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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <title>The Political Graveyard</title> <meta name="description" content="A database of political history and cemeteries, with brief biographical entries for 320,919 U.S. political figures, living and dead, from the 1700s to the present."> <meta name="keywords" content="political biography history genealogy cemeteries politics candidates congress senators legislators governors politicians biographies ancestors mayors birthplace geography elections"> <meta name="author" content="Lawrence Kestenbaum"> <script type="text/javascript"> var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-7383562-1']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'https://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://politicalgraveyard.com/css/ftabmenu.js"> </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/css/ftabmenu.css" /> <script type="text/javascript"> ftabmenu.definemenu("ftabs",0) </script> </head> <body bgcolor="#FFFFDD" text="#000000" link="#cc0000" alink="#ff0000" vlink="#760000"> <style type="text/css"> p {font-family:georgia,garamond,serif} td {font-family:georgia,garamond,serif} A:link {text-decoration: none} A:visited {text-decoration: none} A:active {text-decoration: none} A:hover {text-decoration: underline} </style> PoliticalGraveyard.com <table align="center"><tr><td width=60> </td> <td width=456 align="center"> <img src="https://politicalgraveyard.com/images/tpgmain6.gif" width=450 height=216 alt="The Political Graveyard: A Database of American History"></td> <td width=60 align="right" valign="top"> </td></tr></table> The Internet's Most Comprehensive Source of U.S. Political Biography (or, The Web Site that Tells Where the Dead Politicians are Buried) Created and maintained by Lawrence Kestenbaum <div id="ftabs" class="basictab"><ul> <li><a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/index.html">Politicians by:</a></li> <li><a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/alpha/index.html">Name</a></li> <li><a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/gazetteer/index.html">Place</a></li> <li><a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/index.html">Time</a></li> <li><a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/offices/index.html">Office</a></li> <li><a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/special/index.html">Distinction</a></li> <li><a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">Trouble</a></li> <li><a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/index.html">Death</a></li> <li><a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/inqa.html">FAQ</a></li> <li><a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/search.html">Search</a></li> </ul></div> The Political Graveyard <table width=100%> <td align="center" valign="center"> <script type="text/javascript"> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script> </td></table> <table border cellspacing=0 cellpadding=12 align="center"> <tr> <td width=16%></td> <td width=16%></td> <td width=16%></td> <td width=16%></td> <td width=16%></td> <td width=16%></td> </tr> <td colspan=3>Finding People 320,919 Politicians, Judges, Diplomats <ul> <li><a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/alpha/index.html">Alphabetical index</a> <li><a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/offices/index.html">Offices held or sought</a> <li><a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/date/index.html">Date</a> or <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/index.html">year</a> born, married, or died <li><a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/plindex.html">State and county of birth or death</a> <li> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com//parties/D/conventions.html">Democratic</a> and <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/parties/R/conventions.html">Republican</a> national conventions. <li><a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/families/index.html">Leading political families</a> <li><a href="#PE">Many other categories!</a> </ul> <td colspan=3>Finding Places Where they were born, lived, died, were buried <ul> <li><a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/gazetteer/index.html">Gazetteer</a> of cities, towns, counties. <li>Cemeteries and Memorial Sites: <ul> <li>By <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/cem-index.html">state and county</a> <li> In <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/cem/index.html">alphabetical order</a> <li><a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/cem/rank-index.html">Ranked by number of politicians</a> <li>Rankings of <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/cem/name/index.html">cemetery names</a> </ul> </ul> <tr><td colspan=6> <table width=100%><tr><td align="right"><img src="https://politicalgraveyard.com/images/waiter1.jpg"></td> <td align="center" style="font-size:20pt;font-family:garamond,serif">Dining in a U.S. restaurant for $50 or less? Your server works hard. Stop calculating percentages. Leave an <a href="http://eightdollartip.com">Eight Dollar Tip</a>.</td> <td align="left"><img src="https://politicalgraveyard.com/images/waiter2.jpg"></td></tr></table> </td></tr> </table> <table width=100%><tr><td valign="top"> <a name="PL">Finding places in the Political Graveyard:</a> <ul> <li>Alphabetical <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/gazetteer/index.html">Gazetteer</a> of cities, towns, parishes and counties mentioned in The Political Graveyard</li> <li>Cemetery and memorial sites <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/cem-index.html">arranged by state and county</a></li> <li>Cemetery and memorial sites <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/cem/index.html">in alphabetical order</a></li> <li>Cemeteries <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/cem/rank-index.html">ranked by number of dead politicians</a></li> <li>Most common <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/cem/name/index.html">cemetery names</a></li> </ul> <a name="PE">Finding people in the Political Graveyard:</a> <ul> <li>By name or family: <ul> <li>Politician list in <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/alpha/index.html">alphabetical order</a> (320,919).</li> <li><a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/soundex/index.html">Soundex index</a> to politician surnames.</li> <li>Politicians who were <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/special/pol-namesakes.html">named for other politicians</a> (1,029) or <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/special/pols-named-for-famous.html">named for other famous people</a> (324).</li> <li>Politicians who are/were widely known by <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/sobriquets/index.html">sobriquets</a> (1,453).</li> <li>Politicians who belonged to <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/families/index.html">political families</a> (14,623).</li> </ul> <li>By date or age: <ul> <li>Politician list by <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/date/index.html">date born, married, or died</a> (46,053); by <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/index.html">year born, married, or died</a> (52,851); by <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/age/index.html">age of death</a> (36,424).</li> </ul> <li>By office or election: <ul> <li>Politician list by <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/offices/index.html">state and offices held or sought</a> (320,919).</li> <li><a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/special/lostmost.html">Politicians who lost the most elections</a> (429).</li> <li>Politicians who <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/offices/pdio.html">died in office</a> (4,474).</li> </ul> <li>By geographic location: <ul> <li>Politician list by <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/plindex.html">state and county of birth or death</a> (48,856).</li> </ul> <li>By special recognition or distinction: (most of these categories are incomplete)</li> <ul> <li>U.S. politicians who received a <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/special/nobel-prize.html">Nobel Prize</a> (16), or a <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/special/lenin-stalin-prize.html">Lenin or Stalin Peace Prize</a> (5).</li> <li>Politicians who received the <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/special/medal-of-honor.html">Medal of Honor</a> (67); the <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/special/medal-of-freedom.html">Medal of Freedom</a> (110); the <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/special/pulitzer-prize.html">Pulitzer Prize</a> (21); the <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/special/spingarn-medal.html">Spingarn Medal</a> (29); or any <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/special/olympic-medals.html">Olympic medal</a> (8).</li> <li> Politicians who were (or took part in a) <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/special/first.html">first</a> (237).</li> <li> Politicians elected to the original <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/special/hall-of-fame.html">Hall of Fame</a> (31); the <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/special/natl-womens-hof.html">National Women's Hall of Fame</a> (34); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/special/other-hof.html">other Halls of Fame</a> (67).</li> <li> Politicians for whom places or things were named: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/special/special/namesake-cities.html">cities and towns</a> (303); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/special/namesake-counties.html">counties, states, provinces</a> (661); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/special/namesake-mountains.html">mountains</a> (61); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/special/namesake-water.html">lakes, rivers, dams</a> (39); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/special/namesake-road.html">streets, roads, highways</a> (87); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/special/namesake-bridges.html">bridges, tunnels</a> (52); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/special/namesake-airports.html">airports</a> (27); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/special/namesake-parks.html">parks, preserves, cemeteries</a> (86); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/special/namesake-schools.html">schools and churches</a> (145); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/special/namesake-college.html">colleges and universities</a> (138); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/special/namesake-hospitals.html">hospitals and clinics</a> (14); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/special/namesake-libraries.html">libraries and museums</a> (14); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/special/namesake-forts.html">military installations</a> (23); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/special/namesake-stadia.html">arenas, stadia, auditoriums</a> (29); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/special/namesake-buildings.html">other buildings</a> (172); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/special/namesake-ships.html">ships</a> (362); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/special/namesake-misc.html">miscellaneous</a> (15).</li> <li> Politicians who have been <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/special/coins-currency.html">portrayed on coins or currency</a> (46).</li> <li> Politicians who were <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/special/rhodes-scholars.html">Rhodes Scholars</a> (55), members of <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/phi-beta-kappa.html">Phi Beta Kappa</a> (664), or served in the <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/special/peace-corps.html">Peace Corps</a> (44).</li> <li> Politicians involved in <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/entertainment.html">entertainment</a> (221), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/pro-sports.html">professional sports</a> (155), or who are/were otherwise <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/special/famous.html">famous outside politics</a> (106).</li> <li> Politicians who were California <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/special/forty-niners.html">Forty-Niners</a> (98).</li> <li>Politicians who were born in <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/special/born-log-cabin.html">log cabins</a> (65) or in <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/special/born-hospital.html">hospitals</a> (85).</li> <li> Politicians who were born into <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/special/born-slavery.html">slavery</a> (29).</li> <li> Politicians with <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/special/disabled.html">physical disabilities</a> (174).</li> <li> Politicians who have been <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/special/space.html">in space</a> (6).</li> <li>Politicians who <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/special/attempts.html">survived assassination attempts</a> (96).</li> <li>Politicians who <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/special/duel-participants.html">participated in dueling</a> (67).</li> <li>Politicians who were <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">in trouble or disgrace</a> (1,091).</li> <li>Politicians who were <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/special/pardon.html">pardoned</a> (35).</li> <li>Politicians who <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/special/lostmost.html">lost the most elections</a> (429). </li> </ul> <li>By demography, ethnicity, or religion: <ul> <li>Politicians who are/were <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/female.html">female</a> (34,062), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/lgbt.html">LGBT</a> (84), or <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/special/foreign-born.html">foreign born</a> (3,262).</li> <li>Politicians according to ancestry group (very incomplete): <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/african.html">African</a> (1,453), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/german.html">German</a> (732), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/irish.html">Irish</a> (643), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/english.html">English</a> (518), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/scandinavian.html">Scandinavian</a> (367), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/hispanic.html">Spanish, Hispanic, or Basque</a> (357), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/scottish.html">Scottish</a> (356), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/italian.html">Italian</a> (286), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/french.html">French</a> (239), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/asian-pacific.html">Asian/Pacific</a> (181), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/low-countries.html">Dutch or Belgian</a> (179), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/scotch-irish.html">Scotch-Irish</a> (177), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/polish.html">Polish</a> (105), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/arabic.html">Arabic</a> (77), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/welsh.html">Welsh</a> (73), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/greek.html">Greek</a> (67), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/amerind.html">American Indian/Native American</a> (61), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/swiss.html">Swiss</a> (54), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/balkan.html">Balkan</a> (32), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/czech-slovak.html">Czech or Slovak</a> (30), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/austro-hungarian.html">Austrian or Hungarian</a> (24), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/russian.html">Russian or Ukrainian</a> (21), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/baltic.html">Baltic</a> (16), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/portugese.html">Portugese</a> (14), or <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/armenian.html">Armenian</a> (13).</li> <li>Politicians who are/were <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/methodist.html">Methodist</a> (2,572), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/catholic.html">Catholic</a> (2,529), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/episcopalian.html">Episcopalian</a> (2,012), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/presbyterian.html">Presbyterian</a> (2,005), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/baptist.html">Baptist</a> (1,474), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/congregationalist.html">Congregationalist</a> (980), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/jewish.html">Jewish</a> (958), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/lutheran.html">Lutheran</a> (472), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/unitarian.html">Unitarian</a> (385), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/protestant.html">Protestant</a> (358), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/christian.html">Christian</a> (292), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/mormon.html">Mormon</a> (190), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/disciples-of-christ.html">Disciples of Christ</a> (132), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/quaker.html">Quaker</a> (112), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/reformed.html">Christian Reformed</a> (106), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/church-of-christ.html">Church of Christ</a> (50), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/eastern-orthodox.html">Eastern Orthodox</a> (47), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/christian-scientist.html">Christian Scientist</a> (44), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/pentecostal.html">Pentecostal</a> (36), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/brethren.html">Brethren</a> (36), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/atheist-agnostic.html">Atheist or agnostic</a> (21), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/muslim.html">Muslim</a> (14), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/swedenborgian.html">Swedenborgian</a> (11), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/adventist.html">Adventist</a> (10), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/nazarene.html">Nazarene</a> (10), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/mennonite.html">Mennonite</a> (7), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/buddhist.html">Buddhist</a> (7), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/spiritualist.html">Spiritualist</a> (6), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/puritan.html">Puritan</a> (4), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/deist.html">Deist</a> (4), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/scientologist.html">Scientologist</a> (2), or <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/hindu.html">Hindu</a> (2).</li> </ul> <li>By occupation or industry: <ul> <li>Politicians in various occupations and professions: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/lawyer.html">lawyers</a> (14,809), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/lobbyist.html">lobbyists</a> (61), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/socialwork.html">social workers</a> (106), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/clergy.html">clergy</a> (599), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/funeral.html">funeral directors</a> (134), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/lawenforcement.html">police</a> (351), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/labor.html">labor leaders</a> (275), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/auctioneer.html">auctioneers</a> (46), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/barber.html">barbers</a> (39), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/machinist.html">machinists</a> (93), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/postal.html">postmasters and postal workers</a> (397), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/slavetrade.html">slave traders</a> (2).</li> <li>Politicians in agriculture: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/farmer.html">farmers</a> (3,326), or providers of <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/farmsupply.html">farm supplies and services</a> (202). See also farmers in these industries: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/tobacco.html">tobacco</a>, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/cotton.html">cotton</a>, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/wool.html">wool</a>, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/fur.html">fur</a>, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/dairy.html">dairy</a>, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/sugar.html">sugar</a>, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/fruit-produce.html">fruit and produce</a>, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/alcohol-biz.html">alcoholic beverages</a>, and <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/horsedrawn.html">horsedrawn transportation</a>.</li> <li>Politicians in health care: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/physician.html">physicians</a> (1,153), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/psych.html">psychologists or psychiatrists</a> (20), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/dentist.html">dentists</a> (150), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/eyedoctor.html">eye doctors</a> (27), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/chiropractor.html">chiropractors</a> (14), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/veterinarian.html">veterinarians</a> (35), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/nurse.html">nurses</a> (26), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/drugs.html">pharmacists and drug makers</a> (308), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/hospital-biz.html">hospital administrators</a> (125), and <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/other-health.html">other health workers</a> (9).</li> <li>Politicians in education, academia, creative arts, and science: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/teacher.html">teachers</a> (1,875), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/coach.html">coaches</a> (85), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/faculty.html ">professors</a> (788), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/univpres.html">university or college presidents</a> (225), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/writing.html">writers</a> (429), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/artist.html">artists</a> (55), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/music.html">musicians</a> (148), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/librarian.html">librarians</a> (30), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/scientist.html">scientists</a> (83), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/economist.html">economists</a> (84), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/infotech.html">information technology professionals</a> (38), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/inventor.html">inventors</a> (63).</li> <li>Politicians in media, sports, and entertainment: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/newspaper.html">newspapers</a> (1,859), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/printing.html">printing and publishing</a> (222), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/photo.html">photography</a> (21), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/pro-sports.html">professional sports</a> (155), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/entertainment.html">entertainment</a> (221), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/movie-theaters.html">movie theaters</a> (40), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/radiotv.html">broadcasting</a> (237), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/advertising.html">advertising</a> (105), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/pornography.html">pornography</a> (4), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/musical-sporting.html">musical instruments and sporting goods</a> (40).</li> <li>Politicians in transportation: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/automfg.html">vehicle manufacturing</a> (127), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/autodealer.html">automobile dealers</a> (188), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/autoservice.html">automobile services</a> (98), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/taxicab.html">taxicabs and buses</a> (18), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/horsedrawn.html">horsedrawn transportation</a> (110), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/trucking.html">trucking and storage</a> (76), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/aviation.html">aviation</a> (82), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/nautical.html">nautical and maritime</a> (326), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/railroading.html">railroading</a> (833), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/streetcars.html">street railways and interurbans</a> (85), or <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/import-export.html">import/export</a> (142).</li> <li>Politicians in food, beverage, tobacco, and hospitality industries: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/fish.html">fish</a> (18), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/meat.html">meat</a> (62), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/grain.html">grain and milling</a> (236), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/bakery.html">baking</a> (19), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/dairy.html">dairy</a> (157), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/fruit-produce.html">fruit and produce</a> (107), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/sugar.html">sugar and candy</a> (64), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/soft-drink.html">soft drinks</a> (21), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/coffee-tea.html">coffee and tea</a> (21), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/alcohol-biz.html">alcoholic beverages</a> (90), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/food.html">other food processing or sales</a> (304), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/restaurant.html">restaurants</a> (93), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/tavern-biz.html">taverns</a> (55), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/hotel-biz.html">hotels</a> (257), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/florist.html">florists</a> (38), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/tobacco.html">tobacco</a> (119), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/chewing-gum.html">chewing gum</a> (4).</li> <li>Politicians in textiles, clothing, and related industries: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/cotton.html">cotton</a> (127), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/wool.html">wool</a> (67), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/fur.html">furs</a> (27), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/leather.html">shoes and leather</a> (141), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/hats.html">hats</a> (32), other <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/clothing.html">clothing and textiles</a> (295), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/laundry.html">laundry and dry cleaning</a> (39), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/jeweler.html">jewelers</a> (42).</li> <li>Politicians in lumber, construction and related activities: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/lumber.html">lumber</a> (592), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/papermaking.html">paper manufacturing</a> (73), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/excavation.html">excavation</a> (57), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/masonry.html">masonry</a> (132), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/glass.html">glass</a> (30), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/roofing.html">roofing</a> (9), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/electrician.html">electrical</a> (79), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/plumbing-heating.html">plumbing and heating</a> (69), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/paint-decor.html">painting and decorating</a> (88), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/construction.html">general construction</a> (467), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/furniture.html">furniture</a> (128), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/hardware.html">hardware</a> (205), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/architect.html">architecture</a> (61), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/engineer.html">engineering</a> (489), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/surveyor.html">surveying</a> (88).</li> <li>Politicians in mechanical instruments and devices: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/locksmith.html">locksmiths</a> (3), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/clocks.html">clockmakers</a> (13), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/typewriter.html">typewriters</a> (4), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/musical-sporting.html">musical instruments</a> (40).</li> <li>Politicians in extractive and related industries: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/mining.html">mining</a> (340), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/metal.html">metals</a> (251), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/oilgas.html">oil and gas</a> (231), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/coal-ice-fuel.html">dealers of coal, ice and fuel oil</a> (144), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/chemical.html">chemicals</a> (103), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/rubber.html">rubber</a> (10), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/plastics.html">plastics</a> (1).</li> <li>Politicians in finance, insurance, and real estate: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/banking.html">banking</a> (2,191), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/finance.html">finance</a> (104), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/insurance.html">insurance</a> (1,148), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/landtitle.html">real estate</a> (1,098), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/accounting.html">accounting</a> (322), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/landtitle.html">title insurance</a> (45), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/appraiser.html">appraising</a> (23).</li> <li>Politicians in public utilities: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/telephone.html">telephone and telegraph</a> (164); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/utilities.html">energy and water</a> (198).</li> <li>Politicians in <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/waste-disposal.html">waste disposal</a> (4).</li> <li>Politicians in residual categories: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/merchant.html">other retailing</a> (1,221), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/manufacturing.html">other manufacturing</a> (363), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/misc-occ.html">miscellaneous and unclassified occupations and industries</a> (403).</li> </ul> <li>By organizational affiliation: <ul> <li>Politicians who belonged to <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/labor-unions.html">labor unions</a> (483).</li> <li>Politicians who belonged to Masonic organizations: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/masons.html">Freemasons</a> (6,247); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/shriners.html">Shriners</a> (1,592); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/knights-templar.html">Knights Templar</a> (755); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/scottish-rite-masons.html">Scottish Rite Masons</a> (327); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/oes.html">Order of the Eastern Star</a> (289); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/royal-arch-masons.html">Royal Arch Masons</a> (152); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/grotto.html">Grotto</a> (33); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/jesters.html">Jesters</a> (33); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/acacia.html">Acacia</a> (19); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/royal-select-masters.html">Royal and Select Masters</a> (18); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/tall-cedars.html">Tall Cedars of Lebanon</a> (12); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/white-shrine-jerusalem.html">White Shrine of Jerusalem</a> (5); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/prince-hall-masons.html">Prince Hall Masons</a> (5).</li> <li>Politicians who belonged to service and fraternal organizations: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/elks.html">Elks</a> (2,998); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/odd-fellows.html">Odd Fellows</a> (1,289); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/rotary.html">Rotary</a> (1,267); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/knights-pythias.html">Knights of Pythias</a> (1,052); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/moose.html">Moose</a> (840); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/lions.html">Lions</a> (768); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/kiwanis.html">Kiwanis</a> (745); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/eagles.html">Eagles</a> (633); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/woodmen.html">Woodmen</a> (436); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/jaycees.html">Jaycees</a> (305); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/union-league.html">Union League</a> (212); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/redmen.html">Redmen</a> (190); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/jr-ord-un-am-mechanics.html">Junior Order</a> (183); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/royal-arcanum.html">Royal Arcanum</a> (131); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/foresters.html">Foresters</a> (103); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/exchange-club.html">Exchange Club</a> (96); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/optimist-club.html">Optimist Club</a> (93); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/maccabees.html">Maccabees</a> (93); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/anc-ord-un-workmen.html">Ancient Order of United Workmen</a> (72); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/civitan.html">Civitan</a> (56); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/un-comm-travelers.html">United Commercial Travelers</a> (54); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/skull-bones.html">Skull and Bones</a> (37); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/native-sons-golden-west.html">Native Sons of the Golden West</a> (36); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/newcomen.html">Newcomen Society</a> (33); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/pat-ord-sons-am.html">Patriotic Order Sons of America</a> (28); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/blue-key.html">Blue Key</a> (26); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/toastmasters.html">Toastmasters</a> (26); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/ruritan.html">Ruritan</a> (21); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/ord-ahepa.html">Order of Ahepa</a> (20); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/knights-khorassan.html">Knights of Khorassan</a> (16); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/sertoma.html">Sertoma</a> (15); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/knights-honor.html">Knights of Honor</a> (15); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/habitat-humanity.html">Habitat for Humanity</a> (12); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/sphinx.html">Sphinx</a> (11); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/ord-heptasophs.html">Order of Heptasophs</a> (10); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/royal-league.html">Royal League</a> (9); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/ord-un-am-mechanics.html">Order of United American Mechanics</a> (5).</li> <li>Politicians who belonged to historically Jewish or Zionist organizations: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/bnai-brith.html">B'nai B'rith</a> (118); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/am-jewish-cong.html">American Jewish Congress</a> (43); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/am-jewish-comm.html">American Jewish Committee</a> (33); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/jewish-war-vets.html">Jewish War Veterans</a> (25); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/zionist-org-am.html">Zionist Organization of America</a> (23); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/brith-abraham.html">Order Brith Abraham</a> (6); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/tau-epsilon-phi.html">Tau Epsilon Phi</a> (9); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/alpha-epsilon-pi.html">Alpha Epsilon Pi</a> (8); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/zeta-beta-tau.html">Zeta Beta Tau</a> (6); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/sigma-alpha-mu.html">Sigma Alpha Mu</a> (6).</li> <li>Politicians who belonged to historically Black or African-American organizations: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/naacp.html">NAACP</a> (237); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/urban-league.html">Urban League</a> (133); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/nat-bar-assoc.html">National Bar Association</a> (23); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/alpha-phi-alpha.html">Alpha Phi Alpha</a> (61); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/kappa-alpha-psi.html">Kappa Alpha Psi</a> (32); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/alpha-kappa-alpha.html">Alpha Kappa Alpha</a> (20); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/omega-psi-phi.html">Omega Psi Phi</a> (18); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/delta-sigma-theta.html">Delta Sigma Theta</a> (18); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/phi-beta-sigma.html">Phi Beta Sigma</a> (7).</li> <li>Politicians who belonged to Catholic organizations: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/knights-columbus.html">Knights of Columbus</a> (854); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/holy-name-soc.html">Holy Name Society</a> (62); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/catholic-war-vets.html">Catholic War Veterans</a> (39); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/catholic-lawyers.html">Catholic Lawyers</a> (18); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/knights-equity.html">Knights of Equity</a> (11); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/ord-alhambra.html">Order of Alhambra</a> (9); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/polish-rom-cath-un.html">Polish Roman Catholic Union</a> (7); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/phi-kappa-theta.html">Phi Kappa Theta</a> (11).</li> <li>Politicians who belonged to Irish organizations: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/anc-ord-hibernians.html">Ancient Order of Hibernians</a> (86); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/friendly-sons-st-patrick.html">Friendly Sons of St. Patrick</a> (78); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/knights-equity.html">Knights of Equity</a> (11).</li> <li>Politicians who belonged to Polish organizations: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/polish-nat-alliance.html">Polish National Alliance</a> (54); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/polish-legion-am-vets.html">Polish Legion of American Veterans</a> (18); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/polish-rom-cath-un.html">Polish Roman Catholic Union</a> (7).</li> <li>Politicians who belonged to other ethnic or religious organizations: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/sons-italy.html">Sons of Italy</a> (40); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/sons-norway.html">Sons of Norway</a> (14).</li> <li>Politicians who belonged to women's organizations: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/oes.html">Order of the Eastern Star</a> (289); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/lwv.html">League of Women Voters</a> (148); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/aauw.html">American Association of University Women</a> (74); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/am-legion-aux.html">American Legion Auxiliary</a> (44); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/nat-org-women.html">National Organization for Women</a> (33); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/jr-league.html">Junior League</a> (26); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/zonta.html">Zonta</a> (19); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/colonial-dames.html">Colonial Dames</a> (18); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/soroptimists.html">Soroptimists</a> (14); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/altrusa.html">Altrusa</a> (7).</li> <li>Politicians who belonged to organizations of lawyers or judges: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/aba.html">American Bar Association</a> (2,209); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/am-jud-soc.html">American Judicature Society</a> (308); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/ord-coif.html">Order of the Coif</a> (171); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/fed-bar-assoc.html">Federal Bar Association</a> (104); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/am-assoc-justice.html">American Association for Justice</a> (63); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/am-soc-int-law.html">American Society for International Law</a> (42); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/federalist-soc.html">Federalist Society</a> (29); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/nat-bar-assoc.html">National Bar Association</a> (23); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/catholic-lawyers.html">Catholic Lawyers</a> (18); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/nat-lawyers-guild.html">National Lawyers Guild</a> (15); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/am-law-inst.html">American Law Institute</a> (7); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/phi-delta-phi.html">Phi Delta Phi</a> (497); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/phi-alpha-delta.html">Phi Alpha Delta</a> (241); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/delta-theta-phi.html">Delta Theta Phi</a> (155).</li> <li>Politicians who belonged to organizations of engineers: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/am-soc-civil-engrs.html">American Society of Civil Engineers</a> (22); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/am-soc-mech-engrs.html">American Society of Mechanical Engineers</a> (11); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/tau-beta-pi.html">Tau Beta Pi</a> (20).</li> <li>Politicians who belonged to organizations of health professionals: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/ama.html">American Medical Association</a> (94); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/am-dental-assoc.html">American Dental Association</a> (16); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/am-public-health-assoc.html">American Public Health Association</a> (12); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/am-psychological-assoc.html">American Psychological Association</a> (6); </li> <li>Politicians who belonged to other professional associations and societies: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/am-acad-pol-soc-sci.html">American Academy of Political and Social Science</a> (109); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/am-economic-assoc.html">American Economic Association</a> (56); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/am-pol-sci-assoc.html">American Political Science Association</a> (56); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/am-philosophical-soc.html">American Philosophical Society</a> (51); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/am-historical-assoc.html">American Historical Association</a> (45); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/am-acad-arts-sciences.html">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a> (43); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/am-arbitration-assoc.html">American Arbitration Association</a> (42); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/am-bankers-assoc.html">American Bankers Association</a> (26); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/am-antiquarian-soc.html">American Antiquarian Society</a> (16); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/am-forestry-assoc.html">American Forestry Association</a> (15); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/am-chemical-soc.html">American Chemical Society</a> (13); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/aia.html">American Institute of Architects</a> (9); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/modern-lang-assoc.html">Modern Language Association</a> (6); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/am-geographic-soc.html">American Geographic Society</a> (5); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/am-stat-assoc.html">American Statistical Association</a> (5); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/aspa.html">American Society for Public Administration</a> (5).</li> <li>Politicians who belonged to farm organizations: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/grange.html">Grange</a> (418); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/farm-bureau.html">Farm Bureau</a> (383); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/farmers-union.html">Farmers Union</a> (16); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/gleaners.html">Gleaners</a> (15).</li> <li>Politicians who belonged to veterans' or veterans descendants organizations: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/am-legion.html">American Legion</a> (2,232); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/vfw.html">Veterans of Foreign Wars</a> (902); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/sons-am-rev.html">Sons of the American Revolution</a> (503); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/grand-army-republic.html">Grand Army of the Republic</a> (272); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/40-8.html">Forty and Eight</a> (220); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/disabled-am-vets.html">Disabled American Veterans</a> (162); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/loyal-legion.html">Loyal Legion</a> (129); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/soc-cincinnati.html">Society of the Cincinnati</a> (122); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/amvets.html">Amvets</a> (116); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/soc-colonial-wars.html">Society of Colonial Wars</a> (101); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/dar.html">Daughters of the American Revolution</a> (88); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/un-spanish-war-vets.html">United Spanish War Veterans</a> (59); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/mil-ord-world-wars.html">Military Order of the World Wars</a> (52); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/sons-union-vets.html">Sons of Union Veterans</a> (41); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/catholic-war-vets.html">Catholic War Veterans</a> (39); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/reserve-officers-assoc.html">Reserve Officers Association</a> (34); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/sons-confed-vets.html">Sons of Confederate Veterans</a> (33); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/navy-league.html">Navy League</a> (28); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/un-confed-vets.html">United Confederate Veterans</a> (26); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/jewish-war-vets.html">Jewish War Veterans</a> (25); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/un-dtrs-confederacy.html">United Daughters of the Confederacy</a> (20); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/polish-legion-am-vets.html">Polish Legion of American Veterans</a> (18); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/purple-heart.html">Purple Heart</a> (17); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/soc-war-1812.html">Society of the War of 1812</a> (13); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/marine-corps-league.html">Marine Corps League</a> (11); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/viet-vets-am.html">Vietnam Veterans of America</a> (5); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/mil-ord-foreign-wars.html">Military Order of Foreign Wars</a> (5).</li> <li>Politicians who belonged to non-military history or historic preservation organizations: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/am-historical-assoc.html">American Historical Association</a> (45); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/colonial-dames.html">Colonial Dames</a> (18); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/am-antiquarian-soc.html">American Antiquarian Society</a> (16); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/nat-trust-hist-pres.html">National Trust for Historic Preservation</a> (13).</li> <li>Politicians who belonged to environmental or outdoors organizations: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/nra.html">National Rifle Association</a> (104); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/izaak-walton-league.html">Izaak Walton League</a> (63); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/sierra-club.html">Sierra Club</a> (23); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/audubon-soc.html">Audubon Society</a> (17); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/nature-conservancy.html">Nature Conservancy</a> (6).</li> <li>Politicians who belonged to animal welfare organizations: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/humane-soc.html">Humane Society</a> (23); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/spca.html">Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals</a> (9).</li> <li>Politicians who belonged to temperance or prohibition organizations: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/anti-saloon-league.html">Anti-Saloon League</a> (39); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/wctu.html">Women's Christian Temperance Union</a> (12); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/good-templars.html">Good Templars</a> (10); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/sons-temp.html">Sons of Temperance</a> (6).</li> <li>Politicians who belonged to liberal or left-wing organizations: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/naacp.html">NAACP</a> (237); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/urban-league.html">Urban League</a> (133); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/aclu.html">American Civil Liberties Union</a> (110); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/ams-dem-action.html">Americans for Democratic Action</a> (102); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/am-assoc-justice.html">American Association for Justice</a> (63); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/nat-org-women.html">National Organization for Women</a> (33); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/common-cause.html">Common Cause</a> (28); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/un-world-federalists.html">United World Federalists</a> (25); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/nat-lawyers-guild.html">National Lawyers Guild</a> (15); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/wilpf.html">Women's International League for Peace and Freedom</a> (8); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/league-industrial-democracy.html">League for Industrial Democracy</a> (7); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/am-anti-slavery-soc.html">American Anti-Slavery Society</a> (7); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/war-resisters-league.html">War Resisters League</a> (5).</li> <li>Politicians who belonged to conservative or right-wing organizations: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/nra.html">National Rifle Association</a> (104); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/federalist-soc.html">Federalist Society</a> (29); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/john-birch-soc.html">John Birch Society</a> (22); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/kkk.html">Ku Klux Klan</a> (19); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/young-ams-freedom.html">Young Americans for Freedom</a> (9).</li> <li>Politicians who belonged to organizations concerned with foreign policy or international affairs: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/cfr.html">Council on Foreign Relations</a> (239); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/trilateral-commission.html">Trilateral Commission</a> (30); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/un-world-federalists.html">United World Federalists</a> (25); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/zionist-org-am.html">Zionist Organization of America</a> (23); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/wilpf.html">Women's International League for Peace and Freedom</a> (8); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/war-resisters-league.html">War Resisters League</a> (5).</li> <li>Politicians who belonged to other political advocacy organizations: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/tammany-hall.html">Tammany Hall</a> (95); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/am-assoc-retired-persons.html">American Association of Retired Persons</a> (15).</li> <li>Politicians who belonged to Greek-letter societies: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/phi-beta-kappa.html">Phi Beta Kappa</a> (664); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/phi-delta-phi.html">Phi Delta Phi</a> (497); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/phi-alpha-delta.html">Phi Alpha Delta</a> (241); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/phi-kappa-psi.html">Phi Kappa Psi</a> (166); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/delta-theta-phi.html">Delta Theta Phi</a> (155); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/phi-delta-theta.html">Phi Delta Theta</a> (139); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/sigma-chi.html">Sigma Chi</a> (136); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/delta-kappa-epsilon.html">Delta Kappa Epsilon</a> (135); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/beta-theta-pi.html">Beta Theta Pi</a> (135); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/sigma-alpha-epsilon.html">Sigma Alpha Epsilon</a> (123); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/omicron-delta-kappa.html">Omicron Delta Kappa</a> (98); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/sigma-nu.html">Sigma Nu</a> (97); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/alpha-tau-omega.html">Alpha Tau Omega</a> (95); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/phi-gamma-delta.html">Phi Gamma Delta</a> (93); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/kappa-alpha-ord.html">Kappa Alpha Order</a> (93); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/kappa-sigma.html">Kappa Sigma</a> (89); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/delta-sigma-rho.html">Delta Sigma Rho</a> (88); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/phi-kappa-phi.html">Phi Kappa Phi</a> (78); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/delta-tau-delta.html">Delta Tau Delta</a> (75); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/alpha-delta-phi.html">Alpha Delta Phi</a> (68); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/psi-upsilon.html">Psi Upsilon</a> (63); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/alpha-phi-alpha.html">Alpha Phi Alpha</a> (61); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/delta-chi.html">Delta Chi</a> (55); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/delta-upsilon.html">Delta Upsilon</a> (53); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/sigma-delta-chi.html">Sigma Delta Chi</a> (52); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/pi-kappa-alpha.html">Pi Kappa Alpha</a> (52); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/lambda-chi-alpha.html">Lambda Chi Alpha</a> (40); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/sigma-phi-epsilon.html">Sigma Phi Epsilon</a> (39); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/zeta-psi.html">Zeta Psi</a> (38); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/tau-kappa-alpha.html">Tau Kappa Alpha</a> (38); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/phi-kappa-sigma.html">Phi Kappa Sigma</a> (35); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/phi-delta-kappa.html">Phi Delta Kappa</a> (34); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/phi-sigma-kappa.html">Phi Sigma Kappa</a> (34); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/delta-sigma-phi.html">Delta Sigma Phi</a> (33); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/theta-delta-chi.html">Theta Delta Chi</a> (33); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/chi-psi.html">Chi Psi</a> (32); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/kappa-alpha-psi.html">Kappa Alpha Psi</a> (32); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/pi-gamma-mu.html">Pi Gamma Mu</a> (31); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/kappa-alpha-soc.html">Kappa Alpha Society</a> (31); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/sigma-xi.html">Sigma Xi</a> (30); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/pi-kappa-delta.html">Pi Kappa Delta</a> (30); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/sigma-nu-phi.html">Sigma Nu Phi</a> (28); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/gamma-eta-gamma.html">Gamma Eta Gamma</a> (28); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/chi-phi.html">Chi Phi</a> (28); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/theta-chi.html">Theta Chi</a> (27); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/kappa-delta-pi.html">Kappa Delta Pi</a> (26); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/alpha-kappa-psi.html">Alpha Kappa Psi</a> (25); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/alpha-sigma-phi.html">Alpha Sigma Phi</a> (23); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/pi-sigma-alpha.html">Pi Sigma Alpha</a> (23); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/phi-kappa-tau.html">Phi Kappa Tau</a> (22); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/alpha-kappa-alpha.html">Alpha Kappa Alpha</a> (20); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/delta-psi.html">Delta Psi</a> (20); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/alpha-zeta.html">Alpha Zeta</a> (20); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/tau-beta-pi.html">Tau Beta Pi</a> (20); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/tau-kappa-epsilon.html">Tau Kappa Epsilon</a> (19); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/sigma-delta-kappa.html">Sigma Delta Kappa</a> (19); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/omega-psi-phi.html">Omega Psi Phi</a> (18); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/delta-sigma-theta.html">Delta Sigma Theta</a> (18); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/beta-gamma-sigma.html">Beta Gamma Sigma</a> (18); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/delta-kappa-gamma.html">Delta Kappa Gamma</a> (18); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/delta-phi.html">Delta Phi</a> (17); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/sigma-phi.html">Sigma Phi</a> (14); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/pi-kappa-phi.html">Pi Kappa Phi</a> (13); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/delta-sigma-pi.html">Delta Sigma Pi</a> (13); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/sigma-pi.html">Sigma Pi</a> (11); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/phi-eta-sigma.html">Phi Eta Sigma</a> (11); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/theta-nu-epsilon.html">Theta Nu Epsilon</a> (11); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/phi-kappa-theta.html">Phi Kappa Theta</a> (11); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/pi-delta-epsilon.html">Pi Delta Epsilon</a> (9); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/alpha-delta-sigma.html">Alpha Delta Sigma</a> (9); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/pi-beta-phi.html">Pi Beta Phi</a> (9); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/tau-epsilon-phi.html">Tau Epsilon Phi</a> (9); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/phi-mu-alpha.html">Phi Mu Alpha</a> (8); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/sigma-pi-phi.html">Sigma Pi Phi</a> (8); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/alpha-epsilon-pi.html">Alpha Epsilon Pi</a> (8); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/delta-delta-delta.html">Delta Delta Delta</a> (8); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/theta-xi.html">Theta Xi</a> (8); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/alpha-chi-rho.html">Alpha Chi Rho</a> (8); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/delta-phi-epsilon.html">Delta Phi Epsilon</a> (7); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/kappa-phi-kappa.html">Kappa Phi Kappa</a> (7); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/phi-gamma-mu.html">Phi Gamma Mu</a> (7); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/phi-beta-sigma.html">Phi Beta Sigma</a> (7); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/phi-alpha-theta.html">Phi Alpha Theta</a> (7); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/psi-omega.html">Psi Omega</a> (7); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/phi-kappa-delta.html">Phi Kappa Delta</a> (7); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/alpha-phi-delta.html">Alpha Phi Delta</a> (7); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/beta-sigma-phi.html">Beta Sigma Phi</a> (7); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/alpha-gamma-rho.html">Alpha Gamma Rho</a> (6); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/phi-theta-kappa.html">Phi Theta Kappa</a> (6); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/alpha-phi-omega.html">Alpha Phi Omega</a> (6); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/zeta-beta-tau.html">Zeta Beta Tau</a> (6); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/kappa-kappa-gamma.html">Kappa Kappa Gamma</a> (6); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/alpha-phi.html">Alpha Phi</a> (6); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/pi-lambda-theta.html">Pi Lambda Theta</a> (6); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/sigma-alpha-mu.html">Sigma Alpha Mu</a> (6); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/phi-sigma-delta.html">Phi Sigma Delta</a> (6); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/sigma-upsilon.html">Sigma Upsilon</a> (6); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/alpha-chi-sigma.html">Alpha Chi Sigma</a> (5); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/gamma-sigma-delta.html">Gamma Sigma Delta</a> (5); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/delta-epsilon.html">Delta Epsilon</a> (5); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/alpha-omicron-pi.html">Alpha Omicron Pi</a> (5); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/delta-theta-pi.html">Delta Theta Pi</a> (5); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/gamma-phi-beta.html">Gamma Phi Beta</a> (5); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/pi-lambda-phi.html">Pi Lambda Phi</a> (5); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/alpha-pi-zeta.html">Alpha Pi Zeta</a> (5); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/delta-gamma.html">Delta Gamma</a> (5); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/kappa-beta-pi.html">Kappa Beta Pi</a> (5); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/theta-sigma-phi.html">Theta Sigma Phi</a> (5); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/delta-sigma-delta.html">Delta Sigma Delta</a> (5).</li> </ul> <li>By cause or circumstances of death: <ul> <li>Politicians who were killed in the <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/revolutionary-war.html">American Revolution</a> (5); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/war-of-1812.html">War of 1812</a> (6); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/war-tx-independence.html">Texas War of Independence</a> (4); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/mexican-war.html">Mexican War</a> (8); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/civil-war.html">Civil War</a> (76); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/spanish-am-war.html">Spanish-American War</a> (1); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/world-war-i.html">World War I</a> (8); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/world-war-ii.html">World War II</a> (11).</li> <li>Politicians who were killed in <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/duels.html">duels</a> (20), by <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/indians.html">Indians</a> (10), or otherwise <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/murder.html">murdered</a> (174).</li> <li>Politicians who were <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/execution.html">executed</a> (2).</li> <li>Politicians who <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/disappeared.html">disappeared or died mysteriously</a> (15); politicians who <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/suicide.html">died by suicide</a> (229).</li> <li>Politicians who were killed by specific external causes: by <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/gunshot.html">gunshot</a> (302); by <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/stabbing.html">stabbing</a> (18); by <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/blunt-force.html">blunt force</a> (3); by <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/strangulation.html">strangulation or choking</a> (9); by <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/drowning.html">drowning</a> (76); by <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/poison.html">poison or overdose</a> (48); by <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/starvation.html">starvation</a> (3); in <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/falls.html">falls</a> (141); by <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/fire.html">fire or explosion</a> (59); by <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/earthquake.html">earthquake or volcano</a> (5); by <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/weather.html">fog, storms, lightning, or weather conditions</a> (45); in <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/collapse.html">collapses of structures</a> (9); by <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/animals.html">animals</a> (5).</li> <li>Politicians who were killed in transportation accidents or disasters: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/bicycle.html">bicycle</a> (1), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/horse.html">horses and horsedrawn vehicles</a> (30), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/boat.html">steamship and boat</a> (29), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/railroad.html">railroad and streetcar</a> (42), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/automobile.html">automobile</a> (183), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/aircraft.html">aircraft</a> (60).</li> <li>Politicians who were killed in in <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/gun-accidents.html">gun accidents</a> (24), or in <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/sports.html">sports or recreation accidents</a> (23), or some <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/misc-accidents.html">other kinds of accidents</a> (6).</li> <li>Politicians who died of infectuous diseases (very incomplete!): <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/cholera.html">cholera</a> (29), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/diphtheria.html">diphtheria</a> (2), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/influenza.html">influenza</a> (40), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/malaria.html">malaria</a> (11), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/pneumonia.html">pneumonia</a> (479), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/smallpox.html">smallpox</a> (10), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/tuberculosis.html">tuberculosis</a> (75), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/typhoid-fever.html">typhoid fever</a> (41), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/typhus.html">typhus</a> (2), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/yellow-fever.html">yellow fever</a> (32), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/aids.html">AIDS</a> (7), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/covid19.html">COVID-19</a> (7).</li> <li>Politicians who died of cancer (very incomplete!): <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/bladder-cancer.html">bladder or kidney cancer</a> (16); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/brain-cancer.html">brain cancer</a> (40); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/breast-cancer.html">breast cancer</a> (4); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/colon-cancer.html">colon cancer</a> (42); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/leukemia.html">leukemia</a> (44); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/liver-cancer.html">liver cancer</a> (29); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/lung-cancer.html">lung cancer</a> (73); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/mouth-cancer.html">mouth, tongue, or jaw cancer</a> (5); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/pancreatic-cancer.html">pancreatic cancer</a> (34); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/prostate-cancer.html">prostate cancer</a> (52); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/stomach-cancer.html">stomach or esophageal cancer</a> (43); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/throat-cancer.html">throat or larynx cancer</a> (16); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/cancer.html">other or unspecified cancers</a> (355).</li> <li>Politicians who died of other diseases (very incomplete!): <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/dementia.html">Alzheimer's disease or dementia</a> (80); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/pernicious-anemia.html">pernicious anemia</a> (11), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/asthma.html">asthma</a> (17); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/als.html">ALS/Lou Gehrig's disease</a> (15); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/bladder.html">bladder diseases</a> (5); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/diabetes.html">diabetes</a> (64); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/emphysema.html">emphysema</a> (21); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/gallbladder.html">gallbladder diseases</a> (16); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/gastrointestinal.html">gastrointestinal diseases</a> (79); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/heart.html">heart disease</a> (1,553); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/stroke.html">stroke</a> (544); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/kidney.html">kidney diseases</a> (247); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/lung.html">lung or respiratory diseases</a> (108); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/liver.html">liver diseases</a> (40); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/parkinsons.html">Parkinson's disease</a> (46); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/appendicitis.html">appendicitis</a> (41); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/infection.html">other infections</a> (97); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/other-diseases.html">other diseases</a> (75).</li> <li>Politicians who died (or whose death was caused) at: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/legislative.html">a legislative session</a> (16), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/courtroom.html">in court</a> (22), while <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/campaigning.html">campaigning</a> (27), or at any other <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/meetings.html">public event or meeting</a> (44).</li> <li> Politicians who died (or whose death was caused) while <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/hunting.html">hunting or fishing</a> (30), or during <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/sports.html">sports or recreation</a> (23).</li> <li>Politicians who died (or whose death was caused) at the <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/us-capitol.html">U.S. Capitol Building</a> (16), the <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/white-house.html">White House</a> (7), a <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/state-capitol.html">state capitol building</a> (12), a <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/gov-mansion.html">governor's mansion</a> (9), a <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/courthouse.html">county courthouse or city hall</a> (26), in <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/churches.html">churches</a> (8), in <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/theaters.html">theaters</a> (5), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/rr-stations.html">train stations</a> (18), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/airports.html">airports</a> (23), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/hotels.html">hotels</a> (208), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/postoffices.html">post offices</a> (14), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/shops.html">shops</a> (16), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/offices.html">offices</a> (67), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/taverns.html">restaurants or taverns</a> (14).</li> <li>Politicians who died in medical or institutional settings: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/ny-hospital.html">New York Hospital/Cornell Medical Center</a> (28), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/walter-reed.html">Walter Reed or Bethesda medical centers</a> (78), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/mayo-clinic.html">Mayo Clinic and related hospitals</a> (4), in <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/misc-hospitals.html">other hospitals</a> (1,905), in <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/doctor-office.html">doctor's offices</a> (5), in <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/nursing-homes.html">nursing homes, rest homes, sanitariums</a> (305), in <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/asylum.html">mental hospitals or asylums for the insane</a> (21), in <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/hospice.html">hospices</a> (36), in <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/captivity.html">prison or captivity</a> (14).</li> <li>Politicians who died, or whose death was caused, on board <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/on-ships.html">boats or ships</a> (47), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/on-trains.html">trains</a> (20), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/in-cars.html">cars or other road vehicles</a> (29), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/on-aircraft.html">planes</a> (1), or <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/elevator.html">elevators and escalators</a> (5).</li> </ul> <li>By disposition of remains: <ul> <li> Politicians who <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/donated.html">donated their bodies to science</a> (35).</li> <li> Politicians who were <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/cremated.html">cremated</a> (636).</li> <li> Politicians who were <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/buried-at-sea.html">buried at sea</a> (11).</li> <li> Politicians whose graves were <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/graves-moved.html">moved</a> (577).</li> <li> Politicians whose remains were <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/never-found.html">never found</a> (30).</li> </ul> </ul> </td> <td width=180 align="center" valign="center"> <script type="text/javascript"> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script> </td></tr></table> <table width=100%> <td align="center" valign="center"> <script type="text/javascript"> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script> </td></table> <table width=100%> <tr><td align="center"> "Enjoy the hospitable entertainment of a political graveyard." Henry L. Clinton, Apollo Hall, New York City, February 3, 1872</td> <td><a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/"> <img src="https://politicalgraveyard.com/images/tpgsub.gif" width=450 height=71 align="right" border=0 alt="The Political Graveyard"></a></td></tr></table> <table width=100% cellpadding=2> <tr><td colspan=3> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/index.html">The Political Graveyard</a> is a web site about U.S. political history and cemeteries. Founded in 1996, it is the Internet's most comprehensive free source for American political biography, listing 320,919 politicians, living and dead.</td></tr> <tr><td colspan=3> </td></tr> <tr><td width=32 align="right" valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"> <img src="rd.gif" width=10 height=10> The coverage of this site includes (1) the President, Vice President, members of Congress, elected state and territorial officeholders in all fifty states, the District of Columbia, and U.S. territories; and the chief elected official, typically the mayor, of qualifying municipalities; (2) candidates at election, including primaries, for any of the above; (3) all federal judges and all state appellate judges; (4) certain federal officials, including the federal cabinet, diplomatic chiefs of mission, consuls, U.S. district attorneys, collectors of customs and internal revenue, members of major federal commissions; and political appointee (pre-1969) postmasters of qualifying communities; (5) state and national political party officials, including delegates, alternate delegates, and other participants in national party nominating conventions; (6) Americans who served as "honorary" consuls for other nations before 1950. Note: municipalities or communities "qualify", for Political Graveyard purposes, if they have at least half a million person-years of history, inclusive of predecessor, successor, and merged entities.</td> <td width=100 align="right" valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr><td width=32 align="right" valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"> <img src="rd.gif" width=10 height=10> The listings are incomplete; development of the database is a continually ongoing project.</td> <td width=100 align="right" valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr><td width=32 align="right" valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"> <img src="rd.gif" width=10 height=10> Information on this page — and on all other pages of this site — is believed to be accurate, but is not guaranteed. Users are advised to check with other sources before relying on any information here.</td> <td width=100 align="right" valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr><td width=32 align="right" valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"> <img src="rd.gif" width=10 height=10> The official URL for this page is: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/index.html">https://politicalgraveyard.com/index.html</a>.</td> <td width=100 align="right" valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr><td width=32 align="right" valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"> <img src="rd.gif" width=10 height=10> Links to this or any other Political Graveyard page are welcome, but specific page addresses may sometimes change as the site develops.</td> <td width=100 align="right" valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr><td width=32 align="right" valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"> <img src="rd.gif" width=10 height=10> If you are searching for a specific named individual, try the <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/alpha/index.html">alphabetical index of politicians</a>.</td> <td width=100 align="right" valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr><td colspan=3 align="left" valign="top"> Copyright notices: (1) Facts are not subject to copyright; see <a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/copyright/cases/499_US_340.htm">Feist v. Rural Telephone</a>. (2) Politician portraits displayed on this site are 70-pixel-wide monochrome thumbnail images, which I believe to constitute fair use under applicable copyright law. Where possible, each image is linked to its online source. However, requests from owners of copyrighted images to delete them from this site are honored. (3) Original material, programming, selection and arrangement are © 1996-2023 Lawrence Kestenbaum. (4) This work is also licensed for free non-commercial re-use, with attribution, under a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/">Creative Commons License</a>.</td></tr> <tr><td colspan=3 align="left" valign="top"> Site information: The Political Graveyard is created and maintained by Lawrence Kestenbaum, who is solely responsible for its structure and content. — The mailing address is The Political Graveyard, P.O. Box 2563, Ann Arbor MI 48106. — This site is hosted by <a href="https://www.hdl.com">HDL</a>. — The Political Graveyard opened on July 1, 1996; the last full revision was done on March 8, 2023. </td></tr> </table> </body> </html>