Sinead Crotty | Yale School of the Environment

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://environment.yale.edu/directory/faculty/sinead-crotty" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://environment.yale.edu/directory/faculty/sinead-crotty" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Sinead Crotty" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="521231168464851" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@YaleEnvironment" /> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" /> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <link rel="icon" href="/themes/yse/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /> <title>Sinead Crotty | Yale School of the Environment</title> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_2g-TLC1nZu40ntvqA2uTDAp8cLcsj6ftgopkw_mxTyc.css?delta=0&language=en&theme=yse&include=eJx9k1Fy5CAMRC80ldlKDqSSQfZogxElwXic00c4m52P4Py4CvTUFnSDZlSB818KVfQazF7CjcI76SSoEWzDAsrLrUIVSDTXC_5siazHYofEVjkvwJVWG6GUJtlARVaYRWHGHHpXfgcOkoctMz8ONkhTIwNfD7GWUqVHBSVrqQ6l5E6qHAnQiu-CYmWBu-_Imez_lnpTImjFy5nUr6PIr_xuBEVl5kTDWQqpSfar2GBqOSaC79Yx_iUFM2FtSmD8QRG0nai3XNrkbtwc4hw5oFdG4J1pM6BHEXMUWxVr08pDn7fdeNuXL7-s7if_7ifHGN2HbhfmCKJLyzz2pNPPAM0YHEi4SxuOcNAS2kr5XM7TMk5fL35H9Nfb7uBKkfG8uKDP0J4y8Prn9e0Mf1JLkgnTGVdw8WyFpurnO17RKdntDT2_41fTmSqSKhe72G4udZ3Q6OKF678hDu-vx_dllehZ-gRgjKEa" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_IBhEAaerSvgZboX5SEFlBfnh2VijHEtDFOSkrMnJp5c.css?delta=1&language=en&theme=yse&include=eJx9k1Fy5CAMRC80ldlKDqSSQfZogxElwXic00c4m52P4Py4CvTUFnSDZlSB818KVfQazF7CjcI76SSoEWzDAsrLrUIVSDTXC_5siazHYofEVjkvwJVWG6GUJtlARVaYRWHGHHpXfgcOkoctMz8ONkhTIwNfD7GWUqVHBSVrqQ6l5E6qHAnQiu-CYmWBu-_Imez_lnpTImjFy5nUr6PIr_xuBEVl5kTDWQqpSfar2GBqOSaC79Yx_iUFM2FtSmD8QRG0nai3XNrkbtwc4hw5oFdG4J1pM6BHEXMUWxVr08pDn7fdeNuXL7-s7if_7ifHGN2HbhfmCKJLyzz2pNPPAM0YHEi4SxuOcNAS2kr5XM7TMk5fL35H9Nfb7uBKkfG8uKDP0J4y8Prn9e0Mf1JLkgnTGVdw8WyFpurnO17RKdntDT2_41fTmSqSKhe72G4udZ3Q6OKF678hDu-vx_dllehZ-gRgjKEa" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/asset_injector/css/checkerboard_swap_right_to_left-893976609baf9540d476fd122e5c0bc4.css?sm8d49" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_HvCp3fybex7XE6Q9QdX1s6dZ02hRYEP3oz9OIRU6jQE.css?delta=3&language=en&theme=yse&include=eJx9k1Fy5CAMRC80ldlKDqSSQfZogxElwXic00c4m52P4Py4CvTUFnSDZlSB818KVfQazF7CjcI76SSoEWzDAsrLrUIVSDTXC_5siazHYofEVjkvwJVWG6GUJtlARVaYRWHGHHpXfgcOkoctMz8ONkhTIwNfD7GWUqVHBSVrqQ6l5E6qHAnQiu-CYmWBu-_Imez_lnpTImjFy5nUr6PIr_xuBEVl5kTDWQqpSfar2GBqOSaC79Yx_iUFM2FtSmD8QRG0nai3XNrkbtwc4hw5oFdG4J1pM6BHEXMUWxVr08pDn7fdeNuXL7-s7if_7ifHGN2HbhfmCKJLyzz2pNPPAM0YHEi4SxuOcNAS2kr5XM7TMk5fL35H9Nfb7uBKkfG8uKDP0J4y8Prn9e0Mf1JLkgnTGVdw8WyFpurnO17RKdntDT2_41fTmSqSKhe72G4udZ3Q6OKF678hDu-vx_dllehZ-gRgjKEa" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/asset_injector/css/yse_megamenu_overrides_2023-15c68c1fd5ebad534b888f2edac3c5ab.css?sm8d49" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_dlLRLFe8gCp-dPJk2AXVIkKSjSeVIrtOrHC1vMVyXes.css?delta=5&language=en&theme=yse&include=eJx9k1Fy5CAMRC80ldlKDqSSQfZogxElwXic00c4m52P4Py4CvTUFnSDZlSB818KVfQazF7CjcI76SSoEWzDAsrLrUIVSDTXC_5siazHYofEVjkvwJVWG6GUJtlARVaYRWHGHHpXfgcOkoctMz8ONkhTIwNfD7GWUqVHBSVrqQ6l5E6qHAnQiu-CYmWBu-_Imez_lnpTImjFy5nUr6PIr_xuBEVl5kTDWQqpSfar2GBqOSaC79Yx_iUFM2FtSmD8QRG0nai3XNrkbtwc4hw5oFdG4J1pM6BHEXMUWxVr08pDn7fdeNuXL7-s7if_7ifHGN2HbhfmCKJLyzz2pNPPAM0YHEi4SxuOcNAS2kr5XM7TMk5fL35H9Nfb7uBKkfG8uKDP0J4y8Prn9e0Mf1JLkgnTGVdw8WyFpurnO17RKdntDT2_41fTmSqSKhe72G4udZ3Q6OKF678hDu-vx_dllehZ-gRgjKEa" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/asset_injector/css/yse_publications-20d4cfcf7a51ec988519454daf827f24.css?sm8d49" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_aMxQhbojTUHr1PWG0Y3_HwyHnx_MmyOO54SOJ8xHazo.css?delta=7&language=en&theme=yse&include=eJx9k1Fy5CAMRC80ldlKDqSSQfZogxElwXic00c4m52P4Py4CvTUFnSDZlSB818KVfQazF7CjcI76SSoEWzDAsrLrUIVSDTXC_5siazHYofEVjkvwJVWG6GUJtlARVaYRWHGHHpXfgcOkoctMz8ONkhTIwNfD7GWUqVHBSVrqQ6l5E6qHAnQiu-CYmWBu-_Imez_lnpTImjFy5nUr6PIr_xuBEVl5kTDWQqpSfar2GBqOSaC79Yx_iUFM2FtSmD8QRG0nai3XNrkbtwc4hw5oFdG4J1pM6BHEXMUWxVr08pDn7fdeNuXL7-s7if_7ifHGN2HbhfmCKJLyzz2pNPPAM0YHEi4SxuOcNAS2kr5XM7TMk5fL35H9Nfb7uBKkfG8uKDP0J4y8Prn9e0Mf1JLkgnTGVdw8WyFpurnO17RKdntDT2_41fTmSqSKhe72G4udZ3Q6OKF678hDu-vx_dllehZ-gRgjKEa" /> <script src="/themes/yse/assets/js/dist/modernizr.js?v=3.11.7"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> <![CDATA[//><!]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-787834-1']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); </script>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-THKV4HP9QY"></script>  <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-THKV4HP9QY'); </script> <script async="async" src="https://apply.environment.yale.edu/ping">/**/</script> </head> <body class="yse-detail-profile"> <div class="skip-link"> <a href="#main-menu" class="element-invisible element-focusable">Skip to main site navigation</a> <a href="#main-content" class="element-invisible element-focusable">Skip to main content</a> </div> <div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas> <div class="page page--yse-detail-profile page--profile"> <header class="site-header"> <div class='site-header__menu-container site-header__sticky-container '> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="site-header__overflow-scroll-background"> <a class="site-header__logo" href="/"> <svg role="img" height="28" aria-labelledby="logotitle" viewBox="0 0 510 28" width="510" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><title id="logotitle">Yale School of the Environment</title><g fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="m60.0870228 15.8221538c0-2.0827692-1.2986084-3.9695384-3.1054617-3.9695384-1.9662181 0-3.3402018 1.5723077-3.8118358 4.0492308zm3.8527538 8.6476924c-2.2418763 2.044-4.0896475 3.3793846-7.3114025 3.3793846-4.128412 0-7.309249-3.2609231-7.309249-7.8206154 0-5.5827692 3.4198843-9.3950769 8.2525168-9.3950769 3.8915183 0 6.0515585 2.2012307 6.0515585 5.6990769v.7086154l-10.6106864-.0796923c-.0775288.432923-.1184468 1.1393846-.1184468 2.0052307 0 4.0083077 2.5153809 6.6424616 5.8577363 6.6424616 2.002829 0 3.0257793-.7064616 4.5978923-2.044zm-16.7419273 3.064923h-8.7263043v-.9046154c1.7680888-.1163076 2.2784871-.5104615 2.5929097-1.1781538v-20.36030769c0-1.33753846-.1959757-1.88676923-2.9073324-2.12153846v-.7883077l7.1908021-1.80707692.2368938.66769231-1.1392436 1.41507692v22.99446154c.3919515.7861538 1.1392436 1.0618462 2.7522747 1.1781538zm-16.0764713-8.1738461c-1.0207967.4695384-3.5361776 1.5723077-4.6388104 2.1215384-.1550577.6289231-.2735046 1.1803077-.2735046 2.044 0 1.1781539.6676097 2.3584616 1.9640646 2.3584616 1.1801616 0 1.8477712-.3941539 2.9094859-1.2190769zm6.9969799 6.2870769c-.865739 1.0230769-2.3990876 2.24-3.7730714 2.24-2.1234294 0-3.1442261-1.4516923-3.2239085-2.4747692-1.3352193 1.4150769-3.0645437 2.4747692-4.7163392 2.4747692-2.1212759 0-3.9302827-1.2966154-3.9302827-3.5366154 0-1.1006154.2756582-2.24.8269746-3.1446154l7.8196473-2.828v-2.9098461c0-1.7683077-.824821-3.4590769-2.5929098-3.4590769-1.0617147 0-2.0825114 1.2966153-2.1621939 3.3018461l-3.5383311.5901539v-.3941539c1.1801615-3.5366154 5.0716798-4.9129231 6.9582155-4.9129231 3.5770956 0 4.8713969 1.8867693 4.834786 4.7944616l-.1184468 8.2556923c-.0409181 1.6110769.8248209 2.0030769 1.6108775 2.0030769.6288452 0 1.2576904-.392 2.0049825-1.1393846zm-12.1052706-22.08984615c-2.1234294.0796923-3.4995668.78615384-4.5612815 2.59538461l-6.4822744 10.92646154v7.3489231c.7451385 1.7704615 2.6316742 2.0073846 4.440681 2.0849231v1.020923h-12.69319781v-1.020923c1.80469966-.0775385 4.00781151-.3532308 4.59573871-1.5335385v-7.5858462l-6.60287484-11.16338458c-1.13709-1.88676923-2.23972272-2.5156923-4.44068102-2.67292307v-1.02092308h11.04355586v1.02092308c-2.0803578.11846153-2.75012104.51046153-3.33804825.98430769l6.12908735 10.61199996 6.0127941-10.57323073c-.6288452-.47169231-1.4536662-.90461539-3.5361776-1.02307692v-1.02092308h9.4326784z"/><path d="m81.2954742 27.9052308c-2.0889722 0-3.8053751-.6052308-4.8520147-1.0446154l-.4694804-4.4110769h.7408314c.2347401 1.076923 1.0444861 2.492 1.9856003 3.1984615.6396131.4738462 1.8865357 1.1803077 2.9999363 1.1803077 2.1557331 0 3.2992839-1.3483077 3.2992839-2.8301539 0-1.8867692-1.2103117-2.3907692-3.2325229-3.232923-3.8053751-1.6175385-5.1535159-2.5953846-5.1535159-5.1541539 0-2.8646154 2.8642608-4.8181538 6.6674823-4.8181538 1.7853174 0 3.1679155.4716923 4.0767261.8766154v4.2775384h-.7063741c-.1012183-1.1458461-.5383949-2.492-1.51612-3.0993846-.3704157-.2347692-1.4149018-.9089231-2.5929098-.9089231-2.1234294 0-3.2023728 1.3138462-3.2023728 2.5932308 0 1.7187692.8786605 2.4252308 3.4715703 3.4375385 3.5361776 1.412923 4.9489257 2.5243077 4.9489257 5.0184615 0 3.0649231-2.8944109 4.9172308-6.4650457 4.9172308"/><path d="m106.451437 22.7532308-.908811 4.2086154c-1.953296.6073846-2.595063.9110769-5.6596068.9110769-5.3193415 0-9.1613274-3.8058462-9.1613274-8.6584616 0-4.9516923 4.0767261-8.3870769 9.2302419-8.3870769 2.5584523 0 3.9733543.4716923 5.9288043.9433846v4.4476923h-.710681c-.099065-1.148-.570699-2.4273846-1.513966-3.0326153-.469481-.3381539-1.649642-1.2793847-3.941051-1.2793847-3.6718531 0-5.7608253 3.0627693-5.7608253 6.7027693 0 4.7836923 2.6962816 8.1523077 6.9754443 8.1523077 1.378291 0 2.356016-.5729231 2.795346-.9433847 1.007875-.7753846 1.716403-1.988 1.953297-3.2006153z"/><path d="m128.325344 27.5347692h-7.882101v-.740923c1.180162-.0323077 2.222494-.3704616 2.491692-.8766154v-6.0609231h-8.756455v6.0609231c.202437.5061538 1.313684.8443077 2.459388.8766154v.740923h-7.813187v-.740923c1.143551-.0323077 2.256952-.3704616 2.457235-.8766154v-13.1707693c-.200283-.504-1.313684-.84-2.457235-.908923v-.6741539h7.813187v.6741539c-1.145704.068923-2.256951.404923-2.459388.908923v5.727077h8.756455v-5.727077c-.269198-.504-1.31153-.84-2.491692-.908923v-.6741539h7.882101v.6741539c-1.178008.068923-2.222494.404923-2.491691.908923v13.1707693c.269197.5061538 1.313683.8443077 2.491691.8766154z"/><path d="m138.169356 11.9387692c-2.42493 0-4.7831 2.6944616-4.7831 6.7049231 0 4.7147692 2.256952 8.1178462 6.29922 8.1178462 2.558453 0 4.95108-2.5953847 4.95108-6.6704616 0-4.9516923-2.493845-8.1523077-6.4672-8.1523077zm.271351 16.0009231c-5.190126 0-8.185756-3.5710769-8.185756-8.5227692 0-5.0184616 4.143488-8.624 9.329307-8.624 5.254734 0 8.185756 3.6055384 8.185756 8.3547692 0 5.1886154-4.143487 8.792-9.329307 8.792z"/><path d="m158.664973 11.9387692c-2.424931 0-4.780947 2.6944616-4.780947 6.7049231 0 4.7147692 2.254798 8.1178462 6.297067 8.1178462 2.560606 0 4.951079-2.5953847 4.951079-6.6704616 0-4.9516923-2.491691-8.1523077-6.467199-8.1523077zm.271351 16.0009231c-5.187973 0-8.185756-3.5710769-8.185756-8.5227692 0-5.0184616 4.143487-8.624 9.33146-8.624 5.254734 0 8.183602 3.6055384 8.183602 8.3547692 0 5.1886154-4.143487 8.792-9.329306 8.792z"/><path d="m183.88985 27.5347692h-14.146864v-.740923c1.044486-.0667693 2.627367-.336 2.965479-1.1781539v-12.8692308c-.202436-.504-1.315837-.8076923-2.459388-.8766153v-.7064616h8.047927v.7064616c-1.143551.068923-2.491692.4070769-2.694128.9110769v13.5089231l4.649578-.1356924c1.75086-.0667692 2.896565-1.7187692 2.931022-3.8726153h.706374z"/><path d="m201.745178 11.9387692c-2.424931 0-4.7831 2.6944616-4.7831 6.7049231 0 4.7147692 2.256951 8.1178462 6.29922 8.1178462 2.560606 0 4.951079-2.5953847 4.951079-6.6704616 0-4.9516923-2.491691-8.1523077-6.467199-8.1523077zm.271351 16.0009231c-5.187973 0-8.185756-3.5710769-8.185756-8.5227692 0-5.0184616 4.143487-8.624 9.329307-8.624 5.256887 0 8.185756 3.6055384 8.185756 8.3547692 0 5.1886154-4.143487 8.792-9.329307 8.792z"/><path d="m225.876037 15.3073846h-.708528c-.101218-2.2572308-1.042332-2.8624615-2.963325-2.8624615h-3.637396v6.3667692l3.503874-.1356923c1.684099-.0667692 2.42493-.1012308 2.65967-1.988h.671917v5.5246154h-.706374c-.200283-2.0870769-.874353-2.1215385-2.625213-2.1215385l-3.503874-.0344615v5.4578461c.335958.8421539 1.817621 1.2126154 2.997783 1.2793847v.740923h-8.622933v-.740923c1.145704-.0667693 2.392627-.3015385 2.728585-1.1458462v-12.8003077c-.23474-.5707692-1.414901-.9089231-2.592909-.9412308v-.7430769h10.64299c.572852 0 1.14355-.0323077 1.513966-.168h.641767z"/><path d="m252.250925 15.8458462h-.671916c-.066761-2.1883077-1.246923-3.3341539-3.101155-3.3686154l-2.760889-.0323077v12.9338461c.572852 1.2126154 1.987754 1.3483077 3.167916 1.415077v.740923h-9.299157v-.740923c1.180162-.0667693 2.864261-.3015385 3.234677-1.0446154v-13.3043077l-2.763043.0323077c-1.849925.0344615-3.030086 1.1803077-3.064544 3.3686154h-.706374v-4.8827693h.639613c.335959.0990769.674071.2003077 1.51612.2003077h11.653019c.60731 0 1.180162-.1012308 1.51612-.2003077h.639613z"/><path d="m274.450023 27.5347692h-7.882101v-.740923c1.180162-.0323077 2.222494-.3704616 2.491692-.8766154v-6.0609231h-8.756455v6.0609231c.200283.5061538 1.313684.8443077 2.457235.8766154v.740923h-7.813187v-.740923c1.143551-.0323077 2.256951-.3704616 2.459388-.8766154v-13.1707693c-.202437-.504-1.315837-.84-2.459388-.908923v-.6741539h7.813187v.6741539c-1.143551.068923-2.256952.404923-2.457235.908923v5.727077h8.756455v-5.727077c-.269198-.504-1.31153-.84-2.491692-.908923v-.6741539h7.882101v.6741539c-1.180161.068923-2.222494.404923-2.491691.908923v13.1707693c.269197.5061538 1.31153.8443077 2.491691.8766154z"/><path d="m291.191951 27.5347692h-8.655236l-5.827587.0689231v-.7086154c1.180162-.0667692 2.931022-.4027692 3.26698-1.2470769v-12.9015385c-.200282-.504-1.313683-.8076923-2.491691-.8766153v-.7064616h10.64299c.708528 0 1.178008-.0667692 1.51612-.168h.607309v4.312h-.676224c-.101218-2.2572308-1.007875-2.8624615-2.963325-2.8624615h-3.738614v6.0975384h3.503874c1.75086 0 2.459388-.0344615 2.694128-1.9212307h.639613v5.3221538h-.67407c-.200283-2.0547692-.773135-2.0870769-2.659671-2.0870769h-3.503874v5.5569231c.066761.336.202436.7086154.67407.8766154l4.074573-.0667693c1.718556-.0344615 2.864261-.7753846 2.931022-2.9658461h.639613z"/><path d="m315.212977 27.5347692h-8.65739l-5.827586.0689231v-.7086154c1.180162-.0667692 2.931022-.4027692 3.269134-1.2470769v-12.9015385c-.202437-.504-1.315837-.8076923-2.493845-.8766153v-.7064616h10.645143c.706374 0 1.178008-.0667692 1.513967-.168h.607309v4.312h-.67407c-.101219-2.2572308-1.010029-2.8624615-2.963326-2.8624615h-3.740767v6.0975384h3.503874c1.753013 0 2.459387-.0344615 2.694128-1.9212307h.639613v5.3221538h-.671917c-.202437-2.0547692-.775289-2.0870769-2.661824-2.0870769h-3.503874v5.5569231c.068914.336.202436.7086154.67407.8766154l4.074572-.0667693c1.718557-.0344615 2.864261-.7753846 2.933176-2.9658461h.639613z"/><path d="m337.069656 11.8698462c-1.178008.068923-2.222494.6073846-2.491692 1.148v9.868923c0 1.3806154.066761 3.739077.167979 4.8504616h-1.548423l-10.003377-12.2618462-1.113401-1.6498461.103372 1.5163077v5.8950769c0 1.4129231.133522 3.3686154.167979 4.4455384.23474.5061539 1.681946 1.0446154 2.862107 1.1113847v.740923h-7.106812v-.740923c1.178008-.0667693 2.323712-.6052308 2.526149-1.1113847v-9.2292307c0-1.2793846 0-2.5609231-.101219-3.5043077-.269197-.5384616-1.313683-1.0101539-2.457234-1.0790769v-.7064616h5.18582l1.449359 1.8544616 8.353735 10.2738461v-5.8950769c0-1.4150769-.101218-3.6055385-.135676-4.3787692-.236893-.5406154-1.718556-1.079077-2.898718-1.148v-.7064616h7.040052z"/><path d="m357.253003 11.8698462c-1.143551.068923-2.289255.5750769-2.659671 1.4495384l-5.963261 14.4846154h-1.884382l-5.086755-14.7193846c-.269198-.7753846-1.651796-1.1113846-2.829804-1.2147692v-.7064616h8.353735v.7064616c-1.145704.068923-2.356016.3726153-2.59291.9110769l3.973355 11.6889231 4.444988-11.3852308c-.23474-.6396923-1.54627-1.1458462-2.694128-1.2147692v-.7064616h6.938833z"/><path d="m367.344677 27.5347692h-8.151299v-.740923c1.212466-.0667693 2.424931-.4027693 2.627367-.9089231v-13.104c-.202436-.504-1.414901-.8421539-2.627367-.9110769v-.7064616h8.151299v.7064616c-1.212465.068923-2.424931.4070769-2.627367.9110769v13.104c.202436.5061538 1.414902.8421538 2.627367.9089231z"/><path d="m377.076703 12.1067692c-.370416 0-1.111247 0-1.649642.0344616v7.7150769h1.852078c2.526149 0 3.198066-1.7532308 3.198066-4.4132308 0-1.7855384-1.07679-3.3363077-3.400502-3.3363077zm11.351518 15.5636923-2.728586-.0344615c-2.526148-.0323077-2.65967.2024615-4.210248-1.7510769-1.819774-2.324-2.65967-3.8058462-3.503874-4.9516923h-2.558452v4.5467692c.335958.8421538 1.649642 1.2470769 2.793193 1.3138462v.740923h-8.418343v-.740923c1.178008-.0667693 2.392627-.336 2.728585-1.1781539v-12.768c-.236893-.6052308-1.51612-.9089231-2.694128-.9778461v-.7064616c2.795347 0 4.647425-.1012308 7.610751-.1012308 4.210248 0 6.163544 1.3827693 6.163544 4.2796924 0 1.6153846-1.246922 3.3686153-3.200219 4.312l3.570635 4.7147692c.844203 1.1113846 1.651795 1.6843077 1.920993 1.8544615.605156.4027693 1.987754.6052308 2.627367.7064616z"/><path d="m396.725963 11.9387692c-2.424931 0-4.780947 2.6944616-4.780947 6.7049231 0 4.7147692 2.254798 8.1178462 6.297067 8.1178462 2.560606 0 4.951079-2.5953847 4.951079-6.6704616 0-4.9516923-2.491692-8.1523077-6.467199-8.1523077zm.271351 16.0009231c-5.187973 0-8.185756-3.5710769-8.185756-8.5227692 0-5.0184616 4.143487-8.624 9.329306-8.624 5.256888 0 8.185756 3.6055384 8.185756 8.3547692 0 5.1886154-4.143487 8.792-9.329306 8.792z"/><path d="m427.110816 11.8698462c-1.178008.068923-2.224647.6073846-2.493845 1.148v9.868923c0 1.3806154.068915 3.739077.170133 4.8504616h-1.548424l-10.00553-12.2618462-1.111247-1.6498461.101218 1.5163077v5.8950769c0 1.4129231.135676 3.3686154.170133 4.4455384.23474.5061539 1.681945 1.0446154 2.862107 1.1113847v.740923h-7.106812v-.740923c1.178008-.0667693 2.323712-.6052308 2.526148-1.1113847v-9.2292307c0-1.2793846 0-2.5609231-.101218-3.5043077-.269197-.5384616-1.313683-1.0101539-2.459388-1.0790769v-.7064616h5.18582l1.449359 1.8544616 8.353735 10.2738461v-5.8950769c0-1.4150769-.101218-3.6055385-.135676-4.3787692-.236893-.5406154-1.716403-1.079077-2.896564-1.148v-.7064616h7.040051z"/><path d="m451.732691 27.5347692h-7.983319v-.740923c1.180162-.0667693 2.493845-.4027693 2.696282-.9089231l-.506092-9.4316923-.034457-2.6966154-.807592 2.0547692-5.151363 11.7578462h-1.012182l-4.479445-12.2273846-.674071-2.0224616-.066761 1.82-.708527 10.5430769c.167979.5061539 1.414901 1.0446154 2.560606 1.1113847v.740923h-6.704093v-.740923c1.180161-.0667693 2.293562-.6052308 2.595063-1.1113847l.706374-9.2292307c.068915-.9433846.202436-2.7633846.202436-2.8646154 0-.168 0-.5384616-.034457-.8421539-.269197-.4027692-1.143551-.8076923-2.289255-.8766153v-.7064616h5.760825l.839896 2.4596923 3.671854 10.1381539 4.212401-9.9033846 1.109094-2.6944616h5.155669v.7064616c-1.180162.068923-2.054515.4393846-2.291409.8443076v.6052308c0 .2692308.135676 2.2916923.16798 3.1338462l.538395 9.4316923c.303654.5061538 1.382598.8421538 2.526148.9089231z"/><path d="m468.341097 27.5347692h-8.655236l-5.827587.0689231v-.7086154c1.178008-.0667692 2.931022-.4027692 3.26698-1.2470769v-12.9015385c-.202436-.504-1.313683-.8076923-2.491691-.8766153v-.7064616h10.64299c.706374 0 1.178008-.0667692 1.513966-.168h.609463v4.312h-.676223c-.101219-2.2572308-1.010029-2.8624615-2.963326-2.8624615h-3.738614v6.0975384h3.503874c1.75086 0 2.457234-.0344615 2.694128-1.9212307h.639613v5.3221538h-.67407c-.202437-2.0547692-.773135-2.0870769-2.659671-2.0870769h-3.503874v5.5569231c.066761.336.202436.7086154.671917.8766154l4.076726-.0667693c1.718556-.0344615 2.864261-.7753846 2.931022-2.9658461h.639613z"/><path d="m490.202083 11.8698462c-1.178008.068923-2.224648.6073846-2.493845 1.148v9.868923c0 1.3806154.068914 3.739077.167979 4.8504616h-1.54627l-10.005531-12.2618462-1.111247-1.6498461.101218 1.5163077v5.8950769c0 1.4129231.135676 3.3686154.170133 4.4455384.23474.5061539 1.681946 1.0446154 2.862107 1.1113847v.740923h-7.106812v-.740923c1.178008-.0667693 2.323712-.6052308 2.526149-1.1113847v-9.2292307c0-1.2793846 0-2.5609231-.101219-3.5043077-.269197-.5384616-1.315837-1.0101539-2.459387-1.0790769v-.7064616h5.185819l1.449359 1.8544616 8.353735 10.2738461v-5.8950769c0-1.4150769-.101218-3.6055385-.133522-4.3787692-.239047-.5406154-1.718556-1.079077-2.898718-1.148v-.7064616h7.040052z"/><path d="m508.761631 15.8458462h-.67407c-.066761-2.1883077-1.246923-3.3341539-3.099001-3.3686154l-2.763043-.0323077v12.9338461c.572852 1.2126154 1.987754 1.3483077 3.167916 1.415077v.740923h-9.297003v-.740923c1.180161-.0667693 2.864261-.3015385 3.234676-1.0446154v-13.3043077l-2.763042.0323077c-1.852079.0344615-3.03224 1.1803077-3.064544 3.3686154h-.706374v-4.8827693h.63746c.338112.0990769.67407.2003077 1.518273.2003077h11.653019c.605156 0 1.180162-.1012308 1.51612-.2003077h.639613z"/></g></svg> <span class="show-for-sr">Visit the Yale School of the Environment homepage</span> </a> <button class="hamburger hamburger--squeeze mobile-menu-button" data-button-open-text="Open the main menu" data-button-close-text="Close the main menu" data-button-enable-at="0" data-button-open-class="mobile-menu-open" > <span class="hamburger-box"> <span class="hamburger-inner"></span> </span> <span class="toggle-text show-for-sr"></span> </button> </div> <div class="site-header__main"> <div class="site-header__top"> <nav id="utility-menu" class="utility-menu"> <ul class="menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item--collapsed"> <a href="/forest-school" class="menu-item__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5">The Forest School</a> <span class="tfs_tagline">Connecting people, forests, and forestry for a sustainable future</span> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item--collapsed"> <a href="/giving" class="menu-item__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/52">Giving</a> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item--collapsed"> <a href="/alumni" class="menu-item__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/53">Alumni</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/news" class="menu-item__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3850">News</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://yaleconnect.yale.edu/events?group_type=35203" class="menu-item__link">Calendar</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://resources.environment.yale.edu/resources" class="menu-item__link">YSE Resources</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <div class="site-search"> <button class="site-search__toggle" data-button-open-text="Open the search panel" data-button-close-text="Close the search panel" data-button-enable-at="1024" data-button-open-class="search-panel-open"> <span class="toggle-text show-for-sr">Open the search panel</span> </button> <form class="search-form search-block-form oho-search-api-form" data-drupal-selector="oho-search-api-form-2" action="/search/all/list" method="get" id="search-block-form" accept-charset="UTF-8"> <div class="js-form-item form-item js-form-type-textfield form-item-keys js-form-item-keys form-no-label"> <label for="edit-keys-3" class="visually-hidden">Search</label> <input data-drupal-selector="edit-keys" placeholder="Search…" type="text" id="ft" name="ft" value="" size="60" maxlength="128" class="form-text"> </div> <div data-drupal-selector="edit-actions" class="form-actions js-form-wrapper form-wrapper" id="edit-keys-3--2"> <input data-drupal-selector="edit-submit" type="submit" id="edit-submit--2" name="op" value="Go" class="button js-form-submit form-submit"> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="site-header__bottom"> <nav id="main-menu" class="main-menu accessible-menu" data-menu-open-text="Open the %s menu quick" data-menu-close-text="Close the %s menu now" data-menu-link-text="%s Overview"> <ul data-region="primary_nav" class="menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="/academics" class="menu-item__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/28">Academic Programs</a> <ul class="menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item--collapsed"> <a href="/academics/masters" class="menu-item__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/34">Master鈥檚 Programs</a> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item--collapsed"> <a href="/academics/doctoral" class="menu-item__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/30">Doctoral Program</a> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item--collapsed"> <a href="/academics/certificate-programs" class="menu-item__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/31">Certificate Programs</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://resources.environment.yale.edu/courses" class="elf elf-external menu-item__link">Courses</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/academics/calendar" class="menu-item__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3795">Academic Calendar</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="/admissions" class="menu-item__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/48">Admissions</a> <ul class="menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item--collapsed"> <a href="/admissions/masters" class="menu-item__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/54">Master鈥檚 Admissions</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/admissions/masters/funding-your-degree" class="menu-item__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/219">Funding Your Master鈥檚 Degree</a> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item--collapsed"> <a href="/admissions/doctoral" class="menu-item__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/55">Doctoral Admissions</a> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item--collapsed"> <a href="/admissions/certificate-programs" class="menu-item__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/60">Certificate Program Admissions</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/student-experience/campus" class="menu-item__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/185">Visit Campus</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/admissions/why-choose-yse" class="menu-item__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/216">Why Choose YSE?</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/admissions/admissions-viewbook" class="menu-item__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3396">Viewbook</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="/learning-communities" class="menu-item__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/47">Learning Communities</a> <ul class="menu"> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/learning-communities/business" class="menu-item__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/62">Business and the Environment</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/learning-communities/climate-change" class="menu-item__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/63">Climate Change Science and Solutions</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/learning-communities/ecosystem" class="menu-item__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/64">Ecosystem Management and Conservation</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/learning-communities/energy" class="menu-item__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/65">Energy and the Environment</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/learning-communities/policy" class="menu-item__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66">Environmental Policy Analysis</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/learning-communities/forestry" class="menu-item__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/67">Forestry</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/learning-communities/industrial-ecology-and-green-chemistry" class="menu-item__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/68">Industrial Ecology and Green Chemistry</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/learning-communities/people-equity-and-environment" class="menu-item__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/69">People, Equity, and the Environment</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/learning-communities/urban" class="menu-item__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/70">Urban</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/learning-communities/water" class="menu-item__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/71">Water Resource Science and Management</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="/research" class="menu-item__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/49">Research & Impact</a> <ul class="menu"> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/directory/faculty" class="menu-item__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="profiles/faculty">Faculty</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/research/explore" title="Search publications, news, and faculty" class="menu-item__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="research/explore">Explore Our Research</a> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item--collapsed"> <a href="/research/centers" class="menu-item__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/86">Centers, Programs, and Initiatives</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/research/contacts" class="menu-item__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/142">Research Contacts</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/research/environmental-leadership-and-mentoring-certificate-program" class="menu-item__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3942">ELM Certificate for Postdocs</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="/student-experience" class="menu-item__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/50">Student Experience</a> <ul class="menu"> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/student-experience/student-life" class="menu-item__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/188">Student Life</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://careers.environment.yale.edu" class="elf elf-external menu-item__link">Career and Professional Development</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/student-experience/campus" class="menu-item__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/185">YSE Campus and Virtual Tours</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/student-experience/yale-campus" class="menu-item__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/186">Yale Campus</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/student-experience/living-new-haven" class="menu-item__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/187">Living in New Haven</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/student-experience/student-affairs" class="menu-item__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/105">Student Affairs</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="/about" class="menu-item__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/51">About</a> <ul class="menu"> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/about/message-dean" class="menu-item__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4215">A Message From the Dean</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://environment.yale.edu/careers/for-employers" class="elf elf-external menu-item__link">Hire Our Graduates</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/about/leadership-team" class="menu-item__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/56">Leadership Team</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/about/vision-and-mission" class="menu-item__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/74">Vision and Mission</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/about/strategic-plan" class="menu-item__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/57">Strategic Plan</a> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item--collapsed"> <a href="/about/diversity-equity-and-inclusion" class="menu-item__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/58">Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion</a> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item--collapsed"> <a href="/about/our-campus" class="menu-item__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/59">Our Campus</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/about/history" class="menu-item__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/75">History</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/directory/search" title="YSE directory" class="menu-item__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="directory/search">Directory</a> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item--collapsed"> <a href="/about/contact" class="menu-item__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2219">Contact</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="page-wrapper"> <main id="main-content" class="main-content"> <div id="block-yse-content"> <section class="profile flexhero hero section--global-spacing"> <div class="hero__background cream"></div> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="grid-x grid-margin-x"> <div class="cell"> <div class="flexhero__text"> <div class="flexhero__text--inner"> <ol class="breadcrumbs"> <li><a href="/directory/">Directory</a></li> <li class="active">Profile</li> </ol> <h1>Sinead Crotty</h1> <div class="intro-text profile__position global-spacing--small"> <p>Lecturer</p> </div> <div class="profile__split-content global-spacing--medium"> <div class="profile__info"> <div class="eyebrow">Contact</div> <p class="email-ellipsis"><a href="mailto:sinead.crotty@yale.edu" rel="nofollow">sinead.crotty@yale.edu</a></p> </div> <div class="profile__info"> <div class="eyebrow">More</div> <ul> <li><a href="/profiles/faculty?facultytype=15" rel="nofollow">Affiliated Faculty and Scholars</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="grid-x grid-margin-x"> <div class="cell medium-8"> <div class="profile__split-content global-spacing--default"> </div> <section id="courses" data-jump-nav-heading="Courses" class="global-spacing global-spacing--xlarge"> <div class="section-heading text-margin-reset"> <div class="grid-x grid-margin-x"> <div class="cell initial-12 medium-9"> <h2 class="section-heading__heading">Courses</h2> </div> <div class="cell initial-12 medium-auto"> <a class="link-arrow" href="https://resources.environment.yale.edu/courses/">All YSE Courses</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="profile__info profile__info--courses global-spacing--default"> <ul class="faculty_course_listings"> <li> <div class="course--title">ENV 636a</div> <div class="course--link"><a href="https://resources.environment.yale.edu/courses/detail/636" title="course 636 details">Carbon Dioxide Removal</a></div> </li> </ul> </div> </section> </div> <aside class="cell medium-4"> <div class="asider"> <section class="profile__info profile__info--jump-links jump-nav-column"> <div class="eyebrow">On This Page</div> <ol class="jump-nav" data-jump-nav-hide></ol> </section> </div> </aside> </div> </div> </div> <section data-jump-nav-heading="Publications" id="publications" class="publications__feature global-spacing global-spacing--xlarge"> <div class="section-heading text-margin-reset" > <div class="grid-container"> <div class="grid-x grid-margin-x"> <div class='initial-12 cell'> <h2 class="section-heading__heading oho-animate oho-animate-single">Publications</h2> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="views-element-container"> <div class="listing listing--publications views-element-container"> <div class="profile--info profile--info--pubs global-spacing--default profile__info profile__info--pubs js-view-dom-id-ee692564016146e28c1e1e388ecd098c300ba3372b52d6ed65c17afaff24776f"> <section class="global-spacing global-spacing--small"> <div class="grid-container"> <form class="views-exposed-form" data-drupal-selector="views-exposed-form-yse-publications-profilepubsblock" action="/directory/faculty/sinead-crotty" method="get" id="views-exposed-form-yse-publications-profilepubsblock" accept-charset="UTF-8"> <form class="views-exposed-form" data-drupal-selector="views-exposed-form-yse-publications-profilepubsblock" action="/publications" method="get" id="views-exposed-form-yse-publications-profilepubsblock" accept-charset="UTF-8" data-drupal-form-fields="edit-rt--aCBKk9XJmuw"> <form class="views-exposed-form" data-drupal-selector="views-exposed-form-yse-publications-profilepubsblock" action="/publications" method="get" id="views-exposed-form-yse-publications-profilepubsblock" accept-charset="UTF-8"> <div class="grid-x grid-margin-x grid-align-center"> <div class="cell large-8 "> <div class="js-form-item form-item form-type-textfield js-form-type-textfield form-item-pubt js-form-item-pubt form-no-label"> <input placeholder="Search for words within publication titles" data-drupal-selector="edit-pubt" type="text" id="edit-pubt--2" name="pubt" value="" size="30" maxlength="128" class="form-text" /> </div> </div> <div class="cell initial-12 large-order-4"> </div> <div class="cell large-2 large-order-3"> <div data-drupal-selector="edit-actions" class="form-actions js-form-wrapper form-wrapper" id="edit-actions--2"><input data-drupal-selector="edit-submit-yse-publications-2" type="submit" id="edit-submit-yse-publications--2" value="Apply" class="button js-form-submit form-submit" /> </div> </div> </div> </form> </form> </div> </section> <div class="results-count">1 Publication</div> <div> <h3>2023</h3> <ul class="yse-publications"> <li class="initial-12 medium-4 cell global-spacing--large"> <div class="pub--title"><a href="/bibcite/reference/3652" rel="nofollow">Faunal engineering stimulates landscape-scale accretion in southeastern US salt marshes</a></div> <div class="pub--journal">NATURE COMMUNICATIONS</div> <div class="pub--datestring">2023</div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </section> </div> </main> </div> <div class="bottom-nav "> <div class="bottom-nav__container"> <div class="bottom-nav__panels grid-x"> </div> <div class="bottom-nav__sock"> <div class="sock"> <div class="sock__box blue--dark topographic-map"> <div class="grid-x grid-margin-x"> <div class="cell"> <h2>Connect with us</h2> </div> </div> <ul class="grid-x grid-margin-x"> <li class="cell medium-4"><a href="https://apply.environment.yale.edu/register/inquiry/" class="btn btn--inverse"><span>Request Information</span></a></li> <li class="cell medium-4"><a href="https://apply.environment.yale.edu/portal/main-event-page" class="btn btn--inverse"><span>Register for Events</span></a></li> <li class="cell medium-4"><a href="/admissions" class="btn btn--inverse"><span>Apply</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer class="site-footer"> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="site-footer__primary grid-x grid-margin-x"> <div class="cell medium-6"> <a class="site-footer__logo" href="/"> <svg role="img" height="28" aria-labelledby="logotitle" viewBox="0 0 510 28" width="510" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><title id="logotitle">Yale School of the Environment</title><g fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="m60.0870228 15.8221538c0-2.0827692-1.2986084-3.9695384-3.1054617-3.9695384-1.9662181 0-3.3402018 1.5723077-3.8118358 4.0492308zm3.8527538 8.6476924c-2.2418763 2.044-4.0896475 3.3793846-7.3114025 3.3793846-4.128412 0-7.309249-3.2609231-7.309249-7.8206154 0-5.5827692 3.4198843-9.3950769 8.2525168-9.3950769 3.8915183 0 6.0515585 2.2012307 6.0515585 5.6990769v.7086154l-10.6106864-.0796923c-.0775288.432923-.1184468 1.1393846-.1184468 2.0052307 0 4.0083077 2.5153809 6.6424616 5.8577363 6.6424616 2.002829 0 3.0257793-.7064616 4.5978923-2.044zm-16.7419273 3.064923h-8.7263043v-.9046154c1.7680888-.1163076 2.2784871-.5104615 2.5929097-1.1781538v-20.36030769c0-1.33753846-.1959757-1.88676923-2.9073324-2.12153846v-.7883077l7.1908021-1.80707692.2368938.66769231-1.1392436 1.41507692v22.99446154c.3919515.7861538 1.1392436 1.0618462 2.7522747 1.1781538zm-16.0764713-8.1738461c-1.0207967.4695384-3.5361776 1.5723077-4.6388104 2.1215384-.1550577.6289231-.2735046 1.1803077-.2735046 2.044 0 1.1781539.6676097 2.3584616 1.9640646 2.3584616 1.1801616 0 1.8477712-.3941539 2.9094859-1.2190769zm6.9969799 6.2870769c-.865739 1.0230769-2.3990876 2.24-3.7730714 2.24-2.1234294 0-3.1442261-1.4516923-3.2239085-2.4747692-1.3352193 1.4150769-3.0645437 2.4747692-4.7163392 2.4747692-2.1212759 0-3.9302827-1.2966154-3.9302827-3.5366154 0-1.1006154.2756582-2.24.8269746-3.1446154l7.8196473-2.828v-2.9098461c0-1.7683077-.824821-3.4590769-2.5929098-3.4590769-1.0617147 0-2.0825114 1.2966153-2.1621939 3.3018461l-3.5383311.5901539v-.3941539c1.1801615-3.5366154 5.0716798-4.9129231 6.9582155-4.9129231 3.5770956 0 4.8713969 1.8867693 4.834786 4.7944616l-.1184468 8.2556923c-.0409181 1.6110769.8248209 2.0030769 1.6108775 2.0030769.6288452 0 1.2576904-.392 2.0049825-1.1393846zm-12.1052706-22.08984615c-2.1234294.0796923-3.4995668.78615384-4.5612815 2.59538461l-6.4822744 10.92646154v7.3489231c.7451385 1.7704615 2.6316742 2.0073846 4.440681 2.0849231v1.020923h-12.69319781v-1.020923c1.80469966-.0775385 4.00781151-.3532308 4.59573871-1.5335385v-7.5858462l-6.60287484-11.16338458c-1.13709-1.88676923-2.23972272-2.5156923-4.44068102-2.67292307v-1.02092308h11.04355586v1.02092308c-2.0803578.11846153-2.75012104.51046153-3.33804825.98430769l6.12908735 10.61199996 6.0127941-10.57323073c-.6288452-.47169231-1.4536662-.90461539-3.5361776-1.02307692v-1.02092308h9.4326784z"/><path d="m81.2954742 27.9052308c-2.0889722 0-3.8053751-.6052308-4.8520147-1.0446154l-.4694804-4.4110769h.7408314c.2347401 1.076923 1.0444861 2.492 1.9856003 3.1984615.6396131.4738462 1.8865357 1.1803077 2.9999363 1.1803077 2.1557331 0 3.2992839-1.3483077 3.2992839-2.8301539 0-1.8867692-1.2103117-2.3907692-3.2325229-3.232923-3.8053751-1.6175385-5.1535159-2.5953846-5.1535159-5.1541539 0-2.8646154 2.8642608-4.8181538 6.6674823-4.8181538 1.7853174 0 3.1679155.4716923 4.0767261.8766154v4.2775384h-.7063741c-.1012183-1.1458461-.5383949-2.492-1.51612-3.0993846-.3704157-.2347692-1.4149018-.9089231-2.5929098-.9089231-2.1234294 0-3.2023728 1.3138462-3.2023728 2.5932308 0 1.7187692.8786605 2.4252308 3.4715703 3.4375385 3.5361776 1.412923 4.9489257 2.5243077 4.9489257 5.0184615 0 3.0649231-2.8944109 4.9172308-6.4650457 4.9172308"/><path d="m106.451437 22.7532308-.908811 4.2086154c-1.953296.6073846-2.595063.9110769-5.6596068.9110769-5.3193415 0-9.1613274-3.8058462-9.1613274-8.6584616 0-4.9516923 4.0767261-8.3870769 9.2302419-8.3870769 2.5584523 0 3.9733543.4716923 5.9288043.9433846v4.4476923h-.710681c-.099065-1.148-.570699-2.4273846-1.513966-3.0326153-.469481-.3381539-1.649642-1.2793847-3.941051-1.2793847-3.6718531 0-5.7608253 3.0627693-5.7608253 6.7027693 0 4.7836923 2.6962816 8.1523077 6.9754443 8.1523077 1.378291 0 2.356016-.5729231 2.795346-.9433847 1.007875-.7753846 1.716403-1.988 1.953297-3.2006153z"/><path d="m128.325344 27.5347692h-7.882101v-.740923c1.180162-.0323077 2.222494-.3704616 2.491692-.8766154v-6.0609231h-8.756455v6.0609231c.202437.5061538 1.313684.8443077 2.459388.8766154v.740923h-7.813187v-.740923c1.143551-.0323077 2.256952-.3704616 2.457235-.8766154v-13.1707693c-.200283-.504-1.313684-.84-2.457235-.908923v-.6741539h7.813187v.6741539c-1.145704.068923-2.256951.404923-2.459388.908923v5.727077h8.756455v-5.727077c-.269198-.504-1.31153-.84-2.491692-.908923v-.6741539h7.882101v.6741539c-1.178008.068923-2.222494.404923-2.491691.908923v13.1707693c.269197.5061538 1.313683.8443077 2.491691.8766154z"/><path d="m138.169356 11.9387692c-2.42493 0-4.7831 2.6944616-4.7831 6.7049231 0 4.7147692 2.256952 8.1178462 6.29922 8.1178462 2.558453 0 4.95108-2.5953847 4.95108-6.6704616 0-4.9516923-2.493845-8.1523077-6.4672-8.1523077zm.271351 16.0009231c-5.190126 0-8.185756-3.5710769-8.185756-8.5227692 0-5.0184616 4.143488-8.624 9.329307-8.624 5.254734 0 8.185756 3.6055384 8.185756 8.3547692 0 5.1886154-4.143487 8.792-9.329307 8.792z"/><path d="m158.664973 11.9387692c-2.424931 0-4.780947 2.6944616-4.780947 6.7049231 0 4.7147692 2.254798 8.1178462 6.297067 8.1178462 2.560606 0 4.951079-2.5953847 4.951079-6.6704616 0-4.9516923-2.491691-8.1523077-6.467199-8.1523077zm.271351 16.0009231c-5.187973 0-8.185756-3.5710769-8.185756-8.5227692 0-5.0184616 4.143487-8.624 9.33146-8.624 5.254734 0 8.183602 3.6055384 8.183602 8.3547692 0 5.1886154-4.143487 8.792-9.329306 8.792z"/><path d="m183.88985 27.5347692h-14.146864v-.740923c1.044486-.0667693 2.627367-.336 2.965479-1.1781539v-12.8692308c-.202436-.504-1.315837-.8076923-2.459388-.8766153v-.7064616h8.047927v.7064616c-1.143551.068923-2.491692.4070769-2.694128.9110769v13.5089231l4.649578-.1356924c1.75086-.0667692 2.896565-1.7187692 2.931022-3.8726153h.706374z"/><path d="m201.745178 11.9387692c-2.424931 0-4.7831 2.6944616-4.7831 6.7049231 0 4.7147692 2.256951 8.1178462 6.29922 8.1178462 2.560606 0 4.951079-2.5953847 4.951079-6.6704616 0-4.9516923-2.491691-8.1523077-6.467199-8.1523077zm.271351 16.0009231c-5.187973 0-8.185756-3.5710769-8.185756-8.5227692 0-5.0184616 4.143487-8.624 9.329307-8.624 5.256887 0 8.185756 3.6055384 8.185756 8.3547692 0 5.1886154-4.143487 8.792-9.329307 8.792z"/><path d="m225.876037 15.3073846h-.708528c-.101218-2.2572308-1.042332-2.8624615-2.963325-2.8624615h-3.637396v6.3667692l3.503874-.1356923c1.684099-.0667692 2.42493-.1012308 2.65967-1.988h.671917v5.5246154h-.706374c-.200283-2.0870769-.874353-2.1215385-2.625213-2.1215385l-3.503874-.0344615v5.4578461c.335958.8421539 1.817621 1.2126154 2.997783 1.2793847v.740923h-8.622933v-.740923c1.145704-.0667693 2.392627-.3015385 2.728585-1.1458462v-12.8003077c-.23474-.5707692-1.414901-.9089231-2.592909-.9412308v-.7430769h10.64299c.572852 0 1.14355-.0323077 1.513966-.168h.641767z"/><path d="m252.250925 15.8458462h-.671916c-.066761-2.1883077-1.246923-3.3341539-3.101155-3.3686154l-2.760889-.0323077v12.9338461c.572852 1.2126154 1.987754 1.3483077 3.167916 1.415077v.740923h-9.299157v-.740923c1.180162-.0667693 2.864261-.3015385 3.234677-1.0446154v-13.3043077l-2.763043.0323077c-1.849925.0344615-3.030086 1.1803077-3.064544 3.3686154h-.706374v-4.8827693h.639613c.335959.0990769.674071.2003077 1.51612.2003077h11.653019c.60731 0 1.180162-.1012308 1.51612-.2003077h.639613z"/><path d="m274.450023 27.5347692h-7.882101v-.740923c1.180162-.0323077 2.222494-.3704616 2.491692-.8766154v-6.0609231h-8.756455v6.0609231c.200283.5061538 1.313684.8443077 2.457235.8766154v.740923h-7.813187v-.740923c1.143551-.0323077 2.256951-.3704616 2.459388-.8766154v-13.1707693c-.202437-.504-1.315837-.84-2.459388-.908923v-.6741539h7.813187v.6741539c-1.143551.068923-2.256952.404923-2.457235.908923v5.727077h8.756455v-5.727077c-.269198-.504-1.31153-.84-2.491692-.908923v-.6741539h7.882101v.6741539c-1.180161.068923-2.222494.404923-2.491691.908923v13.1707693c.269197.5061538 1.31153.8443077 2.491691.8766154z"/><path d="m291.191951 27.5347692h-8.655236l-5.827587.0689231v-.7086154c1.180162-.0667692 2.931022-.4027692 3.26698-1.2470769v-12.9015385c-.200282-.504-1.313683-.8076923-2.491691-.8766153v-.7064616h10.64299c.708528 0 1.178008-.0667692 1.51612-.168h.607309v4.312h-.676224c-.101218-2.2572308-1.007875-2.8624615-2.963325-2.8624615h-3.738614v6.0975384h3.503874c1.75086 0 2.459388-.0344615 2.694128-1.9212307h.639613v5.3221538h-.67407c-.200283-2.0547692-.773135-2.0870769-2.659671-2.0870769h-3.503874v5.5569231c.066761.336.202436.7086154.67407.8766154l4.074573-.0667693c1.718556-.0344615 2.864261-.7753846 2.931022-2.9658461h.639613z"/><path d="m315.212977 27.5347692h-8.65739l-5.827586.0689231v-.7086154c1.180162-.0667692 2.931022-.4027692 3.269134-1.2470769v-12.9015385c-.202437-.504-1.315837-.8076923-2.493845-.8766153v-.7064616h10.645143c.706374 0 1.178008-.0667692 1.513967-.168h.607309v4.312h-.67407c-.101219-2.2572308-1.010029-2.8624615-2.963326-2.8624615h-3.740767v6.0975384h3.503874c1.753013 0 2.459387-.0344615 2.694128-1.9212307h.639613v5.3221538h-.671917c-.202437-2.0547692-.775289-2.0870769-2.661824-2.0870769h-3.503874v5.5569231c.068914.336.202436.7086154.67407.8766154l4.074572-.0667693c1.718557-.0344615 2.864261-.7753846 2.933176-2.9658461h.639613z"/><path d="m337.069656 11.8698462c-1.178008.068923-2.222494.6073846-2.491692 1.148v9.868923c0 1.3806154.066761 3.739077.167979 4.8504616h-1.548423l-10.003377-12.2618462-1.113401-1.6498461.103372 1.5163077v5.8950769c0 1.4129231.133522 3.3686154.167979 4.4455384.23474.5061539 1.681946 1.0446154 2.862107 1.1113847v.740923h-7.106812v-.740923c1.178008-.0667693 2.323712-.6052308 2.526149-1.1113847v-9.2292307c0-1.2793846 0-2.5609231-.101219-3.5043077-.269197-.5384616-1.313683-1.0101539-2.457234-1.0790769v-.7064616h5.18582l1.449359 1.8544616 8.353735 10.2738461v-5.8950769c0-1.4150769-.101218-3.6055385-.135676-4.3787692-.236893-.5406154-1.718556-1.079077-2.898718-1.148v-.7064616h7.040052z"/><path d="m357.253003 11.8698462c-1.143551.068923-2.289255.5750769-2.659671 1.4495384l-5.963261 14.4846154h-1.884382l-5.086755-14.7193846c-.269198-.7753846-1.651796-1.1113846-2.829804-1.2147692v-.7064616h8.353735v.7064616c-1.145704.068923-2.356016.3726153-2.59291.9110769l3.973355 11.6889231 4.444988-11.3852308c-.23474-.6396923-1.54627-1.1458462-2.694128-1.2147692v-.7064616h6.938833z"/><path d="m367.344677 27.5347692h-8.151299v-.740923c1.212466-.0667693 2.424931-.4027693 2.627367-.9089231v-13.104c-.202436-.504-1.414901-.8421539-2.627367-.9110769v-.7064616h8.151299v.7064616c-1.212465.068923-2.424931.4070769-2.627367.9110769v13.104c.202436.5061538 1.414902.8421538 2.627367.9089231z"/><path d="m377.076703 12.1067692c-.370416 0-1.111247 0-1.649642.0344616v7.7150769h1.852078c2.526149 0 3.198066-1.7532308 3.198066-4.4132308 0-1.7855384-1.07679-3.3363077-3.400502-3.3363077zm11.351518 15.5636923-2.728586-.0344615c-2.526148-.0323077-2.65967.2024615-4.210248-1.7510769-1.819774-2.324-2.65967-3.8058462-3.503874-4.9516923h-2.558452v4.5467692c.335958.8421538 1.649642 1.2470769 2.793193 1.3138462v.740923h-8.418343v-.740923c1.178008-.0667693 2.392627-.336 2.728585-1.1781539v-12.768c-.236893-.6052308-1.51612-.9089231-2.694128-.9778461v-.7064616c2.795347 0 4.647425-.1012308 7.610751-.1012308 4.210248 0 6.163544 1.3827693 6.163544 4.2796924 0 1.6153846-1.246922 3.3686153-3.200219 4.312l3.570635 4.7147692c.844203 1.1113846 1.651795 1.6843077 1.920993 1.8544615.605156.4027693 1.987754.6052308 2.627367.7064616z"/><path d="m396.725963 11.9387692c-2.424931 0-4.780947 2.6944616-4.780947 6.7049231 0 4.7147692 2.254798 8.1178462 6.297067 8.1178462 2.560606 0 4.951079-2.5953847 4.951079-6.6704616 0-4.9516923-2.491692-8.1523077-6.467199-8.1523077zm.271351 16.0009231c-5.187973 0-8.185756-3.5710769-8.185756-8.5227692 0-5.0184616 4.143487-8.624 9.329306-8.624 5.256888 0 8.185756 3.6055384 8.185756 8.3547692 0 5.1886154-4.143487 8.792-9.329306 8.792z"/><path d="m427.110816 11.8698462c-1.178008.068923-2.224647.6073846-2.493845 1.148v9.868923c0 1.3806154.068915 3.739077.170133 4.8504616h-1.548424l-10.00553-12.2618462-1.111247-1.6498461.101218 1.5163077v5.8950769c0 1.4129231.135676 3.3686154.170133 4.4455384.23474.5061539 1.681945 1.0446154 2.862107 1.1113847v.740923h-7.106812v-.740923c1.178008-.0667693 2.323712-.6052308 2.526148-1.1113847v-9.2292307c0-1.2793846 0-2.5609231-.101218-3.5043077-.269197-.5384616-1.313683-1.0101539-2.459388-1.0790769v-.7064616h5.18582l1.449359 1.8544616 8.353735 10.2738461v-5.8950769c0-1.4150769-.101218-3.6055385-.135676-4.3787692-.236893-.5406154-1.716403-1.079077-2.896564-1.148v-.7064616h7.040051z"/><path d="m451.732691 27.5347692h-7.983319v-.740923c1.180162-.0667693 2.493845-.4027693 2.696282-.9089231l-.506092-9.4316923-.034457-2.6966154-.807592 2.0547692-5.151363 11.7578462h-1.012182l-4.479445-12.2273846-.674071-2.0224616-.066761 1.82-.708527 10.5430769c.167979.5061539 1.414901 1.0446154 2.560606 1.1113847v.740923h-6.704093v-.740923c1.180161-.0667693 2.293562-.6052308 2.595063-1.1113847l.706374-9.2292307c.068915-.9433846.202436-2.7633846.202436-2.8646154 0-.168 0-.5384616-.034457-.8421539-.269197-.4027692-1.143551-.8076923-2.289255-.8766153v-.7064616h5.760825l.839896 2.4596923 3.671854 10.1381539 4.212401-9.9033846 1.109094-2.6944616h5.155669v.7064616c-1.180162.068923-2.054515.4393846-2.291409.8443076v.6052308c0 .2692308.135676 2.2916923.16798 3.1338462l.538395 9.4316923c.303654.5061538 1.382598.8421538 2.526148.9089231z"/><path d="m468.341097 27.5347692h-8.655236l-5.827587.0689231v-.7086154c1.178008-.0667692 2.931022-.4027692 3.26698-1.2470769v-12.9015385c-.202436-.504-1.313683-.8076923-2.491691-.8766153v-.7064616h10.64299c.706374 0 1.178008-.0667692 1.513966-.168h.609463v4.312h-.676223c-.101219-2.2572308-1.010029-2.8624615-2.963326-2.8624615h-3.738614v6.0975384h3.503874c1.75086 0 2.457234-.0344615 2.694128-1.9212307h.639613v5.3221538h-.67407c-.202437-2.0547692-.773135-2.0870769-2.659671-2.0870769h-3.503874v5.5569231c.066761.336.202436.7086154.671917.8766154l4.076726-.0667693c1.718556-.0344615 2.864261-.7753846 2.931022-2.9658461h.639613z"/><path d="m490.202083 11.8698462c-1.178008.068923-2.224648.6073846-2.493845 1.148v9.868923c0 1.3806154.068914 3.739077.167979 4.8504616h-1.54627l-10.005531-12.2618462-1.111247-1.6498461.101218 1.5163077v5.8950769c0 1.4129231.135676 3.3686154.170133 4.4455384.23474.5061539 1.681946 1.0446154 2.862107 1.1113847v.740923h-7.106812v-.740923c1.178008-.0667693 2.323712-.6052308 2.526149-1.1113847v-9.2292307c0-1.2793846 0-2.5609231-.101219-3.5043077-.269197-.5384616-1.315837-1.0101539-2.459387-1.0790769v-.7064616h5.185819l1.449359 1.8544616 8.353735 10.2738461v-5.8950769c0-1.4150769-.101218-3.6055385-.133522-4.3787692-.239047-.5406154-1.718556-1.079077-2.898718-1.148v-.7064616h7.040052z"/><path d="m508.761631 15.8458462h-.67407c-.066761-2.1883077-1.246923-3.3341539-3.099001-3.3686154l-2.763043-.0323077v12.9338461c.572852 1.2126154 1.987754 1.3483077 3.167916 1.415077v.740923h-9.297003v-.740923c1.180161-.0667693 2.864261-.3015385 3.234676-1.0446154v-13.3043077l-2.763042.0323077c-1.852079.0344615-3.03224 1.1803077-3.064544 3.3686154h-.706374v-4.8827693h.63746c.338112.0990769.67407.2003077 1.518273.2003077h11.653019c.605156 0 1.180162-.1012308 1.51612-.2003077h.639613z"/></g></svg> <span class="show-for-sr">Visit the Yale School of the Environment homepage</span> </a> <div class="site-footer__location"> <p>195 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06511</p> </div> <div class="site-footer__phone"> <p>(203) 432-5100</p> </div> <div class="site-footer__email"> <p><a href="mailto:admissions.yse@yale.edu">admissions.yse@yale.edu</a></p> </div> <div class="site-footer__social-media"> <h2 class="show-for-sr">Social Media Links</h2> <ul class="social-media"> <li> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/school/5527901/" target="_blank" aria-label="Opens LinkedIn in a new window"> <span class="show-for-sr">LinkedIn</span> <i class="fab fa-linkedin-in"></i> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://instagram.com/EnvironmentYale" target="_blank" aria-label="Opens Instagram in a new window"> <span class="show-for-sr">Instagram</span> <i class="fab fa-instagram"></i> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/YaleEnvironment" target="_blank" aria-label="Opens Facebook in a new window"> <span class="show-for-sr">Facebook</span> <i class="fab fa-facebook-square"></i> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCMLSDzZ9VCUUFUOT3lD815A" target="_blank" aria-label="Opens YouTube in a new window"> <span class="show-for-sr">YouTube</span> <i class="fab fa-youtube"></i> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="cell medium-3"> <nav class="site-footer__main"> <ul> <li><a href="/academics">Academic Programs</a></li> <li><a href="/admissions">Admissions</a></li> <li><a href="/learning-communities">Learning Communities</a></li> <li><a href="/research">Research & Impact</a></li> <li><a href="/student-experience">Student Experience</a></li> <li><a href="/about">About</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="cell medium-3"> <nav id="footer-col-third" class="footer-col-third site-footer__utility"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-footerutil-menu" id="block-footerutil"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-footerutil-menu">Footer Util</h2> <ul class="menu"> <li class="menu-item oho-animate fade-in-right"> <a href="/about/contact/communications" class="arrow-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2286">Media Inquiries</a> </li> <li class="menu-item oho-animate fade-in-right"> <a href="https://careers.environment.yale.edu/channels/employer/" class="arrow-link">For Employers</a> </li> <li class="menu-item oho-animate fade-in-right"> <a href="/about#job-opportunities" class="arrow-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/51">Job Opportunities</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="site-footer__secondary grid-x grid-margin-x"> <div class="cell initial-12"><hr></div> <div class="cell medium-6"> <a href="https://subscribe.yale.edu/browse?search=yse+3" class="btn">Sign Up for Our Newsletter</a> </div> <div class="cell medium-6"> <p class="site-footer__copyright">Copyright 漏 2024, <a href="https://yale.edu">Yale University</a>. All rights reserved.</p> <div class="site-footer__bottom-links"> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.yale.edu/privacy-policy">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li><a href="https://usability.yale.edu/web-accessibility/accessibility-yale">Accessibility at Yale</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> </div> <script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"node\/1332","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"ajaxPageState":{"libraries":"eJx9k2Fu5CAMhS806qy6B7IccDJuCUY2TCY9_ZqMuqPVkv6JBP78YngPNKMKnD8oVNFrMHsLNwqfpJOgRrANCygvtwpVINFcL_h_S2Q9Fjsktsp5Aa602gilNMkGKrLCLAoz5tC78idwkDxsmflxsEGaGhn4eoi1lCo9KihZS3UoJXdS5UiAVnwXFCsL3H1HzmT_ttSbEkErXs6kfh1FfuR3IygqMycazlJITbJfxQZTyzERfLeO8acUzIS1KYHxF0XQdqLecmmTu3FziHPkgF4ZgXemzYAeRcxRbFWsTSsPfd52421fnn5Z3U_-3U-OMboP3S7MEUSXlnnsSadfAZoxOJBwlzYc4aAltJXyuZynZZy-XvyO6I-33cGVIuN5cUGfob1k4P3X--8z_EUtSSZMZ1zBxbMVmqqf73hFp2S3N_T8jl9NZ6pIqlzsYru51HVCo8th-PX4vuEHPv7ZWCV6oi7efH0O-gdRGqej","theme":"yse","theme_token":null},"ajaxTrustedUrl":{"\/directory\/faculty\/sinead-crotty":true},"views":{"ajax_path":"\/views\/ajax","ajaxViews":{"views_dom_id:ee692564016146e28c1e1e388ecd098c300ba3372b52d6ed65c17afaff24776f":{"view_name":"yse_publications","view_display_id":"profilepubsblock","view_args":"1332","view_path":"\/node\/1332","view_base_path":null,"view_dom_id":"ee692564016146e28c1e1e388ecd098c300ba3372b52d6ed65c17afaff24776f","pager_element":0}}},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"13488d9af20cb5a39541f3bdc67ec3b4c52f3c1e79967f10000249f91c768d81"}}</script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_2pscR7XBJDEcnmsCjHx01M93Je0Aszb6MpqaYsmPCNA.js?scope=footer&delta=0&language=en&theme=yse&include=eJyrLE7VT8_JT0rM0SnLTC0v1geTeolZiRUAkp8Kew"></script> <script src="https://unpkg.com/@popperjs/core@2.11.8/dist/umd/popper.min.js"></script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_xtOnn7ggDRr4-XHEUF5nP9U4IXgRkp_REYKKrz_ekaQ.js?scope=footer&delta=2&language=en&theme=yse&include=eJyrLE7VT8_JT0rM0SnLTC0v1geTeolZiRUAkp8Kew"></script> <script src="//kit.fontawesome.com/3eea39cd96.js"></script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_SmGOharTDySbJeZNgmhcNoa2_Sxq1znI3sOstyg2t6A.js?scope=footer&delta=4&language=en&theme=yse&include=eJyrLE7VT8_JT0rM0SnLTC0v1geTeolZiRUAkp8Kew"></script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Sinead Crotty | Yale School of the Environment