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<li id="toc-Italian_origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italian_origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Italian origins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italian_origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roman_creation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roman_creation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Roman creation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roman_creation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-American_popularization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American_popularization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>American popularization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American_popularization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alfredo_sauce" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alfredo_sauce"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Alfredo sauce</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alfredo_sauce-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" 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Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%88" title="فيتوشيني ألفريدو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيتوشيني ألفريدو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetu%C3%A7ini_Alfredo" title="Fetuçini Alfredo – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fetuçini Alfredo" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fettuccine_Alfredo" title="Fettuccine Alfredo – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fettuccine Alfredo" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salsa_alfredo" title="Salsa alfredo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Salsa alfredo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%88%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88" title="فتوچینی آلفردو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فتوچینی آلفردو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fettuccine_Alfredo" title="Fettuccine Alfredo – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fettuccine Alfredo" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fettuccine_Alfredo" title="Fettuccine Alfredo – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Fettuccine Alfredo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fettuccine_Alfredo" title="Fettuccine Alfredo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fettuccine Alfredo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A6%27%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%95" title="פטוצ'יני אלפרדו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פטוצ'יני אלפרדו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fettuccine_Alfredo" title="Fettuccine Alfredo – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Fettuccine Alfredo" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetu%C4%8Dine_Alfredo" title="Fetučine Alfredo – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Fetučine Alfredo" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fettuccine_Alfredo" title="Fettuccine Alfredo – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Fettuccine Alfredo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%82%A5%E3%83%81%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8D%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%95%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89" title="フェットゥチーネ・アルフレード – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フェットゥチーネ・アルフレード" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fettuccine_Alfredo" title="Fettuccine Alfredo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fettuccine Alfredo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Фетучини Альфредо – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фетучини Альфредо" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fettuccine_Alfredo" title="Fettuccine Alfredo – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Fettuccine Alfredo" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fettuccine_Alfredo" title="Fettuccine Alfredo – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Fettuccine Alfredo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fettuccine_Alfredo" title="Fettuccine Alfredo – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fettuccine Alfredo" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Фетучині Альфредо – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фетучині Альфредо" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2915859#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> 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searchaux" style="display:none">Creamy pasta dish with butter and cheese</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hrecipe adr"><caption class="infobox-title fn"><span>Fettuccine Alfredo</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Only_Original_Alfredo_Sauce_with_Butter_and_Parmesano-Reggiano_Cheese.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/The_Only_Original_Alfredo_Sauce_with_Butter_and_Parmesano-Reggiano_Cheese.png/250px-The_Only_Original_Alfredo_Sauce_with_Butter_and_Parmesano-Reggiano_Cheese.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/The_Only_Original_Alfredo_Sauce_with_Butter_and_Parmesano-Reggiano_Cheese.png/375px-The_Only_Original_Alfredo_Sauce_with_Butter_and_Parmesano-Reggiano_Cheese.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/The_Only_Original_Alfredo_Sauce_with_Butter_and_Parmesano-Reggiano_Cheese.png/500px-The_Only_Original_Alfredo_Sauce_with_Butter_and_Parmesano-Reggiano_Cheese.png 2x" data-file-width="1073" data-file-height="618" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Course</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Italian_meal_structure#Formal_meal_structure" title="Italian meal structure">Primo</a></i> (Italy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main_course" title="Main course">Main</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Place of origin</th><td class="infobox-data country-name"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Region or state</th><td class="infobox-data region"><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lazio" title="Lazio">Lazio</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Associated <a href="/wiki/List_of_cuisines" title="List of cuisines">cuisine</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_cuisine" title="Italian cuisine">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian-American_cuisine" title="Italian-American cuisine">Italian-American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_cuisine" title="Global cuisine">global</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Created by</th><td class="infobox-data author">Alfredo di Lelio (1882–1959)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Main ingredients</th><td class="infobox-data ingredient"><a href="/wiki/Fettuccine" title="Fettuccine">Fettuccine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Butter" title="Butter">butter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parmesan" title="Parmesan">Parmesan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Variations</th><td class="infobox-data">US additions: heavy cream or half-and-half, chicken, broccoli, parsley, garlic, shrimp, turkey, salmon, mushrooms</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Similar dishes</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Fettuccine al burro</i>, <i>pasta burro e parmigiano</i>, <i>pasta in bianco</i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:0.25em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/16px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/24px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/32px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Alfredo_Sauce" class="extiw" title="b:Cookbook:Alfredo Sauce">Cookbook: Alfredo Sauce</a></li><li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fettuccine_Alfredo" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Fettuccine Alfredo">Media: Fettuccine Alfredo</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Fettuccine Alfredo</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Italian:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="it-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">[fettut'tʃiːne<span class="wrap"> </span>alˈfreːdo]</a></span>) is a pasta dish consisting of <a href="/wiki/Fettuccine" title="Fettuccine">fettuccine</a> tossed with butter and <a href="/wiki/Parmesan" title="Parmesan">Parmesan cheese</a>, which melt and <a href="/wiki/Emulsion" title="Emulsion">emulsify</a> to form a rich <a href="/wiki/Cheese_sauce" title="Cheese sauce">cheese sauce</a> coating the pasta.<sup id="cite_ref-cb72_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cb72-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Originating in Rome in the early 20th century, the recipe is now popular in the United States and other countries.<sup id="cite_ref-Cesari-2023_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cesari-2023-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Somma-2024_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Somma-2024-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Outside of Italy, cream is sometimes used to thicken the sauce, and ingredients such as chicken, shrimp, salmon or broccoli may also be added when it is served as a main course.<sup id="cite_ref-Cesari-2023a_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cesari-2023a-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The dish is named after Alfredo Di Lelio, a Roman restaurateur who is credited with its invention and popularisation.<sup id="cite_ref-Cesari-2023a_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cesari-2023a-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Di Lelio's elaborate <a href="/wiki/Gueridon_service" title="Gueridon service">tableside service</a> was an integral part of the recipe's success.<sup id="cite_ref-downie_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-downie-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rector2_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rector2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-frasi_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frasi-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fettuccine Alfredo is a richer variant of standard Italian <i>fettuccine al burro</i> (<span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">fettuccine with butter</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>) or <i>pasta burro e parmigiano</i> (<span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">pasta with butter and Parmesan cheese</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>). It is a kind of <i>pasta in bianco</i>, that is, without added sauce.<sup id="cite_ref-root_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-root-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mariani_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mariani-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-zafferano_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zafferano-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Italian recipes do not include cream and are not topped with other ingredients, nor is the dish generally called "Alfredo" in Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-Cesari-2023_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cesari-2023-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fettuccine_Alfredo&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italian_origins">Italian origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fettuccine_Alfredo&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Italian origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Italy, the combination of pasta with butter and cheese dates to at least the 15th century, when it was mentioned by <a href="/wiki/Martino_da_Como" title="Martino da Como">Martino da Como</a>, a northern Italian cook active in Rome;<sup id="cite_ref-Gambero2016_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gambero2016-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> this recipe for "Roman macaroni" (Italian: <i lang="it">maccaroni romaneschi</i>) calls for cooking pasta in broth or water and adding butter, "good cheese" (the variety is not specified) and "sweet spices".<sup id="cite_ref-arte-coquinaria_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arte-coquinaria-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1157697682">.mw-parser-output .verse_translation .translated{padding-left:2em!important}@media only screen and (max-width:43.75em){.mw-parser-output .verse_translation.wrap_when_small td{display:block;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .verse_translation.wrap_when_small .translated{padding-left:0.5em!important}}</style> <table role="presentation" class="verse_translation" style="margin-left:1em !important"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Maccaroni romaneschi </th> <th scope="col">Roman-style Macaroni </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><div style="font-style:roman;text-align:left" lang="it" class="poem"> <p>Piglia de la farina che sia bella, et distemperala et fa' la pasta un pocho più grossa che quella de le lasangne, et avoltola intorno ad un bastone. Et dapoi caccia fore il bastone, et tagliala la pasta larga un dito piccolo, et resterà in modo de bindelle, overo stringhe.<br /> <br /> Et mitteli accocere in brodo grasso, overo in acqua secundo il tempo. Et vole bollire quando gli metti accocere. Et se tu gli coci in acqua mettevi del butiro frescho, et pocho sale.<br /> <br /> Et como sonno cotti mittili in piattelli con bono caso, et butiro, et spetie dolci. </p> </div> </td> <td class="translated"><div style="font-style:roman;text-align:left" lang="en" class="poem"> <p>Take some white flour, and add water and make a sheet of pasta slightly thicker than that for <a href="/wiki/Lasagne" class="mw-redirect" title="Lasagne">lasagne</a>, and wrap it around a stick; and then remove the stick and cut the pasta into pieces the size of your little finger, and they end up with the shape of thin strips or strings.<br /> <br /> Cook in fatty broth or in water, depending on the season. But they need to be boiled when you cook them. If you cook them in water, add some fresh butter and a bit of salt.<br /> <br /> When they are done, place on a platter with some good cheese, and butter, and sweet spices. </p> </div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%"> <td style="padding-left:1.6em;text-align:left">—Maestro <a href="/wiki/Martino_da_Como" title="Martino da Como">Martino da Como</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1460</span>). Libro de Arte Coquinaria, Ch. 2 § <i>Maccaroni romaneschi</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-arte-coquinaria_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arte-coquinaria-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="padding-left:3.6em;text-align:left">—Translated by Jeremy Parzen (2005).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roman_creation">Roman creation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fettuccine_Alfredo&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Roman creation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Modern fettuccine Alfredo was created by Alfredo Di Lelio in Rome in the early 20th century. According to family lore, in 1892 Alfredo began to work in a restaurant located in Piazza Rosa that was run by his mother Angelina. He cooked his first <i>fettuccine al triplo burro</i> (<span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">fettuccine with triple butter</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>—later called <i>fettuccine all'Alfredo</i>, and eventually fettuccine Alfredo)<sup id="cite_ref-cb72_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cb72-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1907 or 1908, in what is said to have been an effort to entice his convalescent wife, Ines, to eat after giving birth to their first child Armando.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recipes attributed to Di Lelio include only three ingredients: fettuccine, "young" Parmesan cheese and butter.<sup id="cite_ref-popik_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-popik-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rector2_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rector2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-frasi_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frasi-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yet there are various legends about the "secret" of the original Alfredo recipe: some say oil is added to the pasta dough; others that the pasta is cooked in milk.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FOTO-ALFREDO-1914-ricostruita-alta-risoluzione.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/FOTO-ALFREDO-1914-ricostruita-alta-risoluzione.jpg/220px-FOTO-ALFREDO-1914-ricostruita-alta-risoluzione.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/FOTO-ALFREDO-1914-ricostruita-alta-risoluzione.jpg/330px-FOTO-ALFREDO-1914-ricostruita-alta-risoluzione.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/FOTO-ALFREDO-1914-ricostruita-alta-risoluzione.jpg/440px-FOTO-ALFREDO-1914-ricostruita-alta-risoluzione.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Alfredo Di Lelio in front of Ristorante Alfredo, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1914</span></figcaption></figure> <p>Piazza Rosa was condemned to make way for the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Galleria_Alberto_Sordi" title="Galleria Alberto Sordi">Galleria Colonna</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1910</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the restaurant was forced to close, after which, Di Lelio opened his own restaurant called "Alfredo" on the via della Scrofa (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1914</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following a visit from the American actors <a href="/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford">Mary Pickford</a> and <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Fairbanks" title="Douglas Fairbanks">Douglas Fairbanks</a> (who was known as "The King of Hollywood")<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the early 1920s, Alfredo began to serve his signature dish using a golden fork and spoon bearing the inscription "To Alfredo the King of the noodles" (said to have been a gift from the famous Hollywood couple in gratitude for Alfredo's hospitality).<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-popik_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-popik-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cb72_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cb72-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cesari-2023_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cesari-2023-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Di Lelio's fame and success grew (he was knighted by the <a href="/wiki/King_of_Italy#Kingdom_of_Italy,_House_of_Savoy_(1861–1946)" title="King of Italy">King of Italy</a>, making him a <i><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Crown_of_Italy" title="Order of the Crown of Italy">Cavaliere dell'Ordine della Corona d'Italia</a></i>) until <a href="/wiki/Rationing#Second_World_War" title="Rationing">war rationing</a> made it increasingly difficult to obtain flour, eggs, and butter.<sup id="cite_ref-newman_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newman-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rohe-1927_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rohe-1927-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rector2_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rector2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He sold the restaurant to two of his waiters in 1943 and retired.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-frasi_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frasi-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> After the war, in 1950, Di Lelio opened a new restaurant in <a href="/wiki/Piazza_Augusto_Imperatore" title="Piazza Augusto Imperatore">Piazza Augusto Imperatore</a> with his son Armando.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Somma-2024_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Somma-2024-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He vigorously promoted the restaurant by creating a <a href="/wiki/Celebrity_wall" title="Celebrity wall">celebrity wall</a> of fettuccine themed photographs showing himself (in humorous poses, with his pasta and gold cutlery) serving dignitaries, politicians, famous musicians and film stars such as <a href="/wiki/James_Stewart" title="James Stewart">James Stewart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Quinn" title="Anthony Quinn">Anthony Quinn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bing_Crosby" title="Bing Crosby">Bing Crosby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gary_Cooper" title="Gary Cooper">Gary Cooper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Lemmon" title="Jack Lemmon">Jack Lemmon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ava_Gardner" title="Ava Gardner">Ava Gardner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tyrone_Power" title="Tyrone Power">Tyrone Power</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sophia_Loren" title="Sophia Loren">Sophia Loren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cantinflas" title="Cantinflas">Cantinflas</a>, and many others.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dish was so well known that Di Lelio was invited to demonstrate it both in Italy and abroad.<sup id="cite_ref-frasi_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frasi-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fame of the dish, by this time called <i>maestosissime fettuccine all'Alfredo</i> (<span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">most majestic Alfredo-style fettuccine</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>) on Alfredo's menus, was heightened by the tableside "spectacle reminiscent of grand opera" during its preparation,<sup id="cite_ref-root_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-root-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "in a ritual of extraordinary theatricality". <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style></p><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:35%; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>[The] owner mixes the pasta and lifts it high to serve it, the white threads of cheese gilded with butter and the bright yellow of the ribbons of egg pasta offering an eyeful for the customer; at the end of the ceremony, the guest of honor is presented the golden cutlery and the serving dish, where the blond fettuccine roll around in the pale gold of the seasonings. It's worth seeing the whole ceremony. The owner, son of old Alfredo and looking exactly like him [...] bends over the great skein of fettuccine, fixes it intensely, his eyes half-closed, and dives into mixing it, waving the golden cutlery with grand gestures, like an orchestra conductor, with his sinister upwards-pointing twirled moustache dancing up and down, pinkies in the air, a rapt gaze, flailing elbows.<sup id="cite_ref-frasi_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frasi-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> </div> <p>Both the original restaurant (now called <a href="/wiki/Alfredo_alla_Scrofa" title="Alfredo alla Scrofa">Alfredo alla Scrofa</a>), and the post-war iteration (known as Il vero Alfredo and still run by the Di Lelio family) serve "fettuccine Alfredo" and compete vigorously, with escalating puffery (e.g., "the king of fettuccine", "the real king of fettuccine", "the magician of fettuccine", "the emperor of fettuccine", "the real Alfredo", etc.).<sup id="cite_ref-frasi_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frasi-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1981, there were about 50 restaurants in Rome selling similar fettuccine dishes, mostly called <i>fettuccine alla romana</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-hoffman_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hoffman-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fettuccine Alfredo, minus the spectacle, has now become ubiquitous in Italian-style restaurants outside Italy, although despite its worldwide renown, in Italy this dish is usually still called simply <i>fettuccine al burro</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-zafferano_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zafferano-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mariani_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mariani-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cesari-2023_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cesari-2023-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American_popularization">American popularization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fettuccine_Alfredo&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: American popularization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The dish has long been popular with Americans, who, when in Rome, have often sought out its historical origins.<sup id="cite_ref-Cesari-2023a_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cesari-2023a-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ristorante_Alfredo_menu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Ristorante_Alfredo_menu.jpg/170px-Ristorante_Alfredo_menu.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Ristorante_Alfredo_menu.jpg/255px-Ristorante_Alfredo_menu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Ristorante_Alfredo_menu.jpg/340px-Ristorante_Alfredo_menu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="469" data-file-height="649" /></a><figcaption>Ristorante Alfredo menu, undated</figcaption></figure> <p>Alfredo's noodles have been extolled in US newspapers, magazines, cookbooks and guidebooks since as early as the 1920s.<sup id="cite_ref-newman_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newman-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-popik_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-popik-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In one of her popular travel guides, <i>So You're Going to Rome!</i>, <a href="/wiki/Clara_E._Laughlin" title="Clara E. Laughlin">Clara Laughlin</a> writes, "Most travellers would blush to admit they had been in Rome and had not eaten Alfredo's <i>fettuccine al burro</i>."<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sinclair_Lewis" title="Sinclair Lewis">Sinclair Lewis</a>'s 1922 novel <i><a href="/wiki/Babbitt_(novel)" title="Babbitt (novel)">Babbitt</a></i> makes reference to "a little trattoria on the Via della Scrofa where you get the best fettuccine in the world".<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> In the late 1920s and early 1930s, the American food writer and restaurateur <a href="/wiki/George_Rector" title="George Rector">George Rector</a> wrote about "Alfredo's noodles", describing in detail the restaurateur's elaborate tableside preparation ceremony; he did not give the dish a specific name.<sup id="cite_ref-rector2_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rector2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a later account, Rector mentions the addition of accompanying violin music and golden tableware.<sup id="cite_ref-Rector-1933_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rector-1933-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"></p><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:35%; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>This act of mixing the butter and cheese through the noodles becomes quite a ceremony when performed by Alfredo in his tiny restaurant in Rome. As busy as Alfredo is with other duties, he manages to be at each table when the waiter arrives with the platter of fettuccine to be mixed by him. As a violinist plays inspiring music, Alfredo performs the sacred ceremony with a fork and spoon of solid gold. Alfredo does not cook noodles. He does not make noodles. He <i>achieves</i> them. </p> </blockquote> <p style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">— <a href="/wiki/George_Rector" title="George Rector">George Rector</a> (1933)<sup id="cite_ref-Rector-1933_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rector-1933-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></p> </div><p> By the 1920s Alfredo was billing himself as <i>Il Re delle Fettuccine</i> <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">The King of Fettuccine</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span> (printed on his menus in both Italian and English), although when exactly the "fettuccine Alfredo" appellation came about is unclear. A 1925 Italian guidebook and its English translation uses "<i>fettuccine al burro</i>";<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, a 1927 article by <a href="/wiki/Alice_Rohe" title="Alice Rohe">Alice Rohe</a> mentions "noodles Alfredo".<sup id="cite_ref-Rohe-1927_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rohe-1927-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throughout this period and beyond, restaurant reviews, advertisements, and recipes for "noodles Alfredo" (1927 and 1929),<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Alfredo's spaghetti" (1939),<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "<i>fettuccine all'Alfredo</i>" (1956),<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and eventually "fettuccine Alfredo" (1957 and 1964)<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> began to crop up in various publications. </p><p>In 1966, the Pennsylvania Dutch Noodle Company started selling their dried "fettuccine egg noodles" with an "Alfredo" recipe on the package. In addition to the traditional Parmesan cheese and butter, this version also included <a href="/wiki/Swiss_cheese_(North_America)" title="Swiss cheese (North America)">Swiss cheese</a> and cream.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-coleman_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coleman-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1977, Armando Di Lelio (Alfredo's son) and a partner opened a restaurant called "Alfredo's" near <a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Center" title="Rockefeller Center">Rockefeller Center</a> in New York, and several years later, another in <a href="/wiki/Epcot" title="Epcot">Epcot</a> at Disney World—both of which have since closed<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (there are also branches of Il vero Alfredo in Mexico and Saudi Arabia).<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The two largest full-service Italian-American restaurant chains, <a href="/wiki/Olive_Garden" title="Olive Garden">Olive Garden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carrabba%27s_Italian_Grill" title="Carrabba's Italian Grill">Carrabba's Italian Grill</a>, both serve and advertise the dish widely.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A smaller chain, <a href="/wiki/Il_Fornaio" title="Il Fornaio">Il Fornaio</a>, which says that its goal is, to "provide our guests with the most authentic Italian experience outside of Italy", does not serve fettuccine Alfredo.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some American food writers recommend that home cooks follow Di Lelio's three ingredient formula. Writing in <i><a href="/wiki/Bon_App%C3%A9tit" title="Bon Appétit">Bon Appétit</a></i>, the Italian-American chef <a href="/wiki/Carla_Lalli_Music" title="Carla Lalli Music">Carla Lalli Music</a> notes that "American cooks added heavy cream or <a href="/wiki/Half_and_half#Dairy_product" title="Half and half">half-and-half</a> to thicken and enrich the sauce. To each their own, but no authentic fettuccine Alfredo recipe should include cream (because it dulls the flavor of the cheese)."<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The dish has its enthusiasts and its detractors. In 2018, the restaurant critic <a href="/wiki/Pete_Wells" title="Pete Wells">Pete Wells</a> said of one version, "The Alfredo sauce, sweetly dripping from the fettuccine like rain from a leaf, hit me like a prescription opiate that had been specifically engineered for my opiate receptors. It's been a long time since I'd had fettuccine Alfredo";<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1981, the travel writer Paul Hoffman called the Roman versions "one of the most tempting and at the same time simplest pasta specialties".<sup id="cite_ref-hoffman_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hoffman-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the other hand, the food writer <a href="/wiki/Gillian_Riley" title="Gillian Riley">Gillian Riley</a> says that the fettuccine of Rome "hardly need Alfredo's gross sauce of butter, cream [sic], and cheese".<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The American nutrition advocate <a href="/wiki/Michael_F._Jacobson#His_activities_and_views" title="Michael F. Jacobson">Michael Jacobson</a> described fettuccine Alfredo as a "heart attack on a plate".<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alfredo_sauce">Alfredo sauce</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fettuccine_Alfredo&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Alfredo sauce"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the United States, brands such as <a href="/wiki/Rag%C3%BA" title="Ragú">Ragú</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trader_Joe%27s" title="Trader Joe's">Trader Joe's</a>, <a href="/wiki/Whole_Foods_Market" title="Whole Foods Market">Whole Foods Market</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bertolli" title="Bertolli">Bertolli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kroger" title="Kroger">Kroger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heinz#Brands" title="Heinz">Classico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prego" title="Prego">Prego</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rao%27s" title="Rao's">Rao's</a>, <a href="/wiki/Newman%27s_Own" title="Newman's Own">Newman's Own</a>, <a href="/wiki/Safeway#Private_brands" title="Safeway">Signature Select</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sacl%C3%A0" title="Saclà">Saclà</a> sell shelf-stable Alfredo sauces in glass jars for home cooks. <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Rana" title="Giovanni Rana">Giovanni Rana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buitoni" title="Buitoni">Buitoni</a> sell fresh Alfredo sauces in plastic tubs that must be refrigerated. The Alaska Seasoning Company makes "Alfredo sauce powder", a <a href="/wiki/Spice_mix" title="Spice mix">spice mix</a> to which, according to the company, one "simply [adds] cream [to] make a restaurant style Alfredo Sauce".<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These sauces are marketed at various <a href="/wiki/Price_point" title="Price point">price points</a> and quality levels, and are often reviewed in food related publications.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The British retailer <a href="/wiki/Asda" title="Asda">ASDA</a> sells a version called "New York creamy chicken Alfredo sauce".<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other Alfredo variants and formats such as pre-packaged fresh, <a href="/wiki/Boil-in-bag" title="Boil-in-bag">boil-in-bag</a>, or frozen meals are also widely available in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the late 1970s, McDonald's experimented with a <a href="/wiki/List_of_McDonald%27s_products#Pizza_and_pasta" title="List of McDonald's products">dinner menu</a> that included fettuccine Alfredo, pizza, lasagna, and McSpaghetti. These options are no longer available in America.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Italy, Alfredo alla Scrofa began offering its own version of <i>salsa Alfredo</i> in 2020. Sold in glass jars, the sauce is promoted as using only the highest quality ingredients and contains Parmesan (43%), water, butter, rice flour, and sunflower seed oil—but no cream.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fettuccine_Alfredo&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/32px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/48px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/64px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Italy" title="Portal:Italy">Italy portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, 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portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian-American_cuisine" title="Italian-American cuisine">Italian-American cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pasta" title="List of pasta">List of pasta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pasta_dishes" title="List of pasta dishes">List of pasta dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_foods_named_after_people" title="List of foods named after people">List of foods named after people</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fettuccine_Alfredo&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-cb72-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cb72_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cb72_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cb72_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarnacinaBuonassisi1975">Carnacina & Buonassisi 1975</a>, pp. 72–73</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cesari-2023-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cesari-2023_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cesari-2023_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cesari-2023_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cesari-2023_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCesari2023" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Cesari, Luca (24 September 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gamberorosso.it/notizie/la-storia-delle-fettuccine-alfredo/">"Lo strano caso delle Fettuccine Alfredo, il piatto quasi sconosciuto in Italia e famoso negli Usa"</a> [The strange case of Fettuccine Alfredo, an almost unknown dish in Italy that's famous in America]. <i>Gambero Rosso</i> (in Italian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gambero+Rosso&rft.atitle=Lo+strano+caso+delle+Fettuccine+Alfredo%2C+il+piatto+quasi+sconosciuto+in+Italia+e+famoso+negli+Usa&rft.date=2023-09-24&rft.aulast=Cesari&rft.aufirst=Luca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamberorosso.it%2Fnotizie%2Fla-storia-delle-fettuccine-alfredo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFettuccine+Alfredo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Somma-2024-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Somma-2024_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Somma-2024_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSomma2024" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Somma, Marianna (20 February 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wineandfoodtour.it/storia-delle-fettuccine-alfredo-il-piu-famoso-piatto-italo-americano/">"Storia delle Fettuccine Alfredo, il più famoso piatto italo-americano"</a> [The history of Fettuccine Alfredo, the most famous Italian-American dish]. <i>Wine and Food Tour</i> (in Italian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wine+and+Food+Tour&rft.atitle=Storia+delle+Fettuccine+Alfredo%2C+il+pi%C3%B9+famoso+piatto+italo-americano&rft.date=2024-02-20&rft.aulast=Somma&rft.aufirst=Marianna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wineandfoodtour.it%2Fstoria-delle-fettuccine-alfredo-il-piu-famoso-piatto-italo-americano%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFettuccine+Alfredo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cesari-2023a-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cesari-2023a_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cesari-2023a_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cesari-2023a_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCesari2023" class="citation web cs1">Cesari, Luca (26 January 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lithub.com/the-invention-of-fettuccine-alfredo-a-love-story/">"The Invention of Fettuccine Alfredo: A Love Story"</a>. <i>Literary Hub</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Literary+Hub&rft.atitle=The+Invention+of+Fettuccine+Alfredo%3A+A+Love+Story&rft.date=2023-01-26&rft.aulast=Cesari&rft.aufirst=Luca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flithub.com%2Fthe-invention-of-fettuccine-alfredo-a-love-story%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFettuccine+Alfredo" class="Z3988"></span>, excerpted from <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCesari2023" class="citation book cs1">Cesari, Luca (2023). <i>The discovery of pasta: a history in ten dishes</i>. Translated by Bishop, Johanna. Pegasus Books, Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-63936-316-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-63936-316-2"><bdi>978-1-63936-316-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+discovery+of+pasta%3A+a+history+in+ten+dishes&rft.pub=Pegasus+Books%2C+Ltd&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-1-63936-316-2&rft.aulast=Cesari&rft.aufirst=Luca&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFettuccine+Alfredo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHutcherson2024" class="citation news cs1">Hutcherson, Aaron (5 February 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/food/2024/01/23/fettuccine-alfredo-evolution-dinner-in-minutes/">"You can't beat fettuccine Alfredo for a rich, adaptable 30-minute meal"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=You+can%27t+beat+fettuccine+Alfredo+for+a+rich%2C+adaptable+30-minute+meal&rft.date=2024-02-05&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft.aulast=Hutcherson&rft.aufirst=Aaron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Ffood%2F2024%2F01%2F23%2Ffettuccine-alfredo-evolution-dinner-in-minutes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFettuccine+Alfredo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldsmith" class="citation web cs1">Goldsmith, Samuel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbcgoodfood.com/recipes/alfredo-sauce">"Alfredo sauce recipe"</a>. <i>BBC Good Food</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+Good+Food&rft.atitle=Alfredo+sauce+recipe&rft.aulast=Goldsmith&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbcgoodfood.com%2Frecipes%2Falfredo-sauce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFettuccine+Alfredo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-downie-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-downie_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDownie2011">Downie 2011</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yvMf8Y4TWSoC&pg=PA106">106</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rector2-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rector2_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rector2_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rector2_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rector2_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">George Rector, "A Cook's Tour", <i><a href="/wiki/The_Saturday_Evening_Post" title="The Saturday Evening Post">Saturday Evening Post</a></i>, November 19, 1927, p. 14, 52, 54, 56, 58 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=A00kAQAAMAAJ&q=noodles+alfredo">snippet</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-frasi-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-frasi_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-frasi_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-frasi_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-frasi_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-frasi_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-frasi_9-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">'frasi' [pseudo. of Francesco Simoncini], <i>Ristoranti a Roma</i>, A.B.E.T.E. 1967, p. 99</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-root-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-root_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-root_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRoot1971">Root 1971</a>, p. 86</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mariani-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mariani_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mariani_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMariani2011">Mariani 2011</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (March 2023)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-zafferano-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-zafferano_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-zafferano_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.giallozafferano.com/recipes/Fettuccine-Alfredo.html">"Fettuccine Alfredo"</a>. Giallo Zafferano<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fettuccine+Alfredo&rft.pub=Giallo+Zafferano&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.giallozafferano.com%2Frecipes%2FFettuccine-Alfredo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFettuccine+Alfredo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gambero2016-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gambero2016_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnnalisa_Zordan2016" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Annalisa Zordan (29 May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gamberorosso.it/notizie/articoli-food/fettuccine-alfredo-come-si-preparano-e-chi-le-ha-inventate/">"Fettuccine Alfredo. Come si preparano e chi le ha inventate"</a> (in Italian). <a href="/wiki/Gambero_Rosso" title="Gambero Rosso">Gambero Rosso</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fettuccine+Alfredo.+Come+si+preparano+e+chi+le+ha+inventate&rft.pub=Gambero+Rosso&rft.date=2016-05-29&rft.au=Annalisa+Zordan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamberorosso.it%2Fnotizie%2Farticoli-food%2Ffettuccine-alfredo-come-si-preparano-e-chi-le-ha-inventate%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFettuccine+Alfredo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-arte-coquinaria-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-arte-coquinaria_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-arte-coquinaria_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Rossic._1460" class="citation book cs1">de Rossi, Martino (c. 1460). "Ch. 2 § Maccaroni romaneschi". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uni-giessen.de/de/fbz/fb05/germanistik/absprache/sprachverwendung/gloning/tx/martino2.htm"><i>Libro de Arte Coquinaria</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ch.+2+%C2%A7+Maccaroni+romaneschi&rft.btitle=Libro+de+Arte+Coquinaria&rft.aulast=de+Rossi&rft.aufirst=Martino&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uni-giessen.de%2Fde%2Ffbz%2Ffb05%2Fgermanistik%2Fabsprache%2Fsprachverwendung%2Fgloning%2Ftx%2Fmartino2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFettuccine+Alfredo" class="Z3988"></span> Original manuscript scan available on the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>, relevant section on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/resource/rbc0001.2017medren60856/?sp=39">page 39</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBallerini2005" class="citation book cs1">Ballerini, Luigi, ed. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Art+of+Cooking%3A+The+First+Modern+Cookery+Book&rft.pages=67-68&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780520928312&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9Efw2S_NekYC%26pg%3DPA67&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFettuccine+Alfredo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilveroalfredo.it/storia/">"La Storia"</a>. <i>il vero Alfredo</i> (in Italian). web. 10 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=info.roma.it&rft.atitle=Piazza+Rosa%2C+Roma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.info.roma.it%2Fstrade_dettaglio.asp%3FID_indirizzi%3D4539&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFettuccine+Alfredo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGiardina2017" class="citation web cs1">Giardina, Rowena Dumlao (28 April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://honestcooking.com/ristorante-alfredo-alla-scrofa-birthplace-fettuccine-alfredo/">"Ristorante Alfredo alla Scrofa: The Birthplace of Fettuccine Alfredo"</a>. <i>Honest Cooking</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Chicago Review Press. 2015. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1613734049" title="Special:BookSources/978-1613734049"><bdi>978-1613734049</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+King+of+Hollywood%3A+The+Life+of+Douglas+Fairbanks&rft.pub=Chicago+Review+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1613734049&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFettuccine+Alfredo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDistefano2024" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Distefano, Natalia (7 February 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://roma.corriere.it/notizie/cronaca/24_febbraio_07/fettuccine-alfredo-day-lo-storico-ristorante-festeggia-annunciando-la-nuova-apertura-in-arabia-saudita-340effec-23a7-4322-a80a-fa143cf54xlk.shtml">"Fettuccine Alfredo Day: lo storico ristorante festeggia annunciando la nuova apertura in Arabia Saudita"</a>. <i>Corriere della Sera</i> (in Italian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Food+%26+Wine&rft.atitle=The+Fettuccine+Alfredo+at+the+Wendy%27s+Superbar+Turned+Me+into+a+Chef&rft.aulast=Milton&rft.aufirst=Travis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foodandwine.com%2Fchefs%2Fim-a-chef-because-of-the-wendys-superbar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFettuccine+Alfredo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://michaelangelos.com/product/chicken-alfredo/">"Chicken Alfredo with Broccoli"</a>. <i>Michael Angelo's</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Michael+Angelo%27s&rft.atitle=Chicken+Alfredo+with+Broccoli&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmichaelangelos.com%2Fproduct%2Fchicken-alfredo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFettuccine+Alfredo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVelasco" class="citation news cs1">Velasco, Schuyler. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.csmonitor.com/Business/2013/0821/10-fast-foods-that-have-disappeared/McSpaghetti">"10 fast foods that have disappeared"</a>. <i>Christian Science Monitor</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0882-7729">0882-7729</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Christian+Science+Monitor&rft.atitle=10+fast+foods+that+have+disappeared&rft.issn=0882-7729&rft.aulast=Velasco&rft.aufirst=Schuyler&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2FBusiness%2F2013%2F0821%2F10-fast-foods-that-have-disappeared%2FMcSpaghetti&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFettuccine+Alfredo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"La Salsa Alfredo arriva a casa in barattolo. Idea del mitico ristorante romano delle Fettuccine", <i>Gambero Rosso</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gamberorosso.it/notizie/la-salsa-alfredo-arriva-a-casa-in-barattolo-idea-del-mitico-ristorante-romano-delle-fettuccine/?fbclid=IwAR3yIccWqClcBsruIumY4IO6r1s5lE0s--_2o6K2tm7NDcTEO8573rX3GZM">May 9, 2020</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418171914/https://www.alfredoallascrofa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/salsa-alfredo.jpg">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Salsa Alfredo", web site of Alfredo alla Scrofa"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alfredoallascrofa.com/product-page/salsa-alfredo?lang=en">the original</a> on 18 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Salsa+Alfredo%22%2C+web+site+of+Alfredo+alla+Scrofa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alfredoallascrofa.com%2Fproduct-page%2Fsalsa-alfredo%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFettuccine+Alfredo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fettuccine_Alfredo&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoot1971" class="citation book cs1">Root, Waverly (1971). <i>The Food of Italy</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Food+of+Italy&rft.date=1971&rft.aulast=Root&rft.aufirst=Waverly&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFettuccine+Alfredo" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarnacinaBuonassisi1975" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Carnacina, Luigi; Buonassisi, Vincenzo (1975). <i>Roma in Cucina</i> (in Italian). Milano: Giunti Martello.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Roma+in+Cucina&rft.place=Milano&rft.pub=Giunti+Martello&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Carnacina&rft.aufirst=Luigi&rft.au=Buonassisi%2C+Vincenzo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFettuccine+Alfredo" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDownie2011" class="citation book cs1">Downie, David (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yvMf8Y4TWSoC"><i>Cooking the Roman Way</i></a>. HarperCollins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780062031099" title="Special:BookSources/9780062031099"><bdi>9780062031099</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cooking+the+Roman+Way&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780062031099&rft.aulast=Downie&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyvMf8Y4TWSoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFettuccine+Alfredo" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMariani2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_F._Mariani" title="John F. Mariani">Mariani, John F.</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nwjpDJTz6G0C"><i>How Italian Food Conquered the World</i></a>. New York: St. Martin's Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0230112414" title="Special:BookSources/978-0230112414"><bdi>978-0230112414</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+Italian+Food+Conquered+the+World&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0230112414&rft.aulast=Mariani&rft.aufirst=John+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnwjpDJTz6G0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFettuccine+Alfredo" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZanini_De_VitaFant2013" class="citation book cs1">Zanini De Vita, Oretta; Fant, Maureen B. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rUczAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA104"><i>Sauces & Shapes: Pasta the Italian Way</i></a>. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-08243-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-08243-2"><bdi>978-0-393-08243-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sauces+%26+Shapes%3A+Pasta+the+Italian+Way&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-393-08243-2&rft.aulast=Zanini+De+Vita&rft.aufirst=Oretta&rft.au=Fant%2C+Maureen+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrUczAQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA104&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFettuccine+Alfredo" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPipola2017" class="citation book cs1">Pipola, Clementina, ed. (2017). <i>Fettuccine Alfredo. A true love story</i>. Roma: Agra Editrice. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-6140-220-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-6140-220-1"><bdi>978-88-6140-220-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fettuccine+Alfredo.+A+true+love+story&rft.place=Roma&rft.pub=Agra+Editrice&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-88-6140-220-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFettuccine+Alfredo" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCesari2023" class="citation book cs1">Cesari, Luca (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1m45zwEACAAJ"><i>The Discovery of Pasta: A History in Ten Dishes</i></a>. Pegasus Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1639363162" title="Special:BookSources/978-1639363162"><bdi>978-1639363162</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Discovery+of+Pasta%3A+A+History+in+Ten+Dishes&rft.pub=Pegasus+Books&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-1639363162&rft.aulast=Cesari&rft.aufirst=Luca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1m45zwEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFettuccine+Alfredo" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fettuccine_Alfredo&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fettuccine_Alfredo" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Fettuccine Alfredo">Fettuccine Alfredo</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikibooks <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook">Cookbook</a> has a recipe/module on <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="margin-left: 1.6em;"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Alfredo_Sauce" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook:Alfredo Sauce"> Alfredo Sauce</a></b></i></li></ul> </div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alfredoallascrofa.com/en/fettuccine-alfredo/"><i>Fettuccine Alfredo Love Story</i></a> (via Alfredo alla Scrofa)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ilveroalfredo.it/en/history/"><i>Our History</i></a> (via Il Vero Alfredo)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output 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