Five new frog species from Madagascar -- ScienceDaily

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The largest could sit on your thumbnail, the smallest is hardly longer than a grain of rice. </dd> <dt class="no-print">Share:</dt> <dd class="no-print"> <div id="share_top"> <div data-url="https://web.archive.org/web/20190401185452oe_/https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/03/190328112519.htm" class="ssk-sm ssk-group"> <a class="ssk ssk-icon ssk-facebook"></a> <a class="ssk ssk-icon ssk-twitter"></a> <a class="ssk ssk-icon ssk-google-plus"></a> <a class="ssk ssk-icon ssk-pinterest"></a> <a class="ssk ssk-icon ssk-linkedin"></a> <a class="ssk ssk-icon ssk-email"></a> </div> </div> </dd> </dl> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8 col-md-push-4"> <div class="fullstory">FULL STORY</div> <hr class="hr-fullstory"/> <div id="story_photo" class="hyphenate"> <div class="photo-image"><img class="img-responsive center-block" src="/web/20190401185452im_/https://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2019/03/190328112519_1_540x360.jpg" width="521.9512195122" height="360" title="Click to enlarge" alt="" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#myModal"/></div> <div class="photo-caption">An adult male Mini scule resting on a fingertip.</div> <div class="photo-credit"><em>Credit: Photo by Sam Hyde Roberts</em></div> <div class="clearfix"></div>  <div class="modal fade" id="myModal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="myModalLabel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content modal-content-custom"> <div class="modal-image"><img class="img-responsive center-block" src="/web/20190401185452im_/https://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2019/03/190328112519_1_900x600.jpg" width="535" height="369"/></div> <div class="modal-text"> <div class="modal-caption">An adult male Mini scule resting on a fingertip.</div> <div class="modal-credit"><em>Credit: Photo by Sam Hyde Roberts</em></div> <div class="modal-close"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-dismiss="modal">Close</button></div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="clearfix"></div> <div id="story_text" class="hyphenate"> <p id="first" class="lead">Scientists at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet (LMU) in Munich and the Bavarian State Collection of Zoology have named five new species of frogs found across the island of Madagascar. The largest could sit on your thumbnail, the smallest is hardly longer than a grain of rice.</p> <div class="mobile-top-rectangle hidden-md hidden-lg"> <div class="textrule"> <span>advertisement</span> </div>  <div id="adslot-mobile-top-rectangle"> <script type="text/javascript"> googletag.cmd.push(function() { deployads.push(function() { deployads.gpt.display("adslot-mobile-top-rectangle") }); }); </script> </div> <hr class="hrrule"/> </div> <div id="text"> <p>Madagascar, an island a little larger than mainland France, has more than 350 frog species. This number of recognized species is constantly rising, and many of the newly named species are very small.</p> <p>Mark D. Scherz, a PhD candidate at LMU Munich, and Dr. Frank Glaw, Head of the Herpetology Section at the Bavarian State Collection of Zoology in Munich, together with colleagues at the Technical University of Braunschweig and the University of Antananarivo have named five new species of tiny frogs found across the island. Their study appears in the online journal <em>PLOS ONE</em>.</p> <p>The five new species belong to a group of frogs commonly referred to as 'narrow-mouthed' frogs, a highly diverse family found on every continent except Antarctica and Europe. Although most narrow-mouthed frogs are small to moderately large, many are tiny. In fact, the group includes the smallest frog in the world -- <em>Paedophryne amauensis</em> from Papua New Guinea, mature specimens of which reach a length of only 7.7 mm. What's remarkable is that, in the smallest frogs, "miniaturization" has evolved independently -- often several times within a single region, as highlighted in this new study. Three of the new species belong to a group that is wholly new to science, which the authors have formally dubbed <em>Mini</em>. The other two new species, <em>Rhombophryne proportionalis</em> and <em>Anodonthyla eximia</em>, are also just 11-12 mm long, and are much smaller than their closest relatives.</p> <p>"When frogs evolve small body size, they start to look remarkably similar, so it is easy to underestimate how diverse they really are," says Mark D. Scherz, lead author on the new study. "Our new genus name, <em>Mini</em>, says it all. Adults of the two smallest species <em>Mini mum</em> and <em>Mini scule</em> are 8-11 mm long, and even the largest member of the genus, <em>Miniature</em>, at 15 mm, could sit on your thumbnail with room to spare."</p> <p>Finding tiny frogs in the leaf litter is hard work. "Calling males often sit one or two leaves deep and stop calling at the slightest disturbance," says Frank Glaw. "It can take a lot of patience to find the frog you are looking for."</p> </div> <div class="mobile-middle-rectangle hidden-md hidden-lg"> <div class="textrule"> <span>advertisement</span> </div>  <div id="adslot-mobile-middle-rectangle"> <script type="text/javascript"> googletag.cmd.push(function() { deployads.push(function() { deployads.gpt.display("adslot-mobile-middle-rectangle") }); }); </script> </div> <hr class="hrrule"/> </div> <hr class="hidden-sm hidden-xs"/> <div id="story_source"> <p><strong>Story Source:</strong></p> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190401185452/https://www.en.uni-muenchen.de/news/newsarchiv/2019/scherz_frogs.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Materials</a> provided by <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190401185452/http://www.uni-muenchen.de/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><strong>Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München</strong></a>. <em>Note: Content may be edited for style and length.</em></p> </div>  <hr/> <div id="journal_references"><p><strong>Journal Reference</strong>:</p> <ol class="journal"> <li>Mark D. Scherz, Carl R. Hutter, Andolalao Rakotoarison, Jana C. Riemann, Mark-Oliver Rödel, Serge H. Ndriantsoa, Julian Glos, Sam Hyde Roberts, Angelica Crottini, Miguel Vences, Frank Glaw. <strong>Morphological and ecological convergence at the lower size limit for vertebrates highlighted by five new miniaturised microhylid frog species from three different Madagascan genera</strong>. <em>PLOS ONE</em>, 2019; 14 (3): e0213314 DOI: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190401185452/http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213314" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">10.1371/journal.pone.0213314</a> </li> </ol> <hr/> </div>  <div id="citations"> <div role="tabpanel" class="right-tabs clearfix"> <p class="pull-left"><strong>Cite This Page</strong>:</p>  <ul class="nav nav-tabs" role="tablist"> <li role="presentation" class="active"><a href="#citation_mla" aria-controls="citation_mla" role="tab" data-toggle="tab">MLA</a></li> <li role="presentation"><a href="#citation_apa" aria-controls="citation_apa" role="tab" data-toggle="tab">APA</a></li> <li role="presentation"><a href="#citation_chicago" aria-controls="citation_chicago" role="tab" data-toggle="tab">Chicago</a></li> </ul> <div class="tab-content tab-citations"> <div role="tabpanel" class="tab-pane active" id="citation_mla">Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München. 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Five new frog species from Madagascar -- ScienceDaily