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Kolónia (geopolitika) – Wikipédia
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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#História"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>História</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-História-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Přepnout podsekci História</span> </button> <ul id="toc-História-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kolonializmus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kolonializmus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Kolonializmus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kolonializmus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dekolonizácia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dekolonizácia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Dekolonizácia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dekolonizácia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Satelitné_štáty_a_protektoráty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Satelitné_štáty_a_protektoráty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Satelitné štáty a protektoráty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Satelitné_štáty_a_protektoráty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatúra" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatúra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Literatúra</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatúra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pozri_aj" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pozri_aj"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Pozri aj</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pozri_aj-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zdroj" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zdroj"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Zdroj</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zdroj-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Obsah" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prepnúť obsah" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prepnúť obsah</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kolónia (geopolitika)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Prejsť na článok v inom jazyku. Je dostupný v 88 jazykoch" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-88" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">88 jazykov</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonie" title="Kolonie – afrikánčina" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kolonie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonie" title="Kolonie – nemčina (švajčiarska)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Kolonie" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="nemčina (švajčiarska)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%85%E1%8A%9D_%E1%8C%8D%E1%8B%9B%E1%89%B5" title="ቅኝ ግዛት – amharčina" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቅኝ ግዛት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="مستعمرة – arabčina" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مستعمرة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonia_alministrativa" title="Colonia alministrativa – astúrčina" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Colonia alministrativa" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astúrčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCst%C9%99ml%C9%99k%C9%99" title="Müstəmləkə – azerbajdžančina" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Müstəmləkə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdžančina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%84%DA%A9%D9%87" title="موستملکه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="موستملکه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Колония – baškirčina" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Колония" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškirčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Калонія – bieloruština" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Калонія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bieloruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F_(%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F)" title="Калёнія (залежная тэрыторыя) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Калёнія (залежная тэрыторыя)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Колония – bulharčina" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Колония" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulharčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6" title="উপনিবেশ – bengálčina" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উপনিবেশ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengálčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trevadenn" title="Trevadenn – bretónčina" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Trevadenn" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretónčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonija_(politika)" title="Kolonija (politika) – bosniačtina" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kolonija (politika)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniačtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Col%C3%B2nia_(divisi%C3%B3_administrativa)" title="Colònia (divisió administrativa) – katalánčina" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Colònia (divisió administrativa)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%84%DB%86%D9%86%DB%8C" title="کۆلۆنی – kurdčina (sorání)" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کۆلۆنی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdčina (sorání)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonie" title="Kolonie – čeština" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kolonie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="čeština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trefedigaeth" title="Trefedigaeth – waleština" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Trefedigaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="waleština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koloni" title="Koloni – dánčina" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Koloni" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonie" title="Kolonie – nemčina" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kolonie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="nemčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Αποικία – gréčtina" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αποικία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gréčtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colony" title="Colony – angličtina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Colony" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angličtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonio" title="Kolonio – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kolonio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonia_administrativa" title="Colonia administrativa – španielčina" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Colonia administrativa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španielčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koloonia" title="Koloonia – estónčina" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Koloonia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estónčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonia_(geografia_politikoa)" title="Kolonia (geografia politikoa) – baskičtina" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kolonia (geografia politikoa)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%87" title="مستعمره – perzština" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مستعمره" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siirtomaa" title="Siirtomaa – fínčina" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Siirtomaa" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fínčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%B5%C3%B5rav%C3%B5imumaa" title="Võõravõimumaa – võruština" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Võõravõimumaa" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonie" title="Colonie – francúzština" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Colonie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francúzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonii" title="Kolonii – severná frízština" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kolonii" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="severná frízština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koloanje" title="Koloanje – západná frízština" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Koloanje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="západná frízština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonia_administrativa" title="Colonia administrativa – galícijčina" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Colonia administrativa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galícijčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94" title="קולוניה – hebrejčina" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קולוניה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6" title="उपनिवेश – hindčina" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="उपनिवेश" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonija" title="Kolonija – chorvátčina" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kolonija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorvátčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koloni" title="Koloni – haitská kreolčina" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Koloni" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitská kreolčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyarmat_(ter%C3%BClet)" title="Gyarmat (terület) – maďarčina" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gyarmat (terület)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maďarčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koloni" title="Koloni – indonézština" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Koloni" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonézština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BDlenda" title="Nýlenda – islandčina" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Nýlenda" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonia_(insediamento)" title="Colonia (insediamento) – taliančina" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Colonia (insediamento)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="taliančina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" title="植民地 – japončina" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="植民地" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japončina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="კოლონია – gruzínčina" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კოლონია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzínčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D2%9B" title="Бодандық – kazaština" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бодандық" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%81" title="ವಸಾಹತು – kannadčina" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಸಾಹತು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannadčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%9D%EB%AF%BC%EC%A7%80" title="식민지 – kórejčina" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="식민지" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="kórejčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolon%C3%AE" title="Kolonî – kurdčina" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kolonî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonia" title="Colonia – latinčina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Colonia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonie_(staotkundeg)" title="Kolonie (staotkundeg) – limburčina" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Kolonie (staotkundeg)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonija_(gyvenviet%C4%97)" title="Kolonija (gyvenvietė) – litovčina" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kolonija (gyvenvietė)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litovčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonija" title="Kolonija – lotyština" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kolonija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lotyština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Колонија – macedónčina" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Колонија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedónčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jajahan" title="Jajahan – malajčina" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jajahan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quel%C3%B3nia" title="Quelónia – mirandčina" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Quelónia" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE" title="ကိုလိုနီ – barmčina" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကိုလိုနီ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="barmčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonie_(staatkundig)" title="Kolonie (staatkundig) – holandčina" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kolonie (staatkundig)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holandčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koloni" title="Koloni – nórčina (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Koloni" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nórčina (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koloni" title="Koloni – nórčina (bokmal)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Koloni" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="nórčina (bokmal)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonia" title="Colonia – okcitánčina" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Colonia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagabaasa" title="Dagabaasa – oromčina" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Dagabaasa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonia" title="Kolonia – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Kolonia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonia_(geografia_polityczna)" title="Kolonia (geografia polityczna) – poľština" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kolonia (geografia polityczna)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poľština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%87" title="مستعمره – paštčina" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مستعمره" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paštčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Col%C3%B3nia" title="Colónia – portugalčina" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Colónia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulunya" title="Kulunya – kečuánčina" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kulunya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kečuánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Колония – ruština" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Колония" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culonia_(nziggiamentu)" title="Culonia (nziggiamentu) – sicílčina" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Culonia (nziggiamentu)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicílčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="نوآبادي – sindhčina" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="نوآبادي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonija" title="Kolonija – srbochorvátčina" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kolonija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srbochorvátčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%B6%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%81%BC%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87" title="ၶူဝ်းလၼီႇ – šančina" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ၶူဝ်းလၼီႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="šančina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colony" title="Colony – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Colony" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonija_(geografija)" title="Kolonija (geografija) – slovinčina" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kolonija (geografija)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovinčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonia" title="Kolonia – albánčina" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kolonia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Колонија – srbčina" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Колонија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srbčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koloni" title="Koloni – švédčina" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Koloni" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švédčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koloni" title="Koloni – swahilčina" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Koloni" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahilčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1" title="อาณานิคม – thajčina" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อาณานิคม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thajčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonya" title="Kolonya – tagalčina" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kolonya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koloni_(siyaset)" title="Koloni (siyaset) – turečtina" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Koloni (siyaset)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Колония – tatárčina" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Колония" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatárčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Колонія – ukrajinčina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Колонія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="نوآبادی – urdčina" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نوآبادی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thu%E1%BB%99c_%C4%91%E1%BB%8Ba" title="Thuộc địa – vietnamčina" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thuộc địa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" title="殖民地 – čínština (wu)" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="殖民地" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="čínština (wu)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skryť</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">z Wikipédie, slobodnej encyklopédie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sk" dir="ltr"><p><b>Kolónia</b> je závislé územie alebo mesto bez vlastnej vlády, ktoré patrí nejakému štátu, ale nie je súčasťou jeho územia. Od kolónií je treba odlišovať <a href="/wiki/Satelitn%C3%BD_%C5%A1t%C3%A1t" title="Satelitný štát">satelitné štáty</a> a <a href="/wiki/Dom%C3%ADnium" title="Domínium">domínia</a> s vlastnou vládou a oficiálne nezávislá, aj keď môžu byť <i>de facto</i> ovládané iným štátom (štáty <a href="/wiki/Rada_vz%C3%A1jomnej_hospod%C3%A1rskej_pomoci" title="Rada vzájomnej hospodárskej pomoci">RVHP</a>). V histórii sa slovom kolónia označovali odlišné formy vzdialeného osídľovania teda <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koloniz%C3%A1cia_(os%C3%ADd%C4%BEovanie)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kolonizácia (osídľovanie) (stránka neexistuje)">kolonizácia</a>. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Colonisation_territorial_changes_from_15th_to_20th_century.ogv/400px--Colonisation_territorial_changes_from_15th_to_20th_century.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="400" height="176" data-durationhint="94" data-mwtitle="Colonisation_territorial_changes_from_15th_to_20th_century.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Colonisation_territorial_changes_from_15th_to_20th_century.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Colonisation_territorial_changes_from_15th_to_20th_century.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora"" data-width="800" data-height="351" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/Colonisation_territorial_changes_from_15th_to_20th_century.ogv/Colonisation_territorial_changes_from_15th_to_20th_century.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="112" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/Colonisation_territorial_changes_from_15th_to_20th_century.ogv/Colonisation_territorial_changes_from_15th_to_20th_century.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="186" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/Colonisation_territorial_changes_from_15th_to_20th_century.ogv/Colonisation_territorial_changes_from_15th_to_20th_century.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="280" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/Colonisation_territorial_changes_from_15th_to_20th_century.ogv/Colonisation_territorial_changes_from_15th_to_20th_century.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="280" /></video></span><figcaption>Animácia postupného vývoja svetových ríš a ich kolónií od 15. do 21. storočia.</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="História"><span id="Hist.C3.B3ria"></span>História</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kol%C3%B3nia_(geopolitika)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Upraviť sekciu: História" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kol%C3%B3nia_(geopolitika)&action=edit&section=1" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce História"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Colonization_1945.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Colonization_1945.png/350px-Colonization_1945.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Colonization_1945.png/525px-Colonization_1945.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Colonization_1945.png/700px-Colonization_1945.png 2x" data-file-width="1438" data-file-height="638" /></a><figcaption>Svetové ríše a ich kolónie v roku 1945.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ako <b>staroveké kolónie</b> sa často označujú zámorské osady, pôvodne zrejme obchodné stanice (<a href="/wiki/Fakt%C3%B3ria_(obchodn%C3%A1_osada)" title="Faktória (obchodná osada)">faktórie</a>), zakladané už <a href="/wiki/Feni%C4%8Dania" title="Feničania">Feničanmi</a> ve Stredomorí (<a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kart%C3%A1go" title="Kartágo">Kartágo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a>). Z niektorých sa neskôr vyvinuli viac menej samostatné mestá, k materskému mestu (<a href="/wiki/Metropola" title="Metropola">metropoli</a>) viazané iba tradíciami, kultúrou a náboženskými väzbami. Mestské kolónie (<i>apoikia</i>) neskôr zakladali počas <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A9cka_koloniz%C3%A1cia" title="Grécka kolonizácia">gréckej kolonizácie</a> prístavné mestá (<a href="/wiki/Korint" title="Korint">Korint</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fira" title="Fira">Théra</a> a iné) z časti aj preto, aby riešili problém preľudnenia. Tak <a href="/wiki/At%C3%A9ny" title="Atény">Atény</a> rozdelovaly losom dobyté územia vojakom, aby sa tam trvalo usadili a hospodárili (<i>klerúchia</i>). Tento druh kolonizácie (z <a href="/wiki/Latin%C4%8Dina" title="Latinčina">lat.</a> <i>colonus</i>, usadlý poľnohospodár, osadník) neskôr praktikovali taktiež <a href="/wiki/Starovek%C3%BD_R%C3%ADm" title="Staroveký Rím">Rimania</a> najprv v Taliansku a potom aj v západnej Európe. Od názvu „<i>colonia</i>“ sa odvodzuje napríklad názov <a href="/wiki/Kol%C3%ADn_nad_R%C3%BDnom" title="Kolín nad Rýnom">Kolín nad Rýnom</a>. </p><p>Iný význam mala <b>stredoveká kolonizácia</b>, keď panovníci menej zaľudnených krajín strednej a východnej Európy ponúkali osadníkom z preľudnenej západnej Európy (<a href="/wiki/Por%C3%BDnie" title="Porýnie">Porýnie</a> ai.) pôdu pre poľnohospodárstvo a hlavne pre zakladanie miest, ktoré pre nich znamenali veľké príjmy. Přemyslovská kolonizácia českých krajín v 12. – 14. storočí spolu s ťažbou striebra založila moc českých kráľov a názov <a href="/wiki/Kol%C3%ADn" title="Kolín">Kolín</a> je odvodený z latinského <i>colonia</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kolonializmus">Kolonializmus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kol%C3%B3nia_(geopolitika)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Upraviť sekciu: Kolonializmus" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kol%C3%B3nia_(geopolitika)&action=edit&section=2" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Kolonializmus"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Colonisation_1550.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Colonisation_1550.png/350px-Colonisation_1550.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Colonisation_1550.png/525px-Colonisation_1550.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Colonisation_1550.png/700px-Colonisation_1550.png 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="1578" /></a><figcaption>Svetové ríše a ich kolónie v roku 1550.</figcaption></figure> <p>Kolónie v modernom význame zámorských „dŕžav“ ako vzdialených území, ktoré „materská“ krajina obsadí, trvalo ovláda svojimi úradníkmi a hospodársky vyťažuje, vznikli až v 15. storočí. V roku 1415 dobyli Portugalčania <a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceutu</a>, 1420 <a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeiru</a> a 1427 <a href="/wiki/Azory" title="Azory">Azory</a>, okolo roku 1450 dosiahli pobrežie dnešnej <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a> a <a href="/wiki/Guinejsk%C3%BD_z%C3%A1liv" title="Guinejský záliv">Guinejský záliv</a> a na Madeire sa začala pestovať <a href="/wiki/Trstina_cukrov%C3%A1" title="Trstina cukrová">cukrová trstina</a>. V roku 1488 oboplával <a href="/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama">Vasco da Gama</a> <a href="/wiki/Mys_Dobrej_n%C3%A1deje" class="mw-redirect" title="Mys Dobrej nádeje">Mys Dobrej nádeje</a> a na ďalšej ceste doplával v roku 1498 do <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indie</a>. V roku 1500 objavil <a href="/wiki/Pedro_%C3%81lvares_Cabral" title="Pedro Álvares Cabral">Pedro Álvares Cabral</a> <a href="/wiki/Braz%C3%ADlia" title="Brazília">Brazíliu</a>, 1505 dorazili Portugalčania na <a href="/wiki/Cejl%C3%B3n" title="Cejlón">Cejlón</a>, 1513 do južnej Číny, 1553 založili <a href="/wiki/Macao" title="Macao">Macao</a> a 1570 japonské <a href="/wiki/Nagasaki" title="Nagasaki">Nagasaki</a>. </p><p>Medzitým objavil <a href="/wiki/Kri%C5%A1tof_Kolumbus" title="Krištof Kolumbus">Krištof Kolumbus</a> v roku 1492 pre <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0panielsko" title="Španielsko">Španielsko</a> <a href="/wiki/Stredn%C3%A1_Amerika" title="Stredná Amerika">Strednú Ameriku</a> a v 1494 si Španieli s Portugalcami v <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tordesillas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tordesillas (stránka neexistuje)">Tordesillas</a> rozdelili sféry vplyvu <a href="/wiki/Poludn%C3%ADk" title="Poludník">poludníkom</a>, prebiehajúcim 1560 km západne od <a href="/wiki/Kapverdy" title="Kapverdy">Kapverdských ostrovov</a>. Už v 15. storočí sa na zámorskom obchode podieľali aj holandskí plavci a po získaní samostatnosti v roku 1581 sa vydali po portugalských stopách do Indie. V roku 1597 sa vrátila prvá výprava z <a href="/wiki/Moluky" title="Moluky">Moluk</a> s nákladom čierneho korenia a v roku 1602 bola založená <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zjednoten%C3%A1_V%C3%BDchodoindick%C3%A1_spolo%C4%8Dnos%C5%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zjednotená Východoindická spoločnosť (stránka neexistuje)">holandská Východoindická spoločnosť</a>, v roku 1619 dobyli Holanďania <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakartu</a> a postupne vytláčali Portugalčanov z ich pozícií. V 1638 obsadili ostrov <a href="/wiki/Maur%C3%ADcius" title="Maurícius">Maurícius</a>, v 1639 prevzali obchod s <a href="/wiki/Japonsko" title="Japonsko">Japonskom</a> a nakrátko ovládli aj prístavy v Brazílii, v <a href="/wiki/Karibik" title="Karibik">Karibiku</a> a v <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angole</a>. Okolo roku 1650 bol obchod s cukrovou trstinou aj s otrokmi v holandských rukách a v roku 1652 sa Holanďania usadili v južnej Afrike. Už v roku 1614 vznikla prvá holandská osada v <a href="/wiki/Severn%C3%A1_Amerika" title="Severná Amerika">Severnej Ameriku</a> a v roku 1643 v južnom <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cile" title="Čile">Čile</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Colonisation_1800.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Colonisation_1800.png/350px-Colonisation_1800.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Colonisation_1800.png/525px-Colonisation_1800.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Colonisation_1800.png/700px-Colonisation_1800.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption>Svetové ríše a ich kolónie v roku 1800.</figcaption></figure> <p>Francúzski moreplavci sa dostali k pobrežiu <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland" title="Newfoundland">Newfoundlandu</a> už začiatkom 16. storočia, 1553 sa snažili zachytiť v Brazílii, 1562 na <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Floride</a>, ale až v roku 1605 sa trvalo usadili v <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanade</a> a v roku 1609 založili mesto <a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec" class="mw-redirect" title="Québec">Quebec</a>. Ovládali obrovské, ale málo zaľudnené územie a pretože Francúzi sa do zámoria príliš nehrnuli, obchodovali hlavne s kožušinami a udržovali dobré styky s Indiánmi. V roku 1624 založili osady v <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%BAzska_Guyana" title="Francúzska Guyana">Francúzsku Guyanu</a> a ďalšie ostrovné kolónie v Karibiku (San Domingo, dnešné <a href="/wiki/Haiti" class="mw-disambig" title="Haiti">Haiti</a>, 1664) a v roku 1699 mesto <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a> v Severnej Amerike. Menšie osady mali aj v Indii, v roku 1664 obsadili ostrov <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a> a 1713 <a href="/wiki/Maur%C3%ADcius" title="Maurícius">Maurícius</a>. Počas vojen v 18. storočí v Európe však o mnoho svojich osád prišli a stratili aj vplyv v Severnej Amerike, kde bolo omnoho viac anglických kolonistov. </p><p>Taktiež Anglicko, ktoré sa neskôr stalo hlavnou koloniálnou mocnosťou, vstúpilo do kolonizácie až neskôr. Už v roku 1497 síce <a href="/wiki/John_Cabot" title="John Cabot">John Cabot</a> v anglických službách doplával na pobrežie Newfoundlandu, anglickí moreplavci sa však dlho uspokojili len s pirátskymi útokmi na španielske lode. Až v roku 1607 založili kolóniu v <a href="/wiki/Jamestown_(Virg%C3%ADnia)" title="Jamestown (Virgínia)">Jamestowne</a> (<a href="/wiki/Virg%C3%ADnia" title="Virgínia">Virgínia</a>), v roku 1625 sa úspešne usadili v Karibiku, kde založili trstinové plantáže. Až do zákazu obchodu s otrokmi v roku 1807 doviezli Angličania do Karibiku asi tretinu všetkých afrických otrokov v Amerike. V roku 1634 založili prenasledovaní katolíci kolóniu <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a> a v roku 1655 dobyli Angličania <a href="/wiki/Jamajka" title="Jamajka">Jamajku</a>. V roku 1655 rozhodol parlament o anglickom monopole na dopravu tovaru z anglických kolónií a v roku 1664 dobyli angličania dnešný <a href="/wiki/New_York_(mesto)" title="New York (mesto)">New York</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Colonisation_1914.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Colonisation_1914.png/350px-Colonisation_1914.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Colonisation_1914.png/525px-Colonisation_1914.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Colonisation_1914.png/700px-Colonisation_1914.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption>Svetové ríše a ich kolónie v roku 1914.</figcaption></figure> <p>Už v roku 1600 bola založená <a href="/w/index.php?title=Britsk%C3%A1_V%C3%BDchodoindick%C3%A1_spolo%C4%8Dnos%C5%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Britská Východoindická spoločnosť (stránka neexistuje)">Východoindická spoločnosť</a>, ktorá sa snažila ovládnuť obchod s korením, čo sa jej neskôr v spolupráci s Holanďanmi podarilo. Po bitke pri Plassey v roku 1757 Briti ovládli <a href="/w/index.php?title=Beng%C3%A1lsko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bengálsko (stránka neexistuje)">Bengálsko</a> a počas nasledujúcich sto rokov celú Indiu, najcennejšiu zo svojich kolónií. Po Americkej revolúcii v roku 1775 sa Briti sústredili na Kanadu a zároveň hľadali, kam vyvážať svojich trestancov. Dnešnú <a href="/wiki/Austr%C3%A1lia" class="mw-disambig" title="Austrália">Austráliu</a> objavili Holanďania v roku 1606, ale až v roku 1770 ju <a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">James Cook</a> vyhlásil spolu s <a href="/wiki/Nov%C3%BD_Z%C3%A9land" title="Nový Zéland">Novým Zélandom</a> za britskú kolónii. V roku 1795 Briti obsadili <a href="/w/index.php?title=Holandsk%C3%A1_koloni%C3%A1lna_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Holandská koloniálna ríša (stránka neexistuje)">holandské kolónie</a> v Južnej Afrike, ich panstvo sa ďalej rozšírilo po <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_I." class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon I.">Napoleonovej</a> porážke v roku 1814 a vynálezy parníku a telegrafu ich posilnili. Okrem vlastných kolónií, ktoré na vrchole britskej moci v roku 1922 tvorili asi štvrtinu všetkých pevnín s takmer štvrtinou ľudstva, mohli Briti ovládať aj hospodárstva <a href="/wiki/%C4%8C%C3%ADna" title="Čína">Číny</a>, <a href="/wiki/Argent%C3%ADna" title="Argentína">Argentíny</a> a ďalších krajín. Proti <a href="/wiki/Rusko" title="Rusko">Ruskej</a> expanzii ve Strednej Ázii sa Briti 1839 pokúsili obsadiť <a href="/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan">Afganistan</a> a po Ruskom postupe na <a href="/wiki/Balk%C3%A1n" class="mw-disambig" title="Balkán">Balkán</a> vyvolali <a href="/wiki/Krymsk%C3%A1_vojna" title="Krymská vojna">Krymskú vojnu</a>, ktorú v roku 1856 vyhrali. </p><p>Belgický kráľ <a href="/wiki/Leopold_II._(Belgicko)" title="Leopold II. (Belgicko)">Leopold II.</a> začal skúmať možnosti koloniálnej expanzie v Afrike od roku 1865 a v roku 1884 vznikol Konžský štát ako jeho súkromné vlastníctvo, ktoré v roku 1907 previedol na belgický štát. Krajina získala nezávislosť v roku 1960. Ako posledné z európskych mocností sa do koloniálnej expanzie zapojilo Nemecko. Okrem mnohých drobných osád v rôznych častiach sveta, ktoré Nemci osídlili už v 18. storočí, zmocnili sa v rokoch 1883 – 1890 troch veľkých území v Afrike a mnohých ostrovov v Tichom oceáne (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nemeck%C3%A1_Nov%C3%A1_Guinea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nemecká Nová Guinea (stránka neexistuje)">Nemecká Nová Guinea</a> a <a href="/wiki/Samoa" class="mw-disambig" title="Samoa">Samoa</a>). Tieto kolónie sa v roku 1922 stali <a href="/wiki/Protektor%C3%A1t" title="Protektorát">protektorátmi</a> Británie a Francúzska. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dekolonizácia"><span id="Dekoloniz.C3.A1cia"></span>Dekolonizácia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kol%C3%B3nia_(geopolitika)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Upraviť sekciu: Dekolonizácia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kol%C3%B3nia_(geopolitika)&action=edit&section=3" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Dekolonizácia"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint"><i>Bližšie informácie v hlavnom článku: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dekoloniz%C3%A1cia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dekolonizácia (stránka neexistuje)">Dekolonizácia</a></i></div></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Colonisation_1974.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Colonisation_1974.png/350px-Colonisation_1974.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Colonisation_1974.png/525px-Colonisation_1974.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Colonisation_1974.png/700px-Colonisation_1974.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption>Svetové ríše a ich kolónie v roku 1974.</figcaption></figure> <p>Britské kolónie, osídlené belošskými kolonistami, získali v 19. storočí štatút <a href="/wiki/Dom%C3%ADnium" title="Domínium">domínia</a> (Kanada 1867, Austrália 1901), ale také Írsko sa samostatnosti domohlo až v roku 1921, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> v 1922 a ostatné „farebné“ kolónie až po <a href="/wiki/Druh%C3%A1_svetov%C3%A1_vojna" title="Druhá svetová vojna">druhej svetovej vojne</a>, v ktorej sa koloniálne armády významne podieľali na víťazstve spojencov (<a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> a <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> 1947, <a href="/wiki/Izrael" title="Izrael">Izrael</a> 1948, <a href="/wiki/Malajzia" title="Malajzia">Malajzia</a> 1957, <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> 1960 atď.) Podobne tomu bolo aj s francúzskymi kolóniami, ktoré získali samostatnosť v 60. a 70. rokoch 20. storočia. Zbytky niekdajšej koloniálnej ríše tvoria dnešné britské „Zámorské územia“ (<a href="/wiki/Normansk%C3%A9_ostrovy" title="Normanské ostrovy">Normanské ostrovy</a> v <a href="/wiki/Laman%C5%A1sk%C3%BD_prieliv" title="Lamanšský prieliv">Lamanšskom prielive</a>, mnoho ostrovov v Karibiku, v <a href="/wiki/Atlantick%C3%BD_oce%C3%A1n" title="Atlantický oceán">Atlantickom oceáne</a>, ostrov <a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_(ostrov)" title="Pitcairn (ostrov)">Pitcairn</a> v Pacifiku a teritórium v <a href="/wiki/Antarkt%C3%ADda" title="Antarktída">Antarktíde</a>). Francúzske „Zámorské územia a domínia“ (DOM/TOM) tvoria <a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%BAzska_Guyana" title="Francúzska Guyana">Francúzska Guyana</a> a ostrovy v Atlantickom (<a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a> a <a href="/wiki/Martinik" title="Martinik">Martinik</a>) a v Indickom oceáne (<a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a>). Podobné zbytky koloniálnych ríš, často ako prístavné a vojenské oporné body má taktiež Holandsko, Španielsko, USA a niekoľko ďalších krajín. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Satelitné_štáty_a_protektoráty"><span id="Satelitn.C3.A9_.C5.A1t.C3.A1ty_a_protektor.C3.A1ty"></span>Satelitné štáty a protektoráty</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kol%C3%B3nia_(geopolitika)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Upraviť sekciu: Satelitné štáty a protektoráty" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kol%C3%B3nia_(geopolitika)&action=edit&section=4" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Satelitné štáty a protektoráty"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Medzi samostatnými štátmi a kolóniami v pravom slova zmysle, ktoré žiadnu samostatnosť ani nepredstierajú, je celá kopa prechodných foriem medzinárodne politického usporiadania. Najmenšiu mieru samostatnosti majú <a href="/wiki/Protektor%C3%A1t" title="Protektorát">protektoráty</a>, vzniknuté väčšinou počas vojnových konfliktov a obvykle skôr prechodné. Príkladom môže byť <a href="/wiki/Protektor%C3%A1t_%C4%8Cechy_a_Morava" title="Protektorát Čechy a Morava">Protektorát Čechy a Morava</a> v rokoch 1939–1945. Väčšiu samostatnosť s vlastnou – aj keď len s bábkovou – vládou a parlamentom majú <a href="/wiki/Satelitn%C3%BD_%C5%A1t%C3%A1t" title="Satelitný štát">satelitné štáty</a>, ako bol <a href="/wiki/Slovensk%C3%A1_republika_(1939_%E2%80%93_1945)" title="Slovenská republika (1939 – 1945)">Slovenský štát</a> počas vojny alebo satelitné štáty Sovietskeho zväzu po vojne. Veľká miera autonómie charakterizuje domínia, takmer úplne samostatné štáty s vlastnou vládou aj zahraničnou reprezentáciou, vzniknuté počas dekolonizácie. Na druhej straně aj úplne samostatné štáty sú v dnešnom globalizovanom svete často na iných, mocnejších a silnejších štátoch rôzne závislé, prinajmenšom hospodársky. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatúra"><span id="Literat.C3.BAra"></span>Literatúra</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kol%C3%B3nia_(geopolitika)&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Upraviť sekciu: Literatúra" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kol%C3%B3nia_(geopolitika)&action=edit&section=5" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Literatúra"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Ottův slovník naučný</i>, heslo Kolonie. Sv. 14, str. 588</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pozri_aj">Pozri aj</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kol%C3%B3nia_(geopolitika)&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Upraviť sekciu: Pozri aj" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kol%C3%B3nia_(geopolitika)&action=edit&section=6" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Pozri aj"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dekoloniz%C3%A1cia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dekolonizácia (stránka neexistuje)">Dekolonizácia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dom%C3%ADnium" title="Domínium">Domínium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolonializmus" title="Kolonializmus">Kolonializmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koloniz%C3%A1cia" class="mw-disambig" title="Kolonizácia">Kolonizácia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neokolonializmus" title="Neokolonializmus">Neokolonializmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protektor%C3%A1t" title="Protektorát">Protektorát</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satelitn%C3%BD_%C5%A1t%C3%A1t" title="Satelitný štát">Satelitný štát</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zdroj">Zdroj</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kol%C3%B3nia_(geopolitika)&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Upraviť sekciu: Zdroj" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kol%C3%B3nia_(geopolitika)&action=edit&section=7" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Zdroj"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="plainlinks"><i>Tento článok je čiastočný alebo úplný preklad článku <a class="external text" href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonie?oldid=22537903">Kolonie</a> na českej Wikipédii.</i></span> </p> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.codfw.main‐d758489cf‐nt4wk Cached time: 20241031230127 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.068 seconds Real time usage: 0.102 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 268/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 703/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 118/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 9/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.019/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 937460/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 46.437 1 -total 91.31% 42.403 1 Šablóna:Preklad 5.98% 2.775 1 Šablóna:Preklad/článok 4.81% 2.234 1 Šablóna:Hlavný_článok 3.18% 1.475 3 Šablóna:-- --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key skwiki:pcache:idhash:711788-0!canonical and timestamp 20241031230127 and revision id 7829671. 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