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[{"id":110203212,"identifier":"Attachment_110203212","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":113174913,"created_at":"2024-01-08T11:10:58.968-08:00","from_world_paper_id":247788879,"updated_at":"2024-11-22T22:48:16.208-08:00","_data":{"publisher":"MYU K.K.","grobid_abstract":"To understand the terrestrial ecosystem and track whether it is influenced by any external factors, an accurate assessment of vegetation phenology at the regional to global scale is needed. Because it has become crucial to monitor changes in green cover due to the impacts of climate change, phenology research is a crucial part of documenting life cycle patterns and the effects of climate change on ecosystems. However, ground observations can be a tedious, if not impossible, way of studying such broad-scale trends. Vegetation indices derived from satellite images provide the efficacy to study such trends over a large area and time span. Cloud computing platforms such as Google Earth Engine (GEE) facilitate the storage, manipulation, and accessibility of such large datasets. The satellite-remote-sensing-based normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) was used to study the phenological shift in Chitwan National Park of Nepal, which is home to unique biological resources, in response to two major climatic drivers: temperature and precipitation. The four transition stages of greenness onset, maturity onset, senescence onset, and growing period were determined by fitting spatially averaged NDVI values using the phenofit package of R. It was found that the greenness and maturity onsets have been delayed over the years while the growing period has seen fluctuations due to variations in senescence onset. Precipitation was correlated positively with NDVI while temperature was negatively correlated with NDVI. Moreover, the rainfall one month earlier better explained the NDVI variability than the amount of rainfall in the same month because of the stronger correlation. Overall, this study indicates that climate variability is affecting the phenology of vegetation, and the results can help in performing suitable checks and assessments of the ecosystem in Nepal.","publication_date":"2021,,","publication_name":"Sensors and Materials","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"110203212"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Tracking Long-term Phenological Shift in Response to Climatic Parameters in Chitwan National Park, Nepal","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [2543552]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script 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data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/113174913/Tracking_Long_term_Phenological_Shift_in_Response_to_Climatic_Parameters_in_Chitwan_National_Park_Nepal" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="64015713" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/64015713/Interannual_Variation_of_NDVI_Precipitation_and_Temperature_during_the_Growing_Season_in_Langtang_National_Park_Central_Himalaya_Nepal">Interannual Variation of NDVI, Precipitation and Temperature during the Growing Season in Langtang National Park, Central Himalaya, Nepal</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="166697007" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RegmiRanjana">Ranjana Regmi</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="322068125" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BinodBaniya7">Binod Baniya</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2020</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Vegetation is an essential component of terrestrial ecosystem, and its responses to the climate change has been recognized as a key indicator for monitoring global climate. This study analyses the temporal and spatial changes of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in the Langtang National Park (LNP), Nepal, during 2000 - 2018, using the MODIS 16-day NDVI product, and the ERA-5 precipitation and temperature reanalyzes. Regression models were applied to estimate temporal trends in NDVI, and Pearson correlations between NDVI and climatic variables (i.e., temperature and precipitation) were employed to assess vegetation responses to climate change. Average annual NDVI increased significantly (0.002yr-1, p = 0.001), and the average growing season (AGS: April-October) NDVI also increased significantly (overall, 0.0023yr-1) including in spring (April-May, 0.003yr-1) and autumn (September-October, 0.002yr-1). During summer (June-August), NDVI increased by 0.002yr-1 (p &gt; 0.05). ...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Interannual Variation of NDVI, Precipitation and Temperature during the Growing Season in Langtang National Park, Central Himalaya, Nepal","attachmentId":76248829,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/64015713/Interannual_Variation_of_NDVI_Precipitation_and_Temperature_during_the_Growing_Season_in_Langtang_National_Park_Central_Himalaya_Nepal","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/64015713/Interannual_Variation_of_NDVI_Precipitation_and_Temperature_during_the_Growing_Season_in_Langtang_National_Park_Central_Himalaya_Nepal"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="67204231" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67204231/Modeling_of_Satellite_Data_to_Identify_the_Seasonal_Patterns_and_Trends_of_Vegetation_Index_in_Kathmandu_Valley_Nepal_from_2000_to_2015">Modeling of Satellite Data to Identify the Seasonal Patterns and Trends of Vegetation Index in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal from 2000 to 2015</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="157589370" href="https://psu.academia.edu/AUERANANTASUN">ATTACHAI UERANANTASUN</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2018</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) data were analysed to identify the seasonal patterns and the time series trends of vegetation in Kathmandu. 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The recent period of decline is alarming for a growing city like Kat...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Modeling of Satellite Data to Identify the Seasonal Patterns and Trends of Vegetation Index in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal from 2000 to 2015","attachmentId":78109277,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/67204231/Modeling_of_Satellite_Data_to_Identify_the_Seasonal_Patterns_and_Trends_of_Vegetation_Index_in_Kathmandu_Valley_Nepal_from_2000_to_2015","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/67204231/Modeling_of_Satellite_Data_to_Identify_the_Seasonal_Patterns_and_Trends_of_Vegetation_Index_in_Kathmandu_Valley_Nepal_from_2000_to_2015"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="88606487" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/88606487/Mapping_and_Attributing_Normalized_Difference_Vegetation_Index_Trends_for_Nepal">Mapping and Attributing Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Trends for Nepal</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="44220851" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NirKrakauer">Nir Krakauer</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2017</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Global change is affecting vegetation cover and processes through multiple pathways. 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data-entity-id="65786400" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/65786400/Ecological_relationships_at_a_near_natural_treeline_Rolwaling_Valley_Nepal_Himalaya_Implications_for_the_sensitivity_to_climate_change">Ecological relationships at a near-natural treeline, Rolwaling Valley, Nepal Himalaya: Implications for the sensitivity to climate change</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="30820140" href="https://uni-tuebingen.academia.edu/ThomasScholten">Thomas Scholten</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2020</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">At a global scale, heat deficits during the growing season result in growth limitations, which determine the elevation of natural alpine treelines. Thus, the expected response to global warming is a treeline advance to higher elevations. However, empirical studies of diverse mountain ranges have yielded evidence of both advancing alpine treelines as well as rather insignificant responses. Based on an extensive collection of field data, we analysed population structures and regeneration patterns, investigated population density-environment relationships and correlated tree growth with climate in order to assess the sensitivity to climate warming of a near-natural treeline ecotone in east-central Nepal. The presence of an elevational zone dominated by a gnarled growth form of Rhododendron campanulatum physiognomically classifies the treeline as a krummholz treeline. The fraction of juvenile tree individuals reflects prolific regeneration and stand densification. The species-specific v...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Ecological relationships at a near-natural treeline, Rolwaling Valley, Nepal Himalaya: Implications for the sensitivity to climate change","attachmentId":77232212,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/65786400/Ecological_relationships_at_a_near_natural_treeline_Rolwaling_Valley_Nepal_Himalaya_Implications_for_the_sensitivity_to_climate_change","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/65786400/Ecological_relationships_at_a_near_natural_treeline_Rolwaling_Valley_Nepal_Himalaya_Implications_for_the_sensitivity_to_climate_change"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="60289349" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/60289349/Climatic_Trends_in_Different_Bioclimatic_Zones_in_the_Chitwan_Annapurna_Landscape_Nepal">Climatic Trends in Different Bioclimatic Zones in the Chitwan Annapurna Landscape, Nepal</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="96434857" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DolRajLuitel">Dol Raj Luitel</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Climate</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The Chitwan Annapurna Landscape (CHAL) is the central part of the Himalayas and covers all bioclimatic zones with major endemism of flora, unique agro-biodiversity, environmental, cultural and socio-economic importance. Not much is known about temperature and precipitation trends along the different bioclimatic zones nor how changes in these parameters might impact the whole natural process, including biodiversity and ecosystems, in the CHAL. Analysis of daily temperature and precipitation time series data (1970–2019) was carried out in seven bioclimatic zones extending from lowland Terai to the higher Himalayas. The non-parametric Mann-Kendall test was applied to determine the trends, which were quantified by Sen’s slope. Annual and decade interval average temperature, precipitation trends, and lapse rate were analyzed in each bioclimatic zone. In the seven bioclimatic zones, precipitation showed a mixed pattern of decreasing and increasing trends (four bioclimatic zones showed a d...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Climatic Trends in Different Bioclimatic Zones in the Chitwan Annapurna Landscape, Nepal","attachmentId":73802220,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/60289349/Climatic_Trends_in_Different_Bioclimatic_Zones_in_the_Chitwan_Annapurna_Landscape_Nepal","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/60289349/Climatic_Trends_in_Different_Bioclimatic_Zones_in_the_Chitwan_Annapurna_Landscape_Nepal"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="37684243" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37684243/Assessing_the_Impacts_of_Climate_Change_on_Distribution_of_Major_Non_Timber_Forest_Plants_in_Chitwan_Annapurna_Landscape_Nepal">Assessing the Impacts of Climate Change on Distribution of Major Non-Timber Forest Plants in Chitwan Annapurna Landscape, Nepal</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="362048" href="https://icimod.academia.edu/DrVishwasChitale">Vishwas Chitale</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="96567653" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MirAMatin">Mir A. Matin</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">For many decades, non-timber forest products (NTFPs) have been an important livelihood commodity in Nepal as a traditional source of food, fiber, and medicines. However, the importance of NTFPs have been recognized only recently. NTFPs form more than 5% of Nepal's national gross domestic product and are facing threat due to anthropogenic drivers and changing climate. Understanding of the current distribution and future dynamics of NTFPs is essential for effective conservation planning and management. In the maiden attempt, we used the Maxent model to understand the current and predict the future distribution by 2050 of 10 major NTFPs in Chitwan Annapurna Landscape, Nepal. The prediction accuracy of the models calculated based on the area under curve was high (>90%) and the prediction by 2050 highlights potential increase in distribution range of seven NTFPs and potential decrease in that of three NTFPs in the study area. The results from our study could play an important role in planning and management of these NTFPs considering their high economic and ecological significance and sensitivity to predicted climate change.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Assessing the Impacts of Climate Change on Distribution of Major Non-Timber Forest Plants in Chitwan Annapurna Landscape, Nepal","attachmentId":57674533,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/37684243/Assessing_the_Impacts_of_Climate_Change_on_Distribution_of_Major_Non_Timber_Forest_Plants_in_Chitwan_Annapurna_Landscape_Nepal","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/37684243/Assessing_the_Impacts_of_Climate_Change_on_Distribution_of_Major_Non_Timber_Forest_Plants_in_Chitwan_Annapurna_Landscape_Nepal"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="93205503" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/93205503/Climatic_Trend_in_Different_Bioclimatic_Zones_in_Chitwan_Annapurna_Landscape_Nepal">Climatic Trend in Different Bioclimatic Zones in Chitwan Annapurna Landscape, Nepal</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="13079314" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MadanShrestha1">Madan Shrestha</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2020</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Depending upon altitudinal gradient in the Himalayas, the rate of climate change varies from lowland to upland. The Chitwan Annapurna Landscape (CHAL) is the central part of the Himalayas and covers all bioclimatic zones. Analysis of time series data (1970-2019) of temperature and precipitation was carried out in seven bioclimatic zones extending from lowland Terai to higher Himalayas. The non-parametric Mann-Kendall test was applied to determine the trend, which was quantified by Sen’s slope. Annual and decade interval average temperature, precipitation trends, and lapse rate were analyzed in each bioclimatic zone. Out of seven bioclimatic zones, four zones showed a decreasing precipitation trend (lower tropical, upper tropical, upper subtropical, and alpine bioclimatic zones)at the rate of 1.8, 1.98, 2.06, and 1.80 mm/year, and in lower sub-tropical, temperate, and lower subalpine bioclimatic zones, increasing at the rate of 0.45, 1.81 and 1.28mm/year, respectively. Precipitation ...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Climatic Trend in Different Bioclimatic Zones in Chitwan Annapurna Landscape, Nepal","attachmentId":96007243,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/93205503/Climatic_Trend_in_Different_Bioclimatic_Zones_in_Chitwan_Annapurna_Landscape_Nepal","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/93205503/Climatic_Trend_in_Different_Bioclimatic_Zones_in_Chitwan_Annapurna_Landscape_Nepal"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":110203212,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":110203212,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_110203212" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="67999776" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67999776/Growing_Season_Vegetation_Dynamics_Based_on_NDVI_and_the_Driving_Forces_in_Nepal_during_1982_2015">Growing Season Vegetation Dynamics Based on NDVI and the Driving Forces in Nepal during 1982-2015</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="344166" href="https://unimelb.academia.edu/GiriKattel">Giri Kattel</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2020</p><div 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