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cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Historie</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Oppdagelsen_av_hydrogen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oppdagelsen_av_hydrogen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Oppdagelsen av hydrogen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oppdagelsen_av_hydrogen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hydrogens_rolle_i_kvanteteoriens_historie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hydrogens_rolle_i_kvanteteoriens_historie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Hydrogens rolle i kvanteteoriens historie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hydrogens_rolle_i_kvanteteoriens_historie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hydrogen_varmer_opp_Jorden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hydrogen_varmer_opp_Jorden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Hydrogen varmer opp Jorden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hydrogen_varmer_opp_Jorden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Naturlige_forekomster" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naturlige_forekomster"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Naturlige forekomster</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naturlige_forekomster-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anvendelser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anvendelser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Anvendelser</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Anvendelser-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Anvendelser</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Anvendelser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Industrielle_anvendelser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industrielle_anvendelser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Industrielle anvendelser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industrielle_anvendelser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Energibærer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energibærer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Energibærer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energibærer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Andre_anvendelser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Andre_anvendelser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>Andre anvendelser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Andre_anvendelser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etymologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Etymologi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kjemiske_forbindelser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kjemiske_forbindelser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Kjemiske forbindelser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kjemiske_forbindelser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tilstandsformer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tilstandsformer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Tilstandsformer</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tilstandsformer-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Tilstandsformer</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tilstandsformer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gassform" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gassform"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Gassform</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gassform-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flytende_form" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flytende_form"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Flytende form</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flytende_form-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fast_form" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fast_form"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Fast form</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fast_form-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Teorier_om_fast_metallisk_hydrogen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teorier_om_fast_metallisk_hydrogen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3.1</span> <span>Teorier om fast metallisk hydrogen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teorier_om_fast_metallisk_hydrogen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ikke-metallisk_fast_hydrogen_i_ulike_faser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ikke-metallisk_fast_hydrogen_i_ulike_faser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3.2</span> <span>Ikke-metallisk fast hydrogen i ulike faser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ikke-metallisk_fast_hydrogen_i_ulike_faser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Isotoper" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isotoper"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Isotoper</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Isotoper-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Forsiktighetsregler" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forsiktighetsregler"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Forsiktighetsregler</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Forsiktighetsregler-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Produksjon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Produksjon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Produksjon</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Produksjon-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Produksjon</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Produksjon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dampreformering" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dampreformering"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Dampreformering</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dampreformering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Konvensjonell_dampreformering" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konvensjonell_dampreformering"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1.1</span> <span>Konvensjonell dampreformering</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Konvensjonell_dampreformering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dampreformering_med_CO2-fangst" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dampreformering_med_CO2-fangst"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1.2</span> <span>Dampreformering med CO<sub>2</sub>-fangst</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dampreformering_med_CO2-fangst-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elektrolyse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elektrolyse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Elektrolyse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elektrolyse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_også" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_også"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Se også</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_også-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referanser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referanser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Referanser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referanser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_lenker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_lenker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Eksterne lenker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_lenker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hydrogen</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 218 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-218" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">218 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen – norsk nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hydrogen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norsk nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brint" title="Brint – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Brint" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="lovende artikkel"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4te" title="Väte – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Väte" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen – færøysk" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Hydrogen" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="færøysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vetni" title="Vetni – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Vetni" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterstof" title="Waterstof – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Waterstof" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasserstoff" title="Wasserstoff – sveitsertysk" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Wasserstoff" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="sveitsertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%80%E1%8B%AD%E1%8B%B5%E1%88%AE%E1%8C%85%E1%8A%95" title="ሀይድሮጅን – amharisk" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሀይድሮጅን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vety" title="Vety – enaresamisk" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Vety" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="enaresamisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="हाइड्रोजन – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="हाइड्रोजन" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%A6tertimber" title="Wætertimber – gammelengelsk" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Wætertimber" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="gammelengelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86" title="هيدروجين – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هيدروجين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrocheno" title="Hidrocheno – aragonsk" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Hidrocheno" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Ջրածին – vestarmensk" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ջրածին" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="vestarmensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidroghenu" title="Hidroghenu – aromansk" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Hidroghenu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="উদজান – assamesisk" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="উদজান" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidr%C3%B3xenu" title="Hidróxenu – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Hidróxenu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatavev%C3%BDi" title="Tatavevýi – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tatavevýi" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hidrogen" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%98%D9%86" title="هیدروژن – søraserbajdsjansk" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هیدروژن" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="søraserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrog%C3%A9n" title="Hidrogén – balinesisk" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Hidrogén" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8" title="হাইড্রোজেন – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হাইড্রোজেন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%BAi-s%C3%B2%CD%98" title="Chúi-sò͘ – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chúi-sò͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Водород – basjkirsk" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Водород" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkirsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Вадарод – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вадарод" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Вадарод – belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вадарод" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="हाइड्रोजन – bihari" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="हाइड्रोजन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="bihari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idrohino" title="Idrohino – sentralbikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Idrohino" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="sentralbikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Водород – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Водород" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wassastoff" title="Wassastoff – bairisk" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Wassastoff" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bairisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%B3%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BC%8D" title="ཡང་རླུང་། – tibetansk" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཡང་རླུང་།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vodik" title="Vodik – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Vodik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen – bretonsk" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Hidrogen" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D2%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B3%D1%88%D1%8D" title="Уһантүрэгшэ – burjatisk" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Уһантүрэгшэ" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="burjatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hidrogen" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BC%C4%83%D1%88" title="Шывамăш – tsjuvasjisk" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Шывамăш" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tsjuvasjisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidroheno" title="Hidroheno – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Hidroheno" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vod%C3%ADk" title="Vodík – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vodík" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Hydrogen" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idrogenu" title="Idrogenu – korsikansk" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Idrogenu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsikansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Hydrogen" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86" title="هيدروجين – marokkansk-arabisk" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="هيدروجين" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="marokkansk-arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasserstoff" title="Wasserstoff – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wasserstoff" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%80%DE%A6%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%91%DE%B0%DE%83%DE%A6%DE%96%DE%A6%DE%82%DE%B0" title="ހައިޑްރަޖަން – divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ހައިޑްރަޖަން" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A1%C3%A1ji%CA%BCjin" title="Háájiʼjin – navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Háájiʼjin" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%B3%C5%BAik" title="Wóźik – lavsorbisk" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Wóźik" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="lavsorbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesinik" title="Vesinik – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vesinik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A5%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B3%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%BF" title="Υδρογόνο – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Υδρογόνο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idr%C3%B4gen" title="Idrôgen – emiliano-romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Idrôgen" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="emiliano-romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Hydrogen" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8C_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B9" title="Ведь чачтый – erzia" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Ведь чачтый" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidr%C3%B3geno" title="Hidrógeno – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hidrógeno" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrogeno" title="Hidrogeno – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hidrogeno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idr%C3%B3genu" title="Idrógenu – ekstremaduransk" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Idrógenu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="ekstremaduransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrogeno" title="Hidrogeno – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hidrogeno" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="anbefalt artikkel-merke"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%98%D9%86" title="هیدروژن – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هیدروژن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen – fijiansk hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Hydrogen" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="fijiansk hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrog%C3%A8ne" title="Hydrogène – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hydrogène" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetterstof" title="Wetterstof – vestfrisisk" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Wetterstof" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="vestfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idrogjen" title="Idrogjen – friuliansk" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Idrogjen" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friuliansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrigin" title="Hidrigin – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Hidrigin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiddragien" title="Hiddragien – mansk" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Hiddragien" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haidridean" title="Haidridean – skotsk-gælisk" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Haidridean" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skotsk-gælisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidr%C3%B3xeno" title="Hidróxeno – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Hidróxeno" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%AB" title="氫 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="氫" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen – kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Hydrogen" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B9%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%88%E0%AA%A1%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%A8" title="હાઈડ્રોજન – gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="હાઈડ્રોજન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khi%C3%A2ng" title="Khiâng – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Khiâng" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D2%97%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Гидроҗен – kalmukkisk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Гидроҗен" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmukkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%88%98%EC%86%8C" title="수소 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="수소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eawai" title="Eawai – hawaiisk" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Eawai" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaiisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Ջրածին – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջրածին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="हाइड्रोजन – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हाइड्रोजन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wod%C5%BAik" title="Wodźik – høysorbisk" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Wodźik" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="høysorbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vodik" title="Vodik – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Vodik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidro" title="Hidro – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Hidro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidroheno" title="Hidroheno – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Hidroheno" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hidrogen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogeno" title="Hydrogeno – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Hydrogeno" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Hidrogen" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Донгуыр – ossetisk" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Донгуыр" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IHwanzi" title="IHwanzi – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IHwanzi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idrogeno" title="Idrogeno – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Idrogeno" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%9F" title="מימן – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מימן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen – javanesisk" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Hidrogen" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C9%A9dr%C9%94z%C9%9Bn%C9%A9" title="Hɩdrɔzɛnɩ – kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Hɩdrɔzɛnɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%95" title="ಜಲಜನಕ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜಲಜನಕ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AC%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="წყალბადი – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="წყალბადი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8E%D9%86" title="ہایڈروجَن – kasjmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="ہایڈروجَن" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kasjmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%96" title="Сутегі – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сутегі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrojen" title="Hidrojen – kornisk" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Hidrojen" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrojeni" title="Hidrojeni – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Hidrojeni" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D0%B6%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Вачужысь – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Вачужысь" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idwoj%C3%A8n" title="Idwojèn – haitisk" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Idwojèn" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idroj%C3%A8n" title="Idrojèn – franskguyansk kreol" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Idrojèn" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="franskguyansk kreol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%AEdrojen" title="Hîdrojen – kurdisk" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Hîdrojen" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Суутек – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Суутек" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Водород – vestmarisk" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Водород" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="vestmarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idrogen" title="Idrogen – ladinsk" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Idrogen" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="ladinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%AE%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A3%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%99" title="ໄຮໂດຣເຈນ – laotisk" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ໄຮໂດຣເຈນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laotisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogenium" title="Hydrogenium – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Hydrogenium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%AAde%C5%86radis" title="Ūdeņradis – latvisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ūdeņradis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waasserstoff" title="Waasserstoff – luxemburgsk" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Waasserstoff" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Водород – lesgisk" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Водород" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lesgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vandenilis" title="Vandenilis – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vandenilis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idrogeno" title="Idrogeno – ligurisk" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Idrogeno" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligurisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterstof" title="Waterstof – limburgsk" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Waterstof" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idroj%C9%9B%CC%81n%C3%AD" title="Idrojɛ́ní – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Idrojɛ́ní" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idrojen" title="Idrojen – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Idrojen" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vezisuadu" title="Vezisuadu – livvisk" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Vezisuadu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="livvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/cidro" title="cidro – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="cidro" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idrogen" title="Idrogen – lombardisk" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Idrogen" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrog%C3%A9n" title="Hidrogén – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hidrogén" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Водород – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Водород" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidir%C3%B4zenina" title="Hidirôzenina – gassisk" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Hidirôzenina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="gassisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%BB" title="ഹൈഡ്രജൻ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹൈഡ്രജൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idro%C4%A1enu" title="Idroġenu – maltesisk" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Idroġenu" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hauwai_(p%C5%ABmotu)" title="Hauwai (pūmotu) – maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Hauwai (pūmotu)" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="हायड्रोजन – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हायड्रोजन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AC%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="წყარბადი – mingrelsk" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="წყარბადი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86" title="هايدروجين – egyptisk arabisk" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هايدروجين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hidrogen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%8D%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%96%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯟ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%ADng" title="Kĭng – mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Kĭng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heidrog%C3%A9nio" title="Heidrogénio – mirandesisk" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Heidrogénio" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%84%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Ведьшачфты – moksja" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Ведьшачфты" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%81%D1%82%D3%A9%D1%80%D3%A9%D0%B3%D1%87" title="Устөрөгч – mongolsk" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Устөрөгч" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9F%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="ဟိုက်ဒရိုဂျင် – burmesisk" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဟိုက်ဒရိုဂျင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayocoxqui" title="Ayocoxqui – nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Ayocoxqui" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen – fijiansk" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Hydrogen" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fijiansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterstof_(element)" title="Waterstof (element) – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Waterstof (element)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waeterstof" title="Waeterstof – nedersaksisk" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Waeterstof" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="nedersaksisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="हाइड्रोजन – nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="हाइड्रोजन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="हाइद्रोजन – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="हाइद्रोजन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="anbefalt artikkel-merke"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E7%B4%A0" title="水素 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="水素" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Хилург – tsjetsjensk" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Хилург" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tsjetsjensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weederstoof" title="Weederstoof – nordfrisisk" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Weederstoof" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nordfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiidrojen" title="Hiidrojen – pitkairnsk" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Hiidrojen" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="pitkairnsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrogene" title="Hidrogene – novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Hidrogene" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idrog%C3%A8n" title="Idrogèn – oksitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Idrogèn" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D3%B1%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B6" title="Вӱдеж – østmarisk" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Вӱдеж" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="østmarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%89%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8" title="ଉଦ୍‌ଜାନ – odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଉଦ୍‌ଜାନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haayidroojiinii" title="Haayidroojiinii – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Haayidroojiinii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vodorod" title="Vodorod – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Vodorod" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%A8" title="ਹਾਈਡਰੋਜਨ – panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹਾਈਡਰੋਜਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="हाइड्रोजन – pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="हाइड्रोजन" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasserstoff" title="Wasserstoff – palatintysk" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Wasserstoff" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="palatintysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%86" title="ہائیڈروجن – vestpunjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہائیڈروجن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="vestpunjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9F%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B2%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%85%E1%80%B2%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="ဟုဲက်ဒရိုစဲန် – pa'o" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ဟုဲက်ဒရိုစဲန်" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="pa'o" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidr%C3%B3geno" title="Hidrógeno – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Hidrógeno" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%8A%DA%89%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%86" title="هايډروجن – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="هايډروجن" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aijrojin" title="Aijrojin – jamaicansk kreolengelsk" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Aijrojin" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="jamaicansk kreolengelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B2%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Ваувтыр – komipermjakisk" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Ваувтыр" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="komipermjakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%93" title="អ៊ីដ្រូសែន – khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="អ៊ីដ្រូសែន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idr%C3%B2gen" title="Idrògen – piemontesisk" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Idrògen" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterstoff" title="Waterstoff – nedertysk" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Waterstoff" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="nedertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wod%C3%B3r" title="Wodór – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wodór" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A5%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B3%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BD" title="Υδρογόνον – pontisk" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Υδρογόνον" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="pontisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrog%C3%A9nio" title="Hidrogénio – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hidrogénio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vodorod" title="Vodorod – karakalpakisk" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Vodorod" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gidrogen" title="Gidrogen – krimtatarisk" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Gidrogen" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="krimtatarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasserstoff" title="Wasserstoff – kølnsk" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Wasserstoff" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="kølnsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Hidrogen" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakuchaq" title="Yakuchaq – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Yakuchaq" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D2%91%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Гідроґен – rusinsk" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Гідроґен" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Водород – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Водород" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Уулук – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Уулук" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="उदजन – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="उदजन" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱳᱡᱟᱱ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱳᱡᱟᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%86" title="ہائیڈروجن – saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="ہائیڈروجن" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idrogenu" title="Idrogenu – sardisk" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Idrogenu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen – skotsk" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Hydrogen" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woaterstof" title="Woaterstof – saterfrisisk" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Woaterstof" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrogjeni" title="Hidrogjeni – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Hidrogjeni" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idr%C3%B2gginu" title="Idrògginu – siciliansk" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Idrògginu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%84%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A" title="හයිඩ්‍රජන් – singalesisk" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="හයිඩ්‍රජන්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hydrogen" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%A6%DA%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%86" title="ھائڊروجن – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ھائڊروجن" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vod%C3%ADk" title="Vodík – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vodík" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vodik" title="Vodik – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vodik" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8A" title="Водородъ – kirkeslavisk" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Водородъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="kirkeslavisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wod%C5%8Dr" title="Wodōr – schlesisk" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Wodōr" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="schlesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haaydarojiin" title="Haaydarojiin – somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Haaydarojiin" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%86%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ھایدرۆجین – sentralkurdisk" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھایدرۆجین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sentralkurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Водоник – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Водоник" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vodik" title="Vodik – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Vodik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrog%C3%A9n" title="Hidrogén – sundanesisk" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Hidrogén" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vety" title="Vety – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vety" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idrohino" title="Idrohino – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Idrohino" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%90%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="ஐதரசன் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஐதரசன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahidrujin" title="Ahidrujin – tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Ahidrujin" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hid%E1%B9%9Bujin" title="Hidṛujin – kabylsk" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Hidṛujin" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabylsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Водород – tatarisk" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Водород" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="హైడ్రోజన్ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="హైడ్రోజన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%99" title="ไฮโดรเจน – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไฮโดรเจน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Ҳидроген – tadsjikisk" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҳидроген" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadsjikisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrojen" title="Hidrojen – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hidrojen" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Водород – tuvinsk" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Водород" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuvinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Водень – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Водень" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%86" title="ہائیڈروجن – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہائیڈروجن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%D9%89%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%AF%DB%90%D9%86" title="ھىدروگېن – uigurisk" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ھىدروگېن" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigurisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idr%C3%B2geno" title="Idrògeno – venetiansk" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Idrògeno" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetiansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vezinik" title="Vezinik – vepsisk" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Vezinik" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepsisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydro" title="Hydro – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hydro" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrin" title="Hidrin – volapyk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Hidrin" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idrodjinne" title="Idrodjinne – vallonsk" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Idrodjinne" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%AB" title="氫 – klassisk kinesisk" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="氫" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="klassisk kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woaterstof" title="Woaterstof – vestflamsk" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Woaterstof" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="vestflamsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidroheno" title="Hidroheno – waray-waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Hidroheno" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray-waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%A2" title="氢 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="氢" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%92%D7%A2%D7%9F" title="הידראגען – jiddisk" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="הידראגען" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen – joruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Hydrogen" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="joruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%AB" title="氫 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="氫" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrocen" title="Hidrocen – dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Hidrocen" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ond%C4%97nilis" title="Ondėnilis – samogitisk" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Ondėnilis" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%A2" title="氢 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="氢" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Hidrogen" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%80%E2%B5%89%E2%B4%B7%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%8A%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%8F" title="ⴰⵀⵉⴷⵔⵓⵊⵉⵏ – standard marrokansk tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⵀⵉⴷⵔⵓⵊⵉⵏ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="standard marrokansk tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q556#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Rediger lenker til artikkelen på andre språk" class="wbc-editpage">Rediger lenker</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Vis innholdssiden [c]" 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th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.biografi tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.transport tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bygning tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.infrastruktur tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bred tr.overskrift td{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.ekstrabred tr.overskrift td{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bordered tr.rad th{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bordered tr.rad td{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc}</style><table class="infobox infoboks bred biografi"><tbody><tr class="hode overskrift"><th colspan="4">Hydrogen</th></tr><tr class="rad"><td colspan="4" class="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:H-TableImage.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/H-TableImage.svg/300px-H-TableImage.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/H-TableImage.svg/450px-H-TableImage.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/H-TableImage.svg/600px-H-TableImage.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="673" data-file-height="203" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="overskrift"><td colspan="4" class="center">Basisdata</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Navn</th><td colspan="2">Hydrogen</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Symbol</th><td colspan="2">H</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Atomnummer" title="Atomnummer">Atomnummer</a></th><td colspan="2">1</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Utseende</th><td colspan="2">fargeløs <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fil:H,1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/H%2C1.jpg/190px-H%2C1.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/H%2C1.jpg/285px-H%2C1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/H%2C1.jpg/380px-H%2C1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="327" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="overskrift"><td colspan="4" class="center">Plass i <a href="/wiki/Periodesystemet" title="Periodesystemet">periodesystemet</a></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Periodesystemets_grupper" title="Periodesystemets grupper">Gruppe</a></th><td colspan="2">1</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Periodesystemets_perioder" title="Periodesystemets perioder">Periode</a></th><td colspan="2">1</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Blokk</th><td colspan="2">s</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kjemisk_serie" title="Kjemisk serie">Kjemisk serie</a></th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ikke-metall" title="Ikke-metall">ikke-metall</a></td></tr><tr class="overskrift"><td colspan="4" class="center">Atomegenskaper</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Atommasse" title="Atommasse">Atomvekt</a></th><td colspan="2">1,00794 <a href="/wiki/Atommasseenhet" title="Atommasseenhet">u</a></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Empirisk <a href="/wiki/Atomradius" title="Atomradius">atomradius</a></th><td colspan="2">25 <a href="/wiki/Picometer" title="Picometer">pm</a></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Kalkulert <a href="/wiki/Atomradius" title="Atomradius">atomradius</a></th><td colspan="2">53 pm</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Kovalent atomradius</th><td colspan="2">37 pm</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Elektronkonfigurasjon" title="Elektronkonfigurasjon">Elektronkonfigurasjon</a></th><td colspan="2">1s<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">Elektroner</a> per energinivå</th><td colspan="2">1</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Oksidasjonstilstand" class="mw-redirect" title="Oksidasjonstilstand">Oksidasjonstilstander</a></th><td colspan="2">1</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Krystallstruktur" title="Krystallstruktur">Krystallstruktur</a></th><td colspan="2">heksagonal</td></tr><tr class="overskrift"><td colspan="4" class="center">Fysiske egenskaper</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Stofftilstand" class="mw-redirect" title="Stofftilstand">Stofftilstand</a></th><td colspan="2">gass</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Smeltepunkt" title="Smeltepunkt">Smeltepunkt</a></th><td colspan="2">-259,14 °<a href="/wiki/Celsiusskalaen" class="mw-redirect" title="Celsiusskalaen">C</a></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kokepunkt" title="Kokepunkt">Kokepunkt</a></th><td colspan="2">-252,87 °C</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Molart_volum" title="Molart volum">Molart volum</a></th><td colspan="2">1,142•10<sup>-5</sup> m³/mol</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Tetthet" title="Tetthet">Tetthet</a></th><td colspan="2">0,0899 <a href="/wiki/Kilogram" title="Kilogram">kg</a>/m³</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Hardhet_(materialvitenskap)" title="Hardhet (materialvitenskap)">Hardhet</a></th><td colspan="2">MV</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kritisk_temperatur" title="Kritisk temperatur">Kritisk temperatur</a></th><td colspan="2">-241,15 °C</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kritisk_trykk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kritisk trykk (ikke skrevet ennå)">Kritisk trykk</a></th><td colspan="2">13,15 bar</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kritisk_tetthet_(kjemi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kritisk tetthet (kjemi) (ikke skrevet ennå)">Kritisk tetthet</a></th><td colspan="2">30,12 g/L</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Fordampningsvarme" title="Fordampningsvarme">Fordampningsvarme</a></th><td colspan="2">0,44936 kJ/<a href="/wiki/Mol_(enhet)" title="Mol (enhet)">mol</a></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Smeltevarme" title="Smeltevarme">Smeltevarme</a></th><td colspan="2">0,05868 kJ/mol</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Damptrykk" title="Damptrykk">Damptrykk</a></th><td colspan="2">209 <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(enhet)" title="Pascal (enhet)">Pa</a> ved 23 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Lydfart" class="mw-redirect" title="Lydfart">Lydfart</a></th><td colspan="2">1 270 m/s ved 298,15 K</td></tr><tr class="overskrift"><td colspan="4" class="center">Diverse</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Elektronegativitet" title="Elektronegativitet">Elektronegativitet</a> etter Pauling-skalaen</th><td colspan="2">2,2</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Spesifikk_varmekapasitet" title="Spesifikk varmekapasitet">Spesifikk varmekapasitet</a></th><td colspan="2">14 304 <a href="/wiki/Joule" title="Joule">J</a>/(kg•K)</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Elektrisk_ledningsevne" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektrisk ledningsevne">Elektrisk ledningsevne</a></th><td colspan="2">0 <a href="/wiki/Siemens_(enhet)" title="Siemens (enhet)">S</a>/m</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Termisk_konduktivitet" title="Termisk konduktivitet">Termisk konduktivitet</a></th><td colspan="2">0,1815 <a href="/wiki/Watt" title="Watt">W</a>/(m•K)</td></tr><tr class="rad"><td colspan="4"><hr /><div class="sentrert"><small><a href="/wiki/SI-systemet" title="SI-systemet">SI</a>-enheter & <a href="/wiki/Standard_trykk_og_temperatur" title="Standard trykk og temperatur">STP</a> er brukt, hvis ikke annet er nevnt. MV = Manglende verdi.</small></div></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Hydrogen</b>, tidligere kalt <b>vannstoff</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> er et <a href="/wiki/Grunnstoff" title="Grunnstoff">grunnstoff</a> med kjemisk symbol <b>H</b> og <a href="/wiki/Atomnummer" title="Atomnummer">atomnummer</a> 1. Ved <a href="/wiki/Standard_trykk_og_temperatur" title="Standard trykk og temperatur">standard temperatur og trykk</a> er den en fargeløs, luktfri, <a href="/wiki/Ikke-metall" title="Ikke-metall">ikke-metallisk</a>, enverdig, særdeles brennbar <a href="/wiki/Toatomig" class="mw-redirect" title="Toatomig">to-atomig</a> <a href="/wiki/Gass" title="Gass">gass</a> (H<sub>2</sub>). Med en <a href="/wiki/Molar_masse" title="Molar masse">molar masse</a> på bare 1,00794 g/<a href="/wiki/Mol_(enhet)" title="Mol (enhet)">mol</a>, er hydrogen det letteste grunnstoffet av alle og <a href="/wiki/Hydrogenatom" title="Hydrogenatom">hydrogenatomet</a> det enkleste <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atomet</a>. </p><p>Hydrogen er det vanligste grunnstoffet i <a href="/wiki/Universet" title="Universet">universet</a>, med en andel på anslagsvis 75 % av universets totale masse. <a href="/wiki/Stjerne" title="Stjerne">Stjerner</a> i <a href="/wiki/Hovedserien_(astronomi)" title="Hovedserien (astronomi)">hovedserien</a> består hovedsakelig av hydrogen i <a href="/wiki/Plasma_(fysikk)" title="Plasma (fysikk)">plasmaform</a>. Rent hydrogen er relativt sjeldent i naturlig tilstand på <a href="/wiki/Jorden" title="Jorden">Jorden</a>. Hydrogen for kommersiell bruk blir vanligvis framstilt fra <a href="/wiki/Hydrokarbon" title="Hydrokarbon">hydrokarboner</a> som <a href="/wiki/Metan" title="Metan">metan</a>. Hydrogen i ren tilstand brukes i <a href="/wiki/Ammoniakk" title="Ammoniakk">ammoniakk</a>-produksjon, til foredling av <a href="/wiki/Fossilt_brensel" title="Fossilt brensel">fossilt brensel</a> (som f.eks <a href="/wiki/Krakking" title="Krakking">krakking</a>), og som drivstoff i <a href="/wiki/Brenselcelle" title="Brenselcelle">brenselceller</a>. Hydrogen kan også framstilles ved <a href="/wiki/Elektrolyse" title="Elektrolyse">elektrolyse</a> av <a href="/wiki/Vann" title="Vann">vann</a>, men man benytter i dag primært <a href="/wiki/Naturgass" title="Naturgass">naturgass</a> fordi dette siden 1960-tallet har vært billigere. </p><p>Den vanligste <a href="/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop">isotopen</a> i hydrogen i naturlige forekomster, protium, består av ett enkelt <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">proton</a> og ingen <a href="/wiki/N%C3%B8ytron" title="Nøytron">nøytroner</a>. I ioniske forbindelser kan det være enten positivt ladd (som <a href="/wiki/Kation" title="Kation">kation</a> bestående av et enkelt proton) eller negativt ladd (som <a href="/wiki/Anion" title="Anion">anion</a>, kjent som et hydrid). Hydrogen kan danne <a href="/wiki/Kjemisk_forbindelse" title="Kjemisk forbindelse">kjemiske forbindelser</a> med de fleste andre grunnstoffene, og det finnes i vann og i de fleste <a href="/wiki/Organisk_forbindelse" title="Organisk forbindelse">organiske forbindelser</a>. Hydrogen spiller en spesielt viktig rolle i syre-base-kjemi, som i mange tilfeller involverer bytte av protoner mellom løselige molekyler. Som eneste nøytrale <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atom</a>, og på grunn av sin relativt enkle oppbygning, har hydrogen spilt en nøkkelrolle i utviklingen av <a href="/wiki/Kvantemekanikk" title="Kvantemekanikk">kvantemekanikk</a>. </p><p>Hydrogen er en energibærer. Det betyr at hydrogen ikke er en direkte energikilde, slik som sollys og vindenergi, men at det er en bærer av energi, som vi kan utnytte når det passer oss.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gemi2023_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gemi2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kjemiske_og_fysiske_egenskaper">Kjemiske og fysiske egenskaper</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Kjemiske og fysiske egenskaper" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Kjemiske og fysiske egenskaper"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Electron_shell_001_Hydrogen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Electron_shell_001_Hydrogen.svg/250px-Electron_shell_001_Hydrogen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Electron_shell_001_Hydrogen.svg/375px-Electron_shell_001_Hydrogen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Electron_shell_001_Hydrogen.svg/500px-Electron_shell_001_Hydrogen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="860" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hydrogenatom" title="Hydrogenatom">Hydrogenatomet</a> inneholder bare et elektron i en 1s-bane i sitt <a href="/wiki/Elektronskall" title="Elektronskall">elektronskall</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Hydrogen er det letteste grunnstoffet, og den vanligste <a href="/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop">isotopen</a> består av kun ett <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">proton</a> og ett <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektron</a>. Under <a href="/wiki/Standard_trykk_og_temperatur" title="Standard trykk og temperatur">STP</a> danner hydrogen en to-atomig gass, H<sub>2</sub>, med et kokepunkt på bare 20,27 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> og et smeltepunkt på 14,02 K. Under ekstremt høyt trykk, som finnes i sentrum av <a href="/wiki/Gasskjempe" title="Gasskjempe">gasskjemper</a>, går hydrogen over til å bli et flytende <a href="/wiki/Metall" title="Metall">metall</a> (se <a href="/wiki/Metallisk_hydrogen" title="Metallisk hydrogen">metallisk hydrogen</a>). Under det ekstremt lave trykket man finner i <a href="/wiki/Universet" title="Universet">verdensrommet</a>, har hydrogen en tendens til å eksistere som enkeltatomer siden det rett og slett ikke er mulig for dem å gå sammen. </p><p>Dette grunnstoffet spiller en viktig rolle ved å tilføre universet energi gjennom proton-proton-reaksjon og karbon-nitrogen-syklusen. (Dette er <a href="/wiki/Kjernefysikk" title="Kjernefysikk">kjernefusjon</a>-prosesser som avgir enorme mengder energi ved å kombinere to hydrogenkjerner til én <a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">heliumkjerne</a>.) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Forbrenning">Forbrenning</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Forbrenning" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Forbrenning"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hydrogengass er svært brennbar, og vil kunne brenne med så lave konsentrasjoner som 4 % H<sub>2</sub> i luft. Forbrenning av hydrogen vil avgi 286 <a href="/wiki/Joule" title="Joule">kJ</a>/<a href="/wiki/Mol_(enhet)" title="Mol (enhet)">mol</a>. Hydrogen forbrenner etter følgende <a href="/wiki/Ligning_(kjemi)" title="Ligning (kjemi)">reaksjonsligning</a>: </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd>2 H<sub>2</sub>(g) + O<sub>2</sub>(g) → 2 H<sub>2</sub>O(l) + 572 kJ/mol</dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>Når hydrogen blandes med <a href="/wiki/Oksygen" title="Oksygen">oksygen</a>, vil blandingen eksplodere ved antenningen i et stor spekter av blandingsforhold. Hydrogen brenner aggressivt i <a href="/wiki/Luft" title="Luft">luft</a>. Rene hydrogen-oksygenflammer er nærmest usynlig for det blotte øye. Dette gjør at det er vanskelig å oppdage visuelt at en hydrogenlekkasje brenner. En annen karakteristikk med hydrogenflammer er at de stiger raskt opp med gassene i lufta, noe som gjør at skadomfanget av en hydrogenbrann som regel vil være mindre enn for branner i f.eks <a href="/wiki/Hydrokarbon" title="Hydrokarbon">hydrokarboner</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Emissions_Spectra.webm/250px--Emissions_Spectra.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="250" height="141" data-durationhint="290" data-mwtitle="Emissions_Spectra.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/Fil:Emissions_Spectra.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/Emissions_Spectra.webm/Emissions_Spectra.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/Emissions_Spectra.webm/Emissions_Spectra.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/Emissions_Spectra.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/Emissions_Spectra.webm/Emissions_Spectra.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/Emissions_Spectra.webm/Emissions_Spectra.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/Emissions_Spectra.webm/Emissions_Spectra.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/Emissions_Spectra.webm/Emissions_Spectra.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AEmissions_Spectra.webm&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video></span><figcaption>Hydrogenspektrum-test</figcaption></figure> <p>Hydrogens <a href="/wiki/Tenntemperatur" title="Tenntemperatur">tenntemperatur</a> er ca. 500 °<a href="/wiki/Celsiusskalaen" class="mw-redirect" title="Celsiusskalaen">C</a>, og teoretisk <a href="/wiki/Flammepunkt" title="Flammepunkt">flammepunkt</a> er –253 °C. Flammepunktet er teoretisk fordi det ved denne temperaturen ikke finnes oksiderende materiale (oksygen) som er nødvendig for forbrenning. </p><p>H<sub>2</sub> reagerer også direkte med andre oksiderende grunnstoffer. En spontanreaksjon kan oppstå i romtemperatur med <a href="/wiki/Klor" title="Klor">klor</a> og <a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor">fluor</a>, noe som vil danne <a href="/wiki/Hydrogenhalid" title="Hydrogenhalid">hydrogenhalidene</a> <a href="/wiki/Saltsyre" title="Saltsyre">hydrogenklorid</a> og <a href="/wiki/Flussyre" title="Flussyre">hydrogenflurid</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Chemical_Abstracts_Service" title="Chemical Abstracts Service">CAS</a>-nummer: 1333-74-0 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historie">Historie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Historie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Historie"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oppdagelsen_av_hydrogen">Oppdagelsen av hydrogen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: Oppdagelsen av hydrogen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Oppdagelsen av hydrogen"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hydrogengass (H<sub>2</sub>) ble første gang kunstig framstilt og beskrevet av Phillip von Hohenheim (også kjent som <a href="/wiki/Paracelsus" title="Paracelsus">Paracelsus</a>, 1493–1541). Hydrogenet ble den gang framstilt ved å blande <a href="/wiki/Metall" title="Metall">metaller</a> med sterke syrer. Han var imidlertid ikke klar over at den brennbare <a href="/wiki/Gass" title="Gass">gassen</a> som ble framstilt gjennom den <a href="/wiki/Kjemisk_reaksjon" title="Kjemisk reaksjon">kjemiske reaksjonen</a> som etterfulgte, var et nytt <a href="/wiki/Grunnstoff" title="Grunnstoff">grunnstoff</a>. </p><p>I 1671 gjenoppdaget og beskrev <a href="/wiki/Robert_Boyle" title="Robert Boyle">Robert Boyle</a> den kjemiske reaksjonen som oppstår ved blanding av jernspon i fortynnede syrer, som resulterte i hydrogengass. </p><p>I 1766 ble <a href="/wiki/Henry_Cavendish" title="Henry Cavendish">Henry Cavendish</a> den første til å oppdage hydrogen som et eget særskilt substans, ved å identifisere gassen fra metall-syre-reaksjonen som «ikkebrennbar luft». Han fant videre ut at gassen produserte <a href="/wiki/Vann" title="Vann">vann</a> ved <a href="/wiki/Forbrenning" title="Forbrenning">forbrenning</a>. Cavendish støtte på hydrogen da han gjorde eksperimenter med <a href="/wiki/Syre" title="Syre">syrer</a> og <a href="/wiki/Kvikks%C3%B8lv" title="Kvikksølv">kvikksølv</a>. Selv om han feilaktig antok at hydrogenet som oppstod, var en frigjort del av kvikksølvet (og ikke til en del av syren), var han fortsatt i stand til å gi en nøyaktig beskrivelse av flere av hydrogens nøkkelegenskaper. Det er vanligvis <a href="/wiki/Henry_Cavendish" title="Henry Cavendish">Henry Cavendish</a> som blir kreditert for oppdagelsen av hydrogen. </p><p>I 1783 gav <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Lavoisier" title="Antoine Lavoisier">Antoine Lavoisier</a> det nye grunnstoffet navnet hydrogen, da han sammen med <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Simon_Laplace" title="Pierre-Simon Laplace">Laplace</a> hadde gjentatt Cavendishs oppdagelse av at hydrogen produserer vann ved forbrenning. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hydrogens_rolle_i_kvanteteoriens_historie">Hydrogens rolle i kvanteteoriens historie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Rediger avsnitt: Hydrogens rolle i kvanteteoriens historie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Hydrogens rolle i kvanteteoriens historie"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>På grunn av hydrogens forholdsvis enkle atomstruktur, bestående av et <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">proton</a> og et <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektron</a>, har <a href="/wiki/Hydrogenatom" title="Hydrogenatom">hydrogenatomet</a>, sammen med det spekter av lys produsert eller absorbert av det, vært sentralt i utformingen av teorien om atomets struktur. Videre har den tilsvarende enkle oppbygningen av hydrogenmolekylet og det tilhørende <a href="/wiki/Kation" title="Kation">kationet</a> H<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup> tillatt en mere komplett forståelse av naturen bak <a href="/wiki/Kjemiske_bindinger" class="mw-redirect" title="Kjemiske bindinger">kjemiske bindinger</a>, som fulgte kort tid etter utviklingen av <a href="/wiki/Kvantemekanikk" title="Kvantemekanikk">kvantemekanisk behandling</a> hydrogenatomet på 1920-tallet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hydrogen_varmer_opp_Jorden">Hydrogen varmer opp Jorden</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Rediger avsnitt: Hydrogen varmer opp Jorden" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Hydrogen varmer opp Jorden"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Solens energiproduksjon er et resultat av <a href="/wiki/Kjernefysisk_fusjon" title="Kjernefysisk fusjon">kjernefysisk fusjon</a> av hydrogen. Hvert sekund fusjoneres fire millioner tonn hydrogen på <a href="/wiki/Solen" title="Solen">solen</a> og omdannes til <a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">helium</a> og <a href="/wiki/Energi" title="Energi">energi</a>. Energimengden som hvert sekund mottas av <a href="/wiki/Jorden" title="Jorden">Jorden</a>, er produsert ved fusjonering av bare to kilo hydrogen. Utregningen er slik: Hver kvadratmeter av Jordens <a href="/wiki/Atmosf%C3%A6re" title="Atmosfære">atmosfære</a> tar imot ca. 1 000 <a href="/wiki/Watt" title="Watt">Watt</a> solstråling. Utvides dette til å dekke hele planeten, er total mengde lysenergi som varmer opp Jorden, ca. 150 000 billioner Watt. Bruker man <a href="/wiki/Masseenergiloven" title="Masseenergiloven">masseenergiloven</a> <span class="nowrap"><i>m = E</i>/<i>c</i><sup>2</sup></span>, erstatter <i>E</i> med 150 000 billioner Watt og <i>c</i> med <a href="/wiki/Lyshastighet" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyshastighet">lyshastigheten</a> 300 000 km/s, er resultatet ca. 0,5 kg/s.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Naturlige_forekomster">Naturlige forekomster</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Rediger avsnitt: Naturlige forekomster" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen&action=edit&section=7" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Naturlige forekomster"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Nursery_of_New_Stars_-_GPN-2000-000972.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Nursery_of_New_Stars_-_GPN-2000-000972.jpg/250px-Nursery_of_New_Stars_-_GPN-2000-000972.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Nursery_of_New_Stars_-_GPN-2000-000972.jpg/375px-Nursery_of_New_Stars_-_GPN-2000-000972.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Nursery_of_New_Stars_-_GPN-2000-000972.jpg/500px-Nursery_of_New_Stars_-_GPN-2000-000972.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1127" data-file-height="1201" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/NGC_604" title="NGC 604">NGC 604</a>, et gigantisk område av ionisert hydrogen i <a href="/wiki/Triangelgalaksen" title="Triangelgalaksen">Triangelgalaksen</a></figcaption></figure><p> Hydrogen er det mest vanlige grunnstoffet i universet, og utgjør 75% av normal materie etter <a href="/wiki/Masse" title="Masse">masse</a> og over 90% etter antall <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atomer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Grunnstoffet finnes i store mengder i <a href="/wiki/Stjerne" title="Stjerne">stjerner</a> og kjempe-gassplaneter. I forhold til den store forekomsten ellers er hydrogen veldig sjeldent i <a href="/wiki/Jorden" title="Jorden">Jordas</a> atmosfære (<a href="/wiki/Parts_per_million" class="mw-redirect" title="Parts per million">ppm</a> etter volum). Den mest vanlige kilden for dette grunnstoffet er <a href="/wiki/Vann" title="Vann">vann</a>, som består av to deler hydrogen og en del <a href="/wiki/Oksygen" title="Oksygen">oksygen</a> (H<sub>2</sub><a href="/wiki/Oksygen" title="Oksygen">O</a>). Andre kilder er de fleste former av organisk materie (for tiden alle livsformer), <a href="/wiki/Kull" title="Kull">kull</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fossilt_brensel" title="Fossilt brensel">fossilt brensel</a> og <a href="/wiki/Naturgass" title="Naturgass">naturgass</a>. <a href="/wiki/Metan" title="Metan">Metan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon">C</a>H<sub>4</sub>), som er et biprodukt av organisk forråtnelse, blir en viktigere kilde til hydrogen. </p><p>Hydrogen kan oppstå på flere måter: <a href="/wiki/Damp" class="mw-disambig" title="Damp">damp</a> fra oppvarmet <a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon">karbon</a>, spaltning av <a href="/wiki/Hydrokarbon" title="Hydrokarbon">hydrokarboner</a> vha varme, reaksjon mellom <a href="/wiki/Natriumhydroksid" title="Natriumhydroksid">natriumhydroksid (kaustisk soda)</a> eller <a href="/wiki/Kaliumhydroksid" title="Kaliumhydroksid">kaliumhydroksid (KOH)</a> og <a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">aluminium</a>, vann <a href="/wiki/Elektrolyse" title="Elektrolyse">elektrolyse</a>, eller det spaltes av <a href="/wiki/Syre" title="Syre">syrer</a> ved reaksjon med visse <a href="/wiki/Metall" title="Metall">metaller</a>. </p><p>I kommersiell produksjon blir <a href="/wiki/Naturgass" title="Naturgass">naturgass</a> vanligvis spaltet og skaper "Grått hydrogen" og CO<sub>2</sub>. "Blått hydrogen" krever at <a href="/wiki/Karbonfangst_og_-lagring" title="Karbonfangst og -lagring">denne CO<sub>2</sub> lagres</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gemi2023_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gemi2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anvendelser">Anvendelser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Rediger avsnitt: Anvendelser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen&action=edit&section=8" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Anvendelser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industrielle_anvendelser">Industrielle anvendelser</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Rediger avsnitt: Industrielle anvendelser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen&action=edit&section=9" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Industrielle anvendelser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Store mengder hydrogen trengs industrielt, særlig i <a href="/wiki/Haber-Bosch-prosessen" class="mw-redirect" title="Haber-Bosch-prosessen">Haber-Bosch-prosessen</a> i <a href="/wiki/Ammoniakk" title="Ammoniakk">ammoniakkproduksjon</a>, i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrogenerering&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hydrogenerering (ikke skrevet ennå)">hydrogenerering</a> av <a href="/wiki/Fett" title="Fett">fett</a> og <a href="/wiki/Droge" title="Droge">oljer</a>, og i produksjonen av <a href="/wiki/Metanol" title="Metanol">metanol</a> (tresprit). Hydrogen brukes også i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrodealkylering&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hydrodealkylering (ikke skrevet ennå)">hydrodealkylering</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Avsvovling_med_hydrogen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avsvovling med hydrogen (ikke skrevet ennå)">avsvovling med hydrogen</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrokrakking&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hydrokrakking (ikke skrevet ennå)">hydrokrakking</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Energibærer"><span id="Energib.C3.A6rer"></span>Energibærer</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Rediger avsnitt: Energibærer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen&action=edit&section=10" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Energibærer"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hydrogen kan brukes som <a href="/wiki/Energib%C3%A6rer" title="Energibærer">energibærer</a> til mange forskjellige applikasjoner, og forbindes vanligvis som drivstoff til et <a href="/wiki/Hydrogendrevet_kj%C3%B8ret%C3%B8y" title="Hydrogendrevet kjøretøy">hydrogendrevet kjøretøy</a>, hvor man frigjør energien lagret i hydrogengassen i en <a href="/wiki/Brenselcelle" title="Brenselcelle">brenselcelle</a>. Man kan også forbrenne hydrogen i en <a href="/wiki/Motor" title="Motor">motor</a>, men industrien har i stor grad gått bort fra den teknologien, siden brenselceller omdanner energien mye mer effektivt. Hydrogen kan brukes også som energibærer til strømsaggregater, for eksempel tilfeller hvor støy og forurensing er viktige elementer, eller hvor aggregatet ligger langt fra strømnettet og man har et høyt krav til oppetid. </p><p>Fordelene med hydrogen som <a href="/wiki/Energib%C3%A6rer" title="Energibærer">energibærer</a> er at hydrogen per masse har en energitetthet som er tre ganger så høy som tradisjonelle <a href="/wiki/Drivstoff" title="Drivstoff">drivstoff</a> som bensin og diesel, og at det ikke fører til andre utslipp enn vanndamp når hydrogen og oksygen omdannes til elektrisitet i en brenselcelle. Utfordringen er at hydrogen er en svært voluminøs <a href="/wiki/Gass" title="Gass">gass</a>, og er derfor mer krevende å håndtere og distribuere enn tradisjonelle drivstoff. For distribusjon av hydrogen er 200-bar flaskepakker eller flytende hydrogen den mest anvendte metoden. Noen steder finnes det også dedikerte gassledninger for hydrogen. En rekke hydrogenforbrukere løser imidlertid denne utfordringen gjennom å produsere hydrogengassen samme sted den forbrukes eller fylles på kjøretøyet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Andre_anvendelser">Andre anvendelser</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Rediger avsnitt: Andre anvendelser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen&action=edit&section=11" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Andre anvendelser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Grunnstoffet brukes i produksjonen av <a href="/wiki/Saltsyre" title="Saltsyre">saltsyre</a>, til <a href="/wiki/Sveising" title="Sveising">sveising</a> og til reduksjon av metallisk <a href="/wiki/Malm" title="Malm">malm</a>.</li> <li>Det blir brukt som <a href="/wiki/Rakettdrivstoff" title="Rakettdrivstoff">rakettdrivstoff</a>.</li> <li>Flytende hydrogen er brukt i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kryogenisk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kryogenisk (ikke skrevet ennå)">kryogenisk</a> forskning, bl.a. <a href="/wiki/Superleder" title="Superleder">superkonduktivitetsforskning</a>.</li> <li>Siden hydrogen er fjorten og en halv gang lettere enn luft, ble det tidligere ofte brukt som løftekraften i <a href="/wiki/Ballong" title="Ballong">ballonger</a> og <a href="/wiki/Luftskip" title="Luftskip">zeppelinere</a>. Dette ble derimot sterkt innskrenket da <a href="/wiki/Luftskipet_%C2%ABHindenburg%C2%BB" title="Luftskipet «Hindenburg»">Hindenburgkatastrofen</a> viste offentligheten at gassen var alt for farlig til dette formålet.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deuterium" title="Deuterium">Deuterium</a>, en isotop (hydrogen-2) av hydrogen brukes i kjernereaksjoner som en moderator for å bremse ned <a href="/wiki/N%C3%B8ytron" title="Nøytron">nøytroner</a>. Deuteriumsammensetninger brukes også innen <a href="/wiki/Kjemi" title="Kjemi">kjemi</a> og <a href="/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi">biologi</a> i studier av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotopeffekt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isotopeffekt (ikke skrevet ennå)">isotopeffekter</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tritium" title="Tritium">Tritium</a> (hydrogen-3), som blir produsert i <a href="/wiki/Kjernereaktor" class="mw-redirect" title="Kjernereaktor">kjernereaktorer</a>, brukes i bygging av <a href="/wiki/Kjernefysiske_v%C3%A5pen" title="Kjernefysiske våpen">hydrogenbomber</a>. Det blir også brukt som en strålingskilde i selvlysende maling.</li> <li>Hydrogen brukes i liten omfang som drivstoff til <a href="/wiki/Hydrogendrevet_kj%C3%B8ret%C3%B8y" title="Hydrogendrevet kjøretøy">hydrogendrevne kjøretøy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gemi2023_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gemi2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymologi">Etymologi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Rediger avsnitt: Etymologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen&action=edit&section=12" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Etymologi"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hydrogen er <a href="/wiki/Frankrike" title="Frankrike">fransk</a> for <i>vann-skaper</i>, fra <a href="/wiki/Hellas" title="Hellas">gresk</a> <i>hudôr</i>, «vann» og <i>gennen</i>, «generere» og ble først oppdaget som et eget stoff i <a href="/wiki/1766" title="1766">1766</a> av <a href="/wiki/Henry_Cavendish" title="Henry Cavendish">Henry Cavendish</a>. <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Lavoisier" title="Antoine Lavoisier">Antoine Lavoisier</a> ga grunnstoffet sitt navn. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kjemiske_forbindelser">Kjemiske forbindelser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Rediger avsnitt: Kjemiske forbindelser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen&action=edit&section=13" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Kjemiske forbindelser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Som den letteste av alle <a href="/wiki/Gass" title="Gass">gasser</a> danner hydrogen kjemiske forbindelser med de fleste andre <a href="/wiki/Grunnstoff" title="Grunnstoff">grunnstoffer</a>. Hydrogen har en middels <a href="/wiki/Elektronegativitet" title="Elektronegativitet">elektronegativitet</a> på 2,2 og kan være det minst metalliske eller det mest metalliske i sine forbindelser. Førstnevnte kalles <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hydrid (ikke skrevet ennå)">hydrider</a> og er oftest forbindelser mellom hydrogen og <a href="/wiki/Metall" title="Metall">metaller</a>, der hydrogen foreligger enten som H<sup>-</sup> <a href="/wiki/Ioner" class="mw-redirect" title="Ioner">ioner</a> eller som et oppløst stoff inni det andre grunnstoffet (f.eks. <a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">palladium</a>-hydrid). Sistnevnte er helst <a href="/wiki/Kovalent_binding" title="Kovalent binding">kovalente forbindelser</a>, da H<sup>+</sup> ionet bare ville være en kjerne bestående av et <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">proton</a> som ville ha en sterk tendens til å tiltrekke seg <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektroner</a>. Begge varianter danner <a href="/wiki/Syre" title="Syre">syrer</a>, men i sure løsninger ses ioner som H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup> idet protoner fester seg til andre <a href="/wiki/Molekyl" title="Molekyl">molekyler</a>. </p><p>I luft reagerer hydrogen med <a href="/wiki/Oksygen" title="Oksygen">oksygen</a> og danner <a href="/wiki/Vann" title="Vann">vann</a>, H<sub>2</sub>O. Det frigjøres mye <a href="/wiki/Energi" title="Energi">energi</a>, og reaksjonen er <a href="/wiki/Eksplosjon" title="Eksplosjon">eksplosjonsartet</a>. <a href="/wiki/Deuterium" title="Deuterium">Deuterium</a>-oksid, eller D<sub>2</sub>O, kalles vanligvis <a href="/wiki/Tungtvann" title="Tungtvann">tungtvann</a>. Hydrogen inngår også i en mengde forbindelser med <a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon">karbon</a>. Fordi slike forbindelser utgjør hovedbestanddelen av alle kjente levende <a href="/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme">organismer</a> kalles de <a href="/wiki/Organisk_forbindelse" title="Organisk forbindelse">organiske forbindelser</a>, og læren om disse kalles <a href="/wiki/Organisk_kjemi" title="Organisk kjemi">organisk kjemi</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tilstandsformer">Tilstandsformer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Rediger avsnitt: Tilstandsformer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen&action=edit&section=14" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Tilstandsformer"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under normale betingelser er hydrogengass en blanding av to ulike slags <a href="/wiki/Molekyl" title="Molekyl">molekyler</a> som har forskjellig <a href="/wiki/Spinn" title="Spinn">spinn</a> i <a href="/wiki/Atomkjerne" title="Atomkjerne">atomkjernene</a>. De to formene kalles orto- og para-hydrogen (som ikke er det samme som <a href="/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop">isotoper</a>, se nedenfor). I orto-hydrogen er kjernespinnet parallelt (danner en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Triplett&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Triplett (ikke skrevet ennå)">triplett</a>), mens det i para-hydrogen er antiparallelt (danner en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Singlett&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Singlett (ikke skrevet ennå)">singlett</a>). Ved <a href="/wiki/Standard_trykk_og_temperatur" title="Standard trykk og temperatur">standardbetingelser</a> består hydrogen av ca. 25 % av para-formen og 75 % av orto-formen, den såkalt normale formen. Likevektsforholdet mellom de to er <a href="/wiki/Temperatur" title="Temperatur">temperaturavhengig</a>, men fordi orto-formen har høyere <a href="/wiki/Energi" title="Energi">energi</a> er den ikke stabil i ren tilstand. Ved lave temperaturer, omkring kokepunktet til hydrogen, foreligger nesten utelukkende para-formen. </p><p>Forvandlingen mellom de to formene er en treg prosess, og hvis hydrogen nedkjøles og <a href="/wiki/Kondensasjon" title="Kondensasjon">kondenseres</a> raskt, opprettholdes en høy andel av orto-formen. Dette har stor betydning ved industriell fremstilling og lagring av flytende hydrogen fordi orto-para forvandlingen frigjør mer varme enn <a href="/wiki/Fordampningsvarme" title="Fordampningsvarme">fordampningsvarmen</a>, og mye hydrogen kan gå tapt ved <a href="/wiki/Fordampning" title="Fordampning">fordampning</a> gjennom flere dager etter kondenseringen. Derfor brukes <a href="/wiki/Katalysator" title="Katalysator">katalysatorer</a> for orto-para forvandlingen under nedkjøling av hydrogen. De to formene har også litt forskjellige <a href="/wiki/Fysikk" title="Fysikk">fysiske</a> egenskaper. For eksempel er <a href="/wiki/Smeltepunkt" title="Smeltepunkt">smeltepunktet</a> og <a href="/wiki/Kokepunkt" title="Kokepunkt">kokepunktet</a> til para-hydrogen omtrent 0,1 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> lavere enn for orto-hydrogen. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Liquid_hydrogen_bubblechamber.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Liquid_hydrogen_bubblechamber.jpg/250px-Liquid_hydrogen_bubblechamber.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Liquid_hydrogen_bubblechamber.jpg/375px-Liquid_hydrogen_bubblechamber.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Liquid_hydrogen_bubblechamber.jpg/500px-Liquid_hydrogen_bubblechamber.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="852" /></a><figcaption>Spor av flytende hydrogen i et <a href="/wiki/Boblekammer" title="Boblekammer">boblekammer</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gassform">Gassform</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Rediger avsnitt: Gassform" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen&action=edit&section=15" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Gassform"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Isolert ved normalt trykk består hydrogengass av diatomiske molekyler (H<sub>2</sub>). Hydrogenmolekylet er bundet sammen ved hjelp av en <a href="/wiki/Kovalent_binding" title="Kovalent binding">kovalent</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigmabinding&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sigmabinding (ikke skrevet ennå)">sigmabinding</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flytende_form">Flytende form</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Rediger avsnitt: Flytende form" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen&action=edit&section=16" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Flytende form"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ved normalt trykk inntar hydrogen flytende form mellom 14,025 K (-259 °C) og 20,268 K (-253  °C). Flytende hydrogen brukes i <a href="/wiki/Boblekammer" title="Boblekammer">boblekamre</a> og som en kjølevæske i laboratorier. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fast_form">Fast form</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Rediger avsnitt: Fast form" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen&action=edit&section=17" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Fast form"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>På samme måte som <a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon">karbon</a> kan opptre både som <a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">diamant</a> og <a href="/wiki/Grafitt" title="Grafitt">grafitt</a> vil hydrogen i fast form inneha forskjellige egenskaper ved forskjellig trykk og temperatur. Disse ulike tilstandene kalles <i>faser</i>. Eksperimentelle data har vist at hydrogen i fast form ikke leder <a href="/wiki/Elektrisitet" title="Elektrisitet">elektrisitet</a> og det er dermed <a href="/wiki/Ikke-metall" title="Ikke-metall">ikke-metallisk</a>. Dette motsier tidligere <a href="/wiki/Teori" title="Teori">teorier</a> om <a href="/wiki/Metallisk_hydrogen" title="Metallisk hydrogen">metallisk hydrogen</a>. Et av problemene med studiet av hydrogen er at det krever høyt trykk for å få hydrogen i fast form, og også at de lette atomkjernene er lite villige til å samhandle med <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B8ntgenstr%C3%A5ling" title="Røntgenstråling">røntgenstråling</a>, noe som resulterer i <a href="/wiki/Diffraksjon" title="Diffraksjon">diffraksjonsmønster</a> med lav oppløsning. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Teorier_om_fast_metallisk_hydrogen">Teorier om fast metallisk hydrogen</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Rediger avsnitt: Teorier om fast metallisk hydrogen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen&action=edit&section=18" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Teorier om fast metallisk hydrogen"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I 1926 teoretiserte forskeren J.D. Bernard at alle stoffer ved høyt nok <a href="/wiki/Trykk" title="Trykk">trykk</a> vil anta en <a href="/wiki/Metall" title="Metall">metallisk</a> form. I 1935 foreslo to forskere at hydrogen kunne gå over i metallisk form ved et trykk på ca 250 000 <a href="/wiki/Atmosf%C3%A6risk_trykk" title="Atmosfærisk trykk">atmosfærer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Peter_P_1997_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peter_P_1997-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Metallisk hydrogen antas å være <a href="/wiki/Superleder" title="Superleder">superledende</a> ved normal romtemperatur, og dette kombinert med en nysgjerrighet om hva som skjer inne i de store <a href="/wiki/Gasskjempe" title="Gasskjempe">gassplanetene</a> (som består hovedsakelig av hydrogen under høyt trykk) har gjort metallisk hydrogen til et interessant område for forskning. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ikke-metallisk_fast_hydrogen_i_ulike_faser">Ikke-metallisk fast hydrogen i ulike faser</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Rediger avsnitt: Ikke-metallisk fast hydrogen i ulike faser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen&action=edit&section=19" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Ikke-metallisk fast hydrogen i ulike faser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Når hydrogen komprimeres under høyt trykk dannes et ikke-metallisk, fast stoff, <i>fase I</i>, der diatomiske hydrogenmolekyler sitter heksagonalt tettpakket i et <a href="/wiki/Krystallstruktur" title="Krystallstruktur">krystallgitter</a> og roterer fritt. Ved temperaturer under 120 K fryser molekylene i en (tilfeldig) bestemt retning. Dette kalles <i>fase II</i>. Ved trykk over 1,5 millioner atmosfærer oppstår også en <i>fase III</i> av hydrogen i fast form der samhandling med <a href="/wiki/Infrar%C3%B8d_str%C3%A5ling" title="Infrarød stråling">infrarød stråling</a> antyder at det diatomiske molekylet er polarisert til en permanent dipol. Om flere faseendringer inntreffer ved enda høyere trykk det er delte meninger om. Noen mener at polariseringen vil øke slik at strukturen kan beskrives som ioner av type H<sup>+</sup> og H<sup>-</sup>, mens andre mener at hydrogenet vil være et fast metall<sup id="cite_ref-Peter_P_1997_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peter_P_1997-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> En tredje hypotese er at hydrogen ved høyere trykk og temperatur vil bli omdannet til en væske som, avhengig av det omgivende magnetfeltet, enten kan være en <a href="/wiki/Superfluid" class="mw-redirect" title="Superfluid">supervæske</a> eller <a href="/wiki/Superleder" title="Superleder">superleder</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> En teoretisk studie fra 2007 hevder at en modell for fast hydrogen i samsvar med empiriske data fra fase III skal være stabil opp til 4,2 millioner atmosfærer.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Isotoper">Isotoper</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Rediger avsnitt: Isotoper" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen&action=edit&section=20" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Isotoper"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Hydrogen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Hydrogen.svg/250px-Hydrogen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Hydrogen.svg/375px-Hydrogen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Hydrogen.svg/500px-Hydrogen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="230" /></a><figcaption>Protium, den mest vanlige av hydrogens <a href="/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop">isotoper</a>, har et <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">proton</a> og et <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektron</a>. Det er den eneste stabile isotopen uten noe <a href="/wiki/N%C3%B8ytron" title="Nøytron">nøytron</a>.</figcaption></figure><p> Det er tre kjente naturlige <a href="/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop">isotoper</a> av hydrogen, <sup>1</sup>H, <sup>2</sup>H og <sup>3</sup>H. Andre svært ustabile isotoper (<sup>4</sup>H til <sup>7</sup>H) av hydrogen har blitt framstilt i laboratorier, men disse er ikke observert i naturen. </p><ol><li>Den vanligste isotopen, <a href="/wiki/Protium" title="Protium">protium</a> (<sup>1</sup>H), har ett <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">proton</a> og ingen <a href="/wiki/N%C3%B8ytron" title="Nøytron">nøytroner</a> i kjernen. Denne isotopen er stabil og utgjør 99,985 % av naturlig hydrogen.</li> <li>Tungt hydrogen, <a href="/wiki/Deuterium" title="Deuterium">deuterium</a> (<sup>2</sup>H eller <a href="/wiki/Deuterium" title="Deuterium">D</a>), har ett proton og ett nøytron. Denne isotopen er også stabil og utgjør ca. 1/6400 eller 0,015 % av naturlig hydrogen. Forholdstallet mellom deuterium og protium bestemmes ut fra <a href="/wiki/VSMOW" class="mw-redirect" title="VSMOW">VSMOW</a> standard vann. Ca. 1/3200 av naturlig vann er «halvtungt» vann, DHO, og en enda mindre andel er <a href="/wiki/Tungtvann" title="Tungtvann">tungtvann</a>, D<sub>2</sub>O.</li> <li>Supertungt hydrogen, den <a href="/wiki/Radioaktivitet" title="Radioaktivitet">radioaktive</a> isotopen <a href="/wiki/Tritium" title="Tritium">tritium</a> (<sup>3</sup>H eller <a href="/wiki/Tritium" title="Tritium">T</a>), har ett proton og to nøytroner. I naturlig hydrogen finnes ett <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atom</a> tritium blant 10<sup>17</sup>–10<sup>18</sup> atomer vanlig hydrogen. <a href="/wiki/Halveringstid" title="Halveringstid">Halveringstiden</a> for tritium er 12,35 år.</li></ol> <p>Hydrogen er det eneste grunnstoffet med forskjellige navn for sine isotoper. Symbolene <a href="/wiki/Deuterium" title="Deuterium">D</a> og <a href="/wiki/Tritium" title="Tritium">T</a> er imidlertid ikke offisielt anerkjent. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Forsiktighetsregler">Forsiktighetsregler</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Rediger avsnitt: Forsiktighetsregler" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen&action=edit&section=21" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Forsiktighetsregler"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hydrogen er en svært brennbar gass. Den reagerer også voldsomt med <a href="/wiki/Klor" title="Klor">klor</a> og <a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor">fluor</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Produksjon">Produksjon</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Rediger avsnitt: Produksjon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen&action=edit&section=22" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Produksjon"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Den mest økonomiske metoden å produsere hydrogen på er dampreformering av hydrokarboner, og da særlig naturgass (metan). I tillegg blir en god del produsert ved kunstgjødselfabrikker som siden bruker hydrogenet til å produsere ammoniakk, som brukes videre i prosessen. Noen industrielle prosesser har også hydrogen som biprodukt, særlig klor-alkali elektrolyse produserer større mengder hydrogen.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I tillegg kan hydrogen produseres fra elektrolyse av vann. Dette er ikke konkurransedyktig prismessig i forhold til hydrogen produsert fra naturgass, men kan produseres av et lite apparat, og krever ikke et industrielt anlegg. Dette gjør at det kan være den mest økonomiske metoden på avsidesliggende steder. I Norge ble hydrogen tidligere produsert i større mengder på Vemork i Rjukan i årene 1929-1970, med vannkraft som energikilde.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dampreformering">Dampreformering</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Rediger avsnitt: Dampreformering" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen&action=edit&section=23" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Dampreformering"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Konvensjonell_dampreformering">Konvensjonell dampreformering</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Rediger avsnitt: Konvensjonell dampreformering" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen&action=edit&section=24" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Konvensjonell dampreformering"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dampreformering av naturgass er den billigste og mest brukte fremstillingsmetoden, og står for om lag halvparten av verdens hydrogenproduksjon. Litt forenklet kan den beskrives: </p><p>CH<sub>4</sub> + 2 H<sub>2</sub>O → 4 H<sub>2</sub> + CO<sub>2</sub> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Naturgass" title="Naturgass">Naturgass</a> består hovedsakelig av metan (CH<sub>4</sub>), samt en del tyngre hydrokarboner og karbondioksid (CO<sub>2</sub>). Ved å tilføre metanet vanndamp med høy temperatur, får man dannet karbonoksid og hydrogen. Dette foregår ved 800 °C over en nikkelkatalysator. </p><p>I tillegg til naturgassen som inngår i reaksjonsprosessen, tilføres ca. 1/3 ekstra naturgass som energi for å drive reaksjonene. Det utvikles stadig nye metoder for å øke effektiviteten, og ved bedre håndtering av varmen er det mulig å øke utnyttelsesgraden til over 85 %. </p><p>Reformering fra naturgass gir imidlertid ikke rent hydrogen, det blir også dannet noe CO2. Om lag 75 % av den produserte gassen er hydrogen. Fjerning av CO<sub>2</sub> er derfor nødvendig for å få rent hydrogen. Ved dampreformering av naturgass produseres det 7,05 kg CO<sub>2</sub> for hvert kg hydrogen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dampreformering_med_CO2-fangst">Dampreformering med CO<sub>2</sub>-fangst</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Rediger avsnitt: Dampreformering med CO2-fangst" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen&action=edit&section=25" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Dampreformering med CO2-fangst"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Det forskes imidlertid på teknologier for damprefomering som inkluderer <a href="/wiki/Karbonfangst_og_-lagring" title="Karbonfangst og -lagring">CO<sub>2</sub>-rensing</a>. Et eksempel på en slik teknologi er Sorption Enhanced Steam Methane Reforming (SE-SMR), og har blitt utviklet av <a href="/wiki/IFE" class="mw-redirect" title="IFE">IFE</a> i en årrekke. Teknologien benytter en absorbent, for eksempel pulverisert <a href="/wiki/Dolomitt" title="Dolomitt">dolomitt</a>, som absorberer CO<sub>2</sub> etter hvert som det produseres under reformeringsprosessen, og dermed øker (derav "enhanced") hydrogenproduksjonen. Absorbenten sirkuleres mellom selve reformeren hvor hydrogengassen produseres, og en <i>regenerator</i>, hvor absorbenten utsettes for høy temperatur, som gjør at den gir slipp på CO<sub>2</sub>-gassen, og sirkuleres over til reformeren igjen. Når dolomitt absorberer CO<sub>2</sub> frigis varme, og selve reformeringen foregår på rundt 600 °C, altså 200 °C lavere enn konvensjonell reformering. For regenereringen må man imidlertid tilføre varme på 850 °C. Totalt sett er utnyttelsesgraden omtrent 75%, alstå som konvensjonell reformering. Kombinerer man imidlertid en SE-SMR med en høytemperatur, strømproduserende brenselcelle, for eksempel en av typen <i>fastoksid</i> (<a href="/wiki/SOFC" class="mw-redirect" title="SOFC">Solid Oxide Fuel Cell</a>) kan man utnytte temperaturen fra brenselcellen til å regenerere absorbenten, og få en totalvirkningsgrad på 85%. Dette konseptet, kalt ZEG Power<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, som er et samarbeidsprosjekt mellom <a href="/wiki/IFE" class="mw-redirect" title="IFE">IFE</a> og <a href="/wiki/Christian_Michelsen_Research" title="Christian Michelsen Research">CMR Prototech AS</a> testes i 2014 ut på Kjeller. Dampreformering med keramisk membran uten varme er også mulig.<sup id="cite_ref-gemi2022_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gemi2022-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elektrolyse">Elektrolyse</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Rediger avsnitt: Elektrolyse" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen&action=edit&section=26" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Elektrolyse"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ved vannelektrolyse spalter man vann til hydrogen og oksygen. Prinsippet er enkelt; man trenger to elektroder, en katode og en anode, senker disse ned i en beholder med vann og tilsetter spenning. Hydrogenatomene vil da trekkes mot den negative katoden, og oksygenatomene mot anoden. </p><p>2 H<sub>2</sub>O + energi → 2H<sub>2</sub> + O<sub>2</sub> </p><p>Energiforbruket ved denne prosessen er rundt 4,5 kWh/Nm³ H<sub>2</sub>, avhengig av effektiviteten på elektrolyttene.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>2-3 prosent av dagens hydrogenproduksjon stammer fra vannelektrolyse. Norsk Hydro benyttet elektrolyse for å produsere ammoniakk fra 1920 – tallet til 1970 da dampreformering tok over. Teknologien som ble utviklet av Norsk Hydro lever videre i <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nel-hydrogen.com">NEL Hydrogen</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211219004507/http://www.nel-hydrogen.com/">Arkivert</a> 19. desember 2021 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. </p><p><b>Alkaliske elektrolysører</b> </p><p>En elektrolysør er et apparat for elektrolyse. Alkaliske elektrolysører er en flytende elektrolytt, bestående av vann og kaliumhydroksid (KOH) som gjør den elektrisk ledende. Det er denne typen som er verdensdominerende i dag, og Norsk Hydro Electrolysers leverer elektrolysører med en <a href="/wiki/Virkningsgrad" title="Virkningsgrad">virkningsgrad</a> på 85 %.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>De største utgiftene ved elektrolyse er strømforbruket, som utgjør opp mot 80% av totalkostnadene. Både effektivitet og strømkostnader er viktig i den sammenheng. </p><p><b>Fast polymerelektrolytt elektrolyse (PEM)</b> </p><p>En nyere elektrolysør bruker et fast stoff, en ioneledende polymer, som elektrolytt. Disse er fortsatt svært dyre og ikke lønnsomme i forhold til alkaliske elektrolysører. </p><p>Det er antatt at PEM-elektrolyttene i fremtiden vil få en virkningsgrad på inntil 94 %, men i dag er virkningsgraden lavere enn de beste alkaliske elektrolyttene.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I de siste årene er det utviklet elektrolysører som opererer ved trykk på 30 bar. Man reduserer da de kommende problemene med lagring av hydrogenet. </p><p><b>Høytemperatur dampelektrolyse</b> En tredje type elektrolyse foregår med en dampelektrolysør. Disse benytter en keramisk ioneledende elektrolytt (YSZ). Dampelektrolysører kan oppnå meget høy virkningsgrad, men dette er fortsatt ikke brukbar teknologi.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_også"><span id="Se_ogs.C3.A5"></span>Se også</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Rediger avsnitt: Se også" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen&action=edit&section=27" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Se også"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogendrevet_kj%C3%B8ret%C3%B8y" title="Hydrogendrevet kjøretøy">Hydrogendrevet kjøretøy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antihydrogen" title="Antihydrogen">Antihydrogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenselcelle" title="Brenselcelle">Brenselcelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogenbinding" title="Hydrogenbinding">Hydrogenbinding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isotoptabell" title="Isotoptabell">Isotoptabell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knallgass" title="Knallgass">Knallgass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periodesystemet" title="Periodesystemet">Periodesystemet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogenatom" title="Hydrogenatom">Hydrogenatomet</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen&action=edit&section=28" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Kofstad, Per K. (23. mai 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://snl.no/hydrogen">«hydrogen»</a>. <i>Store norske leksikon</i> (på norsk)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 22. september 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHydrogen&rft.atitle=hydrogen&rft.aufirst=Per+K.&rft.aulast=Kofstad&rft.btitle=Store+norske+leksikon&rft.date=2018-05-23&rft.genre=bookitem&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsnl.no%2Fhydrogen&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ungenergi.no/energibaerere/ovrige-energibaerere/hydrogen/">«Hydrogen | UngEnergi»</a>. <i>ungenergi.no</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 1. september 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHydrogen&rft.atitle=Hydrogen+%7C+UngEnergi&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ungenergi.no&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fungenergi.no%2Fenergibaerere%2Fovrige-energibaerere%2Fhydrogen%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gemi2023-3"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-gemi2023_3-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gemi2023_3-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gemi2023_3-2"><sup>c</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Haugan, Idun (28. februar 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gemini.no/2023/02/hydrogen-fra-a-til-a/">«Hydrogen fra A til Å»</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Gemini_(nettsted)" title="Gemini (nettsted)">Gemini.no</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHydrogen&rft.atitle=Hydrogen+fra+A+til+%C3%85&rft.aufirst=Idun&rft.aulast=Haugan&rft.date=2023-02-28&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gemini.no&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgemini.no%2F2023%2F02%2Fhydrogen-fra-a-til-a%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">David Bodanis: <i>E = mc<sup>2</sup></i>, forlaget Gyldendal, Oslo 2001, <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/8252549489" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 82-525-4948-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele001.html">«Hydrogen»</a>. Jefferson Lab<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 5. mai 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHydrogen&rft.btitle=Hydrogen&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Jefferson+Lab&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feducation.jlab.org%2Fitselemental%2Fele001.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Peter_P_1997-6"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-Peter_P_1997_6-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Peter_P_1997_6-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Peter P. Edwards og Friedrich Hensel "Will solid hydrogen ever be metal?, artikkel i <a href="/wiki/Nature" title="Nature">Nature</a> sidene 621 - 622 (14 Aug 1997)"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Egor Babaev, Asle Sudbø, N. W. Ashcroft "A superconductor to superfluid phase transition in liquid metallic hydrogen" Nature 431, 666 - 668 (07 Oct 2004)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Chris J. Pickard1, Richard J. Needs2"Structure of phase III of solid hydrogen" artikkel i Nature Physics 3, side 473–476 (2007)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><span class="bjeller" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d); cursor:help;" title="Engelsk">(en)</span><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eia.gov/oiaf/servicerpt/hydro/appendixc.html">«The Impact of Increased Use of Hydrogen on Petroleum Consumption and Carbon Dioxide Emissions»</a>. U.S. Energy Information Administration<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 22. oktober 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHydrogen&rft.btitle=The+Impact+of+Increased+Use+of+Hydrogen+on+Petroleum+Consumption+and+Carbon+Dioxide+Emissions&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=U.S.+Energy+Information+Administration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eia.gov%2Foiaf%2Fservicerpt%2Fhydro%2Fappendixc.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><span class="bjeller" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d); cursor:help;" title="Norsk">(no)</span><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:WRgMgtgE3uMJ:brage.bibsys.no/riksant/retrieve/1786/verdensarv_norsk_industriarv_saeland.pdf+&hl=en&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEEShuqIl0eJjVsnJxrdt9dOdcDDOOZSp_Zj65gkGmcRx0MnTp1j42Kn_e4wwtv1q12xunvIOLuaFuRcs-asLyQE6OggqJxObjCMGmD7GPFXqSqKAo0ID4dNmo64Sj5kx28RJn-cSR&sig=AHIEtbSxtP8CXWsM53ZQWeEkOqFrHBPdzA">«Om kraftstasjonen, industrien, krigen og museet.»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 23. oktober 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHydrogen&rft.btitle=Om+kraftstasjonen%2C+industrien%2C+krigen+og+museet.&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.google.com%2Fviewer%3Fa%3Dv%26q%3Dcache%3AWRgMgtgE3uMJ%3Abrage.bibsys.no%2Friksant%2Fretrieve%2F1786%2Fverdensarv_norsk_industriarv_saeland.pdf%2B%26hl%3Den%26pid%3Dbl%26srcid%3DADGEEShuqIl0eJjVsnJxrdt9dOdcDDOOZSp_Zj65gkGmcRx0MnTp1j42Kn_e4wwtv1q12xunvIOLuaFuRcs-asLyQE6OggqJxObjCMGmD7GPFXqSqKAo0ID4dNmo64Sj5kx28RJn-cSR%26sig%3DAHIEtbSxtP8CXWsM53ZQWeEkOqFrHBPdzA&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.zegpower.com">http://www.zegpower.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gemi2022-12"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gemi2022_12-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Meland, Svein Inge (14. juli 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gemini.no/2022/07/de-lager-hydrogen-i-en-smell-og-fanger-co%e2%82%82-samtidig/">«De lager hydrogen "i en smell" – og fanger CO₂ samtidig»</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Gemini_(nettsted)" title="Gemini (nettsted)">Gemini.no</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHydrogen&rft.atitle=De+lager+hydrogen+%22i+en+smell%22+%E2%80%93+og+fanger+CO%E2%82%82+samtidig&rft.aufirst=Svein+Inge&rft.aulast=Meland&rft.date=2022-07-14&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gemini.no&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgemini.no%2F2022%2F07%2Fde-lager-hydrogen-i-en-smell-og-fanger-co%25e2%2582%2582-samtidig%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">NOU Gassteknologi, miljø og verdiskaping, 2002:7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111201002537/http://energilink.tu.no/leksikon/hydro_electrolysers.aspx">«Norsk Hydro Electrolysers»</a>. Energi Link. Arkivert fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://energilink.tu.no/leksikon/hydro_electrolysers.aspx">originalen</a> 1. desember 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 5. mai 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHydrogen&rft.btitle=Norsk+Hydro+Electrolysers&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Energi+Link&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenergilink.tu.no%2Fleksikon%2Fhydro_electrolysers.aspx&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><span class="bjeller" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d); cursor:help;" title="Engelsk">(en)</span><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060102134744/http://www.eere.energy.gov/hydrogenandfuelcells/">«Fuel Cell Technologies Program»</a>. US Department of Energy. Arkivert fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eere.energy.gov/hydrogenandfuelcells/">originalen</a> 2. januar 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 5. mai 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHydrogen&rft.btitle=Fuel+Cell+Technologies+Program&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=US+Department+of+Energy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eere.energy.gov%2Fhydrogenandfuelcells%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Bellona Hydrogen – status og muligheter (rapport nr. 6, 2002)</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_lenker">Eksterne lenker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksterne lenker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen&action=edit&section=29" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksterne lenker"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hydrogen" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Hydrogen">Hydrogen</a> – kategori av bilder, video eller lyd på <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Commons</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p373"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q556?uselang=nb#P373" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen" class="extiw" title="commons:Hydrogen">Hydrogen</a> – galleri av bilder, video eller lyd på <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Commons</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p935"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q556?uselang=nb#P935" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hydrogen.no">www.hydrogen.no - informasjon om hydrogen og hydrogenaktiviteter i Norge</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080915075839/http://www.kjemi.uio.no/periodesystemet/?e=H">Hydrogen UiO</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/H/index.html">WebElements.com – Hydrogen</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://environmentalchemistry.com/yogi/periodic/H.html">EnvironmentalChemistry.com – Hydrogen</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele001.html">It's Elemental – Hydrogen</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23230704">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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aria-labelledby="Periodesystemet" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23230704"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24561741">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <table border="1" style="text-align:center; border:1px solid #ffffff; border-collapse:collapse; font-size: smaller; width:100%" rules="all" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">H</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" colspan="30">  </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">He</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Litium" title="Litium">Li</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDEAD"><a href="/wiki/Beryllium" title="Beryllium">Be</a> </td> <td colspan="24">  </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/Bor_(grunnstoff)" title="Bor (grunnstoff)">B</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon">C</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">N</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Oksygen" title="Oksygen">O</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor">F</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Ne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">Na</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDEAD"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Mg</a> </td> <td colspan="24">  </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Al</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/Silisium" title="Silisium">Si</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor">P</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Svovel" title="Svovel">S</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Klor" title="Klor">Cl</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium">K</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDEAD"><a href="/wiki/Kalsium" title="Kalsium">Ca</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Scandium" title="Scandium">Sc</a> </td> <td colspan="14">  </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Titan_(grunnstoff)" title="Titan (grunnstoff)">Ti</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">V</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Krom" title="Krom">Cr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">Mn</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Jern" title="Jern">Fe</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Kobolt" title="Kobolt">Co</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Nikkel" title="Nikkel">Ni</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Kobber" title="Kobber">Cu</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Sink" title="Sink">Zn</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium">Ga</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">Ge</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen">As</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Selen" title="Selen">Se</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Brom" title="Brom">Br</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">Rb</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDEAD"><a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium">Sr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium">Y</a> </td> <td colspan="14">  </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Zirkonium" title="Zirkonium">Zr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Niob" title="Niob">Nb</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Molybden" title="Molybden">Mo</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium">Tc</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium">Ru</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium">Rh</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">Pd</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8lv" title="Sølv">Ag</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Kadmium" title="Kadmium">Cd</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">In</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Tinn_(grunnstoff)" title="Tinn (grunnstoff)">Sn</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/Antimon" title="Antimon">Sb</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/Tellur" title="Tellur">Te</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Jod" title="Jod">I</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Cesium" title="Cesium">Cs</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#FFDEAD"><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium">Ba</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Lantan" title="Lantan">La</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium">Ce</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Praseodym" title="Praseodym">Pr</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Neodym" title="Neodym">Nd</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Promethium" title="Promethium">Pm</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium">Sm</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">Eu</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">Gd</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">Tb</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium">Dy</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium">Ho</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium">Er</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium">Tm</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium">Yb</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Lutetium" title="Lutetium">Lu</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium">Hf</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Tantal" title="Tantal">Ta</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram">W</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Rhenium" title="Rhenium">Re</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">Os</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">Ir</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Platina" title="Platina">Pt</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Gull" title="Gull">Au</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Kvikks%C3%B8lv" title="Kvikksølv">Hg</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium">Tl</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Bly" title="Bly">Pb</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Vismut" title="Vismut">Bi</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">Po</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Astat" title="Astat">At</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Francium" title="Francium">Fr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDEAD"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium">Ra</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ef99cc"><a href="/wiki/Actinium" title="Actinium">Ac</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ef99cc"><a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium">Th</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ef99cc"><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium">Pa</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ef99cc"><a href="/wiki/Uran" title="Uran">U</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ef99cc"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">Np</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ef99cc"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Pu</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ef99cc"><a href="/wiki/Americium" title="Americium">Am</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ef99cc"><a href="/wiki/Curium" title="Curium">Cm</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ef99cc"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium">Bk</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ef99cc"><a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium">Cf</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ef99cc"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium">Es</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ef99cc"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium">Fm</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ef99cc"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium">Md</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ef99cc"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium">No</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ef99cc"><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium">Lr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium">Rf</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium">Db</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium">Sg</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium">Bh</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Hassium" title="Hassium">Hs</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium">Mt</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium">Ds</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B8ntgenium" title="Røntgenium">Rg</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" title="Copernicium">Cn</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium">Nh</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium">Fl</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" title="Moscovium">Mc</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium">Lv</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Tenness" title="Tenness">Ts</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson">Og</a> </td></tr></tbody></table><br /> <table border="1" align="center" style="border:1px solid #ffffff; border-collapse:collapse; font-size: smaller; width:100%" rules="all" cellpadding="1"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background-color:#FF6666" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Alkalimetall" title="Alkalimetall">Alkalimetaller</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDEAD" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Jordalkalimetall" title="Jordalkalimetall">Jordalkalimetaller</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Lantanoid" title="Lantanoid">Lantanoider</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ef99cc" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Actinoid" title="Actinoid">Actinoider</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Transisjonsmetall" class="mw-redirect" title="Transisjonsmetall">Transisjonsmetaller</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Metall" title="Metall">Metaller</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Halvmetall" title="Halvmetall">Halvmetaller</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Ikke-metall" title="Ikke-metall">Ikke-metaller</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">Halogener</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Edelgass" title="Edelgass">Edelgasser</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23230704"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r24561737"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Oppslagsverk/autoritetsdata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Oppslagsverk/autoritetsdata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Autoritetsdata" title="Hjelp:Autoritetsdata">Oppslagsverk/autoritetsdata</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list 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