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university</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: private university"> <meta name="keywords" content="private university"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="private university"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 5888</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: private university</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5888</span> Reculturing: The Key to Sustainability of Private Universities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu%20Sing%20Ong">Yu Sing Ong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article explores the key issues and challenges facing private university leaders today. Universities are reculturing their operational processes, academic content and interactions with stakeholders. Many challenges centred around the need for university leaders to reculture the institutions and the redesigning of the teaching profession. It recommends a framework for university leaders to deal with the challenges they face. Only through reculturing, private universities can maintain the sustainability of its workforce and student population. The article has both theoretical and practical significance for private university leaders to follow. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=university%20leadership" title="university leadership">university leadership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reculturing" title=" reculturing"> reculturing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=improvement" title=" improvement"> improvement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teacher%20education" title=" teacher education"> teacher education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motivation" title=" motivation"> motivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=private%20education" title=" private education"> private education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50099/reculturing-the-key-to-sustainability-of-private-universities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50099.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">260</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5887</span> Evaluating the Quality of Private University Websites in Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rubijesmin%20Abdul%20Latif">Rubijesmin Abdul Latif</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper focuses on evaluating what are quality components of university websites in Malaysia especially the private universities. It is believed that with websites that prioritize quality, the websites will serve its intended users satisfactory. From the compiled analysis of other studies, quality components were identified and tested among 30 randomly selected respondents. Four Malaysia private university websites were compared and the highlights were better understanding of what users want for a quality university website. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=website%20evaluation" title="website evaluation">website evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=criteria" title=" criteria"> criteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality" title=" quality"> quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=usability" title=" usability"> usability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=user%20experience" title=" user experience"> user experience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=university%20website" title=" university website"> university website</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51220/evaluating-the-quality-of-private-university-websites-in-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51220.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">373</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5886</span> Private University Students’ Travel Mode Choice Behaviour to University: Analysis in the Context of Dhaka City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sharmin%20Nasrin">Sharmin Nasrin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dhaka is the capital of Bangladesh. In Dhaka among other trips, significant percentages of trips comprise education trips. This paper explores significant factors for private university students’ education trip to the University. A paper pencil based survey has been conducted on Asia Pacific University student in Dhaka from May 2016 to July 2016. Participants were chosen randomly for the survey. Exploratory analysis showed that about 50% chose bus, 33% chose Rickshaw, 2% chose car and 15% chose to walk for travel to their University. Results from Multinomial Logit model revealed that travel cost, travel time and comfort are the significant factors for private university students to choose different modes. However, magnitude of coefficient of attribute comfort is significantly higher compared to travel cost and travel time. Result from this paper can be used by policymakers and Government agencies to provide more cost effective, comfortable journey to their University. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=private%20university%20student%27s%20education%20trip" title="private university student's education trip">private university student's education trip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mode%20choice%20mode" title=" mode choice mode"> mode choice mode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dhaka" title=" Dhaka"> Dhaka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=developing%20country" title=" developing country"> developing country</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64907/private-university-students-travel-mode-choice-behaviour-to-university-analysis-in-the-context-of-dhaka-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64907.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">456</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5885</span> Private Universities and Socio-Economic Development of Host Communities: The Case of Fountain University, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ganiyu%20Rasaq%20Omokeji">Ganiyu Rasaq Omokeji</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The growing recognition of the pivotal role of universities in promoting socio-economic development has led to a focus upon the expansion of the sector around the world. As the economy and society become more ‘knowledge intensive’, the role of universities in development is more onerous than just teaching, research, and service. It is to help create the open society upon which the progress of ideas depends on. Driven to fulfill this role, universities are likely to become even more important in building regional networks of their host communities. Currently, there are about 129 universities in Nigeria, with a total number of 37 federal, 36 state, and 56 privately owned universities. Fountain University is among the private universities in Nigeria located in Osogbo, Osun State. The university is committed to the total development of men and women in an enabling environment, through appropriate teaching, research, and service to humanity, influenced by Islamic ethics and culture. The university focuses on educational development and growth that are relevant to the nation’s manpower needs and global competitiveness through a gradual but steady process. This paper examines the role of Private University in the socio-economic development of host community using Fountain University as a case study. The research methodology design for this paper has a total of 200 respondents. The research instrument of data collection was a questionnaire and in-depth interview (IDI). The finding reveals that Fountain University plays an important role in socio-economic and cultural development through their Islamic culture. The paper recommend that universities must bridge the gaps between creative individual with innovative ideas and the application of technology for economic progress and social betterment of their host communities. University also must serve as a bridge that carries the traffic of social and economic development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=private%20university" title="private university">private university</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socio-economic%20development" title=" socio-economic development"> socio-economic development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=host%20communities" title=" host communities"> host communities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=role%20of%20universities%20and%20community%20development" title=" role of universities and community development"> role of universities and community development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15835/private-universities-and-socio-economic-development-of-host-communities-the-case-of-fountain-university-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15835.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">284</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5884</span> Semantic Analysis of the Change in Awareness of Korean College Admission Policy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sujin%20Hwang">Sujin Hwang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyerang%20Park"> Hyerang Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyunchul%20Kim"> Hyunchul Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study is to find the effectiveness of the admission simplification policy. The number of online news articles about ‘high school record’ was collected and semantically analyzed to identify and analyze the social awareness during 2014 to 2015. The main results of the study are as follows: First, there was a difference in expectations that the burden of the examinees would decrease as announced by KCUE. Thus, there was still a strain on the university entrance exam after the enforcement of the policy. Second, private tutoring is expanding in different forms, rather than reducing the policy. It is different from the prediction that examinees can prepare for university admissions without the private tutoring. Thus, the college admission rules currently enforced needs to be improved. The reasonable college admission system changes are discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education%20policy" title="education policy">education policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=private%20tutoring" title=" private tutoring"> private tutoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shadow%20education" title=" shadow education"> shadow education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education%20admission%20policy" title=" education admission policy"> education admission policy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84656/semantic-analysis-of-the-change-in-awareness-of-korean-college-admission-policy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84656.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">227</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5883</span> Universal Design Implementation in a Private University; Investment, Decision Making, Perceptions and the Value of Social Capital</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sridara%20Tipian">Sridara Tipian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Henry%20Skates%20Jr."> Henry Skates Jr.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antika%20Sawadsri"> Antika Sawadsri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is widely recognized that universal design should be implemented as broadly as possible to benefit as many groups and sub groups of people within a society. In Thailand, public buildings such as public universities are obvious places where the benefits of universal design principles are easily appreciated and applied, but there are other building types such as private universities where the benefits may not be just as obvious. In these buildings, the implementation of universal design is not always achieved. There are many reasons given for this among which is the perceived additional cost of implementation. This paper argues that social capital should be taken into consideration when such decisions are being made. The paper investigates the background, principles and theories pertaining to universal design and using a case study of a private university, investigates the implementation of universal design against the background of current legislation and the perceptions of the private university administrators. The study examines the physical facilities of the case study university in the context of current theories and principles of universal design alongside the legal requirements for same. A survey of building users evaluates knowledge of and attitudes to universal design. The research shows that although administrators perceive the initial cost of investment to be prohibitive in the short term, in the long term, changes in societal values in relation to social inclusiveness are changing and that the social capital of investing in universal design should not be underestimated. The results of this study should provide greater incentive for the enforcement of the legal requirements for universal design in Thailand. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20buildings" title="public buildings">public buildings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20facilities" title=" physical facilities"> physical facilities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20capital%20private%20university" title=" social capital private university"> social capital private university</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=investment" title=" investment"> investment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision%20making" title=" decision making"> decision making</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=value" title=" value"> value</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enforcement" title=" enforcement"> enforcement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=legal%20requirements" title=" legal requirements"> legal requirements</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41923/universal-design-implementation-in-a-private-university-investment-decision-making-perceptions-and-the-value-of-social-capital" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41923.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">277</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5882</span> Measuring Satisfaction with Life Construct Among Public and Private University Students During COVID-19 Pandemic in Sabah, Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Dahlan%20Abdul%20Malek">Mohd Dahlan Abdul Malek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhamad%20Idris"> Muhamad Idris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adi%20Fahrudin"> Adi Fahrudin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ida%20Shafinaz%20Mohamed%20Kamil"> Ida Shafinaz Mohamed Kamil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Husmiati%20Yusuf"> Husmiati Yusuf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edeymend%20Reny%20Japil"> Edeymend Reny Japil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wan%20Anor%20Wan%20Sulaiman"> Wan Anor Wan Sulaiman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lailawati%20Madlan"> Lailawati Madlan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alfred%20Chan"> Alfred Chan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurfarhana%20Adillah%20Aftar"> Nurfarhana Adillah Aftar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahirah%20Masdin"> Mahirah Masdin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research intended to develop a valid and reliable instrument of the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) to measure satisfaction with life (SWL) constructs among public and private university students in Sabah, Malaysia, through the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) procedure. The pilot study obtained a sample of 108 students from public and private education institutions in Sabah, Malaysia, through an online survey using a self-administered questionnaire. The researchers performed the EFA procedure on SWL construct using IBM SPSS 25. The Bartletts' Test of Sphericity is highly significant (Sig. = .000). Furthermore, the sampling adequacy by Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO = 0.839) is excellent. Using the extraction method of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with Varimax Rotation, a component of the SWL construct is extracted with an eigenvalue of 3.101. The variance explained for this component is 62.030%. The construct of SWL has Cronbach's alpha value of .817. The development scale and validation confirmed that the instrument is consistent and stable with both private and public college and university student samples. It adds a remarkable contribution to the measurement of SWLS, mainly in the context of higher education institution students. The EFA outcomes formed a configuration that extracts a component of SWL, which can be measured by the original five items established in this research. This research reveals that the SWL construct is applicable to this study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=satisfaction" title="satisfaction">satisfaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=university%20students" title=" university students"> university students</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=measurement" title=" measurement"> measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scale%20development" title=" scale development"> scale development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168675/measuring-satisfaction-with-life-construct-among-public-and-private-university-students-during-covid-19-pandemic-in-sabah-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168675.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">91</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5881</span> Preparing Japanese University Students for an Increasingly Diverse Workplace</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jane%20O%60Halloran">Jane O`Halloran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Japanese university students have traditionally shown antipathy towards English due to a generally unsatisfactory language-learning experience at the secondary level with a focus on grammar and translation rather than communication. The situation has become urgent, however, due to the rapid decline in the Japanese population, which will present both difficulties and opportunities as employees will increasingly be forced to use English in the workplace. For university lecturers, the challenge is to overcome the students` apathy and convince them of the need for English in the increasingly diverse workplaces they will be entering. This article will illustrate how English teachers and content teachers at a private science university came together to address this quandary. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=student%20motivation" title="student motivation">student motivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CLIL" title=" CLIL"> CLIL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=globalization" title=" globalization"> globalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=demographics" title=" demographics"> demographics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166793/preparing-japanese-university-students-for-an-increasingly-diverse-workplace" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166793.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">104</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5880</span> The Development of a Nanofiber Membrane for Outdoor and Activity Related Purposes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roman%20Knizek">Roman Knizek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Denisa%20Knizkova"> Denisa Knizkova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper describes the development of a nanofiber membrane for sport and outdoor use at the Technical University of Liberec (TUL) and the following cooperation with a private Czech company which launched this product onto the market. For making this membrane, Polyurethan was electrospun on the Nanospider spinning machine, and a wire string electrode was used. The created nanofiber membrane with a nanofiber diameter of 150 nm was subsequently hydrophobisied using a low vacuum plasma and Fluorocarbon monomer C6 type. After this hydrophobic treatment, the nanofiber membrane contact angle was higher than 125o, and its oleophobicity was 6. The last step was a lamination of this nanofiber membrane with a woven or knitted fabric to create a 3-layer laminate. Gravure printing technology and polyurethane hot-melt adhesive were used. The gravure roller has a mesh of 17. The resulting 3-layer laminate has a water vapor permeability Ret of 1.6 [Pa.m2.W-1] (– measured in compliance with ISO 11092), it is 100% windproof (– measured in compliance with ISO 9237), and the water column is above 10 000 mm (– measured in compliance with ISO 20811). This nanofiber membrane which was developed in the laboratories of the Technical University of Liberec was then produced industrially by a private company. A low vacuum plasma line and a lamination line were needed for industrial production, and the process had to be fine-tuned to achieve the same parameters as those achieved in the TUL laboratories. The result of this work is a newly developed nanofiber membrane which offers much better properties, especially water vapor permeability, than other competitive membranes. It is an example of product development and the consequent fine-tuning for industrial production; it is also an example of the cooperation between a Czech state university and a private company. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanofiber%20membrane" title="nanofiber membrane">nanofiber membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=start-up" title=" start-up"> start-up</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=state%20university" title=" state university"> state university</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=private%20company" title=" private company"> private company</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=product" title=" product"> product</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105284/the-development-of-a-nanofiber-membrane-for-outdoor-and-activity-related-purposes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105284.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5879</span> Does Inflation Affect Private Investment in Nigeria?</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amassoma%20Ditimi">Amassoma Ditimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nwosa%20Philip%20Ifeakachukwu"> Nwosa Philip Ifeakachukwu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examined the impact of inflation on private investment in Nigeria for the period 1980 to 2012. Private investment was measured by foreign direct investment and private domestic investment. The study employed the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) technique. The empirical regression estimate showed that inflation had a positive but insignificant effect on private investment in Nigeria; implying that although an increase in inflation rate leads to a corresponding increase in private investment but however the effect was found to be insignificant. Thus, the study recommended that government should prevent high inflation rate that can negatively affect private investment in Nigeria and government should also put in place appropriate facilities that are investment enhancing in order to increase the level of both domestic and foreign private investment in Nigeria. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inflation%20rate" title="inflation rate">inflation rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=private%20investment" title=" private investment"> private investment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OLS" title=" OLS"> OLS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33214/does-inflation-affect-private-investment-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33214.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">373</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5878</span> Models of Start-Ups Created in Cooperation with a State University</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roman%20Knizek">Roman Knizek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Denisa%20Knizkova"> Denisa Knizkova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ludmila%20Fridrichova"> Ludmila Fridrichova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The academic environment in Central Europe has recently been transforming itself and is trying to link its research and development with the private sector. However, compared to Western countries, there is a lack of history and continuity because of the centrally controlled economy from the end of the Second World War until the early 1990s. There are two basic models of how to carry out technology transfer between the academic and the business world. The first is to develop something new and then find a suitable private sector partner; the second is to find a partner who has the basic idea and then develop something new in collaboration. This study, unlike some other ones, describes two specific cases that took place in cooperation with the Technical University of Liberec, Faculty of Textiles. As was said before, in one case, a product was first developed, and after that, an investor was sought, and in the other case, there was an investor who wanted a specific product and wanted to help with its development. The study describes the various advantages and disadvantages, including a practical example of the creation of a subsequent start-up. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=start-up" title="start-up">start-up</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=state%20university" title=" state university"> state university</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=academic%20environment" title=" academic environment"> academic environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=licensing%20agreement" title=" licensing agreement"> licensing agreement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193009/models-of-start-ups-created-in-cooperation-with-a-state-university" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193009.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">18</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5877</span> Religion, Education, and Nation: Anticlerical Principle of France and Private School Law of South Korea</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minjeoung%20Kim">Minjeoung Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The education plays an important role of political socialization in politics. In Korean and in France, religion in education is situated in an important place, but religious education in school is dealt differently in two countries. In this article, the author tries to reveal the reason why in France private Catholic schools can keep their religious discipline, but in Korea, private Christian schools cannot insist Christianism to their students. This is because of the different situation of their budget. In Korea, even though private schools are named ‘private’, they cannot be managed without government subsidy but in France, private Catholic schools are owned by private foundation and their budget is based on their own resource. That’s why French private schools do not need to follow governmental guidance but not in Korean case. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=religion" title="religion">religion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=politics" title=" politics"> politics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=South%20Korea" title=" South Korea"> South Korea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=France" title=" France"> France</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88673/religion-education-and-nation-anticlerical-principle-of-france-and-private-school-law-of-south-korea" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88673.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">192</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5876</span> The Role of the Founding Ideals of a University in Higher Education</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masanori%20Kimura">Masanori Kimura</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The “founding spirit” of a Japanese university is similar to the mission statement of a Western university, but the difference between the two is that the former more closely reflects the founder’s inner world because it usually originates from the strong personal beliefs that the founder held when establishing the university. To find how much this ideology actually valued in today’s higher education, this paper surveys 2091 job openings for foreign language full-time faculty positions, posted by Japanese private universities from 2012 to 2016. The results suggest that women’s universities and universities with religious affiliations have a tendency to request that successful candidates observe their founding spirit, or at least demonstrate some understanding of the ideology after being hired. On the other hand, co-ed universities and universities with no religious affiliations do not show such a distinct tendency. A chi-square test revealed that this difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p<.01). Furthermore, the paper argues that it is not always appropriate for universities to evaluate themselves based on a single evaluation scale such as university rankings, and that both faculty and staff members need to be more aware of the founding spirit to improve the quality of the education the university provides. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=founding%20spirit" title="founding spirit">founding spirit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20education" title=" higher education"> higher education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=university%20administrative%20management" title=" university administrative management"> university administrative management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=university%20evaluation" title=" university evaluation"> university evaluation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66533/the-role-of-the-founding-ideals-of-a-university-in-higher-education" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66533.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">279</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5875</span> IEP Curriculum to Include For-Credit University English Classes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cheyne%20Kirkpatrick">Cheyne Kirkpatrick</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In an attempt to make the university intensive English program more worthwhile for students, many English language programs are redesigning curriculum to offer for-credit English for Academic Purposes classes, sometimes marketed as “bridge” courses. These programs are designed to be accredited to national language standards, provide communicative language learning, and give students the opportunity to simultaneously earn university language credit while becoming proficient in academic English. This presentation will discuss the curriculum design of one such program in the United States at a large private university that created its own for-credit “bridge” program. The planning, development, piloting, teaching, and challenges of designing this type of curriculum will be presented along with the aspects of accreditation, communicative language learning, and integration within various university programs. Attendees will learn about how such programs are created and what types of objectives and outcomes are included in American EAP classes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IEP" title="IEP">IEP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AEP" title=" AEP"> AEP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Curriculum" title=" Curriculum"> Curriculum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CEFR" title=" CEFR"> CEFR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=University%20Credit" title=" University Credit"> University Credit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bridge" title=" Bridge"> Bridge</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19555/iep-curriculum-to-include-for-credit-university-english-classes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19555.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">484</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5874</span> Measuring the Effect of Intercollegiate Athletic Success on Private Giving and Enrollment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamie%20L.%20Stangel">Jamie L. Stangel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Increased popularity and visibility of college athletics have contributed to an environment in which institutions -most of which lack self-sufficient athletics department budgets- reallocate monies from the university general fund and seek additional funding sources to keep up with increasing levels of spending on athletics. Given the prevalence of debates on student debt levels, coach salaries, and athlete pay, empirical evidence on whether this spending yields an expected return on investment is necessary. This study considered the relationship between the independent variable of the winning percentage of the men’s basketball team at a mid-major university, moderated by NCAA tournament appearance, number of applicants, number of enrollments, average SAT score of students, and donor giving to the university general and athletic funds. The results indicate that, other than a small correlation between athletic success and number of applicants, only when NCAA tournament appearance is used as a moderating variable, these purported benefits are not supported, suggesting the need for a reevaluation of athletic department spending and perceptions on tangible and intangible benefits for universities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=athletic%20success" title="athletic success">athletic success</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enrollment" title=" enrollment"> enrollment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NCAA" title=" NCAA"> NCAA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=private%20giving" title=" private giving"> private giving</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147654/measuring-the-effect-of-intercollegiate-athletic-success-on-private-giving-and-enrollment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147654.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">128</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5873</span> Perception of Agricultural Extension Agents of Private Sector Participation in Extension Services in Ogun State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20O.%20Fakoya">E. O. Fakoya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20G.%20Abiona"> B. G. Abiona</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20O.%20Soetan"> J. O. Soetan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study determined Perception of Agricultural Extension Agents of Private Sector Participation in Extension Services in Ogun State, Nigeria. Data were collected from 80 respondents with a well-structured questionnaire. The result of the findings showed that there is need for private sector participation in extension services (=4.313), private extension services has facilities than public extension services (=4.97). Private sector participated in extension services by: giving of loans and credits to farmers (=4.50). Major constraints identified by the respondents were: Transportation problem (=2.88) and lack of fund (=2.77) A significant relationship (P<0.05) exists between factors affecting public extension services(r = 0.641, p = 0.00) and private sector participation in extension services. It was concluded from the study that there is need for private sector to participate in extension service in order to improve productivity of the farmers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agricultural%20extension" title="agricultural extension">agricultural extension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extension%20agent" title=" extension agent"> extension agent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=private%20sector" title=" private sector"> private sector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perception" title=" perception"> perception</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12500/perception-of-agricultural-extension-agents-of-private-sector-participation-in-extension-services-in-ogun-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12500.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">589</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5872</span> Balancing Rule of Law, Human Rights and Governance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Torkan%20Jabbariraad">Torkan Jabbariraad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study explores the role of private regulation as a mode of governance that engages non-state actors in establishing and implementing rules or standards for public goods or services. It examines the various forms, functions, and effects of private regulation on the rule of law and human rights and considers the role and duties of public authorities in monitoring and supporting private regulation. It contends that private regulation should be regarded as a beneficial supplement to public regulation rather than a substitute or rival and that public authorities should find a balance between acknowledging the independence and variety of private actors and securing their accountability and legitimacy. It also recommends that applying the principles and values of good governance to private regulation can improve its quality and efficiency. The study relies on various sources and viewpoints from the literature on governance theory, public law, and human rights and suggests further research and discussion on the topic of private regulation and its consequences for society. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=private%20regulation" title="private regulation">private regulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20authority" title=" public authority"> public authority</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=governance%20theory" title=" governance theory"> governance theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rule%20of%20law" title=" rule of law"> rule of law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20rights" title=" human rights"> human rights</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185985/balancing-rule-of-law-human-rights-and-governance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185985.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">43</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5871</span> The Lived Experience of Siblings of Autistic Children; From the Private to Public Sphere</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kiana%20Taghikhan">Kiana Taghikhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shamim%20Sherafat"> Shamim Sherafat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mostafa%20Taheri"> Mostafa Taheri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Although many people with autism spectrum disorder around the world face many problems and challenges, their conditions may unintentionally affect the lives of the people around them. In this research the experiences of siblings of autistic children have been investigated in both the public and private spheres of their lives. "Private sphere" includes the experiences of research participants in socializing with relatives and family, assignments and responsibilities, as well as how they spend their leisure time and lifestyle. The "public sphere" includes the experience of their presence in society, such as university, or workplace and any outdoor activities that could have been affected by their sibling’s disorder. The present research has been done using the qualitative research method and in-depth interview technique with siblings of autistic children. The sample population is 15 individuals who participated in the research theoretically and purposefully. Based on the findings, the private and social experiences of these individuals is very different compared to peers who do not have siblings with autism disorder in the family. The difference is to such an extent that causes them to separate and distance themselves from other members of the society, and depending on their special conditions, it can affect their goals and life opportunities such as job, marriage, having children, etc. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autism%20spectrum%20disorder" title="autism spectrum disorder">autism spectrum disorder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=siblings" title=" siblings"> siblings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=private%20sphere" title=" private sphere"> private sphere</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20sphere" title=" public sphere"> public sphere</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190021/the-lived-experience-of-siblings-of-autistic-children-from-the-private-to-public-sphere" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190021.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">32</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5870</span> Behavior of Engineering Students in Kuwait University</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20A.%20Al-Ajmi">Mohammed A. Al-Ajmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reem%20S.%20Al-Kandari"> Reem S. Al-Kandari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is concerned with the behavior of engineering students in Kuwait University which became a concern due to the global issues of education in all levels. A survey has been conducted to identify academic and societal issues that affect the engineering student performance through. The study is drawing major conclusions with regard to private tutoring and the online availability of textbooks’ solution manuals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solution%20manual" title="solution manual">solution manual</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engineering" title=" engineering"> engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=textbook" title=" textbook"> textbook</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethics" title=" ethics"> ethics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3516/behavior-of-engineering-students-in-kuwait-university" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3516.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">492</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5869</span> An Institutional Leadership Framework on University Academics’ Decision to Become Institutional Leaders: A Malaysian Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norazharuddin%20Shah%20Abdullah">Norazharuddin Shah Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harshita%20Aini%20Haroon"> Harshita Aini Haroon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norazian%20Mohmad%20Azman"> Norazian Mohmad Azman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erlane%20K.%20Ghani"> Erlane K. Ghani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ismie%20Roha%20Mohamed%20Jais"> Ismie Roha Mohamed Jais</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamaruzzaman%20Muhammad"> Kamaruzzaman Muhammad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azleen%20Ilias"> Azleen Ilias</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examines the factors that influence academics' decisions to accept or decline leadership roles in Malaysian universities. A questionnaire survey was distributed to a total of 1771 academics from public and private institutions in Malaysia. This study shows that the majority of academics in universities, regardless of whether they are public or private, have a reluctance to take on administrative roles. In particular, this study shows that female academics in public universities have no ambition for administrative roles, while female academics in private universities show a strong enthusiasm for taking up administrative positions. In terms of age, academics of all age groups made comparable choices, but academics who are under 30 years old have a greater propensity to aspire to an administrative position. Associate professors at private universities also opt for an administrative position. The factors that influence academics' decisions to accept or decline an administrative position are categorised into five categories: career development, skills and experience, preferences, perceptions, and organization. The findings of this study suggest that the increasing number of academics not seeking institutional leadership positions is a concern, as universities need a sufficient pool of potential successors to effectively fulfil the purpose and vision of the university. This study suggests the implementation of awareness and training initiatives to inspire academics, especially young academics, to take up leadership roles within the institutions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=academics" title="academics">academics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=institutional%20leadership" title=" institutional leadership"> institutional leadership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leadership" title=" leadership"> leadership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=universities" title=" universities"> universities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malaysia" title=" Malaysia"> Malaysia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/180987/an-institutional-leadership-framework-on-university-academics-decision-to-become-institutional-leaders-a-malaysian-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/180987.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">62</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5868</span> Non-Cooperative Game Theory Approach for Ensuring Community Satisfaction on Public-Private Partnership Projects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jason%20Salim">Jason Salim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhouyang%20Lu"> Zhouyang Lu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Private sector involvement in Public Private Partnership (PPP) projects may raise public suspicion, as PPP is often mistaken as merely a partnership between private and government agencies without consideration for greater “public” (community). This public marginalization is crucial to be dealt with because undermining opinion of majority may cause problems such as protests and/ or low demand. Game theory approach applied in this paper shows that probability of public acceptance towards a project is affected by overall public’s perception on Private sectors’ possible profit accumulation from the project. On the contrary, goodwill of the government and private coalition alone is not enough to minimize the probability of public opposition towards a PPP project. Additionally, the threat of loss or damage raised from public opposition does not affect the profit-maximization behavior of Private sectors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20satisfaction" title="community satisfaction">community satisfaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=game%20theory" title=" game theory"> game theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-cooperative" title=" non-cooperative"> non-cooperative</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PPP" title=" PPP"> PPP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20policy" title=" public policy"> public policy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60803/non-cooperative-game-theory-approach-for-ensuring-community-satisfaction-on-public-private-partnership-projects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60803.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">697</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5867</span> Implications of Private Military Security Companies on Stewardship of the Profession of Arms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kevin%20Krupski">Kevin Krupski</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Private Military Security Companies have grown to become a major force contributor to nations in military operations. Scholars have debated the implications of this in relation to control and efficiency related to the privatization of violence, but there has been little discussion on how these companies affect the profession of arms. Specifically, this paper seeks to address how the privatization of violence influences the military’s stewardship, whether private military security companies are capable of stewardship of the military profession, and whether there are aspects of stewardship of the military profession that private military security companies are capable of emulating. This paper reviews literature on stewardship, the relationship of the military to the state, and private military security companies in order to identify overlap between uniformed military services and the private sector. Then, it offers a typology for determining under what conditions an organization would act as a steward. Ultimately, there are insufficient reasons for private military security companies to act as stewards of the profession of arms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stewardship" title="stewardship">stewardship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=military%20profession" title=" military profession"> military profession</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=civil-military" title=" civil-military"> civil-military</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security" title=" security"> security</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84135/implications-of-private-military-security-companies-on-stewardship-of-the-profession-of-arms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84135.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">251</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5866</span> Factors Affecting Corruption in Ethiopia from Higher Education Instructors' Perceptions: Evidence from Business and Economics College, Bahir Dar University</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asmamaw%20Yigzaw%20Chirkos">Asmamaw Yigzaw Chirkos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Corruption increasingly has become one of the greatest challenges of the contemporary world. It undermines good government and rule of law and in turn leads to the misallocation of public resources, harms both the private and public sector and particularly hurts the poor. Corruption is found everywhere, but it is deep-rooted in the poor countries of Sub-Saharan Africa countries. Corruption in developing countries continues to be one of the greatest factors of poverty and underdevelopment. As it is the case in other developing countries, in Ethiopia, the culture of corruption has grown roots in the society at large and become endemic. Institutions, which were designed for the regulation of the relationships between citizens and the State, are being used instead for the personal enrichment of public officials and other corrupt private agents. This paper, therefore, assesses the major factors affecting Corruption in Ethiopia from higher education instructors’ Perceptions with special reference to Business and Economics College of Bahir Dar University. The findings of the study support several previously conducted studies in that each factor examined had a moderate to high positive correlation with corruption, where r ranged between .35 and .54. In addition, the 13 variables together explain about 37 percent change in perceived corruption in Ethiopia (R²= .37). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bahir%20Dar%20university" title="Bahir Dar university">Bahir Dar university</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corruption" title=" corruption"> corruption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ethiopia" title=" Ethiopia"> Ethiopia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=factors" title=" factors"> factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=instructors%20perceptions" title=" instructors perceptions"> instructors perceptions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43448/factors-affecting-corruption-in-ethiopia-from-higher-education-instructors-perceptions-evidence-from-business-and-economics-college-bahir-dar-university" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43448.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">246</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5865</span> Advertising Incentives of National Brands against Private Labels: The Case of OTC Heartburn Drugs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lu%20Liao">Lu Liao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The worldwide expansion of private labels over the past two decades not only transformed the choice sets of consumers but also forced manufacturers of national brands to design new marketing strategies to maintain their market positions. This paper empirically analyzes the impact of private labels on advertising incentives of national brands. The paper first develops a consumer demand model that incorporates spillover effects of advertising and finds positive spillovers of national brands’ advertising on demand for private label products. With the demand estimates, the researcher simulates the equilibrium prices and advertising levels for leading national brands in a counterfactual where private labels are eliminated to quantify the changes in national brands’ advertising incentives in response to the rise of private labels. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=advertising" title="advertising">advertising</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=demand%20estimation" title=" demand estimation"> demand estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spillover%20effect" title=" spillover effect"> spillover effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20model" title=" structural model"> structural model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190554/advertising-incentives-of-national-brands-against-private-labels-the-case-of-otc-heartburn-drugs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190554.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">28</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5864</span> Public and Private Spaces Producing Social Connectedness in Traditional Environment: A Study on Old Medina District of Casablanca</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asmaa%20Sokrat">Asmaa Sokrat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aykut%20Karaman"> Aykut Karaman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Public and private spaces are major components of the morphology of the city. This research aims to study the interactions between public and private domains in terms of urban space in Casablanca. The research focuses on a general vision of a socio-spatial issue. It plans to identify the public, private, and transition (semi-public, semi-private) spaces as the constituent of the urban space. Moreover, the study investigates the link between public and private spaces with the social dimensions. Additionally, the research argues that the public space is a place of social interaction; as a reflection, this interaction is the intersection between urban space and social connectedness. Besides, social interaction can be the key to distinguishing between the public and private spheres. The methodological approach of the research is based on the literature review and field study. The article is targeting a case study on the old Medina of Casablanca, from daily use of the public and private spaces, the urban tissue, and the urban space types. In conclusion, the research exhibits that a public space could influence the privacy of the residents of a local urban area; thus, this privacy is inverted on the social interaction. This social interaction is the link between the urban space and social connectedness. Hence, this equation affects the typology of the private space. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20sphere" title="public sphere">public sphere</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=private%20sphere" title=" private sphere"> private sphere</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20connectedness" title=" social connectedness"> social connectedness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=old%20Medina%20of%20Casablanca" title=" old Medina of Casablanca"> old Medina of Casablanca</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150246/public-and-private-spaces-producing-social-connectedness-in-traditional-environment-a-study-on-old-medina-district-of-casablanca" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150246.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5863</span> The Study of the Quality of Dissertation in Humanities and Social Sciences between 2007-2013 in Thai Private Universities </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thanyasinee%20Laosum">Thanyasinee Laosum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sirichai%20Kanjanawasee"> Sirichai Kanjanawasee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taweewat%20Pitayanon"> Taweewat Pitayanon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality of dissertation in humanities and social sciences in Thai private universities.Seven hundred and fifty dissertations of students graduating between 2007-2013 from 12 private universities were randomly sampled. The 5-point rating scale for the evaluation of the dissertations was developed. The rubric method was used in scoring. The overall content validity of the scale was .92. The individual content validities of the scale were ranged from .71 to 1.00. The concurrent validities were significant at the .01 level with the value from .849 to .959. The inter-rater reliabilities were significant related at the .01 level with the value from .810 to .959. The test-retest method was used to find the reliabilities and significant related at the .01 level with the value from .944 to .966. The descriptive statistics was used in the analysis of the collected data. The study found that, among 750 dissertations, those that were rated as excellent, above average, average standard, below standard, and need to be improved were, 0.1 %, 13.3 %, 74.7 %, 11.7 %, and 0.1 % respectively. It was, therefore, concluded that the overall quality of the dissertations was in accordance with the principle of the research methodology and the quality of the majority of the dissertations is closely related. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20of%20dissertation" title="quality of dissertation">quality of dissertation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20of%20dissertation%20in%20humanities%20and%20social%20sciences" title=" quality of dissertation in humanities and social sciences"> quality of dissertation in humanities and social sciences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=private%20university" title=" private university"> private university</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability" title=" reliability "> reliability </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21092/the-study-of-the-quality-of-dissertation-in-humanities-and-social-sciences-between-2007-2013-in-thai-private-universities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21092.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">515</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5862</span> Does Citizens’ Involvement Always Improve Outcomes: Procedures, Incentives and Comparative Advantages of Public and Private Law Enforcement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Avdasheva%20Svetlanaa">Avdasheva Svetlanaa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kryuchkova%20Polinab"> Kryuchkova Polinab </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Comparative social efficiency of private and public enforcement of law is debated. This question is not of academic interest only, it is also important for the development of the legal system and regulations. Generally, involvement of ‘common citizens’ in public law enforcement is considered to be beneficial, while involvement of interest groups representatives is not. Institutional economics as well as law and economics consider the difference between public and private enforcement to be rather mechanical. Actions of bureaucrats in government agencies are assumed to be driven by the incentives linked to social welfare (or other indicator of public interest) and their own benefits. In contrast, actions of participants in private enforcement are driven by their private benefits. However administrative law enforcement may be designed in such a way that it would become driven mainly by individual incentives of alleged victims. We refer to this system as reactive public enforcement. Citizens may prefer using reactive public enforcement even if private enforcement is available. However replacement of public enforcement by reactive version of public enforcement negatively affects deterrence and reduces social welfare. We illustrate the problem of private vs pure public and private vs reactive public enforcement models with the examples of three legislation subsystems in Russia – labor law, consumer protection law and competition law. While development of private enforcement instead of public (especially in reactive public model) is desirable, replacement of both public and private enforcement by reactive model is definitely not. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20enforcement" title="public enforcement">public enforcement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=private%20complaints" title=" private complaints"> private complaints</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=legal%20errors" title=" legal errors"> legal errors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=competition%20protection" title=" competition protection"> competition protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=labor%20law" title=" labor law"> labor law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=competition%20law" title=" competition law"> competition law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=russia" title=" russia"> russia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20957/does-citizens-involvement-always-improve-outcomes-procedures-incentives-and-comparative-advantages-of-public-and-private-law-enforcement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20957.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">495</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5861</span> Transformational Leadership Style and Organizational Commitment: An Empirical Assessment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ugochukwu%20D.%20Abasilim">Ugochukwu D. Abasilim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aize%20I.%20Obayan"> Aize I. Obayan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adedayo%20J.%20Odukoya"> Adedayo J. Odukoya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Godwyns%20Agube"> Godwyns Agube</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Power%20A.%20I.%20Wogu"> Power A. I. Wogu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nchekwube%20Excellence-Oluye"> Nchekwube Excellence-Oluye</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper examines the effect of transformational leadership style on organizational commitment among Private University employees in Nigeria. A quantitative methodology was adopted for this study. A structured Multi-factor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) developed by Bass and Avolio (1997) and Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ) developed by Meyer and Allen (1997) were the major instruments used for data collection. Simple linear regression was used for testing the hypothesis. The results indicated that there was no significant positive effect of transformational leadership style on organizational commitment among employees of the Nigerian private university studied. Though the respondents rated their leaders high on transformational leadership style, their organizational commitment rating was average for majority, which implies that employees’ level of commitment could be accounted for by transformational leadership style existing in the institution. This finding is antithetical to the common submission in literature that transformational leadership style has a significant effect on organizational commitment. It was therefore recommended that further studies may want to further explore the reasons for this variance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leadership%20style" title="leadership style">leadership style</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organizational" title=" organizational"> organizational</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commitment" title=" commitment"> commitment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transformational%20leadership" title=" transformational leadership"> transformational leadership</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27821/transformational-leadership-style-and-organizational-commitment-an-empirical-assessment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27821.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">424</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5860</span> Availability of Safety Measures and Knowledge Towards Hazardous Waste Management among Workers in Scientific Laboratories of Two Universities in Lebanon</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Inaam%20Nasrallah">Inaam Nasrallah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pascale%20Salameh"> Pascale Salameh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abbas%20El-Outa"> Abbas El-Outa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Assem%20Alkak"> Assem Alkak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rihab%20Nasr"> Rihab Nasr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wafa%20Toufic%20Bawab"> Wafa Toufic Bawab</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Hazardous Waste Management(HWM). is critical to human health outcomes and environmental protection. This study evaluated the knowledge regarding safety measures to be applied when collecting and storing waste in scientific laboratories of two universities in Lebanon.Method: A survey-based observational study was conducted in scientific laboratories of the public university and that of a private university, where a total of 309 participants were recruited.Result: The mean total knowledge score on safety measures of HWM was 9.02±4.34 (maximum attainable score, 13). Significant association (p<0.05) was found between knowledge score and job function, years of experience, educational level, professional status, work schedule, and training on proper HWM. Participants had adequate perceptions regarding the impact of HWM on health and the environment. Linear regression modeling revealed that knowledge score was significantly higher among bachelor level lab workers compared to those with doctoral degrees (p=0.043), full-time schedule workers versus part-timers (p=0.03), and among public university participants as compared to those of the private university (p<0.001).Conclusion: This study showed good knowledge concerning HWM in the scientific laboratoriesof the studied universities in Lebanon and a good awareness of the HWM on health and the environment. It highlights the importance of culture, attitude, and practice on proper HWM in the academic scientific laboratory. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hasardous%20waste" title="hasardous waste">hasardous waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safety%20measures" title=" safety measures"> safety measures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20management" title=" waste management"> waste management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knwoledge%20score" title=" knwoledge score"> knwoledge score</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scientific%20laboratory%20workers" title=" scientific laboratory workers"> scientific laboratory workers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142018/availability-of-safety-measures-and-knowledge-towards-hazardous-waste-management-among-workers-in-scientific-laboratories-of-two-universities-in-lebanon" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142018.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">211</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5859</span> Horizontal Dimension of Constitutional Social Rights</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monika%20Florczak-W%C4%85tor">Monika Florczak-Wątor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main purpose of this paper is to determine the applicability of the constitutional social rights in the so-called horizontal relations, i.e. the relations between private entities. Nowadays the constitutional rights are more and more often violated by private entities and not only by the state. The private entities interfere with the privacy of individuals, limit their freedom of expression or disturb their peaceful gatherings. International corporations subordinate individuals in a way which may limit their constitutional rights. These new realities determine the new role of the constitution in protecting human rights. The paper will aim at answering two important questions. Firstly, are the private entities obliged to respect the constitutional social rights of other private entities and can they be liable for violation of these rights? Secondly, how the constitutional social rights can receive horizontal effect? Answers to these questions will have a significant meaning for the popularization of the practice of applying the Constitution among the citizens as well as for the courts which settle disputes between them. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20rights" title="social rights">social rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=private%20relations" title=" private relations"> private relations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=horizontality" title=" horizontality"> horizontality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constitutional%20rights" title=" constitutional rights"> constitutional rights</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14718/horizontal-dimension-of-constitutional-social-rights" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14718.pdf" target="_blank" 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