna Crawford</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1949; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1981)<wbr></wbr></div><br><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Margaret Elliston</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1982)<wbr></wbr></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oklahoma" title="University of Oklahoma">University of Oklahoma</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Laws" title="Bachelor of Laws">LLB</a>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Harris was elected to the <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Senate" title="Oklahoma Senate">Oklahoma Senate</a> after graduating from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oklahoma_College_of_Law" title="University of Oklahoma College of Law">University of Oklahoma College of Law</a>. He ousted the appointed U.S. Senate incumbent, <a href="/wiki/J._Howard_Edmondson" title="J. Howard Edmondson">J. Howard Edmondson</a>, and won a <a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_Senate_special_election_in_Oklahoma" title="1964 United States Senate special election in Oklahoma">1964 special election</a> to finish <a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Kerr" title="Robert S. Kerr">Robert S. Kerr</a>'s term, narrowly defeating football coach <a href="/wiki/Bud_Wilkinson" title="Bud Wilkinson">Bud Wilkinson</a>. Harris strongly supported the <a href="/wiki/Great_Society" title="Great Society">Great Society</a> programs and criticized President <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a>'s handling of the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>. He was <a href="/wiki/1966_United_States_Senate_election_in_Oklahoma" title="1966 United States Senate election in Oklahoma">reelected in 1966</a> and declined to seek another term in 1972. </p><p>From 1969 to 1970, Harris chaired the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee" title="Democratic National Committee">Democratic National Committee</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election" title="1968 United States presidential election">1968 presidential election</a>, Democratic nominee <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Hubert Humphrey</a> strongly considered him as his running mate. Harris unsuccessfully sought the Democratic <a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_presidential_election" title="1972 United States presidential election">presidential nomination in 1972</a> and <a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election" title="1976 United States presidential election">1976</a>. After 1976, he was a professor at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_New_Mexico" title="University of New Mexico">University of New Mexico</a>. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Early_life"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Early life</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#United_States_Senate"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">United States Senate</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Presidential_campaigns"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Presidential campaigns</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Later_life"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Later life</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Personal_life_and_death"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Personal life and death</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fred_R._Harris&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Harris was born on November 13, 1930, in <a href="/wiki/Cotton_County,_Oklahoma" title="Cotton County, Oklahoma">Cotton County, Oklahoma</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Walters,_Oklahoma" title="Walters, Oklahoma">Walters, Oklahoma</a>, the son of Eunice Alene (Pearson) and Fred Byron Harris, a sharecropper.<sup id="cite_ref-EOHC-Harris_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EOHC-Harris-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His parents disagreed on whether his middle name should be "Ray" or "Roy", and his handwritten birth certificate was ambiguous, allowing Harris to choose; he eventually used his mother's preferred name, Roy.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Harris attended the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oklahoma" title="University of Oklahoma">University of Oklahoma</a> (OU) on a scholarship, graduating in 1952 with a bachelor's degree in history and political science.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He then entered the OU law school, where he was administrative assistant to the dean and successively book editor and managing editor of the <i>Law Review</i>. The August 1956 issue contained his first published article. He received the LL B. degree with distinction and was admitted to the bar in 1954.<sup id="cite_ref-EOHC-Harris_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EOHC-Harris-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Harris was elected to the <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Senate" title="Oklahoma Senate">Oklahoma Senate</a> in 1956 and served in it until 1964. For most of that time, he was one of its youngest members. During his tenure he introduced legislation to prohibit <a href="/wiki/Race_discrimination" class="mw-redirect" title="Race discrimination">race discrimination</a> in state employment.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He made an unsuccessful bid for <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Oklahoma" title="Governor of Oklahoma">governor of Oklahoma</a> in <a href="/wiki/1962_Oklahoma_gubernatorial_election" title="1962 Oklahoma gubernatorial election">1962</a>, which made him better known throughout the state.<sup id="cite_ref-McFadden_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McFadden-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="United_States_Senate">United States Senate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fred_R._Harris&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: United States Senate" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>In 1964, Harris ran to serve the remainder of the Senate term of <a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Kerr" title="Robert S. Kerr">Robert S. Kerr</a>, who had died in office. With Kerr's family's support, he defeated former governor <a href="/wiki/J._Howard_Edmondson" title="J. Howard Edmondson">J. Howard Edmondson</a>, who had appointed himself to succeed Kerr, in the Democratic primary.<sup id="cite_ref-EOHC-Harris_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EOHC-Harris-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Brown_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The general election was a high-profile campaign against the Republican nominee, legendary <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Sooners_football" title="Oklahoma Sooners football">Oklahoma Sooners football</a> coach <a href="/wiki/Bud_Wilkinson" title="Bud Wilkinson">Bud Wilkinson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both parties invited political leaders from out of state to campaign for their nominees. Republicans brought former Vice President <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> to campaign for Wilkinson, while Harris hosted President <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> and First Lady <a href="/wiki/Lady_Bird_Johnson" title="Lady Bird Johnson">Lady Bird Johnson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Harris defeated Wilkinson, 51% to 49%, becoming one of the youngest members of the U.S. Senate. At 33 years old, he was the youngest senator-elect in Oklahoma history.<sup id="cite_ref-EOHC-Harris_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EOHC-Harris-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His Senate tenure began on November 4, 1964.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Harris firmly supported President Johnson's <a href="/wiki/Great_Society" title="Great Society">Great Society</a> programs, which were often unpopular in Oklahoma.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He voted for the <a href="/wiki/Voting_Rights_Act_of_1965" title="Voting Rights Act of 1965">Voting Rights Act of 1965</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and while he missed the votes pertaining to the confirmation of <a href="/wiki/Thurgood_Marshall" title="Thurgood Marshall">Thurgood Marshall</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">U.S. Supreme Court</a> in 1967 (he was away on official Senate business) and the passage of the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1968" title="Civil Rights Act of 1968">Civil Rights Act of 1968</a> (he was absent because of illness), he supported both; it was announced on the Senate floor that, if he had been present, he would have voted for Marshall's confirmation<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the 1968 Act.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Harris was present for the vote on the motion to end the filibuster conducted by senators who opposed the 1968 Act, and voted to end the filibuster so that the Act could be voted on.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 1967, Johnson appointed Harris to the <a href="/wiki/Kerner_Commission" title="Kerner Commission">Kerner Commission</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-McFadden_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McFadden-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He quickly became one of its most active members and was deeply concerned about economically deprived Black urban residents. He also strongly supported agricultural programs, the Arkansas River Navigation Program, and the Indian health programs, which were all very popular in Oklahoma.<sup id="cite_ref-EOHC-Harris_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EOHC-Harris-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite being quite liberal in an increasingly conservative state, Harris was elected to a full term in 1966, defeating attorney Pat J. Patterson, 54% to 46%.<sup id="cite_ref-EOHC-Harris_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EOHC-Harris-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Patterson had tried to unseat Harris by announcing his support for a constitutional amendment proposed by Senator <a href="/wiki/Everett_Dirksen" title="Everett Dirksen">Everett Dirksen</a> to allow school boards to provide for prayers in public schools. Dirksen's amendment had enthusiastic political support in Oklahoma, but Harris opposed it in a public letter: "I believe in the <a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">separation of church and state</a> and I believe prayer and Bible reading should be voluntary".<sup id="cite_ref-EOHC-Harris_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EOHC-Harris-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Harris briefly chaired the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee" title="Democratic National Committee">Democratic National Committee</a>, preceded and succeeded in that position by <a href="/wiki/Larry_O%27Brien" title="Larry O'Brien">Larry O'Brien</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-McFadden_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McFadden-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was one of the final two candidates presidential nominee <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Hubert Humphrey</a> considered as his running mate in 1968; Humphrey chose U.S. Senator <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Muskie" title="Edmund Muskie">Edmund Muskie</a> because of Harris's young age of 37.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to O'Brien, Humphrey vacillated between the two until finally choosing Muskie at the last minute. Harris broke with Johnson and Humphrey over the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EOHC-Harris_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EOHC-Harris-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1970, Harris was a major player in the legislation to restore to the inhabitants of the <a href="/wiki/Taos_Pueblo" title="Taos Pueblo">Taos Pueblo</a> 48,000 ac (19,425 ha) of mountain land that President <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a> had taken and designated as the <a href="/wiki/Carson_National_Forest" title="Carson National Forest">Carson National Forest</a> early in the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The struggle was particularly emotive since this return of Taos land included Blue Lake, which the Pueblo consider sacred. To pass the bill, Harris forged a <a href="/wiki/Bipartisanship" title="Bipartisanship">bipartisan</a> alliance with President <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a>, with whom Harris sharply disagreed on numerous other issues, notably the Vietnam War. In doing so, he had to overcome powerful fellow Democratic Senators <a href="/wiki/Clinton_Anderson" title="Clinton Anderson">Clinton Anderson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henry_M._Jackson" title="Henry M. Jackson">Henry M. Jackson</a>, who firmly opposed returning the land. As recounted by Harris's wife, LaDonna, who was actively involved in the struggle, when the bill finally passed and came up to be signed by the president, Nixon looked up and said, "I can't believe I'm signing a bill that was sponsored by Fred Harris."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1971, Harris was the only senator to vote against confirming <a href="/wiki/Lewis_F._Powell_Jr." title="Lewis F. Powell Jr.">Lewis F. Powell Jr.</a> as <a href="/wiki/Associate_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States">Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States</a>. He opposed Powell because he considered him elitist and to have a weak record on civil rights.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Harris called for the abolition of the <a href="/wiki/Interstate_Commerce_Commission" title="Interstate Commerce Commission">Interstate Commerce Commission</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Presidential_campaigns">Presidential campaigns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fred_R._Harris&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Presidential campaigns" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>Harris did not seek another Senate term in 1972 and instead <a href="/wiki/1972_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1972 Democratic Party presidential primaries">ran for president</a>, but failed to attract support and ended his campaign after only 48 days.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He ran again <a href="/wiki/1976_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1976 Democratic Party presidential primaries">four years later</a>; both his campaigns were populist and centered on what he called "<a href="/wiki/Economic_democracy" title="Economic democracy">economic democracy</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Brown_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also supported abortion rights, <a href="/wiki/Desegregation_busing" title="Desegregation busing">desegregation busing</a>, and disbanding the <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-McFadden_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McFadden-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To keep expenses down, he traveled the country in a <a href="/wiki/Recreational_vehicle" title="Recreational vehicle">recreational vehicle</a> and stayed in private homes, giving his hosts a card redeemable for one night's stay in the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> upon his election.<sup id="cite_ref-Mohr_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mohr-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He emphasized issues affecting Native Americans and the working class. His interest in Native American rights was linked to his ancestry and that of his first wife, <a href="/wiki/LaDonna_Harris" title="LaDonna Harris">LaDonna Harris</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Comanche" title="Comanche">Comanche</a> who was deeply involved in Native American activism.<sup id="cite_ref-McFadden_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McFadden-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After a surprising fourth-place finish in the <a href="/wiki/1976_Iowa_Democratic_presidential_caucuses" title="1976 Iowa Democratic presidential caucuses">1976 Iowa caucuses</a>, Harris coined the term "winnowed in", saying, "The winnowing-out process has begun and we have just been 'winnowed in'." He won more than 10% of the vote, pushing <a href="/wiki/Mo_Udall" title="Mo Udall">Mo Udall</a>, who at one point led the polls, into fifth place. Harris was "winnowed out" just over a month later. He finished fourth in the New Hampshire primary and, a week later, third in Vermont and fifth in Massachusetts.<sup id="cite_ref-Mohr_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mohr-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Harris remained in the contest for another month, with his best showing a fourth-place finish in Illinois, with 8%.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He suspended his campaign on April 8, 1976.<sup id="cite_ref-Mohr_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mohr-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Later_life">Later life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fred_R._Harris&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Later life" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fred_R._Harris_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Fred_R._Harris_2018.jpg/220px-Fred_R._Harris_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1289"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 142px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Fred_R._Harris_2018.jpg/220px-Fred_R._Harris_2018.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="142" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Fred_R._Harris_2018.jpg/330px-Fred_R._Harris_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Fred_R._Harris_2018.jpg/440px-Fred_R._Harris_2018.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Harris at the <a href="/wiki/LBJ_Presidential_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="LBJ Presidential Library">LBJ Presidential Library</a> in 2018.</figcaption></figure> <p>Harris left electoral politics for academia after 1976. He became a professor of <a href="/wiki/Political_science" title="Political science">political science</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_New_Mexico" title="University of New Mexico">University of New Mexico</a> and wrote many books on political subjects,<sup id="cite_ref-EOHC-Harris_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EOHC-Harris-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including <i>Potomac Fever</i> (Norton, 1977 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-05610-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-05610-4">0-393-05610-4</a>) and <i>Deadlock or Decision: The U.S. Senate and the Rise of National Politics</i> (Oxford University, 1993 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-508025-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-508025-4">0-19-508025-4</a>). In 2003, Harris was elected to the <a href="/wiki/Common_Cause" title="Common Cause">Common Cause</a> National Governing Board. He also wrote three novels. He lived in <a href="/wiki/Corrales,_New_Mexico" title="Corrales, New Mexico">Corrales, New Mexico</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-McFadden_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McFadden-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Harris remained active well into his final years. In a 2023 interview, he expressed support for President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a>, saying concerns about Biden's age were unfounded, and strongly criticized former President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> for his <a href="/wiki/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election">attempts to overturn the 2020 presidential election</a> and the consequent <a href="/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="January 6 United States Capitol attack">January 6 United States Capitol attack</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The next year, he and his wife attended the <a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2024 Democratic National Convention">2024 Democratic National Convention</a> in support of the Democratic ticket.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His last book, a memoir titled <i>Report from a Last Survivor</i>, was published by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_New_Mexico_Press" title="University of New Mexico Press">University of New Mexico Press</a> in September 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Personal_life_and_death">Personal life and death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fred_R._Harris&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Personal life and death" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <p>Harris married <a href="/wiki/LaDonna_Harris" title="LaDonna Harris">LaDonna Harris</a>, born LaDonna Crawford, in 1949, and they had three children. They divorced in 1981, and he married Margaret Elliston the next year.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-McFadden_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McFadden-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Harris died at a hospital in <a href="/wiki/Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" title="Albuquerque, New Mexico">Albuquerque, New Mexico</a>, on November 23, 2024, 10 days after his 94th birthday. He was the last living former U.S. senator who left office in the 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-McFadden_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McFadden-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fred_R._Harris&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-EOHC-Harris-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EOHC-Harris_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EOHC-Harris_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EOHC-Harris_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EOHC-Harris_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EOHC-Harris_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EOHC-Harris_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EOHC-Harris_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EOHC-Harris_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EOHC-Harris_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLowitt2010" class="citation web cs1">Lowitt, Richard (January 15, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=HA033">"Harris, Fred Roy (1930– )"</a>. <i>okhistory.org</i>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Oklahoma_History_and_Culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture">Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 25,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=okhistory.org&rft.atitle=Harris%2C+Fred+Roy+%281930%E2%80%93+%29.&rft.date=2010-01-15&rft.aulast=Lowitt&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.okhistory.org%2Fpublications%2Fenc%2Fentry.php%3Fentry%3DHA033&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFred+R.+Harris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brown-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brown_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brown_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brown_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brown_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brown_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brown_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brown_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brown_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brown_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2024" class="citation news cs1">Brown, Michael H. (November 23, 2024). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/obituaries/2024/11/23/fred-harris-senator-oklahoma-kerner-dead/">"Fred R. Harris, Oklahoma senator on Kerner Commission, dies at 94"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 23,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Fred+R.+Harris%2C+Oklahoma+senator+on+Kerner+Commission%2C+dies+at+94&rft.date=2024-11-23&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Michael+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fobituaries%2F2024%2F11%2F23%2Ffred-harris-senator-oklahoma-kerner-dead%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFred+R.+Harris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McFadden-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McFadden_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McFadden_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McFadden_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McFadden_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McFadden_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McFadden_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McFadden_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McFadden_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcFadden2024" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_D._McFadden" title="Robert D. McFadden">McFadden, Robert D.</a> (November 23, 2024). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/11/23/us/politics/fred-r-harris-dead.html">"Fred R. Harris, Oklahoma Senator Who Ran for President, Dies at 94"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 24,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Fred+R.+Harris%2C+Oklahoma+Senator+Who+Ran+for+President%2C+Dies+at+94&rft.date=2024-11-23&rft.aulast=McFadden&rft.aufirst=Robert+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F11%2F23%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Ffred-r-harris-dead.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFred+R.+Harris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://discoverlbj.org/item/ref-ctjspeeches-19641027-1000">"Press release, "Remarks by Mrs. Lyndon B. Johnson, Tulsa, Oklahoma, 10/27/1964"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>discoverlbj.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 25,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=discoverlbj.org&rft.atitle=Press+release%2C+%22Remarks+by+Mrs.+Lyndon+B.+Johnson%2C+Tulsa%2C+Oklahoma%2C+10%2F27%2F1964%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdiscoverlbj.org%2Fitem%2Fref-ctjspeeches-19641027-1000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFred+R.+Harris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_CongressH000237" class="citation web cs1">United States Congress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=H000237">"Fred R. Harris (id: H000237)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 24,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft.atitle=Fred+R.+Harris+%28id%3A+H000237%29&rft.au=United+States+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DH000237&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFred+R.+Harris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/89-1965/s78">"TO PASS S. 1564, THE VOTING RIGHTS ACT OF 1965"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TO+PASS+S.+1564%2C+THE+VOTING+RIGHTS+ACT+OF+1965.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govtrack.us%2Fcongress%2Fvotes%2F89-1965%2Fs78&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFred+R.+Harris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Congressional Record". <i>Congressional Record, Senate</i>: 24656. August 30, 1967.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Congressional+Record%2C+Senate&rft.atitle=Congressional+Record&rft.pages=24656&rft.date=1967-08-30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFred+R.+Harris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Congressional Record". <i>Congressional Record, Senate</i>: 5992. March 11, 1968.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Congressional+Record%2C+Senate&rft.atitle=Congressional+Record&rft.pages=5992&rft.date=1968-03-11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFred+R.+Harris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Congressional Record". <i>Congressional Record, Senate</i>: 4960. March 4, 1968.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Congressional+Record%2C+Senate&rft.atitle=Congressional+Record&rft.pages=4960&rft.date=1968-03-04&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFred+R.+Harris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Theodore H. White, The <i>Making of the President 1968</i>, New York: Atheneum Publishers, 1969, p.355-356</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Julyan, B: <i>New Mexico's Wilderness Areas: The Complete Guide</i>, page 73. Big Earth Publishing, 1999</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>LaDonna Harris : A Comanche Life</i>, University of Nebraska Press, 2000, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8032-2396-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8032-2396-X">0-8032-2396-X</a>, p. 90.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraham1971" class="citation web cs1">Graham, Fred (December 7, 1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1971/12/07/archives/senate-confirms-powell-by-89-to-1-for-blacks-seat-first-southern.html">"Senate confirms Powell by 89 to 1 for Black's seat"</a>. <i>New York Times</i>. p. 1<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 15,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Senate+confirms+Powell+by+89+to+1+for+Black%27s+seat&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1971-12-07&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=Fred&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1971%2F12%2F07%2Farchives%2Fsenate-confirms-powell-by-89-to-1-for-blacks-seat-first-southern.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFred+R.+Harris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker2009" class="citation journal cs1">Walker, Jesse (November 1, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/five-faces-of-jerry-brown/">"Five Faces of Jerry Brown"</a>. <i>The American Conservative</i> (November 2009)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 22,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Conservative&rft.atitle=Five+Faces+of+Jerry+Brown&rft.issue=November+2009&rft.date=2009-11-01&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Jesse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theamericanconservative.com%2Farticles%2Ffive-faces-of-jerry-brown%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFred+R.+Harris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLydon1975" class="citation news cs1">Lydon, Christopher (January 12, 1975). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1975/01/12/archives/fred-harris-seeks-presidency-mccarthy-runs-as-independent-harris-is.html">"Fred Harris Seeks Presidency; McCarthy Runs as Independent"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. p. 1<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 24,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Fred+Harris+Seeks+Presidency%3B+McCarthy+Runs+as+Independent&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1975-01-12&rft.aulast=Lydon&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1975%2F01%2F12%2Farchives%2Ffred-harris-seeks-presidency-mccarthy-runs-as-independent-harris-is.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFred+R.+Harris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mohr-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mohr_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mohr_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mohr_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMohr1976" class="citation news cs1">Mohr, Charles (April 9, 1976). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1976/04/09/archives/harris-quits-active-role-in-presidential-campaign.html">"Harris Quits Active Role In Presidential Campaign"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. p. 1<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 24,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Harris+Quits+Active+Role+In+Presidential+Campaign&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1976-04-09&rft.aulast=Mohr&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1976%2F04%2F09%2Farchives%2Fharris-quits-active-role-in-presidential-campaign.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFred+R.+Harris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jules Witcover, <i>No Way to Pick a President: How Money and Hired Guns Have Debased American Elections</i>, 2001, p. 166</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">George C. Edwards, John Howard Kessel, Bert A. Rockman, <i>Researching the presidency: vital questions, new approaches</i>. 1993, p. 60</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thegreenpapers.com/PCom/?20040129-0">"WINNOWED IN!... BUT FOR JUST HOW LONG? ... Looking forward to the second month of Primary/Caucus season 2004"</a>. thegreenpapers.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 30,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=WINNOWED+IN%21...+BUT+FOR+JUST+HOW+LONG%3F+...+Looking+forward+to+the+second+month+of+Primary%2FCaucus+season+2004&rft.pub=thegreenpapers.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegreenpapers.com%2FPCom%2F%3F20040129-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFred+R.+Harris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thegreenpapers.com/PCom/?20080201-0">"SERIOUS WINNOWING ... both on and after 'Super Duper' Tuesday"</a>. thegreenpapers.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 30,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SERIOUS+WINNOWING+...+both+on+and+after+%27Super+Duper%27+Tuesday&rft.pub=thegreenpapers.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegreenpapers.com%2FPCom%2F%3F20080201-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFred+R.+Harris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sandovaldemocrats.org/optimism-with-action-makes-it-happen-an-interview-with-sen-fred-harris/">"Optimism with Action Makes It Happen: An Interview with Sen. Fred Harris | Democratic Party of Sandoval County"</a>. November 20, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 22,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Optimism+with+Action+Makes+It+Happen%3A+An+Interview+with+Sen.+Fred+Harris+%7C+Democratic+Party+of+Sandoval+County&rft.date=2023-11-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsandovaldemocrats.org%2Foptimism-with-action-makes-it-happen-an-interview-with-sen-fred-harris%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFred+R.+Harris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sandovaldemocrats.org/senator-fred-harris-and-marg-elliston-reflections-on-the-democratic-national-convention-and-2024-election/">"Senator Fred Harris and Marg Elliston: Reflection"</a>. <i>Sandoval County Democratic Party</i>. September 30, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 23,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sandoval+County+Democratic+Party&rft.atitle=Senator+Fred+Harris+and+Marg+Elliston%3A+Reflection&rft.date=2024-09-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsandovaldemocrats.org%2Fsenator-fred-harris-and-marg-elliston-reflections-on-the-democratic-national-convention-and-2024-election%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFred+R.+Harris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unmpress.com/9780826366689/report-from-a-last-survivor/">"Report from a Last Survivor"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/University_of_New_Mexico_Press" title="University of New Mexico Press">University of New Mexico Press</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 24,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+New+Mexico+Press&rft.atitle=Report+from+a+Last+Survivor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unmpress.com%2F9780826366689%2Freport-from-a-last-survivor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFred+R.+Harris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.koat.com/article/fred-harris-dies/62996654">"Fred Harris, longtime UNM professor and U.S. senator, dies"</a>. KOAT. November 23, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 23,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Fred+Harris%2C+longtime+UNM+professor+and+U.S.+senator%2C+dies&rft.date=2024-11-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.koat.com%2Farticle%2Ffred-harris-dies%2F62996654&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFred+R.+Harris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fred_R._Harris&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_CongressH000237" class="citation web cs1">United States Congress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=H000237">"Fred R. Harris (id: H000237)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft.atitle=Fred+R.+Harris+%28id%3A+H000237%29&rft.au=United+States+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DH000237&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFred+R.+Harris" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm5087485/">Fred R. Harris</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100718115146/http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/H/HA033.html">Oklahoma State University – Digital Library_Chronicles of Oklahoma – Fred Harris </a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arc.ou.edu/repositories/3/resources/57">Fred R. Harris Collection</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arc.ou.edu/repositories/3/archival_objects/548058">Photographs Series</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Carl_Albert_Center" title="Carl Albert Center">Carl Albert Center</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.voicesofoklahoma.com/interview/harris-fred/">Voices of Oklahoma interview with Fred Harris.</a> First person interview conducted on April 26, 2012, with Fred Harris.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omeka.binghamton.edu/omeka/items/show/959">Interview with Senator Fred Harris</a> by Stephen McKiernan, Binghamton University Libraries Center for the Study of the 1960s, July 1, 2010</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?29128">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Kerr" title="Robert S. Kerr">Robert S. Kerr</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senator">U.S. Senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a><br>(<a href="/wiki/Classes_of_United_States_Senators" class="mw-redirect" title="Classes of United States Senators">Class 2</a>) </b><br><a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_Senate_special_election_in_Oklahoma" title="1964 United States Senate special election in Oklahoma">1964</a>, <a href="/wiki/1966_United_States_Senate_election_in_Oklahoma" title="1966 United States Senate election in Oklahoma">1966</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ed_Edmondson_(politician)" title="Ed Edmondson (politician)">Ed Edmondson</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Larry_O%27Brien" title="Larry O'Brien">Larry O'Brien</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chair of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee" title="Democratic National Committee">Democratic National Committee</a> </b><br>1969–1970 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Larry_O%27Brien" title="Larry O'Brien">Larry O'Brien</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/J._Howard_Edmondson" title="J. Howard Edmondson">J. Howard Edmondson</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Oklahoma" title="List of United States senators from Oklahoma">U.S. Senator (Class 2) from Oklahoma</a> </b><br>1964–1973 <br>Served alongside: <b><a href="/wiki/Mike_Monroney" title="Mike Monroney">Mike Monroney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Bellmon" title="Henry Bellmon">Henry Bellmon</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Dewey_F._Bartlett" title="Dewey F. Bartlett">Dewey F. Bartlett</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFF157;">Honorary titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Birch_Bayh" title="Birch Bayh">Birch Bayh</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Most senior living U.S. senator<br><span style="font-size:85%;">(Sitting or former)</span> </b><br>March 14, 2019 – November 23, 2024 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Packwood" title="Bob Packwood">Bob Packwood</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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روي هاريس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C_%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="فرد روی هریس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فرد روی هریس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_R._Harris" title="Fred R. Harris – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fred R. Harris" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_R._Harris" title="Fred R. Harris – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fred R. Harris" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C_%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="فرد روی هریس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرد روی هریس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%93_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A1" title="פרד רוי האריס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרד רוי האריס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_R._Harris" title="Fred R. Harris – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fred R. Harris" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%B1_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="فريد ر هاريس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فريد ر هاريس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_R._Harris" title="Fred R. Harris – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fred R. Harris" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_R._Harris" title="Fred R. Harris – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Fred R. Harris" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_R._Harris" title="Fred R. Harris – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fred R. Harris" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 26 November 2024, at 19:15<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-terms-use"><a href="https://foundation.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Terms of Use</a></li> <li id="footer-places-desktop-toggle"><a id="mw-mf-display-toggle" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fred_R._Harris&mobileaction=toggle_view_desktop" data-event-name="switch_to_desktop">Desktop</a></li> </ul> </div> </footer> </div> </div> <div class="mw-notification-area" data-mw="interface"></div>  <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-zsf8m","wgBackendResponseTime":176,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.063","walltime":"1.392","ppvisitednodes":{"value":16144,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":226866,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":30078,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":20,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":7,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":161348,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1145.858 1 -total"," 29.08% 333.164 1 Template:Infobox_officeholder"," 23.83% 273.078 5 Template:Navbox"," 14.03% 160.805 1 Template:Reflist"," 8.97% 102.753 17 Template:Infobox_officeholder/office"," 8.23% 94.321 10 Template:Cite_web"," 7.76% 88.958 19 Template:Party_color"," 7.59% 86.979 20 Template:Box-shadow_border"," 7.16% 82.079 1 Template:USSenOK"," 6.92% 79.277 1 Template:United_States_presidential_election,_1972"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.535","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":14502564,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n}\n\"\"\ntable#1 {\n}\n\"\"\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-78f4c97c5d-v9tzg","timestamp":"20241129023339","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Fred R. 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