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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>New changes</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Show any page [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Show any page</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="The place to get help"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us"><span>Contact us</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-simple.svg" width="101" height="18" style="width: 6.3125em; height: 1.125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail 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class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=simple.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Give to Wikipedia</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Copyright" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Copyright" title="You are encouraged to log in; however, it is not mandatory [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" 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it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Copyright" title="You are encouraged to log in; however, it is not mandatory [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about changes from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Beginning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Who_owns_copyright?" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Who_owns_copyright?"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Who owns copyright?</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Who_owns_copyright?-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Length_of_copyright_protection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Length_of_copyright_protection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Length of copyright protection</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Length_of_copyright_protection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fair_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fair_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Fair use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fair_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Copyright_in_different_countries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Copyright_in_different_countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Copyright in different countries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Copyright_in_different_countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Problems_with_copyright" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Problems_with_copyright"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Problems with copyright</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Problems_with_copyright-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Problems with copyright subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Problems_with_copyright-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Creativity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Creativity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Creativity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Creativity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publisher_control" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publisher_control"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Publisher control</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publisher_control-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Open_content" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Open_content"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Open content</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Open_content-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_pages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_pages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Related pages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Related_pages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Copyright</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 117 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-117" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">117 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopiereg" title="Kopiereg – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kopiereg" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urheberrecht" title="Urheberrecht – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Urheberrecht" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahheevuoig%C3%A2dvuot%C3%A2" title="Tahheevuoigâdvuotâ – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Tahheevuoigâdvuotâ" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C5%8Dcera_riht" title="Bōcera riht – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Bōcera riht" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%88%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B1" title="حقوق التأليف والنشر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حقوق التأليف والنشر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dreitos_d%27autor" title="Dreitos d'autor – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Dreitos d'autor" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9F" title="কপিৰাইট – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="কপিৰাইট" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derechos_d%27autor" title="Derechos d'autor – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Derechos d'autor" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BC%C9%99lliflik_h%C3%BCququ" title="Müəlliflik hüququ – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Müəlliflik hüququ" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC" title="মেধাস্বত্ব – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মেধাস্বত্ব" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hak_Cipta" title="Hak Cipta – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Hak Cipta" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%9E%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Аўтарскае права – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Аўтарскае права" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%9E%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Аўтарскае права – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Аўтарскае права" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9F" title="कॉपीराइट – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="कॉपीराइट" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Право на тиражиране – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Право на тиражиране" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urheberrecht" title="Urheberrecht – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Urheberrecht" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autorsko_pravo" title="Autorsko pravo – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Autorsko pravo" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drets_d%27autor" title="Drets d'autor – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Drets d'autor" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%C4%95%C3%A7-%D0%B8%D1%80%C4%95%D0%BA%C4%95" title="Автор тивĕç-ирĕкĕ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Автор тивĕç-ирĕкĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamalaod_sa_awtor" title="Pamalaod sa awtor – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pamalaod sa awtor" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autorsk%C3%A9_pr%C3%A1vo" title="Autorské právo – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Autorské právo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direchun_i_mantituge%27" title="Direchun i mantituge' – Chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Direchun i mantituge'" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="Chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawlfraint" title="Hawlfraint – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Hawlfraint" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophavsret" title="Ophavsret – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ophavsret" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urheberrecht" title="Urheberrecht – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Urheberrecht" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autori%C3%B5igus" title="Autoriõigus – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Autoriõigus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Πνευματική ιδιοκτησία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πνευματική ιδιοκτησία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright" title="Copyright – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Copyright" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright" title="Copyright – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Copyright" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C5%ADtorrajto_kaj_kopirajtaj_monopoloj" title="Aŭtorrajto kaj kopirajtaj monopoloj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Aŭtorrajto kaj kopirajtaj monopoloj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egile-eskubideak" title="Egile-eskubideak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Egile-eskubideak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%82_%D8%AA%DA%A9%D8%AB%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="حق تکثیر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حق تکثیر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upphavsr%C3%A6ttur" title="Upphavsrættur – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Upphavsrættur" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright" title="Copyright – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Copyright" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auteursrjocht" title="Auteursrjocht – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Auteursrjocht" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3ipcheart" title="Cóipcheart – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cóipcheart" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dereito_de_autor%C3%ADa" title="Dereito de autoría – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Dereito de autoría" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8A%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%AD%D9%82" title="چاکۊدنحق – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="چاکۊدنحق" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%80%EC%9E%91%EA%B6%8C" title="저작권 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="저작권" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D6%84" title="Հեղինակային իրավունք – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հեղինակային իրավունք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="प्रतिलिप्यधिकार – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्रतिलिप्यधिकार" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autorsko_pravo" title="Autorsko pravo – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Autorsko pravo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoroyuro" title="Autoroyuro – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Autoroyuro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbengan_ti_kopia" title="Karbengan ti kopia – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Karbengan ti kopia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hak_cipta" title="Hak cipta – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hak cipta" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derecto_de_autor" title="Derecto de autor – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Derecto de autor" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B6fundar%C3%A9ttur" title="Höfundaréttur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Höfundaréttur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright" title="Copyright – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Copyright" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D" title="זכויות יוצרים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="זכויות יוצרים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hak_cipta" title="Hak cipta – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Hak cipta" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="საავტორო უფლება – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="საავტორო უფლება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%90%D9%B9" title="کاپی رایِٹ – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="کاپی رایِٹ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B6%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B5_(%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5)_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81_%D2%9B%D2%B1%D2%9B%D1%8B%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96" title="Авторлық және (немесе) сабақтас құқықтар иесі – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Авторлық және (немесе) сабақтас құқықтар иесі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakimiliki" title="Hakimiliki – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Hakimiliki" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maf%C3%AA_daneriy%C3%AA" title="Mafê daneriyê – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Mafê daneriyê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA_%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Автордук укук – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Автордук укук" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ius_auctoris" title="Ius auctoris – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ius auctoris" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autorties%C4%ABbas" title="Autortiesības – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Autortiesības" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auteursrecht" title="Auteursrecht – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Auteursrecht" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autori%C5%B3_teis%C4%97s" title="Autorių teisės – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Autorių teisės" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auteursrech" title="Auteursrech – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Auteursrech" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szerz%C5%91i_jog" title="Szerzői jog – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szerzői jog" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Авторско право – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Авторско право" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%82" title="പകർപ്പവകാശം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പകർപ്പവകാശം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manat%C4%81rua" title="Manatārua – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Manatārua" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="ოავტორე ნება – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ოავტორე ნება" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hak_cipta" title="Hak cipta – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hak cipta" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hak_cipta" title="Hak cipta – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Hak cipta" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%85" title="Зохиогчийн эрх – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Зохиогчийн эрх" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%B0%E1%80%95%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%BD%E1%80%84%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA" title="မူပိုင်ခွင့် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မူပိုင်ခွင့်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auteursrecht" title="Auteursrecht – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Auteursrecht" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auteursrecht" title="Auteursrecht – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Auteursrecht" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="प्रतिलिपि अधिकार – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="प्रतिलिपि अधिकार" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%91%97%E4%BD%9C%E6%A8%A9" title="著作権 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="著作権" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opphavsrett" title="Opphavsrett – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Opphavsrett" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opphavsrett" title="Opphavsrett – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Opphavsrett" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright" title="Copyright – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Copyright" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mualliflik_huquqi" title="Mualliflik huquqi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Mualliflik huquqi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%9F" title="ਕਾਪੀਰਾਈਟ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਾਪੀਰਾਈਟ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derecho_di_autor" title="Derecho di autor – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Derecho di autor" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%BE_%D8%A7%D9%88_%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B1_%D8%AD%D9%82" title="د چاپ او نشر حق – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د چاپ او نشر حق" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drit_d%27autor" title="Drit d'autor – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Drit d'autor" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prawo_autorskie" title="Prawo autorskie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Prawo autorskie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direito_autoral" title="Direito autoral – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Direito autoral" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drepturi_de_autor" title="Drepturi de autor – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Drepturi de autor" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Авторское право – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Авторское право" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyricht" title="Copyricht – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Copyricht" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_drejta_e_autorit" title="E drejta e autorit – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="E drejta e autorit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright" title="Copyright – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Copyright" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%81%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%B8" title="ප්‍රකාශන හිමිකම – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ප්‍රකාශන හිමිකම" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%82_%DB%BD_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B7%D8%A7" title="حق ۽ واسطا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="حق ۽ واسطا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autorsk%C3%A9_pr%C3%A1vo" title="Autorské právo – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Autorské právo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avtorske_pravice" title="Avtorske pravice – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Avtorske pravice" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C_%D9%84%DB%95%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%86%DB%95%D9%88%DB%95" title="مافی لەبەرگرتنەوە – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مافی لەبەرگرتنەوە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autorsko_pravo" title="Autorsko pravo – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Autorsko pravo" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autorsko_pravo" title="Autorsko pravo – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Autorsko pravo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hak_cipta" title="Hak cipta – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Hak cipta" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekij%C3%A4noikeus" title="Tekijänoikeus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tekijänoikeus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upphovsr%C3%A4tt" title="Upphovsrätt – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Upphovsrätt" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karapatang-sipi" title="Karapatang-sipi – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Karapatang-sipi" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88" title="பதிப்புரிமை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பதிப்புரிமை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%81" title="కాపీహక్కు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కాపీహక్కు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%8C" title="ลิขสิทธิ์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ลิขสิทธิ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B2%D0%B0%D2%9B%D2%9B%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Ҳаққи таксир – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҳаққи таксир" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telif_hakk%C4%B1" title="Telif hakkı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Telif hakkı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Авторське право – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Авторське право" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%B9" title="کاپی رائٹ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کاپی رائٹ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banjgienz" title="Banjgienz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Banjgienz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright" title="Copyright – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Copyright" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quy%E1%BB%81n_t%C3%A1c_gi%E1%BA%A3" title="Quyền tác giả – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Quyền tác giả" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abondroet_d%27_oteur" title="Abondroet d' oteur – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Abondroet d' oteur" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%91%97%E4%BD%9C%E6%9D%83" title="著作权 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="著作权" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%9B%D7%98" title="קאפירעכט – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קאפירעכט" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8538344">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}</style><table class="box-More_footnotes plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article includes a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">list of references</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:External links">other websites</a>, but <b>its sources remain unclear because it does not have enough <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Adding_the_citation" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" class="extiw" title="en:Wikipedia:When to cite">where appropriate</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2012</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Copyright.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Copyright.svg/150px-Copyright.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Copyright.svg/225px-Copyright.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Copyright.svg/300px-Copyright.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="197" data-file-height="197" /></a><figcaption>The Copyright symbol</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/FixCopyright-_Copy_%28aka_copyright%29_Tells_the_Story_of_His_Life.webm/220px--FixCopyright-_Copy_%28aka_copyright%29_Tells_the_Story_of_His_Life.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="557" data-mwtitle="FixCopyright-_Copy_(aka_copyright)_Tells_the_Story_of_His_Life.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:FixCopyright-_Copy_(aka_copyright)_Tells_the_Story_of_His_Life.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/23/FixCopyright-_Copy_%28aka_copyright%29_Tells_the_Story_of_His_Life.webm/FixCopyright-_Copy_%28aka_copyright%29_Tells_the_Story_of_His_Life.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/23/FixCopyright-_Copy_%28aka_copyright%29_Tells_the_Story_of_His_Life.webm/FixCopyright-_Copy_%28aka_copyright%29_Tells_the_Story_of_His_Life.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/23/FixCopyright-_Copy_%28aka_copyright%29_Tells_the_Story_of_His_Life.webm/FixCopyright-_Copy_%28aka_copyright%29_Tells_the_Story_of_His_Life.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/FixCopyright-_Copy_%28aka_copyright%29_Tells_the_Story_of_His_Life.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/23/FixCopyright-_Copy_%28aka_copyright%29_Tells_the_Story_of_His_Life.webm/FixCopyright-_Copy_%28aka_copyright%29_Tells_the_Story_of_His_Life.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/23/FixCopyright-_Copy_%28aka_copyright%29_Tells_the_Story_of_His_Life.webm/FixCopyright-_Copy_%28aka_copyright%29_Tells_the_Story_of_His_Life.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/23/FixCopyright-_Copy_%28aka_copyright%29_Tells_the_Story_of_His_Life.webm/FixCopyright-_Copy_%28aka_copyright%29_Tells_the_Story_of_His_Life.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/23/FixCopyright-_Copy_%28aka_copyright%29_Tells_the_Story_of_His_Life.webm/FixCopyright-_Copy_%28aka_copyright%29_Tells_the_Story_of_His_Life.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AFixCopyright-_Copy_%28aka_copyright%29_Tells_the_Story_of_His_Life.webm&lang=uk&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="uk" label="українська ‪(uk)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video></span><figcaption>Video explaining the history of copyright</figcaption></figure><p><b>Copyright</b> <b>or ©️</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">law</a> that gives the <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/work" class="extiw" title="wikt:work">work</a> (for example, a <a href="/wiki/Book" title="Book">book</a>, <a href="/wiki/Movie" title="Movie">movie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Television_program" title="Television program">television programs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Picture" title="Picture">picture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Song" title="Song">song</a> or <a href="/wiki/Website" title="Website">website</a>) an ownership. Copyright laws make it easier for owners to make lots of money by selling their works. It is one part of a group of laws about <a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property" title="Intellectual property">intellectual property</a> (the others being <a href="/wiki/Trademark" title="Trademark">trademark</a> and <a href="/wiki/Patent" title="Patent">patent</a> law). It helps protect authors from other people copying their works without permission and/or for commercial purposes. </p><p>With copyright, a work can only be copied if the owner gives the <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/permission" class="extiw" title="wikt:permission">permission</a> to do so. If someone copies a work without permission, the owner can say that they <a href="/wiki/Copyright_infringement" title="Copyright infringement">infringed their copyright</a>. When this happens, the owner may <a href="/wiki/Lawsuit" title="Lawsuit">sue</a> for the amount of money that should have been paid. Most cases are handled by <a href="/wiki/Civil_law" title="Civil law">civil law</a>. In more serious cases, a person who copies a work that is protected under copyright could be <a href="/wiki/Arrest" title="Arrest">arrested</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fine" title="Fine">fined</a> or even go to <a href="/wiki/Prison" title="Prison">prison</a>. Commonly, the copyright law allows to protect the authors and their heirs for 50 to 100 years since the author's death, or the first day of multiple authors' deaths. </p><p>Many countries have modified their copyright law to meet international standards. However, there are still differences in national laws. In some countries, someone violating copyright law will be sued only to the civil law courts but other countries they can also be charged by criminal courts. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copyright&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: History" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copyright&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: History"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Before <a href="/wiki/Printing_press" title="Printing press">printing presses</a> were made, books could only be copied by hand, which took time. But when printing presses were made, books could be copied faster and easier. Because of this, some books were copied by people who did not own the book themselves. So, lawmakers in the 18th century gave only owners the right to copy. National laws were somewhat standardized by international treaties such as the Berne Convention of 1886. </p><p>Because technology got better over time, copyright began to cover other types of media such as pictures, sound, and film. Commonly, copyright violation warning would be shown at the beginning of the media to warn audiences against violating copyright law. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Who_owns_copyright?"><span id="Who_owns_copyright.3F"></span>Who owns copyright?</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copyright&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: Who owns copyright?" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copyright&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Who owns copyright?"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In most countries, authors automatically own the copyright to any work they make or create, as long as they do not give the copyright to someone else. </p><p>In most countries, there is no need to <a href="/wiki/Registration" title="Registration">register</a> the copyright, and some countries do not even have procedures to register copyrights. But, where registration is available, many authors register anyway, especially for works that are sold for money. That is because registration helps to <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/proof" class="extiw" title="wikt:proof">prove</a> that the copyright of a work belongs to a certain author. </p><p>If an author gets paid to make a work for someone else, the person who pays for making the work (for example, the author's <a href="/wiki/Employer" title="Employer">employer</a>) will often get to own the copyright instead of the author themselves. For example, if a person working for a company, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> creates a new computer software program at work, the Microsoft company would own the copyright. It is very common that the company will instead register the copyright to avoid their employees from claiming their works. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Length_of_copyright_protection">Length of copyright protection</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copyright&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: Length of copyright protection" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copyright&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Length of copyright protection"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Copyright laws usually protect owners of copyright beyond their lifetime. In some countries, such as <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, works are protected for 50 years after the last living author dies. In other countries, like the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, the protection lasts for 70 years after death.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the period of copyright protection has ended, the written document, musical composition, book, picture, or other creative work is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>. This means that no one owns the copyright and everyone is free to copy, use and change them without having to ask for permission or pay the owner. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fair_use">Fair use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copyright&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Change section: Fair use" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copyright&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Fair use"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is an <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/exception" class="extiw" title="wikt:exception">exception</a> to the rules of copyright, called <a href="/wiki/Fair_use" title="Fair use">fair use</a>. This means that people can copy a very small amount of a work to use in reviews or in research reports. </p><p>An example of fair use is when <a href="/wiki/Newspaper" title="Newspaper">newspaper</a> writers <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/quote" class="extiw" title="wikt:quote">quote</a> several sentences from a copyright-protected document to tell the story. Another example of "fair use" is when a university professor quotes several sentences from a copyright-protected book in a review of the book, or in a research report. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Copyright_in_different_countries">Copyright in different countries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copyright&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Change section: Copyright in different countries" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copyright&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Copyright in different countries"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Different <a href="/wiki/Country" title="Country">countries</a> have different copyright laws. Most of the differences are about: </p> <ul><li>whether or not the <a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">government</a>'s work falls under copyright,</li> <li>how much longer copyright lasts after the author dies or after the work is created or published, and</li> <li>what is and what is not <a href="/wiki/Fair_use" title="Fair use">fair use</a>.</li></ul> <p>Because of these differences, a certain piece of work may be under copyright in one country, and in the public domain in another. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Problems_with_copyright">Problems with copyright</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copyright&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Change section: Problems with copyright" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copyright&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Problems with copyright"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Creativity">Creativity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copyright&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Change section: Creativity" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copyright&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Creativity"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some people argue that copyright laws make it easier for people to make new works and think of new ideas. After all, if authors get to make money for the time, effort and money they put in, then they will want to make more works later, and make more money. </p><p>But others believe that copyright laws make it harder to be <a href="/wiki/Creativity" title="Creativity">creative</a>. Without copyright, other people could reuse existing work, and copyright law often stops that. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Publisher_control">Publisher control</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copyright&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Change section: Publisher control" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copyright&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Publisher control"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>If an author wants to sell a work, it's often easiest to give the copyright to a <a href="/wiki/Publisher" class="mw-redirect" title="Publisher">publisher</a>. The publisher will do all the selling, and in return for that service, will keep part of the money. But the publisher has many different things to sell, and they may not want to sell the work the author made. Authors often find it very hard to find a publisher willing to sell their work. </p><p>But without a publisher, it can be even harder for an author to sell his or her work. In many <a href="/wiki/Market" title="Market">markets</a>, a few big publishers own the copyrights to almost everything available, and stores will not want to sell works published by small authors themselves. Many people say copyright law helps big publishers stay in control, and keeps smaller authors out of the market. (<a href="/wiki/Tragedy_of_the_anticommons" title="Tragedy of the anticommons">tragedy of the anticommons</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Open_content">Open content</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copyright&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Change section: Open content" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copyright&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Open content"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9671799">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See the main article: <a href="/wiki/Open_content" title="Open content">Open content</a></div> <p>As a solution to these problems, groups of authors have come up with the idea of <a href="/wiki/Open_content" title="Open content">open content</a>. With open content, authors give everyone permission to copy, change and give away or sell their works, as long as they follow certain rules. These rules are explained in an open content <a href="/wiki/License" title="License">license</a>. Some possible open content rules are: </p> <ol><li>If a person changes the work, or if a person makes a new <a href="/wiki/Derivative" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Derivative">derivative</a> work based on it, they must give the original author credit (they must say who wrote it).</li> <li>If a person publishes the changed or derivative piece of work, they must let others use it under the same free license.</li> <li>Under some licenses, a person cannot sell the piece of work or use it to make money.</li></ol> <p>The term for Open Content is sometimes called <a href="/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft">Copyleft</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_pages">Related pages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copyright&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Change section: Related pages" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copyright&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Related pages"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property" title="Intellectual property">Intellectual property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patent" title="Patent">Patent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_law" title="Property law">Property law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">Public domain</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copyright&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copyright&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070709235405/http://www.ipo.gov.uk/cdpact1988.pdf">"Publication Right, Database Right"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipo.gov.uk/cdpact1988.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on July 9, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Publication+Right%2C+Database+Right&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipo.gov.uk%2Fcdpact1988.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ACopyright" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li>World Intellectual Property Organisation. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wipo.int/freepublications/en/intproperty/909/wipo_pub_909.pdf">Understanding Copyright and Related Rights</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130116005531/http://www.wipo.int/freepublications/en/intproperty/909/wipo_pub_909.pdf">Archived</a> 2013-01-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>" (PDF). WIPO. pp. 6–7. Retrieved August 2008.</li> <li>Garfinkle, Ann M; Fries, Janet; Lopez, Daniel; Possessky, Laura (1997). "Art conservation and the legal obligation to preserve artistic intent". JAIC 36 (2): 165–179.</li> <li>17 U.S.C. § 201(b); Cmty. for Creative Non-Violence v. Reid, 490 U.S. 730 (1989)</li> <li>"Copyright Term and the Public Domain in the United States 1 January 2008.", Cornell University.</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Copyright&oldid=10053933">https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Copyright&oldid=10053933</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Copyright" title="Category:Copyright">Copyright</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_in-text_citations" title="Category:Articles lacking in-text citations">Articles lacking in-text citations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last changed on 3 February 2025, at 15:05.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License">GFDL</a>; additional terms may apply. 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