CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIzMiIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMiIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSI+PHBhdGggZmlsbD0iI0IyMEYwMyIgZD0iTTE2IDNhMTMgMTMgMCAxIDAgMTMgMTNBMTMuMDE1IDEzLjAxNSAwIDAgMCAxNiAzbTAgMjRhMTEgMTEgMCAxIDEgMTEtMTEgMTEuMDEgMTEuMDEgMCAwIDEtMTEgMTEiLz48cGF0aCBmaWxsPSIjQjIwRjAzIiBkPSJNMTcuMDM4IDE4LjYxNUgxNC44N0wxNC41NjMgOS41aDIuNzgzem0tMS4wODQgMS40MjdxLjY2IDAgMS4wNTcuMzg4LjQwNy4zODkuNDA3Ljk5NCAwIC41OTYtLjQwNy45ODQtLjM5Ny4zOS0xLjA1Ny4zODktLjY1IDAtMS4wNTYtLjM4OS0uMzk4LS4zODktLjM5OC0uOTg0IDAtLjU5Ny4zOTgtLjk4NS40MDYtLjM5NyAxLjA1Ni0uMzk3Ii8+PC9zdmc+);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134ced1af95895e',cH: 'ZQmr9ge7d8_ZUGFGiEVynEWTYF4xKF1JMvSko6eZbhQ-1739785142-1.2.1.1-V5a.5UzGBo6NqYNMWsVwNAdsTDsePmGl6Sy4f4iEfj.Yjqzd81sW8q9VE6Sl9y7u',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/127136\/sustainable-maintenance-model-for-infrastructure-in-egypt?__cf_chl_tk=IPL_6YJuXUT6WQlBDYrIQ17nSXkdGM7kD2xS4YbVDxA-1739785142-1.0.1.1-PiBNoIJkgk1rYWLuxwP9_D1CM1OgQ50U0tf1DaTWDi0",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739785142',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/127136\/sustainable-maintenance-model-for-infrastructure-in-egypt?__cf_chl_f_tk=IPL_6YJuXUT6WQlBDYrIQ17nSXkdGM7kD2xS4YbVDxA-1739785142-1.0.1.1-PiBNoIJkgk1rYWLuxwP9_D1CM1OgQ50U0tf1DaTWDi0",md: "p0ksDe1dS4u0heowqNFbLJbGKyzl2p7FCwCNDEgZpFI-1739785142-1.2.1.1-rWjqlMDX43rCMrXxNf7zZKelWHf72k09ZYsH7lwcHboO2p8ZoH_V1KFb3FJ4NuRzKcNJyJLUqz_ak9QeVqfY5TUrVBIgj7atcuVPfdltFGLb0_kkrtmfM_G.QAEaSaF26L0CXNyrAzlv9QDt4kUFKxR7sfJuDIEFW5VBv7XfravNLxAUBpYiHq8W0i5GybMqigUoV2kdNV7orYS8YN.dex4Se03a0.cUuEIx4R4b3ADsiiVMLhTXtgeHM4ly7wu4DjztsuYob8MbKR6YO9e8zkdxuDHQSj48EFaw7ryrmmtXOoz_44KcJouJMPkt2c5cvfC4dmvk2qmF1OzYBZvazEnI4McvWRkk_PQH7PmpWJ4ewvr0OWbAB1pGgbNtHdfpmycTph5YIi6aQ47Oorj3TvWsPDwZOqB4KhW.DnENRUlAgAtPh1CNI2hOZhtV7JaIpbY1t.jaC83cJ.bR.FTie1454T1SVGSrKHE8WdOZy.Z5wpznY_Li1K7.Sa_P_Tmf1_RvKUXfA6hq45oU3mfODwxNOAlDJlecH3tAbgwvjAoL0DkoY7UeA6G6eirOJX1c2Y76V6_bEHHpsDDf.XewJIbMyVenwDBI56C0az_lB2VGDvvZOC3JHjOSpsxL3K3NIhpSebJa9mNGXvFdtWuJGjBKYocWW1UyPCR0x9YyG69TwYx2LzKM2rdOG9sXCC17.2i2VRobxakkAyUn4uBIH26ix_MLegN6P5_kBzoofbo67efbrYLABVGYRCfZ6YswCUuei8EAYDCyEzThYgDipTH3VmfCYdrdEJQp5816x6Y0NR17anEqMl4P07CmRnLQ_Oy6yQ7xBlI6dUibQaqCrDsW8ZSpz604aLuwuggVZcjfMBsw1_5.LIoqdZNSPTQkXMtS1XyICLpJm..T8xkpUE5Yg_ehsi0lYtHNFnHlX0GzSPS9zPZI8eHUYWUXAQFqVInE5Ve2SzlGEJM2Q.plFu3ihbW3DSAAWvU68kIVX156lmsmLt0SV6cHq3CbjGOEb._tVXGL7.9G5SprwrUa_odJ3sety5_.nXFxvZRh.HXS9VwO9nJ3evM082rNOIf7j62q4aIl47_2kus8dO.rvUWb14aTuG6BQaRO9_ABtza3lmdIvnJU_zBeiR_qForJipiFJGlZGdEmyrVN5IIz1Qr6LFiLNYl1MTLz31rdOQdJqM02MBMeO6Cma02KGqADA_4kwu4l9cA7T6dVDfnz_YAkLC6MPwOgHr7hOTl13ovhAfYKvZ9Efx7DxP_VpnaZDK9P4645V7t2u74RnJFNBvalqJUWWYmqFGnGZrA7nWXLg6in8iG_Gt5qhx_4tiCncQ3oJB2am03u6zCALkeYFA2QdLCrYFcyRP5q1ahVdS37I9mzD3cvMn4Sw.76kFuMXA5Qv4nb769jdRePqeqHjZKhUl.3nuWnLo1BPtH_Btn0WZ_hGh.V2fsAPtOjvVns4nyxdvsX7s6FjyssrwDXVSSYxQWKOrrav7evo3R8obIaOo954nU1uZLFegHWdp.WIiEx_DznjvMR4oPWpLA3LAoO_sCKPR8SW6qJWkS4M5HD6U5mVvjURiNVFFyj4DhfKxeFxqdkA5_h2lQwZS1gEIqVQQfZrSdvUBgyGD51W2Ys0gQboyg0tXhm2sqiVT2R3uALnroPXhU6PFNLE2ZondcwxzPwwYKG9mvZsyqZu6e5tI3kQLEBYgR0S5bzQDCyrKWnwDcIOnT7qlZ8pxiRbeN0iU9X2gSA3PeBlmjauiPh5VlGimEW4pYEA5TC8wytuURDgE7rNCqFIKQroZZSAgn8okWVX5BKL4uVyu7sCYVSq044Smgp5j4t.wCLr8_DTsZ.q07AH9cooo83T20BFSytcpOpxl.jkp8TnQP0QqSME2kwSUFbsTTRN0c_GJaWoHJZAGcR2skJQcAN9g9gXmUCFVUZE4s7yjrGV.zVHUK0MknH5GAkqNox5ZpW4TK2aEehUMHx4YE1QdkYqLtabRSM1_Dz1Wy8sznIdAHu9uRb2pe1X5nigFTteCSdiy69acmYy1PQ9nOXBoojVQxsDg",mdrd: "ebroZF_djTtN8N08WovYZENC7oQdOb9ORVVrPiZJvV8-1739785142-1.2.1.1-VHY.svRJ5lbR0upU.tx_8PVrLXQVPb_VN3glJjs0Y1pI3vpeMP_03phF5nViTRluS7TK2FTDx2_2mP6_35VmwbKHc0UjV5tVPaWvDk7_gcz_T3Z1eaj2XkEGNgUq7TU95jH2jgtFaOwpmfgfEKDDiq.emsZyJGnW2nOOQyoit3McDuCVh_BiDA83YLpUwpjvq9b1seCNIOn9KGV2_64CNJk6AhsmqsAJQ8Swd92um2Y1uitykwI.h19gcg1Qo79k1tqDibzFp3MLdgIMdD1oxBsGVCaOjz39CGjHzFgM3k8aPbvHNP01vMh70vCgoVzr9nM5Y8vMvvIPSR1htqXUFxfglXoT7lr4cWCfK301Gim9lSS2JH0t4cj_RrSrzblJR4qV_T0TEF205uu2sI8qTdetaVty1ThpMOjvNEeWKLO09KjCk3G0lL0hO66P1yD9woUpSRPhfXp5HAfoPJ12QoGqmGQQ_gE5kePu2_gcqSen40ocyQlIZ9iUC9QlguQY._06iR2WPrvQXKrGltvuippJuB5G.KxpVSG64XVdvWC6550TdQN.wAUuf9jPavJ_lAOeH3BkMB3GZ3k1MSbdEt9AIUh4CGrbjr.9fJ3r5Jp0e5YX1vLqy9YcALr1RvqdgQQwg6Y5UvooY3cT8BgBZ_QMT3Pgrkyy_CEqMSAioKU3U3ZQbBOrbfyvyDlimh75TTbs44aLGF..u6cQ0fy25Z5OrCUVD0RJfEQ5hf2tO5QH2aRKZtV64wb8r7RfVUyX8lFFEm0KlrAMaC64Fqo11SpVihriTCsukwR593_wegVNX4IlZNk69iOtJW3SMagDMC5_TbG3prkwMWLl0IzVrm4q__W2m9wftl3gwLDOL2U8lZlXYTFLt7Dt3VjKovnKMOiK1gDthF7oaRXSAL7UIl3iFMfs._WY1gyEAO_SUj7HvKTZzsZ8_9LG4a1Ba4y4DHC_W5sZ0PH40U1DYl4pJ4JFNJO852Sj7H6DuWKNjaLUVrm.WRn6kDrgxj5vf2SjK3WDFNCdUr0ME5vu6kL.0grUa2mATxL5VDZVzUSihdC0VmQXgj4SIKNmPw4rkrBxn__8f3UA7AgbnY9oV2O6ntSzXqFzS7l5Xnls0bvxC4T8sBoeCCaA7vLaf24.ZyVfnscWxJ1G0zoACIDATbAqqN.zthkMCbhdpkkm2OvIJvwH9iz8xTjjZIgDSttNkefE.z..1ptY7yIhllWjYOZXyJCLq_8U.ULT6RFS0z_Kv8rWrCNRCTDDMs24ZGIfzH7.wUttAbd7TiIC74SoONwDTm0.9zyW.CGYGMPl4wnkyzqo8v0JqGM2HIFHbfHw_YR_LBySl2rDbvNKtUAAOf.iBLAZhrLqvIUOZFqwuhhFonjeN.Jyo7zFcP2GG1IIIvv5BvLllzkFBoZNYGxYCeAsOMc84kjwDKGZuwfNpXgKBiMbJ8F6s4Udw4qHNSy6.vv1KksxM1bZPPCRoO50Gz_HbQm8pi2XcZhZth9SBCD.qerG1usAlywvRvIvapvjgXP73qmBvpHPw1EtgcH50plcWBe_Z.GrUH9_OZQ5MXU3_gSPBTJq8zeCqvWf7abfksF0T.FCGGV3XNaymneABLP3u8nNOIs3STgHrXawuo94qmxkC6lVHPp0hWC5HXdxk44mxNjJM3X.juqCPOUZImU55M2U..PvU5_J1NHUcrT4l0YL4Xr22Nzu_wPfL0oogIGS.9A_W1Fl0srIQw.i2Ru2RyrIKoMct2K1HK6XCBQibF14WBS3HBezqvBbec1d873hkUYYgD9DbDxw5H4LQhnZ4.BGXCMUDnGakqGQBeYvNtWKpkHGSJiJI_s9zm8Rb_SCYG0LHZg3r0Ko6bwJ0LJPNL5FVl2vIICvYyjEOIpQss8iyg4vrQpPO5XYsinmvYjYtMTPtrY9fwqwuQWoD0Tei14070Ex5dxIA5aGrWWIK9c"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134ced1af95895e';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/127136\/sustainable-maintenance-model-for-infrastructure-in-egypt?__cf_chl_rt_tk=IPL_6YJuXUT6WQlBDYrIQ17nSXkdGM7kD2xS4YbVDxA-1739785142-1.0.1.1-PiBNoIJkgk1rYWLuxwP9_D1CM1OgQ50U0tf1DaTWDi0" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>