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<li id="toc-Color_television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Color_television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Color television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Color_television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shadow_masks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shadow_masks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Shadow masks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shadow_masks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chromatron" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chromatron"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Chromatron</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chromatron-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trinitron" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trinitron"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Trinitron</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trinitron-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Introduction,_early_models" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Introduction,_early_models"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Introduction, early models</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Introduction,_early_models-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Reception</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-End_of_Trinitron" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#End_of_Trinitron"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>End of Trinitron</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-End_of_Trinitron-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Description" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Description"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Description</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Description-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Description subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Description-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Basic_concept" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Basic_concept"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Basic concept</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Basic_concept-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Advantages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Advantages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Advantages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Advantages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Disadvantages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disadvantages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Disadvantages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disadvantages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Visible_support_or_damping_wires" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Visible_support_or_damping_wires"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Visible support or damping wires</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Visible_support_or_damping_wires-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anti-glare_coating" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anti-glare_coating"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>Anti-glare coating</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anti-glare_coating-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Partial_list_of_other_aperture_grille_brands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Partial_list_of_other_aperture_grille_brands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Partial list of other aperture grille brands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Partial_list_of_other_aperture_grille_brands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div 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(тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinitron" title="Trinitron – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Trinitron" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinitron" title="Trinitron – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Trinitron" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinitron" title="Trinitron – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Trinitron" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Trinitron" title="Special:EditPage/Trinitron">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Trinitron%22">"Trinitron"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Trinitron%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Trinitron%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Trinitron%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Trinitron%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Trinitron%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Promotional plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Advert" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_soapbox_or_means_of_promotion" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">promotional content</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trinitron&action=edit">improve it</a> by removing <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Spam" title="Wikipedia:Spam">promotional language</a> and inappropriate <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links#Advertising_and_conflicts_of_interest" title="Wikipedia:External links">external links</a>, and by adding encyclopedic text written from a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">neutral point of view</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trinitron_KV-1320UB_front.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Trinitron_KV-1320UB_front.jpg/220px-Trinitron_KV-1320UB_front.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Trinitron_KV-1320UB_front.jpg/330px-Trinitron_KV-1320UB_front.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Trinitron_KV-1320UB_front.jpg/440px-Trinitron_KV-1320UB_front.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1159" /></a><figcaption>Sony KV-1320UB Trinitron from 1969</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Trinitron</b> was Sony's <a href="/wiki/Brand_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Brand name">brand name</a> for its line of <a href="/wiki/Aperture_grille" title="Aperture grille">aperture-grille</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Cathode-ray_tube" title="Cathode-ray tube">CRTs</a> used in <a href="/wiki/Television_set" title="Television set">television sets</a> and <a href="/wiki/Computer_monitor" title="Computer monitor">computer monitors</a>, one of the first television systems to enter the market since the 1950s. Constant improvement in the basic technology and attention to overall quality allowed Sony to charge a premium for Trinitron devices into the 1990s.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Patent protection on the basic Trinitron design ran out in 1996, and it quickly faced a number of competitors at much lower prices. </p><p>The name Trinitron was derived from <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/trinity" class="extiw" title="wikt:trinity">trinity</a></i>, meaning the union of three, and <i>tron</i> from elec<i>tron</i> tube, after the way that the Trinitron combined the three separate electron guns of other CRT designs into one.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trinitron-bars-detail-enlarged.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Trinitron-bars-detail-enlarged.jpg/220px-Trinitron-bars-detail-enlarged.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Trinitron-bars-detail-enlarged.jpg/330px-Trinitron-bars-detail-enlarged.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Trinitron-bars-detail-enlarged.jpg/440px-Trinitron-bars-detail-enlarged.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1276" data-file-height="996" /></a><figcaption>Close-up of phosphor bars on a 14" Sony Trinitron television</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trinitron&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Color_television">Color television</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trinitron&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Color television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Namibia_-_Windhoek_train_station_23.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Namibia_-_Windhoek_train_station_23.jpg/220px-Namibia_-_Windhoek_train_station_23.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Namibia_-_Windhoek_train_station_23.jpg/330px-Namibia_-_Windhoek_train_station_23.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Namibia_-_Windhoek_train_station_23.jpg/440px-Namibia_-_Windhoek_train_station_23.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5760" data-file-height="3840" /></a><figcaption>A 1970s tabletop size Trinitron</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Color_television" title="Color television">Color television</a></div> <p>Color television had been demoed since the 1920s starting with <a href="/wiki/John_Logie_Baird" title="John Logie Baird">John Logie Baird</a>'s system. However, it was only in the late 1940s that it was perfected by both CBS and RCA. At the time, a number of systems were being proposed that used separate red, green and blue signals (RGB), broadcast in succession. Most systems broadcast entire frames in sequence, with a colored filter (or "<a href="/wiki/Color_gel" title="Color gel">gel</a>") that rotated in front of an otherwise conventional black and white television tube.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Because they broadcast separate signals for the different colors, all of these systems were incompatible with existing black and white sets. Another problem was that the mechanical filter made them flicker unless very high refresh rates were used. In spite of these problems, the United States Federal Communications Commission selected a sequential-frame 144 frame/s standard from <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a> as their color broadcast in 1950.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/RCA" title="RCA">RCA</a> worked along different lines entirely, using the luminance-chrominance system. This system did not directly encode or transmit the RGB signals; instead it combined these colors into one overall brightness figure, the "<a href="/wiki/Luminance" title="Luminance">luminance</a>". Luminance closely matched the black and white signal of existing broadcasts, allowing it to be displayed on existing televisions. This was a major advantage over the mechanical systems being proposed by other groups. Color information was then separately encoded and folded into the signal as a high-frequency modification to produce a <a href="/wiki/Composite_video" title="Composite video">composite video</a> signal – on a black and white television this extra information would be seen as a slight randomization of the image intensity, but the limited resolution of existing sets made this invisible in practice. On color sets the signal would be extracted, decoded back into RGB, and displayed. Although RCA's system had enormous benefits, it had not been successfully developed because it was difficult to produce the display tubes. Black and white TVs used a continuous signal and the tube could be coated with an even deposit of phosphor. With the <a href="/wiki/Color_television#Compatible_color" title="Color television">compatible color</a> encoding scheme originally developed by <a href="/wiki/Georges_Valensi" title="Georges Valensi">Georges Valensi</a> in 1938, the color was changing continually along the line, which was far too fast for any sort of mechanical filter to follow. Instead, the phosphor had to be broken down into a discrete pattern of colored spots. Focusing the proper signal on each of these tiny spots was beyond the capability of <a href="/wiki/Electron_gun" title="Electron gun">electron guns</a> of the era, and RCA's early experiments used three-tube projectors, or mirror-based systems known as "<a href="/wiki/Triniscope" title="Triniscope">Triniscope</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-rca_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rca-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shadow_masks">Shadow masks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trinitron&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Shadow masks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Shadow_mask" title="Shadow mask">Shadow mask</a></div> <p>RCA eventually solved the problem of displaying the color images with their introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Shadow_mask" title="Shadow mask">shadow mask</a>. The shadow mask consists of a thin sheet of steel with tiny holes <a href="/wiki/Photolithography" title="Photolithography">photo etched</a> into it, placed just behind the front surface of the picture tube. Three guns, arranged in a triangle, were all aimed at the holes. Stray electrons at the edge of the beam were cut off by the mask, creating a sharply focused spot that was small enough to hit a single colored phosphor on the screen. Since each of the guns was aimed at the hole from a slightly different angle, the spots of phosphor on the tube could be separated slightly to prevent overlap. </p><p>The disadvantage of this approach was that for any given amount of gun power, the shadow mask filtered out the majority of the energy. To ensure there was no overlap of the beam on the screen, the dots had to be separated and covered perhaps 25% of its surface.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This led to very dim images, requiring much greater electron beam power in order to provide a useful picture. Moreover, the system was highly dependent on the relative angles of the beams between the three guns, which required constant adjustment by the user to ensure the guns hit the correct colors.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In spite of this, the technical superiority of the RCA system was overwhelming compared to the CBS system, and was selected as the new NTSC standard in 1953. The first broadcast using the new standard occurred on New Year's Day in 1954, when NBC broadcast the <a href="/wiki/Tournament_of_Roses_Parade" class="mw-redirect" title="Tournament of Roses Parade">Tournament of Roses Parade</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In spite of this early start, only a few years after regularly scheduled television broadcasting had begun, consumer uptake of color televisions was very slow to start. The dim images, constant adjustments and high costs had kept them in a niche of their own. Low consumer acceptance led to a lack of color programming, further reducing the demand for the sets in a <a href="/wiki/Supply_and_demand" title="Supply and demand">supply and demand</a> problem. In the United States in 1960, only 1 color set was sold for every 50 sets sold in total.<sup id="cite_ref-s42_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s42-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chromatron">Chromatron</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trinitron&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Chromatron"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Chromatron" title="Chromatron">Chromatron</a></div> <p>Sony had entered the television market in 1960 with the black and white <a href="/wiki/TV8-301" class="mw-redirect" title="TV8-301">TV8-301</a>, the first non-projection type all-transistor television.<sup id="cite_ref-Lucie-Smith1983_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lucie-Smith1983-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A combination of factors, including its small screen size, limited its sales to niche markets. Sony engineers had been studying the color market, but the situation in Japan was even worse than the U.S.; they accounted for only 300 of the 9 million sets sold that year.<sup id="cite_ref-s42_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s42-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But by 1961, dealers were asking the Sony sales department when a color set would be available, and the sales department put pressure on engineering in turn. <a href="/wiki/Masaru_Ibuka" title="Masaru Ibuka">Masaru Ibuka</a>, Sony's president and co-founder, steadfastly refused to develop a system based on RCA's shadow mask design, which he considered technically deficient. He insisted on developing a unique solution.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1961, a Sony delegation was visiting the <a href="/wiki/IEEE" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE">IEEE</a> trade show in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, including Ibuka, <a href="/wiki/Akio_Morita" title="Akio Morita">Akio Morita</a> (Sony's other co-founder) and <a href="/wiki/Nobutoshi_Kihara" title="Nobutoshi Kihara">Nobutoshi Kihara</a>, who was promoting his new <a href="/wiki/CV-2000" title="CV-2000">CV-2000</a> home <a href="/wiki/Video_tape_recorder" title="Video tape recorder">video tape recorder</a>. This was Kihara's first trip abroad and he spent much of his time wandering the trade floor, where he came across a small booth by the small company <a href="/wiki/Autometric" title="Autometric">Autometric</a>. They were demonstrating a new type of color television based on the <a href="/wiki/Chromatron" title="Chromatron">Chromatron</a> tube, which used a single electron gun and a vertical grille of electrically charged thin wires instead of a shadow mask. The resulting image was far brighter than anything the RCA design could produce, and lacked the convergence problems that required constant adjustments. He quickly brought Morita and Ibuka to see the design, and Morita was "sold" on the spot.<sup id="cite_ref-s44_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s44-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sony_Chromatron.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Sony_Chromatron.jpg/220px-Sony_Chromatron.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="356" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Sony_Chromatron.jpg/330px-Sony_Chromatron.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Sony_Chromatron.jpg/440px-Sony_Chromatron.jpg 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="850" /></a><figcaption>Sony Chromatron</figcaption></figure> <p>Morita arranged a deal with <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a>, who was paying for Chromatic Labs' development of the Chromatron, taking over the entire project. In early 1963, Senri Miyaoka was sent to Manhattan to arrange the transfer of the technology to Sony, which would lead to the closing of Chromatic Labs. He was unimpressed with the labs, describing the windowless basement as "squalor".<sup id="cite_ref-s44_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s44-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The American team was only too happy to point out the serious flaws in the Chromatron system, telling Miyaoka that the design was hopeless. By September 1964, a 17-inch prototype had been built in Japan, but mass-production test runs were demonstrating serious problems. Sony engineers were unable to make a version of Chromatron that could be reliably mass-produced.<sup id="cite_ref-s44_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s44-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When sets were finally made available in late 1964, they were put on the market at a competitive 198,000 yen (US$550), but cost the company over 400,000 yen (US$1111.11) to produce. Ibuka had bet the company on Chromatron and had already set up a new factory to produce them with the hopes that the production problems would be ironed out and the line would become profitable. After several thousand sets had shipped, the situation was no better, while <a href="/wiki/Panasonic" title="Panasonic">Panasonic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Toshiba" title="Toshiba">Toshiba</a> were in the process of introducing sets based on RCA licenses. By 1966, the Chromatron was breaking the company financially.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trinitron">Trinitron</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trinitron&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Trinitron"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sony_Trinitron_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Sony_Trinitron_logo.svg/150px-Sony_Trinitron_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Sony_Trinitron_logo.svg/225px-Sony_Trinitron_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Sony_Trinitron_logo.svg/300px-Sony_Trinitron_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="257" data-file-height="67" /></a><figcaption>The Sony Trinitron logo used from 1992 to the 2000s</figcaption></figure> <p>In the autumn of 1966, Ibuka finally gave in, and announced he would personally lead a search for a replacement for Chromatron. Susumu Yoshida was sent to the U.S. to look for potential licenses, and was impressed with the improvements that RCA had made in overall brightness by introducing new <a href="/wiki/Rare-earth_element" title="Rare-earth element">rare-earth</a> <a href="/wiki/Phosphor" title="Phosphor">phosphors</a> on the screen. He also saw <a href="/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a>'s "Porta-color" design, using three guns in a row instead of a triangle, which allowed a greater portion of the screen to be lit. His report was cause for concern in Japan, where it seemed Sony was falling ever-farther behind the U.S. designs. They might be forced to license the shadow mask system if they wanted to remain competitive.<sup id="cite_ref-s46_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s46-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ibuka was not willing to give up entirely, and had his 30 engineers explore a wide variety of approaches to see if they could come up with their own design. At one point, Yoshida asked <a href="/w/index.php?title=Senri_Miyaoka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senri Miyaoka (page does not exist)">Senri Miyaoka</a> if the in-line gun arrangement used by GE could be replaced by a single gun with three <a href="/wiki/Cathode" title="Cathode">cathodes</a>; this would be more difficult to build, but be lower cost in the long run.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="Please clarify the preceding statement or statements with a good explanation from a reliable source. (December 2017)">how?</span></a></i>]</sup> Miyaoka built a prototype and was astonished by how well it worked, although it had focusing problems.<sup id="cite_ref-s46_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s46-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later that week<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (December 2017)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup>, on Saturday, Miyaoka was summoned to Ibuka's office while he was attempting to leave work to attend his weekly cello practice. Yoshida had just informed Ibuka about his success, and the two asked Miyaoka if they could really develop the gun into a workable product. Miyaoka, anxious to leave, answered yes, excused himself, and left. The following Monday, Ibuka announced that Sony would be developing a new color television tube, based on Miyaoka's prototype.<sup id="cite_ref-s47_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s47-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By February 1967, the focusing problems had been solved, and because there was a single gun, the focusing was achieved with permanent magnets instead of a coil, and required no manual adjustments after manufacturing.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>During development, Sony engineer Akio Ohgoshi introduced another modification. GE's system improved on the RCA shadow mask by replacing the small round holes with slightly larger rectangles. Since the guns were in-line, their electrons would land onto three rectangular patches instead of three smaller spots, about doubling the lit area. Ohgoshi proposed removing the mask entirely and replacing it with a series of vertical slots instead, lighting the entire screen. Although this would require the guns to be very carefully aligned with the phosphors on the tube in order to ensure they hit the right colors, with Miyaoka's new tube, this appeared possible.<sup id="cite_ref-s47_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s47-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In practice, this proved easy to build but difficult to place in the tube – the fine wires were mechanically weak and tended to move when the tubes were bumped, resulting in shifting colors on the screen. This problem was solved by running several fine <a href="/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten">tungsten</a> wires across the grille horizontally to keep the vertical wires of the grille in place. </p><p>The combination of three-in-one electron gun and the replacement of the shadow mask with the <a href="/wiki/Aperture_grille" title="Aperture grille">aperture grille</a> resulted in a unique and easily patentable product. In spite of Trinitron and Chromatron having no technology in common, the shared single electron gun has led to many erroneous claims that the two are very similar, or the same.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Abramson2007_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abramson2007-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Introduction,_early_models"><span id="Introduction.2C_early_models"></span>Introduction, early models</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trinitron&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Introduction, early models"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Officially introduced by Ibuka in April 1968, the original 12 inch Trinitron (KV-1210) had a display quality that easily surpassed any commercial set in terms of brightness, color fidelity, and simplicity of operation.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The vertical wires in the aperture grille meant that the tube had to be nearly flat vertically; this gave it a unique cylindrical look.<sup id="cite_ref-stweb.peelschools.org_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stweb.peelschools.org-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was also all <a href="/wiki/Solid-state_electronics" title="Solid-state electronics">solid state</a>, with the exception of the picture tube itself, which allowed it to be much more compact and cool running than designs like GE's Porta-color. Some larger models such as the KV-1320UB for the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> market were initially fitted with 3AT2 valves for the <a href="/wiki/Extra_high_tension" class="mw-redirect" title="Extra high tension">extra high tension</a> (high voltage) circuitry, before being redesigned as solid state in the early 70s. </p><p>Ibuka ended the press conference by claiming that 10,000 sets would be available by October, well beyond what engineering had told him was possible. Ibuka cajoled Yoshida to take over the effort of bringing the sets into production, and although Yoshida was furious at being put in charge of a task he felt was impossible, he finally accepted the assignment and successfully met the production goal.<sup id="cite_ref-s48_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s48-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The KV-1210 was introduced in limited numbers in Japan in October as promised, and in the U.S. as the KV-1210U the following year. </p><p>Early color sets intended for the UK market had a PAL decoder that was different from those invented and licensed by <a href="/wiki/Telefunken" title="Telefunken">Telefunken</a> of <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, who invented the PAL color system. The decoder inside the UK-sold Sony color Trinitron sets, from the KV-1300UB to the KV-1330UB, had an <a href="/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC">NTSC</a> decoder adapted for <a href="/wiki/PAL" title="PAL">PAL</a>. The decoder used a 64 microsecond delay line to store every other line, but instead of using the delay line to average out the phase of the current line and the previous line, it simply repeated the same line twice.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Any phase errors could then be compensated for by using a <a href="/wiki/Tint_control" title="Tint control">tint control</a> knob on the front of the set, normally unneeded on a PAL set. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tv_Sony_Trinitron.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Tv_Sony_Trinitron.jpg/220px-Tv_Sony_Trinitron.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Tv_Sony_Trinitron.jpg/330px-Tv_Sony_Trinitron.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Tv_Sony_Trinitron.jpg/440px-Tv_Sony_Trinitron.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Sony Trinitron KV-1221R television</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reception">Reception</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trinitron&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trinitron_computer-monitor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Trinitron_computer-monitor.jpg/250px-Trinitron_computer-monitor.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Trinitron_computer-monitor.jpg/375px-Trinitron_computer-monitor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Trinitron_computer-monitor.jpg/500px-Trinitron_computer-monitor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3020" data-file-height="2768" /></a><figcaption>Trinitron KX-14CP1 computer display</figcaption></figure> <p>Reviews of the Trinitron were universally positive, although they all mentioned its high cost. Sony won an <a href="/wiki/Emmy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Emmy Award">Emmy Award</a> for the Trinitron in 1973.<sup id="cite_ref-shist_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shist-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On his 84th birthday in 1992, Ibuka claimed the Trinitron was his proudest product. </p><p>New models quickly followed. Larger sizes at 19" and then 27" were introduced, as well as smaller, including a 7" portable. In the mid-1980s, a new phosphor coating was introduced that was much darker than earlier sets, giving the screens a black color when turned off, as opposed to the earlier light grey. This improved the contrast range of the picture. Early models were generally packaged in silver cases, but with the introduction of the darker screens, Sony also introduced new cases with a dark charcoal color, following a similar change in color taking place in the hi-fi world. This line expanded with 32", 35" and finally 40" units in the 1990s. In 1990, Sony released the first HD Trinitron TV set, for use with the <a href="/wiki/Multiple_sub-Nyquist_sampling_encoding" title="Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding">Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding</a> standard.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1980, Sony introduced the "ProFeel" line of prosumer <a href="/wiki/Component_television" title="Component television">component televisions</a>, consisting of a range of Trinitron monitors that could be connected to standardized tuners. The original lineup consisted of the KX-20xx1 20" and KX-27xx1 27" monitors (the "xx" is an identifier, PS for Europe, HF for Japan, etc.) the VTX-100ES tuner and TXT-100G TeleText decoder. They were often used with a set of SS-X1A stereo speakers, which matched the grey boxy styling of the suite.<sup id="cite_ref-profeel_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-profeel-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The concept was to build a market similar to contemporary stereo equipment, where components from different vendors could be mixed to produce a complete system. However, a lack of any major third party components, along with custom connectors between the tuner and monitors, meant that systems mixing fully compatible elements were never effectively realized. They were popular high-end units, however, and found a strong following in production companies where the excellent quality picture made them effective low-cost monitors. A second series of all-black units followed in 1986, the ProFeel Pro, sporting a space-frame around the back of the trapezoidal enclosure that doubled as a carrying handle and holder for the pop-out speakers. These units were paired with the VT-X5R tuner and optionally the APM-X5A speakers.<sup id="cite_ref-profeelpro_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-profeelpro-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sony also produced lines of Trinitron professional studio monitors, the PVM (Professional Video Monitor) and BVM (Broadcast Video Monitor) lines. These models were packaged in grey metal cubes with a variety of inputs that accepted practically any analog format. They originally used tubes similar to the ProFeel line, but over time, they gradually increased in resolution until the late 1990s when they offered over 900 lines. When these were cancelled as part of the wider Trinitron shutdown in 2007, professionals forced Sony to re-open two of the lines to produce the 20 and 14 inch models.<sup id="cite_ref-profeel_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-profeel-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among similar products, Sony produced the KV-1311 monitor/TV combination. It accepted NTSC-compatible video from various devices as well as analog broadcast TV. Along with its other functions, it had video and audio inputs and outputs as well as a wideband sound-IF decoded output. Its exterior looks much like the monitor illustrated here, with added TV controls. </p><p>By this time, Sony was well established as a supplier of reliable equipment; it was preferable to have minimal field failures instead of supporting an extensive service network for the entire United States. </p><p>Sony started developing the Trinitron for <a href="/wiki/Computer_monitor" title="Computer monitor">computer monitor</a> use in the late 1970s. Demand was high, so high that there were examples of third party companies removing Trinitron tubes from televisions to use as monitors. In response, Sony started development of the GDM (Graphic Display Monitor) in 1983, which offered high resolution and faster refresh rates. Sony aggressively promoted the GDM and it became a standard on high-end monitors by the late 1980s. Particularly common models include the <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a> 13" model that was originally sold with the <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_II" title="Macintosh II">Macintosh II</a> starting in 1987. Well known users also included <a href="/wiki/Digital_Equipment_Corporation" title="Digital Equipment Corporation">Digital Equipment Corporation</a>, <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Graphics" title="Silicon Graphics">Silicon Graphics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a> and others. Demand for a lower cost solution led to the CDP series.<sup id="cite_ref-shist_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shist-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 1988, the high-end 20 inch DDM model (Data Display Monitor) was introduced with a maximum resolution of 2,048 by 2,048, which went on to be used in the <a href="/wiki/FAA" class="mw-redirect" title="FAA">FAA</a>'s Advanced Automation System <a href="/wiki/Air_traffic_control" title="Air traffic control">air traffic control</a> system. </p><p>These developments meant that Sony was well placed to introduce high-definition televisions (HDTV). In April 1981, they announced the <a href="/wiki/Sony_HDVS" title="Sony HDVS">High Definition Video System</a> (HDVS), a suite of <a href="/wiki/Multiple_sub-nyquist_sampling_Encoding_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiple sub-nyquist sampling Encoding system">MUSE</a> equipment including cameras, recorders, Trinitron monitors and projection TVs. </p><p>Sony shipped its 100 millionth Trinitron screen in July 1994, 25 years after it had been introduced. New uses in the computer field and the demand for higher resolution televisions to match the quality of <a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a> when it was introduced in 1996 led to increased sales, with another 180 million units delivered in the next decade.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wallst_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wallst-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="End_of_Trinitron">End of Trinitron</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trinitron&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: End of Trinitron"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sony_KV-32S42.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Sony_KV-32S42.jpg/220px-Sony_KV-32S42.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Sony_KV-32S42.jpg/330px-Sony_KV-32S42.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Sony_KV-32S42.jpg/440px-Sony_KV-32S42.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2141" data-file-height="1850" /></a><figcaption>Sony KV-32S42, a typical late-model Trinitron television, manufactured in 2001</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sony_FD_Triniton_KV-BZ213N50.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Sony_FD_Triniton_KV-BZ213N50.jpg/220px-Sony_FD_Triniton_KV-BZ213N50.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Sony_FD_Triniton_KV-BZ213N50.jpg/330px-Sony_FD_Triniton_KV-BZ213N50.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Sony_FD_Triniton_KV-BZ213N50.jpg/440px-Sony_FD_Triniton_KV-BZ213N50.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Sony FD Trinitron flat-screen CRT</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sony_Trinitron_KV-27FS100.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Sony_Trinitron_KV-27FS100.jpg/220px-Sony_Trinitron_KV-27FS100.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Sony_Trinitron_KV-27FS100.jpg/330px-Sony_Trinitron_KV-27FS100.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Sony_Trinitron_KV-27FS100.jpg/440px-Sony_Trinitron_KV-27FS100.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2268" data-file-height="1697" /></a><figcaption>Sony Trinitron KV-27FS100, example of an FD Trinitron model with a more boxy appearance</figcaption></figure> <p>Sony's patent on the Trinitron display ran out in 1996, after 20 years. After the expiration of Sony's Trinitron patent, manufacturers like <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Electric" title="Mitsubishi Electric">Mitsubishi</a> (whose monitor production is now part of <a href="/wiki/NEC_Display_Solutions" class="mw-redirect" title="NEC Display Solutions">NEC Display Solutions</a>) were free to use the Trinitron design for their own product line without license from Sony although they could not use the Trinitron name. For example, Mitsubishi's are called <i>Diamondtron</i>. To some degree, the name Trinitron became a generic term referring to any similar set. </p><p>Sony responded with the <a href="/wiki/FD_Trinitron" class="mw-redirect" title="FD Trinitron">FD Trinitron</a>, which used computer-controlled feedback systems to ensure sharp focus across a flat screen. Initially introduced on their 27, 32 and 36 inch models in 1998, the new tubes were offered in a variety of resolutions for different uses. The basic <a href="/wiki/WEGA" title="WEGA">WEGA</a> models supported normal 480i signals, but a larger version offered 16:9 <a href="/wiki/Display_aspect_ratio" title="Display aspect ratio">aspect ratios</a>. The technology was quickly applied to the entire Trinitron range, from 13 to 36 inch. High resolution versions, Hi-Scan and Super Fine Pitch, were also produced. With the introduction of the FD Trinitron, Sony also introduced a new industrial style, leaving the charcoal colored sets introduced in the 1980s for a new silver styling. </p><p>Sony was not the only company producing flat screen CRTs. Other companies had already introduced high-end brands with flat-screen tubes, like Panasonic's Tau. Many other companies entered the market quickly, widely copying the new silver styling as well. The FD Trinitron was unable to regain the cachet that the Trinitron brand had previously possessed; in the 2004 Christmas season, they increased sales by 5%, but only at the cost of a 75% plunge in profits after being forced to lower costs to compete in the market.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the same time, the introduction of plasma televisions, and then LCD-based ones, led to the high-end market being increasingly focused on the "thin" sets. Both of these technologies have well known problems, and for some time Sony explored a wide array of technologies that would improve upon them in the same way the Trinitron did on the shadow mask. Among these experiments were <a href="/wiki/Organic_light-emitting_diode" class="mw-redirect" title="Organic light-emitting diode">organic light-emitting diodes</a> (OLED) and the <a href="/wiki/Field-emission_display" title="Field-emission display">field-emission display</a>, but in spite of considerable effort, neither of these technologies matured into competitors at the time. Sony also introduced their Plasmatron displays, and later LCD as well, but these had no inherent technical advantages over similar sets from other companies. From 2006, all of Sony's BRAVIA television products are LCD displays, initially based on screens from <a href="/wiki/Samsung" title="Samsung">Samsung</a>, and later <a href="/wiki/Sharp_Corporation" title="Sharp Corporation">Sharp</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sony eventually ended production of the Trinitron in Japan in 2004. In 2006, Sony announced that it would no longer market or sell Trinitrons in the United States or Canada, but it would continue to sell the Trinitron in China, India, and regions of South America using tubes delivered from their <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> plant. Production in Singapore finally ended by the end of March 2008, only months after ending production of their rear-projection systems.<sup id="cite_ref-wallst_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wallst-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two lines of the factory were later brought back online to supply the professional market.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>280 million Trinitron tubes were built. At its peak, 20 million were made annually.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trinitron&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Basic_concept">Basic concept</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trinitron&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Basic concept"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Trinitron design incorporates two unique features: the single-gun three-cathode picture tube, and the vertically aligned <a href="/wiki/Aperture_grille" title="Aperture grille">aperture grille</a>. </p><p>The single gun consists of a long-necked tube with a single electrode<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (December 2017)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Trinitron#By_definition_and_electronic_gun_consists_of_multiple_electrodes" title="Talk:Trinitron">discuss</a></i>]</sup> at its base, flaring out into a horizontally-aligned rectangular shape with three rectangular cathodes inside. Each cathode is fed the amplified signal from one of the decoded RGB signals. </p><p>The electrons from the cathodes are all aimed toward a single point at the back of the screen where they hit the aperture grille, a steel sheet<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (December 2017)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Trinitron#It_has_already_been_ascertained_that_an_array_of_fine_wires_is_used,_not_a_steel_sheet" title="Talk:Trinitron">discuss</a></i>]</sup> with vertical slots cut in it. Due to the slight separation of the cathodes at the back of the tube, the three beams approach the grille at slightly different angles. When they pass through the grille they retain this angle, hitting their individual colored phosphors that are deposited in vertical stripes on the inside of the faceplate. The main purpose of the grille is to ensure that each beam strikes only the phosphor stripes for its color, much as does a shadow mask. However, unlike a shadow mask, there are essentially no obstructions along each entire phosphor stripe. Larger CRTs have a few horizontal stabilizing wires part way between top and bottom. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Advantages">Advantages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trinitron&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Advantages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In comparison to early shadow mask designs, the Trinitron grille cuts off much less of the signal coming from the electron guns. RCA tubes built in the 1950s cut off about 85% of the electron beam, while the grille cuts off about 25%.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Improvements to the shadow mask designs continually narrowed this difference between the two designs, and by the late 1980s the difference in performance, at least theoretically, was eliminated.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Another advantage of the aperture grille was that the distance between the wires remained constant vertically across the screen. In the shadow mask design, the size of the holes in the mask is defined by the required resolution of the phosphor dots on the screen, which was constant. However, the distance from the guns to the holes changed; for dots near the center of the screen, the distance was its shortest, at points in the corners it was at its maximum. To ensure that the guns were focused on the holes, a system known as dynamic convergence had to constantly adjust the focus point as the beam moved across the screen. In the Trinitron design, the problem was greatly simplified,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="Please clarify the preceding statement or statements with a good explanation from a reliable source. (December 2017)">how?</span></a></i>]</sup> requiring changes only for large screen sizes, and only on a line-by-line basis. </p><p>For this reason, Trinitron systems are easier to focus than shadow masks, and generally had a sharper image.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This was a major selling point of the Trinitron design for much of its history. In the 1990s, new computer-controlled real-time feedback focusing systems eliminated this advantage, as well as leading to the introduction of "true flat" designs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Disadvantages">Disadvantages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trinitron&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Disadvantages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Visible_support_or_damping_wires">Visible support or damping wires</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trinitron&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Visible support or damping wires"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Even small changes in the alignment of the grille over the phosphors can cause the color purity to shift. Since the wires are thin, small bumps can cause the wires to shift alignment if they are not held in place. Monitors using Trinitron technology have one or more thin tungsten wires running horizontally across the grille to prevent this. Screens 15" and below have one wire located about two thirds of the way down the screen, while monitors greater than 15" have 2 wires at the one-third and two-thirds positions. These wires are less apparent or completely obscured on <a href="/wiki/Standard-definition_television" title="Standard-definition television">standard definition</a> sets due to wider <a href="/wiki/Scan_line" title="Scan line">scan lines</a> to match the lower resolution of the video being displayed. On computer monitors, where the scan lines are much closer together, the wires are often visible. This is a minor drawback of the Trinitron standard which is not shared by shadow mask CRTs. Aperture grilles are not as mechanically stable as shadow or slot masks; a tap can cause the image to briefly become distorted, even with damping/support wires.<sup id="cite_ref-stweb.peelschools.org_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stweb.peelschools.org-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some people may find the wires to be distracting.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Anti-glare_coating">Anti-glare coating</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trinitron&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Anti-glare coating"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A polyurethane sheet coated to scatter reflections is affixed to the front of the screen, where it can be damaged.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Partial_list_of_other_aperture_grille_brands">Partial list of other aperture grille brands</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trinitron&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Partial list of other aperture grille brands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sharp_NEC_Display_Solutions" title="Sharp NEC Display Solutions">Sharp NEC Display Solutions</a> (NEC/Mitsubishi) "Diamondtron"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gateway,_Inc." title="Gateway, Inc.">Gateway, Inc.</a> "Vivitron" (Trinitron and Diamondtron rebrand)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAG_InnoVision" title="MAG InnoVision">MAG InnoVision</a> "Technitron" (Trinitron rebrand)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ViewSonic" title="ViewSonic">ViewSonic</a> "SonicTron" (Trinitron rebrand)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trinitron&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank_television_set.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Blank_television_set.svg/32px-Blank_television_set.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Blank_television_set.svg/48px-Blank_television_set.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Blank_television_set.svg/64px-Blank_television_set.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="138" data-file-height="92" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:TV">TV portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_television" title="History of television">History of television</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trinitron&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trinitron&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100625235911/http://www.sony.net/Fun/SH/1-12/h7.html">"You Guys Can Do It!"</a>. <i>Sony Global</i>. Sony. 2002. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sony.net/Fun/SH/1-12/h7.html">the original</a> on 2010-06-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sony+Global&rft.atitle=You+Guys+Can+Do+It%21&rft.date=2002&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sony.net%2FFun%2FSH%2F1-12%2Fh7.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrinitron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ed Reitan, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://novia.net/~ereitan/Color_Sys_CBS.html">"CBS Field Sequential Color System"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100105183213/http://novia.net/~ereitan/Color_Sys_CBS.html">Archived</a> 2010-01-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 24 August 1997</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rca-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rca_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ed Reitan, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://novia.net/~ereitan/Color_Sys_RCA.html">"RCA Dot Sequential Color System"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100107142004/http://novia.net/~ereitan/Color_Sys_RCA.html">Archived</a> 2010-01-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 28 August 1997</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGould1954" class="citation news cs1">Gould, Jack (4 January 1954). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1954/01/04/archives/television-in-review-n-b-c-color-tournament-of-roses-parade-is-sent.html">"Television in Review: NBC Color; Tournament of Roses Parade Is Sent Over 22-City Network"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190504045809/https://www.nytimes.com/1954/01/04/archives/television-in-review-n-b-c-color-tournament-of-roses-parade-is-sent.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-05-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Television+in+Review%3A+NBC+Color%3B+Tournament+of+Roses+Parade+Is+Sent+Over+22-City+Network&rft.date=1954-01-04&rft.aulast=Gould&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1954%2F01%2F04%2Farchives%2Ftelevision-in-review-n-b-c-color-tournament-of-roses-parade-is-sent.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrinitron" class="Z3988"></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.dailynews.com/pasadenapolitics/2007/12/31/severe-test-passedeleven/#more-305">blog</a> about this article, (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190504044710/http://blogs.dailynews.com/pasadenapolitics/2007/12/31/severe-test-passedeleven/">archived May 4, 2019</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-s42-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-s42_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-s42_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Sony</i>, p. 42</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lucie-Smith1983-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lucie-Smith1983_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdward_Lucie-Smith1983" class="citation book cs1">Edward Lucie-Smith (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fMsfAQAAIAAJ&q=TV8-301"><i>A History of Industrial Design</i></a>. Phaidon Press. p. 208. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7148-2281-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7148-2281-5"><bdi>978-0-7148-2281-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Industrial+Design&rft.pages=208&rft.pub=Phaidon+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-7148-2281-5&rft.au=Edward+Lucie-Smith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfMsfAQAAIAAJ%26q%3DTV8-301&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrinitron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Sony</i>, p. 43</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-s44-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-s44_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-s44_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-s44_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Sony</i>, p. 44</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Sony</i>, p. 45</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-s46-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-s46_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-s46_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Sony</i>, p. 46</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-s47-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-s47_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-s47_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Sony</i>, p. 47</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scienceandsociety.co.uk/results.asp?image=10463866&wwwflag=2&imagepos=1">"Sony Trinitron color television receiver, c 1970"</a> is a common publication claiming that Trinitron and Chromatron are the same.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Abramson2007-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Abramson2007_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlbert_Abramson2007" class="citation book cs1">Albert Abramson (15 September 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TOMOmmrvwCcC&q=%22but+led+the+way+to+the+successful+chromatron%22&pg=PA117"><i>The History of Television, 1942 to 2000</i></a>. McFarland. p. 117. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-3243-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-3243-1"><bdi>978-0-7864-3243-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Television%2C+1942+to+2000&rft.pages=117&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2007-09-15&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-3243-1&rft.au=Albert+Abramson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTOMOmmrvwCcC%26q%3D%2522but%2Bled%2Bthe%2Bway%2Bto%2Bthe%2Bsuccessful%2Bchromatron%2522%26pg%3DPA117&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrinitron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stweb.peelschools.org-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-stweb.peelschools.org_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stweb.peelschools.org_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200416205016/http://stweb.peelschools.org/pcsweb/pc_tut/06crtmon.htm">"CRT Monitors"</a>. <i>stweb.peelschools.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stweb.peelschools.org/pcsweb/pc_tut/06crtmon.htm">the original</a> on 2020-04-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=stweb.peelschools.org&rft.atitle=CRT+Monitors&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstweb.peelschools.org%2Fpcsweb%2Fpc_tut%2F06crtmon.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrinitron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-s48-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-s48_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Sony</i>, p. 48</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.radiomuseum.org/forum/45_years_anniversary_of_walter_bruchs_pal_color_television.html">"45 Years Anniversary of Walter Bruch's PAL Color Television"</a>. <i>www.radiomuseum.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.radiomuseum.org&rft.atitle=45+Years+Anniversary+of+Walter+Bruch%27s+PAL+Color+Television&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.radiomuseum.org%2Fforum%2F45_years_anniversary_of_walter_bruchs_pal_color_television.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrinitron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070716064859/https://www.camerasunderwater.info/engineering/tv_stds/colortv.html">"Tech Notes: Colour TV"</a>. 2007-07-16. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.camerasunderwater.info/engineering/tv_stds/colortv.html">the original</a> on 2007-07-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tech+Notes%3A+Colour+TV&rft.date=2007-07-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.camerasunderwater.info%2Fengineering%2Ftv_stds%2Fcolortv.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrinitron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-shist-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-shist_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-shist_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090329093450/http://www.sony.net/Fun/SH/1-25/h1.html">"Trinitron's High Quality Image Wins Computer Displays Applications"</a>. <i>Sony History</i>. 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sony.net/Fun/SH/1-25/h1.html">the original</a> on 2009-03-29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sony+History&rft.atitle=Trinitron%27s+High+Quality+Image+Wins+Computer+Displays+Applications&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sony.net%2FFun%2FSH%2F1-25%2Fh1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrinitron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://home.bt.com/tech-gadgets/television/retro-tech-the-crt-tv-11363858003032">"Fibre Broadband, TV Packages, BT Sport & Mobile Deals | BT"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fibre+Broadband%2C+TV+Packages%2C+BT+Sport+%26+Mobile+Deals+%26%23124%3B+BT&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhome.bt.com%2Ftech-gadgets%2Ftelevision%2Fretro-tech-the-crt-tv-11363858003032&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrinitron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-profeel-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-profeel_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-profeel_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304055110/http://www.thevintageknob.org/VIDEO/KX20PS1/KX20PS1.html">"KX-20PS1"</a>. thevintageknob.org</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-profeelpro-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-profeelpro_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304115635/http://www.thevintageknob.org/VIDEO/PROFEEL/PROFEEL.html">"Sony PROFEEL"</a>. thevintageknob.org</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.spectrum.ieee.org/tech_talk/2008/03/sony_pulls_plug_on_historic_tr.html">"Sony Pulls Plug on Historic Trinitron TV"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080821131827/http://blogs.spectrum.ieee.org/tech_talk/2008/03/sony_pulls_plug_on_historic_tr.html">Archived</a> 2008-08-21 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>IEEE Spectrum Online</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wallst-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wallst_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wallst_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marketwatch.com/news/story/sony-stop-making-old-style-cathode/story.aspx?guid=%7B097C2A31-1395-41BC-A8B7-6A3A65B27F97%7D">"Sony to stop making old-style cathode ray tube TVs"</a>, <i>Wall Street Journal MarketWatch', 3 March 2008</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJamesHansell2005" class="citation news cs1">James, James; Hansell, Saul (10 March 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/03/10/business/worldbusiness/samsung-is-now-what-sony-once-was.html">"Samsung Is Now What Sony Once Was"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180527004739/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/03/10/business/worldbusiness/samsung-is-now-what-sony-once-was.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-05-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Samsung+Is+Now+What+Sony+Once+Was&rft.date=2005-03-10&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=Hansell%2C+Saul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2005%2F03%2F10%2Fbusiness%2Fworldbusiness%2Fsamsung-is-now-what-sony-once-was.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrinitron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShu-Ching2006" class="citation web cs1">Shu-Ching, Jean Chen (26 February 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/2008/02/26/sony-sharp-lcd-markets-equity-cx_jc_0226markets08.html">"Sony Jilts Samsung For Sharp In LCD Panel Production"</a>. <i>Forbes</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303233240/https://www.forbes.com/2008/02/26/sony-sharp-lcd-markets-equity-cx_jc_0226markets08.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-03-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Sony+Jilts+Samsung+For+Sharp+In+LCD+Panel+Production&rft.date=2006-02-26&rft.aulast=Shu-Ching&rft.aufirst=Jean+Chen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2F2008%2F02%2F26%2Fsony-sharp-lcd-markets-equity-cx_jc_0226markets08.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrinitron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100706220929/http://spectrum.ieee.org/tech-talk/semiconductors/devices/sony_pulls_plug_on_historic_tr">spectrum.ieee.org, 5 March 2008, "Sony Pulls Plug on Historic Trinitron TV"</a>, retrieved 9 June 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4wEAAAAAMBAJ&q=aperture+grille+blocks&pg=PA64">"Maximum PC"</a>. July 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Maximum+PC&rft.date=2003-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4wEAAAAAMBAJ%26q%3Daperture%2Bgrille%2Bblocks%26pg%3DPA64&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrinitron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trinitron&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Nathan2001" class="citation book cs1">John Nathan (April 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6XZ11jJPKQQC"><i>Sony</i></a>. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-618-12694-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-618-12694-5"><bdi>0-618-12694-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sony&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Harcourt&rft.date=2001-04&rft.isbn=0-618-12694-5&rft.au=John+Nathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6XZ11jJPKQQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrinitron" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trinitron&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0aFhzGEBQlk">Trinitron: Sony's Once Unbeatable Product</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060223021712/http://www.epinions.com/cmd-review-68E6-1273DC21-3839F1FF-bd4">Sony Trinitron Explained</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sony" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sony" title="Template:Sony"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sony" title="Template talk:Sony"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sony" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sony"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sony" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sony" title="History of Sony">History</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Founders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Masaru_Ibuka" title="Masaru Ibuka">Masaru Ibuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akio_Morita" title="Akio Morita">Akio Morita</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Primary businesses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sony#Electronics_Products_&_Solutions" title="Sony">Sony Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony#Imaging_&_Sensing_Solutions" title="Sony">Sony Semiconductor Solutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Entertainment" title="Sony Entertainment">Sony Entertainment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Music_Group" title="Sony Music Group">Sony Music Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Music" title="Sony Music">Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Music_Publishing" title="Sony Music Publishing">Publishing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Pictures" title="Sony Pictures">Sony Pictures</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Financial_Group" title="Sony Financial Group">Sony Financial Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Life" title="Sony Life">Sony Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Bank" title="Sony Bank">Sony Bank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Interactive_Entertainment" title="Sony Interactive Entertainment">Sony Interactive Entertainment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation" title="PlayStation">PlayStation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Music_Entertainment_Japan" title="Sony Music Entertainment Japan">Sony Music Entertainment Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aniplex" title="Aniplex">Aniplex</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sony_trademarks" title="List of Sony trademarks">Technologies<br />and brands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sony_%CE%B1" title="Sony α">α (Alpha)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betacam" title="Betacam">Betacam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bionz" title="Bionz">Bionz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blu-ray" title="Blu-ray">Blu-ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bravia_(brand)" title="Bravia (brand)">Bravia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_disc" title="Compact disc">CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cell_(microprocessor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cell (microprocessor)">Cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyber-shot" title="Cyber-shot">Cyber-shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Dash" title="Sony Dash">Dash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Dream_Machine" title="Sony Dream Machine">Dream Machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exmor" title="Exmor">Exmor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FeliCa" title="FeliCa">FeliCa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handycam" title="Handycam">Handycam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HDCAM" title="HDCAM">HDCAM/HDCAM-SR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMZ-T1" title="HMZ-T1">HMZ-T1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inzone" title="Inzone">Inzone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LocationFree_Player" title="LocationFree Player">LocationFree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory_Stick" title="Memory Stick">Memory Stick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MiniDisc" title="MiniDisc">MiniDisc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DV_(video_format)" title="DV (video format)">MiniDV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MicroMV" title="MicroMV">MicroMV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mylo_(Sony)" title="Mylo (Sony)">mylo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayNow_Arena" title="PlayNow Arena">PlayNow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation" title="PlayStation">PlayStation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Reader" title="Sony Reader">Reader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S/PDIF" title="S/PDIF">S/PDIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Dynamic_Digital_Sound" title="Sony Dynamic Digital Sound">SDDS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_8_channel_SDDS_films" title="List of 8 channel SDDS films">8 channel films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Entertainment_Network" title="Sony Entertainment Network">Sony Entertainment Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_X-tal_Reflective_Display" title="Silicon X-tal Reflective Display">SXRD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Tablet" title="Sony Tablet">Sony Tablet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunnel_diode" title="Tunnel diode">Tunnel diode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TransferJet" title="TransferJet">TransferJet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Media_Disc" title="Universal Media Disc">UMD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaio" title="Vaio">Vaio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8_mm_video_format" title="8 mm video format">Video8/Hi8/Digital8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Vision-S" title="Sony Vision-S">Vision-S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walkman" title="Walkman">Walkman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XDCAM" title="XDCAM">XDCAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Xperia" title="Sony Xperia">Xperia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AIBO" title="AIBO">AIBO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CV-2000" title="CV-2000">CV-2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Audio_Tape" title="Digital Audio Tape">DAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betamax" title="Betamax">Betamax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CLI%C3%89" title="CLIÉ">Sony CLIÉ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discman" title="Discman">Discman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jumbotron" title="Jumbotron">Jumbotron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Lissa" title="Sony Lissa">Lissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Mavica" title="Sony Mavica">Mavica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_NEWS" title="Sony NEWS">NEWS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optiarc" title="Optiarc">Optiarc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qualia_(Sony)" title="Qualia (Sony)">Qualia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Rolly" title="Sony Rolly">Rolly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TR-55" title="TR-55">TR-55</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Trinitron</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FD_Trinitron/WEGA" title="FD Trinitron/WEGA">FD series</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_C_videotape" title="Type C videotape">1 inch Type C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U-matic" title="U-matic">U-matic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaio" title="Vaio">Vaio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Watchman" title="Sony Watchman">Watchman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WEGA" title="WEGA">WEGA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Electronics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Creative_Software" title="Sony Creative Software">Sony Creative Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FeliCa" title="FeliCa">FeliCa Networks</a> (57%)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Digital_distribution" title="Digital distribution">Online distribution</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Content_delivery_network" title="Content delivery network">platforms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Network" title="PlayStation Network">PlayStation Network</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Now" title="PlayStation Now">PlayStation Now</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Store" title="PlayStation Store">PlayStation Store</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Pictures_Core" title="Sony Pictures Core">Sony Pictures Core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SonyLIV" title="SonyLIV">SonyLIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crunchyroll" title="Crunchyroll">Crunchyroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pure_Flix" class="mw-redirect" title="Pure Flix">Great American Pure Flix</a> (joint venture with <a href="/wiki/Great_American_Media" title="Great American Media">Great American Media</a>)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Former/Defunct" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Former/Defunct</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PlayNow_Arena" title="PlayNow Arena">PlayNow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Video" title="PlayStation Video">PlayStation Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Vue" title="PlayStation Vue">PlayStation Vue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crunchyroll_EMEA#Anime_Digital_Network" title="Crunchyroll EMEA">Anime Digital Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anime_on_Demand" title="Anime on Demand">Anime on Demand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crunchyroll_Store_Australia#AnimeLab" title="Crunchyroll Store Australia">AnimeLab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funimation" title="Funimation">Funimation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakanim" title="Wakanim">Wakanim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VRV_(streaming_service)" title="VRV (streaming service)">VRV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Entertainment_Network" title="Sony Entertainment Network">Sony Entertainment Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crackle_(service)" title="Crackle (service)">Crackle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Minisode_Network" title="The Minisode Network">Minisodes</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other businesses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Digital_Audio_Disc_Corporation" title="Sony Digital Audio Disc Corporation">Sony DADC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/So-net" title="So-net">Sony Network Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Professional_Solutions" title="Sony Professional Solutions">Sony Professional Solutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Honda_Mobility" title="Sony Honda Mobility">Sony Honda Mobility</a> (50%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MDLinx" title="MDLinx">M3</a> (39.4%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaio" title="Vaio">Vaio</a> (4.9%)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other assets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Corporation_of_America" title="Sony Corporation of America">Sony Corporation of America</a> (umbrella company in the US)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_assets_owned_by_Sony" title="List of assets owned by Sony">Other subsidiaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acquisitions_by_Sony" title="List of acquisitions by Sony">List of acquisitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_libraries_owned_by_Sony" title="List of libraries owned by Sony">List of libraries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nonprofit organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shohoku_College" title="Shohoku College">Sony Institute of Higher Education Shohoku College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Toshiba_IBM_Center_of_Competence_for_the_Cell_Processor" title="Sony Toshiba IBM Center of Competence for the Cell Processor">Sony Toshiba IBM Center of Competence for the Cell Processor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_timer" title="Sony timer">Sony timer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mitsubishi_Electric" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mitsubishi_Electric" title="Template:Mitsubishi Electric"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mitsubishi_Electric" title="Template talk:Mitsubishi Electric"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mitsubishi_Electric" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mitsubishi Electric"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mitsubishi_Electric" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Electric" title="Mitsubishi Electric">Mitsubishi Electric</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi" title="Mitsubishi">Mitsubishi</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Divisions and<br /><a href="/wiki/Category:Mitsubishi_Electric_subsidiaries" title="Category:Mitsubishi Electric subsidiaries">subsidiaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Green Cycle Systems Corporation</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iconics" title="Iconics">Iconics</a></li> <li>Mitsubishi Electric China</li> <li>Mitsubishi Electric Europe</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Electric_United_States" title="Mitsubishi Electric United States">Mitsubishi Electric United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apricot_Computers" title="Apricot Computers">Apricot Computers</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li>Diatone<sup>1</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mitsubishi_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Mitsubishi_logo.svg/50px-Mitsubishi_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Mitsubishi_logo.svg/75px-Mitsubishi_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Mitsubishi_logo.svg/100px-Mitsubishi_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="733" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Joint ventures and<br />shareholdings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Mitsubishi Hitachi Home Elevator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powerex_(semiconductors)" title="Powerex (semiconductors)">Powerex</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(50%)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renesas_Electronics" title="Renesas Electronics">Renesas Electronics</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(25.05%)</span></li> <li>Shanghai Mitsubishi Elevator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shihlin_Electric" title="Shihlin Electric">Shihlin Electric</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(20%)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TMEIC" title="TMEIC">TMEIC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sharp_NEC_Display_Solutions" title="Sharp NEC Display Solutions">NEC-Mitsubishi Electric Visual Systems</a><sup>2</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Mitsubishi_Electric_products,_services_and_standards" title="Category:Mitsubishi Electric products, services and standards">Products, services<br />and standards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_AAM-4" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitsubishi AAM-4">Mitsubishi AAM-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camellia_(cipher)" title="Camellia (cipher)">Camellia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CC-Link_Industrial_Networks" class="mw-redirect" title="CC-Link Industrial Networks">CC-Link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DiamondTouch" title="DiamondTouch">DiamondTouch</a></li> <li>Diamond Vision</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DS2000" title="DS2000">DS2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KASUMI_(block_cipher)" class="mw-redirect" title="KASUMI (block cipher)">KASUMI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MelsecNet" title="MelsecNet">MelsecNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MISTY1" title="MISTY1">MISTY1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privacy_enhanced_computer_display" class="mw-redirect" title="Privacy enhanced computer display">Privacy Enhanced Computer Display</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saffron_Type_System" title="Saffron Type System">Saffron Type System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seam_carving" title="Seam carving">Seam carving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SERVIS-2" title="SERVIS-2">SERVIS-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superbird-C2" title="Superbird-C2">Superbird-C2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_3_Ch%C5%AB-SAM" class="mw-redirect" title="Type 3 Chū-SAM">Type 3 Chū-SAM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Diamondtron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrohome" title="Electrohome">Electrohome</a></li> <li>MELCOM</li> <li>MOLDIS</li> <li>Molectron</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Pedion" title="Mitsubishi Pedion">Pedion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trium" title="Trium">Trium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Mitsubishi_Electric_people" title="Category:Mitsubishi Electric people">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitsuru_Matsui" title="Mitsuru Matsui">Mitsuru Matsui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Electric_Halle" title="Mitsubishi Electric Halle">Mitsubishi Electric Halle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solae_(tower)" title="Solae (tower)">Solae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Building" title="Tokyo Building">Tokyo Building</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atacama_Submillimeter_Telescope_Experiment" title="Atacama Submillimeter Telescope Experiment">Atacama Submillimeter Telescope Experiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Electric_Championship_at_Hualalai" title="Mitsubishi Electric Championship at Hualalai">Mitsubishi Electric Championship at Hualalai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Mitsubishi_Electric_Cup" title="2010 Mitsubishi Electric Cup">Mitsubishi Electric Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Electric_Classic" title="Mitsubishi Electric Classic">Mitsubishi Electric Classic</a></li> <li>Mitsubishi Electric Diamond Dolphins</li> <li>Mitsubishi Electric Koalas</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Foundation" title="Mitsubishi Foundation">Mitsubishi Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AFF_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="AFF Championship">AFF Mitsubishi Electric Cup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><sup>1</sup><i>Now integrated into other Mitsubishi Electric divisions or business groupings</i></li> <li><sup>2</sup><i>Sold</i></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Mitsubishi_Electric" title="Category:Mitsubishi Electric">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" 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