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[n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussió per aquest IP</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contingut" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contingut</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inici</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Història" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Història"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Història</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Història-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referències" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referències"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Referències</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referències-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vegeu_també" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vegeu_també"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Vegeu també</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vegeu_també-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contingut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Islamisme polític</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 75 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-75" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">75 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamismus" title="Islamismus - alemany suís" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Islamismus" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alemany suís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="إسلاموية - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إسلاموية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%89" title="الاسلام السياسى - àrab egipci" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الاسلام السياسى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="àrab egipci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamismu" title="Islamismu - asturià" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Islamismu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0slamizm" title="İslamizm - azerbaidjanès" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İslamizm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidjanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%DA%86%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%82" title="ایسلامچی‌لیق - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایسلامچی‌لیق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1" title="Исламсылыҡ - baixkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Исламсылыҡ" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baixkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Ісламізм - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ісламізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Ислямизъм - búlgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ислямизъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="ইসলামবাদ - bengalí" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইসলামবাদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamouriezh" title="Islamouriezh - bretó" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Islamouriezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamismo" title="Islamismo - cebuà" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Islamismo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="ئیسلامەتی - kurd central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئیسلامەتی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurd central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamismus" title="Islamismus - txec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Islamismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamiaeth" title="Islamiaeth - gal·lès" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Islamiaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gal·lès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamisme" title="Islamisme - danès" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Islamisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamismus" title="Islamismus - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Islamismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%99%CF%83%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%BC" title="Πολιτικό Ισλάμ - grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πολιτικό Ισλάμ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Islamism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamismo" title="Islamismo - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Islamismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamismo" title="Islamismo - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Islamismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism - estonià" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Islamism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamismo" title="Islamismo - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Islamismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%E2%80%8C%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="اسلام‌گرایی - persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اسلام‌گرایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamismi" title="Islamismi - finès" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Islamismi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamisme" title="Islamisme - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Islamisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamisme" title="Islamisme - frisó occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Islamisme" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisó occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioslamachas" title="Ioslamachas - irlandès" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ioslamachas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism - Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Islamism" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamismo" title="Islamismo - gallec" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Islamismo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="אסלאמיזם - hebreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אסלאמיזם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4" title="इस्लामियत - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="इस्लामियत" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamizam" title="Islamizam - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Islamizam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iszlamizmus" title="Iszlamizmus - hongarès" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Iszlamizmus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%BD%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%B4" title="Իսլամիզմ - armeni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իսլամիզմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamismo" title="Islamismo - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Islamismo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamisme" title="Islamisme - indonesi" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Islamisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dslamismi" title="Íslamismi - islandès" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Íslamismi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamismo" title="Islamismo - italià" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Islamismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B9%E3%83%A9%E3%83%A0%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="イスラム主義 - japonès" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イスラム主義" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ისლამიზმი - georgià" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ისლამიზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Исламизм - kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Исламизм" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%AC%EB%9E%8C%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="이슬람주의 - coreà" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이슬람주의" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Eslam%C3%AEzm" title="Îslamîzm - kurd" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Îslamîzm" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Исламизм - kirguís" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Исламизм" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamismus" title="Islamismus - llatí" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Islamismus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="llatí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism - llombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Islamism" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="llombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamizmas" title="Islamizmas - lituà" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Islamizmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isl%C4%81misms" title="Islāmisms - letó" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Islāmisms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamisma" title="Islamisma - malgaix" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Islamisma" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamisme" title="Islamisme - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Islamisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamisme" title="Islamisme - neerlandès" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Islamisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamisme" title="Islamisme - noruec nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Islamisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruec nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamisme" title="Islamisme - noruec bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Islamisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruec bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A4" title="ਇਸਲਾਮੀਅਤ - panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਇਸਲਾਮੀਅਤ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamizm" title="Islamizm - polonès" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Islamizm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%87" title="اسلامپالنه - paixtu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اسلامپالنه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paixtu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamismo_pol%C3%ADtico" title="Islamismo político - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Islamismo político" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism - romanès" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Islamism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Исламизм - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Исламизм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamizam" title="Islamizam - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Islamizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Islamism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamizmi" title="Islamizmi - albanès" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Islamizmi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Исламизам - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Исламизам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism - suec" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Islamism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamismo" title="Islamismo - tagal" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Islamismo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0slamc%C4%B1l%C4%B1k" title="İslamcılık - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İslamcılık" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Ісламізм - ucraïnès" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ісламізм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraïnès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="اسلامیت - urdú" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اسلامیت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islomchilik" title="Islomchilik - uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Islomchilik" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%A7_ngh%C4%A9a_H%E1%BB%93i_gi%C3%A1o" title="Chủ nghĩa Hồi giáo - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chủ nghĩa Hồi giáo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="伊斯兰主义 - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="伊斯兰主义" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="xinès wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="伊斯兰主义 - xinès" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伊斯兰主义" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xinès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam-ch%C3%BA-g%C4%AB" title="Islam-chú-gī - xinès min del sud" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Islam-chú-gī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="xinès min del sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="伊斯蘭主義 - cantonès" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="伊斯蘭主義" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q189746#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica enllaços interlingües" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica els enllaços</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espais de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Use_of_Sharia_by_country.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Use_of_Sharia_by_country.svg/330px-Use_of_Sharia_by_country.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Use_of_Sharia_by_country.svg/495px-Use_of_Sharia_by_country.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Use_of_Sharia_by_country.svg/660px-Use_of_Sharia_by_country.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="477" /></a><figcaption>L'aplicació de la <a href="/wiki/Xaria" title="Xaria">xaria</a> als països membres de l'<a href="/wiki/Organitzaci%C3%B3_de_la_Cooperaci%C3%B3_Isl%C3%A0mica" title="Organització de la Cooperació Islàmica">Organització de la Cooperació Islàmica</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r26476043">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#179C86; color:black;"> </span> Països on la xaria no afecta el sistema judicial.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r26476043"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#F6DD4F; color:black;"> </span> Països on la xaria s'aplica als afers d'estatus personal.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r26476043"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#706EA4; color:white;"> </span> Països on la xaria s'aplica integralment.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r26476043"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#FF9950; color:black;"> </span> Països on l'aplicació de la xaria varia segons la regió.</div> </figcaption></figure> <p>L'<b>islamisme polític</b> (<a href="/wiki/%C3%80rab" title="Àrab">àrab</a>: <span lang="ar" style="font-family: 'Iranian Sans', 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, 'Microsoft Sans Serif', 'Arial Unicode MS', sans-serif;direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">إسلام سياسي</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">islām siyāsī</span>, <abbr title="traducció literal">lit.</abbr><span title="Aquest text usa caràcters especials. Vegeu l'article “Caràcters especials”" class="Unicode" style="font-family:Code2001, Code2000, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Doulos SIL, Chrysanthi Unicode, Arial Unicode MS, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Gentium, GentiumAlt, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit; text-decoration:none!important"> </span>‘islam polític’) o simplement <b>islamisme</b> (<a href="/wiki/%C3%80rab" title="Àrab">àrab</a>: <span lang="ar" style="font-family: 'Iranian Sans', 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, 'Microsoft Sans Serif', 'Arial Unicode MS', sans-serif;direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">الاسلامية</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">al-islāmiyya</span>) és un conjunt heterogeni d'ideologies que mantenen que l'<a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islam</a> no és només una <a href="/wiki/Religi%C3%B3" title="Religió">religió</a> sinó també un sistema polític i que els musulmans moderns han de tornar a les arrels de la seva fe i unir-se políticament. Els pensadors islamistes fan èmfasi en el reforçament de la <a href="/wiki/Xaria" title="Xaria">xaria</a> (llei islàmica), la unitat <a href="/wiki/Panislamisme" title="Panislamisme">panislàmica</a> o el retorn del <a href="/wiki/Califat" title="Califat">califat</a>. L'islamisme és, però, un terme controvertit i la seva definició de vegades és variable. De fet es tracta més d'un concepte que d'un moviment unificat, i les visions religioses i les ideologies dels seus partidaris poden ser força variades. Poden incloure tant <a href="/wiki/Sunnites" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunnites">sunnites</a> com <a href="/wiki/Xi%C3%AFtes" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiïtes">xiïtes</a> i tenir tant comportaments proselitistes moderats com ser partidaris de la <i><a href="/wiki/Jihad" class="mw-redirect" title="Jihad">guerra santa</a></i>. Les figures centrals de l'islamisme polític inclouen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taqiudd%C3%ADn_an-Nabhan%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taqiuddín an-Nabhaní (encara no existeix)">Taqiuddín an-Nabhaní</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu-l-Al%C3%A0_Maudud%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu-l-Alà Maududí (encara no existeix)">Abu-l-Alà Maududí</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Qutb" title="Sayyid Qutb">Sayyid Qutb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hassan_al-Banna" title="Hassan al-Banna">Hassan al-Banna</a> o <a href="/wiki/Ruhol%C2%B7lah_Khomeini" title="Ruhol·lah Khomeini">Ruhol·lah Khomeini</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-KramerTerms_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KramerTerms-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Els moviments més coneguts comprenen els <a href="/wiki/Germans_Musulmans" title="Germans Musulmans">Germans Musulmans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ham%C3%A0s" title="Hamàs">Hamàs</a> i <a href="/wiki/Gihad_Isl%C3%A0mic_palest%C3%AD" title="Gihad Islàmic palestí">Gihad Islàmic</a>, el moviment <a href="/w/index.php?title=Deobandi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deobandi (encara no existeix)">Deobandi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jamaat-e-Islami" title="Jamaat-e-Islami">Jamaat-e-Islami</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamaat_al-Muslim%C3%ADn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jamaat al-Muslimín (encara no existeix)">Jamaat al-Muslimín</a> o <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaida" title="Al-Qaida">Al-Qaida</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Història"><span id="Hist.C3.B2ria"></span>Història</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamisme_pol%C3%ADtic&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la secció: Història"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'islamisme polític deriva essencialment del <a href="/wiki/Salafisme" title="Salafisme">salafisme</a>, tot i que no té gaire a veure amb el contingut original d'aquest moviment.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>El salafisme emergeix del renaixement de l'islam (<a href="/wiki/Nahda" title="Nahda">Nahda</a>) que impulsen, a finals del segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xix</span> i a començament del <a href="/wiki/Segle_XX" title="Segle XX">segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xx</span></a>, pensadors com <a href="/wiki/Jamal-ad-Din_al-Afghan%C3%AD" title="Jamal-ad-Din al-Afghaní">Jamal-ad-Din al-Afghaní</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muh%C3%A0mmad_%C3%80bduh" title="Muhàmmad Àbduh">Muhàmmad Àbduh</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachid_Rida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rachid Rida (encara no existeix)">Rachid Rida</a>. Aquests feien una crida per un retorn a les pràctiques de <a href="/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma">Mahoma</a> i a la primera generació de musulmans (<i>sàlaf</i>, en àrab, significa "avantpassat"). Segons ells, els musulmans havien permès que l'Occident monopolitzés els principis que pertanyien al veritable islam: d'aquí el seu retard i la seva feblesa. Segons ells, l'islam no només és espiritualitat, sinó que també abraça els camps social i polític.<sup id="cite_ref-ModeDiplo_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ModeDiplo-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Els islamistes polítics començaran a reivindicar aquestes idees. És el cas dels <a href="/wiki/Germans_Musulmans" title="Germans Musulmans">Germans Musulmans</a> <a href="/wiki/Egipcis" class="mw-redirect" title="Egipcis">egipcis</a>, nascuts el <a href="/wiki/1928" title="1928">1928</a> i influïts pels primers salafistes. Van esdevenir ràpidament un poderós moviment popular, social i polític que comptava amb centenars de milers de membres al llarg del <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B3n_%C3%A0rab" class="mw-redirect" title="Món àrab">món àrab</a>. El seu fundador, <a href="/wiki/Hassan_al-Banna" title="Hassan al-Banna">Hassan al-Banna</a>, no volia només que els musulmans tornessin a la verdadera fe: s'oposava vigorosament al <a href="/wiki/Colonialisme" title="Colonialisme">colonialisme</a> britànic i defensava la causa palestina. Els seus membres van participar en la <a href="/wiki/Guerra_araboisraeliana_del_1948" class="mw-redirect" title="Guerra araboisraeliana del 1948">guerra araboisraeliana del 1948</a> i van crear branques en països àrabs veïns: a <a href="/wiki/Estat_de_Palestina" title="Estat de Palestina">Palestina</a>, el Gihad Islàmic i Hamàs en són els hereus.<sup id="cite_ref-ModeDiplo_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ModeDiplo-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Els primers membres de les xarxes d'Al-Qaida també provenien de l'àrea d'influència salafista al <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%B2xim_Orient" class="mw-redirect" title="Pròxim Orient">Pròxim Orient</a> i a <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a>. Al capdavant hi havia homes que havien combatut amb les <a href="/wiki/Mujahidins" title="Mujahidins">mujahidins</a> <a href="/wiki/Afganesos" class="mw-redirect" title="Afganesos">afganesos</a> contra els <a href="/wiki/Sovi%C3%A8tics" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviètics">soviètics</a>: marcats pel seu rebuig de l'Occident, neguen qualsevol mena de complaença respecte a aquest últim en els règims on viuen.<sup id="cite_ref-ModeDiplo_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ModeDiplo-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Una altra font de l'islamisme polític és el moviment <a href="/wiki/Fonamentalista" class="mw-redirect" title="Fonamentalista">fonamentalista</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Deobandi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deobandi (encara no existeix)">Deobandi</a>, sorgit a l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dndia" title="Índia">Índia</a> britànica el <a href="/wiki/1886" title="1886">1886</a> i obertament antioccidental. És el moviment que va influir la ideologia dels <a href="/wiki/Talibans" class="mw-redirect" title="Talibans">talibans</a>, tot i que aquests van aplicar-la d'una manera restrictiva i simplificada. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies"></span>Referències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamisme_pol%C3%ADtic&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la secció: Referències"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist {{#if: | references-column-count references-column-count-{{{col}}}" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fuller, Graham E., <i>The Future of Political Islam</i>, Palgrave MacMillan, (2003), p.120</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KramerTerms-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-KramerTerms_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geocities.com/martinkramerorg/Terms.htm">Coming to Terms, Fundamentalists or Islamists? Martin Kramer</a> originally in <i>Middle East Quarterly</i> (Spring 2003), pp. 65-77.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><sup title="Cal donar format a aquesta referència." class="noprint"><span class="noprint" style="color:blue;"><i>[<a href="/wiki/VP:REF" class="mw-redirect" title="VP:REF">enllaç sense format</a>]</i></span></sup> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://lexicorient.com/e.o/islamism.htm">http://lexicorient.com/e.o/islamism.htm</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101101002222/http://lexicorient.com/e.o/islamism.htm">Arxivat</a> 2010-11-01 a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ModeDiplo-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ModeDiplo_4-0">4,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ModeDiplo_4-1">4,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ModeDiplo_4-2">4,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Wendy Kristianasen, <i>Què és el salafisme?</i> article a <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.monde-diplomatique.ad/pn/html/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=index&catid=&topic=50"><i>Le Monde Diplomatique</i></a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="" style="white-space: nowrap;"><i>[<a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Enlla%C3%A7os_externs#Manteniment_d'enllaços_externs" title="Viquipèdia:Enllaços externs">Enllaç no actiu</a>]</i></span></sup> (llicència <a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons">Creative Commons</a>)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vegeu_també"><span id="Vegeu_tamb.C3.A9"></span>Vegeu també</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamisme_pol%C3%ADtic&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la secció: Vegeu també"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33663753">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-center{clear:both;margin:auto}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right 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title="Àngels a l'islam">àngels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Textos_sagrats_de_l%27islam" title="Textos sagrats de l'islam">llibres revelats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Profetes_a_l%27islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Profetes a l'islam">profetes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Escatologia_isl%C3%A0mica" title="Escatologia islàmica">judici final</a>, <a href="/wiki/Predestinaci%C3%B3_en_l%27islam" title="Predestinació en l'islam">destí</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Pilars_de_l%27islam" title="Pilars de l'islam">Pilars de l'islam</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Xahada" title="Xahada">xahada</a></i> (declaració de fe), <i><a href="/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat">zakat</a></i> (impost alcorànic), <i><a href="/wiki/Preg%C3%A0ria_salat" title="Pregària salat">salat</a></i> (pregària canònica), <i><a href="/wiki/Sawm" title="Sawm">sawm</a></i> (dejuni del ramadà), <i><a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">hajj</a></i> (pelegrinatge) <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Gihad" title="Gihad">gihad</a> <span 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style="width:1%;background:#548B54;"><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Texts_i_lleis_isl%C3%A0miques" title="Categoria:Texts i lleis islàmiques"><span style="color: white;">Texts i lleis</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;background:#FAFAE4;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Alcor%C3%A0" title="Alcorà">Alcorà</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Hadit" title="Hadit">hadits</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sunna" title="Sunna">sunna</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Xaria" title="Xaria">xaria</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">jurisprudència</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Ijm%C3%A0" title="Ijmà">ijmà</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Qiy%C3%A0s" title="Qiyàs">qiyàs</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Taqlid" title="Taqlid">taqlid</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ijtihad" title="Ijtihad">ijtihad</a></i>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#548B54;"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A0dhhab" title="Màdhhab"><span style="color: white;">Escoles jurídiques</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;background:#FAFAD2;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Malikisme" title="Malikisme">malikita</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hanafisme" title="Hanafisme">hanafita</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xafiisme" title="Xafiisme">xafiïta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hanbalisme" title="Hanbalisme">hanbalita</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jafarisme" title="Jafarisme">jafarita</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#548B54;"><a href="/wiki/Corrents_de_l%27islam" title="Corrents de l'islam"><span style="color: white;">Corrents de l'islam</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;background:#FAFAE4;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Sunnisme" title="Sunnisme">sunnisme</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Xiisme" title="Xiisme">xiisme</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Kharigisme" title="Kharigisme">kharigisme</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sufisme" title="Sufisme">sufisme</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Ahmadia" title="Ahmadia">ahmadia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#548B54;"><a href="/wiki/Hist%C3%B2ria_de_la_civilitzaci%C3%B3_isl%C3%A0mica" title="Història de la civilització islàmica"><span style="color: white;">Història</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;background:#FAFAD2;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma">Muhàmmad</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <i><a href="/wiki/Sahaba" title="Sahaba">sahaba</a></i> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Bayt" title="Ahl al-Bayt">Ahl al-Bayt</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Primer_califat" title="Primer califat">primer califat</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Omeies" title="Omeies">omeies</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Califat_Abb%C3%A0ssida" title="Califat Abbàssida">abbàssides</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Califat_fatimita" class="mw-redirect" title="Califat fatimita">fatimites</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Imperi_Otom%C3%A0" title="Imperi Otomà">otomans</a> <br />(<a href="/wiki/Al-%C3%80ndalus" title="Al-Àndalus">Àndalus</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Imperi_Selj%C3%BAcida" title="Imperi Seljúcida">seljúcides</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_ai%C3%BAbida" title="Dinastia aiúbida">aiúbides</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Mamelucs" title="Mamelucs">mamelucs</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Il-kanat" class="mw-redirect" title="Il-kanat">Il-kanat</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Imperi_saf%C3%A0vida" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperi safàvida">safàvides</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Imperi_Mogol" title="Imperi Mogol">mogols</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#548B54;"><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Islam_sociopol%C3%ADtic" title="Categoria:Islam sociopolític"><span style="color: white;">Islam sociopolític</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;background:#FAFAE4;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Economia_a_l%27islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Economia a l'islam">economia a l'islam</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Estat_isl%C3%A0mic" title="Estat islàmic">estat islàmic</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Feminisme_isl%C3%A0mic" title="Feminisme islàmic">feminisme islàmic</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Gihadisme" title="Gihadisme">gihadisme</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Islam_i_secularisme" title="Islam i secularisme">islam i secularisme</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a class="mw-selflink selflink">islamisme polític</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Islam_liberal" title="Islam liberal">islam liberal</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B3n_isl%C3%A0mic" title="Món islàmic">món islàmic</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Panislamisme" title="Panislamisme">panislamisme</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Salafisme" title="Salafisme">salafisme</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Takfirisme" title="Takfirisme">takfirisme</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Wahhabisme" title="Wahhabisme">wahhabisme</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#548B54;"><span style="color: white;">Altres nocions</span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;background:#FAFAD2;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Umma_(islam)" title="Umma (islam)">Umma</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Pensament_isl%C3%A0mic" title="Pensament islàmic">pensament islàmic</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Kalam" title="Kalam">kalam</a></i>) (<i><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A0lsafa" title="Fàlsafa">fàlsafa</a></i>) <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Cultura_isl%C3%A0mica" title="Cultura islàmica">cultura</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Art_isl%C3%A0mic" title="Art islàmic">art</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Arquitectura_isl%C3%A0mica" title="Arquitectura islàmica">arquitectura</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Banderes_isl%C3%A0miques" title="Banderes islàmiques">banderes</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Literatura_%C3%A0rab" title="Literatura àrab">literatura</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Ci%C3%A8ncia_i_t%C3%A8cnica_de_l%27Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciència i tècnica de l'Islam">ciència</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Calendari_musulm%C3%A0" title="Calendari musulmà">calendari musulmà</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Categoria:T%C3%ADtols_isl%C3%A0mics" title="Categoria:Títols islàmics">títols islàmics</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Control_d%27autoritats" title="Control d'autoritats">Registres d'autoritat</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_Txeca" title="Biblioteca Nacional de la República Txeca">NKC</a> <span class="uid"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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