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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Client_interactions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>Client interactions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Client_interactions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wound_healing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wound_healing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.3</span> <span>Wound healing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wound_healing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_modes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_modes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Social modes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_modes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Juvenile_behavior" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Juvenile_behavior"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>Juvenile behavior</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Juvenile_behavior-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relationship_with_humans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationship_with_humans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Relationship with humans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relationship_with_humans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input 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Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acanthurus_coeruleus" title="Acanthurus coeruleus – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Acanthurus coeruleus" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peix_cirurgi%C3%A0_blau_del_Carib" title="Peix cirurgià blau del Carib – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Peix cirurgià blau del Carib" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acanthurus_coeruleus" title="Acanthurus coeruleus – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Acanthurus coeruleus" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blauer_Doktorfisch" title="Blauer Doktorfisch – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Blauer Doktorfisch" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acanthurus_coeruleus" title="Acanthurus coeruleus – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Acanthurus coeruleus" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acanthurus_coeruleus" title="Acanthurus coeruleus – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Acanthurus coeruleus" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AD%E2%80%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="جراح‌ماهی آبی آتلانتیک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جراح‌ماهی آبی آتلانتیک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acanthurus_coeruleus" title="Acanthurus coeruleus – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Acanthurus coeruleus" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acanthurus_coeruleus" title="Acanthurus coeruleus – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Acanthurus coeruleus" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%97lynasis_j%C5%ABr%C5%B3_chirurgas" title="Mėlynasis jūrų chirurgas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mėlynasis jūrų chirurgas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blauwe_doktersvis" title="Blauwe doktersvis – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Blauwe doktersvis" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pokolec_turkusowy" title="Pokolec turkusowy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pokolec turkusowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acanthurus_coeruleus" title="Acanthurus coeruleus – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Acanthurus coeruleus" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siniv%C3%A4lsk%C3%A4ri" title="Sinivälskäri – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sinivälskäri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acanthurus_coeruleus" title="Acanthurus coeruleus – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Acanthurus coeruleus" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acanthurus_coeruleus" title="Acanthurus coeruleus – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Acanthurus coeruleus" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acanthurus_coeruleus" title="Acanthurus coeruleus – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Acanthurus coeruleus" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%97%8D%E5%88%BA%E5%B0%BE%E9%AD%9A" title="藍刺尾魚 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="藍刺尾魚" data-language-autonym="中文" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Species of fish</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><i>Acanthurus coeruleus</i> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Acanthurus_coeruleus_(blue_tang)_(San_Salvador_Island,_Bahamas)_5_(15962615858).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Acanthurus_coeruleus_%28blue_tang%29_%28San_Salvador_Island%2C_Bahamas%29_5_%2815962615858%29.jpg/220px-Acanthurus_coeruleus_%28blue_tang%29_%28San_Salvador_Island%2C_Bahamas%29_5_%2815962615858%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Acanthurus_coeruleus_%28blue_tang%29_%28San_Salvador_Island%2C_Bahamas%29_5_%2815962615858%29.jpg/330px-Acanthurus_coeruleus_%28blue_tang%29_%28San_Salvador_Island%2C_Bahamas%29_5_%2815962615858%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Acanthurus_coeruleus_%28blue_tang%29_%28San_Salvador_Island%2C_Bahamas%29_5_%2815962615858%29.jpg/440px-Acanthurus_coeruleus_%28blue_tang%29_%28San_Salvador_Island%2C_Bahamas%29_5_%2815962615858%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1313" data-file-height="1358" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%"><i>Acanthurus coeruleus</i> at <a href="/wiki/San_Salvador_Island" title="San Salvador Island">San Salvador Island</a>, Bahamas. The coral is <i><a href="/wiki/Dendrogyra_cylindrus" class="mw-redirect" title="Dendrogyra cylindrus">Dendrogyra cylindrus</a></i>. </td></tr> <tr style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"> <th colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Conservation_status" title="Conservation status">Conservation status</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/220px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/330px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/440px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="137" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Least_Concern" class="mw-redirect" title="Least Concern">Least Concern</a> <small> (<a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN 3.1</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Acanthurus" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Actinopterygii" title="Actinopterygii">Actinopterygii</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Acanthuriformes" title="Acanthuriformes">Acanthuriformes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Acanthuridae" title="Acanthuridae">Acanthuridae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Acanthurus" title="Acanthurus"><i>Acanthurus</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>A. coeruleus</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Acanthurus coeruleus</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Elieser_Bloch" title="Marcus Elieser Bloch">Bloch</a> & <a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottlob_Schneider" class="mw-redirect" title="Johann Gottlob Schneider">J. G. Schneider</a>, 1801</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Acanthurus_coeruleus_range.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Acanthurus_coeruleus_range.png/260px-Acanthurus_coeruleus_range.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Acanthurus_coeruleus_range.png/390px-Acanthurus_coeruleus_range.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Acanthurus_coeruleus_range.png/520px-Acanthurus_coeruleus_range.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="675" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a><sup id="cite_ref-FishBase_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FishBase-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul class="taxonlist"><li><i>Teuthis coeruleus</i> <small> (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) </small></li><li><i>Acanthurus broussonnetii</i> <small> <a href="/wiki/Anselme_Ga%C3%ABtan_Desmarest" title="Anselme Gaëtan Desmarest">Desmarest</a>, 1823 </small></li><li><i>Acanthurus violaceus</i> <small> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Louis_Laporte,_comte_de_Castelnau" title="François-Louis Laporte, comte de Castelnau">Castelnau</a>, 1855 </small></li><li><i>Acanthurus brevis</i> <small> <a href="/wiki/Felipe_Poey" title="Felipe Poey">Poey</a>, 1860 </small></li><li><i>Acronurus caeruleatus</i> <small> Poey, 1875 </small></li><li><i>Teuthis helioides</i> <small> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Barbour" title="Thomas Barbour">Barbour</a>, 1905 </small></li><li><i>Hepatus pawnee</i> <small> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_M._Breder,_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles M. Breder, Jr. (page does not exist)">Breder</a>, 1927 </small></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:269px;max-width:269px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:267px;max-width:267px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Acanthurus_coeruleus_biofluorescence.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Acanthurus_coeruleus_biofluorescence.jpg/265px-Acanthurus_coeruleus_biofluorescence.jpg" decoding="async" width="265" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Acanthurus_coeruleus_biofluorescence.jpg/398px-Acanthurus_coeruleus_biofluorescence.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Acanthurus_coeruleus_biofluorescence.jpg/530px-Acanthurus_coeruleus_biofluorescence.jpg 2x" data-file-width="780" data-file-height="563" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:267px;max-width:267px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Acanthurus_coeruleus_SI.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Acanthurus_coeruleus_SI.jpg/265px-Acanthurus_coeruleus_SI.jpg" decoding="async" width="265" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Acanthurus_coeruleus_SI.jpg/398px-Acanthurus_coeruleus_SI.jpg 1.5x, 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class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blue_tang_surgeonfish_-_Acanthurus_coeruleus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Blue_tang_surgeonfish_-_Acanthurus_coeruleus.jpg/265px-Blue_tang_surgeonfish_-_Acanthurus_coeruleus.jpg" decoding="async" width="265" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Blue_tang_surgeonfish_-_Acanthurus_coeruleus.jpg/398px-Blue_tang_surgeonfish_-_Acanthurus_coeruleus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Blue_tang_surgeonfish_-_Acanthurus_coeruleus.jpg/530px-Blue_tang_surgeonfish_-_Acanthurus_coeruleus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:267px;max-width:267px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Atlantic_blue_tang_surgeonfish_(%22Acanthurus_coeruleus%22)_-13092009a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Atlantic_blue_tang_surgeonfish_%28%22Acanthurus_coeruleus%22%29_-13092009a.jpg/265px-Atlantic_blue_tang_surgeonfish_%28%22Acanthurus_coeruleus%22%29_-13092009a.jpg" decoding="async" width="265" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Atlantic_blue_tang_surgeonfish_%28%22Acanthurus_coeruleus%22%29_-13092009a.jpg/398px-Atlantic_blue_tang_surgeonfish_%28%22Acanthurus_coeruleus%22%29_-13092009a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Atlantic_blue_tang_surgeonfish_%28%22Acanthurus_coeruleus%22%29_-13092009a.jpg/530px-Atlantic_blue_tang_surgeonfish_%28%22Acanthurus_coeruleus%22%29_-13092009a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="1880" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Color variation in <i>Acanthurus coeruleus</i> with progressing age (from top to bottom). The top image shows biofluorescence.</div></div></div></div> <p><i><b>Acanthurus coeruleus</b></i> is a species of marine <a href="/wiki/Ray-finned_fish" class="mw-redirect" title="Ray-finned fish">ray-finned fish</a> belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">family</a> <a href="/wiki/Acanthuridae" title="Acanthuridae">Acanthuridae</a>, the surgeonfishes, unicornfishes and tangs, found in the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a>. It can grow up to 39 centimetres (15 in) long.<sup id="cite_ref-fig_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fig-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Common names include <b>Atlantic blue tang</b>, <b>blue barber</b>, <b>blue doctor</b>, <b>blue doctorfish</b>, <b>blue tang</b>, <b>blue tang surgeonfish</b>, <b>yellow barber</b>, and <b>yellow doctorfish</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution">Distribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acanthurus_coeruleus&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Acanthurus coeruleus</i> is present in the western Atlantic Ocean from New York to Florida, Mexico and Brazil, and Ascension Island in the Mid-Atlantic. Also found in the Mediterranean Sea since 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acanthurus_coeruleus&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although the body of the <a href="/wiki/Reef_fish" class="mw-redirect" title="Reef fish">reef fish</a> can vary in shade from light to dark blue, the <a href="/wiki/Dorsal_fin" title="Dorsal fin">dorsal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anal_fin" class="mw-redirect" title="Anal fin">anal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Caudal_fin" class="mw-redirect" title="Caudal fin">caudal fins</a> are golden blue. As <a href="/wiki/Juvenile_(organism)" title="Juvenile (organism)">juveniles</a>, the edges on their dorsal and anal fins and the rings around their eyes are purple-blue, blue or blue-green. Their colors change during growth from a yellow juvenile, yellow tailed blue subadult and the blue adult phase. </p><p><i>Acanthurus coeruleus</i> exhibits <a href="/wiki/Biofluorescence" title="Biofluorescence">biofluorescence</a>, that is, when illuminated by blue or ultraviolet light, it re-emits it as green, and appears differently than under white light illumination (see image to the right). Biofluorescence may assist in intraspecific communication and camouflage.<sup id="cite_ref-plosone_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-plosone-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecology">Ecology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acanthurus_coeruleus&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ecology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Feeding">Feeding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acanthurus_coeruleus&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Feeding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Atlantic blue tangs inhabit coral reefs and inshore grassy and rocky areas, where there is a high prevalence of algae. They are <a href="/wiki/Herbivore" title="Herbivore">herbivorous</a>, and their diet consists only of filamentous <a href="/wiki/Algae" title="Algae">algae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Detritus" title="Detritus">detritus</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Plankton" title="Plankton">plankton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They eat the algae from the reefs in which they reside, as well as off the bodies of surrounding fish. By eating the algae off of other fish, the blue tang serve as cleaners for them.<sup id="cite_ref-FishBase_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FishBase-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the decline in the <i><a href="/wiki/Diadema_antillarum" title="Diadema antillarum">Diadema antillarum</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Sea_urchin" title="Sea urchin">sea urchin</a>) population, the blue tang population increased since the algal resources that the two animals usually competed for were more abundant.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Juvenile blue tangs eat continuously and feed heavily. This heavy feeding requirement is due to their poor utilization of food resources.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The blue tang's stomach and intestinal lining are proficient at absorbing crushed cellular content, but are not very effective at processing <a href="/wiki/Cellulose" title="Cellulose">cellulose</a>. This digestive system inefficiency leads blue tangs to spend more time and resources on foraging on a very abundant and fast-growing food source in close proximity. This close proximity to an abundant food source allows for continuous foraging.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Food_competition">Food competition</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acanthurus_coeruleus&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Food competition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Food distribution, density, and accessibility can determine population density and territory size in blue tangs. Territories with low <a href="/wiki/Biogenic_substance" title="Biogenic substance">biogenic</a> structure are larger than those of higher biogenic structure. Since the algal food resources are less dense in low-biogenic structured areas, these territories would have to be larger in order to include the necessary amount of food. This is in accordance with the <a href="/wiki/Ideal_free_distribution" title="Ideal free distribution">Ideal free distribution</a> model.<sup id="cite_ref-Interpreting_99-107_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Interpreting_99-107-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This model states that competitors should adjust their distribution in accordance with habitat quality such that each individual will gain the same amount of resources.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to this model, there should be a lower density of blue tangs on low-biogenic structured territories compared to higher-biogenic structured territories where there is a higher abundance of food. In both territories, each individual will receive similar amounts of resources due to competition. There is no significant difference in feeding rates of blue tangs on each type of territory, meaning that those in larger, uncolonized, and low density territories can match the resources of those in smaller high density territories.<sup id="cite_ref-Interpreting_99-107_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Interpreting_99-107-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cleaning_behavior">Cleaning behavior</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acanthurus_coeruleus&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Cleaning behavior"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Atlantic blue tangs engage in <a href="/wiki/Cleaning_symbiosis" title="Cleaning symbiosis">cleaning</a> behaviors with other fish as both cleaners and clients.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In these interactions, cleaners remove parasites and other materials from the surface of the client. Clients benefit by having ectoparasites and damaged tissue removed from the outside of their body. Removal of unwanted organisms and tissue can lead to improved health maintenance. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cleaner_interactions">Cleaner interactions</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acanthurus_coeruleus&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Cleaner interactions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Atlantic blue tangs act as cleaners by grazing algae as well as eating molted skin and parasites off of the client's flesh once the client comes to the cleaning station. The most common client in these interactions is the <a href="/wiki/Green_sea_turtle" title="Green sea turtle">green turtle</a>, in which the blue tang inspects the green turtle by nipping its head, limbs, tail, and <a href="/wiki/Carapace" title="Carapace">carapace</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FishBase_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FishBase-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Client_interactions">Client interactions</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acanthurus_coeruleus&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Client interactions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When acting as clients, blue tangs normally approach cleaning stations inhabited by <a href="/wiki/Goby" title="Goby">cleaner gobies</a>. Cleaners must be careful because the spine on both sides of the <a href="/wiki/Fish_fin" title="Fish fin">caudal peduncle</a> are sharp and can inflict painful wounds.<sup id="cite_ref-FishBase_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FishBase-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When in the client role, blue tangs will pose as they enter the cleaning station. Posing occurs before the cleaners inspect the incoming client fish. Fish who pose while in cleaning stations have a higher chance of getting cleaned. Blue tangs almost exclusively pose through head stands.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Wound_healing">Wound healing</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acanthurus_coeruleus&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Wound healing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Clients who are cleaned by blue tang benefit after suffering an injury. Blue tangs incur many minor injuries, but infection as a result of injuries rarely leads to death. Recovery rates from both minor and major injuries are very high in blue tangs. Injured blue tangs are found to spend more time in cleaning stations compared to those further along in the healing process. This indicates that cleaning plays an important role in the wound healing process. Cleaners pick at the wound and eat the dead tissue in the <a href="/wiki/Peripheral" title="Peripheral">peripheral</a> area.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_modes">Social modes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acanthurus_coeruleus&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Social modes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Blue tangs experience three different social modes: <a href="/wiki/Territory_(animal)" title="Territory (animal)">territorial</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shoaling" class="mw-redirect" title="Shoaling">schooling</a>, and wandering. Blue tangs in non-territorial modes form schools and wander, while territorial blue tangs do not. Territoriality reduces competition for food resources because one individual claims both a territory and its resources. Additionally, schooling allows fish to better overcome food defense by others, and wandering allows for individual movement to feeding areas, cleaning stations, and other resources. Social behaviors are affected by outside conditions such as <a href="/wiki/Damselfish" title="Damselfish">damselfish</a> density, conspecific population density, and life history stage.<sup id="cite_ref-Determinants_443-453_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Determinants_443-453-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Those in the territorial mode are <a href="/wiki/Aggressive" class="mw-redirect" title="Aggressive">aggressive</a> and actively chase intruding blue tangs. They swim slower and feed more frequently than non-territorial blue tangs. Schooling fish form compact groups with other blue tangs in addition to other species.<sup id="cite_ref-social_261-273_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-social_261-273-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Territorial blue tangs are found most often in the reef flat zone (sandy-bottomed with rocks or coral) and are rarely found in the spur zone (low coral ridges) or groove zone (sandy bottom channels). Territoriality prevalence decreases with increasing damselfish population, and the time of day also does not affect territoriality prevalence.<sup id="cite_ref-Determinants_443-453_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Determinants_443-453-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fish in schooling mode swim fast, eat at intermediate rates, and are not aggressive, even though they are often chased by <a href="/wiki/Damselfish" title="Damselfish">damselfish</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-social_261-273_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-social_261-273-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Schooling is most prevalent in areas with high damselfish densities such as the groove zone, spur zone, and crest zone (shallow reef area), while schools are most prevalent near midday.<sup id="cite_ref-Determinants_443-453_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Determinants_443-453-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wandering blue tangs are often chased by other fish, and also visit cleaning stations more often than those in the other modes.<sup id="cite_ref-social_261-273_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-social_261-273-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wandering is found most often in the reef back zone (enclosed region with irregular patches of algae, rock and sand) and during the morning. With an increase in conspecific population density, blue tang individuals become more territorial. Small, juvenile blue tangs are territorial, but the incidence of territoriality in the larger classes decreases. However, in these fish, schooling and wandering increases.<sup id="cite_ref-Determinants_443-453_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Determinants_443-453-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Juvenile_behavior">Juvenile behavior</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acanthurus_coeruleus&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Juvenile behavior"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Juvenile blue tangs exhibit different behavior than both <a href="/wiki/Conspecific" class="mw-redirect" title="Conspecific">conspecific</a> and <a href="/wiki/Congener_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Congener (biology)">congeneric</a> adults. Juveniles are prevalent in the reef crest zone, spur zone, and on the fringe of the reef flat zone, but are rare inside of the reef flat zone. Juveniles remain solitary on their home ranges, and home range territory size increases with body size. These territories overlap with those of <i>Stegastes</i> damselfish. Juvenile blue tangs are aggressive in territory defense. They try to avoid <i>stegastes</i>, and are rarely chased by these damselfish.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relationship_with_humans">Relationship with humans</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acanthurus_coeruleus&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Relationship with humans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While not under human threat, the Atlantic blue tang is caught for <a href="/wiki/Commercial_fishing" title="Commercial fishing">commercial fishing</a>, but maintains little importance to Caribbean industry. It is also used, though rarely, as bait. It is also common in the aquarium trade. <sup id="cite_ref-Florida_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Florida-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The fish is of low commercial value, giving off a pungent stench. <a href="/wiki/Ciguatera" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciguatera">Ciguatera</a> poisoning may occur if the flesh is consumed. The adult fish's caudal spine is sharp, and is only out when the fish experiences excitement of some form. These fins can cut very deep into human skin and have been known to result in infections, mainly characterized by <a href="/wiki/Swelling_(medical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Swelling (medical)">swelling</a> and discoloration. Pain from such infections can last for long periods of time, sometimes for hours. Some species of the genus <i>Acanthurus</i> are even thought to possess poison glands on their caudal spines.<sup id="cite_ref-Florida_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Florida-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acanthurus_coeruleus&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFChoat,_J.H.Myers,_R.Rocha,_L.A.Abesamis,_R.2012" class="citation journal cs1">Choat, J.H.; Myers, R.; Rocha, L.A.; Abesamis, R.; Clements, K.D.; et al. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/177953/1501275">"<i>Acanthurus coeruleus</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a></i>. <b>2012</b>: e.T177953A1501275. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T177953A1501275.en">10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T177953A1501275.en</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species&rft.atitle=Acanthurus+coeruleus&rft.volume=2012&rft.pages=e.T177953A1501275&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T177953A1501275.en&rft.au=Choat%2C+J.H.&rft.au=Myers%2C+R.&rft.au=Rocha%2C+L.A.&rft.au=Abesamis%2C+R.&rft.au=Clements%2C+K.D.&rft.au=McIlwain%2C+J.&rft.au=Nanola%2C+C.&rft.au=Russell%2C+B.&rft.au=Stockwell%2C+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fspecies%2F177953%2F1501275&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAcanthurus+coeruleus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FishBase-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FishBase_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FishBase_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FishBase_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FishBase_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFroesePauly" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Froese" title="Rainer Froese">Froese, Rainer</a>; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?genusname=Acanthurus&speciesname=coerulus">"<i>Acanthurus coerulus</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/FishBase" title="FishBase">FishBase</a></i>. 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"The social organization of adult blue tangs, <i>Acanthurus coeruleus</i>, on a fringing reef, Barbados, West Indies". <i>Environmental Biology of Fishes</i>. <b>71</b> (3): 261–273. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004EnvBF..71..261M">2004EnvBF..71..261M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10641-004-0299-0">10.1007/s10641-004-0299-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:43892109">43892109</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Biology+of+Fishes&rft.atitle=The+social+organization+of+adult+blue+tangs%2C+Acanthurus+coeruleus%2C+on+a+fringing+reef%2C+Barbados%2C+West+Indies&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=261-273&rft.date=2004-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A43892109%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10641-004-0299-0&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2004EnvBF..71..261M&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=Ingrid&rft.au=Donald+Kramer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAcanthurus+coeruleus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBellDonald_L._Kramer2000" class="citation journal cs1">Bell, Thomas; Donald L. Kramer (August 2000). "Territoriality and Habitat Use by Juvenile Blue Tangs, <i>Acanthurus coeruleus</i>". <i>Environmental Biology of Fishes</i>. <b>58</b> (4): 401–409. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000EnvBF..58..401B">2000EnvBF..58..401B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1023%2FA%3A1007653318174">10.1023/A:1007653318174</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:25041163">25041163</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Biology+of+Fishes&rft.atitle=Territoriality+and+Habitat+Use+by+Juvenile+Blue+Tangs%2C+Acanthurus+coeruleus&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=401-409&rft.date=2000-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A25041163%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1023%2FA%3A1007653318174&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2000EnvBF..58..401B&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.au=Donald+L.+Kramer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAcanthurus+coeruleus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Florida-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Florida_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Florida_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBester,_Cathleen" class="citation web cs1">Bester, Cathleen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Gallery/Descript/BlueTang/BlueTang.html">"Blue Tang"</a>. Florida Museum of Natural History. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090507093624/http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Gallery/Descript/BlueTang/BlueTang.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 May 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 17,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Blue+Tang&rft.pub=Florida+Museum+of+Natural+History&rft.au=Bester%2C+Cathleen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flmnh.ufl.edu%2Ffish%2FGallery%2FDescript%2FBlueTang%2FBlueTang.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAcanthurus+coeruleus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acanthurus_coeruleus&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Acanthurus_coeruleus" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Acanthurus coeruleus">Acanthurus coeruleus</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li>Humann, P. and N. Deloach. <i>Reef Fish Identification: Florida, Caribbean, Bahamas.</i> New World Publications Inc., Jacksonville. pp. 32–33.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acanthurus_coeruleus&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Photos of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sealifecollection.org/taxon/159581">Acanthurus coeruleus</a> on Sealife Collection</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Acanthurus coeruleus</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q882618" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q882618">Q882618</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Acanthurus_coeruleus" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Acanthurus coeruleus">Acanthurus coeruleus</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Animal_Diversity_Web" title="Animal Diversity Web">ADW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Acanthurus_coeruleus/">Acanthurus_coeruleus</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/ARKive" title="ARKive">ARKive</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.arkive.org/wd/acanthurus-coeruleus/">acanthurus-coeruleus</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=47282">47282</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/92MK">92MK</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/FishBase" title="FishBase">FishBase</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fishbase.ca/summary/944">944</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/5209188">5209188</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/121196">121196</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10154308">10154308</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=172254">172254</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apiv3.iucnredlist.org/api/v3/taxonredirect/177953">177953</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/NatureServe" title="NatureServe">NatureServe</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.103856/">2.103856</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=157585">157585</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Observation.org" title="Observation.org">Observation.org</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observation.org/species/210595/">210595</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ocean_Biodiversity_Information_System" title="Ocean Biodiversity Information System">OBIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://obis.org/taxon/159581">159581</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WoRMS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=159581">159581</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: 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