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</li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Camp_facilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Camp_facilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Camp facilities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Camp_facilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Camp_conditions_and_testimonies_of_abuse_and_torture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Camp_conditions_and_testimonies_of_abuse_and_torture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Camp conditions and testimonies of abuse and torture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Camp_conditions_and_testimonies_of_abuse_and_torture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Camp conditions and testimonies of abuse and torture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Camp_conditions_and_testimonies_of_abuse_and_torture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Testimonies_of_treatment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Testimonies_of_treatment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Testimonies of treatment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Testimonies_of_treatment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reported_suicides" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reported_suicides"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Reported suicides </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reported_suicides-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Torture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Torture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Torture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Torture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sexual_abuse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sexual_abuse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Sexual abuse </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sexual_abuse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operating_procedures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operating_procedures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Operating procedures </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operating_procedures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Camp_detainees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Camp_detainees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Camp detainees </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Camp_detainees-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Camp detainees subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Camp_detainees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-High-value_prisoners" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#High-value_prisoners"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 High-value prisoners </div> </a> <ul id="toc-High-value_prisoners-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_military_inquiries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_military_inquiries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Government and military inquiries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government_and_military_inquiries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legal_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Legal issues </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legal_issues-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Legal issues subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Legal_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-President_Bush's_military_order" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#President_Bush's_military_order"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 President Bush's military order </div> </a> <ul id="toc-President_Bush's_military_order-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rasul_v._Bush_(2004)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rasul_v._Bush_(2004)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Rasul v. Bush (2004) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rasul_v._Bush_(2004)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hamdan_v._Rumsfeld_(2006)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hamdan_v._Rumsfeld_(2006)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Hamdan v. Rumsfeld (2006) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hamdan_v._Rumsfeld_(2006)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Boumediene_v._Bush_(2008)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boumediene_v._Bush_(2008)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Boumediene v. Bush (2008) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boumediene_v._Bush_(2008)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_court_rulings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_court_rulings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.5 Other court rulings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_court_rulings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Access_to_counsel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Access_to_counsel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.6 Access to counsel </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Access_to_counsel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_law" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_law"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.7 International law </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_law-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lease_agreement_for_Guantanamo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lease_agreement_for_Guantanamo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.8 Lease agreement for Guantanamo </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lease_agreement_for_Guantanamo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Guantanamo_military_commission" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Guantanamo_military_commission"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Guantanamo military commission </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Guantanamo_military_commission-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Guantanamo military commission subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Guantanamo_military_commission-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-"Camp_Justice"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Camp_Justice""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 "Camp Justice" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Camp_Justice"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Release_of_prisoners" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Release_of_prisoners"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Release of prisoners </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Release_of_prisoners-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Release of prisoners subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Release_of_prisoners-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Administrative_Review_Board" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_Review_Board"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Administrative Review Board </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_Review_Board-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-President_Obama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#President_Obama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 President Obama </div> </a> <ul id="toc-President_Obama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-President_Biden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#President_Biden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 President Biden </div> </a> <ul id="toc-President_Biden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subsequent_actions_of_some_released_detainees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subsequent_actions_of_some_released_detainees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Subsequent actions of some released detainees </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subsequent_actions_of_some_released_detainees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism_and_condemnation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism_and_condemnation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Criticism and condemnation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism_and_condemnation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plans_for_closing_of_camp" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plans_for_closing_of_camp"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Plans for closing of camp </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Plans_for_closing_of_camp-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Plans for closing of camp subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Plans_for_closing_of_camp-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-President_Obama's_attempt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#President_Obama's_attempt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1 President Obama's attempt </div> </a> <ul id="toc-President_Obama's_attempt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-President_Trump's_statements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#President_Trump's_statements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.2 President Trump's statements </div> </a> <ul id="toc-President_Trump's_statements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-President_Biden's_review" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#President_Biden's_review"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.3 President Biden's review </div> </a> <ul id="toc-President_Biden's_review-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media_representations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media_representations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Media representations </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Media_representations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Media representations subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Media_representations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Film,_television,_and_videos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film,_television,_and_videos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.1 Film, television, and videos </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film,_television,_and_videos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.2 Games </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.3 Literature </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.4 Music </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.5 Radio </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theater" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theater"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.6 Theater </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theater-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artistic_responses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artistic_responses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Artistic responses </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artistic_responses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading/viewing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading/viewing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18 Further reading/viewing </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading/viewing-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Further reading/viewing subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading/viewing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Declassified_documents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Declassified_documents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18.1 Declassified documents </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Declassified_documents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 19 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Guantanamo Bay detention camp</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 56 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-56" aria-hidden="true" > 56 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84_%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88" title="معتقل غوانتانامو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="معتقل غوانتانامو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantanamo_h%C9%99bs_d%C3%BC%C5%9F%C9%99rg%C9%99si" title="Quantanamo həbs düşərgəsi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Quantanamo həbs düşərgəsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="গুয়ানতানামো কারাগার – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গুয়ানতানামো কারাগার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%9E_%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Турма ў Гуантанама – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Турма ў Гуантанама" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B9_(%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80)" title="Гуантанамо Бей (лагер) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Гуантанамо Бей (лагер)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_de_detenci%C3%B3_de_Guant%C3%A1namo" title="Centre de detenció de Guantánamo – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Centre de detenció de Guantánamo" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwersyll_Bae_Guant%C3%A1namo" title="Gwersyll Bae Guantánamo – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gwersyll Bae Guantánamo" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guantanamo-lejren" title="Guantanamo-lejren – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Guantanamo-lejren" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gefangenenlager_der_Guantanamo_Bay_Naval_Base" title="Gefangenenlager der Guantanamo Bay Naval Base – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gefangenenlager der Guantanamo Bay Naval Base" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guant%C3%A1namo_lahe_vangilaager" title="Guantánamo lahe vangilaager – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Guantánamo lahe vangilaager" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centro_de_detenci%C3%B3n_de_Guant%C3%A1namo" title="Centro de detención de Guantánamo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Centro de detención de Guantánamo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malliberejo_de_Guantanamo" title="Malliberejo de Guantanamo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Malliberejo de Guantanamo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88" title="بازداشتگاه گوانتانامو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بازداشتگاه گوانتانامو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guant%C3%A1namo" title="Guantánamo – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Guantánamo" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp_de_Guant%C3%A1namo" title="Camp de Guantánamo – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Camp de Guantánamo" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centro_de_detenci%C3%B3n_de_Guant%C3%A1namo" title="Centro de detención de Guantánamo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Centro de detención de Guantánamo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B4%80%ED%83%80%EB%82%98%EB%AA%A8%EB%A7%8C_%EC%88%98%EC%9A%A9%EC%86%8C" title="관타나모만 수용소 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="관타나모만 수용소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%B8%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BF" title="Գուանտանամոյի բանտ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գուանտանամոյի բանտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamp_Tahanan_Teluk_Guant%C3%A1namo" title="Kamp Tahanan Teluk Guantánamo – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kamp Tahanan Teluk Guantánamo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fangab%C3%BA%C3%B0irnar_vi%C3%B0_Guantanamo-fl%C3%B3a" title="Fangabúðirnar við Guantanamo-flóa – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fangabúðirnar við Guantanamo-flóa" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campo_di_prigionia_di_Guant%C3%A1namo" title="Campo di prigionia di Guantánamo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Campo di prigionia di Guantánamo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%A8_%D7%91%D7%92%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%9E%D7%95" title="מתקן המעצר בגואנטנמו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מתקן המעצר בגואנטנמו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE_%D1%82%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96" title="Гуантанамо түрмесі – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гуантанамо түрмесі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwantanamo" title="Gwantanamo – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Gwantanamo" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gvantanamo_l%C4%AB%C4%8Da_aiztur%C4%93%C5%A1anas_nometne" title="Gvantanamo līča aizturēšanas nometne – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Gvantanamo līča aizturēšanas nometne" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gvantanamo_kal%C4%97jimas" title="Gvantanamo kalėjimas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gvantanamo kalėjimas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8B_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%87_%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B1" title="ഗ്വാണ്ടനാമോ ബേ തടവറ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗ്വാണ്ടനാമോ ബേ തടവറ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88" title="گوانتانامو – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="گوانتانامو" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kem_tahanan_Teluk_Guantanamo" title="Kem tahanan Teluk Guantanamo – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kem tahanan Teluk Guantanamo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%8C_%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Гуантанамо дахь хорих анги – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Гуантанамо дахь хорих анги" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gevangenenkamp_Guantanamo_Bay" title="Gevangenenkamp Guantanamo Bay – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gevangenenkamp Guantanamo Bay" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%8A%E3%83%A2%E6%B9%BE%E5%8F%8E%E5%AE%B9%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%97" title="グアンタナモ湾収容キャンプ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="グアンタナモ湾収容キャンプ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interneringsleiren_i_Guant%C3%A1namo_Bay" title="Interneringsleiren i Guantánamo Bay – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Interneringsleiren i Guantánamo Bay" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fangeleiren_ved_Guant%C3%A1namobukta" title="Fangeleiren ved Guantánamobukta – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fangeleiren ved Guantánamobukta" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_de_detencion_de_Guant%C3%A1namo" title="Centre de detencion de Guantánamo – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Centre de detencion de Guantánamo" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guantanamo_qamoqxonasi" title="Guantanamo qamoqxonasi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Guantanamo qamoqxonasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%85%D9%88_%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%81" title="گوانتانمو قید خانہ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گوانتانمو قید خانہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%DA%AB%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88_%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="د ګوانتانامو زندان – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د ګوانتانامو زندان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi%C4%99zienie_Guantanamo" title="Więzienie Guantanamo – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Więzienie Guantanamo" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pris%C3%A3o_de_Guant%C3%A1namo" title="Prisão de Guantánamo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Prisão de Guantánamo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrul_de_deten%C8%9Bie_de_la_Guantanamo" title="Centrul de detenție de la Guantanamo – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Centrul de detenție de la Guantanamo" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8E%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Тюрьма в Гуантанамо – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тюрьма в Гуантанамо" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%9D_%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%B3%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%B3%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BB" title="ග්වන්ටානමෝ බේ රැඳවුම් කඳවුර – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ග්වන්ටානමෝ බේ රැඳවුම් කඳවුර" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp" title="Guantanamo Bay detention camp – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Guantanamo Bay detention camp" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerada_xabsiga_Guantanamo_Bay" title="Xerada xabsiga Guantanamo Bay – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Xerada xabsiga Guantanamo Bay" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%86" title="گوانتانامۆ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گوانتانامۆ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guantanamo_Bayn_vankileiri" title="Guantanamo Bayn vankileiri – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Guantanamo Bayn vankileiri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A5ngl%C3%A4gret_p%C3%A5_Guant%C3%A1namobasen" title="Fånglägret på Guantánamobasen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fånglägret på Guantánamobasen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8B_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="குவாண்டானமோ விரிகுடா தடுப்பு முகாம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குவாண்டானமோ விரிகுடா தடுப்பு முகாம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guantanamo_Kamp%C4%B1" title="Guantanamo Kampı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Guantanamo Kampı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%80_%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Табір Гуантанамо – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Табір Гуантанамо" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%85%D9%88_%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%81" title="گوانتانمو قید خانہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گوانتانمو قید خانہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A1i_giam_V%E1%BB%8Bnh_Guant%C3%A1namo" title="Trại giam Vịnh Guantánamo – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trại giam Vịnh Guantánamo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%B3%E5%A1%94%E9%82%A3%E6%91%A9%E6%B9%BE%E6%8B%98%E6%8A%BC%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="关塔那摩湾拘押中心 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="关塔那摩湾拘押中心" data-language-autonym="吴语" 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.latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp&params=19_54_03_N_75_05_59_W_">19°54′03″N 75°05′59″W / 19.90083°N 75.09972°W / 19.90083; -75.09972</a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">United States military prison in southeastern Cuba</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Guantanamo Bay detention camp</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:PessinGuantanamoCampFiveGate210.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/PessinGuantanamoCampFiveGate210.JPG" decoding="async" width="195" height="203" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="195" data-file-height="203" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Camp Five Gate at Guantanamo Bay</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:240px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:240px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:240px"><a href="/wiki/File:Cuba_(location_map).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Guantanamo Bay detention camp is located in Cuba"><img alt="Guantanamo Bay detention camp is located in Cuba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Cuba_%28location_map%29.svg/240px-Cuba_%28location_map%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Cuba_%28location_map%29.svg/360px-Cuba_%28location_map%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Cuba_%28location_map%29.svg/480px-Cuba_%28location_map%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="340" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:84.765%;left:88.599%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><img alt="Guantanamo Bay detention camp" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within Cuba</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Guantanamo_Bay_Naval_Base" title="Guantanamo Bay Naval Base">Guantanamo Bay Naval Base</a>, Cuba</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp&params=19_54_03_N_75_05_59_W_">19°54′03″N 75°05′59″W / 19.90083°N 75.09972°W / 19.90083; -75.09972</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data category">Operational</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population</th><td class="infobox-data">15 (as of January 2025)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Opened</th><td class="infobox-data">11 January 2002; 23 years ago (2002-01-11)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Managed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a></td></tr></tbody></table> The Guantanamo Bay detention camp,<a href="#cite_note-1">[note 1]</a> also known as GTMO (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈɡɪtmoʊ/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">GIT-moh</a>), GITMO (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈɡɪtmoʊ/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">GIT-moh</a>), or simply Guantanamo Bay, is a <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> <a href="/wiki/Military_prison" title="Military prison">military prison</a> within <a href="/wiki/Naval_Station_Guantanamo_Bay" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval Station Guantanamo Bay">Naval Station Guantanamo Bay</a> (NSGB), on the coast of <a href="/wiki/Guant%C3%A1namo_Bay" title="Guantánamo Bay">Guantánamo Bay</a>, Cuba. It was established in January 2002 by U.S. president <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_W._Bush" title="Presidency of George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> to hold terrorism suspects and "<a href="/wiki/Illegal_enemy_combatants" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal enemy combatants">illegal enemy combatants</a>" during the <a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">Global War on Terrorism</a> following the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">attacks of September 11, 2001</a>. As of January 2025, at least 780 people from 48 countries have been detained at the camp since its creation, of whom 756 had been released or transferred to other detention facilities, 9 <a href="/wiki/Death_in_custody" title="Death in custody">died in custody</a>, and 15 remain.<a href="#cite_note-:0-2">[1]</a> Shortly after the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a>, the U.S. declared its "<a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">war on terror</a>" effort and <a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Afghanistan" title="United States invasion of Afghanistan">led a multinational military operation</a> against <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)">Taliban-ruled Afghanistan</a> to dismantle <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">Al-Qaeda</a> and capture its leader, <a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a>. During the invasion, on 13 November 2001, President Bush <a href="/wiki/Detention,_Treatment,_and_Trial_of_Certain_Non-Citizens_in_the_War_Against_Terrorism" title="Detention, Treatment, and Trial of Certain Non-Citizens in the War Against Terrorism">issued a military order</a> allowing for the <a href="/wiki/Indefinite_detention_without_trial" class="mw-redirect" title="Indefinite detention without trial">indefinite detention</a> of foreign nationals without charge and preventing them from legally challenging their detention. The following month, the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Justice">U.S. Department of Justice</a> claimed that <a href="/wiki/Habeas_corpus" title="Habeas corpus">habeas corpus</a>—a <a href="/wiki/Legal_recourse" title="Legal recourse">legal recourse</a> against unlawful detention—did not apply to <a href="/wiki/Guantanamo_military_commission" title="Guantanamo military commission">Guantanamo</a> Bay because it was outside of U.S. territory. Subsequently, in January 2002, a temporary detention facility dubbed "<a href="/wiki/Camp_X-Ray" title="Camp X-Ray">Camp X-Ray</a>" was created to house suspected Al-Qaeda members and Taliban fighters primarily <a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Afghanistan" title="United States invasion of Afghanistan">captured in Afghanistan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-timeline01-3">[2]</a> By May 2003, the Guantanamo Bay detention camp had grown into a larger and more permanent facility that housed over 680 prisoners, the vast majority without formal charges.<a href="#cite_note-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-timeline01-3">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[4]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_W._Bush" title="Presidency of George W. Bush">Bush administration</a> maintained that it was not obliged to grant prisoners basic protections under the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Constitution">U.S. Constitution</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Conventions" title="Geneva Conventions">Geneva Conventions</a>, since the former did not extend to foreign soil and the latter did not apply to "<a href="/wiki/Unlawful_combatant" title="Unlawful combatant">unlawful enemy combatants</a>". Various humanitarian and legal advocacy groups claimed that these policies were unconstitutional and violated <a href="/wiki/International_human_rights_law" title="International human rights law">international human rights law</a>;<a href="#cite_note-6">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[6]</a> several <a href="/wiki/List_of_landmark_court_decisions_in_the_United_States" title="List of landmark court decisions in the United States">landmark</a> <a href="/wiki/U.S._Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Supreme Court">U.S. Supreme Court</a> decisions found that detainees had rights to <a href="/wiki/Due_process" title="Due process">due process</a> and habeas corpus but were still subject to <a href="/wiki/Guantanamo_military_commission" title="Guantanamo military commission">military tribunals</a>, which remain controversial for allegedly lacking <a href="/wiki/Impartiality" title="Impartiality">impartiality</a>, independence, and <a href="/wiki/Speedy_trial" title="Speedy trial">judicial efficiency</a>.<a href="#cite_note-8">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a> In addition to restrictions on their legal rights, detainees are widely reported to have been housed in <a href="/wiki/Mistreatment_of_inmates" class="mw-redirect" title="Mistreatment of inmates">unfit conditions</a> and routinely <a href="/wiki/Abuse" title="Abuse">abused</a> and <a href="/wiki/Torture" title="Torture">tortured</a>, often in the form of "<a href="/wiki/Enhanced_interrogation_techniques" title="Enhanced interrogation techniques">enhanced interrogation techniques</a>".<a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a> As early as October 2003, the <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a> warned of "deterioration in the psychological health of a large number of detainees".<a href="#cite_note-iachr_to-12">[11]</a> Subsequent reports by international human rights organizations such as <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> and <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>, as well as intergovernmental institutions such as the <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_American_States" title="Organization of American States">Organization of American States</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>, concluded that detainees have been systematically mistreated in violation of their <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">human rights</a>.<a href="#cite_note-iachr_to-12">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a> The detention camp at Guantanamo Bay has faced ongoing legal, political, and international scrutiny, along with widespread criticism regarding its operations and treatment of detainees. In early 2005, President George W. Bush acknowledged the facility's necessity but also expressed a desire for its eventual closure.<a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a> His administration began winding down the detainee population in large numbers, ultimately releasing or transferring around 540.<a href="#cite_note-timeline01-3">[2]</a> In 2009, Bush's successor, President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>, issued executive orders to close the facility within one year and identify lawful alternatives for its detainees; however, strong bipartisan opposition from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">U.S. Congress</a>, on the grounds of <a href="/wiki/National_security" title="National security">national security</a>, prevented its closure.<a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidency of Barack Obama">Obama Administration</a>, the number of inmates was reduced from about 250 to 41, but controversial policies such as the use of military courts were left in place.<a href="#cite_note-Rosenberg-16">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a> In January 2018, President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> signed an executive order to keep the detention camp open indefinitely,<a href="#cite_note-TrumpOrder-18">[17]</a> and only one prisoner was repatriated during his administration.<a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a> After taking office in 2021, President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> vowed to close the camp before his term ended,<a href="#cite_note-Kaufman-2021-20">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a> although his administration continued with multimillion-dollar expansions to military courtrooms and other Guantanamo Bay facilities.<a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a> Following the release of 25 detainees from Guantanamo by January 2025,<a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a> 15 detainees remain as of January 2025;<a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a> of these, 3 are awaiting transfer, 9 have been charged or convicted of <a href="/wiki/War_crime" title="War crime">war crimes</a>, and three are held in indefinite <a href="/wiki/Law_of_war" title="Law of war">law-of-war</a> detention without facing tribunal charges nor being recommended for release.<a href="#cite_note-:0-2">[1]</a> On 29 January 2025, President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> signed a presidential memorandum to begin expansion of the <a href="/wiki/Guantanamo_Migrant_Operations_Center" title="Guantanamo Migrant Operations Center">Guantanamo Migrant Operations Center</a> to house up to 30,000 migrants under detention, separate from the high security military prison at Guantanamo Bay. The migrant facility will be run by <a href="/wiki/U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement" title="U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement">U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement</a> (ICE).<a href="#cite_note-30">[29]</a> He also signed a memorandum for an unnumbered "additional detention space".<a href="#cite_note-31">[30]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Camp_x-ray_detainees.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Camp_x-ray_detainees.jpg/220px-Camp_x-ray_detainees.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Camp_x-ray_detainees.jpg/330px-Camp_x-ray_detainees.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Camp_x-ray_detainees.jpg/440px-Camp_x-ray_detainees.jpg 2x" data-file-width="684" data-file-height="685" /></a><figcaption>Detainees upon arrival at <a href="/wiki/Camp_X-Ray" title="Camp X-Ray">Camp X-Ray</a>, January 2002</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerial_image_of_Camp_xray,_January_2002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Aerial_image_of_Camp_xray%2C_January_2002.jpg/220px-Aerial_image_of_Camp_xray%2C_January_2002.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Aerial_image_of_Camp_xray%2C_January_2002.jpg/330px-Aerial_image_of_Camp_xray%2C_January_2002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Aerial_image_of_Camp_xray%2C_January_2002.jpg/440px-Aerial_image_of_Camp_xray%2C_January_2002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="328" /></a><figcaption>Camp X-Ray, 2002</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Camp_Delta,_Guantanamo_Bay,_Cuba.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Camp_Delta%2C_Guantanamo_Bay%2C_Cuba.jpg/220px-Camp_Delta%2C_Guantanamo_Bay%2C_Cuba.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Camp_Delta%2C_Guantanamo_Bay%2C_Cuba.jpg/330px-Camp_Delta%2C_Guantanamo_Bay%2C_Cuba.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Camp_Delta%2C_Guantanamo_Bay%2C_Cuba.jpg/440px-Camp_Delta%2C_Guantanamo_Bay%2C_Cuba.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2090" data-file-height="1090" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Camp_Delta_(Guantanamo_Bay)" title="Camp Delta (Guantanamo Bay)">Camp Delta</a></figcaption></figure> During the 1898 <a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a>, U.S. forces invaded and occupied Cuba amid its <a href="/wiki/Cuban_War_of_Independence" title="Cuban War of Independence">war of independence against Spain</a>. In 1901, an American-drafted <a href="/wiki/Platt_Amendment" title="Platt Amendment">amendment</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Cuba" title="Constitution of Cuba">Cuban constitution</a> nominally recognized Cuba's sovereignty while allowing the U.S. to intervene in local affairs and establish naval bases on land leased or purchased from the Cuban government. The <a href="/wiki/Cuban%E2%80%93American_Treaty_of_Relations_(1903)" title="Cuban–American Treaty of Relations (1903)">Cuban–American Treaty of Relations</a> of 1903 reaffirmed these provisions, and that same year, the <a href="/wiki/Guant%C3%A1namo_Bay_Naval_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Guantánamo Bay Naval Base">Guantánamo Bay Naval Base</a> was established pursuant to a lease agreement with no expiration date. The <a href="/wiki/Cuban%E2%80%93American_Treaty_of_Relations_(1934)" title="Cuban–American Treaty of Relations (1934)">1934 Cuban–American Treaty of Relations</a> superseded much of the 1903 treaty but reaffirmed the Guantánamo Bay lease, under which Cuba retains ultimate sovereignty but the U.S. exercises sole jurisdiction. Since <a href="/wiki/Cuban_Revolution" title="Cuban Revolution">coming to power in 1959</a>, Cuba's communist government considers the U.S. military presence at Guantánamo Bay illegal and has repeatedly called for its return.<a href="#cite_note-32">[31]</a> The Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, including the detention camp, is operated by the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Task_Force_Guantanamo" title="Joint Task Force Guantanamo">Joint Task Force Guantanamo</a> (JTF-GTMO) of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Southern_Command" title="United States Southern Command">Southern Command</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Department of Defense</a> (DoD).<a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a> The main detention compound is <a href="/wiki/Camp_Delta_(Guantanamo_Bay)" title="Camp Delta (Guantanamo Bay)">Camp Delta</a>, which replaced the temporary <a href="/wiki/Camp_X-Ray_(Guantanamo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Camp X-Ray (Guantanamo)">Camp X-Ray</a> in April 2002, with other compounds including <a href="/wiki/Camp_Echo_(Guantanamo_Bay)" title="Camp Echo (Guantanamo Bay)">Camp Echo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Camp_Iguana" title="Camp Iguana">Camp Iguana</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Guantanamo_psychiatric_ward" title="Guantanamo psychiatric ward">Guantanamo psychiatric ward</a>.<a href="#cite_note-34">[33]</a> The base occupies 45 square miles of land and water.<a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a> After political appointees at the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Legal_Counsel" title="Office of Legal Counsel">Office of Legal Counsel</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">Department of Justice</a> advised the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_W._Bush" title="Presidency of George W. Bush">George W. Bush administration</a> that "a federal district court could not properly exercise habeas jurisdiction over an alien detained at GBC (<a href="/wiki/Guantanamo_Bay,_Cuba" class="mw-redirect" title="Guantanamo Bay, Cuba">Guantanamo Bay, Cuba</a>)",<a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a> military guards took the first twenty detainees to Camp X-Ray on 11 January 2002. At the time, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld">Donald Rumsfeld</a> said the detention camp was established to detain extraordinarily dangerous people, to interrogate detainees in an optimal setting, and to prosecute detainees for <a href="/wiki/War_crime" title="War crime">war crimes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-RumsfeldBriefing-37">[36]</a> In practice, the site has long been used for alleged "<a href="/wiki/Enemy_combatants" class="mw-redirect" title="Enemy combatants">enemy combatants</a>". The DoD at first kept secret the identity of the individuals held in Guantanamo, but after losing attempts to defy a <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_Information_Act_(United_States)" title="Freedom of Information Act (United States)">Freedom of Information Act</a> request from the <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>, the U.S. military officially acknowledged holding 779 prisoners in the camp.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes2006-01-26-38">[37]</a> The Bush administration asserted that detainees were not entitled to any of the protections of the <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Conventions" title="Geneva Conventions">Geneva Conventions</a>, while also claiming it was treating "all detainees consistently with the principles of the Geneva Convention."<a href="#cite_note-RumsfeldBriefing-37">[36]</a> Ensuing <a href="/wiki/U.S._Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Supreme Court">U.S. Supreme Court</a> decisions since 2004 have determined otherwise and that U.S. courts do have jurisdiction: it ruled in <a href="/wiki/Hamdan_v._Rumsfeld" title="Hamdan v. Rumsfeld">Hamdan v. Rumsfeld</a> on 29 June 2006, that detainees were entitled to the minimal protections listed under <a href="/wiki/Common_Article_3_of_the_Geneva_Conventions" class="mw-redirect" title="Common Article 3 of the Geneva Conventions">Common Article 3 of the Geneva Conventions</a>.<a href="#cite_note-39">[38]</a> Following this, on 7 July 2006, the Department of Defense issued an internal memo stating that detainees would, in the future, be entitled to protection under Common Article 3.<a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> Current and former detainees have reported abuse and torture, which the Bush administration denied. In a 2005 <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> report, the facility was called the "<a href="/wiki/Gulag" title="Gulag">Gulag</a> of our times."<a href="#cite_note-gulag-42">[41]</a> In 2006, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> unsuccessfully demanded that Guantanamo Bay detention camp be closed.<a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a> On 13 January 2009, <a href="/wiki/Susan_J._Crawford" title="Susan J. Crawford">Susan J. Crawford</a>, appointed by Bush to review DoD practices used at Guantanamo Bay and oversee the military trials, became the first Bush administration official to concede that torture occurred at Guantanamo Bay on one detainee (<a href="/wiki/Mohammed_al-Qahtani" title="Mohammed al-Qahtani">Mohammed al-Qahtani</a>), saying "We tortured Qahtani."<a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a> On 22 January 2009, President Obama issued a request to suspend proceedings at <a href="/wiki/Guantanamo_military_commission" title="Guantanamo military commission">Guantanamo military commission</a> for 120 days and to shut down the detention facility that year.<a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a> On 29 January 2009, a military judge at Guantanamo rejected the White House request in the case of <a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahim_al-Nashiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri">Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri</a>, creating an unexpected challenge for the administration as it reviewed how the United States brings Guantanamo detainees to trial.<a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a> On 20 May 2009, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> passed an amendment to the <a href="/wiki/Supplemental_Appropriations_Act,_2009" title="Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2009">Supplemental Appropriations Act of 2009</a> (H.R. 2346) by a 90–6 vote to block funds needed for the transfer or release of prisoners held at the Guantanamo Bay detention camp.<a href="#cite_note-Taylor-48">[47]</a> President Obama issued a <a href="/wiki/Presidential_memorandum" title="Presidential memorandum">presidential memorandum</a> dated 15 December 2009, ordering <a href="/wiki/Thomson_Correctional_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomson Correctional Center">Thomson Correctional Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomson,_Illinois" title="Thomson, Illinois">Thomson, Illinois</a> to be prepared to accept transferred Guantanamo prisoners.<a href="#cite_note-GitmoClose-49">[48]</a> The Final Report of the <a href="/wiki/Guantanamo_Review_Task_Force" title="Guantanamo Review Task Force">Guantanamo Review Task Force</a>, dated 22 January 2010, published the results for the 240 detainees subject to the review: 36 were the subject of active cases or investigations; 30 detainees from <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a> were designated for "conditional detention" due to the poor security environment in Yemen; 126 detainees were approved for transfer; 48 detainees were determined "too dangerous to transfer but not feasible for prosecution".<a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a> On 6 January 2011, President Obama signed the 2011 <a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Authorization_Act" title="National Defense Authorization Act">Defense Authorization Bill</a>, which, in part, placed restrictions on the transfer of Guantanamo prisoners to the mainland or to foreign countries, thus impeding the closure of the facility.<a href="#cite_note-Obamasigns2011-51">[50]</a> In February 2011, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">U.S. Secretary of Defense</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Gates" title="Robert Gates">Robert Gates</a> said that Guantanamo Bay was unlikely to be closed, due to opposition in the Congress.<a href="#cite_note-closing-52">[51]</a> Congress particularly opposed moving prisoners to facilities in the United States for detention or trial.<a href="#cite_note-closing-52">[51]</a> In April 2011, <a href="/wiki/WikiLeaks" title="WikiLeaks">WikiLeaks</a> began publishing <a href="/wiki/Guantanamo_Bay_files_leak" title="Guantanamo Bay files leak">779 secret files</a> relating to prisoners in the Guantanamo Bay detention camp.<a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a> On 4 November 2015, President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> stated that he was preparing to unveil a plan to close the facility and move some of the terrorism suspects held there to U.S. soil. The plan would propose one or more prisons from a working list that includes facilities in <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a>. Two others that were on the list, in <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> and <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington State</a>, do not appear to have made the preliminary cut, according to a senior administration official familiar with the proposal.<a href="#cite_note-Lisa_Mascaro-2015-54">[53]</a> By the end of the Obama Administration on 19 January 2017, however, the detention center remained open, with 41 detainees remaining.<a href="#cite_note-Rosenberg-16">[15]</a> In June 2022, The New York Times publicly released photographs of the first camp detainees following a <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_Information_Act_(United_States)" title="Freedom of Information Act (United States)">Freedom of Information Act</a> (FOIA) request.<a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-Bush_statements">Post-Bush statements</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Post-Bush statements">edit</a>]</div> In 2010, Colonel <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Wilkerson" title="Lawrence Wilkerson">Lawrence Wilkerson</a>, a former aide to Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Colin_Powell" title="Colin Powell">Colin Powell</a>, stated in an affidavit that top U.S. officials, including President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a>, Vice President <a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Dick Cheney</a>, and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a> Donald Rumsfeld, had known that the majority of the detainees initially sent to Guantánamo were innocent, but that the detainees had been kept there for reasons of political expedience.<a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a> Wilkerson's statement was submitted in connection with a lawsuit filed in federal district court by former detainee <a href="/wiki/Adel_Hassan_Hamad" title="Adel Hassan Hamad">Adel Hassan Hamad</a> against the United States government and several individual officials.<a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a> This supported numerous claims made by former detainees such as <a href="/wiki/Moazzam_Begg" title="Moazzam Begg">Moazzam Begg</a>, a British citizen who had been held for three years in detention camps in Afghanistan and Guantanamo as an enemy combatant, under the claim that he was an al-Qaeda member who recruited for, and provided money for, al-Qaeda training camps and himself trained there to fight US or allied troops.<a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Camp_facilities">Camp facilities</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Camp facilities">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Camp_delta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Camp_delta.jpg/220px-Camp_delta.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Camp_delta.jpg/330px-Camp_delta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Camp_delta.jpg/440px-Camp_delta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="595" /></a><figcaption>A Camp Delta recreation and exercise area in <a href="/wiki/Guant%C3%A1namo_Bay" title="Guantánamo Bay">Guantánamo Bay</a>, Cuba. The detention block is shown with sunshades drawn on 3 December 2002.</figcaption></figure> Camp Delta was a 612-unit detention center finished in April 2002. It included detention camps 1 through 4, as well as Camp Echo, where detainees not facing military commissions are held.<a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a> Camp X-Ray was a temporary detention facility, which was closed in April 2002. Its prisoners were transferred to Camp Delta. In 2008, the Associated Press reported <a href="/wiki/Camp_seven_(Guantanamo)" title="Camp seven (Guantanamo)">Camp 7</a>, a separate facility on the naval base that was considered the highest security jail on the base.<a href="#cite_note-61">[60]</a> That facility held detainees previously imprisoned in a <a href="/wiki/CIA_black_sites" title="CIA black sites">global, clandestine network of CIA prisons</a>.<a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a> An attorney first visited a detainee at Camp 7 in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-63">[62]</a> The precise location of Camp 7 has never been confirmed. In early April 2021, Camp 7 was shut down due to deteriorating conditions of the facilities.<a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a> The remaining prisoners at Camp 7 were transferred to Camp 5.<a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a> Camp 5, as well as Camp 6, were built in 2003–04. They are modeled after a high-security facility in Indiana.<a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a> In September 2016, Camp 5 was closed and a portion of it dedicated to use as a medical facility for detainees.<a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a> A portion of Camp 5 was again re-dedicated in early April 2021, when Camp 7 so-called "high value" former CIA detainees were moved there.<a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a> In Camp 6, the U.S. government detains those who are not convicted in military commissions.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In January 2010, <a href="/wiki/Scott_Horton_(attorney)" title="Scott Horton (attorney)">Scott Horton</a> published an article in <a href="/wiki/Harper%27s_Magazine" title="Harper's Magazine">Harper's Magazine</a> describing "<a href="/wiki/Camp_No" title="Camp No">Camp No</a>", a <a href="/wiki/Black_site" title="Black site">black site</a> about 1 mile (1.6 km) outside the main camp perimeter, which included an interrogation center. His description was based on accounts by four guards who had served at Guantanamo. They said prisoners were taken one at a time to the camp, where they were believed to be interrogated. He believes that the three detainees that DoD announced as having committed <a href="/wiki/Suicide" title="Suicide">suicide</a> were questioned under <a href="/wiki/Torture" title="Torture">torture</a> the night of their deaths.<a href="#cite_note-:3-70">[69]</a> From 2003 to 2006, the CIA operated a small site, known informally as "Penny Lane," to house prisoners whom the agency attempted to recruit as spies against <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">Al-Qaeda</a>. The housing at Penny Lane was less sparse by the standards of Guantanamo Bay, with private kitchens, showers, televisions, and beds with mattresses. The camp was divided into eight units. Its existence was revealed to the Associated Press in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-71">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Camp_conditions_and_testimonies_of_abuse_and_torture">Camp conditions and testimonies of abuse and torture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Camp conditions and testimonies of abuse and torture">edit</a>]</div> A 2013 <a href="/wiki/Institute_on_Medicine_as_a_Profession" title="Institute on Medicine as a Profession">Institute on Medicine as a Profession</a> (IMAP) report concluded that health professionals working with the military and intelligence services "designed and participated in cruel, inhumane and degrading treatment and torture of detainees." Medical professionals were ordered to ignore <a href="/wiki/Ethics" title="Ethics">ethical standards</a> during involvement in abusive interrogation, including monitoring of <a href="/wiki/Vital_signs" title="Vital signs">vital signs</a> under stress-inducing procedures. They used medical information for interrogation purposes and participated in <a href="/wiki/Force-feeding" title="Force-feeding">force-feeding</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hunger_strike" title="Hunger strike">hunger strikers</a>, in violation of <a href="/wiki/World_Medical_Association" title="World Medical Association">World Medical Association</a> and <a href="/wiki/American_Medical_Association" title="American Medical Association">American Medical Association</a> prohibitions.<a href="#cite_note-72">[71]</a> Supporters of controversial techniques have declared that certain protections of the <a href="/wiki/Third_Geneva_Convention" title="Third Geneva Convention">Third Geneva Convention</a> do not apply to Al-Qaeda or <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a> fighters, claiming that the Convention applies to only <a href="/wiki/Military_personnel" title="Military personnel">military personnel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guerrillas" class="mw-redirect" title="Guerrillas">guerrillas</a> who are part of a <a href="/wiki/Chain_of_command" class="mw-redirect" title="Chain of command">chain of command</a>, wear distinctive insignia, bear arms openly, and abide by the rules of war. Jim Phillips of <a href="/wiki/The_Heritage_Foundation" title="The Heritage Foundation">The Heritage Foundation</a> said that "some of these terrorists who are not recognized as soldiers don't deserve to be treated as soldiers."<a href="#cite_note-73">[72]</a> Critics of U.S. policy, such as <a href="/wiki/George_Monbiot" title="George Monbiot">George Monbiot</a>, claimed the government had violated the Conventions in attempting to create a distinction between "<a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war">prisoners of war</a>" and "illegal combatants."<a href="#cite_note-74">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-Guantanamo1-75">[74]</a> <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> called the situation "a human rights scandal" in a series of reports.<a href="#cite_note-76">[75]</a> One of the allegations of abuse at the camp is the abuse of the religion of the detainees.<a href="#cite_note-77">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[81]</a> Prisoners released from the camp have alleged incidents of abuse of religion including <a href="/wiki/Quran%27s_desecration_controversy_of_2005" class="mw-redirect" title="Quran's desecration controversy of 2005">flushing the Quran down the toilet</a>, defacing the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a>, writing comments and remarks on the Quran, tearing pages out of the Quran, and denying detainees a copy of the Quran. One of the justifications offered for the continued detention of <a href="/wiki/Mesut_Sen" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesut Sen">Mesut Sen</a>, during his <a href="/wiki/Administrative_Review_Board" title="Administrative Review Board">Administrative Review Board</a> hearing, was:<a href="#cite_note-83">[82]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">Emerging as a leader, the detainee has been leading the detainees around him in prayer. The detainees listen to him speak and follow his actions during prayer.</blockquote> <a href="/wiki/International_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Movement" title="International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement">Red Cross</a> inspectors and released detainees have alleged acts of torture,<a href="#cite_note-84">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[84]</a> including <a href="/wiki/Sleep_deprivation" title="Sleep deprivation">sleep deprivation</a>, beatings and locking in confined and cold cells. The use of Guantánamo Bay as a military prison has been the subject of significant criticism, particularly from human rights organizations, which cite reports of torture<a href="#cite_note-86">[85]</a> and poor treatment of detainees. Supporters of the facility argue that enemy combatants can be lawfully detained until hostilities cease and that providing trial review for such detentions has not been a historical practice for prisoners of war. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Testimonies_of_treatment">Testimonies of treatment</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Testimonies of treatment">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Ruhal_Ahmed_Intv_excerpt-SD.webm/220px--Ruhal_Ahmed_Intv_excerpt-SD.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="172" data-mwtitle="Ruhal_Ahmed_Intv_excerpt-SD.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Ruhal_Ahmed_Intv_excerpt-SD.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9b/Ruhal_Ahmed_Intv_excerpt-SD.webm/Ruhal_Ahmed_Intv_excerpt-SD.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9b/Ruhal_Ahmed_Intv_excerpt-SD.webm/Ruhal_Ahmed_Intv_excerpt-SD.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Ruhal_Ahmed_Intv_excerpt-SD.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9b/Ruhal_Ahmed_Intv_excerpt-SD.webm/Ruhal_Ahmed_Intv_excerpt-SD.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9b/Ruhal_Ahmed_Intv_excerpt-SD.webm/Ruhal_Ahmed_Intv_excerpt-SD.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ARuhal_Ahmed_Intv_excerpt-SD.webm&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video><figcaption>Interview with <a href="/wiki/Ruhal_Ahmed" title="Ruhal Ahmed">Ruhal Ahmed</a> by <a href="/wiki/Laura_Poitras" title="Laura Poitras">Laura Poitras</a> in 2010</figcaption></figure> Three British Muslim prisoners, known in the media at the time as the "<a href="/wiki/Tipton_Three" title="Tipton Three">Tipton Three</a>", were <a href="/wiki/Repatriation" title="Repatriation">repatriated</a> to the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> in March 2004, where officials immediately released them without charge. The three alleged ongoing torture, <a href="/wiki/Sexual_abuse" title="Sexual abuse">sexual degradation</a>, forced drugging, and <a href="/wiki/Religious_persecution" title="Religious persecution">religious persecution</a> being committed by U.S. forces at Guantánamo Bay.<a href="#cite_note-87">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[87]</a> The former Guantanamo detainee <a href="/wiki/Mehdi_Ghezali" title="Mehdi Ghezali">Mehdi Ghezali</a> was freed without charge on 9 July 2004, after two and a half years <a href="/wiki/Internment" title="Internment">internment</a>. Ghezali claimed that he was the victim of repeated torture. <a href="/wiki/Omar_Deghayes" title="Omar Deghayes">Omar Deghayes</a> alleged he was blinded after his right eye was gouged by an officer.<a href="#cite_note-89">[88]</a> <a href="/wiki/Juma_Al_Dossary" class="mw-redirect" title="Juma Al Dossary">Juma Al Dossary</a> claimed he was interrogated hundreds of times, beaten, tortured with broken glass, <a href="/wiki/Barbed_wire" title="Barbed wire">barbed wire</a>, burning cigarettes, and suffered <a href="/wiki/Sexual_assault" title="Sexual assault">sexual assaults</a>.<a href="#cite_note-90">[89]</a> <a href="/wiki/David_Hicks" title="David Hicks">David Hicks</a> also made allegations of torture<a href="#cite_note-BBC_News-2004-91">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[91]</a> and mistreatment in Guantanamo Bay, including <a href="/wiki/Sensory_deprivation" title="Sensory deprivation">sensory deprivation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stress_positions" class="mw-redirect" title="Stress positions">stress positions</a>,<a href="#cite_note-93">[92]</a> having his head slammed into concrete, repeated anal penetration, routine <a href="/wiki/Sleep_deprivation" title="Sleep deprivation">sleep deprivation</a><a href="#cite_note-BBC_News-2004-91">[90]</a> and forced drug injections.<a href="#cite_note-94">[93]</a> An Associated Press report claimed that some detainees were turned over to the U.S. by <a href="/wiki/Afghan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghan people">Afghan</a> tribesmen in return for cash <a href="/wiki/Bounty_(reward)" title="Bounty (reward)">bounties</a>.<a href="#cite_note-95">[94]</a> The <a href="/wiki/A_Profile_of_517_Detainees_through_Analysis_of_Department_of_Defense_Data" class="mw-redirect" title="A Profile of 517 Detainees through Analysis of Department of Defense Data">first Denbeaux study</a>, published by <a href="/wiki/Seton_Hall_University_Law_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Seton Hall University Law School">Seton Hall University Law School</a>, reproduced copies of several leaflets, flyers, and posters the U.S. government distributed to advertise the bounty program; some of which offered bounties of "millions of dollars."<a href="#cite_note-96">[95]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hunger_strike" title="Hunger strike">Hunger-striking</a> detainees claimed that guards were force feeding them in the fall of 2005: "Detainees said large feeding tubes were forcibly shoved up their noses and down into their stomachs, with guards using the same tubes from one patient to another. The detainees say no <a href="/wiki/Sedative" title="Sedative">sedatives</a> were provided during these procedures, which they allege took place in front of U.S. physicians, including the head of the prison hospital.<a href="#cite_note-97">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[97]</a> "A hunger striking detainee at Guantánamo Bay wants a judge to order the removal of his feeding tube so he can be allowed to die", one of his lawyers has said.<a href="#cite_note-99">[98]</a> Within a few weeks, the Department of Defense "extended an invitation to <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_special_rapporteur" title="United Nations special rapporteur">United Nations Special Rapporteurs</a> to visit detention facilities at Guantanamo Bay Naval Station."<a href="#cite_note-100">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[100]</a> This was rejected by the U.N. because of DoD restrictions, stating that "[the] three human rights officials invited to Guantánamo Bay wouldn't be allowed to conduct private interviews" with prisoners.<a href="#cite_note-102">[101]</a> Simultaneously, media reports began related to the question of prisoner treatment.<a href="#cite_note-103">[102]</a> District Court Judge <a href="/wiki/Gladys_Kessler" title="Gladys Kessler">Gladys Kessler</a> also ordered the U.S. government to release medical records going back a week before such feedings took place.<a href="#cite_note-104">[103]</a> In early November 2005, the U.S. suddenly accelerated, for unknown reasons, the rate of prisoner release, but this was not sustained.<a href="#cite_note-105">[104]</a> Detainee <a href="/wiki/Mansur_Ahmad_Saad_al-Dayfi" title="Mansur Ahmad Saad al-Dayfi">Mansur Ahmad Saad al-Dayfi</a> has alleged that during his time as a <a href="/wiki/Judge_advocate_general" title="Judge advocate general">JAG officer</a> in Guantanamo, <a href="/wiki/Ron_DeSantis" title="Ron DeSantis">Ron DeSantis</a> oversaw force-feedings of detainees.<a href="#cite_note-106">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[107]</a> In May 2013, detainees undertook a widespread hunger strike; they were subsequently being force fed until the U.S. Government stopped releasing hunger strike information, due to it having "no operational purpose".<a href="#cite_note-109">[108]</a> During the month of <a href="/wiki/Ramadan" title="Ramadan">Ramadan</a> that year, the US military claimed that the amount of detainees on hunger strike had dropped from 106 to 81. However, according to defense attorney <a href="/wiki/Clive_Stafford_Smith" title="Clive Stafford Smith">Clive Stafford Smith</a>, "The military are cheating on the numbers as usual. Some detainees are taking a token amount of food as part of the traditional breaking of the fast at the end of each day in Ramadan, so that is now conveniently allowing them to be counted as not striking."<a href="#cite_note-110">[109]</a> In 2014, the Obama administration undertook a "rebranding effort" by referring to the hunger strikes as "long term non-religious fasting."<a href="#cite_note-111">[110]</a> Attorney <a href="/wiki/Alka_Pradhan" title="Alka Pradhan">Alka Pradhan</a> petitioned a <a href="/wiki/Military_justice" title="Military justice">military judge</a> to order the release of art made in her client, <a href="/wiki/Ammar_al-Baluchi" title="Ammar al-Baluchi">Ammar al-Baluchi</a>'s cell. She complained that painting and drawing was made difficult, and he was not permitted to give artwork to his counsel.<a href="#cite_note-112">[111]</a> It has been reported that prisoners cooperating with interrogations have been rewarded with <a href="/wiki/Happy_Meal" title="Happy Meal">Happy Meals</a> from the <a href="/wiki/McDonald%27s" title="McDonald's">McDonald's</a> on base.<a href="#cite_note-113">[112]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reported_suicides">Reported suicides</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Reported suicides">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp_suicide_attempts" title="Guantanamo Bay detention camp suicide attempts">Guantanamo Bay detention camp suicide attempts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Guantanamo_Bay_homicide_accusations" title="Guantanamo Bay homicide accusations">Guantanamo Bay homicide accusations</a></div> By May 2011, there had been at least six reported suicides in Guantánamo.<a href="#cite_note-Gray-114">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[114]</a> During August 2003, there were 23 suicide attempts. The U.S. officials did not say why they had not previously reported the incident.<a href="#cite_note-116">[115]</a> After this event, the <a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">Pentagon</a> reclassified alleged suicide attempts as "manipulative self-injurious behaviors". Camp physicians alleged that detainees do not genuinely wish to end their lives, rather, the prisoners supposedly feel that they may be able to get better treatment or release with suicide attempts. <a href="/wiki/Daryl_Matthews" title="Daryl Matthews">Daryl Matthews</a>, a professor of <a href="/wiki/Forensic_psychiatry" title="Forensic psychiatry">forensic psychiatry</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Hawaii">University of Hawaii</a> who examined the prisoners, stated that given the cultural differences between interrogators and prisoners, "intent" was difficult if not impossible to ascertain. <a href="/wiki/Major_depressive_disorder" title="Major depressive disorder">Clinical depression</a> is common in Guantánamo, with 1/5 of all prisoners being prescribed <a href="/wiki/Antidepressants" class="mw-redirect" title="Antidepressants">antidepressants</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Prozac" class="mw-redirect" title="Prozac">Prozac</a>.<a href="#cite_note-117">[116]</a> Guantanamo Bay officials have reported 41 suicide attempts by 25 detainees since the U.S. began taking prisoners to the base in January 2002.<a href="#cite_note-UsaToday20060610-118">[117]</a> Defense lawyers contend the number of suicide attempts is higher.<a href="#cite_note-UsaToday20060610-118">[117]</a> On 10 June 2006 three detainees were found dead, who, according to the DoD, "killed themselves in an apparent suicide pact."<a href="#cite_note-119">[118]</a> Prison commander Rear Admiral <a href="/wiki/Harry_Harris_(admiral)" class="mw-redirect" title="Harry Harris (admiral)">Harry Harris</a> claimed this was not an act of desperation, despite prisoners' pleas to the contrary, but rather "an act of <a href="/wiki/Asymmetric_warfare" title="Asymmetric warfare">asymmetric warfare</a> committed against us."<a href="#cite_note-UsaToday20060610-118">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[119]</a> The three detainees were said to have hanged themselves with <a href="/wiki/Noose" title="Noose">nooses</a> made of sheets and clothes. According to military officials, the suicides were coordinated acts of protests. Human rights activists and defense attorneys said the deaths signaled the desperation of many of the detainees. <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Olshansky" title="Barbara Olshansky">Barbara Olshansky</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Constitutional_Rights" title="Center for Constitutional Rights">Center for Constitutional Rights</a>, which represented about 300 Guantánamo detainees, said that detainees "have this incredible level of despair that they will never get justice." At the time, human rights groups called for an independent public inquiry into the deaths.<a href="#cite_note-Reuters_Failed-121">[120]</a> Amnesty International said the apparent suicides "are the tragic results of years of arbitrary and indefinite detention" and called the prison "an indictment" of the <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="George W. Bush administration">George W. Bush administration</a>'s human rights record.<a href="#cite_note-UsaToday20060610-118">[117]</a> <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>'s state-sponsored Saudi Human Rights group blamed the U.S. for the deaths. "There are no independent monitors at the detention camp so it is easy to pin the crime on the prisoners... it's possible they were tortured," said Mufleh al-Qahtani, the group's deputy director, in a statement to the local Al-Riyadh newspaper.<a href="#cite_note-UsaToday20060610-118">[117]</a> Highly disturbed about the deaths of its citizens under U.S. custody, the Saudi government pressed the United States to release its citizens into its custody. From June 2006 through 2007, the U.S. released 93 detainees (of an original 133 Saudis detained) to the Saudi Arabian government. The Saudi government developed a re-integration program including religious education, helping to arrange marriages and jobs, to bring detainees back into society.<a href="#cite_note-122">[121]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Policy_and_Research" title="Center for Policy and Research">Center for Policy and Research</a> published Death in Camp Delta (2009), its analysis of the NCIS report, noting many inconsistencies in the government account and said the conclusion of suicide by hanging in their cells was not supported.<a href="#cite_note-123">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[123]</a> It suggested that camp administration officials had either been grossly negligent or were participating in a cover-up of the deaths.<a href="#cite_note-Seton-125">[124]</a> In January 2010 Scott Horton published an article in <a href="/wiki/Harper%27s_Magazine" title="Harper's Magazine">Harper's Magazine</a> disputing the government's findings and suggesting the three died of <a href="/wiki/Manslaughter" title="Manslaughter">accidental manslaughter</a> following torture. His account was based on the testimony of four members of the Military Intelligence unit assigned to guard Camp Delta, including a decorated non-commissioned Army officer who was on duty as sergeant of the guard the night of 9–10 June 2006. Their account contradicts the report published by the <a href="/wiki/Naval_Criminal_Investigative_Service" title="Naval Criminal Investigative Service">Naval Criminal Investigative Service</a> (NCIS). Horton said the deaths had occurred at a black site, known as "Camp No", outside the perimeter of the camp.<a href="#cite_note-:3-70">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[128]</a> According to its spokeswoman Laura Sweeney, the Department of Justice has disputed certain facts contained in the article about the soldiers' account.<a href="#cite_note-Reuters_Failed-121">[120]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Torture">Torture</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Torture">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Enhanced_interrogation_techniques" title="Enhanced interrogation techniques">Enhanced interrogation techniques</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_violations_at_Guant%C3%A1namo_Bay_detention_camp" title="Human rights violations at Guantánamo Bay detention camp">Human rights violations at Guantánamo Bay detention camp</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Periodic_Report_of_the_United_States_of_America_to_the_United_Nations_Committee_Against_Torture" title="Periodic Report of the United States of America to the United Nations Committee Against Torture">Periodic Report of the United States of America to the United Nations Committee Against Torture</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a> (ICRC) inspected some of the prison facilities in June 2004. In a confidential report issued in July 2004 and leaked to the New York Times in November 2004, Red Cross inspectors accused the U.S. military of using "humiliating acts, <a href="/wiki/Solitary_confinement" title="Solitary confinement">solitary confinement</a>, temperature extremes, and use of forced positions" against prisoners. The inspectors concluded that "the construction of such a system, whose stated purpose is the production of intelligence, cannot be considered other than an intentional system of cruel, unusual and degrading treatment and a form of torture." The United States government reportedly rejected the Red Cross findings at the time.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_2004-11-30-130">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-Reuters_storyID=6951969-131">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-ICRC_2004-132">[131]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guantanamo_force_feeding_restraint_chair_2013_-a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Guantanamo force feeding restraint chair 2013" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Guantanamo_force_feeding_restraint_chair_2013_-a.jpg/220px-Guantanamo_force_feeding_restraint_chair_2013_-a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Guantanamo_force_feeding_restraint_chair_2013_-a.jpg/330px-Guantanamo_force_feeding_restraint_chair_2013_-a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Guantanamo_force_feeding_restraint_chair_2013_-a.jpg/440px-Guantanamo_force_feeding_restraint_chair_2013_-a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1029" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>Force feeding restraint chair in Guantanamo (2013)</figcaption></figure> On 30 November 2004, the New York Times published excerpts from an <a href="/wiki/Memorandum" title="Memorandum">internal memo</a> leaked from the U.S. administration,<a href="#cite_note-NYT_2004-11-30-130">[129]</a> referring to a report from the ICRC. The ICRC reports of several activities that, it said, were "tantamount to torture": exposure to loud noise or music, prolonged extreme temperatures, or beatings. It also reported that a <a href="/wiki/Behavioral_Science_Consultation_Team" title="Behavioral Science Consultation Team">Behavioral Science Consultation Team</a> (BSCT), also called 'Biscuit,' and military physicians communicated confidential medical information to the interrogation teams (weaknesses, phobias, etc.), resulting in the prisoners losing confidence in their medical care. The ICRC's access to the base was conditioned, as is normal for ICRC humanitarian operations, on the confidentiality of their report. Following leaking of the U.S. memo, some in the ICRC wanted to make their report public or confront the U.S. administration. The newspaper said the administration and the <a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">Pentagon</a> had seen the ICRC report in July 2004 but rejected its findings.<a href="#cite_note-133">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-Reuters_storyID=6951969-131">[130]</a> The story was originally reported in several newspapers, including <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>,<a href="#cite_note-134">[133]</a> and the ICRC reacted to the article when the report was leaked in May.<a href="#cite_note-ICRC_2004-132">[131]</a> According to a 21 June 2005 New York Times opinion article,<a href="#cite_note-135">[134]</a> on 29 July 2004, an FBI agent was quoted as saying, "On a couple of occasions, I entered interview rooms to find a detainee chained hand and foot in a <a href="/wiki/Fetal_position" title="Fetal position">fetal position</a> to the floor, with no chair, food or water. Most times, they had <a href="/wiki/Urinate" class="mw-redirect" title="Urinate">urinated</a> or <a href="/wiki/Defecate" class="mw-redirect" title="Defecate">defecated</a> on themselves and had been left there for 18, 24 hours or more." <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">Air Force</a> Lt. Gen. <a href="/wiki/Randall_Schmidt" title="Randall Schmidt">Randall Schmidt</a>, who headed the probe into FBI accounts of abuse of Guantánamo prisoners by Defense Department personnel, concluded the man (Mohammed al-Qahtani, a Saudi, described as the "<a href="/wiki/20th_hijacker" title="20th hijacker">20th hijacker</a>") was subjected to "abusive and degrading treatment" by "the cumulative effect of creative, persistent and lengthy interrogations."<a href="#cite_note-Probe-136">[135]</a> The techniques used were authorized by the Pentagon, he said.<a href="#cite_note-Probe-136">[135]</a> Many of the released prisoners have complained of enduring beatings, sleep deprivation, prolonged constraint in uncomfortable positions, prolonged <a href="/wiki/Hooding" title="Hooding">hooding</a>, cultural and sexual humiliation, <a href="/wiki/Enema" title="Enema">enemas</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[136]</a> as well as other forced injections, and other physical and psychological mistreatment during their detention in Camp Delta. During the Mubarak era, it's been alleged that Egyptian <a href="/wiki/State_Security_Investigations_Service" title="State Security Investigations Service">State Security</a> officers and agents travelled to Cuba and tortured detainees. They also allegedly trained U.S. soldiers on torture techniques. In 2004, Army Specialist <a href="/wiki/Sean_Baker_(soldier)" title="Sean Baker (soldier)">Sean Baker</a>, a soldier posing as a prisoner during training exercises at the camp, was beaten so severely that he suffered a <a href="/wiki/Traumatic_brain_injury" title="Traumatic brain injury">brain injury</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seizure" title="Seizure">seizures</a>.<a href="#cite_note-138">[137]</a> In June 2004, The New York Times reported that of the nearly 600 detainees, not more than two dozen were closely linked to al-Qaeda and that only very limited information could have been received from questionings. In 2006, the only top terrorist was reportedly <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_al_Qahtani" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammed al Qahtani">Mohammed al Qahtani</a> from Saudi Arabia, who is believed to have planned to participate in the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a> in 2001.<a href="#cite_note-139">[138]</a> Mohammed al-Qahtani was refused entry at <a href="/wiki/Orlando_International_Airport" title="Orlando International Airport">Orlando International Airport</a>, which stopped him from his plan to take part in the 9/11 attacks. During his Guantánamo interrogations, he was given <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>3+1⁄2 bags of <a href="/wiki/Intravenous_therapy" title="Intravenous therapy">intravenous fluid</a>, and then forbidden to use the toilet, forcing him to soil himself. Accounts of the type of treatment he received include: having water poured over him, interrogations starting at midnight and lasting 12 hours, <a href="/wiki/Psychological_torture" title="Psychological torture">psychological torture</a> methods such as sleep deprivation via repeatedly being woken up by loud, raucous music whenever he would fall asleep, and <a href="/wiki/Dogs_in_warfare" title="Dogs in warfare">military dogs</a> being used to intimidate him. Soldiers would play the <a href="/wiki/The_Star-Spangled_Banner" title="The Star-Spangled Banner">American national anthem</a> and force him to salute, he had images of victims of the September 11 attacks affixed to his body, he was forced to bark like a dog, and his beard and hair were shaved, an insult to <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> men. He would be humiliated and upset by female personnel, was forced to wear a bra, and was stripped nude and had fake menstrual blood smeared on him, while being made to believe it was real. Some of the abuses were documented in 2005, when the Interrogation Log of al-Qathani "Detainee 063" was partially published.<a href="#cite_note-140">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-David_L._McColgin_2011,_pp._202-203-142">[141]</a> The <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">Washington Post</a>, in an 8 May 2004 article, described a set of interrogation techniques approved for use in interrogating alleged terrorists at Guantánamo Bay. <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Roth" title="Kenneth Roth">Kenneth Roth</a>, executive director of <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>, characterized them as cruel and inhumane treatment illegal under the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Constitution">U.S. Constitution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-143">[142]</a> On 15 June, <a href="/wiki/Brigadier_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Brigadier General">Brigadier General</a> <a href="/wiki/Janis_Karpinski" title="Janis Karpinski">Janis Karpinski</a>, commander at <a href="/wiki/Abu_Ghraib_prison" title="Abu Ghraib prison">Abu Ghraib prison</a> in Iraq during the <a href="/wiki/Abu_Ghraib_prisoner_abuse" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Ghraib prisoner abuse">prisoner abuse scandal</a>, said she was told from the top to treat detainees like dogs "as it is done in Guantánamo [Camp Delta]." The former commander of <a href="/wiki/Camp_X-Ray" title="Camp X-Ray">Camp X-Ray</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_D._Miller" title="Geoffrey D. Miller">Geoffrey Miller</a>, had led the inquiry into the alleged abuses at Abu Ghraib during the Allied occupation. Ex-detainees of the Guantanamo Camp have made serious allegations, including alleging Geoffrey Miller's complicity in abuse at Camp X-Ray. In "Whose God Rules?" David McColgin, a defense attorney for Guantanamo detainees, recounts how a female government interrogator told Muslim detainees she was menstruating, "slipped her hand into her pants and pulled it out with a red liquid smeared on it meant to look like menstrual blood. The detainee screamed at the top of his lungs, began shaking, sobbing, and yanked his arms against his handcuffs. The interrogator explained to [the detainee] that he would now feel too dirty to pray and that she would have the guards turn off the water in his cell so he would not be able to wash the red substance off. 'What do you think your brothers will think of you in the morning when they see an American woman's menstrual blood on your face?' she said as she left the cell." These acts, as well as interrogators desecrating the Quran, led the detainees to riots and mass suicide attempts.<a href="#cite_note-David_L._McColgin_2011,_pp._202-203-142">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[143]</a> The <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> published a leaked FBI email from December 2003, which said that the Defense Department interrogators at Guantánamo had impersonated FBI agents while using "torture techniques" on a detainee.<a href="#cite_note-145">[144]</a> In an interview with <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Wolf_Blitzer" title="Wolf Blitzer">Wolf Blitzer</a> in June 2005, Vice President <a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Dick Cheney</a> defended the treatment of prisoners at Guantánamo: <blockquote>There isn't any other nation in the world that would treat people who were determined to kill Americans the way we're treating these people. They're living in the tropics. They're well fed. They've got everything they could possibly want.<a href="#cite_note-146">[145]</a></blockquote> The United States government, through the State Department, makes Periodic Reports to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Committee_Against_Torture" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Committee Against Torture">United Nations Committee Against Torture</a> as part of its treaty obligations under the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Convention_against_Torture" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Convention against Torture">U.N. Convention Against Torture</a>. In October 2005, the U.S. report covered <a href="/wiki/Pre-trial_detention" title="Pre-trial detention">pretrial detention</a> of suspects in the "<a href="/wiki/War_on_Terrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="War on Terrorism">War on Terrorism</a>", including those held in Guantánamo Bay. This Periodic Report is significant as the first official response of the U.S. government to allegations that prisoners are mistreated in Guantánamo Bay. While the 2005 report denies allegations of "serious abuse," it does detail 10 "substantiated incidents of misconduct," and the training and punishments given to the perpetrators.<a href="#cite_note-147">[146]</a> Writing in the New York Times on 24 June 2012, former President <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> criticized the methods used to obtain confessions: "Some of the few being tried (only in military courts) have been tortured by <a href="/wiki/Waterboarding" title="Waterboarding">waterboarding</a> more than 100 times or intimidated with <a href="/wiki/Semi-automatic_firearm" title="Semi-automatic firearm">semiautomatic weapons</a>, power drills or threats to sexually assault their mothers. These facts cannot be used as a defense by the accused, because the government claims they occurred under the cover of 'national security'".<a href="#cite_note-Carter-2012-148">[147]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sexual_abuse">Sexual abuse</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Sexual abuse">edit</a>]</div> In 2005, it was reported that sexual methods were allegedly used by interrogators to break Muslim prisoners.<a href="#cite_note-149">[148]</a> In a 2015 article from The Guardian, it was claimed that the CIA used sexual abuse along with a wider array of other forms of torture. Detainee <a href="/wiki/Majid_Khan_(detainee)" title="Majid Khan (detainee)">Majid Khan</a> testified that interrogators "poured ice water on his genitals, twice videotaped him naked and repeatedly touched his private parts", according to the same article.<a href="#cite_note-150">[149]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operating_procedures">Operating procedures</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Operating procedures">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Defense.gov_News_Photo_030228-N-7676W-160.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Defense.gov_News_Photo_030228-N-7676W-160.jpg/220px-Defense.gov_News_Photo_030228-N-7676W-160.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Defense.gov_News_Photo_030228-N-7676W-160.jpg/330px-Defense.gov_News_Photo_030228-N-7676W-160.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Defense.gov_News_Photo_030228-N-7676W-160.jpg/440px-Defense.gov_News_Photo_030228-N-7676W-160.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="337" /></a><figcaption>Detainees are shown to their new living quarters (image taken and released by the U.S. military).</figcaption></figure> A manual called "<a href="/wiki/Camp_Delta_Standard_Operating_Procedure" class="mw-redirect" title="Camp Delta Standard Operating Procedure">Camp Delta Standard Operating Procedure</a>" (SOP), dated 28 February 2003, and designated "Unclassified//For Official Use Only", was published on <a href="/wiki/WikiLeaks" title="WikiLeaks">WikiLeaks</a>. This is the main document for the operation of Guantánamo Bay, including the securing and treatment of detainees. The 238-page document includes procedures for <a href="/wiki/Identity_card" class="mw-redirect" title="Identity card">identity cards</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islamic_funeral" title="Islamic funeral">'Muslim burial'</a>. It is signed by Major General Geoffrey D. Miller. The document is the subject of an ongoing legal action by the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_Liberties_Union" title="American Civil Liberties Union">American Civil Liberties Union</a> (ACLU), which has been trying to obtain it from the Department of Defense.<a href="#cite_note-151">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-152">[151]</a> On 2 July 2008, the New York Times revealed that the U.S. military trainers who came to Guantánamo Bay in December 2002 had based an interrogation class on a <a href="/wiki/Biderman%27s_Chart_of_Coercion" title="Biderman's Chart of Coercion">chart copied directly from a 1957 Air Force study</a> of <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of China">Chinese Communist</a> interrogation methodology (subsequently referred to as "<a href="/wiki/Brainwashing" title="Brainwashing">brainwashing</a>") that the United States alleged were used during the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a> to obtain confessions. The chart showed the effects of "coercive management techniques" for possible use on prisoners, including "sleep deprivation", "prolonged constraint" (also known as "<a href="/wiki/Stress_position" title="Stress position">stress positions</a>") and "exposure". The chart was copied from a 1957 article (entitled "Communist Attempts to Elicit False Confessions From Air Force Prisoners of War") written by <a href="/wiki/Albert_D._Biderman" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert D. Biderman">Albert D. Biderman</a>, a sociologist working for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">Air Force</a>. Biderman had interviewed American <a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war">prisoners of war</a> returning from Korea who had confessed to having taken part in <a href="/wiki/Biological_warfare" title="Biological warfare">biological warfare</a> or involvement in other atrocities. His article sets out that the most common interrogation method used by the Chinese was to indirectly subject a prisoner to extended periods of what would initially be minor discomfort. As an example, prisoners would be required to stand for extended periods, sometimes in a cold environment. Prolonged standing and exposure to cold are an accepted technique used by the American military and the CIA to interrogate prisoners whom the United States classifies as "<a href="/wiki/Unlawful_combatant" title="Unlawful combatant">unlawful combatants</a>" (spies and saboteurs in wartime; "terrorists" in unconventional conflicts) although it is classified as torture under the Geneva Conventions. The chart reflects an "extreme model" created by Biderman to help in "understanding what occurred apart from the extent to which it was realized in actuality". His chart sets out in summary bullet points the techniques allegedly used by the Chinese in Korea, the most extreme of which include "Semi-Starvation", "Exploitation of Wounds", and use of "Filthy, Infested Surroundings" to make the prisoner "Dependent on Interrogator", to weaken "Mental and Physical Ability to Resist", and to reduce the "Prisoner to 'Animal Level'".<a href="#cite_note-nyt_gitmo-153">[152]</a> <blockquote>It should be understood that only a few of the Air Force personnel who encountered efforts to elicit false confessions in Korea were subjected to really full dress, all-out attempts to make them behave in the manner I have sketched. The time between capture and repatriation for many was too short, and, presumably, the trained interrogators available to the Communists too few, to permit this. Of the few Air Force prisoners who did get the full treatment, none could be made to behave in complete accordance with the Chinese Communists' ideal of the "repentant criminal".<a href="#cite_note-154">[153]</a></blockquote> The article was motivated by the need for the United States to deal with prominent confessions of war crimes obtained by Chinese interrogators during the Korean War. The report led the American military to develop a training program to counter the use of such methods used by an enemy interrogator. Almost all U.S. military personnel now receive <a href="/wiki/Survival,_Evasion,_Resistance_and_Escape" title="Survival, Evasion, Resistance and Escape">Survival, Evasion, Resistance and Escape</a> (SERE) training to resist interrogation. Central to this training program are the interrogation methods presented by Biderman. In 2002, this training program was adopted as a source of interrogation techniques to be used in the newly declared "<a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on Terror</a>".<a href="#cite_note-nyt_gitmo-153">[152]</a> When it was adopted for use at the Guantánamo detention and interrogation facility the only change that was made to Biderman's Chart was to change the title (originally called "Communist Coercive Methods for Eliciting Individual Compliance"). The training document was made public at a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States Senate Committee on Armed Services">United States Senate Armed Services Committee</a> hearing (17 June 2008) investigating how such tactics came to be employed. Col. <a href="/wiki/Steven_Kleinman" title="Steven Kleinman">Steven Kleinman</a>, who was head of a team of SERE trainers, testified that his team had been put under pressure to demonstrate the techniques on Iraqi prisoners and that they had been sent home after Kleinman had observed that the techniques were intended to be used as a "form of punishment for those who wouldn't cooperate", and put a stop to it.<a href="#cite_note-155">[154]</a> Sen. <a href="/wiki/Carl_Levin" title="Carl Levin">Carl Levin</a> (chairman of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States Senate Committee on Armed Services">Senate Armed Services Committee</a>) was quoted after reviewing the evidence as saying: <blockquote>What makes this document doubly stunning is that these were techniques to get false confessions. People say we need intelligence, and we do. But we don't need false intelligence.<a href="#cite_note-156">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[156]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Camp_detainees">Camp detainees</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Camp detainees">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Guantanamo_Bay_detainees" title="List of Guantanamo Bay detainees">List of Guantanamo Bay detainees</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_detainees_at_Guantanamo_Bay" title="Uyghur detainees at Guantanamo Bay">Uyghur detainees at Guantanamo Bay</a></div> Since January 2002, 779 men have been brought to Guantanamo.<a href="#cite_note-158">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[158]</a> Nearly 200 were released by mid-2004, before there had been any CSRTs (<a href="/wiki/Combatant_Status_Review_Tribunal" title="Combatant Status Review Tribunal">Combatant Status Review Tribunal</a>) to review whether individuals were rightfully held as enemy combatants.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>]<a href="#cite_note-Gray-114">[113]</a> Of all detainees at Guantanamo, <a href="/wiki/Afghans" title="Afghans">Afghans</a> were the largest group (29 percent), followed by <a href="/wiki/Saudis" title="Saudis">Saudi Arabians</a> (17 percent), <a href="/wiki/Yemenis" title="Yemenis">Yemenis</a> (15 percent), <a href="/wiki/Pakistanis" title="Pakistanis">Pakistanis</a> (9 percent), and <a href="/wiki/Algerians" title="Algerians">Algerians</a> (3 percent). Overall, 50 nationalities were present at Guantanamo.<a href="#cite_note-160">[159]</a> Although the Bush administration said most of the men had been captured fighting in Afghanistan, a 2006 report prepared by the Center for Policy and Research at <a href="/wiki/Seton_Hall_University_School_of_Law" title="Seton Hall University School of Law">Seton Hall University Law School</a> reviewed DoD data for the remaining 517 men in 2005 and "established that over 80% of the prisoners were captured not by Americans on the battlefield but by Pakistanis and Afghans, often in exchange for bounty payments."<a href="#cite_note-Seton-125">[124]</a> The U.S. widely distributed leaflets in the region and offered $5,000 per prisoner. One example is <a href="/wiki/Adel_Noori" title="Adel Noori">Adel Noori</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Uyghurs" title="Uyghurs">Chinese Uyghur</a> and dissident who had been sold to the US by Pakistani bounty hunters.<a href="#cite_note-161">[160]</a> Top DoD officials often referred to these prisoners as the "worst of the worst", but a 2003 memo by then-Secretary of Defense <a href="/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld">Donald Rumsfeld</a> said "We need to stop populating Guantanamo Bay (GTMO) with low-level enemy combatants... GTMO needs to serve as an [redacted] not a prison for Afghanistan."<a href="#cite_note-162">[161]</a> The Center for Policy and Research's 2006 report, based on DoD released data, found that most detainees were low-level offenders who were not affiliated with organizations on <a href="/wiki/Terrorist_Screening_Database" title="Terrorist Screening Database">U.S. terrorist lists</a>. Eight men have died in the prison camp; DoD has said that six were suicides. DoD reported three men, two Saudis and a Yemeni, had committed suicide on 10 June 2006. Government accounts, including an NCIS report released with <a href="/wiki/Redaction" title="Redaction">redactions</a> in August 2008, have been questioned by the press, the detainees' families, the Saudi government, former detainees, and human rights groups.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ISN_00156,_Adnan_Farhan_Latif.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/ISN_00156%2C_Adnan_Farhan_Latif.jpg/220px-ISN_00156%2C_Adnan_Farhan_Latif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/ISN_00156%2C_Adnan_Farhan_Latif.jpg/330px-ISN_00156%2C_Adnan_Farhan_Latif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/ISN_00156%2C_Adnan_Farhan_Latif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="363" data-file-height="411" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Adnan_Farhan_Abd_Al_Latif" title="Adnan Farhan Abd Al Latif">Adnan Farhan Abd Al Latif</a>, one of the eight detainees who died in the prison camp</figcaption></figure> An estimated 17 to 22 <a href="/wiki/Minors_detained_in_the_global_war_on_terror" class="mw-redirect" title="Minors detained in the global war on terror">minors under the age of 18</a> were detained at <a href="/wiki/Guant%C3%A1namo_Bay" title="Guantánamo Bay">Guantánamo Bay</a>, and it has been claimed that this is in violation of international law. According to Chaplain Kent Svendsen who served as chaplain for the detention centers from 2004 to 2005 there were no minor detainees at the site upon starting his assignment in early 2004. He said: "I was given a tour of the camp and it was explained to me that minors were segregated from the general public and processed to be returned to their families. The camp had long been emptied and closed when I arrived at my duty station".<a href="#cite_note-163">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[163]</a> In July 2005, 242 detainees were moved out of Guantanamo, including 173 who were released without charge. Sixty-nine prisoners were transferred to the custody of governments of other countries, according to the DoD.<a href="#cite_note-165">[164]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Constitutional_Rights" title="Center for Constitutional Rights">Center for Constitutional Rights</a> has prepared biographies of some of the prisoners currently being held in Guantanamo Prison.<a href="#cite_note-166">[165]</a> By May 2011, 600 detainees had been released.<a href="#cite_note-Gray-114">[113]</a> Most of the men were released without charges or transferred to facilities in their home countries. According to former U.S. president Jimmy Carter, about half were cleared for release, yet had little prospect of ever obtaining their freedom.<a href="#cite_note-Carter-2012-148">[147]</a> As of June 2013, 46 detainees (in addition to two who were deceased) were designated to be detained indefinitely, because the government said the prisoners were too dangerous to transfer and there was insufficient <a href="/wiki/Admissible_evidence" title="Admissible evidence">admissible evidence</a> to try them.<a href="#cite_note-167">[166]</a> After the release of <a href="/wiki/Saifullah_Paracha" title="Saifullah Paracha">Saifullah Paracha</a> in October 2022, 35 prisoners remained, 20 of which had been cleared for release, pending identification of a suitable country.<a href="#cite_note-168">[167]</a> As of 20 April 2023, 30 detainees remained at Guantanamo Bay.<a href="#cite_note-169">[168]</a> The fates of former detainees after their release from Guantanamo are mixed. Many have attempted to reintegrate into normal life in their home countries. Some have sought and won refugee status away from their home country, such as <a href="/wiki/Maasoum_Abdah_Mouhammad" title="Maasoum Abdah Mouhammad">Maasoum Abdah Mouhammad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Abdul_Qader" title="Ahmed Abdul Qader">Ahmed Abdul Qader</a>. Some re-engaged in "terror-related activities" since their release, such as <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_al_Qosi" title="Ibrahim al Qosi">Ibrahim al Qosi</a>. Others were incarcerated in their home countries after having been returned, such as <a href="/wiki/Yunis_Abdurrahman_Shokuri" title="Yunis Abdurrahman Shokuri">Yunis Abdurrahman Shokuri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aziz_Abdul_Naji" title="Aziz Abdul Naji">Aziz Abdul Naji</a>.<a href="#cite_note-170">[169]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="High-value_prisoners">High-value prisoners</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: High-value prisoners">edit</a>]</div> In September 2006, President Bush announced that 14 "<a href="/wiki/Extrajudicial_prisoners_of_the_United_States#High-value_detainees" title="Extrajudicial prisoners of the United States">high-value detainees</a>" were to be transferred to military custody of the Guantánamo Bay detention camp from civilian custody by the CIA. He admitted that these suspects had been held in CIA secret prisons overseas, known as black sites. These people include <a href="/wiki/Khalid_Sheikh_Mohammed" title="Khalid Sheikh Mohammed">Khalid Sheikh Mohammed</a>, believed to be the No. 3 Al-Qaeda leader before he was captured in Pakistan in 2003; <a href="/wiki/Ramzi_bin_al-Shibh" title="Ramzi bin al-Shibh">Ramzi bin al-Shibh</a>, an alleged would-be 9/11 hijacker; and <a href="/wiki/Abu_Zubaydah" title="Abu Zubaydah">Abu Zubaydah</a>, who was believed to be a link between <a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a> and many Al-Qaeda cells, who were captured in Pakistan in March 2002.<a href="#cite_note-171">[170]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Khalid_Shaikh_Mohammed_after_capture_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Khalid Shaikh Mohammed"><img alt="Khalid Shaikh Mohammed" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Khalid_Shaikh_Mohammed_after_capture_%28cropped%29.jpg/88px-Khalid_Shaikh_Mohammed_after_capture_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Khalid_Shaikh_Mohammed_after_capture_%28cropped%29.jpg/132px-Khalid_Shaikh_Mohammed_after_capture_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Khalid_Shaikh_Mohammed_after_capture_%28cropped%29.jpg/176px-Khalid_Shaikh_Mohammed_after_capture_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1165" data-file-height="1588" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Khalid Shaikh Mohammed</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ramzi_Binalshibh_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ramzi bin al-Shibh"><img alt="Ramzi bin al-Shibh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Ramzi_Binalshibh_%28cropped%29.jpg/95px-Ramzi_Binalshibh_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Ramzi_Binalshibh_%28cropped%29.jpg/142px-Ramzi_Binalshibh_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Ramzi_Binalshibh_%28cropped%29.jpg/189px-Ramzi_Binalshibh_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="512" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ramzi_bin_al-Shibh" title="Ramzi bin al-Shibh">Ramzi bin al-Shibh</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Abu_Zubaydah.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Abu Zubaydah"><img alt="Abu Zubaydah" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Abu_Zubaydah.jpg/81px-Abu_Zubaydah.jpg" decoding="async" width="81" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Abu_Zubaydah.jpg/121px-Abu_Zubaydah.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Abu_Zubaydah.jpg/162px-Abu_Zubaydah.jpg 2x" data-file-width="223" data-file-height="330" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Abu_Zubaydah" title="Abu Zubaydah">Abu Zubaydah</a></div> </li> </ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Mustafa_Al-Hawsawi.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mustafa al-Hawsawi"><img alt="Mustafa al-Hawsawi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Mustafa_Al-Hawsawi.jpg/83px-Mustafa_Al-Hawsawi.jpg" decoding="async" width="83" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Mustafa_Al-Hawsawi.jpg/124px-Mustafa_Al-Hawsawi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Mustafa_Al-Hawsawi.jpg/165px-Mustafa_Al-Hawsawi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="999" data-file-height="1449" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_al-Hawsawi" title="Mustafa al-Hawsawi">Mustafa al-Hawsawi</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ammar_al-Baluchi_circa_2004_(cropped_2).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Ali Abd Al-Aziz Ali"><img alt="Ali Abd Al-Aziz Ali" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Ammar_al-Baluchi_circa_2004_%28cropped_2%29.png/90px-Ammar_al-Baluchi_circa_2004_%28cropped_2%29.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Ammar_al-Baluchi_circa_2004_%28cropped_2%29.png/135px-Ammar_al-Baluchi_circa_2004_%28cropped_2%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Ammar_al-Baluchi_circa_2004_%28cropped_2%29.png/180px-Ammar_al-Baluchi_circa_2004_%28cropped_2%29.png 2x" data-file-width="555" data-file-height="740" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ammar_al-Baluchi" title="Ammar al-Baluchi">Ali Abd Al-Aziz Ali</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:BinAttash.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Walid bin Attash"><img alt="Walid bin Attash" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/BinAttash.jpg/82px-BinAttash.jpg" decoding="async" width="82" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/BinAttash.jpg/124px-BinAttash.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/BinAttash.jpg/165px-BinAttash.jpg 2x" data-file-width="216" data-file-height="314" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Walid_bin_Attash" title="Walid bin Attash">Walid bin Attash</a></div> </li> </ul> In 2011, human rights groups and journalists found that some of these prisoners had been taken to other locations, including in Europe, and interrogated under torture in the <a href="/wiki/Extraordinary_rendition_by_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Extraordinary rendition by the United States">U.S. extraordinary rendition program</a> before arriving at Guantanamo.<a href="#cite_note-172">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-173">[172]</a> On 11 February 2008, the U.S. military charged Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, Ramzi bin al-Shibh, <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Ahmad_al-Hawsawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mustafa Ahmad al-Hawsawi">Mustafa Ahmad al-Hawsawi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ammar_al-Baluchi" title="Ammar al-Baluchi">Ali Abd Al-Aziz Ali</a> and <a href="/wiki/Walid_bin_Attash" title="Walid bin Attash">Walid bin Attash</a> with committing the September 11 attacks, under the military commission system, as established under the <a href="/wiki/Military_Commissions_Act_of_2006" title="Military Commissions Act of 2006">Military Commissions Act of 2006</a> (MCA).<a href="#cite_note-174">[173]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Boumediene_v._Bush" title="Boumediene v. Bush">Boumediene v. Bush</a> (2008), the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">U.S. Supreme Court</a> ruled that the MCA was unconstitutional. On 5 February 2009, charges against Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri were dropped <a href="/wiki/Prejudice_(legal_term)" title="Prejudice (legal term)">without prejudice</a> after an order by Obama to suspend trials for 120 days.<a href="#cite_note-175">[174]</a> Abd Al-Rahim Al-Nashiri was accused of renting a small boat connected with the <a href="/wiki/USS_Cole_bombing" title="USS Cole bombing">USS Cole bombing</a>. On 31 July 2024, Mohammed, Attash, & al-Hawsawi all <a href="/wiki/Plea_bargain" title="Plea bargain">agreed to plead guilty</a> to avoid the death penalty. In exchange, they will be given life sentences and be transferred from Guantanamo Bay to <a href="/wiki/ADX_Florence" title="ADX Florence">ADX Florence</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:nyt2024-176">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-:twp2024-177">[176]</a> The plea deal was revoked by Secretary of Defense <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Austin" title="Lloyd Austin">Lloyd Austin</a> two days later.<a href="#cite_note-178">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-179">[178]</a> The pleas deals have since been reinstated, since the defense secretary did not have the required authority to revoke them and furthermore acted too late according to a military judge. <a href="#cite_note-180">[179]</a> Once the three inmates are transferred, this will reduce the remaining number of detainees to 27, slowly edging towards closing the base. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_military_inquiries">Government and military inquiries</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Government and military inquiries">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Senate_Report_on_CIA_Detention_Interrogation_Program.pdf" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/US_Senate_Report_on_CIA_Detention_Interrogation_Program.pdf/page1-220px-US_Senate_Report_on_CIA_Detention_Interrogation_Program.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/US_Senate_Report_on_CIA_Detention_Interrogation_Program.pdf/page1-330px-US_Senate_Report_on_CIA_Detention_Interrogation_Program.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/US_Senate_Report_on_CIA_Detention_Interrogation_Program.pdf/page1-440px-US_Senate_Report_on_CIA_Detention_Interrogation_Program.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1266" data-file-height="1641" /></a><figcaption>The US Senate Report on CIA Detention Interrogation Program that details the use of torture during CIA detention and interrogation</figcaption></figure> Senior law enforcement agents with the <a href="/wiki/Criminal_Investigation_Task_Force" title="Criminal Investigation Task Force">Criminal Investigation Task Force</a> told <a href="/wiki/MSNBC" title="MSNBC">msnbc.com</a> in 2006 that they began to complain inside the Defense Department in 2002 that the interrogation tactics used by a separate team of intelligence investigators were unproductive, not likely to produce reliable information and probably illegal. Unable to get satisfaction from the Army commanders running the detainee camp, they took their concerns to <a href="/wiki/David_Brant" title="David Brant">David Brant</a>, director of the NCIS, who alerted Navy General Counsel <a href="/wiki/Alberto_J._Mora" title="Alberto J. Mora">Alberto J. Mora</a>.<a href="#cite_note-181">[180]</a> General Counsel Mora and Navy Judge Advocate General <a href="/wiki/Michael_Lohr" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Lohr">Michael Lohr</a> believed the detainee treatment to be unlawful and campaigned among other top lawyers and officials in the Defense Department to investigate, and to provide clear standards prohibiting coercive interrogation tactics.<a href="#cite_note-182">[181]</a> In response, on 15 January 2003, Donald Rumsfeld suspended the approved interrogation tactics at Guantánamo until a new set of guidelines could be produced by a working group headed by General Counsel of the Air Force <a href="/wiki/Mary_L._Walker" title="Mary L. Walker">Mary Walker</a>. The working group based its new guidelines on a legal memo from the Department of Justice Office of Legal Counsel written by <a href="/wiki/John_Yoo" title="John Yoo">John Yoo</a> and signed by <a href="/wiki/Jay_S._Bybee" class="mw-redirect" title="Jay S. Bybee">Jay S. Bybee</a>, which would later become widely known as the "<a href="/wiki/Bybee_memo" class="mw-redirect" title="Bybee memo">Torture Memo</a>."<a href="#cite_note-Torture-183">[182]</a> General Counsel Mora led a faction of the Working Group in arguing against these standards, and argued the issues with Yoo in person. The working group's final report, was signed and delivered to Guantánamo without the knowledge of Mora and the others who had opposed its content. Nonetheless, Mora has maintained that detainee treatment has been consistent with the law since 15 January 2003 suspension of previously approved interrogation tactics.<a href="#cite_note-Torture-183">[182]</a> On 1 May 2005, the New York Times reported on a high-level military investigation into accusations of detainee abuse at Guantánamo, conducted by Lt. Gen. <a href="/wiki/Randall_Schmidt" title="Randall Schmidt">Randall M. Schmidt</a> of the Air Force, and dealing with: <blockquote>accounts by agents for the Federal Bureau of Investigation who complained after witnessing detainees subjected to several forms of harsh treatment. The F.B.I. agents wrote in memorandums that were never meant to be disclosed publicly that they had seen female interrogators forcibly squeeze male prisoners' genitals, and that they had witnessed other detainees stripped and shackled low to the floor for many hours.<a href="#cite_note-184">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-185">[184]</a></blockquote> In June 2005, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States House Committee on Armed Services">United States House Committee on Armed Services</a> visited the camp and described it as a "resort" and complimented the quality of the food. Democratic members of the committee complained that Republicans had blocked the testimony of attorneys representing the prisoners.<a href="#cite_note-186">[185]</a> On 12 July 2005, members of a military panel told the committee that they proposed disciplining prison commander Army Major General Geoffrey Miller over the interrogation of <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_al-Kahtani" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohamed al-Kahtani">Mohamed al-Kahtani</a>, who was regularly beaten, humiliated, and psychologically assaulted. They said the recommendation was overruled by General <a href="/wiki/Bantz_J._Craddock" title="Bantz J. Craddock">Bantz J. Craddock</a>, commander of <a href="/wiki/U.S._Southern_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Southern Command">U.S. Southern Command</a>, who referred the matter to the Army's inspector general.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The Senate Armed Services Committee Report on Detainee Treatment was <a href="/wiki/Declassification" title="Declassification">declassified</a> and released in 2009. It stated, <blockquote>The abuse of detainees in U.S. custody cannot simply be attributed to the actions of "a few <a href="/wiki/Bad_apples" title="Bad apples">bad apples</a>" acting on their own. The fact is that senior officials in the United States government solicited information on how to use aggressive techniques, redefined the law to create the appearance of their legality, and authorized their use against detainees. Those efforts damaged our ability to collect accurate intelligence that could save lives, strengthened the hand of our enemies, and compromised our moral authority.<a href="#cite_note-187">[186]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_issues">Legal issues</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Legal issues">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (January 2025)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="President_Bush's_military_order">President Bush's military order</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: President Bush's military order">edit</a>]</div> On 14 September 2001, Congress passed the <a href="/wiki/Authorization_for_Use_of_Military_Force_Against_Terrorists" class="mw-redirect" title="Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists">Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists</a>, giving the President of the United States broad powers to prosecute a War on Terror in response to the September 11 attacks.<a href="#cite_note-dworkin1-188">[187]</a> Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Colin_Powell" title="Colin Powell">Colin Powell</a> and State Department Legal Advisor <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft_IV" title="William Howard Taft IV">William Howard Taft IV</a> advised that the President must observe the Geneva Conventions.<a href="#cite_note-katyal-189">[188]</a> Colonel <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Morris" title="Lawrence Morris">Lawrence Morris</a> proposed holding public hearings modeled on the <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_trials" title="Nuremberg trials">Nuremberg trials</a>.<a href="#cite_note-190">[189]</a> Major General Thomas Romig, the <a href="/wiki/Judge_Advocate_General_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Judge Advocate General of the United States Army">Judge Advocate General of the United States Army</a>, recommended any new <a href="/wiki/Military_tribunals_in_the_United_States" title="Military tribunals in the United States">military tribunals</a> be modeled on existing <a href="/wiki/Courts-martial" class="mw-redirect" title="Courts-martial">courts-martial</a>.<a href="#cite_note-katyal-189">[188]</a> However, Assistant Attorney General for the Office of Legal Counsel <a href="/wiki/Jay_Bybee" title="Jay Bybee">Jay Bybee</a>, relying on the <a href="/wiki/Unitary_executive_theory" title="Unitary executive theory">unitary executive theory</a> developed by Deputy Assistant Attorney General John Yoo, advised the president in a series of <a href="/wiki/Torture_memos" class="mw-redirect" title="Torture memos">memos</a> that he could hold <a href="/wiki/Enemy_combatants" class="mw-redirect" title="Enemy combatants">enemy combatants</a> abroad, indefinitely, without congressional oversight, and free from <a href="/wiki/Judicial_review" title="Judicial review">judicial review</a>.<a href="#cite_note-katyal-189">[188]</a> On 13 November 2001, President George W. Bush signed a <a href="/wiki/Executive_order_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive order (United States)">military order</a> titled the <a href="/wiki/Detention,_Treatment,_and_Trial_of_Certain_Non-Citizens_in_the_War_Against_Terrorism" title="Detention, Treatment, and Trial of Certain Non-Citizens in the War Against Terrorism">Detention, Treatment, and Trial of Certain Non-Citizens in the War Against Terrorism</a>, which sought to detain and try enemy combatants by military commissions under presidential authority alone.<a href="#cite_note-katyal-189">[188]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rasul_v._Bush_(2004)">Rasul v. Bush (2004)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Rasul v. Bush (2004)">edit</a>]</div> On 19 February 2002, Guantanamo detainees petitioned in federal court for a writ of <a href="/wiki/Habeas_corpus" title="Habeas corpus">habeas corpus</a> to review the legality of their detention. U.S. District Judge <a href="/wiki/Colleen_Kollar-Kotelly" title="Colleen Kollar-Kotelly">Colleen Kollar-Kotelly</a> denied the detainees' petitions on 30 July 2002, finding that aliens in Cuba had no access to U.S. courts.<a href="#cite_note-191">[190]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Al_Odah_v._United_States" title="Al Odah v. United States">Al Odah v. United States</a>, a panel of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_District_of_Columbia_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit</a> including Judge <a href="/wiki/Merrick_Garland" title="Merrick Garland">Merrick Garland</a> affirmed on 11 March 2003.<a href="#cite_note-192">[191]</a> On 28 June 2004, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a> decided against the Government in <a href="/wiki/Rasul_v._Bush" title="Rasul v. Bush">Rasul v. Bush</a>.<a href="#cite_note-193">[192]</a> Justice <a href="/wiki/John_Paul_Stevens" title="John Paul Stevens">John Paul Stevens</a>, writing for a five-justice majority, held that the detainees had a <a href="/wiki/Statute" title="Statute">statutory</a> right to petition federal courts for habeas review.<a href="#cite_note-dworkin2-194">[193]</a> That same day, the Supreme Court ruled against the Government in <a href="/wiki/Hamdi_v._Rumsfeld" title="Hamdi v. Rumsfeld">Hamdi v. Rumsfeld</a>.<a href="#cite_note-195">[194]</a> Justice <a href="/wiki/Sandra_Day_O%27Connor" title="Sandra Day O'Connor">Sandra Day O'Connor</a> wrote the four-justice <a href="/wiki/Plurality_opinion" class="mw-redirect" title="Plurality opinion">plurality opinion</a> finding that an American citizen detained in Guantanamo had a constitutional right to petition federal courts for habeas review under the <a href="/wiki/Due_Process_Clause" title="Due Process Clause">Due Process Clause</a>.<a href="#cite_note-dworkin2-194">[193]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hamdan_v._Rumsfeld_(2006)">Hamdan v. Rumsfeld (2006)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Hamdan v. Rumsfeld (2006)">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Combatant_Status_Review_Tribunal" title="Combatant Status Review Tribunal">Combatant Status Review Tribunal</a></div> Deputy Defense Secretary <a href="/wiki/Paul_Wolfowitz" title="Paul Wolfowitz">Paul Wolfowitz</a> responded by creating "<a href="/wiki/Combatant_Status_Review_Tribunal" title="Combatant Status Review Tribunal">Combatant Status Review Tribunals</a>" (CSRTs) to determine if detainees were <a href="/wiki/Unlawful_combatants" class="mw-redirect" title="Unlawful combatants">unlawful combatants</a>.<a href="#cite_note-196">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-197">[196]</a> Detainees' habeas petitions to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Columbia" title="United States District Court for the District of Columbia">United States District Court for the District of Columbia</a> were consolidated into two cases.<a href="#cite_note-198">[197]</a> In one, Judge <a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Leon" title="Richard J. Leon">Richard J. Leon</a> rejected the detainees' petition because they "have no cognizable Constitutional rights" on 19 January 2005.<a href="#cite_note-199">[198]</a> In the other, Judge <a href="/wiki/Joyce_Hens_Green" title="Joyce Hens Green">Joyce Hens Green</a> granted the detainees' petition, finding the CSRTs violated the detainees' constitutional rights on 31 January 2005.<a href="#cite_note-200">[199]</a> Separately, on 8 November 2004, Judge <a href="/wiki/James_Robertson_(judge)" title="James Robertson (judge)">James Robertson</a> had granted <a href="/wiki/Salim_Hamdan" title="Salim Hamdan">Salim Hamdan</a>'s petition challenging that the military commission trying the detainee for war crimes was not a <a href="/wiki/Competent_tribunal" title="Competent tribunal">competent tribunal</a>, prompting commentary by European law professors.<a href="#cite_note-201">[200]</a><a href="#cite_note-202">[201]</a> The Combatant Status Reviews were completed in March 2005. Thirty-eight of the detainees were found not to be enemy combatants. After the dossier of determined enemy combatant <a href="/wiki/Murat_Kurnaz" title="Murat Kurnaz">Murat Kurnaz</a> was accidentally declassified Judge Green wrote it "fails to provide significant details to support its conclusory allegations, does not reveal the sources for its information and is contradicted by other evidence in the record."<a href="#cite_note-Leonnig_2005-203">[202]</a> <a href="/wiki/Eugene_R._Fidell" title="Eugene R. Fidell">Eugene R. Fidell</a>, said that, the Kurnaz' dossier, "suggests the [CSRT] procedure is a sham; if a case like that can get through, then the merest scintilla of evidence against someone would carry the day for the government, even if there's a mountain of evidence on the other side."<a href="#cite_note-Leonnig_2005-203">[202]</a> The <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">Washington Post</a> included the following cases as among those showing the problems with the CSRT process: <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Ait_Idir" title="Mustafa Ait Idir">Mustafa Ait Idir</a>, Moazzam Begg, Murat Kurnaz, <a href="/wiki/Feroz_Abbasi" title="Feroz Abbasi">Feroz Abbasi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Martin_Mubanga" title="Martin Mubanga">Martin Mubanga</a>.<a href="#cite_note-204">[203]</a><a href="#cite_note-Leonnig_2005-203">[202]</a> On 15 July 2005, a panel of the D.C. Circuit including then-Circuit Judge <a href="/wiki/John_Roberts" title="John Roberts">John Roberts</a> vacated all those lower rulings and threw out the detainees' petitions.<a href="#cite_note-205">[204]</a> On 7 November 2005, the Supreme Court agreed to review that judgment. On 30 December 2005, Congress responded by passing the <a href="/wiki/Detainee_Treatment_Act" title="Detainee Treatment Act">Detainee Treatment Act</a>, which changed the statute to explicitly strip detainees of any right to petition courts for habeas review.<a href="#cite_note-katyal-189">[188]</a> On 29 June 2006, the Supreme Court decided against the Government in Hamdan v. Rumsfeld.<a href="#cite_note-206">[205]</a> Justice Stevens, writing for a five-justice majority, found that courts had jurisdiction to hear those detainees' petitions which had been filed before Congress enacted the DTA and that the CSRTs violated the Geneva Conventions standards enacted in the <a href="/wiki/Uniform_Code_of_Military_Justice" title="Uniform Code of Military Justice">Uniform Code of Military Justice</a>.<a href="#cite_note-207">[206]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Boumediene_v._Bush_(2008)">Boumediene v. Bush (2008)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Boumediene v. Bush (2008)">edit</a>]</div> Congress responded by passing the Military Commissions Act of 2006, which gave statutory authorization to the CSRTs and was explicit in retroactively stripping detainees of any right to petition courts for habeas review.<a href="#cite_note-208">[207]</a> On 20 February 2007, D.C. Circuit Judge <a href="/wiki/A._Raymond_Randolph" title="A. Raymond Randolph">A. Raymond Randolph</a>, joined by Judge <a href="/wiki/David_B._Sentelle" title="David B. Sentelle">David B. Sentelle</a> upheld the Act and dismissed the detainees' petitions, over the dissent of Judge <a href="/wiki/Judith_W._Rogers" title="Judith W. Rogers">Judith W. Rogers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-209">[208]</a> On 12 June 2008, the U.S. Supreme Court decided against the government in Boumediene v. Bush.<a href="#cite_note-210">[209]</a> Justice <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Kennedy" title="Anthony Kennedy">Anthony Kennedy</a>, writing for a five-justice majority, held that the detainees had a right to petition federal courts for writs of habeas corpus under the United States Constitution.<a href="#cite_note-dworkin1-188">[187]</a> Justice <a href="/wiki/Antonin_Scalia" title="Antonin Scalia">Antonin Scalia</a> strongly dissented, writing that the Court's decision, "will almost certainly cause more Americans to be killed".<a href="#cite_note-dworkin1-188">[187]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_court_rulings">Other court rulings</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Other court rulings">edit</a>]</div> After being ordered to do so by U.S. District Judge <a href="/wiki/Jed_S._Rakoff" title="Jed S. Rakoff">Jed S. Rakoff</a>, on 3 March 2006, the Department of Defense released the names of 317 out of approximately 500 alleged enemy combatants being held in Guantánamo Bay, citing again privacy concerns as reason to withhold some names.<a href="#cite_note-211">[210]</a><a href="#cite_note-212">[211]</a> French judge Jean-Claude Kross, on 27 September 2006, postponed a verdict in the trial of six former Guantánamo Bay detainees accused of attending combat training at an al Qaeda camp in Afghanistan, saying the court needs more information on French intelligence missions to Guantánamo. Defense lawyers for the six men, all French nationals, accused the French government of colluding with U.S. authorities over their detentions; they said the government sought to use inadmissible evidence, as it was obtained through <a href="/wiki/Secret_service" title="Secret service">secret service</a> interviews with the detainees without their lawyers present. Kross scheduled new hearings for 2 May 2007, calling the former head of counterterrorism at the French <a href="/wiki/Direction_de_la_surveillance_du_territoire" title="Direction de la surveillance du territoire">Direction de la surveillance du territoire</a> intelligence agency to testify.<a href="#cite_note-213">[212]</a> On 21 October 2008, United States district court Judge <a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Leon" title="Richard J. Leon">Richard J. Leon</a> ordered the release of the five Algerians held at Guantánamo Bay, Cuba, and the continued detention of a sixth, <a href="/wiki/Bensayah_Belkacem" title="Bensayah Belkacem">Bensayah Belkacem</a>.<a href="#cite_note-214">[213]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Access_to_counsel">Access to counsel</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Access to counsel">edit</a>]</div> In the summer of 2012, the government instituted a new protocol for civilian attorneys representing Guantanamo prisoners. It required lawyers to sign a <a href="/wiki/Memorandum_of_understanding" title="Memorandum of understanding">memorandum of understanding</a>, in which they agreed to certain restrictions, in order to continue to see their clients.<a href="#cite_note-CSM20120906-215">[214]</a> A federal court order had governed lawyers' access to their detainee clients and classified information related to their capture and confinement. Government lawyers sought court approval to replace the <a href="/wiki/Protective_order" class="mw-disambig" title="Protective order">court's protective order</a> with the MOU, to enable military officials to establish and enforce their own rules about when and how detainees could have access to legal counsel.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Under the rules of the MOU, lawyers' access was restricted for those detainees who no longer have legal challenges pending. The new government rules tightened access to classified information and gave the commander of the Joint Task Force Guantanamo complete discretion over lawyers' access to the detainees, including visits to the base and letters. The Justice Department took the position that Guantanamo Bay detainees whose legal challenges have been dismissed do not need the same level of access to counsel as detainees who are still fighting in court.<a href="#cite_note-CSM20120906-215">[214]</a> On 6 September 2012, U.S. District Chief Judge <a href="/wiki/Royce_C._Lamberth" class="mw-redirect" title="Royce C. Lamberth">Royce C. Lamberth</a> rejected the government's arguments. Writing that the government was confusing "the roles of the <a href="/wiki/Prison_officer" title="Prison officer">jailer</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">judiciary</a>," Judge Lamberth rejected the military's assertion that it could veto meetings between lawyers and detainees.<a href="#cite_note-216">[215]</a> Judge Lamberth ruled that access by lawyers to their detainee-clients at Guantánamo must continue under the terms of a long-standing protective order issued by federal judges in Washington.<a href="#cite_note-CSM20120906-215">[214]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_law">International law</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: International law">edit</a>]</div> In April 2004, Cuban diplomats tabled a United Nations resolution calling for a UN investigation of Guantánamo Bay.<a href="#cite_note-217">[216]</a> In May 2007, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Scheinin" title="Martin Scheinin">Martin Scheinin</a>, a United Nations rapporteur on rights in countering terrorism, released a preliminary report for the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Rights_Council" title="United Nations Human Rights Council">United Nations Human Rights Council</a>. The report stated the United States violated <a href="/wiki/International_law" title="International law">international law</a>, particularly the <a href="/wiki/International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights" title="International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights">International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights</a>, that the Bush Administration could not try such prisoners as enemy combatants in a military tribunal and could not deny them access to the evidence used against them.<a href="#cite_note-218">[217]</a> Prisoners have been labeled "illegal" or "<a href="/wiki/Unlawful_enemy_combatant" class="mw-redirect" title="Unlawful enemy combatant">unlawful enemy combatants</a>," but several observers such as the Center for Constitutional Rights and <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> maintain that the United States has not held the Article 5 tribunals required by the Geneva Conventions.<a href="#cite_note-219">[218]</a> The International Committee of the Red Cross has stated that, "Every person in enemy hands must have some status under international law: he is either a prisoner of war and, as such, covered by the Third Convention, a civilian covered by the Fourth Convention, [or] a member of the medical personnel of the armed forces who is covered by the First Convention. There is no intermediate status; nobody in enemy hands can fall outside the law." Thus, if the detainees are not classified as prisoners of war, this would still grant them the rights of the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Geneva_Convention" title="Fourth Geneva Convention">Fourth Geneva Convention</a>, as opposed to the more common <a href="/wiki/Third_Geneva_Convention" title="Third Geneva Convention">Third Geneva Convention</a>, which deals exclusively with prisoners of war. A U.S. court has rejected this argument as it applies to detainees from al Qaeda.<a href="#cite_note-Guantanamo1-75">[74]</a> <a href="/wiki/Henry_T._King" title="Henry T. King">Henry T. King</a>, Jr., a prosecutor for the <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Trials" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuremberg Trials">Nuremberg Trials</a>, has argued that the type of tribunals at Guantánamo Bay "violates the <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_principles" title="Nuremberg principles">Nuremberg principles</a>" and that they are against "the spirit of the Geneva Conventions of 1949."<a href="#cite_note-220">[219]</a> Some have argued in favor of a <a href="/wiki/Summary_execution" title="Summary execution">summary execution</a> of all unlawful combatants, using <a href="/wiki/Ex_parte_Quirin" title="Ex parte Quirin">Ex parte Quirin</a> as the precedent, a case during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> that upheld the use of military tribunals for eight German <a href="/wiki/Saboteurs" class="mw-redirect" title="Saboteurs">saboteurs</a> caught on U.S. soil while wearing civilian clothes. The Germans were deemed to be unlawful combatants and thus not entitled to POW status. Six of the eight were executed as spies in the <a href="/wiki/Electric_chair" title="Electric chair">electric chair</a> on the request of the U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a>. The validity of this case, as basis for denying prisoners in the War on Terrorism protection by the Geneva Conventions, has been disputed.<a href="#cite_note-221">[220]</a><a href="#cite_note-222">[221]</a><a href="#cite_note-223">[222]</a> A report by the <a href="/wiki/American_Bar_Association" title="American Bar Association">American Bar Association</a> commenting on this case, states that the Quirin case "does not stand for the proposition that detainees may be held incommunicado and denied access to counsel." The report notes that the Quirin defendants could seek review and were represented by counsel.<a href="#cite_note-224">[223]</a> A report published in April 2011 in the <a href="/wiki/PLoS_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="PLoS Medicine">PLoS Medicine</a> journal looked at the cases of nine individuals for evidence of torture and ill treatment and documentation by medical personnel at the base by reviewing medical records and relevant legal case files (client affidavits, attorney–client notes and summaries, and legal affidavits of medical experts). The findings in these nine cases from the base indicate that medical doctors and mental health personnel assigned to the DoD neglected or concealed medical evidence of intentional harm, and the detainees complained of "abusive interrogation methods that are consistent with torture as defined by the <a href="/wiki/UN_Convention_Against_Torture" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Convention Against Torture">UN Convention Against Torture</a> as well as the more restrictive US definition of torture that was operational at the time".<a href="#cite_note-225">[224]</a> The group <a href="/wiki/Physicians_for_Human_Rights" title="Physicians for Human Rights">Physicians for Human Rights</a> has claimed that health professionals were active participants in the development and implementation of the interrogation sessions, and monitored prisoners to determine the effectiveness of the methods used, a possible violation of the <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Code" title="Nuremberg Code">Nuremberg Code</a>, which bans <a href="/wiki/Human_subject_research" title="Human subject research">human experimentation on prisoners</a>.<a href="#cite_note-226">[225]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lease_agreement_for_Guantanamo">Lease agreement for Guantanamo</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Lease agreement for Guantanamo">edit</a>]</div> The base, which is considered legally to be leased by the Cuban government to the United States, is on territory that is recognized by both governments to be sovereign Cuban territory. The naval base at Guantanamo Bay was leased by Cuba to the American government through the "Agreement Between the United States and Cuba for the Lease of Lands for Coaling and Naval stations", signed by the President of Cuba and the President of the United States on 23 February 1903. The lease agreement from 1903 says in Article 2: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">The grant of the foregoing Article shall include the right to use and occupy the waters adjacent to said areas of land and water, and to improve and deepen the entrances thereto and the anchorages therein, and generally to do any and all things necessary to fit the premises for use as coaling or naval stations only, and for no other purpose.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Agreement Between the United States and Cuba for the Lease of Lands for Coaling and Naval stations; February 23, 1903<a href="#cite_note-227">[226]</a></cite></div></blockquote> In 1934, the newly revised <a href="/wiki/Cuban%E2%80%93American_Treaty_of_Relations_(1934)" title="Cuban–American Treaty of Relations (1934)">Cuban–American Treaty of Relations</a> reaffirmed Article 2's provision of the previous treaty of leasing Guantánamo Bay Naval Base to the United States. Article 3 of the treaty states: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">Until the two contracting parties agree to the modification or abrogation of the stipulations of the agreement in regard to the lease to the United States of America of lands in Cuba for coaling and naval stations signed by the President of the Republic of Cuba on February 16, 1903, and by the President of the United States of America on the 23d day of the same month and year, the stipulations of that agreement with regard to the naval station of Guantanamo shall continue in effect. The supplementary agreement in regard to naval or coaling stations signed between the two Governments on July 2, 1903, also shall continue in effect in the same form and on the same conditions with respect to the naval station at Guantanamo. So long as the United States of America shall not abandon the said naval station of Guantanamo or the two Governments shall not agree to a modification of its present limits, the station shall continue to have the territorial area that it now has, with the limits that it has on the date of the signature of the present Treaty.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Treaty Between the United States of America and Cuba; May 29, 1934<a href="#cite_note-228">[227]</a></cite></div></blockquote> The post-1959 Cuban government claimed the treaty was forced upon them by the United States and therefore was a not valid legal agreement. However, Article 4 of the <a href="/wiki/Vienna_Convention_on_the_Law_of_Treaties" title="Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties">Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties</a> says its provisions shall not be applied retroactively. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Guantanamo_military_commission">Guantanamo military commission</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Guantanamo military commission">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Guantanamo_military_commission" title="Guantanamo military commission">Guantanamo military commission</a></div> The American Bar Association announced that: "In response to the unprecedented attacks of September 11, on 13 November 2001, the President announced that certain <a href="/wiki/Alien_(law)" title="Alien (law)">non-citizens</a> [of the US] would be subject to detention and trial by military authorities. The order provides that non-citizens whom the government deems to be, or to have been, members of the al Qaida organization or to have engaged in, aided or abetted, or conspired to commit acts of international terrorism that have caused, threaten to cause, or have as their aim to cause, injury to or adverse effects on the United States or its citizens, or to have knowingly harbored such individuals, are subject to detention by military authorities and trial before a military commission."<a href="#cite_note-229">[228]</a> On 28 and 29 September 2006, the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives, respectively, passed the <a href="/wiki/Military_Commissions_Act_of_2006" title="Military Commissions Act of 2006">Military Commissions Act of 2006</a>, a controversial bill that allows the President to designate certain people with the status of "unlawful enemy combatants" thus making them subject to military commissions, where they have fewer <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil rights">civil rights</a> than in regular trials. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Camp_Justice"">"Camp Justice"</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: "Camp Justice"">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:48-tentcity.standalone.prod_affiliate.56.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/48-tentcity.standalone.prod_affiliate.56.JPG/220px-48-tentcity.standalone.prod_affiliate.56.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/48-tentcity.standalone.prod_affiliate.56.JPG/330px-48-tentcity.standalone.prod_affiliate.56.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/48-tentcity.standalone.prod_affiliate.56.JPG/440px-48-tentcity.standalone.prod_affiliate.56.JPG 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="384" /></a><figcaption>Tents where visiting lawyers, human rights observers, and reporters were to stay when watching or participating in the Military Commissions</figcaption></figure> In 2007, Camp Justice was the informal name granted to the complex where Guantánamo detainees would face charges before the Guantanamo military commissions, as authorized by the Military Commissions Act of 2006. It was named by Sgt Neil Felver of the 122 Civil Engineering Squadron in a contest.<a href="#cite_note-230">[229]</a><a href="#cite_note-231">[230]</a><a href="#cite_note-232">[231]</a> Initially the complex was to be a permanent facility, costing over $100 million. The U.S. Congress overruled the Bush Administration's plans. The camp was redesigned as a portable, temporary facility, costing approximately $10 million. On 2 January 2008, the <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Star" title="Toronto Star">Toronto Star</a> reporter <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Shephard" title="Michelle Shephard">Michelle Shephard</a> offered an account of the security precautions that reporters go through before they can attend the hearings:<a href="#cite_note-233">[232]</a> <ul><li>Reporters were not allowed to bring in more than one pen;</li> <li>Female reporters were frisked if they wore <a href="/wiki/Underwire_bra" title="Underwire bra">underwire bras</a>;</li> <li>Reporters were not allowed to bring in their traditional coil-ring notepads;</li> <li>The bus bringing reporters to the hearing room is checked for explosives before it leaves;</li> <li>200 meters from the hearing room, reporters dismount, pass through <a href="/wiki/Metal_detector" title="Metal detector">metal detectors</a>, and are sniffed by chemical detectors for signs of exposure to explosives;</li> <li>Eight reporters are allowed into the hearing room—the remainder watch over <a href="/wiki/Closed-circuit_television" title="Closed-circuit television">closed circuit television</a>.</li></ul> Reporters are not supposed to hear the sound from the court directly. A 20-second delay is inserted. If a classified document is read, a red light starts and the sound is turned off immediately.<a href="#cite_note-234">[233]</a> On 1 November 2008, David McFadden of the Associated Press stated the 100 tents erected to hold lawyers, reporters and observers were practically deserted when he and two other reporters covered the military commission for <a href="/wiki/Ali_Hamza_al-Bahlul" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali Hamza al-Bahlul">Ali Hamza al-Bahlul</a> in late October 2008.<a href="#cite_note-235">[234]</a> Three detainees have been convicted by military court of various charges: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Hicks" title="David Hicks">David Hicks</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Australians" title="Australians">Australian</a> citizen, was found guilty in a plea bargain, of <a href="/wiki/Providing_material_support_for_terrorism" title="Providing material support for terrorism">providing material support for terrorism</a> in 2001, according to his military lawyer under <a href="/wiki/Ex_Post_Facto_Clause" class="mw-redirect" title="Ex Post Facto Clause">retrospective legislation</a> introduced in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-236">[235]</a><a href="#cite_note-237">[236]</a> On 18 February 2015, David Hicks' appeal against his conviction was upheld by the United States Military Commission Review and his conviction was overturned.<a href="#cite_note-238">[237]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salim_Hamdan" title="Salim Hamdan">Salim Hamdan</a> was convicted of being Osama bin Laden's driver.<a href="#cite_note-239">[238]</a> After his release, he appealed his case. On 16 October 2012, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_District_of_Columbia_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit</a> vacated Hamdan's conviction, on the grounds that the acts he was charged with under the <a href="/wiki/Military_Commissions_Act_of_2006" title="Military Commissions Act of 2006">Military Commissions Act of 2006</a> were not, in fact, crimes at the time he committed them, rendering it an <a href="/wiki/Ex_post_facto" class="mw-redirect" title="Ex post facto">ex post facto</a> prosecution.<a href="#cite_note-240">[239]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Release_of_prisoners">Release of prisoners</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Release of prisoners">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_release_and_transfer_of_Guantanamo_Bay_detainees" title="Timeline of the release and transfer of Guantanamo Bay detainees">Timeline of the release and transfer of Guantanamo Bay detainees</a>.</div> Two hundred detainees were released in 2004 before any Combatant Status Review Tribunals were held, including the Tipton Three, all British citizens. On 27 July 2004, four French detainees were <a href="/wiki/Repatriation" title="Repatriation">repatriated</a> and remanded in custody by the French intelligence agency <a href="/wiki/Direction_de_la_Surveillance_du_Territoire" class="mw-redirect" title="Direction de la Surveillance du Territoire">Direction de la Surveillance du Territoire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-241">[240]</a> The remaining three French detainees were released in March 2005.<a href="#cite_note-242">[241]</a> On 4 August 2004, the Tipton Three, ex-detainees who had been returned to the UK in March of that year (and freed by the British authorities within 24 hours of their return) filed a report in the US claiming persistent severe abuse at the camp, of themselves and others.<a href="#cite_note-243">[242]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_Review_Board">Administrative Review Board</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Administrative Review Board">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Administrative_Review_Board" title="Administrative Review Board">Administrative Review Board</a></div> The detainees at Guantanamo Bay prison underwent a series of CSRTs with the purpose of confirming or vacating their statuses as enemy combatants. In these reviews, the prisoners were interviewed thoroughly on the details of their crimes and roles in Taliban and al Qaeda activities, including the extent of their relationship and correspondence with Osama Bin Laden. In these interviews, the detainees also extensively detailed the alleged abuse and neglect that they faced while in detention at Guantanamo Bay Prison.<a href="#cite_note-244">[243]</a> The events described by these prisoners violated the Geneva Conventions standards of conduct with prisoners of war, yet the conventions were previously claimed to not protect members of the Taliban or al Qaeda militias in correspondence between the department of defense and the assistant attorney general and U.S. department of justice in 2002.<a href="#cite_note-245">[244]</a> The full versions of these Combatant Status Reviews were released in 2016 in response to an ACLU lawsuit.<a href="#cite_note-246">[245]</a> Besides convening CSRTs, the DoD initiated a similar, annual review. Like the CSRTs, the Board did not have a mandate to review whether detainees qualified for POW status under the Geneva Conventions. The Board's mandate was to consider the factors for and against the continued detention of detainees, and make a recommendation either for their retention, release, or transfer to the custody of their country of origin. The first set of annual reviews considered the dossiers of 463 detainees. The first board met between 14 December 2004, and 23 December 2005. The Board recommended the release of 14 detainees, and repatriation of 120 detainees to the custody of their country of origin. By November 2005, 358 of the then-505 detainees held at Guantanamo Bay had Administrative Review Board hearings.<a href="#cite_note-247">[246]</a> Of these, 3% were granted and were awaiting release, 20% were to be transferred, 37% were to be further detained at Guantanamo, and no decision had been made in 40% of the cases. Of two dozen <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_detainees_at_Guantanamo_Bay" title="Uyghur detainees at Guantanamo Bay">Uyghur detainees at Guantanamo Bay</a>, The Washington Post reported on 25 August 2005, fifteen were found not to be "enemy combatants."<a href="#cite_note-Wapo050824-248">[247]</a> Although cleared of terrorism, these Uyghurs remained in detention at Guantanamo because the United States refused to return them to China, fearing that China would "imprison, persecute or torture them" because of internal political issues. US officials said that their overtures to approximately 20 countries to grant the individuals asylum had been declined, leaving the men with no destination for release.<a href="#cite_note-Wapo050824-248">[247]</a> On 5 May 2006, five Uyghurs were transported to refugee camps in Albania and the Department of Justice filed an "Emergency Motion to Dismiss as Moot" on the same day.<a href="#cite_note-249">[248]</a> One of the Uyghurs' lawyers characterized the sudden transfer as an attempt "to avoid having to answer in court for keeping innocent men in jail."<a href="#cite_note-250">[249]</a><a href="#cite_note-251">[250]</a> In August 2006, Murat Kurnaz, a legal resident of Germany, was released from Guantánamo with no charges after having been held for five years.<a href="#cite_note-252">[251]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="President_Obama">President Obama</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: President Obama">edit</a>]</div> As of 15 June 2009, Guantánamo held more than 220 detainees.<a href="#cite_note-Reuters06-15-253">[252]</a> The United States was negotiating with <a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a> to accept a group of innocent Chinese Uyghur Muslims who have been held at the Guantánamo Bay.<a href="#cite_note-254">[253]</a> The Department of Justice announced on 12 June 2009, that Saudi Arabia had accepted three Uyghurs.<a href="#cite_note-Reuters06-15-253">[252]</a> The same week, one detainee was released to Iraq, and one to Chad.<a href="#cite_note-Reuters06-15-253">[252]</a> Also that week, four Uyghur detainees were resettled in <a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a>, where they were released.<a href="#cite_note-Reuters06-15-253">[252]</a> On 11 June 2009, the US Government negotiated a deal in secret with the Bermudian Premier, <a href="/wiki/Ewart_Brown" title="Ewart Brown">Ewart Brown</a>, to release four Uyghur detainees to Bermuda, an overseas territory of the UK. The detainees were flown into Bermuda under the cover of darkness. The US purposely kept the information of this transfer secret from the UK, which handles all foreign affairs and security issues for Bermuda, as it was feared that the deal would collapse. After the story was leaked by the US media, Premier Brown gave a national address to inform the people of Bermuda. Many Bermuda residents objected, as did the UK Government. It undertook an informal review of the actions; the Bermuda opposition, UBP, made a tabled vote of no confidence in Brown. Italy agreed on 15 June 2009, to accept three prisoners.<a href="#cite_note-Reuters06-15-253">[252]</a> Ireland agreed on 29 July 2009, to accept two prisoners. The same day, the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> said that its member states would accept some detainees.<a href="#cite_note-Reuters06-15-253">[252]</a> In January 2011, <a href="/wiki/WikiLeaks" title="WikiLeaks">WikiLeaks</a> revealed that Switzerland <a href="/wiki/Contents_of_the_United_States_diplomatic_cables_leak_(Region_%E2%80%94_Europe)#Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Contents of the United States diplomatic cables leak (Region — Europe)">accepted several Guantanamo detainees</a> as a quid pro quo with the U.S. to limit a multibillion tax probe against Swiss banking group <a href="/wiki/UBS" title="UBS">UBS</a>.<a href="#cite_note-255">[254]</a> In December 2009, the U.S. reported that, since 2002, more than 550 detainees had departed Guantánamo Bay for other destinations, including Albania, Algeria, Afghanistan, Australia, Bangladesh, Bahrain, Belgium, Bermuda, Chad, Denmark, Egypt, France, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Jordan, Kuwait, Libya, Maldives, Mauritania, Morocco, Pakistan, Palau, Portugal, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Sweden, Sudan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Uganda, United Kingdom, Canada, and Yemen. The <a href="/wiki/Guantanamo_Review_Task_Force" title="Guantanamo Review Task Force">Guantanamo Review Task Force</a> issued a Final Report 22 January 2010,<a href="#cite_note-finn1-256">[255]</a> but did not publicly release it until 28 May of that year.<a href="#cite_note-finn2-257">[256]</a> The report recommended releasing 126 then-current detainees to their homes or to a third country, prosecuting 36 in either federal court or by a military commission, and holding 48 indefinitely under the laws of war.<a href="#cite_note-Worthington2010-258">[257]</a> In addition, 30 Yemenis were approved for release if security conditions in their home country improve.<a href="#cite_note-finn2-257">[256]</a> Since the release of the report, over 60 detainees have been transferred to other countries, while two detainees have died in custody.<a href="#cite_note-259">[258]</a> In March 2011, President Obama issued <a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13567" title="Executive Order 13567">Executive Order 13567</a>, which created the <a href="/wiki/Periodic_Review_Board" title="Periodic Review Board">Periodic Review Board</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nyt18feb17-260">[259]</a> Senior Civil Service officials from six agencies sit on the Board and consider detainee transfers.<a href="#cite_note-nyt18feb17-260">[259]</a> Each member has a veto over any recommendation.<a href="#cite_note-nyt18feb17-260">[259]</a> Under the Obama administration, the Board examined 63 detainees, recommending 37 of those to be transferred. Of the 693 total former detainees transferred out of Guantanamo, 30% are suspected or confirmed to have engaged in terrorist activity after transfer.<a href="#cite_note-nyt18feb17-260">[259]</a> Of those detainees who were transferred out under Obama, 5.6% are confirmed and 6.8% are suspected of engaging in terrorist activity after transfer.<a href="#cite_note-nyt18feb17-260">[259]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="President_Biden">President Biden</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: President Biden">edit</a>]</div> On 19 July 2021, The U.S. Department of State under the Biden Administration released Moroccan national <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Latif_Nasir" title="Abdul Latif Nasir">Abdul Latif Nasir</a> into the custody of his home country. Nasir was the first Guantanamo detainee released since 2016 and after his departure 39 detainees still remained imprisoned.<a href="#cite_note-Davies-2021-261">[260]</a> Nasir was originally cleared for release by the Obama Administration in 2016 but remained in custody initially due to bureaucratic delays and later due to President Trump's policy changes restricting Guantanamo prisoner releases.<a href="#cite_note-262">[261]</a> A State Department spokesman stated, "The Biden Administration remains dedicated to a deliberate and thorough process focused on responsibly reducing the detainee population and ultimately closing of the Guantanamo facility."<a href="#cite_note-Davies-2021-261">[260]</a> Critics have contended that the Biden administration may not be prepared or able to fully close the prison on the basis that, "In order to close the prison, Biden would need to move all 39 detainees to other prisons or locations", and that there have not been enough concrete steps taken in order to ensure existing detainees are successfully relocated and the closing steps are carried out.<a href="#cite_note-Kaufman-2021-20">[19]</a> Over the course of spring 2022, the American government released three more detainees; <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_al-Qahtani" title="Mohammed al-Qahtani">Mohammed al-Qahtani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sufyian_Barhoumi" title="Sufyian Barhoumi">Sufyian Barhoumi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Asadullah_Haroon_Gul" class="mw-redirect" title="Asadullah Haroon Gul">Asadullah Haroon Gul</a>. In fall 2022, the government released <a href="/wiki/Saifullah_Paracha" title="Saifullah Paracha">Saifullah Paracha</a>, the oldest prisoner.<a href="#cite_note-263">[262]</a> In January 2025, the United States transferred 11 Yemeni prisoners from Guantánamo Bay to a detention facility in Oman, citing the reduced occupancy at the Guantanamo Bay facility.<a href="#cite_note-264">[263]</a> The Omani government agreed to host the detainees as part of a broader international effort to further reduce the detainee population at Guantanamo.<a href="#cite_note-265">[264]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Subsequent_actions_of_some_released_detainees">Subsequent actions of some released detainees</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Subsequent actions of some released detainees">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Lists_of_former_Guantanamo_Bay_detainees_alleged_to_have_returned_to_terrorism" title="Lists of former Guantanamo Bay detainees alleged to have returned to terrorism">Lists of former Guantanamo Bay detainees alleged to have returned to terrorism</a></div> On 8 March 2016, <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a> reported that "111 of 532 prisoners released by the administration of President George W. Bush are confirmed to have returned to the battlefield, with 74 others suspected of doing so". It further reported that "seven out of 144 Guantanamo prisoners who were freed since Obama took office in January 2009 have returned to fighting," with "number of former Guantanamo Bay prison inmates who are suspected of having returned to fighting for militants doubled to 12 in the six months through January".<a href="#cite_note-266">[265]</a> In summary, 118 of 676, or 17%, are confirmed to have returned to terrorism, with a further 86 (13%) suspected, totalling 30% known or suspected of having returned to terrorism. The government numbers are disputed, with one observer complaining the definition of "terrorism" includes giving speeches or interviews or writing books critical of the United States and their treatment at Guantanamo Bay.<a href="#cite_note-complicating-267">[266]</a> In comparison, one 2018 study found of domestic U.S. prisoners released after serving a sentence, 43.4% were arrested for another violent offense within 9 years.<a href="#cite_note-268">[267]</a> On 13 January 2009, the Pentagon said that it had evidence that 18 former detainees have had direct involvement in terrorist activities, but declined to provide their identities to the media.<a href="#cite_note-269">[268]</a> <a href="/wiki/Airat_Vakhitov" title="Airat Vakhitov">Airat Vakhitov</a> (a Tajikistan national) and <a href="/wiki/Rustam_Akhmyarov" title="Rustam Akhmyarov">Rustam Akhmyarov</a> (a Russian national) were captured in Afghanistan in December 2001 and released from Guantánamo in 2004. They were arrested on 27 August 2005 by Russian authorities in Moscow, for allegedly preparing a series of attacks in Russia. According to authorities, Vakhitov was using a local human rights group as cover for his activities.<a href="#cite_note-270">[269]</a> The men were released on 2 September 2005, and no charges were pressed.<a href="#cite_note-271">[270]</a> <a href="/wiki/Abdallah_Salih_al-Ajmi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdallah Salih al-Ajmi">Abdallah Salih al-Ajmi</a>, a Kuwaiti former detainee, committed a <a href="/wiki/Suicide_attack" title="Suicide attack">suicide attack</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul">Mosul</a>, on 25 March 2008. Al-Ajmi had been repatriated from Guantánamo in 2005, and transferred to Kuwaiti custody. A Kuwaiti court later acquitted him of terrorism charges.<a href="#cite_note-272">[271]</a><a href="#cite_note-273">[272]</a><a href="#cite_note-274">[273]</a> On 24 July 2015, Belgium detained two people that had been released from Guantánamo Bay. They were arrested by Belgian authorities on charges of terrorism: "<a href="/wiki/Mosa_Zi_Zemmori" title="Mosa Zi Zemmori">Moussa Zemmouri</a>, a 37-year-old Belgian of Moroccan origin, and an Algerian whom the prosecutor's office identified as Soufiane A".<a href="#cite_note-275">[274]</a> Both were cleared of the criminal conspiracy charges. In December 2015, the <a href="/wiki/Miami_Herald" title="Miami Herald">Miami Herald</a> reported that "Guardians of Shariah," an "offshoot of Osama bin Laden's organisation," put out a video featuring Ibrahim al Qosi as a "religious leader" in a "key position in Al-Qaida of the Arabian Peninsula" (AQAP). Al Qosi was imprisoned in Guantanamo from 2002 to 2012. At the time of his release from Guantánamo, his wife was "the daughter of a former chief bodyguard to bin Laden." Al Quosi was bin Laden's accountant in the early 90s and moved to Afghanistan with bin Laden in 1996. In 2010, Al Qosi pleaded guilty to being bin Laden's chauffeur. The AQAP video stated "he participated in the famous battle of Tora Bora" with bin Laden.<a href="#cite_note-276">[275]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Punctuation" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">check quotation syntax</a>] Paul Lewis, a Pentagon employee charged with Guantánamo closure, told lawmakers that Americans had been killed by prisoners released from Guantanamo Bay. He declined to provide details, including whether the incidents occurred before or after Obama took office in 2009. According to the Associated Press, an anonymous Obama administration official said that Lewis was referring to an incident involving an Afghan prisoner released while George W. Bush was president.<a href="#cite_note-277">[276]</a> At least two former Guantánamo Bay prisoners participated in the overthrow of the government of Afghanistan in August 2021.<a href="#cite_note-complicating-267">[266]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism_and_condemnation">Criticism and condemnation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Criticism and condemnation">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amnesty-gitmo-cell-miami-3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Amnesty-gitmo-cell-miami-3.jpg/220px-Amnesty-gitmo-cell-miami-3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Amnesty-gitmo-cell-miami-3.jpg/330px-Amnesty-gitmo-cell-miami-3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Amnesty-gitmo-cell-miami-3.jpg/440px-Amnesty-gitmo-cell-miami-3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> protests the detentions using a mock cell and prison outfits.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Louis_Megan_Jim.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="protest against US policy on torture" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Louis_Megan_Jim.jpg/220px-Louis_Megan_Jim.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Louis_Megan_Jim.jpg/330px-Louis_Megan_Jim.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Louis_Megan_Jim.jpg/440px-Louis_Megan_Jim.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1477" /></a><figcaption>Protesters at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Huachuca" title="Fort Huachuca">Ft. Huachuca</a> against the US policy of endorsing torture</figcaption></figure> European Union members and the <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_American_States" title="Organization of American States">Organization of American States</a>, as well as non-governmental organizations such as Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch, have protested the legal status and physical condition of detainees at Guantánamo. The <a href="/wiki/Non-governmental_organization" title="Non-governmental organization">human rights organization</a> Human Rights Watch has criticized the Bush administration over this designation in its 2003 world report, stating: "Washington has ignored human rights standards in its own treatment of terrorism suspects. It has refused to apply the Geneva Conventions to prisoners of war from Afghanistan, and has misused the designation of 'illegal combatant' to apply to criminal suspects on U.S. soil." On 25 May 2005, Amnesty International released its annual report calling the facility the "gulag of our times."<a href="#cite_note-gulag-42">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-278">[277]</a> <a href="/wiki/Johan_van_Zyl_Steyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Johan van Zyl Steyn">Lord Steyn</a> called it "a monstrous failure of justice," because "... The military will act as interrogators, prosecutors and defense counsel, judges, and when death sentences are imposed, as executioners. The trials will be held in private. None of the guarantees of a fair trial need be observed."<a href="#cite_note-279">[278]</a> Another senior British Judge, Mr Justice Collins, said of the detention center: "America's idea of what is torture is not the same as the United Kingdom's."<a href="#cite_note-280">[279]</a> At the beginning of December 2003, there were media reports that military lawyers appointed to defend alleged terrorists being held by the United States at Guantánamo Bay had expressed concern about the legal process for military commissions. The Guardian newspaper from the United Kingdom<a href="#cite_note-281">[280]</a> reported that a team of lawyers was dismissed after complaining that the rules for the forthcoming military commissions prohibited them from properly representing their clients. New York's <a href="/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)" title="Vanity Fair (magazine)">Vanity Fair</a> reported that some of the lawyers felt their ethical obligations were being violated by the process.<a href="#cite_note-282">[281]</a> The Pentagon strongly denied the claims in these media reports. It was reported on 5 May 2007, that many lawyers were sent back and some detainees refuse to see their lawyers, while others decline mail from their lawyers or refuse to provide information on their cases (see also <a href="/wiki/Mail_privileges_of_Guantanamo_Bay_detainees" title="Mail privileges of Guantanamo Bay detainees">Mail privileges of Guantanamo Bay detainees</a>).<a href="#cite_note-283">[282]</a> The New York Times and other newspapers are critical of the camp; columnist <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Friedman" title="Thomas Friedman">Thomas Friedman</a> urged George W. Bush to "just shut it down", calling Camp Delta "... worse than an embarrassment."<a href="#cite_note-284">[283]</a> Another New York Times editorial supported Friedman's proposal, arguing that Guantánamo is part of "... a chain of shadowy detention camps that includes Abu Ghraib in Iraq, the <a href="/wiki/Military_prison" title="Military prison">military prison</a> at <a href="/wiki/Bagram_Air_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagram Air Base">Bagram Air Base</a> in Afghanistan and other secret locations run by the intelligence agencies" that are "part of a tightly linked global detention system with no accountability in law."<a href="#cite_note-285">[284]</a> In November 2005, a group of experts from the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_Human_Rights" title="United Nations Commission on Human Rights">United Nations Commission on Human Rights</a> called off their visit to Camp Delta, originally scheduled for 6 December, saying that the United States was not allowing them to conduct private interviews with the prisoners. "Since the Americans have not accepted the minimum requirements for such a visit, we must cancel [it]," <a href="/wiki/Manfred_Nowak" title="Manfred Nowak">Manfred Nowak</a>, the UN envoy in charge of investigating torture allegations around the world, told AFP. The group, nevertheless, stated its intention to write a report on conditions at the prison based on eyewitness accounts from released detainees, meetings with lawyers and information from human rights groups.<a href="#cite_note-286">[285]</a><a href="#cite_note-287">[286]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Captive_being_escorted_for_medical_care,_December_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Captive_being_escorted_for_medical_care%2C_December_2007.jpg/220px-Captive_being_escorted_for_medical_care%2C_December_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Captive_being_escorted_for_medical_care%2C_December_2007.jpg/330px-Captive_being_escorted_for_medical_care%2C_December_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Captive_being_escorted_for_medical_care%2C_December_2007.jpg/440px-Captive_being_escorted_for_medical_care%2C_December_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Detainee being escorted</figcaption></figure> In February 2006, the UN group released its report, which called on the U.S. either to try or release all suspected terrorists. The report, issued by the <a href="/wiki/Working_Group_on_Arbitrary_Detention" title="Working Group on Arbitrary Detention">Working Group on Arbitrary Detention</a>, has the subtitle Situation of detainees at Guantánamo Bay. This includes, as an appendix, the U.S. ambassador's reply to the draft versions of the report in which he restates the U.S. government's position on the detainees.<a href="#cite_note-288">[287]</a> European leaders have also voiced their opposition to the internment center. On 13 January 2006, <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany_(Federal_Republic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chancellor of Germany (Federal Republic)">German Chancellor</a> <a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a> criticized the U.S. detention of prisoners at Guantánamo Bay: "An institution like Guantánamo, in its present form, cannot and must not exist in the long term. We must find different ways of dealing with prisoners. As far as I'm concerned, there's no question about that," she declared in a 9 January interview to <a href="/wiki/Der_Spiegel" title="Der Spiegel">Der Spiegel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-289">[288]</a><a href="#cite_note-290">[289]</a> Meanwhile, in the UK, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Hain" title="Peter Hain">Peter Hain</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Northern_Ireland" title="Secretary of State for Northern Ireland">Secretary of State for Northern Ireland</a>, stated during a live broadcast of <a href="/wiki/Question_Time_(television)" class="mw-redirect" title="Question Time (television)">Question Time</a> (16 February 2006) that: "I would prefer that it wasn't there and I would prefer it was closed." His cabinet colleague and Former <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister of the United Kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a>, declared the following day that the center was "an anomaly and sooner or later it's got to be dealt with."<a href="#cite_note-291">[290]</a> On 10 March 2006, a letter in <a href="/wiki/The_Lancet" title="The Lancet">The Lancet</a> was published, signed by more than 250 medical experts urging the United States to stop force-feeding of detainees and close down the prison. Force-feeding is specifically prohibited by the World Medical Association force-feeding declarations of Tokyo and Malta, to which the American Medical Association is a signatory. Dr <a href="/wiki/David_Nicholl_(neurologist)" title="David Nicholl (neurologist)">David Nicholl</a> who had initiated the letter stated that the definition of torture as only actions that cause "death or major <a href="/wiki/Organ_failure" class="mw-redirect" title="Organ failure">organ failure</a>" was "not a definition anyone on the planet is using."<a href="#cite_note-292">[291]</a><a href="#cite_note-293">[292]</a> There has also been significant criticism from Arab leaders: on 6 May 2005, prominent Kuwaiti parliamentarian <a href="/w/index.php?title=Waleed_Al_Tabtabaie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Waleed Al Tabtabaie (page does not exist)">Waleed Al Tabtabaie</a> demanded that U.S. President Bush "uncover what is going on inside Guantánamo," allow family visits to the hundreds of Muslim detainees there, and allow an independent investigation of detention conditions.<a href="#cite_note-294">[293]</a> In May 2006, the <a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_for_England_and_Wales" title="Attorney General for England and Wales">Attorney General for England and Wales</a> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Goldsmith,_Baron_Goldsmith" title="Peter Goldsmith, Baron Goldsmith">Lord Goldsmith</a> said the camp's existence was "unacceptable" and tarnished the U.S. traditions of liberty and justice. "The historic tradition of the United States as a beacon of freedom, liberty and of justice deserves the removal of this symbol," he said.<a href="#cite_note-295">[294]</a> Also in May 2006, the <a href="/wiki/UN_Committee_Against_Torture" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Committee Against Torture">UN Committee Against Torture</a> condemned prisoners' treatment at Guantánamo Bay, noted that <a href="/wiki/Indefinite_detention_without_trial" class="mw-redirect" title="Indefinite detention without trial">indefinite detention</a> constitutes per se a violation of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Convention_Against_Torture" title="United Nations Convention Against Torture">UN Convention Against Torture</a>, and called on the U.S. to shut down the Guantánamo facility.<a href="#cite_note-296">[295]</a><a href="#cite_note-297">[296]</a> In June 2006, the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> voted overwhelmingly in support of a motion urging the United States to close the camp.<a href="#cite_note-298">[297]</a> In June 2006, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Senator">U.S. Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/Arlen_Specter" title="Arlen Specter">Arlen Specter</a> stated that the arrests of most of the roughly 500 prisoners held there were based on "the flimsiest sort of <a href="/wiki/Hearsay" title="Hearsay">hearsay</a>."<a href="#cite_note-299">[298]</a> In September 2006, the UK's <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chancellor" title="Lord Chancellor">Lord Chancellor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lord_Falconer" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Falconer">Lord Falconer</a>, who heads the UK's legal system, went further than previous British government statements, condemning the existence of the camp as a "shocking affront to democracy." Lord Falconer, who said he was expressing Government policy, made the comments in a lecture at the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_New_South_Wales" title="Supreme Court of New South Wales">Supreme Court</a> of <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>.<a href="#cite_note-300">[299]</a> According to former U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell: "Essentially, we have shaken the belief the world had in America's justice system by keeping a place like Guantánamo open and creating things like the military commission. We don't need it and it is causing us far more damage than any good we get for it."<a href="#cite_note-301">[300]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pair_of_Omar_Khadr_demonstrators.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Pair_of_Omar_Khadr_demonstrators.jpg/220px-Pair_of_Omar_Khadr_demonstrators.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Pair_of_Omar_Khadr_demonstrators.jpg/330px-Pair_of_Omar_Khadr_demonstrators.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Pair_of_Omar_Khadr_demonstrators.jpg/440px-Pair_of_Omar_Khadr_demonstrators.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3488" data-file-height="2616" /></a><figcaption>A pair of Canadian demonstrators in 2008</figcaption></figure> In March 2007, a group of <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">British Parliamentarians</a> formed an <a href="/wiki/All-party_parliamentary_group" title="All-party parliamentary group">All-party parliamentary group</a> to campaign against Guantánamo Bay.<a href="#cite_note-302">[301]</a> The group is made up of members of parliament and <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">peers</a> from each of the main British political parties, and is chaired by <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Teather" title="Sarah Teather">Sarah Teather</a> with <a href="/wiki/Des_Turner" title="Des Turner">Des Turner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Shepherd" title="Richard Shepherd">Richard Shepherd</a> acting as Vice Chairs. The Group was launched with an Ambassadors' Reception in the <a href="/wiki/British_House_of_Commons" class="mw-redirect" title="British House of Commons">House of Commons</a>, bringing together a large group of lawyers, non-governmental organizations and governments with an interest in seeing the camp closed. On 26 April 2007, there was a debate in the United States Senate over the detainees at Guantánamo Bay that ended in a draw, with <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrats</a> urging action on the prisoners' behalf but running into stiff opposition from <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republicans</a>.<a href="#cite_note-303">[302]</a> Some visitors to Guantánamo have expressed more positive views on the camp. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alain_Grignard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alain Grignard (page does not exist)">Alain Grignard</a> [<a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alain_Grignard" class="extiw" title="nl:Alain Grignard">nl</a>], who visited Gitmo in 2006, objected to the detainees' legal status but declared that "it is a model prison, where people are better treated than in Belgian prisons."<a href="#cite_note-304">[303]</a> Grignard, then deputy head of Brussels' federal police anti-terrorism unit, served as expert on a trip by a group of lawmakers from the assembly of the <a href="/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe" title="Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe">Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe</a> (OSCE). "I know no Belgian prison where each inmate receives its Muslim kit," Mr. Grignard said. According to polls conducted by the Program on International Policy (PIP) attitudes, "Large majorities in Germany and Great Britain, and pluralities in Poland and India, believe the United States has committed violations of <a href="/wiki/International_law" title="International law">international law</a> at its prison on Guantánamo Bay in Cuba, including the use of torture in <a href="/wiki/Interrogation" title="Interrogation">interrogations</a>." PIP found a marked decrease in the perception of the U.S. as a leader of human rights as a result of the international community's opposition to the Guantánamo prison.<a href="#cite_note-305">[304]</a> A 2006 poll conducted by the <a href="/wiki/BBC_World_Service" title="BBC World Service">BBC World Service</a> together with <a href="/wiki/GlobeScan" title="GlobeScan">GlobeScan</a> in 26 countries found that 69% of respondents disapprove of the Guantánamo prison and the U.S. treatment of detainees.<a href="#cite_note-306">[305]</a> American actions in Guantánamo, coupled with the Abu Ghraib scandal, are considered major factors in the decline of the U.S.'s image abroad.<a href="#cite_note-307">[306]</a> Michael Lehnert, who as a U.S. Marine Brigadier General helped establish the center and was its first commander for 90 days, has stated that was dismayed at what happened after he was replaced by a U.S. Army commander. Lehnert stated that he had ensured that the detainees would be treated humanely and was disappointed that his successors allowed harsh interrogations to take place. Said Lehnert, "I think we lost the moral high ground. For those who do not think much of the moral high ground, that is not that significant. But for those who think our standing in the international community is important, we need to stand for American values. You have to walk the walk, talk the talk."<a href="#cite_note-308">[307]</a> In a foreword<a href="#cite_note-309">[308]</a> to Amnesty International's International Report 2005,<a href="#cite_note-310">[309]</a> the Secretary General, <a href="/wiki/Irene_Khan" title="Irene Khan">Irene Khan</a>, made a passing reference to the Guantánamo Bay prison as "the gulag of our times," breaking an internal policy on not comparing different human rights abuses. The report reflected ongoing claims of prisoner abuse at Guantánamo and other military prisons.<a href="#cite_note-311">[310]</a> Former Soviet-era "gulag" prisoner, <a href="/wiki/Pavel_Litvinov" title="Pavel Litvinov">Pavel Litvinov</a>, criticized the analogy saying, "By any standard, Guantanamo and similar American-run prisons elsewhere do not resemble, in their conditions of detention or their scale, the concentration camp system that was at the core of a totalitarian communist system."<a href="#cite_note-312">[311]</a> The comparison has been supported by some including <a href="/wiki/Edmund_McWilliams" title="Edmund McWilliams">Edmund McWilliams</a>,<a href="#cite_note-313">[312]</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_F._Schulz" title="William F. Schulz">William F. Schulz</a>. In 2011 an article was published in Australian Folklore: A Yearly Journal of Folklore Studies that in part explored the way that the international image of the American government was shifting due to Guantánamo prison,<a href="#cite_note-314">[313]</a> yet in February 2012 poll 70% of Americans (including 53% of self-described liberal Democrats and 67% of moderate or conservative Democrats) replied they approve the continued operation of Guantanamo.<a href="#cite_note-315">[314]</a> <a href="/wiki/Morris_%22Moe%22_Davis" class="mw-redirect" title="Morris "Moe" Davis">Morris "Moe" Davis</a>, the former chief prosecutor for the terrorism trials at Guantanamo Bay, resigned in 2007 over objections regarding evidence obtained from waterboarding, which he viewed as a form of torture. Davis's 2013 <a href="/wiki/Change.org" title="Change.org">Change.org</a> e-petition to close Guantanamo has garnered over 220,000 signatures, and mentions the hunger strikes that "involves more than 100 prisoners, including some 21 who are being force-fed to keep them from starving to death."<a href="#cite_note-316">[315]</a><a href="#cite_note-317">[316]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Rally_to_Close_Guantanamo_1116322.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Rally_to_Close_Guantanamo_1116322.jpg/200px-Rally_to_Close_Guantanamo_1116322.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Rally_to_Close_Guantanamo_1116322.jpg/300px-Rally_to_Close_Guantanamo_1116322.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Rally_to_Close_Guantanamo_1116322.jpg/400px-Rally_to_Close_Guantanamo_1116322.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Rally_to_Close_Guantanamo_1116318.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Rally_to_Close_Guantanamo_1116318.jpg/200px-Rally_to_Close_Guantanamo_1116318.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Rally_to_Close_Guantanamo_1116318.jpg/300px-Rally_to_Close_Guantanamo_1116318.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Rally_to_Close_Guantanamo_1116318.jpg/400px-Rally_to_Close_Guantanamo_1116318.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Protests to close Guantanamo Bay detention camp in 2017</div></div></div></div> On 12 December 2013, retired U.S. Marine Major General <a href="/wiki/Michael_R._Lehnert" title="Michael R. Lehnert">Michael R. Lehnert</a>, who oversaw the construction of the Guantánamo detention facility, published an op-ed piece in the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Free_Press" title="Detroit Free Press">Detroit Free Press</a>. He characterized the Guantanamo as "our nation's most notorious prison – a prison that should never have been opened", and provided a brief summary of its history and significance: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">Our nation created Guantánamo because we were legitimately angry and frightened by an unprovoked attack on our soil on Sept. 11, 2001. We thought that the detainees would provide a treasure trove of information and intelligence. I was ordered to construct the first 100 cells at Guantánamo within 96 hours. The first group of 20 prisoners arrived seven days after the order was given. We were told that the prisoners were the "worst of the worst," a common refrain for every set of detainees sent to Guantánamo. The U.S. has held 779 men at the detention facility over the past 12 years. There are currently 162 men there, most of them cleared for transfer, but stuck by politics. Even in the earliest days of Guantánamo, I became more and more convinced that many of the detainees should never have been sent in the first place. They had little intelligence value, and there was insufficient evidence linking them to war crimes. That remains the case today for many, if not most, of the detainees.<a href="#cite_note-318">[317]</a></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:308px;max-width:308px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Rally_to_Close_Guantanamo_1111305.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Rally_to_Close_Guantanamo_1111305.jpg/150px-Rally_to_Close_Guantanamo_1111305.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Rally_to_Close_Guantanamo_1111305.jpg/225px-Rally_to_Close_Guantanamo_1111305.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Rally_to_Close_Guantanamo_1111305.jpg/300px-Rally_to_Close_Guantanamo_1111305.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3632" data-file-height="2738" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Rally_to_Close_Guantanamo_1111328.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Rally_to_Close_Guantanamo_1111328.jpg/150px-Rally_to_Close_Guantanamo_1111328.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Rally_to_Close_Guantanamo_1111328.jpg/225px-Rally_to_Close_Guantanamo_1111328.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Rally_to_Close_Guantanamo_1111328.jpg/300px-Rally_to_Close_Guantanamo_1111328.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Protests to close Guantanamo Bay detention camp in 2019</div></div></div></div> In September 2016, Alberto Mora, who served as General Counsel of the Department of the Navy from 2001 to 2006, wrote that his team's research on the torture policy's broader implications revealed that "it greatly damaged national security. It incited extremism in the Middle East, hindered cooperation with U.S. allies, exposed American officials to legal repercussions, undermined U.S. diplomacy, and offered a convenient justification for other governments to commit human rights abuses."<a href="#cite_note-319">[318]</a> In 2022, lawyer and constitutional scholar <a href="/wiki/Baher_Azmy" title="Baher Azmy">Baher Azmy</a> wrote that the legal and rhetorical justifications for the authoritarian turn in Donald Trump's presidential administrations have their roots in the precedents set by Guantanamo Bay, saying "The American exceptionalism Bush deployed—to invade Muslim countries, create lawless prison sites, target an entire class of domestic residents on the basis of ethnicity and religious affiliation, and authorize torture—seamlessly morphed into the vulgar and explicit ethnonationalism of the Trump administration, which expanded executive claims to justify innumerable norm transgressions of its own."<a href="#cite_note-320">[319]</a> In June 2023, United Nations Special Rapporteur on Human Rights and Counter-Terrorism, <a href="/wiki/Fionnuala_N%C3%AD_Aol%C3%A1in" title="Fionnuala Ní Aoláin">Fionnuala Ní Aoláin</a> released her final report on the detention center. The report concludes that prisoners endure "ongoing cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment" and that the detention center should be closed.<a href="#cite_note-321">[320]</a><a href="#cite_note-322">[321]</a><a href="#cite_note-323">[322]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plans_for_closing_of_camp">Plans for closing of camp</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Plans for closing of camp">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="President_Obama's_attempt">President Obama's attempt</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: President Obama's attempt">edit</a>]</div> During his 2008 presidential campaign, Barack Obama described Guantánamo as a "sad chapter in American history" and promised to close down the prison in 2009. After being elected, Obama reiterated his campaign promise on <a href="/wiki/60_Minutes" title="60 Minutes">60 Minutes</a> and the <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a> program <a href="/wiki/This_Week_(ABC_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="This Week (ABC TV series)">This Week</a>.<a href="#cite_note-324">[323]</a> However, his attempts were largely stymied by Republican opposition in Congress.<a href="#cite_note-:2-325">[324]</a> On 22 January 2009, Obama stated that he had ordered the government to suspend prosecutions of Guantánamo Bay detainees for 120 days to review all the detainees' cases to determine whether and how each detainee should be prosecuted. A day later, Obama signed an executive order stating that Guantánamo Detention Camp would be closed within the year.<a href="#cite_note-GitmoClose-49">[48]</a> His plan encountered a setback when incoming officials of his administration discovered that there were no comprehensive files concerning many of the detainees, so that merely assembling the available evidence about them could take weeks or months.<a href="#cite_note-326">[325]</a> In May, Obama announced that the prosecutions would be revived.<a href="#cite_note-327">[326]</a> On 20 May 2009, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> passed an amendment to the <a href="/wiki/Supplemental_Appropriations_Act,_2009" title="Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2009">Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2009</a> (H.R. 2346) by a 90–6 vote to block funds needed for the transfer or release of prisoners held at the Guantanamo Bay detention camp.<a href="#cite_note-Taylor-48">[47]</a> In November 2009, Obama admitted that the "specific deadline" he had set for closure of the Guantanamo Bay camp would be "missed." He said the camp would probably be closed later in 2010, but did not set a specific deadline.<a href="#cite_note-328">[327]</a><a href="#cite_note-329">[328]</a> In May 2009, <a href="/wiki/Carol_Rosenberg" title="Carol Rosenberg">Carol Rosenberg</a>, writing in <a href="/wiki/The_Miami_Herald" class="mw-redirect" title="The Miami Herald">The Miami Herald</a>, reported that the camps would not be immediately dismantled when the detainees are released or transferred, due to ongoing cases alleging abuse of detainees.<a href="#cite_note-330">[329]</a> In August 2009, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Disciplinary_Barracks" title="United States Disciplinary Barracks">U.S. Disciplinary Barracks</a> at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Leavenworth" title="Fort Leavenworth">Fort Leavenworth</a>, Kansas, and the <a href="/wiki/Standish_Maximum_Correctional_Facility" title="Standish Maximum Correctional Facility">Standish Maximum Correctional Facility</a> in <a href="/wiki/Standish,_Michigan" title="Standish, Michigan">Standish, Michigan</a> were considered potential sites for transfers of over 220 prisoners. Kansas public officials, including both of its senators and governor, objected to transferring prisoners to the former.<a href="#cite_note-331">[330]</a> Many in Standish, however, welcomed the move to the latter.<a href="#cite_note-332">[331]</a> Obama issued a presidential memorandum dated 15 December 2009, formally closing the detention center and ordering the transfer of prisoners to the <a href="/wiki/Thomson_Correctional_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomson Correctional Center">Thomson Correctional Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Thomson,_Illinois" title="Thomson, Illinois">Thomson, Illinois</a> (now United States Penitentiary, Thomson).<a href="#cite_note-GitmoClose-49">[48]</a> Attorney Marc Falkoff, who represents some of the <a href="/wiki/Yemeni_captives_in_Guantanamo" class="mw-redirect" title="Yemeni captives in Guantanamo">Yemeni detainees</a>, said that his clients might prefer to remain in Guantanamo rather than move into the more stark conditions at Thomson.<a href="#cite_note-333">[332]</a> Illinois Senator Dick Durbin's office announced on 2 October 2012 that the Obama administration and <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Prisons" title="Federal Bureau of Prisons">Federal Bureau of Prisons</a> would buy the Thomson Correctional Center from Illinois for $165 million.<a href="#cite_note-334">[333]</a><a href="#cite_note-335">[334]</a><a href="#cite_note-336">[335]</a> An administration official said the deal was to address overcrowding issues, and Thomson would not be used to house any Guantánamo detainees, which the official noted was prohibited by law. "The entire facility will house only [Bureau of Prison] inmates (up to 2,800) and be operated solely by BOP. Specifically, it will be used for administrative maximum security inmates and others who have proven difficult to manage in high-security institutions," said the official, who asked not to be named.<a href="#cite_note-337">[336]</a> This statement was echoed in letter from <a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">U.S. Attorney General</a> <a href="/wiki/Eric_Holder" title="Eric Holder">Eric Holder</a>. "I have committed that no Guantanamo detainees will be transferred to Thomson. As you know, any such transfer would violate express legal statutory prohibitions," Holder said in a letter to Representative Frank Wolf, who fought the proposal.<a href="#cite_note-338">[337]</a> The Guantanamo Review Task Force issued a final report on 22 January 2010,<a href="#cite_note-finn1-256">[255]</a> released on 28 May 2010.<a href="#cite_note-finn2-257">[256]</a> The report recommended releasing 126 current detainees to their homes or to a third country, 36 be prosecuted in either federal court or a military commission, and 48 be held indefinitely under the laws of war.<a href="#cite_note-Worthington2010-258">[257]</a> In addition, 30 Yemenis were approved for release if security conditions in their home country improve.<a href="#cite_note-finn2-257">[256]</a> On 7 January 2011, President Obama signed the 2011 Defense Authorization Bill which contains provisions that place restrictions on the transfer of Guantánamo prisoners to the mainland or to other foreign countries, thus impeding the closure of the detention facility. The bill prohibits the use of funds to "modify or construct facilities in the United States to house detainees transferred from" Guantánamo Bay.<a href="#cite_note-339">[338]</a><a href="#cite_note-340">[339]</a> He strongly objected to the clauses and stated that he would work with Congress to oppose the measures.<a href="#cite_note-Obamasigns2011-51">[50]</a> Regarding the provisions preventing the transfer of Guantánamo prisoners to the mainland, Obama wrote in a statement that the "prosecution of terrorists in Federal court is a powerful tool in our efforts to protect the Nation and must be among the options available to us. Any attempt to deprive the executive branch of that tool undermines our Nation's counterterrorism efforts and has the potential to harm our national security."<a href="#cite_note-BarackObama2011-341">[340]</a> Obama's order included provisions preventing the transfer of Guantánamo prisoners to other foreign countries, writing that requiring the executive branch to "certify to additional conditions would hinder the conduct of delicate negotiations with foreign countries and therefore the effort to conclude detainee transfers in accord with our national security."<a href="#cite_note-BarackObama2011-341">[340]</a> Obama signed the 2011 Defense Authorization Bill, but nevertheless the Obama administration "will work with the Congress to seek repeal of these restrictions, will seek to mitigate their effects, and will oppose any attempt to extend or expand them in the future," the president's statement said.<a href="#cite_note-342">[341]</a><a href="#cite_note-343">[342]</a> On 7 March 2011, Obama gave the green light to resume military trials, conducted by military officers, with a military judge presiding, of terror suspects detained at Guantánamo Bay.<a href="#cite_note-344">[343]</a> He also signed an executive order that requires a review of detainees' status "within a year and every four years after that to determine whether they remain a threat... [and] scheduled for a military trial or should be released."<a href="#cite_note-Pilkington-345">[344]</a><a href="#cite_note-Shane-2011-346">[345]</a> The order required compliance with the Geneva Conventions and the international treaty banning torture and inhumane treatment.<a href="#cite_note-Pilkington-345">[344]</a><a href="#cite_note-Shane-2011-346">[345]</a><a href="#cite_note-347">[346]</a><a href="#cite_note-348">[347]</a><a href="#cite_note-349">[348]</a><a href="#cite_note-350">[349]</a> The delay of Guantánamo Bay's closing resulted in some controversy among the public. On 12 December 2011, The New York Times published an op-ed written by retired United States Marine Corps Generals <a href="/wiki/Charles_C._Krulak" title="Charles C. Krulak">Charles C. Krulak</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Hoar" title="Joseph P. Hoar">Joseph P. Hoar</a>. The two criticized how a provision of the <a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Authorization_Act_for_Fiscal_Year_2012" title="National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012">National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012</a> (NDAA) would extend a ban on transfers from Guantánamo, "ensuring that this morally and financially expensive symbol of detainee abuse [would] remain open well into the future." Both argued the move would bolster Al Qaeda's recruiting efforts and make it "nearly impossible" to transfer 88 men (of the 171 held there) who had been cleared for release.<a href="#cite_note-351">[350]</a> On 31 December, after signing NDAA, Obama voiced his concerns regarding certain provisions of the act including Section 1027, which "renews the bar against using appropriated funds for fiscal year 2012 to transfer Guantánamo detainees into the United States for any purpose." He continued to state opposition to the provision, which he argued "intrudes upon critical executive branch authority to determine when and where to prosecute Guantánamo detainees, based on the facts and the circumstances of each case and our national security interests. [...] Moreover, this intrusion would, under certain circumstances, violate constitutional <a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers" title="Separation of powers">separation of powers</a> principles."<a href="#cite_note-Woolley_20111231-352">[351]</a> Obama closed his concerns by stating his administration would "aggressively seek to mitigate those concerns through the design of implementation procedures and other authorities available to me as chief executive and Commander in Chief, will oppose any attempt to extend or expand them in the future, and will seek the repeal of any provisions that undermine the policies and values that have guided my Administration throughout my time in office."<a href="#cite_note-Woolley_20111231-352">[351]</a> In early July 2012, reports surfaced saying Guantánamo Bay was getting an estimated $40 million communications upgrade because the outdated satellite communications system was overburdened with the military court hearing the cases of war-on-terrorism suspects, as well as by the ongoing detention operations. These reports therefore indicated the US military was preparing for long-term operations at Guantánamo,<a href="#cite_note-353">[352]</a> but they were denied by Army Lt. Col. Todd Breasseale, a spokesman for the Guantánamo military commissions. He said the communications upgrade project is meant to serve the Guantanamo naval station rather than the detention camp, which Washington still "has plans" to close.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] On 3 July 2012, ABC News reported setbacks in Congress, as well as a need to focus on a stagnant economy in the United States, had made the issue of closing the detention camp a lesser priority. The channel also asked Obama if he planned on ever closing Guantanamo Bay, to which he replied he did. Some blamed Congress for the delay in closing the detention camp, while others blamed the president. National Security Council spokesman Tommy Vietor said in a statement, "Obviously Congress has taken a number of steps to prevent the closure of the prison at Guantánamo Bay, but the President still believes it's in our national security interest and will keep trying". In the same interview, however, senior ACLU attorney <a href="/wiki/Zachary_Katznelson" class="mw-redirect" title="Zachary Katznelson">Zachary Katznelson</a> argued Obama had "enough control and power that he [could have gotten those] men out today if he [had] the political will to do so."<a href="#cite_note-354">[353]</a> On 21 September 2012, the US government disclosed the names of 55 of the 86 prisoners cleared for transfer from Guantánamo Bay prison. All of the names publicized were those of prisoners that Obama's inter-agency Guantanamo Bay Review Task Force had approved for release from the prison. Previously, the government had maintained the names of prisoners cleared could not be made public because it would interfere with diplomatic efforts to repatriate or resettle prisoners in their home country or other countries.<a href="#cite_note-355">[354]</a> In November 2012, the Senate voted 54–41 to prevent detainees from being transferred to the US.<a href="#cite_note-356">[355]</a> At the end of December 2013, President Obama stated he has not given up the idea of trying terror suspects housed at Guantanamo Bay in United States courts. "The executive branch must have the authority to determine when and where to prosecute Guantanamo detainees, based on the facts and circumstances of each case and our national security interests," Obama wrote in a signing statement attached to a new defense authorization bill<a href="#cite_note-357">[356]</a> called the National Defense Authorization Act for fiscal 2014 which relaxed restrictions on transferring detainees from the U.S. prison at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, to the custody of foreign governments.<a href="#cite_note-358">[357]</a> On 20 January 2015, during the <a href="/wiki/2015_State_of_the_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="2015 State of the Union">2015 State of the Union</a> address, Obama stated Guantánamo Bay "is not who we are" and that it was "time to close Gitmo". A little less than a week later, <a href="/wiki/The_Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="The Huffington Post">The Huffington Post</a> published an article by <a href="/wiki/Tom_Hayden" title="Tom Hayden">Tom Hayden</a> arguing Guantánamo Bay would be best closed by returning the base to Cuban sovereignty, arguing it is "where [Guantánamo Bay] belongs historically."<a href="#cite_note-359">[358]</a> On 4 November 2015, Obama stated that he was preparing to unveil a plan to close the camp and move some prisoners to US soil. The plan proposed one or more prisons from a working list that included facilities in Kansas, Colorado and South Carolina. Two others that were on the list, in California and Washington state, didn't appear to have made the preliminary cut.<a href="#cite_note-Lisa_Mascaro-2015-54">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-360">[359]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>] On 23 February 2016, Obama stated that years after Congress disagreed to[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vagueness" title="Wikipedia:Vagueness">vague</a>] close the camp, it has come to a conclusion of closing the camp. The exact time frame of the camp closing was not revealed.<a href="#cite_note-361">[360]</a> At 23 February 2016, there were 91 prisoners in Guantánamo. From these 35 were recommended for transfer if security conditions could be met. The remaining prisoners were expected to be brought to U.S. facilities in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-362">[361]</a><a href="#cite_note-WP20160223-363">[362]</a><a href="#cite_note-364">[363]</a><a href="#cite_note-365">[364]</a> If brought to the United States, some of those detainees would continue through military commissions; others might face trial in civilian courts.<a href="#cite_note-WP20160223-363">[362]</a> 13 potential facilities in the United States that might be used to house detainees were reviewed by the Obama administration, but their names were not revealed.<a href="#cite_note-WP20160223-363">[362]</a> This information was published because Congress had asked the administration to provide information about where and how the administration intended to hold existing and future detainees, if Guantanamo was closed.<a href="#cite_note-366">[365]</a> Obama's plan was rejected by several Republicans in Congress.<a href="#cite_note-367">[366]</a> On 15 August 2016, 15 prisoners were transferred from the prison.<a href="#cite_note-368">[367]</a> Twelve Yemeni nationals and 3 Afghans were transferred to the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>, bringing the total number of prisoners to 61 with 20 more cleared for transfer. Obama did not close the prison before leaving office but had reduced the number of prisoners to 41.<a href="#cite_note-Rosenberg-16">[15]</a> In December 2024 The US. transferred two Malaysian detainees from Guantanamo Bay to Malaysia after they pleaded guilty to charges related to the 2002 Bali bombings and agreed to testify against the alleged ringleader. Additionally, a Kenyan detainee held for 17 years without charge was repatriated. These transfers come amid calls to end the detention of remaining Guantanamo prisoners and uncertainty over future policies.<a href="#cite_note-369">[368]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="President_Trump's_statements">President Trump's statements</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: President Trump's statements">edit</a>]</div> President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> vowed to keep the prison open and to use it to detain terrorists, potentially including American supporters of <a href="/wiki/ISIS" class="mw-redirect" title="ISIS">ISIS</a>.<a href="#cite_note-370">[369]</a> On 30 January 2018, just before delivering his State of the Union address, Trump signed an executive order to keep the prison open indefinitely.<a href="#cite_note-TrumpOrder-18">[17]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="President_Biden's_review">President Biden's review</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: President Biden's review">edit</a>]</div> On 11 February 2021, US President Joe Biden announced a formal review of the camp, with a stated goal of closing it by the end of his term.<a href="#cite_note-:2-325">[324]</a> At the time, there were 40 prisoners at the camp, most of whom had been held for nearly two decades without being charged or tried.<a href="#cite_note-:2-325">[324]</a> As of March 2022, one prisoner, <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_al-Qahtani" title="Mohammed al-Qahtani">Mohammed al-Qahtani</a>, was expatriated to Saudi Arabia, bringing the total number of prisoners at Guantanamo Bay to 38.<a href="#cite_note-371">[370]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media_representations">Media representations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Media representations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="width: 210px; clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Camp_America_gate_-_Guantanamo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Camp_America_gate_-_Guantanamo.jpg/210px-Camp_America_gate_-_Guantanamo.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Camp_America_gate_-_Guantanamo.jpg/315px-Camp_America_gate_-_Guantanamo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Camp_America_gate_-_Guantanamo.jpg/420px-Camp_America_gate_-_Guantanamo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="364" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3hrKW0Y0l50">Forever Prison</a>, 14:25, 2017, <a href="/wiki/Retro_Report" title="Retro Report">Retro Report</a><a href="#cite_note-372">[371]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film,_television,_and_videos">Film, television, and videos</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Film, television, and videos">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>NCIS: "<a href="/wiki/Minimum_Security_(NCIS)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minimum Security (NCIS)">Minimum Security</a>" (2003),<a href="#cite_note-373">[372]</a> <a href="/wiki/NCIS_(TV_series)" title="NCIS (TV series)">NCIS</a> is an American police procedural drama television series featuring agents from the <a href="/wiki/Naval_Criminal_Investigative_Service" title="Naval Criminal Investigative Service">Naval Criminal Investigative Service</a>. The agents are investigating a case that involved in a possible terrorist plot concerning a prisoner at the camp and also a member of the family of Osama Bin Laden.</li> <li>Frontline: "The Torture Question" (2005),<a href="#cite_note-374">[373]</a> a <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a> documentary that traces the history of how decisions made in Washington, D.C. in the immediate aftermath of 11 September 2001 led to a robust interrogation policy that laid the groundwork for prisoner abuse in <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%93present)#War_crimes" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–present)">Afghanistan</a>, Guantánamo Bay, Cuba, and Iraq's <a href="/wiki/Abu_Ghraib_prison" title="Abu Ghraib prison">Abu Ghraib prison</a>.<a href="#cite_note-375">[374]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gitmo_%E2%80%93_The_New_Rules_of_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Gitmo – The New Rules of War">Gitmo – The New Rules of War</a> (2006), a Swedish documentary by <a href="/wiki/Erik_Gandini" title="Erik Gandini">Erik Gandini</a> and Tarik Saleh/ATMO that raises some of the issues concerning the nature of the interrogation processes, through interviews with previous Guantánamo and Abu Ghraib personnel; it has won several awards including 1st prize at the 2006 <a href="/wiki/Seattle_International_Film_Festival" title="Seattle International Film Festival">Seattle International Film Festival</a>.</li> <li>Guantanamo – American Officer Tortures Prisoners and Murders Investigator in an Iranian TV Drama (2006), Iranian drama shown on <a href="/wiki/Al-Kawthar_TV" title="Al-Kawthar TV">Al-Kawthar TV</a> and noted by the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Media_Research_Institute" title="Middle East Media Research Institute">Middle East Media Research Institute</a><a href="#cite_note-376">[375]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prisoner_345" title="Prisoner 345">Prisoner 345</a> (2006) details the case of <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_Media_Network" title="Al Jazeera Media Network">Al Jazeera</a> cameraman <a href="/wiki/Sami_Al_Hajj" class="mw-redirect" title="Sami Al Hajj">Sami Al Hajj</a>, detained at the camp from 2001 to 2008.</li> <li>Guantanamo – unplugged (2006), a first-hand view of the prison facilities by Stephan Bachenheimer, winner of the International Video Journalism Award 2006, English/German<a href="#cite_note-377">[376]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Road_to_Guant%C3%A1namo" title="The Road to Guantánamo">The Road to Guantánamo</a> (2006), a film about the <a href="/wiki/Tipton_Three" title="Tipton Three">Tipton Three</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxi_to_the_Dark_Side" title="Taxi to the Dark Side">Taxi to the Dark Side</a> (2007), an in-depth look at the torture practices, focusing on <a href="/wiki/Dilawar_(torture_victim)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dilawar (torture victim)">Dilwar, an innocent taxi driver</a> in Afghanistan who was tortured and killed in 2002</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_%26_Kumar_Escape_from_Guantanamo_Bay" title="Harold & Kumar Escape from Guantanamo Bay">Harold & Kumar Escape from Guantanamo Bay</a> (2008), comedy film</li> <li>Witness to Guantanamo (2009), an ongoing project filming in-depth interviews with former detainees and other voices of Guantanamo, and creating a free archive of these stories for future generations<a href="#cite_note-378">[377]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inside_Guantanamo" title="Inside Guantanamo">Inside Guantanamo</a> (2009), a <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society">National Geographic</a> film of what it is like inside Guantanamo Bay</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_(2009_film)" title="New York (2009 film)">New York</a> (2009), an <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indian</a> movie about an <a href="/wiki/Indian_Americans" title="Indian Americans">Indian American</a> <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> being detained at the prison</li> <li>Outside the Law: Stories From Guantanamo (2009), a British documentary, featuring interviews with previous Guantánamo detainees, a former U.S. military chaplain at Guantánamo Bay and human rights organisations such as Cageprisoners Ltd.<a href="#cite_note-379">[378]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Real_News" class="mw-redirect" title="The Real News">The Real News</a>: "Protest Against Obama Guantanamo Policy" (16 January 2011)<a href="#cite_note-380">[379]</a></li> <li>Shaker Aamer: A Decade of Injustice (2012), a short film by Spectacle to mark the 10th anniversary of the detention of Shaker Aamer at Guantanamo Bay.<a href="#cite_note-381">[380]</a></li> <li>5 Years (2013), Germany. Directed by: Stefan Schaller; screenplay: Stefan Schaller, <a href="/wiki/David_Finck" title="David Finck">David Finck</a>; cinematography: Armin Franzen; cast: Sascha Alexander Gersak, <a href="/wiki/Ben_Miles" title="Ben Miles">Ben Miles</a>, and others; 96 minutes; color; genre: <a href="/wiki/Thriller_film" title="Thriller film">thriller</a>. The film is based on the autobiography of <a href="/wiki/Murat_Kurnaz" title="Murat Kurnaz">Murat Kurnaz</a>, a German-Turkish man who was held unjustly in Guantanamo for five years.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_X-Ray_(film)" title="Camp X-Ray (film)">Camp X-Ray</a> (2014), a film starring <a href="/wiki/Kristen_Stewart" title="Kristen Stewart">Kristen Stewart</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peyman_Moaadi" class="mw-redirect" title="Peyman Moaadi">Peyman Moaadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Ship_(TV_series)" title="The Last Ship (TV series)">The Last Ship</a> (2014) shows a naval ship <a href="/wiki/USS_Nathan_James" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Nathan James">USS Nathan James</a> and her crew landing at Guantanamo Bay to retrieve medical supplies, fuel, and food. During the mission they are ambushed by prisoners who broke out after the virus began spreading.</li> <li>The animated series <a href="/wiki/Ben_10:_Ultimate_Alien" title="Ben 10: Ultimate Alien">Ben 10: Ultimate Alien</a> portrayed <a href="/wiki/Area_51" title="Area 51">Area 51</a> as a prison for aliens. The episode that features this prison ("Prisoner Number 775 is Missing") was co-written by <a href="/wiki/Dwayne_McDuffie" title="Dwayne McDuffie">Dwayne McDuffie</a> as an intentional reference to Guantanamo Bay, a subject that made him furious.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mauritanian" title="The Mauritanian">The Mauritanian</a> (2021), a film starring <a href="/wiki/Jodie_Foster" title="Jodie Foster">Jodie Foster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tahar_Rahim" title="Tahar Rahim">Tahar Rahim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shailene_Woodley" title="Shailene Woodley">Shailene Woodley</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Benedict_Cumberbatch" title="Benedict Cumberbatch">Benedict Cumberbatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Are_Not_Ghouls" title="We Are Not Ghouls">We Are Not Ghouls</a> (2022), a documentary about Lieutenant-Colonel Yvonne Bradley's work to free Guantanamo Bay detainee <a href="/wiki/Binyam_Mohamed" title="Binyam Mohamed">Binyam Mohamed</a>.<a href="#cite_note-382">[381]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabiye_Kurnaz_vs._George_W._Bush" title="Rabiye Kurnaz vs. George W. Bush">Rabiye Kurnaz vs. George W. Bush</a> (2022), Germany. Directed by <a href="/wiki/Andreas_Dresen" title="Andreas Dresen">Andreas Dresen</a>; screenplay by Laila Stieler; cinematography by Andreas Höfer; starring <a href="/wiki/Meltem_Kaptan" title="Meltem Kaptan">Meltem Kaptan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Scheer" title="Alexander Scheer">Alexander Scheer</a> among others; 118 minutes; color; genre: <a href="/wiki/Drama_(film_and_television)" title="Drama (film and television)">Drama</a>. The film tells the story of <a href="/wiki/Murat_Kurnaz" title="Murat Kurnaz">Murat Kurnaz</a>'s mother and her fight against the American justice system to free her son from Guantanamo Bay.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Games">Games</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Games">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>In <a href="/wiki/Tom_Clancy%27s_Splinter_Cell:_Blacklist" title="Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Blacklist">Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Blacklist</a> (2013), the player is tasked with infiltrating and escaping from Guantanamo Bay</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Metal_Gear_Solid_V:_Ground_Zeroes" title="Metal Gear Solid V: Ground Zeroes">Metal Gear Solid V: Ground Zeroes</a> (2014), overall gameplay includes one mission requiring the player to extract two prisoners from the fictional "Camp Omega," a stand-in for Guantanamo Bay, in early 1975</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_Third" title="Devil's Third">Devil's Third</a> (2015), the protagonist is held in an underground section of Guantanamo Bay, later escaping during a riot</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Literature">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Five Years of My Life: An Innocent Man in Guantanamo (2008), a memoir by <a href="/wiki/Murat_Kurnaz" title="Murat Kurnaz">Murat Kurnaz</a></li> <li>Prisonnier à Guantanamo (2008), by Mollah <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Salam_Zaeef" title="Abdul Salam Zaeef">Abdul Salam Zaeef</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jean-Michel_Caradec%27h" title="Jean-Michel Caradec'h">Jean-Michel Caradec'h</a>, memoirs of the ex-ambassador of Taliban government in Pakistan<a href="#cite_note-383">[382]</a></li> <li>Guantanamo Diary: <a href="/wiki/Mohamedou_Ould_Slahi" title="Mohamedou Ould Slahi">Mohamedou Ould Slahi</a> edited by (Larry Siems) (2015), a memoir by a Guantanamo detainee</li> <li>American Poets Against the War (2008), an anthology edited by <a href="/wiki/Christian_Narkiewicz-Laine" title="Christian Narkiewicz-Laine">Christian Narkiewicz-Laine</a></li> <li>Guantanamo Naval Base by <a href="/wiki/Alfred_de_Zayas" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred de Zayas">Alfred de Zayas</a> in Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law, edited by (Rüdiger Wolfrum) (2012), Oxford, pp. 632–637, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-929168-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-929168-7">978-0-19-929168-7</a>.</li> <li>Human Rights and Indefinite Detention (2005), by <a href="/wiki/Alfred_de_Zayas" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred de Zayas">Alfred de Zayas</a> in International Review of the Red Cross, ISSN: 1816-3831</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Music">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Ball_and_Chain_(The_Who_song)" title="Ball and Chain (The Who song)">Ball and Chain</a>," the debut song from <a href="/wiki/The_Who" title="The Who">The Who</a>'s album <a href="/wiki/Who_(album)" title="Who (album)">Who</a> (2019)</li> <li>"A Base de Guantanamo (The Guantánamo Bay)," the sixth song of <a href="/wiki/Caetano_Veloso" title="Caetano Veloso">Caetano Veloso</a>'s album <a href="/wiki/Zii_e_Zie" title="Zii e Zie">Zii e Zie</a> (2009)</li> <li>The name of <a href="/wiki/Jello_Biafra_and_the_Guantanamo_School_of_Medicine" title="Jello Biafra and the Guantanamo School of Medicine">Jello Biafra and the Guantanamo School of Medicine</a>, a punk rock band founded in 2008, refers to Guantanamo Bay.</li> <li>"Pame (Guantanamo)" (Let's go (Guantanamo)) is a song from <a href="/wiki/Active_Member" title="Active Member">Active Member</a>, a hip hop group based in <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>.</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Ready_or_Not_(Fugees_song)" title="Ready or Not (Fugees song)">Ready or Not</a>" by hip hop group <a href="/wiki/Fugees" title="Fugees">Fugees</a> refers to Guantanamo Bay (1996).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radio">Radio</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Radio">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Camp Delta, Guantanamo (30 April 2006), a radio feature by Frank Smith<a href="#cite_note-384">[383]</a></li> <li>"Habeas Schmabeas", an episode of the radio program <a href="/wiki/This_American_Life" title="This American Life">This American Life</a> produced by <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Public_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago Public Radio">Chicago Public Radio</a>, which discusses the conditions at the facility, the legal justifications and arguments surrounding the detention of prisoners there, and the history of the principle of <a href="/wiki/Habeas_corpus" title="Habeas corpus">habeas corpus</a>; it also features interviews with two former detainees and won a 2006 <a href="/wiki/Peabody_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Peabody Award">Peabody Award</a><a href="#cite_note-385">[384]</a></li> <li>On the Shore Dimly Seen (2015), a performance documentary based on the interrogation log of Guantanamo Bay detainee 063, by <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Whitehead" title="Gregory Whitehead">Gregory Whitehead</a><a href="#cite_note-386">[385]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiolab" title="Radiolab">Radiolab</a>: "The Other Latif", a six-episode miniseries from Radiolab exploring the story of <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Latif_Nasir" title="Abdul Latif Nasir">Abdul Latif Nasir</a>, detainee 244 at Guantanamo who shares his name with Radiolab's <a href="/wiki/Latif_Nasser" title="Latif Nasser">Latif Nasser</a><a href="#cite_note-387">[386]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serial_(podcast)" title="Serial (podcast)">Serial</a> Season 4: Guantánamo (2024) covers the history of the Guantanamo Bay detention camp through interviews with former guards, prisoners, translators and more.<a href="#cite_note-388">[387]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theater">Theater</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Theater">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Good_Morning_Gitmo" title="Good Morning Gitmo">Good Morning Gitmo</a> (2014), a one-act comedy play written by <a href="/wiki/Mishu_Hilmy" title="Mishu Hilmy">Mishu Hilmy</a> and Eric Simon and originally produced by The <a href="/wiki/Annoyance_Theatre" title="Annoyance Theatre">Annoyance Theatre</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a></li> <li>Guantanamo 'Honor Bound to Defend Freedom', (2004) was first produced at the Tricycle Theatre in London in 2004.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Artistic_responses">Artistic responses</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Artistic responses">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banksy" title="Banksy">Banksy</a>'s Guantanamo Sculpture (2006), the graffiti artist <a href="/wiki/Banksy" title="Banksy">Banksy</a> placed a life-size replica of one of Guantanamo's detainees in a <a href="/wiki/Disneyland" title="Disneyland">Disneyland</a> attraction.<a href="#cite_note-389">[388]</a></li> <li>Gone Gitmo (2009), a virtual reproduction of the Guantanamo Bay Prison built in <a href="/wiki/Second_Life" title="Second Life">Second Life</a> by the artists <a href="/wiki/Nonny_de_la_Pe%C3%B1a" title="Nonny de la Peña">Nonny de la Peña</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peggy_Weil" title="Peggy Weil">Peggy Weil</a><a href="#cite_note-390">[389]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guantanamo_Bay_Museum_of_Art_and_History" title="Guantanamo Bay Museum of Art and History">Guantanamo Bay Museum of Art and History</a> (2012), a fictional museum created by the artist Ian Alan Paul that is premised on the idea that the museum has replaced the shuttered prison facility<a href="#cite_note-391">[390]</a><a href="#cite_note-392">[391]</a></li> <li>Guantanamo Bay Illustrations (2013), in 2013 the artist <a href="/wiki/Molly_Crabapple" title="Molly Crabapple">Molly Crabapple</a> visited the Guantanamo Bay Detention Facilities and did a series of portraits and sketches of the detainees and the prison complex.<a href="#cite_note-393">[392]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/32px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/48px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/64px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cuba" title="Portal:Cuba">Cuba portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baghdad_Central_Prison" class="mw-redirect" title="Baghdad Central Prison">Baghdad Central Prison</a> – 2003</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagram_Theater_Internment_Facility" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagram Theater Internment Facility">Bagram Theater Internment Facility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagram_torture_and_prisoner_abuse" title="Bagram torture and prisoner abuse">Bagram torture and prisoner abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belmarsh_(HM_Prison)" class="mw-redirect" title="Belmarsh (HM Prison)">Belmarsh (HM Prison)</a>—One of the UK's maximum security prisons, which was used to hold prisoners without charge or trial in the UK (many are wanted or convicted of terrorism in other countries) as recently as 2006; leading it to be referred to as the "British version of Guantánamo Bay"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_1391" title="Camp 1391">Camp 1391</a> – referred to as "the Israeli Guantanamo"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Delta_Standard_Operating_Procedures" class="mw-redirect" title="Camp Delta Standard Operating Procedures">Camp Delta Standard Operating Procedures</a> (<a href="/wiki/File:Gitmo-sop.pdf" title="File:Gitmo-sop.pdf">.pdf file</a>) protocol of the U.S. Army at the Guantánamo Bay detention camp that was released by <a href="/wiki/WikiLeaks" title="WikiLeaks">WikiLeaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellular_Jail" title="Cellular Jail">Cellular Jail</a> – A prison owned by the UK that was set up in 1906 for similar purposes as Guantánamo Bay; imprisoning Indian fighters in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">Indian independence movement</a> at that time</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civilian_Internee" class="mw-redirect" title="Civilian Internee">Civilian Internee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communication_Management_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Communication Management Unit">Communication Management Unit</a> so called "little Guantánamos"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Army_Faction#Custody_and_the_Stammheim_trial" title="Red Army Faction">Custody and the Stammheim trial (Red Army Faction)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disarmed_Enemy_Forces" title="Disarmed Enemy Forces">Disarmed Enemy Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Does_1-570_v._Bush" title="Does 1-570 v. Bush">Does 1-570 v. Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gitmo_playlist" class="mw-redirect" title="Gitmo playlist">Gitmo playlist</a>, a loose collection of music used during interrogations in Guantanamo Bay</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guantanamo_detainees%27_medical_care" title="Guantanamo detainees' medical care">Guantanamo detainees' medical care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guantanamo_Bay_detainee_documents" title="Guantanamo Bay detainee documents">Guantanamo Bay detainee documents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Guantanamo_Bay_detainees_cleared_for_release_in_2009" title="List of Guantanamo Bay detainees cleared for release in 2009">List of Guantanamo Bay detainees cleared for release in 2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guant%C3%A1namo_Bay_files_leak" class="mw-redirect" title="Guantánamo Bay files leak">Guantánamo Bay files leak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_former_Guantanamo_Bay_detainees_alleged_to_have_returned_to_terrorism" title="Lists of former Guantanamo Bay detainees alleged to have returned to terrorism">Lists of former Guantanamo Bay detainees alleged to have returned to terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meshal_v._Higgenbotham" title="Meshal v. Higgenbotham">Meshal v. Higgenbotham</a>, a U.S. federal lawsuit filed by the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_Liberties_Union" title="American Civil Liberties Union">American Civil Liberties Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Police:_Enemy_Prisoners_of_War,_Retained_Personnel,_Civilian_Internees_and_Other_Detainees" title="Military Police: Enemy Prisoners of War, Retained Personnel, Civilian Internees and Other Detainees">Military Police: Enemy Prisoners of War, Retained Personnel, Civilian Internees and Other Detainees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxi_to_the_Dark_Side" title="Taxi to the Dark Side">Taxi to the Dark Side</a>, a 2007 film about the 2002 killing of an Afghan taxi driver by American soldiers while being held in extrajudicial detention</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Constitution_is_not_a_suicide_pact" title="The Constitution is not a suicide pact">The Constitution is not a suicide pact</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: Centro de detención de la bahía de Guantánamo </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTimes2021" class="citation news cs1">Times, The New York (18 May 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/us/guantanamo-bay-detainees.html">"The Guantánamo Docket"</a>. 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Retrieved 16 April 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=FBI+Reports+Duct-Taping%2C+%27Baptizing%27+at+Guantanamo&rft.date=2007-01-03&rft.au=Dan+Eggen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2007%2F01%2F02%2FAR2007010201219.html%3Fnav%3Drss_nation%2Fnationalsecurity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuantanamo+Bay+detention+camp" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBetty_Ann_Bowser2005" class="citation news cs1">Betty Ann Bowser (3 June 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061212231003/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/military/jan-june05/gitmo_6-3.html">"Allegations of abuse"</a>. <a href="/wiki/PBS_Newshour" class="mw-redirect" title="PBS Newshour">PBS Newshour</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/military/jan-june05/gitmo_6-3.html">the original</a> on 12 December 2006. Retrieved 16 April 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Allegations+of+abuse&rft.date=2005-06-03&rft.au=Betty+Ann+Bowser&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fnewshour%2Fbb%2Fmilitary%2Fjan-june05%2Fgitmo_6-3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuantanamo+Bay+detention+camp" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4255559.stm">"'Religious abuse' at Guantanamo"</a>. BBC. 10 February 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210819203155/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4255559.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2021. Retrieved 16 April 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27Religious+abuse%27+at+Guantanamo&rft.date=2005-02-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Famericas%2F4255559.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuantanamo+Bay+detention+camp" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4608949.stm">"US Guantanamo guard kicked Koran"</a>. BBC. 4 June 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210704022749/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4608949.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 4 July 2021. Retrieved 16 April 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=US+Guantanamo+guard+kicked+Koran&rft.date=2005-06-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Famericas%2F4608949.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuantanamo+Bay+detention+camp" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071014194127/http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/jurist_search.php?q=guantanamo+bay+detainees+abuse">"RECENT NEWS: "guantanamo bay detainees abuse""</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Jurist" class="mw-redirect" title="The Jurist">The Jurist</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/jurist_search.php?q=guantanamo%20bay%20detainees%20abuse">the original</a> on 14 October 2007. Retrieved 16 April 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=RECENT+NEWS%3A+%22guantanamo+bay+detainees+abuse%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjurist.law.pitt.edu%2Fjurist_search.php%3Fq%3Dguantanamo%2520bay%2520detainees%2520abuse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuantanamo+Bay+detention+camp" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071203003439/http://www.dod.mil/pubs/foi/detainees/csrt_arb/ARB_Round_1_Factors_001046-001160.pdf">"Factors for and against the continued detention"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Administrative_Review_Board" title="Administrative Review Board">Administrative Review Board</a>. 25 January 2005. p. 1. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dod.mil/pubs/foi/detainees/csrt_arb/ARB_Round_1_Factors_001046-001160.pdf#1">the original</a> (PDF) on 3 December 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Factors+for+and+against+the+continued+detention&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Administrative+Review+Board&rft.date=2005-01-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dod.mil%2Fpubs%2Ffoi%2Fdetainees%2Fcsrt_arb%2FARB_Round_1_Factors_001046-001160.pdf%231&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuantanamo+Bay+detention+camp" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> In court filings made public in January 2007, <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a> (FBI) agents reported that they observed a few detainees at Guantanamo Bay who were: chained in a <a href="/wiki/Fetal_position" title="Fetal position">fetal position</a> on the floor; subjected to extremes of temperature; one was gagged with <a href="/wiki/Duct_tape" title="Duct tape">duct tape</a>; one was rubbing his legs a possible result of being held in a <a href="/wiki/Stress_position" title="Stress position">stress position</a> while shackled; one was shackled in a baseball catcher's position; and subjected to loud music and flashing floodlights for more than twenty four hours in a bare six-by-eight-foot (1.8 by 2.4 m) cell. One Boston agent reported that she observed two incidents that she described as, "personally very upsetting to me," of two detainees chained in a fetal position between 18 and 24 hours who had urinated and defecated on themselves. Former Turkish-German Guantanamo bay prisoner <a href="/wiki/Murat_Kurnaz" title="Murat Kurnaz">Murat Kurnaz</a> reported about systematic torture there in his book "Five years of my life." (available in German language). </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070106020808/http://foia.fbi.gov/guantanamo/detainees.pdf">"Detainees Positive Responses"</a> (PDF). FBI. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foia.fbi.gov/guantanamo/detainees.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 6 January 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Detainees+Positive+Responses&rft.pub=FBI&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffoia.fbi.gov%2Fguantanamo%2Fdetainees.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuantanamo+Bay+detention+camp" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/amerikanische-gefangenenlager-folter-in-guantanamo-1192005.html">"Folter in Guantánamo?"</a>. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung. 17 October 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210308065039/https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/amerikanische-gefangenenlager-folter-in-guantanamo-1192005.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 2 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frankfurter+Allgemeine+Zeitung&rft.atitle=Folter+in+Guant%C3%A1namo%3F&rft.date=2004-10-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.faz.net%2Faktuell%2Fpolitik%2Famerikanische-gefangenenlager-folter-in-guantanamo-1192005.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuantanamo+Bay+detention+camp" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/3509750.stm">"Tipton three complain of beatings"</a>. BBC News. 14 March 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090419075030/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/3509750.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 19 April 2009. Retrieved 16 March 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Tipton+three+complain+of+beatings&rft.date=2004-03-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk%2F3509750.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuantanamo+Bay+detention+camp" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHyland2004" class="citation web cs1">Hyland, Julie (6 August 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wsws.org/articles/2004/aug2004/guan-a06.shtml">"Britons release devastating account of torture and abuse by U.S. forces at Guantanamo"</a>. World Socialist Web Site. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120522182955/http://www.wsws.org/articles/2004/aug2004/guan-a06.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 22 May 2012. Retrieved 18 March 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Britons+release+devastating+account+of+torture+and+abuse+by+U.S.+forces+at+Guantanamo&rft.pub=World+Socialist+Web+Site&rft.date=2004-08-06&rft.aulast=Hyland&rft.aufirst=Julie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsws.org%2Farticles%2F2004%2Faug2004%2Fguan-a06.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuantanamo+Bay+detention+camp" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/jan/21/i-fought-to-survive-guantanamo">"How I fought to survive Guantánamo"</a>. The Guardian. 20 January 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130726072023/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/jan/21/i-fought-to-survive-guantanamo">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2013. Retrieved 17 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=How+I+fought+to+survive+Guant%C3%A1namo&rft.date=2010-01-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2010%2Fjan%2F21%2Fi-fought-to-survive-guantanamo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuantanamo+Bay+detention+camp" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amnesty.org/documents/amr51/107/2005/en">"Days of adverse hardship in U.S. detention camps – Testimony of Guantánamo detainee Jumah Al Dossari"</a>. Amnesty International. 6 December 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211110162625/https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/amr51/107/2005/en/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 November 2021. Retrieved 5 June 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Days+of+adverse+hardship+in+U.S.+detention+camps+%E2%80%93+Testimony+of+Guant%C3%A1namo+detainee+Jumah+Al+Dossari&rft.pub=Amnesty+International&rft.date=2005-12-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amnesty.org%2Fdocuments%2Famr51%2F107%2F2005%2Fen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuantanamo+Bay+detention+camp" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_News-2004-91">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_News-2004_91-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_News-2004_91-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4084587.stm">"Asia-Pacific | Australia's Hicks alleges torture"</a>. BBC News. 10 December 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210226235142/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4084587.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 26 February 2021. Retrieved 10 February 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Asia-Pacific+%26%23124%3B+Australia%27s+Hicks+alleges+torture&rft.date=2004-12-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fasia-pacific%2F4084587.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuantanamo+Bay+detention+camp" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> Multiple sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theage.com.au/news/War-on-Terror/Hicks-torture-allegations-corroborated/2005/02/01/1107020364301.html">"Hicks' torture allegations corroborated – War on Terror"</a>. The Age. Melbourne. 1 February 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130801084138/http://www.theage.com.au/news/War-on-Terror/Hicks-torture-allegations-corroborated/2005/02/01/1107020364301.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 August 2013. Retrieved 10 February 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Age&rft.atitle=Hicks%27+torture+allegations+corroborated+%E2%80%93+War+on+Terror&rft.date=2005-02-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theage.com.au%2Fnews%2FWar-on-Terror%2FHicks-torture-allegations-corroborated%2F2005%2F02%2F01%2F1107020364301.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuantanamo+Bay+detention+camp" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMark_Dunn2007" class="citation news cs1">Mark Dunn (21 March 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/victoria/hicks-in-fresh-torture-claims/story-e6frf7l6-1111113192670">"Hicks in fresh torture claims"</a>. Herald Sun. Retrieved 10 February 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Herald+Sun&rft.atitle=Hicks+in+fresh+torture+claims&rft.date=2007-03-21&rft.au=Mark+Dunn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heraldsun.com.au%2Fnews%2Fvictoria%2Fhicks-in-fresh-torture-claims%2Fstory-e6frf7l6-1111113192670&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuantanamo+Bay+detention+camp" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-14384279">"David Hicks: The 'Aussie Taliban'"</a>. BBC. 3 August 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130608175536/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-14384279">Archived</a> from the original on 8 June 2013. Retrieved 10 February 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=David+Hicks%3A+The+%27Aussie+Taliban%27&rft.date=2011-08-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-pacific-14384279&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuantanamo+Bay+detention+camp" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> Multiple sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNatalie_O'Brien2012" class="citation news cs1">Natalie O'Brien (16 September 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/national/witnesses-back-hicks-on-chemical-torture-20120915-25z05.html">"Witnesses back Hicks on chemical torture"</a>. 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Retrieved 10 February 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Witnesses+back+Hicks+on+chemical+torture&rft.date=2012-09-16&rft.au=Natalie+O%27Brien&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fnational%2Fwitnesses-back-hicks-on-chemical-torture-20120915-25z05.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuantanamo+Bay+detention+camp" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSutton2007" class="citation news cs1">Sutton, Jane (27 March 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200315114622/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-guantanamo-idUKN2722957720070327">"Critics say Guantanamo illegal despite guilty plea"</a>. Reuters. 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Vol. March 2023. 17 February 2023. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0017-789X">0017-789X</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230308014130/https://harpers.org/archive/2023/03/ron-desantis-force-feedings-guantanamo-bay-laughing/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2023. 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Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080502105648/https://www.reuters.com/article/topNews/idUSL0176218520080501?feedType=RSS&feedName=topNews">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2008. Retrieved 1 May 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Ex-Guantanamo+inmate+in+Iraq+suicide+bombing%3A+TV&rft.date=2008-05-01&rft.aulast=Ersan&rft.aufirst=Inal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2FtopNews%2FidUSL0176218520080501%3FfeedType%3DRSS%26feedName%3DtopNews&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuantanamo+Bay+detention+camp" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-273"><a href="#cite_ref-273">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080505052721/http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/05/01/africa/ME-GEN-Iraq-Guantanamo-Bomber.php">"Report: Former Guantanamo detainee carried out Iraq suicide attack"</a>. International Herald Tribune. 2 May 2008. 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Retrieved 5 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Belgium+arrests+two+ex-Guantanamo+inmates+on+terrorism+charges&rft.date=2015-07-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-belgium-arrest-guantanamo-idUSKCN0PY27H20150724&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuantanamo+Bay+detention+camp" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-276"><a href="#cite_ref-276">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/world/americas/guantanamo/article49022855.html">"Freed Guantánamo convict returns to the fight"</a>. The Miami Herald. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151222173237/http://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/world/americas/guantanamo/article49022855.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 11 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Miami+Herald&rft.atitle=Freed+Guant%C3%A1namo+convict+returns+to+the+fight&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.miamiherald.com%2Fnews%2Fnation-world%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Fguantanamo%2Farticle49022855.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuantanamo+Bay+detention+camp" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-277"><a href="#cite_ref-277">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160325114908/http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/U/US_CONGRESS_GUANTANAMO?SITE=AP&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT&CTIME=2016-03-23-12-58-40">"News from The Associated Press"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/U/US_CONGRESS_GUANTANAMO?SITE=AP&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT&CTIME=2016-03-23-12-58-40">the original</a> on 25 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=News+from+The+Associated+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhosted.ap.org%2Fdynamic%2Fstories%2FU%2FUS_CONGRESS_GUANTANAMO%3FSITE%3DAP%26SECTION%3DHOME%26TEMPLATE%3DDEFAULT%26CTIME%3D2016-03-23-12-58-40&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuantanamo+Bay+detention+camp" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-278"><a href="#cite_ref-278">^</a> This comparison of Guantánamo Bay to the Gulag system was met by criticism of Amnesty International.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/05/25/AR2005052501838.html">"American Gulag"</a>. 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Retrieved 4 May 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=American+Gulag&rft.date=2005-05-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2005%2F05%2F25%2FAR2005052501838.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuantanamo+Bay+detention+camp" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-279"><a href="#cite_ref-279">^</a> A prominent judge in the United Kingdom, was quoted in <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a> on 26 November 2003, regarding the planned trial of some prisoners by <a href="/wiki/Military_tribunal" class="mw-redirect" title="Military tribunal">military tribunal</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-280"><a href="#cite_ref-280">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDodd2007" class="citation news cs1">Dodd, Vikram (12 January 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/story/0,,1988677,00.html">"This is a US Torture Camp"</a>. 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August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=The+Imaginary+Art+Museum+at+Gitmo&rft.date=2012-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Ftechnology%2Farchive%2F2012%2F08%2Fthe-imaginary-art-museum-at-gitmo%2F261740%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuantanamo+Bay+detention+camp" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-392"><a href="#cite_ref-392">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul,_Alan" class="citation web cs1">Paul, Alan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guantanamobaymuseum.org">"Guantanamo Bay Museum of Art and History"</a>. guantanamobaymuseum.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=guantanamobaymuseum.org&rft.atitle=Guantanamo+Bay+Museum+of+Art+and+History&rft.au=Paul%2C+Alan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guantanamobaymuseum.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuantanamo+Bay+detention+camp" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-393"><a href="#cite_ref-393">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrabapple2013" class="citation news cs1">Crabapple, Molly (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vice.com/read/it-dont-gitmo-better-than-this-0001000-v20n8">"It Don't Gitmo Better Than This"</a>. Vice.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vice&rft.atitle=It+Don%27t+Gitmo+Better+Than+This&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Crabapple&rft.aufirst=Molly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vice.com%2Fread%2Fit-dont-gitmo-better-than-this-0001000-v20n8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuantanamo+Bay+detention+camp" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading/viewing">Further reading/viewing</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Further reading/viewing">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about Guantanamo Bay detention camp <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Guantanamo+Bay+detention+camp">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Guantanamo+Bay+detention+camp&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Glenn2010" class="citation journal cs1">David Glenn (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.cjr.org/feature/the_record_keeper.php">"The Record Keeper: Carol Rosenberg owns the Guantánamo beat"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Journalism_Review" title="Columbia Journalism Review">Columbia Journalism Review</a>. 49 (4).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Columbia+Journalism+Review&rft.atitle=The+Record+Keeper%3A+Carol+Rosenberg+owns+the+Guant%C3%A1namo+beat&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=4&rft.date=2010&rft.au=David+Glenn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.cjr.org%2Ffeature%2Fthe_record_keeper.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuantanamo+Bay+detention+camp" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarlycommons.law.cwsl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1139&context=cwilj">"THE GUANTANAMO GAP: CAN FOREIGN NATIONALS OBTAIN REDRESS FOR PROLONGED ARBITRARY DETENTION AND TORTURE SUFFERED OUTSIDE THE UNITED STATES?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/California_Western_International_Law_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="California Western International Law Journal">California Western International Law Journal</a>: 303–352. 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=California+Western+International+Law+Journal&rft.atitle=THE+GUANTANAMO+GAP%3A+CAN+FOREIGN+NATIONALS+OBTAIN+REDRESS+FOR+PROLONGED+ARBITRARY+DETENTION+AND+TORTURE+SUFFERED+OUTSIDE+THE+UNITED+STATES%3F&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E303-%3C%2Fspan%3E352&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarlycommons.law.cwsl.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1139%26context%3Dcwilj&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuantanamo+Bay+detention+camp" class="Z3988"></li> <li>"Yasiin Bey (aka Mos Def) force fed under standard Guantánamo Bay procedure." <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. Monday 8 July 2013. via YouTube—Video created by human rights organization <a href="/wiki/Reprieve_(organisation)" title="Reprieve (organisation)">Reprieve</a> & directed by Asif Kapadia, shows <a href="/wiki/Mos_Def" class="mw-redirect" title="Mos Def">Mos Def</a> force fed according to procedure at Guantanamo Bay detention camp.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Declassified_documents">Declassified documents</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Declassified documents">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Office of the Secretary of Defense & Joint Staff <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_Information_Act_(US)" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of Information Act (US)">FOIA</a> Requester Service Center <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esd.whs.mil/FOIA/Reading-Room/Reading-Room-List/Detainee_Related/">Declassified Detainee Related Documents</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">DOJ</a> <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Legal_Counsel" title="Office of Legal Counsel">Office of Legal Counsel</a> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.justice.gov/olc/olc-foia-electronic-reading-room">OLC FOIA Reading Room</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">FBI</a> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vault.fbi.gov/Guantanamo%20">2004 Guantanamo Bay Special Inquiry</a></li></ul></li> <li>DoD Inspector General <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dodig.mil/FOIA/FOIA-Reading-Room/Search/Detainee/">Publications</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Intelligence_Agency" title="Defense Intelligence Agency">DIA</a> FOIA <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dia.mil/FOIA/FOIA-Electronic-Reading-Room/FOIA-Reading-Room-Detainee-Abuse/">Detainee abuse</a></li></ul></li> <li>FOIA.gov <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.usa.gov/search?utf8=%E2%9C%93&input-form=advanced&affiliate=foia.gov&query=Guantanamo+detainee&query-quote=&query-or=&query-not=&filetype=pdf&filter=1&commit=Search">All related pdf files indexed by FOIA.gov</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox 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style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:5em">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:100%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Delta_(Guantanamo_Bay)" title="Camp Delta (Guantanamo Bay)">Camp Delta</a> -- blanket term used to refer to most of the other camps, including: <ul><li>Camp one -- April 2002 -- open air cages, but with plumbing</li> <li>Camp two -- open air cages, but with plumbing</li> <li>Camp three -- open air cages, but with plumbing</li> <li>Camp four -- more pleasant surroundings for the most compliant detainees</li> <li>Camp five -- permanent facility modeled after a bureau of prison maximum security facility</li> <li>Camp six -- permanent facility modeled after a bureau of prison maximum security facility</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Five_Echo" title="Camp Five Echo">Camp Five Echo</a> -- "disciplinary block" for "non-compliant" prisoners</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_seven_(Guantanamo)" title="Camp seven (Guantanamo)">Camp seven</a> -- aka Camp Platinum, secret location, former CIA "high value detainees" held here</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_No" title="Camp No">Camp No</a> -- secret interrogation center</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_X-Ray" title="Camp X-Ray">Camp X-Ray</a> -- January - April 2002 -- open air cages with no plumbing</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Iguana" title="Camp Iguana">Camp Iguana</a> -- originally held child detainees, now holds the men determined to be innocent</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Echo_(Guantanamo_Bay)" title="Camp Echo (Guantanamo Bay)">Camp Echo</a> -- isolation cells, and cells where detainees are held prior to meeting their lawyers</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guantanamo_psychiatric_ward" title="Guantanamo psychiatric ward">Guantanamo psychiatric ward</a> -- opened in March 2003</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strawberry_Fields_(Guantanamo)" title="Strawberry Fields (Guantanamo)">Strawberry Fields</a> -- <a href="/wiki/Black_site" title="Black site">black site</a> run by the <a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penny_Lane_(Guantanamo)" title="Penny Lane (Guantanamo)">Penny Lane</a> -- <a href="/wiki/Black_site" title="Black site">black site</a> run by the <a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guantanamo_Migrant_Operations_Center" title="Guantanamo Migrant Operations Center">Guantanamo Migrant Operations Center</a> -- detention facility for migrants</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Controversies_surrounding_people_captured_during_the_War_on_Terror370" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Controversies_surrounding_people_captured_during_the_War_on_Terror" title="Template:Controversies surrounding people captured during the War on Terror"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Controversies_surrounding_people_captured_during_the_War_on_Terror" title="Template talk:Controversies surrounding people captured during the War on Terror"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Controversies_surrounding_people_captured_during_the_War_on_Terror" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Controversies surrounding people captured during the War on Terror"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Controversies_surrounding_people_captured_during_the_War_on_Terror370" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Controversies surrounding people captured during the <a href="/wiki/War_on_Terror" class="mw-redirect" title="War on Terror">War on Terror</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guantanamo Bay detention camp</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp_suicide_attempts" title="Guantanamo Bay detention camp suicide attempts">Suicide attempts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_violations_at_Guant%C3%A1namo_Bay_detention_camp" title="Human rights violations at Guantánamo Bay detention camp">Human rights violations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Quran_desecration_controversy" title="2005 Quran desecration controversy">Quran desecration controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boycott_of_Guantanamo_Military_Commissions" title="Boycott of Guantanamo Military Commissions">Boycott of military tribunals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_former_Guantanamo_Bay_detainees_alleged_to_have_returned_to_terrorism" title="Lists of former Guantanamo Bay detainees alleged to have returned to terrorism">Former captives alleged to have (re)joined insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guantanamo_Bay_hunger_strikes" title="Guantanamo Bay hunger strikes">Hunger strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guantanamo_force_feeding" title="Guantanamo force feeding">Force feeding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guantanamo_Bay_homicide_accusations" title="Guantanamo Bay homicide accusations">Homicide accusations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_juveniles_held_at_the_Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp" title="List of juveniles held at the Guantanamo Bay detention camp">Juvenile prisoners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seton_Hall_reports" title="Seton Hall reports">Seton Hall reports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">CIA</a> <a href="/wiki/Black_site" title="Black site">black site</a> operations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_interrogation_techniques" title="Enhanced interrogation techniques">Enhanced interrogation techniques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_detainee" title="Ghost detainee">Ghost detainees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterboarding" title="Waterboarding">Waterboarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_CIA_interrogation_videotapes_destruction" title="2005 CIA interrogation videotapes destruction">Destruction of interrogation tapes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_torture_in_the_war_on_terror" title="Music torture in the war on terror">Music torture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;">Prison and detainee abuse</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ghraib_torture_and_prisoner_abuse" title="Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse">Abu Ghraib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagram_torture_and_prisoner_abuse" title="Bagram torture and prisoner abuse">Bagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Afghan_detainee_issue" title="Canadian Afghan detainee issue">Canadian Afghan detainee issue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_jail" title="Black jail">Black jail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_Pit" title="Salt Pit">Salt Pit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Jessen" title="Bruce Jessen">Bruce Jessen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Elmer_Mitchell" title="James Elmer Mitchell">James Elmer Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2005_Afghan_captive_incident" title="July 2005 Afghan captive incident">Operating Base Ripley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Prison_escape" title="Prison escape">Prison uprisings and escapes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Qala-i-Jangi" title="Battle of Qala-i-Jangi">Battle of Qala-i-Jangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Abu_Ghraib" title="Battle of Abu Ghraib">Battle of Abu Ghraib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarposa_prison_attack_of_2008" title="Sarposa prison attack of 2008">2008 Sarposa Prison mass escape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basra_prison_incident" title="Basra prison incident">Basra prison incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_War_prisoner_escapes" title="Afghan War prisoner escapes">Afghan escapes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Iraq_prisoner_escapes" title="Invasion of Iraq prisoner escapes">Iraqi escapes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;">Deaths in custody</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dilawar_(torture_victim)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dilawar (torture victim)">Dilawar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamal_Nasser" title="Jamal Nasser">Jamal Nasser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Abdul_Wahid" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Abdul Wahid">Abdul Wahid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habibullah_(Bagram_detainee)" title="Habibullah (Bagram detainee)">Habibullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abed_Hamed_Mowhoush" class="mw-redirect" title="Abed Hamed Mowhoush">Abed Hamed Mowhoush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Manadel_al-Jamadi" title="Killing of Manadel al-Jamadi">Manadel al-Jamadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagem_Hatab" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagem Hatab">Nagem Hatab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Baha_Mousa" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Baha Mousa">Baha Mousa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashad_Mohamed" class="mw-redirect" title="Fashad Mohamed">Fashad Mohamed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zaidan" title="Muhammad Zaidan">Muhammad Zaidan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gul_Rahman" title="Gul Rahman">Gul Rahman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Abdul_Wali" title="Death of Abdul Wali">Abdul Wali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dasht-i-Leili_massacre" title="Dasht-i-Leili massacre">Dasht-i-Leili massacre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Torture" title="Torture">Tortured</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Zubaydah" title="Abu Zubaydah">Abu Zubaydah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamedou_Ould_Salahi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohamedou Ould Salahi">Mohamedou Ould Salahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_al-Qahtani" title="Mohammed al-Qahtani">Mohammed al-Qahtani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalid_Sheikh_Mohammed" title="Khalid Sheikh Mohammed">Khalid Sheikh Mohammed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahim_al-Nashiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri">Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binyam_Mohamed" title="Binyam Mohamed">Binyam Mohamed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalid_El-Masri" title="Khalid El-Masri">Khalid El-Masri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Forced_disappearance" class="mw-redirect" title="Forced disappearance">Forced disappearances</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Shaykh_al-Libi" title="Ibn al-Shaykh al-Libi">Ibn al-Shaykh al-Libi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdu_Ali_al_Haji_Sharqawi" title="Abdu Ali al Haji Sharqawi">Abdu Ali al Haji Sharqawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Omar_Abdel-Rahman" title="Mohammed Omar Abdel-Rahman">Mohammed Omar Abdel-Rahman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariq_Mahmood_(detainee)" title="Tariq Mahmood (detainee)">Tariq Mahmood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_Ghul" title="Hassan Ghul">Hassan Ghul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musaad_Aruchi" title="Musaad Aruchi">Musaad Aruchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiwa_Abdul_Rahman_Rashul" title="Hiwa Abdul Rahman Rashul">Hiwa Abdul Rahman Rashul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;">Reports and legal developments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ryder_Report_(Detention_and_Corrections_in_Iraq)" title="Ryder Report (Detention and Corrections in Iraq)">Ryder Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fay_Report" title="Fay Report">Fay Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taguba_Report" title="Taguba Report">Taguba Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Report" class="mw-redirect" title="Church Report">Church Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detainee_Treatment_Act" title="Detainee Treatment Act">Detainee Treatment Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamdan_v._Rumsfeld" title="Hamdan v. Rumsfeld">Hamdan v. Rumsfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Commissions_Act_of_2006" title="Military Commissions Act of 2006">Military Commissions Act of 2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_interrogation_techniques#Senate_Armed_Services_Committee_report" title="Enhanced interrogation techniques">Senate Armed Services Committee Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_Intelligence_Committee_report_on_CIA_torture" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Intelligence Committee report on CIA torture">Senate Intelligence Committee report on CIA torture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;">Related media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Road_to_Guant%C3%A1namo" title="The Road to Guantánamo">The Road to Guantánamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxi_to_the_Dark_Side" title="Taxi to the Dark Side">Taxi to the Dark Side</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Operating_Procedure_(film)" title="Standard Operating Procedure (film)">Standard Operating Procedure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torturing_Democracy" title="Torturing Democracy">Torturing Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enemy_Combatant_(book)" title="Enemy Combatant (book)">Enemy Combatant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Report_(2019_film)" title="The Report (2019 film)">The Report</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="War_on_terror565" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:War_on_terror" title="Template:War on terror"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:War_on_terror" title="Template talk:War on terror"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:War_on_terror" title="Special:EditPage/Template:War on terror"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="War_on_terror565" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on terror</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)</a> (<a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_United_States_troops_from_Afghanistan_(2011%E2%80%932016)" title="Withdrawal of United States troops from Afghanistan (2011–2016)">Withdrawal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a> (2003–2011) (<a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_United_States_troops_from_Iraq_(2007%E2%80%932011)" title="Withdrawal of United States troops from Iraq (2007–2011)">Withdrawal</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Participants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operational</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Security_Assistance_Force" title="International Security Assistance Force">ISAF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participants_in_Operation_Enduring_Freedom" title="Participants in Operation Enduring Freedom">Operation Enduring Freedom participants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Afghanistan" title="Islamic Republic of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Alliance" title="Northern Alliance">Northern Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Armed_Forces" title="Iraqi Armed Forces">Iraqi Armed Forces</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Targets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Individuals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamza_bin_Laden" title="Hamza bin Laden">Hamza bin Laden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anwar_al-Awlaki" title="Anwar al-Awlaki">Anwar al-Awlaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirajuddin_Haqqani" title="Sirajuddin Haqqani">Sirajuddin Haqqani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalaluddin_Haqqani" title="Jalaluddin Haqqani">Jalaluddin Haqqani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anas_Haqqani" title="Anas Haqqani">Anas Haqqani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalil_Haqqani" title="Khalil Haqqani">Khalil Haqqani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafiz_Saeed" title="Hafiz Saeed">Hafiz Saeed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Mohamed_Ahmed_Bahaziq" title="Mahmoud Mohamed Ahmed Bahaziq">Mahmoud Mohamed Ahmed Bahaziq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Factions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_the_Arabian_Peninsula" title="Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula">al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Sayyaf" title="Abu Sayyaf">Abu Sayyaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shabaab_(militant_group)" title="Al-Shabaab (militant group)">Al-Shabaab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram" title="Boko Haram">Boko Haram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harkat-ul-Jihad_al-Islami" title="Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami">Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hizbul_Mujahideen" title="Hizbul Mujahideen">Hizbul Mujahideen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Courts_Union" title="Islamic Courts Union">Islamic Courts Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaish-e-Mohammed" title="Jaish-e-Mohammed">Jaish-e-Mohammed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jemaah_Islamiyah" title="Jemaah Islamiyah">Jemaah Islamiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lashkar-e-Taiba" title="Lashkar-e-Taiba">Lashkar-e-Taiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Movement_of_Uzbekistan" title="Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan">Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom" title="Operation Enduring Freedom">Operation Enduring Freedom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom_%E2%80%93_Philippines" title="Operation Enduring Freedom – Philippines">OEF – Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Train_and_Equip_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia Train and Equip Program">Georgia Train and Equip Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Sustainment_and_Stability_Operations_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia Sustainment and Stability Operations Program">Georgia Sustainment and Stability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom_%E2%80%93_Horn_of_Africa" title="Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa">OEF – Horn of Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Juniper_Shield" title="Operation Juniper Shield">OEF – Trans Sahara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drone_strikes_in_Pakistan" title="Drone strikes in Pakistan">Drone strikes in Pakistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Active_Endeavour" title="Operation Active Endeavour">Operation Active Endeavour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)" title="Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)">Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_North_Caucasus" title="Insurgency in the North Caucasus">Insurgency in the North Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moro_conflict" title="Moro conflict">Moro conflict in the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2011%E2%80%932013)" title="Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)">Iraqi insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Linda_Nchi" title="Operation Linda Nchi">Operation Linda Nchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Terrorism in Saudi Arabia">Terrorism in Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Somalia_(2006%E2%80%932009)" title="War in Somalia (2006–2009)">War in Somalia (2006–2009)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Lebanon_conflict" title="2007 Lebanon conflict">2007 Lebanon conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_insurgency_in_Yemen" title="Al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen">al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Policies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Act" title="Patriot Act">Patriot Act</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torture_Memos" title="Torture Memos">Torture Memos</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Commissions_Act_of_2006" title="Military Commissions Act of 2006">Military Commissions Act of 2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Commissions_Act_of_2009" title="Military Commissions Act of 2009">Military Commissions Act of 2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Surveillance_Program" title="President's Surveillance Program">President's Surveillance Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protect_America_Act_of_2007" title="Protect America Act of 2007">Protect America Act of 2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorist_Surveillance_Program" title="Terrorist Surveillance Program">Terrorist Surveillance Program</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ghraib_torture_and_prisoner_abuse" title="Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse">Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axis_of_evil" title="Axis of evil">Axis of evil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bush_Doctrine" title="Bush Doctrine">Bush Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clash_of_Civilizations" title="Clash of Civilizations">Clash of Civilizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combatant_Status_Review_Tribunal" title="Combatant Status Review Tribunal">Combatant Status Review Tribunal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_war_on_terror" title="Criticism of the war on terror">Criticism of the war on terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIA_black_sites" title="CIA black sites">CIA black sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ayman_al-Zawahiri" title="Killing of Ayman al-Zawahiri">Killing of Ayman al-Zawahiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Osama_bin_Laden" title="Killing of Osama bin Laden">Killing of Osama bin Laden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_interrogation_techniques" title="Enhanced interrogation techniques">Enhanced interrogation techniques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extrajudicial_prisoners_of_the_United_States" title="Extrajudicial prisoners of the United States">Extrajudicial prisoners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraordinary_rendition" title="Extraordinary rendition">Extraordinary rendition</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guantanamo Bay detention camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Revolution">Iranian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_terrorism" title="Islamic terrorism">Islamic terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="North Korea and weapons of mass destruction">North Korea and weapons of mass destruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Noble_Eagle" title="Operation Noble Eagle">Operation Noble Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Eagle_Assist" title="Operation Eagle Assist">Operation Eagle Assist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situation_Room_(photograph)" title="Situation Room (photograph)">Situation Room photograph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Sponsors_of_Terrorism_(U.S._list)" title="State Sponsors of Terrorism (U.S. list)">State Sponsors of Terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disposition_Matrix" title="Disposition Matrix">Targeted killing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Targeted_Killing_in_International_Law" title="Targeted Killing in International Law">Targeted Killing in International Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Targeted_Killings" title="Targeted Killings">Targeted Killings: Law and Morality in an Asymmetrical World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitary_executive_theory" title="Unitary executive theory">Unitary executive theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unlawful_combatant" title="Unlawful combatant">Unlawful combatant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cage_(organisation)" title="Cage (organisation)">CAGE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:War_on_terror" title="Category:War on terror">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/War_on_terror" class="extiw" title="commons:War on terror">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="George_W._Bush703" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:George_W._Bush" title="Template:George W. Bush"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:George_W._Bush" title="Template talk:George W. Bush"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:George_W._Bush" title="Special:EditPage/Template:George W. Bush"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="George_W._Bush703" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">43rd</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (2001–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Texas" title="List of governors of Texas">46th</a> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Texas" title="Governor of Texas">Governor of Texas</a> (1995–2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_W._Bush" title="Presidency of George W. Bush">Presidency</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency">timeline</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_George_W._Bush" title="Presidential transition of George W. Bush">Transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_George_W._Bush" title="First inauguration of George W. Bush">1st inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_George_W._Bush" title="Second inauguration of George W. Bush">2nd inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency_(2001)" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency (2001)">2001</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency_(2002)" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency (2002)">2002</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency_(2003)" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency (2003)">2003</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency_(2004)" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency (2004)">2004</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency_(2005)" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency (2005)">2005</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency_(2006)" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency (2006)">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency_(2007)" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency (2007)">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency_(2008%E2%80%932009)" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency (2008–2009)">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency_(2008%E2%80%932009)#January_2009" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency (2008–2009)">January 2009</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_policy_of_the_George_W._Bush_administration" title="Domestic policy of the George W. Bush administration">Domestic policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_George_W._Bush_legislation_and_programs" title="List of George W. Bush legislation and programs">Legislation and programs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_George_W._Bush_administration" title="Economic policy of the George W. Bush administration">Economic policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_George_W._Bush_administration" title="Foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration">Foreign policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_George_W._Bush" title="List of international presidential trips made by George W. Bush">International trips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bush_Doctrine" title="Bush Doctrine">Bush Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russia%E2%80%93United_States_summits" title="List of Russia–United States summits">Russia summits</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia_Summit_2001" title="Slovenia Summit 2001">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia_Summit_2005" title="Slovakia Summit 2005">Slovakia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S.%E2%80%93Iraq_Status_of_Forces_Agreement" title="U.S.–Iraq Status of Forces Agreement">Status of Forces Agreement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Act" title="Patriot Act">Patriot Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_Child_Left_Behind_Act" title="No Child Left Behind Act">No Child Left Behind Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicare_Prescription_Drug,_Improvement,_and_Modernization_Act" title="Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act">Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA_Freedom_Corps" title="USA Freedom Corps">USA Freedom Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security">Department of Homeland Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_George_W._Bush_administration" title="Space policy of the George W. Bush administration">Space policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Offensive_Reductions_Treaty" title="Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty">Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">"War on Terror"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Council_on_Service_and_Civic_Participation" title="President's Council on Service and Civic Participation">President's Council on Service and Civic Participation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Volunteer_Service_Award" title="President's Volunteer Service Award">award</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S._attorneys_controversy" title="Dismissal of U.S. attorneys controversy">Dismissal of U.S. attorneys controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bush_White_House_email_controversy" title="Bush White House email controversy">Email controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_George_W._Bush" title="List of federal judges appointed by George W. Bush">Judicial appointments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="George W. Bush Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Roberts_Supreme_Court_nomination" class="mw-redirect" title="John Roberts Supreme Court nomination">John Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Miers_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Harriet Miers Supreme Court nomination">Harriet Miers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Alito_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Samuel Alito Supreme Court nomination">Samuel Alito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_judicial_appointment_controversies" title="George W. Bush judicial appointment controversies">controversies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="George W. Bush Cabinet">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_pardoned_by_George_W._Bush" title="List of people pardoned by George W. Bush">Pardons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_George_W._Bush" title="Efforts to impeach George W. Bush">Impeachment efforts</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:George_W._Bush/Executive_orders" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:George W. Bush/Executive orders">Executive orders</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:George_W._Bush/Presidential_Proclamations" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:George W. Bush/Presidential Proclamations">Presidential proclamations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="Death and state funeral of Ronald Reagan">State funeral of Ronald Reagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Gerald_Ford" title="Death and state funeral of Gerald Ford">State funeral of Gerald Ford</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidential transition of Barack Obama">Obama transition</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/George-W-Bush.jpeg/100px-George-W-Bush.jpeg" decoding="async" width="100" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/George-W-Bush.jpeg/150px-George-W-Bush.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/George-W-Bush.jpeg/200px-George-W-Bush.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2267" data-file-height="3000" /> <a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2424" data-file-height="2425" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life and legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_Childhood_Home" class="mw-redirect" title="George W. Bush Childhood Home">Childhood home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_life_of_George_W._Bush" title="Early life of George W. Bush">Early life and career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_Presidential_Center" title="George W. Bush Presidential Center">Presidential library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_portraits_of_George_W._and_Laura_Bush" title="Presidential portraits of George W. and Laura Bush">Presidential portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_military_service_controversy" title="George W. Bush military service controversy">Military service controversy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killian_documents_controversy" title="Killian documents controversy">Killian documents controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killian_documents_authenticity_issues" title="Killian documents authenticity issues">authenticity issues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_life_of_George_W._Bush" title="Professional life of George W. Bush">Professional life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorship_of_George_W._Bush" title="Governorship of George W. Bush">Governorship of Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prairie_Chapel_Ranch" title="Prairie Chapel Ranch">Prairie Chapel Ranch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walker%27s_Point_Estate" title="Walker's Point Estate">Walker's Point Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_Bush_Haiti_Fund" title="Clinton Bush Haiti Fund">Clinton Bush Haiti Fund</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Speeches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_2001_George_W._Bush_speech_to_a_joint_session_of_Congress" title="February 2001 George W. Bush speech to a joint session of Congress">Joint session of Congress</a> (Feb 2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remarks_at_the_Islamic_Center_of_Washington" title="Remarks at the Islamic Center of Washington">Remarks at the Islamic Center of Washington</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2001_George_W._Bush_speech_to_a_joint_session_of_Congress" title="September 2001 George W. Bush speech to a joint session of Congress">Joint session of Congress (September 11 attacks)</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Accomplished_speech" title="Mission Accomplished speech">Mission Accomplished</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Union" title="State of the Union">State of the Union addresses</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2002_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2002 State of the Union Address">2002</a> (<a href="/wiki/Axis_of_evil" title="Axis of evil">"Axis of evil"</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2003 State of the Union Address">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2004 State of the Union Address">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2005 State of the Union Address">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2006 State of the Union Address">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2007 State of the Union Address">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2008 State of the Union Address">2008</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_George_W._Bush" title="Electoral history of George W. Bush">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">U.S. House</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1978_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1978 United States House of Representatives elections">1978</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gubernatorial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1994_Texas_gubernatorial_election" title="1994 Texas gubernatorial election">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Texas_gubernatorial_election" title="1998 Texas gubernatorial election">1998</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidential</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_2000_presidential_campaign" title="George W. Bush 2000 presidential campaign">2000 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2000 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Republican_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2000 Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection">running mate selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Republican_National_Convention" title="2000 Republican National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2000 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="2000 United States presidential election">election</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bush_v._Gore" title="Bush v. Gore">Bush v. Gore</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_2004_presidential_campaign" title="George W. Bush 2004 presidential campaign">2004 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2004_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2004 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Republican_National_Convention" title="2004 Republican National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2004 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="2004 United States presidential election">election</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Public_image_of_George_W._Bush" title="Public image of George W. Bush">Public image</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bushism" title="Bushism">Bushisms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nicknames_used_by_George_W._Bush" title="List of nicknames used by George W. Bush">Nicknames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_books_and_films_about_George_W._Bush" class="mw-redirect" title="List of books and films about George W. Bush">As the subject of books and films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fictionalized_portrayals_of_George_W._Bush" title="Fictionalized portrayals of George W. Bush">Fictionalized portrayals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miss_Me_Yet%3F" title="Miss Me Yet?">Miss Me Yet?</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Yo,_Blair" title="Yo, Blair">Yo, Blair</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_George_W._Bush" title="Bibliography of George W. Bush">Books</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_Charge_to_Keep" title="A Charge to Keep">A Charge to Keep</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decision_Points" title="Decision Points">Decision Points</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/41:_A_Portrait_of_My_Father" title="41: A Portrait of My Father">41: A Portrait of My Father</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portraits_of_Courage" title="Portraits of Courage">Portraits of Courage</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Out_of_Many,_One:_Portraits_of_America%27s_Immigrants" title="Out of Many, One: Portraits of America's Immigrants">Out of Many, One</a> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Popular culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit_9/11" title="Fahrenheit 9/11">Fahrenheit 9/11 (2004 documentary)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._(film)" title="W. (film)">W. (2008 film)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bush_family" title="Bush family">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Bush" title="Laura Bush">Laura Bush</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Bush_(born_1981)" title="Barbara Bush (born 1981)">Barbara Pierce Bush</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenna_Bush_Hager" title="Jenna Bush Hager">Jenna Bush Hager</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> (father</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_H._W._Bush" title="Presidency of George H. W. Bush">presidency</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Bush" title="Barbara Bush">Barbara Bush</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Robinson_Bush" title="Pauline Robinson Bush">Robin Bush</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeb_Bush" title="Jeb Bush">Jeb Bush</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Bush" title="Neil Bush">Neil Bush</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Bush" title="Marvin Bush">Marvin Bush</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Bush_Koch" title="Dorothy Bush Koch">Dorothy Bush Koch</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barney_(dog)" title="Barney (dog)">Barney</a> (dog)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miss_Beazley" title="Miss Beazley">Miss Beazley</a> (dog)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_(cat)" title="India (cat)">India</a> (cat)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spot_Fetcher" title="Spot Fetcher">Spot Fetcher</a> (dog)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">← Bill Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama →</a></li></ul> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:George_W._Bush" title="Category:George W. Bush">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Barack_Obama518" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Barack_Obama" title="Template:Barack Obama"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Barack_Obama" title="Template talk:Barack Obama"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Barack_Obama" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Barack Obama"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Barack_Obama518" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">44th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (2009–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Illinois" title="List of United States senators from Illinois">from Illinois</a> (2005–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Senate" title="Illinois Senate">Illinois Senator</a> from the 13th district (1997–2004)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life and politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_life_and_career_of_Barack_Obama" title="Early life and career of Barack Obama">Early life and career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Senate_career_of_Barack_Obama" title="Illinois Senate career of Barack Obama">Illinois Senate career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2004 Democratic National Convention">2004 Democratic National Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_career_of_Barack_Obama" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate career of Barack Obama">U.S. Senate career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Barack_Obama" title="Political positions of Barack Obama">Political positions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration">Administration foreign policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Cannabis policy of the Barack Obama administration">Cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_on_mass_surveillance" title="Barack Obama on mass surveillance">Mass surveillance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Social policy of the Barack Obama administration">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Space policy of the Barack Obama administration">Space</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2009 Nobel Peace Prize">2009 Nobel Peace Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Wing_Week" title="West Wing Week">West Wing Week</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidency of Barack Obama">Presidency</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency">timeline</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidential transition of Barack Obama">Transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama" title="First inauguration of Barack Obama">2009 inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama" title="Second inauguration of Barack Obama">2013 inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_100_days_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency" class="mw-redirect" title="First 100 days of the Barack Obama presidency">First 100 days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_(2009)" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2009)">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_(2010)" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2010)">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_(2011)" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2011)">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_(2012)" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2012)">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_(2013)" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2013)">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_(2014)" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2014)">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_(2015)" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2015)">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2016–2017)">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_(2016%E2%80%932017)#January_2017" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2016–2017)">January 2017</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration">Foreign policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_foreign_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Middle Eastern foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration">Middle East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_United_States_troops_from_Afghanistan_(2011%E2%80%932016)" title="Withdrawal of United States troops from Afghanistan (2011–2016)">Afghanistan withdrawal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_United_States_troops_from_Iraq_(2007%E2%80%932011)" title="Withdrawal of United States troops from Iraq (2007–2011)">Iraq withdrawal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Osama_bin_Laden" title="Killing of Osama bin Laden">Killing of Osama bin Laden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Benghazi_attack" title="2012 Benghazi attack">Benghazi attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US-led_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%932021)" title="US-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021)">Return to Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="US intervention in the Syrian civil war">War in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action" title="Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action">Iran nuclear deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_foreign_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="East Asian foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration">Pivot to Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_thaw" title="Cuban thaw">Cuban thaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obama_Doctrine" title="Obama Doctrine">Obama Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_foreign_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="European foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration">Europe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Economic policy of the Barack Obama administration">Economic policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affordable_Care_Act" title="Affordable Care Act">Affordable Care Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Recovery_and_Reinvestment_Act_of_2009" title="American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009">American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodd%E2%80%93Frank_Wall_Street_Reform_and_Consumer_Protection_Act" title="Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act">Dodd–Frank Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilly_Ledbetter_Fair_Pay_Act_of_2009" title="Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009">Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Energy policy of the Barack Obama administration">Energy</a>/Environmental <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_R._Lautenberg_Chemical_Safety_for_the_21st_Century_Act" title="Frank R. Lautenberg Chemical Safety for the 21st Century Act">Lautenberg Chemical Safety Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Marine policy of the Barack Obama administration">Marine policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Energy_for_America" title="New Energy for America">New Energy for America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_greenhouse_gases_under_the_Clean_Air_Act" title="Regulation of greenhouse gases under the Clean Air Act">Regulation of greenhouse gases under the Clean Air Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clean_Power_Plan" title="Clean Power Plan">Clean Power Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clean_Water_Act" title="Clean Water Act">Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act of 2014</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthy,_Hunger-Free_Kids_Act_of_2010" title="Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010">Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_START" title="New START">New START</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moving_Ahead_for_Progress_in_the_21st_Century_Act" title="Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act">MAP-21st Century Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fixing_America%27s_Surface_Transportation_Act" title="Fixing America's Surface Transportation Act">FAST Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_granted_executive_clemency_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of people granted executive clemency by Barack Obama">Pardons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama">Presidential trips</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_(2009)" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2009)">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_(2010)" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2010)">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_(2011)" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2011)">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_(2012)" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2012)">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_(2013)" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2013)">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_(2014)" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2014)">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_(2015)" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2015)">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_(2016%E2%80%9317)" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2016–17)">2016–17</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of international presidential trips made by Barack Obama">international</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of federal judges appointed by Barack Obama">Judicial appointments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="Barack Obama Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Sotomayor_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Sonia Sotomayor Supreme Court nomination">Sotomayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elena_Kagan_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Elena Kagan Supreme Court nomination">Kagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merrick_Garland_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Merrick Garland Supreme Court nomination">Garland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_judicial_appointment_controversies" title="Barack Obama judicial appointment controversies">controversies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Barack_Obama" title="Cabinet of Barack Obama">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Presidential_Center" title="Barack Obama Presidential Center">Presidential Library and Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_executive_actions_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of executive actions by Barack Obama">Executive actions</a> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Barack_Hussein_Obama/Executive_orders" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:Barack Hussein Obama/Executive orders">Executive orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_memoranda_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of presidential memoranda by Barack Obama">Memoranda</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Barack_Obama/Presidential_Proclamations" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:Barack Obama/Presidential Proclamations">Proclamations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidential transition of Donald Trump">Trump transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantation_Estate" title="Plantation Estate">Plantation Estate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_by_Barack_Obama" title="Category:Books by Barack Obama">Books</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dreams_from_My_Father" title="Dreams from My Father">Dreams from My Father (1995)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Audacity_of_Hope" title="The Audacity of Hope">The Audacity of Hope (2006)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Of_Thee_I_Sing_(book)" title="Of Thee I Sing (book)">Of Thee I Sing (2010)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Promised_Land" title="A Promised Land">A Promised Land (2020)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Speeches_of_Barack_Obama" title="Speeches of Barack Obama">Speeches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/2004_Democratic_National_Convention_keynote_address" title="2004 Democratic National Convention keynote address">The Audacity of Hope</a>" (2004)</li> <li>"<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Remarks_of_Senator_Barack_Obama_on_New_Hampshire_Primary_Night" class="extiw" title="s:Remarks of Senator Barack Obama on New Hampshire Primary Night">Yes We Can</a>" (2008)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_More_Perfect_Union_(speech)" title="A More Perfect Union (speech)">A More Perfect Union</a>" (2008)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_election_victory_speech" title="Barack Obama 2008 presidential election victory speech">Change Has Come to America</a>" (2008)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama#Ceremony:_"A_New_Birth_of_Freedom"" title="First inauguration of Barack Obama">A New Birth of Freedom</a>" (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2009_Barack_Obama_speech_to_a_joint_session_of_Congress" title="February 2009 Barack Obama speech to a joint session of Congress">Joint session of Congress</a> (2009)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_New_Beginning_(speech)" title="A New Beginning (speech)">A New Beginning</a>" (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2009_Barack_Obama_speech_to_a_joint_session_of_Congress" title="September 2009 Barack Obama speech to a joint session of Congress">Joint session of Congress (health care reform)</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Union" title="State of the Union">State of the Union Address</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2010 State of the Union Address">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2011 State of the Union Address">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2012 State of the Union Address">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2013 State of the Union Address">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2014 State of the Union Address">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2015 State of the Union Address">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2016 State of the Union Address">2016</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Tucson_memorial_speech" title="Barack Obama Tucson memorial speech">Tucson memorial speech</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Jobs_Act" title="American Jobs Act">Joint session of Congress (jobs)</a> (2011)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You_didn%27t_build_that" title="You didn't build that">You didn't build that</a>" (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Selma_50th_anniversary_speech" title="Barack Obama Selma 50th anniversary speech">Selma 50th anniversary</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama%27s_farewell_address" title="Barack Obama's farewell address">Farewell address</a> (2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Barack_Obama" title="Electoral history of Barack Obama">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Illinois</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Senate_elections_of_Barack_Obama" title="Illinois Senate elections of Barack Obama">State Senate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Senate_elections_of_Barack_Obama#First_state_Senate_election,_1996" title="Illinois Senate elections of Barack Obama">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Senate_elections_of_Barack_Obama#Second_state_Senate_election,_1998" title="Illinois Senate elections of Barack Obama">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Senate_elections_of_Barack_Obama#Third_state_Senate_election,_2002" title="Illinois Senate elections of Barack Obama">2002</a></li></ul></li> <li>U.S. House of Representatives <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_Illinois%27s_1st_congressional_district_election" title="2000 Illinois's 1st congressional district election">2000</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">U.S. Senate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_Senate_election_in_Illinois" title="2004 United States Senate election in Illinois">2004</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidential</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign">2008 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republican_and_conservative_support_for_Barack_Obama_in_2008" title="Republican and conservative support for Barack Obama in 2008">GOP/conservative support</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_campaign_staff_members" title="List of Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign staff members">staff members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_primary_campaign" title="Barack Obama 2008 presidential primary campaign">primary campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2008 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">running mate selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2008 Democratic National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2008 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">election</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Barack Obama 2012 presidential campaign">2012 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Barack_Obama_2012_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Barack Obama 2012 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2012 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2012 Democratic National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2012 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">election</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Family_of_Barack_Obama" title="Family of Barack Obama">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama">Michelle Obama</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Dunham" title="Ann Dunham">Ann Dunham</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Sr." title="Barack Obama Sr.">Barack Obama Sr.</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lolo_Soetoro" title="Lolo Soetoro">Lolo Soetoro</a> (stepfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Soetoro-Ng" title="Maya Soetoro-Ng">Maya Soetoro-Ng</a> (maternal half-sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Armour_Dunham" title="Stanley Armour Dunham">Stanley Armour Dunham</a> (maternal grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madelyn_Dunham" title="Madelyn Dunham">Madelyn Dunham</a> (maternal grandmother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auma_Obama" title="Auma Obama">Auma Obama</a> (paternal half-sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malik_Obama" title="Malik Obama">Malik Obama</a> (paternal half-brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Robinson" title="Marian Robinson">Marian Robinson</a> (mother-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Robinson_(basketball)" title="Craig Robinson (basketball)">Craig Robinson</a> (brother-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo_(dog)" title="Bo (dog)">Bo</a> (family dog)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunny_(dog)" title="Sunny (dog)">Sunny</a> (family dog)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Barack_Obama" title="Template:Barack Obama"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Barack_Obama" title="Template talk:Barack Obama"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Barack_Obama" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Barack Obama"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Public_image211" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Public_image_of_Barack_Obama" title="Public image of Barack Obama">Public image</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">News and political events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey%27s_endorsement_of_Barack_Obama" title="Oprah Winfrey's endorsement of Barack Obama">Oprah Winfrey's endorsement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_citizenship_conspiracy_theories" title="Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories">Citizenship conspiracy theories</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_presidential_eligibility_litigation" title="Barack Obama presidential eligibility litigation">litigation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_religion_conspiracy_theories" title="Barack Obama religion conspiracy theories">Religion conspiracy theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Ayers_2008_presidential_election_controversy" title="Bill Ayers 2008 presidential election controversy">Bill Ayers controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright_controversy" title="Jeremiah Wright controversy">Jeremiah Wright controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_and_conservative_support_for_Barack_Obama_in_2008" title="Republican and conservative support for Barack Obama in 2008">Republican and conservative support (2008)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_incidents_involving_Barack_Obama" title="Security incidents involving Barack Obama">Assassination threats</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_assassination_plot_in_Denver" title="Barack Obama assassination plot in Denver">2008 Denver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_assassination_plot_in_Tennessee" title="Barack Obama assassination plot in Tennessee">2008 Tennessee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invitations_to_the_first_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama" title="Invitations to the first inauguration of Barack Obama">First inauguration invitations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Are_One:_The_Obama_Inaugural_Celebration_at_the_Lincoln_Memorial" title="We Are One: The Obama Inaugural Celebration at the Lincoln Memorial">Inaugural Celebration at the Lincoln Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizen%27s_Briefing_Book" title="Citizen's Briefing Book">Citizen's Briefing Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_protests" title="Tea Party protests">Tea Party protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Energy_for_America" title="New Energy for America">New Energy for America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Louis_Gates_arrest_controversy#Presidential_involvement" title="Henry Louis Gates arrest controversy">Gates–Crowley Rose Garden meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firing_of_Shirley_Sherrod" title="Firing of Shirley Sherrod">Firing of Shirley Sherrod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_Barack_Obama" title="Efforts to impeach Barack Obama">Impeachment efforts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_tan_suit_controversy" title="Barack Obama tan suit controversy">Tan suit controversy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_about_Barack_Obama" title="Category:Books about Barack Obama">Books about</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Barack_Obama" title="Bibliography of Barack Obama">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obama:_From_Promise_to_Power" title="Obama: From Promise to Power">Obama: From Promise to Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama:_Der_schwarze_Kennedy" title="Barack Obama: Der schwarze Kennedy">Barack Obama: Der schwarze Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redemption_Song_(Stanage_book)" title="Redemption Song (Stanage book)">Redemption Song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Case_Against_Barack_Obama" title="The Case Against Barack Obama">The Case Against Barack Obama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Obama_Nation" title="The Obama Nation">The Obama Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Corruption" title="Culture of Corruption">Culture of Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catastrophe_(Morris_and_McGann_book)" title="Catastrophe (Morris and McGann book)">Catastrophe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_and_Michelle" title="Barack and Michelle">Barack and Michelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Speech_(Sharpley-Whiting_book)" title="The Speech (Sharpley-Whiting book)">The Speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Obama_Story" title="The Obama Story">The Obama Story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Between_Barack_and_a_Hard_Place" title="Between Barack and a Hard Place">Between Barack and a Hard Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_Change" title="Game Change">Game Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obama_Zombies" title="Obama Zombies">Obama Zombies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Victory" title="Conservative Victory">Conservative Victory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bridge:_The_Life_and_Rise_of_Barack_Obama" title="The Bridge: The Life and Rise of Barack Obama">The Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Obama_Diaries" title="The Obama Diaries">The Obama Diaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Obama_Syndrome" title="The Obama Syndrome">The Obama Syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Obama_Identity" title="The Obama Identity">The Obama Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O:_A_Presidential_Novel" title="O: A Presidential Novel">O: A Presidential Novel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Where%27s_the_Birth_Certificate%3F" title="Where's the Birth Certificate?">Where's the Birth Certificate?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obama%27s_Last_Stand" title="Obama's Last Stand">Obama's Last Stand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama:_The_Story" title="Barack Obama: The Story">Barack Obama: The Story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_Down:_Game_Change_2012" title="Double Down: Game Change 2012"> Game Change 2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buyer%27s_Remorse_(book)" title="Buyer's Remorse (book)">Buyer's Remorse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rising_Star_(book)" title="Rising Star (book)">Rising Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shade:_A_Tale_of_Two_Presidents" title="Shade: A Tale of Two Presidents">Shade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_World_as_It_Is_(book)" title="The World as It Is (book)">The World as It Is</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amber_Lee_Ettinger" title="Amber Lee Ettinger">Obama Girl</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Crush_on_Obama" title="Crush on Obama">I Got a Crush... on Obama</a>"</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Magical_Negro#Barack_Obama" title="Magical Negro">Barack the Magic Negro</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will.i.am" title="Will.i.am">will.i.am</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Yes_We_Can_(will.i.am_song)" title="Yes We Can (will.i.am song)">Yes We Can</a>"</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_President_Sang_Amazing_Grace" title="The President Sang Amazing Grace">The President Sang Amazing Grace</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/There%27s_No_One_as_Irish_as_Barack_O%27Bama" title="There's No One as Irish as Barack O'Bama">There's No One as Irish as Barack O'Bama</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/S%C3%AD_Se_Puede_Cambiar" title="Sí Se Puede Cambiar">Sí Se Puede Cambiar</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/My_President" title="My President">My President</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Deadheads_for_Obama" title="Deadheads for Obama">Deadheads for Obama</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Air_and_Simple_Gifts" title="Air and Simple Gifts">Air and Simple Gifts</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Change_Is_Now:_Renewing_America%27s_Promise" title="Change Is Now: Renewing America's Promise">Change Is Now</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hope!_%E2%80%93_Das_Obama_Musical" title="Hope! – Das Obama Musical">Hope! – Das Obama Musical</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_vs._Mitt_Romney_(video)" title="Barack Obama vs. Mitt Romney (video)">Barack Obama vs. Mitt Romney</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baracksdubs" title="Baracksdubs">Barack's Dubs</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Signed,_Sealed,_Delivered_I%27m_Yours#Political_significance" title="Signed, Sealed, Delivered I'm Yours">Signed, Sealed, Delivered I'm Yours</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film, TV, and stage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/By_the_People:_The_Election_of_Barack_Obama" title="By the People: The Election of Barack Obama">By the People: The Election of Barack Obama</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Change_(film)" title="Change (film)">Change</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obama_Anak_Menteng" title="Obama Anak Menteng">Obama Anak Menteng</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016:_Obama%27s_America" title="2016: Obama's America">2016: Obama's America</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Road_We%27ve_Traveled" title="The Road We've Traveled">The Road We've Traveled</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southside_with_You" title="Southside with You">Southside with You</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_and_Clinton" title="Hillary and Clinton">Hillary and Clinton</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_(2016_film)" title="Barry (2016 film)">Barry</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/America%27s_Great_Divide" title="America's Great Divide">America's Great Divide</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_the_People_(2021_TV_series)" title="We the People (2021 TV series)">We the People</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renegades:_Born_in_the_USA" title="Renegades: Born in the USA">Renegades: Born in the USA</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obama:_In_Pursuit_of_a_More_Perfect_Union" title="Obama: In Pursuit of a More Perfect Union">Obama: In Pursuit of a More Perfect Union</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_First_Lady_(American_TV_series)" title="The First Lady (American TV series)">The First Lady</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picturing_the_Obamas" title="Picturing the Obamas">Picturing the Obamas</a> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Images_of_Barack_Obama" title="Category:Images of Barack Obama">Other media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_media_use_by_Barack_Obama" title="Social media use by Barack Obama">Social media use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artists_for_Obama" title="Artists for Obama">Artists for Obama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_%22Hope%22_poster" title="Barack Obama "Hope" poster">"Hope" poster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_%22Joker%22_poster" title="Barack Obama "Joker" poster">"Joker" poster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_Like_Mine" title="Hair Like Mine">Hair Like Mine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situation_Room_(photograph)" title="Situation Room (photograph)">Situation Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iman_Crosson" title="Iman Crosson">Iman Crosson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Forgotten_Man_(painting)" title="The Forgotten Man (painting)">The Forgotten Man</a> (2010 painting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_Barack_Obama_(painting)" title="President Barack Obama (painting)">President Barack Obama</a> (2018 portrait)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obama_logo" title="Obama logo">Obama logo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_in_comics" title="Barack Obama in comics">In comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama%27s_summer_playlist" title="Barack Obama's summer playlist">Barack Obama's summer playlist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Day" title="Barack Obama Day">Barack Obama Day (Illinois)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obama_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Obama Day">Obama Day (Kenya)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_honors_and_awards_received_by_Barack_Obama" class="mw-redirect" title="List of honors and awards received by Barack Obama">Awards and honors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_Barack_Obama" title="List of things named after Barack Obama">Namesakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_Ground_Productions" title="Higher Ground Productions">Higher Ground Productions</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/One_Last_Time_(Hamilton_song)#Remix" title="One Last Time (Hamilton song)">One Last Time (44 Remix)</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunlight_before_signing" title="Sunlight before signing">Sunlight before signing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">← George W. Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump →</a></li></ul> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Barack_Obama" title="Category:Barack Obama">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump_(2017–2021)352" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="Template:First presidency of Donald Trump"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="Template talk:First presidency of Donald Trump"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="Special:EditPage/Template:First presidency of Donald Trump"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump_(2017–2021)352" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">First presidency of Donald Trump</a> (2017–2021)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tenure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidential transition of Donald Trump">Transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Donald_Trump" title="First inauguration of Donald Trump">Inauguration</a> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Donald_Trump%27s_First_Inaugural_Address" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Donald Trump's First Inaugural Address">speech</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_on_the_first_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Opinion polling on the first Donald Trump administration">Opinion polling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_opinion_polling_on_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="2017 opinion polling on the Donald Trump administration">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_opinion_polling_on_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="2018 opinion polling on the Donald Trump administration">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_opinion_polling_on_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="2019 opinion polling on the Donald Trump administration">2019</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_media_use_by_Donald_Trump" title="Social media use by Donald Trump">Social media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_United_States_elections" title="2018 United States elections">2018 midterm elections</a></li> <li>Government shutdowns <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_2018_United_States_federal_government_shutdown" title="January 2018 United States federal government shutdown">January 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%932019_United_States_federal_government_shutdown" title="2018–2019 United States federal government shutdown">2018–2019</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_executive_actions_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of executive actions by Donald Trump">Executive actions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_executive_orders_in_the_first_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="List of executive orders in the first presidency of Donald Trump">executive orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_proclamations_by_Donald_Trump" title="Lists of proclamations by Donald Trump">presidential proclamations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_George_H._W._Bush" title="Death and state funeral of George H. W. Bush">State funeral of George H. W. Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Ruth_Bader_Ginsburg" title="Death and state funeral of Ruth Bader Ginsburg">State funeral of Ruth Bader Ginsburg</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_granted_executive_clemency_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of people granted executive clemency by Donald Trump">Executive clemency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pardon_of_Joe_Arpaio" title="Pardon of Joe Arpaio">pardon of Joe Arpaio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Wallie_Howard_Jr." title="Murder of Wallie Howard Jr.">commutation of Jaime Davidson</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_travel_ban" title="Trump travel ban">Travel bans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_Executive_Order_13769" title="Reactions to Executive Order 13769">reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_challenges_to_the_Trump_travel_ban" title="Legal challenges to the Trump travel ban">legal challenges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_Executive_Order_13769" title="Protests against Executive Order 13769">protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13780" title="Executive Order 13780">replacement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13767" title="Executive Order 13767">Executive Order 13767</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_administration_family_separation_policy" title="Trump administration family separation policy">Family separation policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_administration_migrant_detentions" class="mw-redirect" title="Trump administration migrant detentions">Migrant detentions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Faithful_Patriot" title="Operation Faithful Patriot">Operation Faithful Patriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stormy_Daniels%E2%80%93Donald_Trump_scandal" title="Stormy Daniels–Donald Trump scandal">Stormy Daniels scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Am_Part_of_the_Resistance_Inside_the_Trump_Administration" title="I Am Part of the Resistance Inside the Trump Administration">Anonymous senior official op-ed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93United_States_relations#Trump_administration_(2017–2021)" title="Israel–United States relations">Relations with Israel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_recognition_of_Jerusalem_as_capital_of_Israel" title="United States recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel">Jerusalem recognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_recognition_of_the_Golan_Heights_as_part_of_Israel" title="United States recognition of the Golan Heights as part of Israel">Golan Heights recognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_peace_plan" title="Trump peace plan">Peace plan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Accords" title="Abraham Accords">Abraham Accords</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_normalization_agreement" title="Israel–United Arab Emirates normalization agreement">UAE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain%E2%80%93Israel_normalization_agreement" title="Bahrain–Israel normalization agreement">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Sudan_normalization_agreement" title="Israel–Sudan normalization agreement">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Morocco_normalization_agreement" title="Israel–Morocco normalization agreement">Morocco</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_and_Serbia_economic_normalization_agreements" title="Kosovo and Serbia economic normalization agreements">Kosovo–Serbia agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017%E2%80%932018_North_Korea_crisis" title="2017–2018 North Korea crisis">North Korea crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319_Korean_peace_process" title="2018–19 Korean peace process">peace process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Singapore_Summit" title="2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit">Singapore summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Hanoi_Summit" title="2019 North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit">Hanoi summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Koreas%E2%80%93United_States_DMZ_Summit" title="2019 Koreas–United States DMZ Summit">DMZ summit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump%E2%80%93Ukraine_scandal" title="Trump–Ukraine scandal">Trump–Ukraine scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93United_States_relations#Trump_administration_(2017–2021)" title="Russia–United States relations">Relations with Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Russia%E2%80%93United_States_summit" title="2018 Russia–United States summit">Helsinki summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Links_between_Trump_associates_and_Russian_officials" title="Links between Trump associates and Russian officials">Links between Trump administration and Russian government officials</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_bounty_program" title="Russian bounty program">Russian bounty program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_administration_farmer_bailouts" title="Trump administration farmer bailouts">Farmer bailouts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_United_States%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_arms_deal" title="2017 United States–Saudi Arabia arms deal">Saudi Arabia arms deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="US intervention in the Syrian civil war">Syria strikes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Shayrat_missile_strike" title="2017 Shayrat missile strike">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2018_missile_strikes_against_Syria" title="April 2018 missile strikes against Syria">2018</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_United_States_invasion_of_Venezuela" title="Proposed United States invasion of Venezuela">Proposed invasion of Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump%E2%80%93Tsai_call" title="Trump–Tsai call">Taiwan call</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action" title="United States withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action">Withdrawal from the Iran nuclear deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Qasem_Soleimani" title="Assassination of Qasem Soleimani">Assassination of Qasem Soleimani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_U.S._troop_withdrawal_from_Afghanistan" title="2020–2021 U.S. troop withdrawal from Afghanistan">Afghanistan withdrawal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._federal_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="U.S. federal government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic response</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communication_of_the_Trump_administration_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Communication of the Trump administration during the COVID-19 pandemic">Communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak" title="White House COVID-19 outbreak">White House COVID-19 outbreak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_interference_with_science_agencies_by_the_first_Trump_administration" title="Political interference with science agencies by the first Trump administration">Political interference with science agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_federal_government_data_breach" title="2020 United States federal government data breach">Federal government data breach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossfire_Hurricane_(FBI_investigation)" title="Crossfire Hurricane (FBI investigation)">Crossfire Hurricane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump%27s_disclosures_of_classified_information" title="Donald Trump's disclosures of classified information">Classified information disclosures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mueller_special_counsel_investigation" title="Mueller special counsel investigation">Mueller special counsel investigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham_special_counsel_investigation" title="Durham special counsel investigation">Durham special counsel investigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_affairs_of_Donald_Trump_as_president" title="Legal affairs of Donald Trump as president">Legal affairs</a></li> <li>Impeachments <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_Donald_Trump_during_his_first_presidency" class="mw-redirect" title="Efforts to impeach Donald Trump during his first presidency">efforts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_impeachment_resolutions_introduced_against_Donald_Trump" title="List of impeachment resolutions introduced against Donald Trump">resolutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_inquiry_into_Donald_Trump" title="Impeachment inquiry into Donald Trump">impeachment inquiry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump" title="First impeachment of Donald Trump">first impeachment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_impeachment_trial_of_Donald_Trump" title="First impeachment trial of Donald Trump">first trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second impeachment of Donald Trump">second impeachment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_impeachment_trial_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second impeachment trial of Donald Trump">second trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_expungements_of_the_impeachments_of_Donald_Trump" title="Proposed expungements of the impeachments of Donald Trump">proposed expungements</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namaste_Trump" title="Namaste Trump">Namaste Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_photo_op_at_St._John%27s_Church" title="Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church">Photo op at St. John's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Rushmore_Fireworks_Celebration" title="Mount Rushmore Fireworks Celebration">2020 Mount Rushmore Fireworks Celebration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Garden_of_American_Heroes" title="National Garden of American Heroes">National Garden of American Heroes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election">Attempts to overturn the 2020 presidential election</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trump_fake_electors_plot" title="Trump fake electors plot">Fake electors plot</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chesebro_memos" class="mw-redirect" title="Chesebro memos">Chesebro memos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastman_memos" title="Eastman memos">Eastman memos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-election_lawsuits_related_to_the_2020_U.S._presidential_election" title="Post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 U.S. presidential election">Lawsuits</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Texas_v._Pennsylvania" title="Texas v. Pennsylvania">Texas v. Pennsylvania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Clark_letter" title="Jeffrey Clark letter">Jeffrey Clark letter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="January 6 United States Capitol attack">January 6 United States Capitol attack</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="Timeline of the January 6 United States Capitol attack">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="Aftermath of the January 6 United States Capitol attack">aftermath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_United_States_inauguration_week_protests" title="2021 United States inauguration week protests">continued protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="Domestic reactions to the January 6 United States Capitol attack">domestic reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="International reactions to the January 6 United States Capitol attack">international reactions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_J._Trump_Presidential_Library" title="Donald J. Trump Presidential Library">Presidential Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of federal judges appointed by Donald Trump">Judicial appointments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Gorsuch_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Neil Gorsuch Supreme Court nomination">Gorsuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brett_Kavanaugh_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Brett Kavanaugh Supreme Court nomination">Kavanaugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Coney_Barrett_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Amy Coney Barrett Supreme Court nomination">Barrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="Donald Trump Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_judicial_appointment_controversies" title="Donald Trump judicial appointment controversies">controversies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Joe_Biden" title="Presidential transition of Joe Biden">Biden transition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidencies" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidencies">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_100_days_of_the_first_Donald_Trump_presidency" title="First 100 days of the first Donald Trump presidency">First 100 days</a></li> <li>2017 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Donald_Trump%27s_first_presidency_(2017_Q1)" title="Timeline of Donald Trump's first presidency (2017 Q1)">Q1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Donald_Trump%27s_first_presidency_(2017_Q2)" title="Timeline of Donald Trump's first presidency (2017 Q2)">Q2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Donald_Trump%27s_first_presidency_(2017_Q3)" title="Timeline of Donald Trump's first presidency (2017 Q3)">Q3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Donald_Trump%27s_first_presidency_(2017_Q4)" title="Timeline of Donald Trump's first presidency (2017 Q4)">Q4</a></li></ul></li> <li>2018 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Donald_Trump%27s_first_presidency_(2018_Q1)" title="Timeline of Donald Trump's first presidency (2018 Q1)">Q1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Donald_Trump%27s_first_presidency_(2018_Q2)" title="Timeline of Donald Trump's first presidency (2018 Q2)">Q2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Donald_Trump%27s_first_presidency_(2018_Q3)" title="Timeline of Donald Trump's first presidency (2018 Q3)">Q3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Donald_Trump%27s_first_presidency_(2018_Q4)" title="Timeline of Donald Trump's first presidency (2018 Q4)">Q4</a></li></ul></li> <li>2019 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Donald_Trump%27s_first_presidency_(2019_Q1)" title="Timeline of Donald Trump's first presidency (2019 Q1)">Q1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Donald_Trump%27s_first_presidency_(2019_Q2)" title="Timeline of Donald Trump's first presidency (2019 Q2)">Q2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Donald_Trump%27s_first_presidency_(2019_Q3)" title="Timeline of Donald Trump's first presidency (2019 Q3)">Q3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Donald_Trump%27s_first_presidency_(2019_Q4)" title="Timeline of Donald Trump's first presidency (2019 Q4)">Q4</a></li></ul></li> <li>2020 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Donald_Trump%27s_first_presidency_(2020_Q1)" title="Timeline of Donald Trump's first presidency (2020 Q1)">Q1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Donald_Trump%27s_first_presidency_(2020_Q2)" title="Timeline of Donald Trump's first presidency (2020 Q2)">Q2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Donald_Trump%27s_first_presidency_(2020_Q3)" title="Timeline of Donald Trump's first presidency (2020 Q3)">Q3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Donald_Trump%27s_first_presidency_(2020_Q4%E2%80%93January_2021)" title="Timeline of Donald Trump's first presidency (2020 Q4–January 2021)">Q4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Donald_Trump%27s_first_presidency_(2020_Q4%E2%80%93January_2021)#January_2021" title="Timeline of Donald Trump's first presidency (2020 Q4–January 2021)">January 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump">Trips</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_(2017)" title="List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2017)">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_(2018)" title="List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2018)">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_(2019)" title="List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2019)">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_(2020%E2%80%9321)" title="List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2020–21)">2020–2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of international presidential trips made by Donald Trump">international</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_Rex_Tillerson_as_United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="List of international trips made by Rex Tillerson as United States Secretary of State">by Rex Tillerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_Mike_Pompeo_as_United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="List of international trips made by Mike Pompeo as United States Secretary of State">by Mike Pompeo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Riyadh_summit" title="2017 Riyadh summit">Riyadh summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Singapore_Summit" title="2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit">Singapore summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Russia%E2%80%93United_States_summit" title="2018 Russia–United States summit">Helsinki summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Hanoi_Summit" title="2019 North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit">Hanoi summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Koreas%E2%80%93United_States_DMZ_Summit" title="2019 Koreas–United States DMZ Summit">DMZ summit</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Speeches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Donald_Trump_speech_to_a_joint_session_of_Congress" title="2017 Donald Trump speech to a joint session of Congress">Joint session of Congress</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Donald_Trump_speech_in_Warsaw" title="2017 Donald Trump speech in Warsaw">Warsaw speech</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_National_Scout_Jamboree" title="2017 National Scout Jamboree">National Scout Jamboree</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Union" title="State of the Union">State of the Union Address</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2018_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2018 State of the Union Address">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2019 State of the Union Address">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2020 State of the Union Address">2020</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Oval_Office_address" title="2019 Oval Office address">2019 Oval Office address</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Oval_Office_address" title="2020 Oval Office address">2020 Oval Office address</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump%27s_first_farewell_address" title="Donald Trump's first farewell address">Farewell address</a> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Donald_Trump" title="Political positions of Donald Trump">Policies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_first_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Economic policy of the first Donald Trump administration">Economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tax_Cuts_and_Jobs_Act" title="Tax Cuts and Jobs Act">tax cuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war" title="China–United States trade war">China trade war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Trump_tariffs" title="First Trump tariffs">tariffs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Mexico%E2%80%93Canada_Agreement" title="United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement">USMCA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_policy_of_the_first_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Environmental policy of the first Donald Trump administration">Environment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_and_the_Paris_Agreement" title="United States and the Paris Agreement">Paris Agreement withdrawal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/America%27s_Water_Infrastructure_Act_of_2018" title="America's Water Infrastructure Act of 2018">America's Water Infrastructure Act of 2018</a></li></ul></li> <li>Foreign policy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_Donald_Trump_during_the_2016_presidential_election" title="Foreign policy of Donald Trump during the 2016 presidential election">as candidate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_first_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Foreign policy of the first Donald Trump administration">as President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/America_First_(policy)" title="America First (policy)">America First</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_policy_of_the_first_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Immigration policy of the first Donald Trump administration">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_policy_of_Donald_Trump" title="Infrastructure policy of Donald Trump">Infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_views_of_Donald_Trump" title="Racial views of Donald Trump">Racial views</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_policy_of_the_first_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Social policy of the first Donald Trump administration">Social issues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_first_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Cannabis policy of the first Donald Trump administration">cannabis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_first_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Space policy of the first Donald Trump administration">Space policy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_appointments_of_the_first_Trump_administration" title="Political appointments of the first Trump administration">Personnel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_cabinet_of_Donald_Trump" title="First cabinet of Donald Trump">Cabinet</a> <ul><li>formation</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_appointed_by_Donald_Trump_(2017%E2%80%932021)" title="List of ambassadors appointed by Donald Trump (2017–2021)">Ambassadors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_attorneys_appointed_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of United States attorneys appointed by Donald Trump">Attorneys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_economic_advisors_to_Donald_Trump" title="List of economic advisors to Donald Trump">Economic advisors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_nominees_who_have_withdrawn" title="List of Donald Trump nominees who have withdrawn">Withdrawn appointees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_short-tenure_Donald_Trump_political_appointments" title="List of short-tenure Donald Trump political appointments">Short-tenure appointees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Trump_administration_dismissals_and_resignations" title="List of Trump administration dismissals and resignations">Dismissals and resignations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_dismissal_of_U.S._attorneys" title="2017 dismissal of U.S. attorneys">attorneys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dismissal_of_James_Comey" title="Dismissal of James Comey">Comey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_dismissal_of_inspectors_general" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 dismissal of inspectors general">inspectors general</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidency of Barack Obama">← Obama administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Joe_Biden" title="Presidency of Joe Biden">Biden administration →</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Joe_Biden826" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Joe_Biden" title="Template:Joe Biden"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Joe_Biden" title="Template talk:Joe Biden"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Joe_Biden" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Joe Biden"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Joe_Biden826" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">46th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (2021–2025)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of vice presidents of the United States">47th</a> <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President of the United States</a> (2009–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Delaware" title="List of United States senators from Delaware">from Delaware</a> (1973–2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early career</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_life_and_career_of_Joe_Biden" title="Early life and career of Joe Biden">Early life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_Senate_career_of_Joe_Biden" title="US Senate career of Joe Biden">U.S. Senate career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden#Vice_presidency_(2009–2017)" title="Joe Biden">Vice presidency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidential transition of Barack Obama">Obama transition</a></li> <li>Task forces <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Office_of_Gun_Violence_Prevention" title="White House Office of Gun Violence Prevention">Gun Violence Prevention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Task_Force_to_Protect_Students_from_Sexual_Assault" title="White House Task Force to Protect Students from Sexual Assault">Protect Students from Sexual Assault</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidential transition of Donald Trump">First Trump transition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classified_Information_Procedures_Act" title="Classified Information Procedures Act">Classified Information Procedures Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omnibus_Counterterrorism_Act_of_1995" title="Omnibus Counterterrorism Act of 1995">Counterterrorism Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_Against_Women_Act" title="Violence Against Women Act">Violence Against Women Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violent_Crime_Control_and_Law_Enforcement_Act" title="Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act">Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Joe_Biden" title="Presidency of Joe Biden">Presidency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of political appointments by Joe Biden">Appointments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Joe_Biden" title="Cabinet of Joe Biden">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_Agriculture_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of Agriculture appointments by Joe Biden">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_Commerce_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of Commerce appointments by Joe Biden">Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_Defense_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of Defense appointments by Joe Biden">Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_Education_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of Education appointments by Joe Biden">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_Energy_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of Energy appointments by Joe Biden">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Executive_Office_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Executive Office appointments by Joe Biden">Executive Office appointments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of Health and Human Services appointments by Joe Biden">HHS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_Homeland_Security_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of Homeland Security appointments by Joe Biden">Homeland Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of Housing and Urban Development appointments by Joe Biden">HUD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_the_Interior_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of the Interior appointments by Joe Biden">Interior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_Justice_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of Justice appointments by Joe Biden">Justice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_attorneys_appointed_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of United States attorneys appointed by Joe Biden">U.S. attorneys</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_Labor_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of Labor appointments by Joe Biden">Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_State_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of State appointments by Joe Biden">State</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_appointed_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of ambassadors appointed by Joe Biden">ambassadors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_Transportation_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of Transportation appointments by Joe Biden">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_the_Treasury_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of the Treasury appointments by Joe Biden">Treasury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_Veterans_Affairs_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of Veterans Affairs appointments by Joe Biden">Veterans Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of federal judges appointed by Joe Biden">Judicial appointments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ketanji_Brown_Jackson_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Ketanji Brown Jackson Supreme Court nomination">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="Joe Biden Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court candidates</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2021</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Rescue_Plan_Act_of_2021" title="American Rescue Plan Act of 2021">American Rescue Plan Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Police_Emergency_Assistance_Act_of_2021" title="Capitol Police Emergency Assistance Act of 2021">Capitol Police Emergency Assistance Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Appropriations_Act,_2022" title="Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022">Consolidated Appropriations Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_Investment_and_Jobs_Act" title="Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act">Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Authorization_Act_for_Fiscal_Year_2022" title="National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022">National Defense Authorization Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RENACER_Act" title="RENACER Act">RENACER Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Forced_Labor_Prevention_Act" title="Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act">Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2022</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bipartisan_Safer_Communities_Act" title="Bipartisan Safer Communities Act">Bipartisan Safer Communities Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHIPS_and_Science_Act" title="CHIPS and Science Act">CHIPS and Science Act</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Appropriations_Act,_2023" title="Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023">Consolidated Appropriations Act</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_Count_Reform_and_Presidential_Transition_Improvement_Act_of_2022" title="Electoral Count Reform and Presidential Transition Improvement Act of 2022">Electoral Count Reform and Presidential Transition Improvement Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merger_Filing_Fee_Modernization_Act_of_2021" title="Merger Filing Fee Modernization Act of 2021">Merger Filing Fee Modernization Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_TikTok_on_Government_Devices_Act" title="No TikTok on Government Devices Act">No TikTok on Government Devices Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnant_Workers_Fairness_Act" title="Pregnant Workers Fairness Act">Pregnant Workers Fairness Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Antitrust_Enforcement_Venue_Act_of_2021" title="State Antitrust Enforcement Venue Act of 2021">State Antitrust Enforcement Venue Act</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmett_Till_Antilynching_Act" title="Emmett Till Antilynching Act">Emmett Till Antilynching Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inflation_Reduction_Act" title="Inflation Reduction Act">Inflation Reduction Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_Marijuana_and_Cannabidiol_Research_Expansion_Act" title="Medical Marijuana and Cannabidiol Research Expansion Act">Medical Marijuana and Cannabidiol Research Expansion Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honoring_our_PACT_Act_of_2022" title="Honoring our PACT Act of 2022">PACT Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Authorization_Act_for_Fiscal_Year_2023" title="National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023">National Defense Authorization Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postal_Service_Reform_Act_of_2022" title="Postal Service Reform Act of 2022">Postal Service Reform Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Respect_for_Marriage_Act" title="Respect for Marriage Act">Respect for Marriage Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speak_Out_Act" title="Speak Out Act">Speak Out Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_Democracy_Defense_Lend-Lease_Act_of_2022" title="Ukraine Democracy Defense Lend-Lease Act of 2022">Ukraine Democracy Defense Lend-Lease Act</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2023</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Origin_Act_of_2023" title="COVID-19 Origin Act of 2023">COVID-19 Origin Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiscal_Responsibility_Act_of_2023" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023">Fiscal Responsibility Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Authorization_Act_for_Fiscal_Year_2024" title="National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024">National Defense Authorization Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agreement_on_Defense_Cooperation_between_Finland_and_the_United_States_of_America" title="Agreement on Defense Cooperation between Finland and the United States of America">DCA agreement between Finland and the US</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2024</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ADVANCE_Act" title="ADVANCE Act">ADVANCE Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Appropriations_Act,_2024" class="mw-redirect" title="Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024">Consolidated Appropriations Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Authorization_Act_for_Fiscal_Year_2025" title="National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025">National Defense Authorization Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Law_118-50" title="Public Law 118-50">National Security Act</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protecting_Americans_from_Foreign_Adversary_Controlled_Applications_Act" title="Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act">Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2025</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_Security_Fairness_Act" title="Social Security Fairness Act">Social Security Fairness Act</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Joe_Biden" title="Political positions of Joe Biden">Policies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Cannabis policy of the Joe Biden administration">Cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19 policy of the Joe Biden administration">COVID-19</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Advisory_Board" title="COVID-19 Advisory Board">COVID-19 Advisory Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_Response_Team" title="White House COVID-19 Response Team">White House COVID-19 Response Team</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Economic policy of the Joe Biden administration">Economic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biden_v._Nebraska" title="Biden v. Nebraska">Biden v. Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Build_Back_Better_Act" title="Build Back Better Act">Build Back Better Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Build_Back_Better_Plan" title="Build Back Better Plan">Build Back Better Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elementary_and_Secondary_School_Emergency_Relief_Fund" title="Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief Fund">Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief Fund</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_and_ethics_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Electoral and ethics policy of the Joe Biden administration">Electoral and ethical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Commission_on_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Presidential Commission on the Supreme Court of the United States">Presidential Commission on the Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summit_for_Democracy" title="Summit for Democracy">Summit for Democracy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Environmental policy of the Joe Biden administration">Environmental</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Leaders_Summit_on_Climate" title="2021 Leaders Summit on Climate">2021 Leaders Summit on Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13990" title="Executive Order 13990">Executive Order 13990</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Joe Biden administration">Foreign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Russia%E2%80%93United_States_summit" title="2021 Russia–United States summit">2021 Russia–United States summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Chinese_balloon_incident" title="2023 Chinese balloon incident">2023 Chinese balloon incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AUKUS" title="AUKUS">AUKUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American%E2%80%93Japanese%E2%80%93Korean_trilateral_pact" title="American–Japanese–Korean trilateral pact">Camp David Principles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_U.S._troop_withdrawal_from_Afghanistan" title="2020–2021 U.S. troop withdrawal from Afghanistan">Afghanistan withdrawal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ayman_al-Zawahiri" title="Killing of Ayman al-Zawahiri">killing of Ayman al-Zawahiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="United States and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">War in Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_visit_by_Volodymyr_Zelenskyy_to_the_United_States" title="2022 visit by Volodymyr Zelenskyy to the United States">2022 visit by Volodymyr Zelenskyy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_visit_by_Joe_Biden_to_Ukraine" title="2023 visit by Joe Biden to Ukraine">2023 visit to Ukraine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_support_for_Israel_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" class="mw-redirect" title="United States support for Israel in the Israel–Hamas war">War in Israel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_complicity_in_Israeli_war_crimes_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" class="mw-redirect" title="United States complicity in Israeli war crimes in the Israel–Hamas war">accusation of genocide complicity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Ankara_prisoner_exchange" title="2024 Ankara prisoner exchange">Ankara prisoner exchange</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Immigration policy of the Joe Biden administration">Immigration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_Proclamation_on_Securing_the_Border" title="A Proclamation on Securing the Border">A Proclamation on Securing the Border</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Social policy of the Joe Biden administration">Social</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_National_Day_of_Unity" title="2021 National Day of Unity">2021 National Day of Unity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Space policy of the Joe Biden administration">Space</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Joe_Biden" title="Presidential transition of Joe Biden">Transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Joe_Biden" title="Inauguration of Joe Biden">Inauguration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Security_preparations_for_the_inauguration_of_Joe_Biden" title="Security preparations for the inauguration of Joe Biden">security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celebrating_America" title="Celebrating America">Celebrating America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_United_States_inauguration_week_protests" title="2021 United States inauguration week protests">protests</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_100_days_of_Joe_Biden%27s_presidency" title="First 100 days of Joe Biden's presidency">First 100 days</a></li> <li>2021 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2021_Q1)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2021 Q1)">Q1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2021_Q2)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2021 Q2)">Q2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2021_Q3)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2021 Q3)">Q3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2021_Q4)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2021 Q4)">Q4</a></li></ul></li> <li>2022 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2022_Q1)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2022 Q1)">Q1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2022_Q2)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2022 Q2)">Q2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2022_Q3)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2022 Q3)">Q3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2022_Q4)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2022 Q4)">Q4</a></li></ul></li> <li>2023 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2023_Q1)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2023 Q1)">Q1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2023_Q2)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2023 Q2)">Q2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2023_Q3)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2023 Q3)">Q3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2023_Q4)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2023 Q4)">Q4</a></li></ul></li> <li>2024 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2024_Q1)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2024 Q1)">Q1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2024_Q2)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2024 Q2)">Q2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2024_Q3)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2024 Q3)">Q3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2024_Q4%E2%80%93January_2025)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2024 Q4–January 2025)">Q4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2024_Q4%E2%80%93January_2025)#January_2025" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2024 Q4–January 2025)">January 2025</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second presidential transition of Donald Trump">Second Trump transition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_classified_documents_incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Joe Biden classified documents incident">Classified documents incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_White_House_cocaine_incident" title="2023 White House cocaine incident">White House cocaine incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_Joe_Biden" title="Efforts to impeach Joe Biden">Efforts to impeach</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Oversight_Committee_investigation_into_the_Biden_family" title="United States House Oversight Committee investigation into the Biden family">House Oversight Committee investigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_inquiry_into_Joe_Biden" title="Impeachment inquiry into Joe Biden">inquiry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_executive_actions_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of executive actions by Joe Biden">Executive actions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_proclamations_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of proclamations by Joe Biden">proclamations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_on_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Opinion polling on the Joe Biden administration">Opinion polling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_opinion_polling_on_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="2021 opinion polling on the Joe Biden administration">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_opinion_polling_on_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="2022 opinion polling on the Joe Biden administration">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_opinion_polling_on_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="2023 opinion polling on the Joe Biden administration">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024%E2%80%932025_opinion_polling_on_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="2024–2025 opinion polling on the Joe Biden administration">2024–2025</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of presidential trips made by Joe Biden">Presidential trips</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of international presidential trips made by Joe Biden">international</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Joe_Biden_(2021)" title="List of presidential trips made by Joe Biden (2021)">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Joe_Biden_(2022)" title="List of presidential trips made by Joe Biden (2022)">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Joe_Biden_(2023)" title="List of presidential trips made by Joe Biden (2023)">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Joe_Biden_(2024%E2%80%9325)" title="List of presidential trips made by Joe Biden (2024–25)">2024–2025</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Death and state funeral of Jimmy Carter">Death and state funeral of Jimmy Carter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Joe_Biden" title="Electoral history of Joe Biden">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">U.S. Senate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_Senate_election_in_Delaware" title="1972 United States Senate election in Delaware">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_United_States_Senate_election_in_Delaware" title="1978 United States Senate election in Delaware">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_United_States_Senate_election_in_Delaware" title="1984 United States Senate election in Delaware">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_Senate_election_in_Delaware" title="1990 United States Senate election in Delaware">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_Senate_election_in_Delaware" title="1996 United States Senate election in Delaware">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_United_States_Senate_election_in_Delaware" title="2002 United States Senate election in Delaware">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_Senate_election_in_Delaware" title="2008 United States Senate election in Delaware">2008</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vice presidential</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign">2008 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2008 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2008 Democratic National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_debates#October_2:_Vice_presidential_debate_(Washington_University_in_St._Louis)" title="2008 United States presidential debates">debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Barack_Obama#Biden_Senate_transition" title="Presidential transition of Barack Obama">transition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Barack Obama 2012 presidential campaign">2012 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2012 Democratic National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_debates#October_11:_Vice_presidential_debate_(Centre_College)" title="2012 United States presidential debates">debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">election</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidential</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_1988_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 1988 presidential campaign">1988 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1988_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1988 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 2008 presidential campaign">2008 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2008 Democratic Party presidential debates and forums">debates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign">2020 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_celebrity_endorsements" title="List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign celebrity endorsements">celebrity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements_from_organizations" title="List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign endorsements from organizations">organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_congressional_endorsements" title="List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign congressional endorsements">Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_state_and_territorial_legislative_endorsements" title="List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign state and territorial legislative endorsements">state and territorial officials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_municipal_endorsements" title="List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign municipal endorsements">municipal officials</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_primary_endorsements" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign primary endorsements">endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_debates" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential debates">debates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biden-Sanders_Unity_Task_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Biden-Sanders Unity Task Forces">Unity Task Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2020 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">running mate selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2020 Democratic National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2020 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_United_States_election_protests" title="2020–21 United States election protests">protests</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 2024 presidential campaign">2024 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_Joe_Biden_from_the_2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="Withdrawal of Joe Biden from the 2024 United States presidential election">withdrawal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Democrats_who_opposed_the_Joe_Biden_2024_presidential_campaign" title="List of Democrats who opposed the Joe Biden 2024 presidential campaign">Democratic opposition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2024_presidential_campaign_primary_endorsements" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Joe Biden 2024 presidential campaign primary endorsements">endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war_protest_vote_movements" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel–Hamas war protest vote movements">protest vote movements</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Joe_Biden%E2%80%93Donald_Trump_presidential_debate" title="2024 Joe Biden–Donald Trump presidential debate">debate</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Family_of_Joe_Biden" title="Family of Joe Biden">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Francis_Blewitt" title="Edward Francis Blewitt">Edward Francis Blewitt</a> (great-grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neilia_Hunter_Biden" title="Neilia Hunter Biden">Neilia Hunter Biden</a> (first wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Biden" title="Jill Biden">Jill Biden</a> (second wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Biden" title="James Biden">James Biden</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerie_Biden_Owens" title="Valerie Biden Owens">Valerie Biden Owens</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beau_Biden" title="Beau Biden">Beau Biden</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_Biden" title="Hunter Biden">Hunter Biden</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashley_Biden" title="Ashley Biden">Ashley Biden</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Krein" title="Howard Krein">Howard Krein</a> (son-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallie_Olivere_Biden" title="Hallie Olivere Biden">Hallie Olivere Biden</a> (daughter-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Buhle" title="Kathleen Buhle">Kathleen Buhle</a> (former daughter-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melissa_Cohen_Biden" title="Melissa Cohen Biden">Melissa Cohen Biden</a> (daughter-in-law)</li> <li>Dogs <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Champ_(dog)" title="Champ (dog)">Champ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_(Joe_Biden%27s_dog)" title="Major (Joe Biden's dog)">Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commander_(dog)" title="Commander (dog)">Commander</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cat <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Willow_(cat)" title="Willow (cat)">Willow</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Joe_Biden" title="Bibliography of Joe Biden">Writings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Promises_to_Keep_(memoir)" title="Promises to Keep (memoir)">Promises to Keep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promise_Me,_Dad" title="Promise Me, Dad">Promise Me, Dad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomorrow_Will_Be_Different" title="Tomorrow Will Be Different">Tomorrow Will Be Different (foreword)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Speeches_of_Joe_Biden" title="Speeches of Joe Biden">Speeches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Joe_Biden#Inaugural_address" title="Inauguration of Joe Biden">Inaugural address</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Joe_Biden_speech_to_a_joint_session_of_Congress" title="2021 Joe Biden speech to a joint session of Congress">Joint session of Congress</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Union" title="State of the Union">State of the Union Address</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2022 State of the Union Address">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2023 State of the Union Address">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2024 State of the Union Address">2024</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Joe_Biden_speech_in_Warsaw" title="2022 Joe Biden speech in Warsaw">Warsaw speech</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_for_the_Soul_of_the_Nation_speech" title="Battle for the Soul of the Nation speech">Battle for the Soul of the Nation speech</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden%27s_farewell_address" title="Joe Biden's farewell address">Farewell address</a> (2025)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media depictions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confirmation_(film)" title="Confirmation (film)">Confirmation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Choice_2020" title="The Choice 2020">The Choice 2020</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Intro_to_Political_Science" title="Intro to Political Science">Intro to Political Science</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_Son_Hunter" title="My Son Hunter">My Son Hunter</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/One_Last_Ride" title="One Last Ride">One Last Ride</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_(The_Onion)" title="Joe Biden (The Onion)">The Onion's "Diamond Joe"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Cartoon_President" title="Our Cartoon President">Our Cartoon President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live_parodies_of_Joe_Biden" title="Saturday Night Live parodies of Joe Biden">Saturday Night Live parodies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spitting_Image_(2020_TV_series)" title="Spitting Image (2020 TV series)">Spitting Image</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Joe_Biden" title="Age and health concerns about Joe Biden">Age and health concerns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_honors_received_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of awards and honors received by Joe Biden">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beau_Biden_Cancer_Moonshot" class="mw-redirect" title="Beau Biden Cancer Moonshot">Beau Biden Cancer Moonshot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biden_Foundation" title="Biden Foundation">Biden Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_R._Biden_Jr._Presidential_Library" title="Joseph R. Biden Jr. Presidential Library">Biden Presidential Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biden%E2%80%93Ukraine_conspiracy_theory" title="Biden–Ukraine conspiracy theory">Biden–Ukraine conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buy_a_shotgun" title="Buy a shotgun">Buy a shotgun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_Joe_Biden" title="List of things named after Joe Biden">Eponyms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_Biden_laptop_controversy" title="Hunter Biden laptop controversy">Hunter Biden laptop controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Did_That!" title="I Did That!">I Did That!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Let%27s_Go_Brandon" title="Let's Go Brandon">Let's Go Brandon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_image_of_Joe_Biden" title="Public image of Joe Biden">Public image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_sexual_assault_allegation" class="mw-redirect" title="Joe Biden sexual assault allegation">Sexual assault allegation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situation_Room_(photograph)" title="Situation Room (photograph)">Situation Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleepy_Joe_(nickname)" title="Sleepy Joe (nickname)">Sleepy Joe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump%E2%80%93Ukraine_scandal" title="Trump–Ukraine scandal">Trump–Ukraine scandal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">← Donald Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump →</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">← Dick Cheney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence →</a></li></ul> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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