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More info on \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Translation\" title=\"Special:MyLanguage/Help:Translation\"\u003Ethis page\u003C/a\u003E.\u003C/font\u003E\n\u003C/th\u003E\u003C/tr\u003E\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Alveolata</span></h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body"> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikispecies</div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="contentSub2"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav"></div> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#mw-head">Jump to navigation</a> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#searchInput">Jump to search</a> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paramecium.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Paramecium.jpg/300px-Paramecium.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Paramecium.jpg/450px-Paramecium.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Paramecium.jpg/600px-Paramecium.jpg 2x" data-file-width="751" data-file-height="738" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Paramecium" title="Paramecium">Paramecium</a> (phyla <a href="/wiki/Ciliophora" title="Ciliophora">Ciliophora</a>)</i></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonavigation">Taxonavigation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alveolata&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Taxonavigation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Superregnum: <a href="/wiki/Eukaryota" title="Eukaryota">Eukaryota</a><br /> Cladus: <a href="/wiki/Diaphoretickes" class="mw-redirect" title="Diaphoretickes">Diaphoretickes</a><br /> Cladus: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tsar (page does not exist)">Tsar</a><br /> Cladus: <a href="/wiki/Sar" title="Sar">Sar</a><br /> Infraregnum: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alveolata</a> <br /> Phyla: <a href="/wiki/Ciliophora" title="Ciliophora">Ciliophora</a> - <a href="/wiki/Myzozoa" title="Myzozoa">Myzozoa</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alveolata&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alveolata <span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname">Cavalier-Smith</span></span>, 1991 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alveolata&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cavalier-Smith" title="Thomas Cavalier-Smith">Cavalier-Smith, T.</a></span></span> 1991. Cell diversification in heterotrophic flagellates. In: <span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname">D.J. Patterson & J. Larsen</span></span> (eds.), <i>The Biology of Free-living Heterotrophic Flagellates</i>. Oxford University Press, pp. 113-131.</li> <li><span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cavalier-Smith" title="Thomas Cavalier-Smith">Cavalier-Smith T.</a></span></span> 2003. Protist phylogeny and the high-level classification of Protozoa. <i><a href="/wiki/ISSN_0932-4739" title="ISSN 0932-4739">European Journal of Protistology</a></i> 39: 338–348. <span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="extiw" title="w:Digital object identifier">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1078%2F0932-4739-00002">10.1078/0932-4739-00002</a></span> <a href="/wiki/Template:Cavalier-Smith,_2003a" title="Template:Cavalier-Smith, 2003a">Reference page</a>. </li> <li><span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cavalier-Smith" title="Thomas Cavalier-Smith">Cavalier-Smith, T.</a></span></span> & <span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/wiki/Ema_E-Yung_Chao" title="Ema E-Yung Chao">Chao, E.E.-Y.</a></span></span> 2004. Protalveolate phylogeny and systematics and the origins of Sporozoa and dinoflagellates (phylum Myzozoa nom. nov.). <i><a href="/wiki/ISSN_0932-4739" title="ISSN 0932-4739">European Journal of Protistology</a></i> 40(3): 185–212. <span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="extiw" title="w:Digital object identifier">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ejop.2004.01.002">10.1016/j.ejop.2004.01.002</a></span> <a href="/wiki/Template:Cavalier-Smith_%26_Chao,_2004" title="Template:Cavalier-Smith & Chao, 2004">Reference page</a>. </li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Links">Links</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alveolata&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7;color:#202122}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent;color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Taxon_identifiers" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" class="extiw" title="en:Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikidata" class="extiw" title="en:Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q448746" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q448746">Q448746</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/BioLib" title="BioLib">BioLib</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id305411">305411</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" class="extiw" title="en:Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/10460533">10460533</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossilworks" class="extiw" title="en:Fossilworks">Fossilworks</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/0/http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=212594">212594</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" class="extiw" title="en:Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=11904994">11904994</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" class="extiw" title="en:National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=33630">33630</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" class="extiw" title="en:World Register of Marine Species">WoRMS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=536209">536209</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vernacular_names">Vernacular names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alveolata&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Vernacular names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="padding:0 10px; -moz-column-count: 2; -moz-column-gap: 40px; -moz-column-rule: 1px solid #aaa; -webkit-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-gap: 40px; -webkit-column-rule: 1px solid #aaa; column-count: 2; column-gap: 40px; column-rule: 1px solid #aaa; border:1px solid #aaa; background:#f9f9f9; font-size:90%"><b>English:</b> Alveolates<br /><b>eesti:</b> Alveolaadid<br /><b>français:</b> Alvéolés<br /><b>中文:</b> 囊泡下界<br /></div> <p><br /> </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Taxonavigation"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Taxonavigation</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Name"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Name</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Links"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Links</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Vernacular_names"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Vernacular names</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Alternative_classifications"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Alternative classifications</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Hausmann_et_al._(2003)"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Hausmann et al. (2003)</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Adl_et_al._(2012)"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Adl et al. (2012)</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Ruggiero_et_al._(2015)"><span class="tocnumber">5.3</span> <span class="toctext">Ruggiero et al. (2015)</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alternative_classifications">Alternative classifications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alveolata&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Alternative classifications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hausmann_et_al._(2003)"><span id="Hausmann_et_al._.282003.29"></span>Hausmann et al. (2003)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alveolata&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Hausmann et al. (2003)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From Hausmann, K., N. Hulsmann, R. Radek. <i>Protistology</i>. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchshandlung, Stuttgart, 2003. </p><p>Empire <a href="/wiki/Eukaryota" title="Eukaryota">Eukaryota</a> Chatton, 1925 (= Eukarya) </p> <ul><li>Phylum <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alveolata</a> Cavalier-Smith, 1992 <ul><li>Subphylum <a href="/wiki/Dinoflagellata" title="Dinoflagellata">Dinoflagellata</a> Bütschli, 1885 (Dinozoa, Dinophyta) <ul><li>Class Diniferea</li> <li>Class Syndinea</li></ul></li> <li>Subphylum <a href="/wiki/Perkinsozoa" title="Perkinsozoa">Perkinsozoa</a> Noreen et al. 1999 <ul><li>Family Colpodellidae Simpson & Patterson, 1996</li></ul></li> <li>Subphylum <a href="/wiki/Apicomplexa" title="Apicomplexa">Apicomplexa</a> Levine,1970 <ul><li>Class Gregarinea Dufour, 1828</li> <li>Class Coccidea Leukart, 1879 <ul><li>Order Agamococcida Levine, 1979</li> <li>Order Protococcida Kheisin, 1956 (Coelotrophida)</li> <li>Order Adeleida Leger, 1911</li> <li>Order Eimeriida Leger, 1911</li></ul></li> <li>Class Haematozoea Vivier, 1982 <ul><li>Order Haemosporida Danilewsky, 1885</li> <li>Order Piroplasmida Wenyon, 1926</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Subphylum <a href="/wiki/Ciliophora" title="Ciliophora">Ciliophora</a> Doflein, 1901 <ul><li>Superclass Postciliodesmatophora Gerassimova & Seravin, 1976</li> <li>Superclass Intramacronucleata Lynn, 1996</li></ul></li> <li>Subphylum <a href="/wiki/Haplospora" title="Haplospora">Haplospora</a> Caulery & Mesnil, 1889</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adl_et_al._(2012)"><span id="Adl_et_al._.282012.29"></span>Adl et al. (2012)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alveolata&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Adl et al. (2012)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/wiki/Sina_M._Adl" title="Sina M. Adl">Adl, S.M.</a></span></span>, <span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/wiki/Alastair_Geoffrey_Brinley_Simpson" title="Alastair Geoffrey Brinley Simpson">Simpson, A.G.B.</a></span></span>, <span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_E._Lane" title="Christopher E. Lane">Lane, C.E.</a></span></span>, <span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/wiki/Julius_Luke%C5%A1" title="Julius Lukeš">Lukeš, J.</a></span></span>, <span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/wiki/David_Bass" title="David Bass">Bass, D.</a></span></span>, <span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_S._Bowser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel S. Bowser (page does not exist)">Bowser, S.S.</a></span></span>, <span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/wiki/Matthew_W._Brown" title="Matthew W. Brown">Brown, M.W.</a></span></span>, <span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fabien_Burki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fabien Burki (page does not exist)">Burki, F.</a></span></span>, <span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Micah_Dunthorn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Micah Dunthorn (page does not exist)">Dunthorn, M.</a></span></span>, <span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Hampl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vladimir Hampl (page does not exist)">Hampl, V.</a></span></span>, <span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aaron_Heiss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aaron Heiss (page does not exist)">Heiss, A.</a></span></span>, <span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mona_Hoppenrath&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mona Hoppenrath (page does not exist)">Hoppenrath, M.</a></span></span>, <span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enrique_Lara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enrique Lara (page does not exist)">Lara, E.</a></span></span>, <span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/wiki/Line_Le_Gall" title="Line Le Gall">Le Gall, L.</a></span></span>, <span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denis_H._Lynn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Denis H. Lynn (page does not exist)">Lynn, D.H.</a></span></span>, <span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hilary_McManus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hilary McManus (page does not exist)">McManus, H.</a></span></span>, <span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_A.D._Mitchell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward A.D. Mitchell (page does not exist)">Mitchell, E.A.D.</a></span></span>, <span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sharon_E._Mozley-Stanridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sharon E. Mozley-Stanridge (page does not exist)">Mozley-Stanridge, S.E.</a></span></span>, <span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laura_W._Parfrey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laura W. Parfrey (page does not exist)">Parfrey, L.W.</a></span></span>, <span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/wiki/Jan_Pawlowski" title="Jan Pawlowski">Pawlowski, J.</a></span></span>, <span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sonja_Rueckert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sonja Rueckert (page does not exist)">Rueckert, S.</a></span></span>, <span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laura_Shadwick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laura Shadwick (page does not exist)">Shadwick, L.</a></span></span>, <span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/wiki/Conrad_Lamoraal_Schoch" title="Conrad Lamoraal Schoch">Schoch, C.L.</a></span></span>, <span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/wiki/Alexey_Valerievich_Smirnov" title="Alexey Valerievich Smirnov">Smirnow, A.</a></span></span> & <span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_W._Spiegel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederick W. Spiegel (page does not exist)">Spiegel, F.W.</a></span></span> 2012. The revised classification of eukaryotes. <i><a href="/wiki/ISSN_1066-5234" title="ISSN 1066-5234">Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology</a></i> 59(5): 429–514. <span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="extiw" title="w:Digital object identifier">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1550-7408.2012.00644.x">10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00644.x</a></span> <span style="position:relative; top: -1px; display: inline-block;text-align: center;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Open access"><img alt="Open access" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/11px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/17px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/23px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span>. [Erratum: 60(3): 321. <span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="extiw" title="w:Digital object identifier">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fjeu.12033">10.1111/jeu.12033</a></span> <span style="position:relative; top: -1px; display: inline-block;text-align: center;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Open access"><img alt="Open access" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/11px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/17px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/23px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span>.] <a href="/wiki/Template:Adl_et_al.,_2012" title="Template:Adl et al., 2012">Reference page</a>. </li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Eukaryota" title="Eukaryota">Eukaryota</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sar" title="Sar">Sar</a> Burki et al., 2008 (R) <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alveolata</a> Cavalier-Smith 1991 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protalveolata" title="Protalveolata">Protalveolata</a> Cavalier-Smith 1991, emend. Adl et al. 2012 (P) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chromerida" title="Chromerida">Chromerida</a> Moore et al. 2008 (P?) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chromera" title="Chromera">Chromera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vitrella" title="Vitrella">Vitrella</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colpodellida" title="Colpodellida">Colpodellida</a> Cavalier-Smith 1993, emend. Adl et al. 2005 (P?) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Alphamonas" title="Alphamonas">Alphamonas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colpodella" title="Colpodella">Colpodella</a>, <a href="/wiki/Voromonas" title="Voromonas">Voromonas</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perkinsidae" title="Perkinsidae">Perkinsidae</a> Levine 1978, emend. Adl et al. 2005 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Parvilucifera" title="Parvilucifera">Parvilucifera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perkinsus" title="Perkinsus">Perkinsus</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oxyrrhis" title="Oxyrrhis">Oxyrrhis</a></i> Dujardin 1841 (<a href="/wiki/Oxyrrhinaceae" title="Oxyrrhinaceae">Oxyrrhinaceae</a> Sournia 1984) (M)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syndiniales" title="Syndiniales">Syndiniales</a> Loeblich III 1976 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Amoebophrya" title="Amoebophrya">Amoebophrya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duboscquella" title="Duboscquella">Duboscquella</a>, <a href="/wiki/Merodinium" title="Merodinium">Merodinium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syndinium" title="Syndinium">Syndinium</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinoflagellata" title="Dinoflagellata">Dinoflagellata</a> Bütschli 1885, emend. Fensome et al. 1993, emend. Adl et al. 2005 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Noctilucales" title="Noctilucales">Noctilucales</a> Haeckel 1894 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Noctiluciphyceae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Noctiluciphyceae (page does not exist)">Noctiluciphyceae</a> Fensome et al. 1993) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Abedinium" title="Abedinium">Abedinium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cachonodinium" title="Cachonodinium">Cachonodinium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Craspedotella" title="Craspedotella">Craspedotella</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cymbodinium" title="Cymbodinium">Cymbodinium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kofoidinium" title="Kofoidinium">Kofoidinium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leptodiscus" title="Leptodiscus">Leptodiscus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Noctiluca" title="Noctiluca">Noctiluca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Petalodinium" title="Petalodinium">Petalodinium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pomatodinium" title="Pomatodinium">Pomatodinium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scaphodinium" title="Scaphodinium">Scaphodinium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spatulodinium" title="Spatulodinium">Spatulodinium</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinophyceae" title="Dinophyceae">Dinophyceae</a> Pascher 1914 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gymnodiniphycidae" title="Gymnodiniphycidae">Gymnodiniphycidae</a> Fensome et al. 1993 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gymnodinium" title="Gymnodinium">Gymnodinium</a></i> F. Stein 1878, emend. G. Hansen & Moestrup in Daugbjerg et al. 2000 <i>sensu stricto</i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dissodinium" class="mw-redirect" title="Dissodinium">Dissodinium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gymnodinium" title="Gymnodinium">Gymnodinium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lepidodinium" title="Lepidodinium">Lepidodinium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nematodinium" title="Nematodinium">Nematodinium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polykrikos" title="Polykrikos">Polykrikos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Proterythropsis" title="Proterythropsis">Proterythropsis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warnowia" title="Warnowia">Warnowia</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amphidinium" title="Amphidinium">Amphidinium</a></i> Claparède & Lachmann 1859, emend. Flø Jørgensen et al. 2004 <i>sensu stricto</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gyrodinium" title="Gyrodinium">Gyrodinium</a></i> Kofoid & Swezy 1921, emend. G. Hansen & Moestrup in Daugbjerg et al. 2000 <i>sensu stricto</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kareniaceae" title="Kareniaceae">Kareniaceae</a> Bergholtz et al. 2005 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Brachidinium" title="Brachidinium">Brachidinium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karenia" class="mw-disambig" title="Karenia">Karenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karlodinium" title="Karlodinium">Karlodinium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Takayama" title="Takayama">Takayama</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ptychodiscales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ptychodiscales (page does not exist)">Ptychodiscales</a> Fensome et al. 1993 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Achradina" title="Achradina">Achradina</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amphitolus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amphitolus (page does not exist)">Amphitolus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Balechina" title="Balechina">Balechina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ptychodiscus" title="Ptychodiscus">Ptychodiscus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sclerodinium" title="Sclerodinium">Sclerodinium</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borghiellaceae" title="Borghiellaceae">Borghiellaceae</a> Moestrup et al. 2009 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Baldinia" title="Baldinia">Baldinia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Borghiella" title="Borghiella">Borghiella</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tovelliaceae" title="Tovelliaceae">Tovelliaceae</a> Moestrup et al. 2005 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bernardinium" title="Bernardinium">Bernardinium</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Esopotrodinium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esopotrodinium (page does not exist)">Esopotrodinium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jadwigia" title="Jadwigia">Jadwigia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tovellia" title="Tovellia">Tovellia</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suessiaceae" title="Suessiaceae">Suessiaceae</a> Fensome et al. 1993, emend. Moestrup et al. 2009 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Biecheleria" title="Biecheleria">Biecheleria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polarella" title="Polarella">Polarella</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protodinium" title="Protodinium">Protodinium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Symbiodinium" title="Symbiodinium">Symbiodinium</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peridiniphycidae" title="Peridiniphycidae">Peridiniphycidae</a> Fensome et al. 1993 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gonyaulacales" title="Gonyaulacales">Gonyaulacales</a> Taylor 1980 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Alexandrium" title="Alexandrium">Alexandrium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amylax" title="Amylax">Amylax</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ceratium" class="mw-disambig" title="Ceratium">Ceratium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coolia" title="Coolia">Coolia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fragilidium" title="Fragilidium">Fragilidium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gambierdiscus" title="Gambierdiscus">Gambierdiscus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goniodoma" class="mw-disambig" title="Goniodoma">Goniodoma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gonyaulax" title="Gonyaulax">Gonyaulax</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lingulodinium" title="Lingulodinium">Lingulodinium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ostreopsis" title="Ostreopsis">Ostreopsis</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peridinella&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peridinella (page does not exist)">Peridinella</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protoceratium" title="Protoceratium">Protoceratium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pyrocystis" title="Pyrocystis">Pyrocystis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pyrophacus" title="Pyrophacus">Pyrophacus</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peridiniales" title="Peridiniales">Peridiniales</a> Haeckel 1894 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Amphidiniopsis" title="Amphidiniopsis">Amphidiniopsis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archaeperidinium" title="Archaeperidinium">Archaeperidinium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blastodinium" title="Blastodinium">Blastodinium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diplopelta" title="Diplopelta">Diplopelta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diplopsalis" title="Diplopsalis">Diplopsalis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diplopsalopsis" title="Diplopsalopsis">Diplopsalopsis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herdmania" class="mw-disambig" title="Herdmania">Herdmania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oblea" title="Oblea">Oblea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peridinium" title="Peridinium">Peridinium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peridiniopsis" title="Peridiniopsis">Peridiniopsis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Preperidinium" title="Preperidinium">Preperidinium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protoperidinium" title="Protoperidinium">Protoperidinium</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoracosphaeraceae" title="Thoracosphaeraceae">Thoracosphaeraceae</a> Schiller 1930 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Amyloodinium" title="Amyloodinium">Amyloodinium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cryptoperidiniopsis" title="Cryptoperidiniopsis">Cryptoperidiniopsis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ensiculifera" title="Ensiculifera">Ensiculifera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leonella" title="Leonella">Leonella</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luciella" title="Luciella">Luciella</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paulsenella" title="Paulsenella">Paulsenella</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pentapharsodinium" title="Pentapharsodinium">Pentapharsodinium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pfiesteria" title="Pfiesteria">Pfiesteria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scrippsiella" title="Scrippsiella">Scrippsiella</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stoeckeria" title="Stoeckeria">Stoeckeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thoracosphaera" title="Thoracosphaera">Thoracosphaera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tyrannodinium" title="Tyrannodinium">Tyrannodinium</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podolampadaceae" title="Podolampadaceae">Podolampadaceae</a> Lindemann 1928 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Blepharocysta" title="Blepharocysta">Blepharocysta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gaarderiella" title="Gaarderiella">Gaarderiella</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heterobractum" title="Heterobractum">Heterobractum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lissodinium" title="Lissodinium">Lissodinium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mysticella" title="Mysticella">Mysticella</a>, <a href="/wiki/Podolampas" title="Podolampas">Podolampas</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinophysiales" title="Dinophysiales">Dinophysiales</a> Kofoid 1926 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Amphisolenia" title="Amphisolenia">Amphisolenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Citharistes" title="Citharistes">Citharistes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dinophysis" title="Dinophysis">Dinophysis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Histioneis" title="Histioneis">Histioneis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ornithocercus" title="Ornithocercus">Ornithocercus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxyphysis" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxyphysis">Oxyphysis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phalacroma" title="Phalacroma">Phalacroma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sinophysis" title="Sinophysis">Sinophysis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Triposolenia" title="Triposolenia">Triposolenia</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prorocentrales" title="Prorocentrales">Prorocentrales</a> Lemmermann 1910 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mesoporus" title="Mesoporus">Mesoporus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prorocentrum" title="Prorocentrum">Prorocentrum</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Incertae sedis Dinoflagellata: (<a href="/wiki/Blastodiniales" title="Blastodiniales">Blastodiniales</a> Chatton 1906, no longer valid). <i><a href="/wiki/Amyloodinium" title="Amyloodinium">Amyloodinium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apodinium" title="Apodinium">Apodinium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cachonella" title="Cachonella">Cachonella</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crepidoodinium" title="Crepidoodinium">Crepidoodinium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haplozoon" title="Haplozoon">Haplozoon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oodinium" title="Oodinium">Oodinium</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Piscinodinium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piscinodinium (page does not exist)">Piscinodinium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protoodinium" title="Protoodinium">Protoodinium</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apicomplexa" title="Apicomplexa">Apicomplexa</a> Levine 1980, emend. Adl et al. 2005 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aconoidasida" title="Aconoidasida">Aconoidasida</a> Mehlhorn et al. 1980 (= <a href="/wiki/Hematozoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Hematozoa">Hematozoa</a> Vivier 1982) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haemospororida" title="Haemospororida">Haemospororida</a> Danilewsky 1885 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Haemoproteus" title="Haemoproteus">Haemoproteus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leucocytozoon" title="Leucocytozoon">Leucocytozoon</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mesnilium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mesnilium (page does not exist)">Mesnilium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plasmodium" title="Plasmodium">Plasmodium</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piroplasmorida" title="Piroplasmorida">Piroplasmorida</a> Wenyon 1926 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Babesia" title="Babesia">Babesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theileria" title="Theileria">Theileria</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conoidasida" title="Conoidasida">Conoidasida</a> Levine 1988 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coccidia" class="mw-redirect" title="Coccidia">Coccidia</a> Leuckart 1879 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adeleorina" title="Adeleorina">Adeleorina</a> Léger 1911 <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adelea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adelea (page does not exist)">Adelea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adelina" title="Adelina">Adelina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dactylosoma" title="Dactylosoma">Dactylosoma</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Haemolivia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haemolivia (page does not exist)">Haemolivia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hepatozoon" title="Hepatozoon">Hepatozoon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haemogregarina" title="Haemogregarina">Haemogregarina</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karyolyssus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karyolyssus (page does not exist)">Karyolyssus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Klossia" title="Klossia">Klossia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Klossiella&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klossiella (page does not exist)">Klossiella</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eimeriorina" title="Eimeriorina">Eimeriorina</a> Léger 1911 <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atoxoplasma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atoxoplasma (page does not exist)">Atoxoplasma</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Barrouxia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barrouxia (page does not exist)">Barrouxia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Besnoitia" title="Besnoitia">Besnoitia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caryospora" title="Caryospora">Caryospora</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caryotropha" title="Caryotropha">Caryotropha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Choleoeimeria" title="Choleoeimeria">Choleoeimeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyclospora" class="mw-disambig" title="Cyclospora">Cyclospora</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cystoisospora" title="Cystoisospora">Cystoisospora</a>, <a href="/wiki/Defretinella" title="Defretinella">Defretinella</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diaspora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diaspora (page does not exist)">Diaspora</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dorisa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dorisa (page does not exist)">Dorisa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dorisiella" title="Dorisiella">Dorisiella</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eimeria" title="Eimeria">Eimeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goussia" title="Goussia">Goussia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hammondia" title="Hammondia">Hammondia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hyaloklossia" title="Hyaloklossia">Hyaloklossia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isospora" title="Isospora">Isospora</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lankesterella_(Apicomplexa)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lankesterella (Apicomplexa) (page does not exist)">Lankesterella</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mantonella" title="Mantonella">Mantonella</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neospora" title="Neospora">Neospora</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nephroisospora" title="Nephroisospora">Nephroisospora</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ovivora" title="Ovivora">Ovivora</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pfeifferinella" title="Pfeifferinella">Pfeifferinella</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pseudoklossia" title="Pseudoklossia">Pseudoklossia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarcocystis" title="Sarcocystis">Sarcocystis</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Schellackia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schellackia (page does not exist)">Schellackia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toxoplasma" title="Toxoplasma">Toxoplasma</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyzzeria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tyzzeria (page does not exist)">Tyzzeria</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wenyonella&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wenyonella (page does not exist)">Wenyonella</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregarinasina" title="Gregarinasina">Gregarinasina</a> Dufour 1828 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archigregarinorida" title="Archigregarinorida">Archigregarinorida</a> Grassé 1953 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Filipodium" title="Filipodium">Filipodium</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Platyproteum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Platyproteum (page does not exist)">Platyproteum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Selenidium" title="Selenidium">Selenidium</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Veloxidium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Veloxidium (page does not exist)">Veloxidium</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugregarinorida" title="Eugregarinorida">Eugregarinorida</a> Léger 1900 <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amoebogregarina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amoebogregarina (page does not exist)">Amoebogregarina</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ascogregarina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ascogregarina (page does not exist)">Ascogregarina</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Blabericola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blabericola (page does not exist)">Blabericola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cephaloidophora" title="Cephaloidophora">Cephaloidophora</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Colepismatophila&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colepismatophila (page does not exist)">Colepismatophila</a>, <a href="/wiki/Difficilina" title="Difficilina">Difficilina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ganymedes" class="mw-disambig" title="Ganymedes">Ganymedes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geneiorhynchus" title="Geneiorhynchus">Geneiorhynchus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gregarina" title="Gregarina">Gregarina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heliospora" title="Heliospora">Heliospora</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hoplorhynchus" title="Hoplorhynchus">Hoplorhynchus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lankesteria_(Chromista)" title="Lankesteria (Chromista)">Lankesteria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lecudina" title="Lecudina">Lecudina</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leidyana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leidyana (page does not exist)">Leidyana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lithocystis" title="Lithocystis">Lithocystis</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neoasterophora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neoasterophora (page does not exist)">Neoasterophora</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paraschneideria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paraschneideria (page does not exist)">Paraschneideria</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phyllochaetopterus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phyllochaetopterus (page does not exist)">Phyllochaetopterus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prismatospora" title="Prismatospora">Prismatospora</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Protomagalhaensia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protomagalhaensia (page does not exist)">Protomagalhaensia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Psychodiella&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Psychodiella (page does not exist)">Psychodiella</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pterospora" title="Pterospora">Pterospora</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pyxinia" title="Pyxinia">Pyxinia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stenophora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stenophora (page does not exist)">Stenophora</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stylocephalus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stylocephalus (page does not exist)">Stylocephalus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syncystis" class="mw-redirect" title="Syncystis">Syncystis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thiriotia" title="Thiriotia">Thiriotia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trichotokara" title="Trichotokara">Trichotokara</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiphocephalus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xiphocephalus (page does not exist)">Xiphocephalus</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neogregarinorida" title="Neogregarinorida">Neogregarinorida</a> Grassé 1953 <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mattesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mattesia (page does not exist)">Mattesia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ophryocystis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ophryocystis (page does not exist)">Ophryocystis</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Schyzocystis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schyzocystis (page does not exist)">Schyzocystis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syncystis" class="mw-redirect" title="Syncystis">Syncystis</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Incertae sedis Gregarinasina: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acuta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acuta (page does not exist)">Acuta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cephalolobus" title="Cephalolobus">Cephalolobus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gregarina" title="Gregarina">Gregarina</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Levinea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Levinea (page does not exist)">Levinea</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Menospora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Menospora (page does not exist)">Menospora</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nematocystis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nematocystis (page does not exist)">Nematocystis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nematopsis" title="Nematopsis">Nematopsis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steinina" title="Steinina">Steinina</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trichorhynchus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trichorhynchus (page does not exist)">Trichorhynchus</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cryptosporidium" title="Cryptosporidium">Cryptosporidium</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Incertae sedis Apicomplexa: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agamococcidiorida" title="Agamococcidiorida">Agamococcidiorida</a> Levine 1979 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gemmocystis" title="Gemmocystis">Gemmocystis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhytidocystis" title="Rhytidocystis">Rhytidocystis</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protococcidiorida" title="Protococcidiorida">Protococcidiorida</a> Kheisin 1956 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Angeiocystis" title="Angeiocystis">Angeiocystis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coelotropha" title="Coelotropha">Coelotropha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grellia" title="Grellia">Grellia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eleutheroschizon" title="Eleutheroschizon">Eleutheroschizon</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mackinnonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mackinnonia (page does not exist)">Mackinnonia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Myriosporides&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Myriosporides (page does not exist)">Myriosporides</a>, <a href="/wiki/Myriospora" title="Myriospora">Myriospora</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sawayella&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sawayella (page does not exist)">Sawayella</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agreggata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agreggata (page does not exist)">Agreggata</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Nephromyces" title="Nephromyces">Nephromyces</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciliophora" title="Ciliophora">Ciliophora</a> Doflein 1901 (<a href="/wiki/Ciliata" title="Ciliata">Ciliata</a> Perty 1852; <a href="/wiki/Infusoria" title="Infusoria">Infusoria</a> Bütschli 1887) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postciliodesmatophora" title="Postciliodesmatophora">Postciliodesmatophora</a> Gerassimova & Seravin 1976 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karyorelictea" title="Karyorelictea">Karyorelictea</a> Corliss 1974 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kentrophoros" title="Kentrophoros">Kentrophoros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loxodes" title="Loxodes">Loxodes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trachelocerca" title="Trachelocerca">Trachelocerca</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heterotrichea" title="Heterotrichea">Heterotrichea</a> Stein 1859 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Blepharisma" title="Blepharisma">Blepharisma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Climacostomum" title="Climacostomum">Climacostomum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Folliculina" title="Folliculina">Folliculina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stentor" title="Stentor">Stentor</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intramacronucleata" title="Intramacronucleata">Intramacronucleata</a> Lynn 1996 <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cariacothrix&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cariacothrix (page does not exist)">Cariacothrix</a></i> Orsi et al. 2012 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cariacotrichea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cariacotrichea (page does not exist)">Cariacotrichea</a> Orsi et al. 2011) (M)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirotrichea" title="Spirotrichea">Spirotrichea</a> Bütschli 1889 (R) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armophorea" title="Armophorea">Armophorea</a> Lynn 2004 (R) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armophorida" title="Armophorida">Armophorida</a> Jankowksi 1964 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Caenomorpha" title="Caenomorpha">Caenomorpha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metopus" title="Metopus">Metopus</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clevelandellida" title="Clevelandellida">Clevelandellida</a> de Puytorac & Grain 1976 <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clevelandella&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clevelandella (page does not exist)">Clevelandella</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nyctotherus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nyctotherus (page does not exist)">Nyctotherus</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paracichlidotherus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paracichlidotherus (page does not exist)">Paracichlidotherus</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litostomatea" title="Litostomatea">Litostomatea</a> Small & Lynn 1981 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haptoria" title="Haptoria">Haptoria</a> Corliss 1974 (P) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Didinium" title="Didinium">Didinium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lacrymaria" class="mw-disambig" title="Lacrymaria">Lacrymaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lagynophrya" title="Lagynophrya">Lagynophrya</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhynchostomatia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhynchostomatia (page does not exist)">Rhynchostomatia</a> Jankowski 1980, emend. Vd'ačný et al. 2011 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dileptus" title="Dileptus">Dileptus</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dimacrocaryon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dimacrocaryon (page does not exist)">Dimacrocaryon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trachelius" title="Trachelius">Trachelius</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trichostomatia" title="Trichostomatia">Trichostomatia</a> Bütschli 1889 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Balantidium" title="Balantidium">Balantidium</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Entodinium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Entodinium (page does not exist)">Entodinium</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotricha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isotricha (page does not exist)">Isotricha</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ophryoscolex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ophryoscolex (page does not exist)">Ophryoscolex</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conthreep&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conthreep (page does not exist)">Conthreep</a> Lynn in Adl et al. 2012 [Ventrata Cavalier-Smith 2004] (R) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phyllopharyngea" title="Phyllopharyngea">Phyllopharyngea</a> de Puytorac et al. 1974 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synhymenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Synhymenia (page does not exist)">Synhymenia</a> de Puytorac et al. in Deroux, 1978 <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synhymenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Synhymenia (page does not exist)">Synhymenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zosterodasys" title="Zosterodasys">Zosterodasys</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrtophoria" title="Cyrtophoria">Cyrtophoria</a> Fauré-Fremiet in Corliss, 1956 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Brooklynella" title="Brooklynella">Brooklynella</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chilodonella" title="Chilodonella">Chilodonella</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chonotrichia" title="Chonotrichia">Chonotrichia</a> Wallengren 1895 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chilodochona" title="Chilodochona">Chilodochona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spirochona" title="Spirochona">Spirochona</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhynchodia" title="Rhynchodia">Rhynchodia</a> Chatton & Lwoff 1939 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ancistrocoma" title="Ancistrocoma">Ancistrocoma</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ignotocoma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ignotocoma (page does not exist)">Ignotocoma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stegotricha" title="Stegotricha">Stegotricha</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suctoria" title="Suctoria">Suctoria</a> Claparède & Lachmann 1858 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Acineta" class="mw-disambig" title="Acineta">Acineta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Discophrya" title="Discophrya">Discophrya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ephelota" title="Ephelota">Ephelota</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tokophrya" title="Tokophrya">Tokophrya</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nassophorea" title="Nassophorea">Nassophorea</a> Small & Lynn 1981 (P?) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Microthorax" title="Microthorax">Microthorax</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nassula" title="Nassula">Nassula</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pseudomicrothorax&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pseudomicrothorax (page does not exist)">Pseudomicrothorax</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colpodea" title="Colpodea">Colpodea</a> Small & Lynn 1981 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platyophryida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Platyophryida (page does not exist)">Platyophryida</a> Puytorac et al. 1979 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Platyophrya" title="Platyophrya">Platyophrya</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sorogena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sorogena (page does not exist)">Sorogena</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bursariomorphida" title="Bursariomorphida">Bursariomorphida</a> Fernández-Galiano 1978 <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bryometopus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bryometopus (page does not exist)">Bryometopus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bursaria" title="Bursaria">Bursaria</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrtolophosidida" title="Cyrtolophosidida">Cyrtolophosidida</a> Foissner 1978 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aristerostoma" title="Aristerostoma">Aristerostoma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyrtolophosis" title="Cyrtolophosis">Cyrtolophosis</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colpodida" title="Colpodida">Colpodida</a> de Puytorac et al. 1974 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Colpoda" title="Colpoda">Colpoda</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pseudoplatyophrya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pseudoplatyophrya (page does not exist)">Pseudoplatyophrya</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostomatea" title="Prostomatea">Prostomatea</a> Schewiakoff 1896 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Coleps" title="Coleps">Coleps</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cryptocaryon" title="Cryptocaryon">Cryptocaryon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Holophrya" title="Holophrya">Holophrya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prorodon" title="Prorodon">Prorodon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urotricha" title="Urotricha">Urotricha</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plagiopylea" title="Plagiopylea">Plagiopylea</a> Small & Lynn 1985, sensu Lynn 2008 (R) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plagiopylida" title="Plagiopylida">Plagiopylida</a> Jankowski 1978 <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lechriopyla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lechriopyla (page does not exist)">Lechriopyla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plagiopyla" title="Plagiopyla">Plagiopyla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sonderia" class="mw-disambig" title="Sonderia">Sonderia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trimyema" title="Trimyema">Trimyema</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odontostomatida" title="Odontostomatida">Odontostomatida</a> Sawaya 1940 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Discomorphella" title="Discomorphella">Discomorphella</a>, <a href="/wiki/Epalxella" title="Epalxella">Epalxella</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oligohymenophorea" title="Oligohymenophorea">Oligohymenophorea</a> de Puytorac et al. 1974 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peniculia" title="Peniculia">Peniculia</a> Fauré-Fremiet in Corliss 1956 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Frontonia" title="Frontonia">Frontonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paramecium" title="Paramecium">Paramecium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stokesia" title="Stokesia">Stokesia</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuticociliatia" title="Scuticociliatia">Scuticociliatia</a> Small 1967 <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anophryoides&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anophryoides (page does not exist)">Anophryoides</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyclidium" title="Cyclidium">Cyclidium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loxocephalus" class="mw-disambig" title="Loxocephalus">Loxocephalus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philasterides" title="Philasterides">Philasterides</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pleuronema" title="Pleuronema">Pleuronema</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hymenostomatia" title="Hymenostomatia">Hymenostomatia</a> Delage & Hérouard 1896 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Colpidium" title="Colpidium">Colpidium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glaucoma" title="Glaucoma">Glaucoma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ichthyophthirius" title="Ichthyophthirius">Ichthyophthirius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tetrahymena" title="Tetrahymena">Tetrahymena</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostomatia" title="Apostomatia">Apostomatia</a> Chatton & Lwoff 1928 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Foettingeria" title="Foettingeria">Foettingeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gymnodinioides" title="Gymnodinioides">Gymnodinioides</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hyalophysa" title="Hyalophysa">Hyalophysa</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peritrichia" class="mw-disambig" title="Peritrichia">Peritrichia</a> Stein 1859 <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carchesium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carchesium (page does not exist)">Carchesium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Epistylis" title="Epistylis">Epistylis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trichodina" title="Trichodina">Trichodina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vorticella" title="Vorticella">Vorticella</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zoothamnium" title="Zoothamnium">Zoothamnium</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astomatia" title="Astomatia">Astomatia</a> Schewiakoff 1896 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Anoplophrya" title="Anoplophrya">Anoplophrya</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Haptophrya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haptophrya (page does not exist)">Haptophrya</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Incertae sedis Alveolata <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ellobiopsidae" title="Ellobiopsidae">Ellobiopsidae</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Ellobiopsis" title="Ellobiopsis">Ellobiopsis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thalassomyces" title="Thalassomyces">Thalassomyces</a></i>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Colponema" title="Colponema">Colponema</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <p>[Notes: M, monotypic group with only one described species; P, paraphyletic group; R, ribogroup assembled from phylogenetic studies.] </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ruggiero_et_al._(2015)"><span id="Ruggiero_et_al._.282015.29"></span>Ruggiero et al. (2015)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alveolata&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Ruggiero et al. (2015)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ruggiero, M.A., Gordon, D.P., Orrell, T.M., Bailly, N., Bourgoin, T., Brusca, R.C., Cavalier-Smith, T., Guiry, M. D. & Kirk, P. M. (2015). A Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms. <i>PLoS ONE</i> 10(4): e0119248, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0119248">[1]</a>. </p> <ul><li>Superkingdom <a href="/wiki/Prokaryota" title="Prokaryota">Prokaryota</a> <ul><li>Kingdom <a href="/wiki/Archaea" title="Archaea">Archaea</a> [= <a href="/wiki/Archaebacteria" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaebacteria">Archaebacteria</a>]</li> <li>Kingdom <a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">Bacteria</a> [= <a href="/wiki/Eubacteria" title="Eubacteria">Eubacteria</a>]</li></ul></li> <li>Superkingdom <a href="/wiki/Eukaryota" title="Eukaryota">Eukaryota</a> <ul><li>Kingdom <a href="/wiki/Protozoa" title="Protozoa">Protozoa</a> <ul><li>Subkingdom <a href="/wiki/Eozoa" title="Eozoa">Eozoa</a> <ul><li>Infrakingdom <a href="/wiki/Euglenozoa" title="Euglenozoa">Euglenozoa</a></li> <li>Infrakingdom <a href="/wiki/Excavata" title="Excavata">Excavata</a></li></ul></li> <li>Subkingdom <a href="/wiki/Sarcomastigota" title="Sarcomastigota">Sarcomastigota</a> <ul><li>Phylum <a href="/wiki/Amoebozoa" title="Amoebozoa">Amoebozoa</a></li> <li>Phylum <a href="/wiki/Choanozoa" title="Choanozoa">Choanozoa</a> [with <a href="/wiki/Microsporidia" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsporidia">Microsporidia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia">Animalia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fungi" title="Fungi">Fungi</a> constitutes "Supergroup <a href="/wiki/Opisthokonta" title="Opisthokonta">Opisthokonta</a>"]</li> <li>Phylum <a href="/wiki/Microsporidia" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsporidia">Microsporidia</a> [with <a href="/wiki/Choanozoa" title="Choanozoa">Choanozoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia">Animalia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fungi" title="Fungi">Fungi</a> constitutes "Supergroup <a href="/wiki/Opisthokonta" title="Opisthokonta">Opisthokonta</a>"]</li> <li>Phylum <a href="/wiki/Sulcozoa" title="Sulcozoa">Sulcozoa</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Kingdom <a href="/wiki/Chromista" title="Chromista">Chromista</a> <ul><li>Subkingdom <a href="/wiki/Hacrobia" title="Hacrobia">Hacrobia</a></li> <li>Subkingdom <a href="/wiki/Harosa" title="Harosa">Harosa</a> [= "Supergroup <a href="/wiki/SAR" class="mw-redirect" title="SAR">SAR</a>"] <ul><li>Infrakingdom <a href="/wiki/Halvaria" title="Halvaria">Halvaria</a> <ul><li>Superphylum <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alveolata</a> <ul><li>Phylum <a href="/wiki/Ciliophora" title="Ciliophora">Ciliophora</a></li> <li>Phylum <a href="/wiki/Miozoa" title="Miozoa">Miozoa</a> <ul><li>Subphylum <a href="/wiki/Myzozoa" title="Myzozoa">Myzozoa</a> <ul><li>Infraphylum <a href="/wiki/Apicomplexa" title="Apicomplexa">Apicomplexa</a></li> <li>Infraphylum <a href="/wiki/Dinozoa" title="Dinozoa">Dinozoa</a> <ul><li>Superclass <a href="/wiki/Dinoflagellata" title="Dinoflagellata">Dinoflagellata</a></li> <li>Superclass <a href="/wiki/Perkinsozoa" title="Perkinsozoa">Perkinsozoa</a> <ul><li>Class <a href="/wiki/Myzomonadea" title="Myzomonadea">Myzomonadea</a> <ul><li>Order <a href="/wiki/Algovorida" title="Algovorida">Algovorida</a></li></ul></li> <li>Class <a href="/wiki/Perkinsea" title="Perkinsea">Perkinsea</a> <ul><li>Order <a href="/wiki/Perkinsida" title="Perkinsida">Perkinsida</a></li> <li>Order <a href="/wiki/Phagodinida" class="mw-redirect" title="Phagodinida">Phagodinida</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Subphylum <a href="/wiki/Protalveolata" title="Protalveolata">Protalveolata</a> <ul><li>Class <a href="/wiki/Colponemea" class="mw-redirect" title="Colponemea">Colponemea</a> <ul><li>Order <a href="/wiki/Colponemida" class="mw-redirect" title="Colponemida">Colponemida</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Superphylum <a href="/wiki/Heterokonta" title="Heterokonta">Heterokonta</a> [= "Supergroup <a href="/wiki/Stramenopiles" title="Stramenopiles">Stramenopiles</a>"]</li></ul></li> <li>Infrakingdom <a href="/wiki/Rhizaria" title="Rhizaria">Rhizaria</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Kingdom <a href="/wiki/Fungi" title="Fungi">Fungi</a></li> <li>Kingdom <a href="/wiki/Plantae" title="Plantae">Plantae</a> [= <a href="/wiki/Archaeplastida" title="Archaeplastida">Archaeplastida</a>]</li> <li>Kingdom <a href="/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia">Animalia</a></li></ul></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://species.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alveolata&oldid=9718542">https://species.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alveolata&oldid=9718542</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" 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href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Alveolata&action=show-download-screen"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alveolata&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-wikibase-otherprojects-label" > <h3 id="p-wikibase-otherprojects-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">In other projects</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Alveolata" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikipedia mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolate" hreflang="en"><span>Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q448746" title="Link to connected data repository item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-lang" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-lang-label" > <h3 id="p-lang-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">In Wikipedia</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="طلائعيات سناخية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="طلائعيات سناخية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%8A%D9%87" title="طلائعيات سناخيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="طلائعيات سناخيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolbiontlar" title="Alveolbiontlar – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Alveolbiontlar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Алвеолати – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Алвеолати" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolata" title="Alveolata – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Alveolata" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolats" title="Alveolats – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alveolats" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolata" title="Alveolata – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Alveolata" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolata" title="Alveolata – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Alveolata" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolate" title="Alveolate – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Alveolate" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveoluloj" title="Alveoluloj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Alveoluloj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolata" title="Alveolata – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alveolata" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolaadid" title="Alveolaadid – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Alveolaadid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%DA%86%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="حبابچه‌داران – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حبابچه‌داران" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolata" title="Alveolata – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Alveolata" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolata" title="Alveolata – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alveolata" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ailbheolach" title="Ailbheolach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ailbheolach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolados" title="Alveolados – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Alveolados" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolata" title="Alveolata – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Alveolata" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolata" title="Alveolata – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Alveolata" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolata" title="Alveolata – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Alveolata" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolata" title="Alveolata – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Alveolata" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolata" title="Alveolata – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alveolata" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%99%E3%82%AA%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF" title="アルベオラータ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アルベオラータ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolata" title="Alveolata – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Alveolata" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%BC%ED%95%98%EB%82%AD%EB%A5%98" title="피하낭류 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="피하낭류" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolatae" title="Alveolatae – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Alveolatae" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolata" title="Alveolata – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Alveolata" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolata" title="Alveolata – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Alveolata" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolados" title="Alveolados – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alveolados" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolata" title="Alveolata – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Alveolata" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Альвеоляты – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Альвеоляты" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolate" title="Alveolate – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Alveolate" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolata" title="Alveolata – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Alveolata" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolater" title="Alveolater – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Alveolater" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolata" title="Alveolata – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Alveolata" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolata" title="Alveolata – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Alveolata" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Альвеоляти – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Альвеоляти" data-language-autonym="Українська" 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